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JAMES RUSE AGRICULTURAL HIGH SCHOOL

2013
PHYSICS
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

THEORY & DATA PROCESSING


General Instructions

Reading time 5 minutes


Working time 120 minutes
Board-approved calculators may be used
Write using blue or black pen
Draw diagrams using pencil
A Data Sheet, Formulae Sheet and a Periodic Table are provided
Write your Student Number in the space provided on the top of pages 10 and 19.

Total: 90 marks

PART A

Theory 20 Multiple Choice Questions

20 marks

Allow about 30 minutes

PART B

Theory 14 Extended Response Questions

45 marks

Allow about 55 minutes

PART C

Data Processing 3 Questions

25 marks

Allow about 35 minutes

Marks
Use the multiple choice answer sheet on page 10.

JRAHS 2013 Physics Preliminary Examination

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Marks
PART A
1.

Which of the following is an example of a digital technology?


(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Sonar
Global Positioning System
FM radio
AM radio

A student conducted an experiment where she measured the angle of refraction of a ray of
light for varying angles of incidence, as the light travelled from air into a transparent plastic
rectangular prism. After several trials, the following graph was produced.
Sin of Refracted angle

2.

20 Multiple Choice Questions 20 marks.

0.50

X
X

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10
0 X
0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

Sin of Incident angle

Based on these results, which of the following is true?

(A)

3.

Refractive Index of the


transparent plastic
1.6

Reliability of the results


high

(B)

0.62

low

(C)

1.6

low

(D)

0.62

high

A beam of light is incident on a boundary between two transparent plastics, as shown in


the diagram below.
Plastic 1
Boundary

Plastic 2

Which of the following best describes how the light behaved as it crossed the boundary
from Plastic 1 into Plastic 2?
(A)

Wavelength
increased

Frequency
no change

(B)

no change

increased

(C)

decreased

no change

(D)

no change

decreased

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Marks
4.

A technician records a signal intensity of 10 000 units when he is 1 km from the antenna of a
transmission tower. He then travels to a second site and repeats the measurement finding the
signal strength from the antenna is now 15 625 units.
How far is the technician from the antenna at the second location?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

5.

Which of the following statements about voltmeters and ammeters is true?


(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

6.

410 m
640 m
800 m
1250 m

Both ammeters and voltmeters have low resistances.


Both ammeters and voltmeters have high resistances.
An ammeter has a low resistance whilst a voltmeter has a high resistance.
An ammeter has a high resistance whilst a voltmeter has a low resistance.

A magnetic compass sits directly below a straight length of conductor wire attached in an
electric circuit.

Compass
below wire

Not to Scale

Conducting wire

E
S

The power is switched on and a large electric current passes through the wire.
Which of the following describes the likely behaviour of the compass needle after the
switched is closed?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

The needle would rotate to point South.


The needle would rotate to point East.
The needle would rotate to point West.
The needle will continue to point North.

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Marks
7.

Refer to the electric circuit below.


9V

R
3
6

When the switch is closed, the ammeter reading is 1.5 A.


What is the value of the resistor R?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

8.

1
2
3
4

Two resistance test wires of the same length and made from the same material were attached
in turn into the electric circuit shown below.

A
Test wire

V
The results recorded for each Test wire are shown in the table below.

Voltmeter
(V)
1.8
5.9
10.4

Test wire 1
Ammeter
(A)
0.089
0.285
0.468

V/I
()
20.2
20.7
22.2

Voltmeter
(V)
1.9
6.0
10.7

Test wire 2
Ammeter
(A)
0.047
0.145
0.241

V/I
()
40.4
41.4
44.4

Based on the available evidence which of the following statements is correct?


(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Test wire 2 is about twice the diameter of wire 1.


Test wire 2 is about four times the diameter of wire 1.
Test wire 2 is about 0.7 times the diameter of test wire 1.
Test wire 2 is about 1.4 times the diameter of test wire 1.

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Marks
9.

Which of the following was most significant in increasing our understanding of electricity?
(A) Voltas development of the electrochemical cell provided the first continuous
source of electric currents to study.
(B) The debate between Galvani and Volta created a lot of interest in research into
electricity.
(C) Galvani had shown that electricity was associated with muscle tissue in animals
leading to whole new area of study.
(D) Galvani and Voltas work led almost immediately to the discovery of the atom and
its components.

10.

A light globe is connected in a circuit with a 6 V DC power supply. When the power is
switched on, a current of 2.4 A flows through the globe.
Which of the following statements is correct?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

11.

The light globe has a resistance of 14.4 .


The light globe releases 14.4 J of energy each second.
The light globe consumes 2.5 W of power.
The light globe has a resistance of 8.4 .

A small, charged, polystyrene ball of mass 25 g is placed between two horizontal parallel
metal plates, as shown below. When released the polystyrene ball remains stationary.

Charged polystyrene ball

E = 500 N C-1

Based on this information, choose the correct response.


Charge on the polystyrene ball
(A)

490 C

Charge on the top plate


positive

(B)

+490 C

negative

(C)

490 mC

positive

(D)

+490 mC

negative

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Marks
12.

A compass is placed near a small bar magnet in the position X as shown.

S
X

Which of the following best indicates the direction of the compass needle when placed at
point X?

(A)

13.

(B)

(C)

(D)

Choose the option which best describes the effect of increasing temperature on the resistance
of a conductor.
(A) The resistance increases because electrons lose more energy when they collide with
lattice particles in the conductor.
(B) The resistance increases because electrons undergo more collisions with lattice
particles in the conductor.
(C) The resistance decreases because the electrons move through the conductor more
quickly.
(D) The resistance decreases because the heat energy causes more electrons to be
released by atoms in the conductor.

14.

Consider the following electrical circuit.

Z
Which of the following statements is true?
(A) The reading on A1 will be twice the reading on A2
(B) The potential difference across each resistor is the same
(C) The potential difference between points X and Y will be higher than the potential
difference between point Y and Z.
(D) If the potential difference across the power supply is 12V, then the reading on the
voltmeter V1 will also be 12V.

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Marks
15.

The diagram below represents the electric field surrounding a positive charge.

Two identical, positive test charges, X and Y, are placed as shown.


Choose the correct statement?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

16.

Which of the following scientists was the first to provide experimental evidence of an
expanding Universe?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

17.

X has more electrical potential energy than Y.


X has less electrical potential energy than Y.
X and Y have the same electrical potential energy.
X and Y both have zero electrical potential energy.

Olbers
Einstein
Friedmann
Hubble

Three stages in the formation of stars and galaxies are listed below.
I.
II.
III.

Lumpiness of the gas cloud allows gravitational collapse


Expansion and cooling of the Universe
Loss of particle kinetic energy

Which of the following gives the correct sequence outlining how the accretion of galaxies
and stars occurred?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

II I III
III II I
I III II
II III I

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Marks
18.

19.

Which answer correctly identifies the primary source of energy for each stellar object listed?
Main Sequence stars

White dwarf stars

Red Giants

(A)

Fusion of hydrogen

Remnant heat in core

Fusion of helium

(B)

Remnant heat in core

Fusion of helium

Fusion of hydrogen

(C)

Fusion of hydrogen

Fusion of carbon

Remnant heat in core

(D)

Remnant heat in core

Fusion of helium

Fusion of carbon

Studies of blackbody radiation and spectral analysis have been crucial in advancing our
understanding of stars.
Which of the following best describes important details about a star that have been
revealed through these studies?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

20.

The size of the star and its distance from Earth


The core temperature and apparent brightness of the star
The absolute brightness of the star and the composition of its atmosphere
The speed the star is moving relative to Earth and the surface temperature of the star

A sample of radioactive material is enclosed in a small lead box with a single hole in the box
to allow any radiation being produced to emerge and travel through a uniform magnetic field
region. Three different forms of radiation are observed, labelled X, Y and Z.

uniform magnetic
field region

X
Radioactive sample

Z
Y

Which of the following statements would be correct?


(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Radiation Z is the most massive emission.


Radiation X is the slowest moving.
Radiation Y is positively charged.
Radiation Z is the slowest moving.

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Marks
PART A

Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

20 marks
Student No. .....................

Choose the most appropriate answer and fill in the response circle completely.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

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PART B

50 marks

14 extended response questions

Attempt questions 21 34.


Allow about 65 minutes for this part.
Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.

Question 21 (4 marks)
(a)

Draw a labelled diagram showing how parallel light rays are reflected off a concave mirror.

Parallel rays
Arrows
Focus
mirror

(b)

2 correct = 1 mark

State an application of a convex mirror and explain its use.

Convex mirrors are used in driveways with bends to allow cars around the bend to be seen.
OR Convex mirrors are used in shops to allow a wider field of view from one vantage point.

Question 22 (2 marks)
Draw diagrams to show:
(a)

a radio carrier wave.

(b)

the carrier wave after frequency modulation.

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Marks
Question 23 (6 marks)
A ray of light enters a different medium as shown in the diagram.

38

air
640

medium

a)

Calculate the refractive index of the medium, giving your answer to 2 significant figures.

b)

Calculate the speed of the ray of light in this medium, showing all working.

c)

Calculate the critical angle for this medium, giving your answer to the nearest degree.

( )

Question 24 (3 marks)
There are many types of electromagnetic waves.
(a)

(b)

List two characteristics all electromagnetic waves have in common.

Travel at the speed of light c = 3108 ms-1

Do not require a propagating medium

Are transverse waves made up of perpendicular electric and magnetic fields

Identify two electromagnetic wavebands NOT filtered out by the Earths atmosphere.

Visible and microwave/radio

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Marks
Question 25 (4 marks)
Consider the diagram below.

Parallel
plates
5 mm

40 mm

(a)

Complete the diagram by showing the charge polarity of the two parallel plates

(b)

The electric field strength at X is 4000 NC-1.


Calculate the force on an electron with a charge q = 1.6 x 10-19 C which is placed at Y.

(c)

Calculate the minimum work done in moving an electron from X to Z.

Question 26 (2 marks)
A circuit breaker stops the flow of current in a circuit when the current exceeds a pre-set value. A
fuse plays a similar role.
What advantage does a circuit breaker have over a fuse?

A circuit breaker can be reset (after the fault in the circuit has been repaired) whereas a fuse
needs replacing, having melted.

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Marks
Question 27 (3 marks)
Complete the diagram below to show the shape of the electric field pattern between the two charges
shown and indicate a null point in the electric field.
A null point is a position where the electric field strength is zero.

+1 C

+2 C

Marking Criteria
Correctly draws: shape& arrow direction; concentration of lines;
position of null point
Any 2 of the above
Any 1 of the above

Marks
3
2
1

Question 28 (2 marks)
In some countries, household electricity operates at 110 V. In Australia, the supply voltage is 240 V.
Explain the consequences of plugging in a 110 V hair dryer into an Australian power point.
Marking Criteria
Correctly explanations for TWO appropriate consequences: which
must include an explanation of why the large current flows
One of the above or a description of consequences only with no
explanation

Marks
2
1

Too large a current will flow through the hairdryer because of the high voltage, since I = V/R
and R doesnt change whilst V increases.
This will lead to the hairdryer to overheat, possibly melting its fuse or melting the circuitry
(possibly bursting into flame).
OR
This could lead to the tripping of the circuit breaker in the household powerpoint circuit that
the hairdryer is plugged into.

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Marks
Question 29 (4 marks)
On the diagram below, clearly label the North (N) and South (S) ends of the solenoid.

S

Question 30 (4 marks)
Consider the circuit diagram below:
4

S1

12

A
2

20V
(a)

Determine the total resistance of the circuit when the switch S1 is closed.
(

(b)

Determine the current flowing through the ammeter when the switch S1 is closed.

(c)

Determine the power dissipated in the 2 resistor when the switch S1 is closed.

(d)

Determine the voltage across the 4 resistor when the switch S1 is opened.

Maximum of 3 marks unless all answers have correct units

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Marks
Question 31 (2 marks)
The following table provides some of the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation.

Type

Nature

Charge

Deflection in
a magnetic field

Ionising
ability

Alpha

helium nucleus

positive

(iii)

high

Beta

(i)

negative

large

medium

Gamma

high frequency

(ii)

none

(iv)

electromagnetic radiation
Identify (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv).
(i)

electron

(iii)

small / low

(ii)

none

(iv)

low / weak

Every 2 correct = 1 mark

Question 32 (3 marks)
In your course, you conducted a first-hand investigation to demonstrate the relationship between
current, voltage and power using a heating coil.
Describe ONE step you undertook to ensure your results were reliable, accurate and valid.
RELIABLE

Repeat the experiment until I obtained similar results (or above 85% efficiency)

Etc

VALID

Measured out 50 mL of water (controlled volume) using a measuring cylinder.

Ensured T was 100 C to minimise heat loss to environment.

Stirred the water continuously to ensure correct T reading.

Maximised input electrical power (I and V) to minimise heat loss to environment.

Etc

ACCURATE

Used small graduated thermometer to measure temperature accurately

Used sensitive voltmeter/ammeter

Etc

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Marks
Question 33 (5 marks)
Study the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram below and then answer the following question.
Effective Temperature (K)
30 000

10 000

7 000

6 000

4 000

Betelgeuse
105
104
103
102

L0
Luminosity
compared
to our Sun

10

1
10-1
Altair

10-2
10-3
10-4

Contrast Altair and Betelgeuse (excluding energy sources), both quantitatively and/or qualitatively,
as appropriate.
Marking Criteria
Answer must correctly compare/contrast 5 of::

Luminosity

Size and/or Mass

Surface Temperature

Colour

Lifetime
4 of the above
3 of the above
2 of the above
1 of the above
Characteristic

Altair

LUMINOSITY

Marks
5

4
3
2
1
Betelgeuse
1000 more luminous.

COLOUR

white

SIZE/MASS

red
much bigger / massive.

SURF. TEMP

8000 K

3000 K

LIFETIME

long lived

relatively short lived

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Marks
Question 34 (4 marks)
Evaluate the impact of the telescope on the development of our current understanding of the Universe, 4
with reference to Galileos observations.
Marking Criteria
A thorough assessment of impact with three observations requiring
three different explanations.
3 of the above
2 of the above
1 of the above

Marks
4
3
2
1

The telescope, as used by Galileo, had a huge impact on the development of our current
understanding of the universe by offering supporting evidence to the Copernican Heliocentric
model of the observable universe, our solar system, over the dominant Ptolemaic Geocentric model
that had existed for approx. 2000 yrs.
Some of Galileos observations were:
Uneven moon surface/sunspots imperfect heavenly bodies.
Phases of Venus Venus orbited the Sun
Moons of Jupiter heavenly bodies orbiting a planet other than Earth

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Student No. .....................
PART C

Data Processing

25 marks

Attempt questions 35 37.


Allow about 35 minutes for this part.
Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.
Question 35 (4 marks)
The diagrams below represent kW-h (kilowatt-hour) readings for a factory power meter board.
The first reading was taken at 11 a.m on Monday.
This meter reading was 40565 kW-h as indicated below.

The meter at 11 a.m on the following Friday is shown below.

__

__

__

__

__

(a)

Write down the meter reading for Friday in the space provided above.

(b)

Determine the electrical energy used, in kW-h, during the Monday to Friday time period.

...
(c)

Calculate the average daily energy usage, in kW-h.

...
(d)

The cost of electrical energy is 30 cents per kW-h.


Calculate the cost of the electrical energy used for this period of time.

...

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Marks
Question 36 (14 marks)
The table below shows some of the data obtained by the Voyager space probe for the moons of the
planet Neptune (1 Earth day = 86 400 s)
(a)

Complete the table below for the five moons shown. ( to 3 significant figures )
Name of
Moon

Orbital Radius,
R
( 106 m )

R3
( 1023 m3 )

Orbital Period

Naiad

48.2

Thalassa

( Earth days)

Orbital Period,
T
( 104 s )

T2
( 108 s2 )

1.12

0.294

2.54

6.45

50.1

1.26

0.311

2.69

7.22

Despina

52.5

1.45

0.355

3.07

9.41

Galatea

62.0

2.38

0.429

3.71

13.7

Larissa

73.5

3.97

0.555

4.80

23.0

Source: http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/neptune_moons.html, 05 August 2013, 10.31 pm AEST

Plot a graph of R3 versus T2 on the grid provided and include a line of best fit.

(b)

3
Label on vertical axis (1)

R
( 1023 m3 )

Appropriate scale (1)

Plotted points (1)


Line of best fit (1)

1
5

.
10

15

20

25

T2
( 108 s2 )
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Marks
(c)

Determine the gradient, k, of this line (to 3 significant figures), including units. Show all
necessary working.
Evidence on graph for working (1)
Units (1)
Value of k (1)
Powers of 10 (1)

It is known (from Keplers laws) that the graph you obtained obeys the following equation:
,

where, G = universal gravitation constant


= 6.67 10-11 N m2 kg-2
M = mass of Neptune, the central body around which its
moons revolve.

(d)

Derive an algebraic equation for the mass of Neptune, M, in terms of the gradient, k, of this
line.
Recognising
But

(1)

Final expression for M (1)

Hence
(e)

Hence, or otherwise, calculate the mass of Neptune

Final expression for M (1)

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Marks
Question 37 (7 marks)
The following diagram is a representation of an experiment carried out by students in a Physics
practical. The power supply was kept constant at 5 V.

+ _
variable resistor

x
A

y
wire

V
The graph shows how the ammeter readings vary with the voltmeter readings for the wire.
(a)

Is the wire an ohmic resistor? Give a reason for your answer.

...
...
(b)

Use the graph to determine the current flowing through the wire when the voltage is 1 V.

...
(c)

Use the graph to calculate the resistance of the wire.

...
(d)

Use the circuit diagram to determine the voltage Vx across x, when the voltmeter reads 1 V.

...
(e)

When the voltmeter reads 1 V, 3 A of current is delivered by the power supply.


Use this information and any relevant answers in (b), (c) or (d) to calculate the total resistance
of the variable resistor.
...
...
...
...

End of Data Processing Task


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