Table of Contents

Course Guide

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Topic 1

What is Management?
1.1 Definition of Management
1.2 Who are Managers?
1.2.1 Functions of Management
1.2.2 Roles of a Manager
1.2.3 Skills of a Manager
1.3 Types of Managers
1.4 Evolution of Management Theory
1.4.1 Classical Perspective
1.4.2 Human Perspective
1.4.3 Quantitative Management Approach
1.4.4 Contemporary Approach
Summary
Key Terms

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Topic 2

Planning
2.1 Definition of Planning
2.2 How to Plan Effectively?
2.3 Types of Planning
2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Planning
2.4.1 Advantages of Planning
2.4.2 Disadvantages of Planning
Summary
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Topic 3

Decision Making
3.1 Decision-Making Environment
3.1.1 Decision Making in Certain Conditions
3.1.2 Decision Making in Uncertain Conditions
3.1.3 Decision Making in Risky Conditions
3.2 Rational Decision-Making Process
3.3 Limitations in Rational Decision Making
3.3.1 Common Mistakes in Decision Making
3.3.2 Bounded Rationality
3.3.3 Risky Environment

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3.4

How to Improve Decision Making

3.4.1 Using Rules and Tests
3.4.2 Using Groups
3.5 Group Decision-Making Methods
3.5.1 Brainstorming
3.5.2 Nominal Group Technique
3.5.3 Delphi Technique
3.5.4 Advantages of Group Decision Making
3.5.5 Disadvantages of Group Decision Making
Summary
Key Terms

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Topic 4

Organisation Design
4.1 Factors that Influence Organisational Structure
4.1.1 Organisational Strategy
4.1.2 Size of the Organisation
4.1.3 Technology
4.1.4 Environment
4.2 Designing Organisational Structures
4.2.1 Departmentalisation
4.3 Authority
4.3.1 Chain of Command
4.3.2 Line and Staff Authority
4.3.3 Line and Staff Functions
4.3.4 Span of Control
4.4 Centralisation and Decentralisation
4.5 Work Design
4.5.1
Work Specialisation
4.5.2
Job Rotation, Enlargement and Enrichment
4.6 Organisation Process Design
4.6.1 Emerging New Organisational Designs
Summary
Key Terms

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Topic 5

Human Resource Management

5.1 Determining the Needs of Human Resources
5.1.1 Job Analysis
5.1.2 Forecasting
5.2 Recruitment/Hiring
5.2.1 Internal Recruitment
5.2.2 External Recruitment

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Topic 6

Topic 7

5.3

Selection of Qualified Employees

5.3.1 Application Forms and Resume
5.3.2 References and Background Checking
5.3.3 Selection Tests
5.3.4 Interviews
5.4 Development of Qualified Employees
5.4.1 Orientation
5.4.2 Training
5.4.3 Determining the Needs for Training
5.4.4 Training Methods
5.5 Performance Evaluation
5.5.1 Who Should Evaluate?
5.5.2 Methods for Performance Evaluation
5.6 Retaining Qualified Employees
5.7 Employee Separation
5.7.1 Employee Termination
5.7.2 Downsizing
5.7.3 Retirement
5.7.4 Employee Turnover
Summary
Key Terms

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Communication in Organisations
6.1 Definition of Communication
6.2 Types of Communication
6.2.1 Formal Communication
6.2.2 Informal Communication
6.2.3 Non-verbal Communication
6.3 Increasing Communication Effectiveness
6.3.1 Communication Barriers
6.3.2 Measures for Overcoming Communication
Barriers
Summary
Key Terms

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Motivation
7.1 Classical Model and Scientific Management
7.1.1 Approaches to Motivation
7.2 Need-based Approach
7.2.1 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
7.2.2 Two-Factor Model
7.2.3 Acquired Needs Theory

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7.3

Process-based Approaches
7.3.1 Expectancy Theory
7.3.2 Equity Theory
7.3.3 Goal-setting Model
7.3.4 Reinforcement Model
Summary
Key Terms

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Topic 8

Leadership
8.1 Leadership Approaches
8.1.1 Leader-Centred Approach
8.1.2 Follower-Centred Approach
8.1.3 Interactive Approaches
8.2 Strategic Leadership
8.2.1 Visionary Leadership
8.2.2 Charismatic Leadership
8.2.3 Transactional Leadership
8.2.4 Transformational Leadership
Summary
Key Terms

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Topic 9

Controlling
9.1 Definition of Control
9.1.1 Quality Assurance
9.1.2 Preparation to Face Changes
9.2 Steps in the Control Process
9.2.1 Establishing Standards
9.2.2 Measuring Performance and Making
Comparisons
9.2.3 Corrective Actions
9.3 Dynamic Process
9.4 Basic Methods of Control
9.4.1 Pre-Control
9.4.2 Concurrent Control
9.4.3 Feedback Control
9.5 Forms of Control
9.5.1 Bureaucratic Control
9.5.2 Objective Control
9.5.3 Normative Control
9.5.4 Concertive Control
9.5.5 Self Control

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9.6

Factors that Need to be Controlled

9.6.1 Finance
9.6.2 Human Resources
9.6.3 Internal Operations
9.6.4 Customers
Summary
Key Terms

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Topic 10

Managing Teams
10.1 Differences between Teams and Groups
10.2 Advantages of Teams
10.3 Disadvantages of Teams
10.4 When is a Team Needed?
10.5 Types of Teams
10.6 Characteristics of Teams
10.6.1 Team Norms
10.6.2 Team Unity
10.6.3 Team Conflict
10.6.4 Phases of Team Development
10.7 Towards Building a High-Performance Team
Summary
Key Terms

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Topic 11

Innovation and Change

11.1 Why is Innovation Important?
11.1.1 Technology Cycle
11.2 Managing Innovation
11.2.1 Managing Innovation Resources
11.3 Organisational Change
11.3.1 Forces of Change
11.4 Managing Change
11.4.1 Aspects that Can be Changed by Change
Agents
11.5 Barriers to Change
11.5.1 Individual Barriers
11.5.2 Organisational Barriers
11.6 Overcoming the Barriers to Change
11.7 Ways to Manage Change
Summary
Key Terms

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Answers

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