Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
[ill
1191
Reed et al.
[54]
[45]
HYDRODYNAMIC SKIN-FRICTION
REDUCTION
4,736,912
4,863,121
4,932,612
4,986,496
[21]
[22] Filed:
Field of Search
.....................
References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
1,066,732
1,725,452
2,145,463
3,016,865
3,604,661
4,693,201
7/1913
8/1929
VI939
]/I962
9/1971
9/1987
Johnson
............................
Harper ..............................
Spinanger .........................
Eichenberger ...................
Mayer ...............................
Williams et al. ..................
114/67 A
114/67 A
114/67 A
114/67 A
114/67 A
114/67 R
Patent Number:
Date of Patent:
4/1988
9/1989
6/1990
VI991
c- I3
14
.-
5d
Oct. 8, 1991
Loebert .............................
114/67 R
Savil ....................................
244/200
Blackwelder et ai. .............. 244/200
Marentic et al. ....................
244/130
14
5c
5,054,412
U.S. Patent
Oct. 8, 1991
Sheet 1 of 2
5,054,412
FIG. 1
I
27
32
FIG. 3
FIG.4
14
FIG. 2
&
25
,'/
//Q,/,,<
26
US. Patent
5,054,412
Sheet 2 of 2
Oct. 8, 1991
I 5dr??RTmm
-
7-
>I-
30-
14
E J SURFACTANT
TEFLON
ANGLED INJECTION
ISURFACTANT /TANGENTIAL
INJECTION
Um=4ft/s
25-
20 15-
z
a
13
0 BARE ALUMINUM
0-
C-
10 -
E
20x20 20x40 40x20
40 X 8 0
GROOVE DIMENSION
FIG. 8
5,054,4 12
50
55
60
65
5,054,412
3
5,054,412
5,054,412
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
'
45
50
55
60
* * * * *
65