Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
GETTING STARTED
Present Simple
FORM
Affirmative
I / You go
He / She / It goes
We / You / They go
Negative
I / You do not (dont) go
He / She / It does not (doesnt) go
We / You / They do not (dont) go
Uses
Interrogative
Do I / you go?
Does he / she / it go?
Do we / you / they go?
Examples
I go to work by bus.
Stative verbs
Present Continuous
FORM
Affirmative
I am asking
You are asking
He / She / It is asking
We / You / They are asking
Uses
Negative
I am (Im) not asking
You are not (arent) asking
He / She / It is not (isnt) asking
We / You / They are not (arent) asking
Examples
Interrogative
Am I asking?
Are you asking?
Is he / she / it asking?
Are we / you / they asking?
Time expressions
A temporary action
Stative Verbs
Indican un estado mis que unha accin e adoitan
empregarse en Present Simple. Estn relacionados con:
as emocins e os sentimentos (dislike, enjoy, hate, hope,
like, love, prefer, want),
o pensamento e a opinin (believe, forget, guess, know,
remember, think, understand),
a percepcin e os sentidos (feel, hear, see, smell, sound,
taste, touch),
os prezos e as medidas (cost, measure, weigh) e
a pertenza (belong, have, own).
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Grammar Appendix
Past Simple
FORM
Affirmative
I / You worked
He / She / It worked
We / You / They worked
Negative
I / You did not (didnt) work
He / She / It did not (didnt) work
We / You / They did not (didnt) work
Uses
Interrogative
Did I / you work?
Did he / she / it work?
Did we / you / they work?
Examples
Time expressions
yesterday, last week / year,
two days ago, in 2007, in the 1980s,
in the 18th century, when, then
Past Continuous
FORM
Affirmative
I was running
You were running
He / She / It was running
We / You / They were running
Uses
An incomplete action in progress
at a specific time in the past
An incomplete action interrupted
by another action
Two incomplete actions in progress at
the same time in the past
Negative
I was not (wasnt) running
You were not (werent) running
He / She / It was not (wasnt) running
We / You / They were not (werent) running
Examples
At 10 oclock last night, he was watching a film.
(A pasada noite s dez, el estaba a ver unha pelcula.)
Interrogative
Was I running?
Were you running?
Was he / she / it running?
Were we / you / they running?
Time expressions
last night / week / year,
at 4 oclock
when, while, as
Negative
I / You have not (havent) eaten
He / She / It has not (hasnt) eaten
We / You / They have not (havent) eaten
Uses
Interrogative
Have I / you eaten?
Has he / she / it eaten?
Have we / you / they eaten?
Examples
Time expressions
Examples
Negative
I / You had not (hadnt) fallen
He / She / It had not (hadnt) fallen
We / You / They had not (hadnt) fallen
B Burlington Books
Interrogative
Had I / you fallen?
Had he / she / it fallen?
Had we / you / they fallen?
Time expressions
already, by the time, after,
before, until, never, just
Grammar Appendix
Future Simple
FORM
Affirmative
I / You will win
He / She / It will win
We / You / They will win
Uses
Negative
I / You will not (wont) win
He / She / It will not (wont) win
We / You / They will not (wont) win
Examples
A prediction
A timetable
A spontaneous decision
Interrogative
Will I / you win?
Will he / she / it win?
Will we / you / they win?
Time expressions
Be going to
FORM
Affirmative
I am going to eat
You are going to eat
He / She / It is going to eat
We / You / They are going to eat
Negative
I am not going to eat
You are not (arent) going to eat
He / She / It is not (isnt) going to eat
We / You / They are not (arent) going to eat
Uses
Interrogative
Am I going to eat?
Are you going to eat?
Is he / she / it going to eat?
Are we / you / they going to eat?
Examples
Time expressions
this evening, later, in an hour,
at 4 oclock, tomorrow, soon,
next month / year, in a few weeks,
on 8th May
Negative
I / You will not (wont) have lost
He / She / It will not (wont) have lost
We / You / They will not (wont) have lost
Uses
Examples
Interrogative
Will I / you have lost?
Will he / she / it have lost?
Will we / you / they have lost?
Time expressions
Future Continuous
FORM
Affirmative
I / You will be swimming
He / She / It will be swimming
We / You / They will be swimming
Negative
I / You will not (wont) be swimming
He / She / It will not (wont) be swimming
We / You / They will not (wont) be swimming
Uses
An action in progress at a certain future time
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Examples
At this time next Monday, they will be taking a
train to Paris.
Interrogative
Will I / you be swimming?
Will he / she / it be swimming?
Will we / you / they be swimming?
Time expressions
at this time tomorrow / next ... ,
on Thursday, in the next decade
Grammar Appendix
Negative
I / You have not (havent) eaten
He / She / It has not (hasnt) eaten
We / You / They have not (havent) eaten
Uses
Examples
Usos
alar de accins que comezaron no pasado e anda
F
continan. Por iso, s veces tradcese o verbo en presente.
Con accins pasadas cuxos efectos son visbeis no
momento actual.
Expresar que unha accin vn de ocorrer. Daquela
engadimos just entre o auxiliar e mais o participio.
Time expressions
Forma
Interrogative
Have I / you eaten?
Has he / she / it eaten?
Have we / you / they eaten?
(Escribiches xa o traballo?)
Negative
I / You have not (havent) been sleeping
He / She / It has not (hasnt) been sleeping
We / You / They have not (havent) been sleeping
Interrogative
Have I / you been sleeping?
Has he / she / it been sleeping?
Have we / you / they been sleeping?
Examples
An action that started in the past and which still continues How long have you been staying at the hotel?
(Canto tempo levas aloxado no hotel?)
in the present
An action whose results are still apparent
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Time expressions
for a year, since 2002,
how long ...?
all night / morning /
day / week
Grammar
Grammar Appendix
Appendix
Forma
Usos
Negative
I / You will not (wont) have lost
He / She / It will not (wont) have lost
We / You / They will not (wont) have lost
Uses
Examples
Forma
Afirmativa: suxeito + will have + participio do verbo
principal.
Negativa: suxeito + will not (ou wont) have + participio do
verbo principal.
Interrogative
Will I / you have lost?
Will he / she / it have lost?
Will we / you / they have lost?
Time expressions
Usos
Negative
I / You had not (hadnt) fallen
He / She / It had not (hadnt) fallen
We / You / They had not (hadnt) fallen
Uses
Interrogative
Had I / you fallen?
Had he / she / it fallen?
Had we / you / they fallen?
Examples
Time expressions
already, by the time, after,
before, until, never, just
Forma
Usos
I ndicar que unha accin ocorreu antes que outra, a cal vai
en Past Simple.
Negative
I / You had not (hadnt) been studying
He / She / It had not (hadnt) been studying
We / You / They had not (hadnt) been studying
Uses
Examples
Interrogative
Had I / you been studying?
Had he / she / it been studying?
Had we / you / they been studying?
B Burlington Books
Time expressions
for hours, since last April,
all morning, when, until, before
Grammar Appendix
Forma
Afirmativa: suxeito + had + been + verbo principal
rematado en -ing.
Negativa: suxeito + had not (o hadnt) + been + verbo
principal rematado en -ing.
Interrogativa: Had + suxeito + been + verbo principal
rematado en -ing.
Usos
had been going to the doctor for weeks before they found out
He
what was wrong with him.
(Levaba semanas indo ao mdico antes de que averiguasen
que lle ocorra.)
used to / would
Emprganse para falar de accins que eran comns no pasado
mais xa non o son. Adoitan acompaarse de adverbios e
expresins de tempo.
When
I lived in the countryside, I would always go everywhere
by car.
Did you use to study at the library when you were in college?
(Adoitabas estudar na biblioteca cando estabas
na universidade?)
announcement (anuncio)
punctuation (puntuacin)
conclusion (conclusin)
happiness (felicidade)
championship (campionato)
personality (personalidade)
indifference (indiferenza)
annoyance (molestia)
runner (corredor)
sailor (marieiro/a)
valuable (valioso/a)
contemptible (desprezbel)
comical (cmico/a)
truthful (veraz)
painless (indoloro/a)
attractive (atractivo/a)
mysterious (misterioso/a)
considerate (considerado/a)
careful careless
harmful harmless
homeless *homeful
*peaceless peaceful
bore (aborrecer)
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Grammar
Grammar Appendix
Appendix
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Future Simple
Reported Speech
could
might
must / had to
would
Reported Speech
then
that day
that night
the previous day / the day before
the previous week / the week before
the previous month / the month before
the following day / the day after / the next day
the following week / the week after
there
that
those
Reported statements
Ill buy this car today, Martha said.
Martha said (that) she would buy that car that day.
She is hungry.
He says that she is hungry.
(El di que ela ten fame.)
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Grammar Appendix
Reported questions
Reported suggestions
Reporting verbs
Os verbos mis empregados para introducir o estilo indirecto
son say, tell e ask, que transmiten a mensaxe sen engadir
mis informacin. Mais se tamn queremos comunicar a
intencin do falante ou o ton que usou, podemos empregar
outros moitos reporting verbs:
Afirmacins: admit, announce, answer, apologise,
boast, claim, complain, declare, explain, inform, insist,
mention, offer, remind, reply, state
Preguntas: enquire, request, want to know, wonder
Ordes: demand, order, shout, warn
Rogos: beg
Suxestins: advise, invite, recommend, suggest
B Burlington Books
E
mpregando o xerundio, sen especificar ningn suxeito.
Contrast 2 Galician
Grammar
Grammar Appendix
Appendix
Active
Passive
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Future Simple
Modals
Modal Perfects
Lady Gaga must have signed many autographs. Many autographs must have been signed by Lady Gaga.
have to
be going to
Forma
Afirmativa: suxeito + verbo to be + participio do verbo
principal.
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Grammar Appendix
Usos
Os verbos causativos:
have / get + something + done
A estrutura have / get + obxecto directo + participio do
verbo principal expresa accins que encargamos a algun.
Phrasal Verbs
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
10
Grammar
Grammar Appendix
Appendix
Result clause
Examples
ZERO CONDITIONAL
If you recycle materials, you help the environment.
if
Present Simple
+ Present Simple imperative
modal + base form
FIRST CONDITIONAL
if
unless + Present Simple Future Simple
SECOND CONDITIONAL
would
could / might
if
+ Past Simple
unless
+ base form
THIRD CONDITIONAL
if
+ Past Perfect
Simple
would have
could / might
have
If activists hadnt taken action, the forest would have been destroyed.
+ past participle
(Se os activistas non tiveran feito accins, o bosque tera sido destrudo.)
If they had cut down the rainforest, many animals could / might have died.
(Se tiveran tallado a selva, moitos animais poderan ter morto.)
O condicional cero
O segundo condicional
O primeiro condicional
Empregamos if + Present Simple na condicin e Future
Simple no resultado. Expresa o que ocorrer de cumprirse a
condicin sinalada.
B Burlington Books
If you buy a new house, you can sell the old one.
If hybrid cars werent so expensive, more people would buy them.
11
Grammar Appendix
O terceiro condicional
As oracions temporais
If I had been informed earlier, I would have supported your cause.
(Se me tivesen informado antes, tera apoiado a ta causa.)
He will forgive you as long as you are honest.
(El perdoarache sempre que sexas sincero.)
The situation will not improve until the government decides
to act.
If Tom had studied harder, he could / might have got a better mark.
(Se Tom tivese estudado mis, podera ter sacado unha
cualificacin mellor.)
As oracions desiderativas
Form
Uses
Examples
wish / if only
+ Past Simple
wish / if only
+ Past Perfect Simple
Expresses regret about a past action or (Sam desexara ter cambiado o seu vello ordenador.)
situation
If only she had interviewed the politician.
wish / if only
+ could / would + base form
Os prefixos
Os prefixos un-, dis-, im-, in- e il- engdense a algns
adxectivos para darlles o significado oposto.
believable (crbel)
honest (honrado)
polite (educado/a)
active (activo/a)
legal (legal)
unbelievable (incrbel)
dishonest (pouco honrado/a)
impolite (maleducado/a)
inactive (inactivo/a)
illegal (ilegal)
Outros prefixos que se engaden a distintas clases de palabras son inter-, over-, under-, re-, mis-, anti- e multi-.
national (nacional)
populated (poboado/a)
paid (pago/a)
build (construr)
Contrast 2 Galician
international (internacional)
overpopulated (superpoboado)
underpaid (mal pago/a)
rebuild (reconstrur)
B Burlington Books
behave (comportarse)
nuclear (nuclear)
cultural (cultural)
12
Grammar
Grammar Appendix
Appendix
Examples
Anne is the person who / that showed me the ropes on my first day here.
They have finally found a place where they can raise their kids.
Mark told me about the girl whose brother got the sack.
(Anne a persoa que me ensinou como funciona todo o meu primeiro da aqu.)
(El leva un negocio que herdou de seu pai.)
Examples
That hotel, which is very famous, is offering a part-time job as a waiter.
(Ese hotel, que moi famoso, est a ofrecer un posto de camareiro a media xornada.)
Ill always remember the day (when / that) I got the sack.
(Sempre lembrarei o da en que me despediron)
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
13
Grammar Appendix
can
be able to
cant
Uses
Examples
Ability
Request
Possibility
Ability
Possibility
You will be able to find a place to park your car near the station.
Inability
Prohibition
You cant drive so fast on this motorway. Look at the speed limit!
Disbelief, deduction
Past ability
(Non podes conducir tan rpido por esta autoestrada. Mira o lmite de velocidade!)
I heard Sharon had a fatal accident, but that cant be true. I just talked to her!
(On que Sharon tivo un accidente mortal, mais non pode ser verdade. Acabo de falar con ela!)
She could use this camera when she was five years old.
(Ela saba empregar esta cmara aos cinco anos.)
Polite request
Polite suggestion
Possibility
He could break the habit of using the mobile phone in the car but he doesnt want to.
may / might
Possibility
may
could
(Poida que / Podera ser que chegue tarde debido ao trfico durante a hora punta.)
(Podo contarlle o segredo?)
need to
Necessity, obligation
have to
Necessity, obligation
Strong belief
mustnt
Prohibition
dont have to
neednt
You neednt order a pizza for dinner. I have some hamburgers in the fridge.
Formal request
Offer
must
would
(Non tes que pedir unha pizza para cear. Teo unhas hamburguesas na neveira.)
(Poderas xirar dereita, por favor?)
(Gustarache vir mia festa?)
Os verbos modais:
Son invaribeis, polo que teen unha mesma forma para
todas as persoas e non se conxugan.
Non precisan do / does para formaren a negativa nin a
interrogativa.
Sempre van seguidos dun verbo na forma base.
Be able to e have to non comparten todos estes trazos, mais
si algns dos seus usos (habilidade, obriga, etc.).
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Usos
can
Expresar habilidade ou capacidade.
Facer peticins, dar e pedir permiso.
Sinalar posibilidade.
Facer suxestins.
14
Grammar
Grammar Appendix
Appendix
be able to
Ten o mesmo significado que can, mais como can s pode
empregarse en Present Simple, no resto de tempos verbais
emprgase be able to.
cant
a forma negativa de can.
Expresar prohibicin, deducin negativa ou certeza de que
algo imposbel.
could
Expresar habilidade ou capacidade no pasado.
Facer peticins mis educadas que con can.
Sinalar posibilidade mis remota que con can.
Facer suxestins menos directas que con can.
may / might
Expresan posibilidade (mis remota cando se emprega
might) de que ocorra algo. May tamn se emprega para
dar, pedir ou rexeitar permiso, ou para facer peticins mis
formais que con can.
should / ought to
Os dous emprganse para facer recomendacins e dar
consello. Ought to case non se emprega en negativa nin en
interrogativa. Should o mis empregado dos dous.
need to
Pdese conxugar e, polo tanto, pode empregarse en todos os
tempos verbais. Expresa obriga ou necesidade.
have to
Expresa obriga ou necesidade o mesmo que must, mais
neste caso a obriga non tan forte. Como must s pode
empregarse en Present Simple, no resto de tempos verbais
empregamos have to.
must
Expresa obriga ou necesidade, especialmente cando a
impn a lei ou algun de autoridade. Ademais, expresa unha
conclusin lxica (deber de, ter que).
mustnt
Sinala prohibicin.
dont have to
Significa non ter que / non ter por qu, isto , ausencia
de obriga e de necesidade (como neednt).
neednt
Sinala que non hai obriga ou necesidade de facer algo (o
mesmo que dont have to).
would
Emprgase para pedir ou ofrecer algunha cousa de xeito
educado.
Os modais perfectos
Modal Perfects
Uses
Examples
could have
Ability to have done something It was silly to go over the speed limit. You could have had an accident.
(Foi unha parvada sobardar o lmite da velocidade. Poderas ter sufrido un accidente.)
but in fact did not
couldnt have
She lost control of her car for a moment. Something may / might have
distracted her.
must have
They must have been really scared when a car went into their lane.
should / ought to
have
shouldnt have
would have
(Meu irmn non puido ter provocado un choque frontal porque estaba no traballo.)
(Perdeu o control do coche por un momento. Algo pode / podera tela distrado.)
(Deberon de ter pasado moito medo cando un coche invadiu o seu carril.)
I should / ought to have resisted the urge to eat that chocolate cake because
(Debera ter reprimido as ganas de comer esa torta de chocolate porque estou a dieta.)
I would have taken you to the airport but my car broke down.
(Terache levado ao aeroporto mais avariuseme o coche.)
B Burlington Books
15
Grammar Appendix
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
16
Glossary
The Glossary includes vocabulary from the Students Book and the Vocabulary Builder (Workbook).
GETTING STARTED
annoying /L'mQBn/ molesto/a
anxious /'DnYiLg/ preocupado/a, inquedo/a
appreciate /L'UpAiiCBW/ apreciar; agradecer
attraction /L'WpYim/ atraccin
bargain /'VEZLm/ ganga
brand-new /VpDmX 'mqI/ enteiramente novo/a, por estrear
brave /VpMd/ valente, afouto/a
breakthrough /'VpMYepI/ avance significativo, adianto moi
importante
breathtaking /'VpCeWMYBn/ impresionante
cast /YEgW/ reparto
charity /'WiDpLWi/ beneficiencia, organizacin benfica;
caridade
come up with an idea /YJl JU rBf Dm O'XR/ propoer,
propor / ocorrrselle unha idea
conduct an experiment /YFmXJYW Dm BY'gUCpBlCmW/ dirixir un
experimento
couple /'YJUo/ parella
crime /YpOl/ delincuencia
criticise /'YpBWBgOh/ criticar
customer /'YJgWLlL/ cliente/a
deal with /'XAo rBf/ tratar; ocuparse / encargarse de
deserted /XB'hKWBX/ deserto/a
disadvantage /XBgLX'dEmWBb/ desvantaxe
doubt /XPW/ dubidar
drop out (of) /XpFU 'PW Ld/ deixar (unha actividade)
dull /XJo/ aborrecido/a, eslamiado/a
energetic /CmL'bCWBY/ enrxico/a
face /cMg/ afrontar, enfrontarse a
fake /cCBY/ falsificacin, imitacin
fall in love /cGo Bm 'oJd/ namorar(se)
fear /cR/ medo
fianc /ci'FmgM/ prometido
friendship /'cpCmXiBU/ amizade
gang /ZDn/ panda, banda da ra
go on strike /ZLH Fm 'gWpOY/ poerse / declararse en folga
hang out /kn 'PW/ pasar o tempo
helpful /'kCoUco/ servizal, ambel
hero /'kBLpN/ heroe
hilly /'kBoi/ accidentado/a
hunger /'kJnZL/ fame
ignorance /'BZmLpLmg/ ignorancia
ignore /BZ'mG/ ignorar
inequality /BmB'YrFoLWi/ desigualdade
innovate /'BmLdMW/ innovar
insulting /Bm'gJoWBn/ aldraxante, ofensivo/a
irritating /'BpBWMWBn/ irritante
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
17
Glossary
turn down /WKm 'XPm/ rexeitar; baixar (volume)
turn off /WKm 'Fc/ apagar, desenchufar (aparello)
turn on /WKm Fm/ prender, acender (aparello)
turn up /WKm JU/ subir (volume)
violence /'dOLoLmg/ violencia
waste of time /rMgW Ld 'WOl/ perda de tempo
well made /rCo 'lMX/ ben feito/a / confeccionado/a
wish well /rBi 'rCo/ desexar todo o mellor
yearbook /'qRVHY/ anuario
Functional Language
What did you do there?
Coeciches a algun
interesante?
Deica logo.
/gA qI 'oCBWL/
Was it boring?
Foi aborrecido/a?
/rLh BW 'VGpBn/
Whats up?
/rFWg 'JU/
Long time no see!
Como foi?
E ti?
UNIT 1
accent /'DYgCmW/ acento
account /L'YPmW/ relato, historia
activity /DY'WBdLWi/ actividade
advertise /'DXdLWOh/ anunciar
alone /L'oNm/ s/soa
announcement /L'mPmglLmW/ anuncio, declaracin
annoyance /L'mQLmg/ enfado, amoladura
apologise /L'UFoLbOh/ desculparse, pedir perdn
bilingual /VO'oBnZrLo/ bilinge
blame /VoMl/ culpar a, botar a culpa a
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
18
Glossary
notice (v) /'mNWBg/ ver, reparar en
place /UoMg/ lugar, sitio
pollution /UL'oIim/ polucin, contaminacin
pronounce /UpL'mPmg/ pronunciar
provide /UpL'dOX/ ofrecer, proporcionar, subministrar
punctuation /UJnYWiH'Mim/ puntuacin
quarrel /'YrFpLo/ rifar, pelexarse
raise questions /pMh 'YrCgWiLmh/ formular cuestins /
preguntas
react /pi'DYW/ reaccionar
reverse /pB'dKg/ revogar, anular, cancelar
rise /pOh/ subir, aumentar
sensible /'gCmgLVo/ asisado/a, prudente
sensitive /'gCmgLWBd/ sensbel
sign /gOm/ cartel
sign language /'gOm oDnZrBb/ lingua de signos
slang /goDn/ xerga, argot
space /gUMg/ espazo, sitio
state /gWMW/ afirmar, declarar
statement /'gWMWlLmW/ afirmacin, declaracin
suitable /'gIWLVo/ axeitado/a, acado/a
switch /grBWi/ cambiar, mudar
talk back /WGY 'VDY/ contestar mal, replicar, retrucar
talk down to (someone) /WGY 'XPm WL gJlrJm/ falar con aires
de superioridade / de maneira condescendente a (algun)
talk (someone) into /WGY gJlrJm 'BmWL/ convencer (a algun)
de que (faga algo)
talk (someone) out of /WGY gJlrJm 'PW Ld/ convencer
(a algun) de que non (faga algo)
talk (something) over /WGY gJleBn 'NdL/ falar / rifar (sobre
algo)
tell a joke /WCo L 'bNY/ contar un chiste
truth /WpIe/ verdade
truthful /'WpIeco/ sincero/a
upsetting /JU'gCWBn/ molesto/a, amolado/a, triste
valuable /'doqHLVo/ valioso/a, de valor
value /'doqI/ valor
whisper /'rBgUL/ moumear, falar en voz baixa
(be) worthwhile /VA rKe'rOo/ pagar a pena
Ao fondo...
/Bm fL 'VYZpPmX/
In the middle ... /Bm fL 'lBXo/ No medio...
Perhaps ... /UL'kDUg/
Quizais... / Se cadra...
Seica...
/'oCcWkDmX gOX/
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
/'pOWkDmX gOX/
... maybe ... /'lMVi/
... quizais...
... probabelmente...
En primeiro plano...
I suppose ...
Supoo que...
/O gL'ULHh/
They look like ...
It looks like...
Semella que...
Supoo que...
Useful Expressions
This language was invented
by ... /fBg 'oDnZrBb rLh
BmdCmWBX VO/
He / She created it because ... El / Ela creouno porque...
/kA / iA Ypi'MWBX BW VBYFh/
It is spoken / used by ...
Flano / emprgano...
popular entre...
'UFUqLoL rBf/
UNIT 2
19
Glossary
appealing /L'UAoBn/ apetecbel; atractivo/a
billboard /'VBoVGX/ valado publicitario
boot /VIW/ maleteiro
borrow /'VFpLH/ coller / pedir prestado/a
brilliant /'VpBoiLmW/ brillante, xenial
budget /'VJbBW/ orzamento
childish /'WiOoXBi/ infantil
compete /YLl'UAW/ competir
contestant /YLm'WCgWLmW/ concursante
controversial /YFmWpL'dKio/ controvertido/a, polmico/a
cut back on /YJW 'VDY Fm/ recortar, reducir
decrease /XB'YpAg/ diminur, baixar
effective /B'cCYWBd/ efectivo/a, eficaz
eviction /B'dBYim/ desaloxo
expense /BY'gUCmg/ gasto
eye-catching /'OYaBn/ rechamante
get by /ZCW 'VO/ amaarse, arranxarse
glamorous /'ZoDlLpLg/ requintado/a, elegante
huge /kqIb/ enorme, gran, grande
improve /Bl'UpId/ mellorar
income /'BmYJl/ ingresos; soldo
increase /Bm'YpAg/ aumentar; subir
instead of /Bm'gWCX Ld/ no canto de
judge /bJb/ xuz/a
keep a promise /YAU L 'UpFlBg/ cumprir unha promesa
keep a secret /YAU L 'gAYpLW/ gardar un segredo
keep (someone) company /YAU gJlrJm 'YJlULmi/ facer
compaa (a algun)
keep (ones) eyes on /YAU rJmh 'Oh Fm/ reparar en, non
perder de vista
keep in mind /YAU Bm 'lOmX/ ter en conta, ter presente,
lembrar
keep track of /YAU 'WpDY Fd/ levar a conta de, anotar
lend /oCmX/ emprestar, deixar
major /'lMbL/ importante, relevante; serio/a, grave
match /lWi/ partido; combate; misto, fsforo
misleading /lBg'oAXBn/ enganoso/a
network /'mCWrKY/ cadea; rede
odd /FX/ raro/a, estrao/a
out of /'PW Ld/ (a partir) de
over the top /NdL fL 'WFU/ esaxerado/a
overcome /NdL'YJl/ superar
owe /N/ deber (cartos)
pay a visit /UM L 'dBhBW/ facer unha visita
pay attention /UM L'WCmim/ prestar atencin
pay back /UM 'VDY/ volver (cartos, dieiro), pagar
pay the price /UM fL 'UpOg/ pagar as consecuencias
pay your own way /UM qG Nm 'rM/ custear (algo), pagar o
que lle corresponde
persuasive /UL'grMgBd/ persuasivo/a
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Expressing Opinions
What do you think?
/rFW XI qI 'eBnY/
Why do you think so?
/O 'eBnY fDW/
Personally, ...
Persoalmente, ...
/'UKgLmLoi/
I suppose ...
Supoo que...
/O gL'ULHh/
In my opinion, ...
/Bm lO L'UBmqLm/
But dont you think ...?
Useful Expressions
First of all, ...
/'cKgW Fd Go/
I believe ... /O VB'oAd/
LUBmLm/
Its a fact that ... /BWg L 'cYW fDW/ O certo / certo que...
20
Glossary
For example, ... /cL BZ'hElUo/
En resumo, ...
UNIT 3
admire /LX'lOL/ admirar
appeal to /L'UAo WL/ gustar / atraer
atmosphere /'DWlLgcR/ atmosfera, ambiente
autograph (n) /'GWLZpDc/ autgrafo
autograph (v) /'GWLZpDc/ asinar, dedicar
award /L'rGX/ premio, galardn
awesome (Am. Eng.) /'GgLl/ incrbel, formidbel
be around /VA L'pPmX/ estar presente, existir, estar
bizarre /VB'hE/ estrafalario/a, estrao/a
boo /VI/ apupar, asubiar (desaprobacin)
book a ticket /VHY L 'WBYBW/ reservar unha entrada
branch /VpEma/ sucursal, filial
break up /VpMY 'JU/ quebrar, partir (en anacos); romper
(unha relacin), separarse
call off /YGo 'Fc/ cancelar, suspender
cheer /aR/ aclamar, vitorear
clap /YoDU/ aplaudir
come down on /YJl 'XPm Fm/ ser duro/a con, criticar
duramente
costume /'YFgWqIl/ traxe; disfrace
currently /'YJpLmWoi/ arestora, actualmente
dazzling /'XDhoBn/ escintilante
disapprove of /XBgL'UpId Ld/ non ter bo concepto de
display /XB'gUoM/ expor, expoer
disturbing /XB'gWKVBn/ inquedante, preocupante
encourage /Bm'YJpBb/ animar, alentar
enthusiastic /BmeqIhi'DgWBY/ entusiasmado/a
fad /cX/ moda
fit in /cBW 'Bm/ encaixar, adaptarse; atopar tempo para
for years to come /cG 'qRh WL YJl/ por / durante moitos anos
front-row seat /'cpJmWpN gAW/ asento en primeira fila
go wild /ZLH 'rOoX/ tolear, enlouquecer, poerse coma tolo/a
hairdo /'kCLXI/ peiteado
huge hit /'kqIb kBW/ grande xito
in the spotlight /Bm fL 'gUFWoOW/ o centro de atencin, no
punto de mira
interval /'BmWLdo/ intermedio, descanso
keep at /'YAU DW/ perserverar / teimar / insistir en
lighting /'oOWBn/ iluminacin
live up to /oBd 'JU WL/ estar altura de; cumprir
look up to /oHY 'JU WL/ admirar
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Comparing Pictures
Both pictures show ...
Ambas as das
fotografas amosan...
21
Glossary
The pictures are similar
because ... /fL UBYaLh E 'gBlLoL
As fotografas son
semellantes porque...
VBYFh/
Another similarity is ...
Useful Expressions
Last week, ... /oEgW 'rAY/
A atmosfera / O
ambiente era / estaba...
Ao comezo, ...
Despois / Entn,
daquela,...
A multitude / O pblico...
It was a fantastic /
disappointing ...
Ao final, ...
/Bm fA 'CmX/
Suddenly, ... /'gJXLmoi/
De speto, ...
Afortunadamente /
Por sorte, ...
Unfortunately, .../Jm'cGaLmLWoi/
Desafortunadamente /
Por desgraza, ...
UNIT 4
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
22
Glossary
reduce /pB'XqIg/ reducir
regret /pB'ZpCW/ laiarse, lamentar, arrepentirse de
renewable energy /pBmqILVo 'CmLbi/ enerxa(s) renovbel(beis)
replace /pB'UoMg/ substitur, reemprazar, cambiar
reuse /pA'qIh/ reutilizar, volver empregar/usar
smog /glFZ/ nboa txica (mesturada con fume)
solar power /gNoL 'UPL/ enerxa solar
source /gGg/ fonte; nacemento
spoilt /gUQoW/ estragado/a, arruinado/a
supply /gL'UoO/ subministrar, proporcionar
threaten /'epCWm/ ameazar
treasure /'WpCjL/ tesouro
trial /'WpOLo/ xuzo, proceso (stand ~: ser xulgado/a /
procesado/a)
unbelievable /JmVB'oAdLVo/ incrbel, inverosmil
underestimate /JmXL'CgWBlMW/ subestimar, infravalorar
underpaid /JmXL'UMX/ mal pago/a
underweight /JmXL'rMW/ por debaixo do peso normal
undeveloped /JmXB'dCoLUW/ sen explotar
unexpected /JmBY'gUCYWBX/ inesperado/a
unspoilt /Jm'gUQoW/ no seu estado natural
urbanisation /KVLmO'hMim/ urbanizacin, crecemento urbano
waste /rMgW/ refugallos; desperdicios
water shortage /'rGWL iGWBXj/ escaseza / falta de auga
wilderness /'rBoXLmLg/ terra / terreo agreste; parque
natural (Am. Eng.)
wildlife /'rOoXoOc/ fauna
Exchanging Information
What is it?
Que iso?
Como ?
lA LVPW BW/
What are the disadvantages?
/rFW E fL XBgLX'dEmWBbBh/
Is it being used yet?
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Useful Expressions
As well as ...
Ademais, ...
/lGp'NdL/
Apparently, ...
/L'UDpLmWoi/
Consequently, ...
/'YFmgBYrLmWoi/
If ...
/Bc/
En aparencia /
Aparentemente, ...
Xa que logo / Polo
tanto, ...
Se...
In short,
Resumindo, ...
/Bm 'iGW/
Obviously, ...
Obviamente, ...
/'FVdiLgoi/
Although ...
/Go'fN/
UNIT 5
accomplished /L'YJlUoBiW/ formado/a
attack /L'WDY/ atacar, agredir
bound to /'VPmX WL/ seguro que
bread and butter /VpCX LmX 'VJWL/ sustento, medio de vida
bring home the bacon /VpBn kNl fL 'VMYLm/ gaar a vida
call the shots /YGo fL 'iFWg/ mandar, levar a voz cantante
challenge /'WiDoLmb/ supor un reto / desafo
college /'YFoBb/ universidade
confident /'YFmcBXLmW/ seguro/a, certo/a (de)
cooperative /YN'FULpLWBd/ servizal, disposto/a a axudar
daintily /'XMmWioi/ con delicadeza, delicadamente
dedicated /'XCXBYMWBX/ entregado/a
down payment /XPm 'UMlLmW/ entrada, desembolso inicial
enclose /Bm'YoNh/ inclur, conter
experienced /BY'gUBLpiLmgW/ con experiencia
fire /'cOL/ despedir / botar (do traballo)
flourish /'coJpBi/ prosperar, ir a mis, florecer
full-time job /cHoWOl 'bFV/ traballo a tempo completo
get the sack /ZCW fL 'gDY/ ser despedido/a
get training /ZCW 'WpMmBn/ prepararse, formarse, recibir
(unha) formacin
hard-working /kEX'rKYBn/ traballador/a
have got common sense /kLd ZFW YFlLm 'gCmg/ ter sentido
comn
hold down a job /kNoX XPm L 'bFV/ manterse nun posto,
conservar un emprego
in charge /Bm 'WiEb/ a cargo
23
Glossary
knowledge /'mFoBb/ coecemento(s)
make a living /lMY L 'oBdBn/ gaar a vida
mature /lL'aHL/ maduro/a
odd jobs /FX 'bFVh/ traballios, traballos espordicos
organised /'GZLmOhX/ organizado/a
overtime /'NdLWOl/ horas extra
(get) paid peanuts /ZCW UMX 'UAmJWg/ gaar / cobrar unha
miseria
part time /UEW'WOl/ media xornada, a tempo parcial
people skills /'UAUo gYBoh/ don de xentes, habilidades sociais
presume /UpB'hqIl/ supor, supoer, imaxinar
privilege /'UpBdLoBb/ privilexio, honra
promote /UpL'lNW/ ascender (be ~ed: ser ascendido/a)
propose /UpL'UNh/ propoer, propor, suxerir
punctual /'UJnYWiHLo/ puntual
pursuit /UL'gqIW/ procura, busca
raise /pMh/ criar
reliable /pB'oOLVo/ merecente de confianza, formal
resign /pB'hOm/ dimitir, renunciar
rise /pOh/ aumento, subida
run a business /pJm L 'VBhmLg/ levar / dirixir un negocio
run away /pJm L'rCB/ fuxir, escapar, marchar
see the point /gA fL 'UQmW/ atopar / ver (o) sentido, entender
o porqu
self-employed /gCocBl'UoQX/ autnomo/a
shifts /iBcWg/ quendas, turnos
show (someone) the ropes /iLH gJlrJm fL 'pNUg/ amosar /
ensinar como funciona todo (a algun)
skilled /gYBoX/ experto/a, cualificado/a
staff /gWEc/ cadro de persoal
steady job /gWCXi 'bFV/ traballo fixo
stuff /gWJc/ cousas, trebellos
substantial /gLV'gWDmio/ considerbel, importante
switch /grBWi/ cambiar / mudar de
team player /'WAl UoML/ que traballa ben en equipo
well paid /rCo 'UMX/ ben remunerado/a / pago/a
work (ones) way to the top /rKY rJmh rM WL fL 'WFU/ chegar
ao alto (por mritos propios), abrirse camio at o cume
work well under pressure /rKY rCo JmXL 'UpCiL/ traballar
ben baixo presin
zip line /'hBU oOm/ tirolesa (deporte), tirolina
A Job Interview
What are your plans for the
future?
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Cal o horario de
traballo?
Cando rematou o colexio /
os estudos?
Cales dira que son
as sas mellores
caractersticas /
cualidades?
Useful Expressions
Dear Sir / Madam,
Gustarame / Quixera
solicitar...
DUoBYMim 'cMdLpLVoi/
I look forward to your reply.
/O oHY 'cGrLX WL qG pBUoO/
Agardo a sa resposta.
Atentamente,
UNIT 6
admit /LX'lBW/ admitir, recoecer
alive /L'oOd/ vivo/a
ban /VDm/ prohibicin
bonnet /'VFmBW/ cap
boot /VIW/ maleteiro
break a habit /VpMY L 'kDVBW/ quitar / perder un hbito /
un costume
break down /VpMY 'XPm/ avariarse, derramarse
campaign /YDl'UMm/ campaa
cautious /'YGiLg/ prudente, cauteloso/a
contend /YLm'WCmX/ afirmar, soster
24
Glossary
dead end /XCX 'CmX/ ruela sen sada
delay /XB'oM/ retrasar(se)
develop /XB'dCoLU/ desenvolver, crear
distract /XB'gWpDYW/ distraer
drop off /XpFU 'Fc/ deixar (cun vehculo)
enforce /Bm'cGg/ facer cumprir
exit /'CYgBW/ sada
fancy /'cDmgi/ gustar, prestar
fatal /'cCBWo/ mortal
fine /cOm/ multa
head-on collision /kCXFm YL'oBjm/ colisin / choque frontal
hoot /kIW/ pitar, tocar o claxon
indicate /'BmXBYMW/ sinalar, indicar, sinalizar
inexperienced /BmBY'gUBLpiLmgW/ inexperto/a
jaywalk /'bMrGY/ cruzar a ra imprudentemente
junction /'bJnYim/ interseccin, cruzamento
lane /oCBm/ carril
lead to /'oAX WL/ levar / conducir a
motorist /'lNWLpBgW/ condutor/a, automobilista
motorway /'lNWLrM/ autoestrada
oncoming /'FmYJlBn/ que vn en sentido oposto / contrario
one-way /rJm'rM/ dun s sentido / sentido nico
overtake /NdL'WMY/ adiantar
pavement /'UMdlLmW/ beirarra
pedestrian /UL'XCgWpiLm/ pen/oa
pick up /UBY 'JU/ coller, recoller, ir buscar
pledge /UoCb/ compromiso, promesa
plough into /UoP 'BmWL/ estrelarse, esnafrarse / bater contra
poll /UNo/ enquisa, sondaxe
prove /UpId/ demostrar, probar
pull into /UHo 'BmWL/ deterse, parar en (vehculo)
pull over /UHo 'NdL/ facerse / parar a unha beira
put out /UHW 'PW/ difundir
reckless /'pCYoLg/ temerario/a
resist the urge /pB'hBgW fi Kb/ resistir o impulso, conter
as ganas
right of way /pOW Ld 'rM/ prioridade / preferencia (de paso)
roundabout /'pPmXLVPW/ rotonda
run over /pJm 'NdL/ atropelar
rush hour /'pJi PL/ hora punta
safe /gMc/ seguro/a, a salvo
seat belt /'gAW VCoW/ cinto de seguridade
slow down /goLH 'XPm/ reducir a velocidade, frear
slow-motion /goLH'lNim/ cmara lenta
speed limit /'gUAX oBlBW/ lmite de velocidade
speed up /gUAX 'JU/ acelerar, bulir
speeding /'gUAXBn/ exceso de velocidade
(be) stuck /VA 'gWJY/ (estar) atascado/a / parado/a
swerve /grKd/ xirar con brusquidade
tempt /WClUW/ tentar
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Reaching an Agreement
I disagree.
/O XBgL'ZpA/
No way!
/mN 'rM/
I see your point.
/O gA qG 'UQmW/
Entndote.
Not in my opinion.
/mFW Bm 'lO LUBmqLm/
Absolutely!
/DVgL'oIWoi/
OK, so weve decided ...
/N 'YJl Fm/
Useful Expressions
I (strongly) think / feel /
believe
/O (gWpFnoi) 'eBnY / 'cAo/ VB'oAd
Penso / Coido
(firmemente) que...
fDW/
In my opinion,
/Bm lO L'UBmqLm/
25
Glossary
Personally, ...
Persoalmente, ...
/'UKgLmLoi/
Theres no doubt that ...
Por exemplo...
como...
To sum up
Para resumir...,
En resumidas contas
/Bm YLm'YoIjm/
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
26
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
sit down:sentar(se)
slow down:reducir a velocidade, frear
speed up:acelerar, bulir
stand for:significar
stand out:salientar, destacar
stand up for:defender(se)
start out with:comezar con
start up:acender, comezar
take after:asemellarse / sar a
take off:despegar; comezar a ter xito
take on:contratar
take part in:participar en
talk back:contestar mal, retrucar
talk down to:falar con aires de superioridade / de maneira
condescendente a
talk into:convencer de que (se faga algo)
talk out of:convencer de que non (se faga algo)
talk over:falar / rifar sobre
try on:probarse (roupa)
turn back:volver, voltar, regresar
turn down:rexeitar; baixar (o volume)
turn in:entregar
turn into:converter en
turn off:apagar, desenchufar (aparello)
turn on:acender (aparello)
turn out:resultar; asistir, acudir
turn to:acudir a (algun)
turn up:subir (volume)
watch out:ter coidado / conta de
work out:funcionar
write down:apuntar, anotar
27
Prepositions
Prepositions
Verbs + Prepositions
admit to:confesarse (culpbel de)
agree on:estar de acordo en
agree with:estar de acordo con
aim to:ter o obxectivo de
appeal to:gustar / atraer a
appear in:aparecer en
argue with:rifar con
arrive at:chegar a (un lugar)
arrive in:chegar a (unha cidade, un pas)
believe in:crer en
belong to:pertencer a
break up with:afastarse, separarse de, romper con
compete with:competir con
concentrate on:concentrarse en
connect to:asociar a, relacionar con
criticise for:criticar por
deal with:tratar; ocuparse / encargarse de
depend on:depender de
direct to:sinalar onde est, dirixir a
dream of:soar con; imaxinarse, ocorrerse
forget about:esquecerse de
hear about:saber de
identify with: identificarse con
lead to: levar / conducir a
listen to:escoitar (a)
participate in:practicar (un deporte); participar / tomar
parte en
pay for:pagar (por)
prepare for:preparar(se) para
provide for:proporcionar a / para
rely on:confiar en
remind of:lembrar, recordar
result in:ter como resultado
return to:volver / regresar a
search for:procurar, buscar
succeed in:ter xito / triunfar en
switch to:mudar / cambiar a
talk about:falar sobre
talk to / with:falar con
think about:opinar (sobre), parecer, semellar, pensar /
matinar en
think of:pensar en
wait for:agardar a
write about:escribir sobre
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Nouns + Prepositions
account of:relato / historia de / sobre
chance of:oportunidade de
demand for:demanda / solicitude de
effect on:efecto / influencia sobre
end of:final de
example of:exemplo de
form of:forma / xeito de
group of:grupo de
increase in:aumento en / de
intention of:intencin de
need for:necesidade de
part of: parte de
reason for:motivo de / razn para
sense of: sensacin de
series of: serie / sucesin de
solution to:solucin a / de
source of:fonte de
team of:grupo de
way of:forma / xeito / maneira de
Adjectives + Prepositions
associated with:relacionado/a con, asociado/a a
based on:baseado/a en
charged with:acusado/a de
created by:creado/a por
destructive to:danio/a, negativo/a para
different from:diferente / desemellante / distinto de
evicted from:desaloxado/a de
exposed to:exposto/a a
good at:bo/a (en / para)
interested in:interesado/a en
invented by:inventado/a por
involved in:metido/a implicado/a involucrado/a en
mad about:entusiasmado/a por; encantado/a con
raised by:formulado/a por
relevant to:relevante / importante para
replaced by:reemprazado/a substitudo/a por
similar to:semellante / parecido/a a
tired of:canso/a de
upset with:enfadado/a molesto/a con (algun)
willing to:disposto/a a
worried about:preocupado/a por
28
Irregular Verbs
Base Form (V1)
be /VA/
beat /VAW/
become/VB'YJl/
begin /VB'ZBm/
bend /VCmX/
bet /VCW/
bite /VOW/
bleed /VoAX/
blow /VoLH/
break /VpMY/
bring /VpBn/
build /VBoX/
burn /VKm/
burst /VKgW/
buy /VO/
catch /Ya/
choose /aIh/
come /YJl/
cost /YFgW/
cut /YJW/
deal /XAo/
dig /XBZ/
do /XI/
draw /XpG/
dream /XpAl/
drink /XpBnY/
drive /XpOd/
eat /AW/
fall /cGo/
feed /cAX/
feel /cAo/
fight /cOW/
find /cOmX/
fly /coO/
forget /cL'ZCW/
forgive /cL'ZBd/
freeze /cpAh/
get /ZCW/
give /ZBd/
go /ZN/
grow /ZpN/
hang /kn/
have /kd/
hear /kBL/
hide /kOX/
hit /kBW/
hold /kNoX/
hurt /kKW/
keep /YAU/
know /mN/
lay /oCB/
lead /oAX/
learn /oKm/
leave /oAd/
lend /oCmX/
Contrast 2 Galician
Galego
ser, estar
golpear, bater
chegar a ser, converterse
comezar, empezar
dobrar(se)
apostar
trabar
sangrar
soprar
crebar, romper, rachar
traer
construr
queimar
estoupar, estourar
mercar
coller, agarrar
elixir
vir
custar
cortar
comerciar, tratar
cavar, sachar
facer
debuxar
soar
beber
conducir
comer
caer
alimentar
sentir(se)
loitar, pelexar
atopar
voar
esquecer
perdoar
conxelar(se)
conseguir; chegar
dar
ir
crecer; cultivar
pendurar
ter
or, ouvir
agochar(se)
golpear, bater, pegar
suxeitar, soster, termar de
ferir, facer dano, mancar
gardar, manter
saber, coecer
poer, pr; estender
guiar, conducir
aprender
deixar; irse, sar
emprestar
29
Irregular Verbs
Base Form (V1)
let /oCW/
lie /oO/
lie /oO/ (regular verb)
light /oOW/
lose /oIh/
make /lCBY/
mean /lAm/
meet /lAW/
pay /UM/
put /UHW/
read /pAX/
ride /pOX/
ring /pBn/
rise /pOh/
run /pJm/
say /gM/
see /gA/
sell /gCo/
send /gCmX/
set /gCW/
sew /gN/
shake /iMY/
shine /iOm/
shoot /iIW/
show /iLH/
shut /iJW/
sing /gBn/
sink /gBnY/
sit /gBW/
sleep /goAU/
smell /glCo/
speak /gUAY/
spell /gUCo/
spend /gUCmX/
spill /gUBo/
spoil /gUQo/
spread /gUpCX/
spring /gUpBn/
stand /gWmX/
steal /gWAo/
stick /gWBY/
sting /gWBn/
swear /grCL/
sweep /grAU/
swim /grBl/
take /WMY/
teach /WAa/
tear /WCL/
tell /WCo/
think /eBnY/
throw /epN/
understand /JmXC'gWmX/
wake up /'rMY JU/
wear /rCL/
win /rBm/
write /pOW/
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Galego
permitir, deixar
tombarse, deitarse
mentir
acender, prender
perder
facer, fabricar
significar, querer dicir
coecer a; quedar con
pagar
poer, pr
ler
montar
chamar (por telfono)
elevarse, erguerse
correr
dicir
ver
vender
enviar
colocar
coser
axitar
brillar, escintilar
disparar
amosar, ensinar
pechar
cantar
afundir
sentar
durmir
ulir, cheirar
falar
soletrear
gastar; pasar (tempo)
verter
arruinar, estragar
untar; espallar
choutar, brincar
estar a p
roubar
apegar
picar (un insecto)
xurar
varrer
nadar
coller; levar
aprender, ensinar
rachar, esgazar
dicir, contar
coidar, pensar
guindar, tirar
comprender, entender
espertar
levar posto, poerse
gaar
escribir
30
Cadros resumo
CADROS RESUMO DAS EQUIVALENCIAS DOS
TEMPOS VERBAIS ENTRE O INGLS E O GALEGO
LEMBRA: os tempos verbais do Subxuntivo galego tradcense en ingls polos seus correspondentes en indicativo.
As, o Presente de Subxuntivo, o Futuro de Subxuntivo e o Pretrito Imperfecto de Subxuntivo traduciranse igual ca o
Presente, o Futuro e o Pretrito Imperfecto de Indicativo, respectivamente.
Tempos verbais
Tenses
presente
present simple
Eu ando
Ti andas
El/Ela anda
Ns andamos
Vs andades
Eles/Elas andan
I walk
You walk
He/She walks
We walk
You walk
They walk
present continuous
I am walking
You are walking
He/She is walking
We are walking
You are walking
They are walking
pretrito imperfecto
Eu andaba
Ti andabas
El/Ela andaba
Ns andabamos
Vs andabades
Eles/Elas andaban
pretrito perfecto
Eu andei
Ti andaches
El/Ela andou
Ns andamos
Vs andastes
Eles/Elas andaron
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
past continuous
I was walking
You were walking
He/She was walking
We were walking
You were walking
They were walking
Outras
equivalencias
perfrase
past simple
I walked
You walked
He/She walked
We walked
You walked
They walked
present perfect
I have walked
You have walked
He/She has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
perfrase
Eu teo andado
Ti tes andado
El/Ela ten andado
Ns temos andado
Vs tedes andado
Eles/Elas teen andado
31
Cadros Resumo
Outras
equivalencias
Tempos verbais
Tenses
Pretrito
pluscuamperfecto
past perfect
perfrase
Eu andara
Ti andaras
El/Ela andara
Ns andaramos
Vs andarades
Eles/Elas andaran
I had walked
You had walked
He/She had walked
We had walked
You had walked
They had walked
Eu tia andado
Ti tias andado
El/Ela tia andado
Ns tiamos andado
Vs tiades andado
Eles/Elas tian andado
Futuro
will
Eu andarei
Ti andars
El/Ela andar
Ns andaremos
Vs andaredes
Eles/Elas andarn
I will walk
You will walk
He/She will walk
We will walk
You will walk
They will walk
Futuro do pretrito
conditional
Eu andara
Ti andaras
El/Ela andara
Ns andariamos
Vs andariades
Eles/Elas andaran
I would walk
You would walk
He/She would walk
We would walk
You would walk
They would walk
infinitivo conxugado
infinitive / gerund
Eu andar
Ti andares
El/Ela andar
Ns andarmos
Vs andardes
Eles/Elas andaren
Para a traducin do Future Perfect e Future Continuous repasa os puntos correspondentes na seccin Getting
Started deste mesmo apndice gramatical.
Contrast 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
IH-009-654
32