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3 AUTHORS, INCLUDING:
Yongheng Shang
Hao Luo
Zhejiang University
19 PUBLICATIONS 32 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
SEE PROFILE
2012 Second International Conference on Instrumentation & Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control
I.
INT RODUCT ION
The single-channel monopulse tracking system [1,2] is with
high accuracy, stable effect and simp le implementation, it has
therefore been widely used in various types of modern TT&C
stations, remote sensing ground stations, reconnaissance signal
receiving stations, and the tracking systems of fixed and mobile
satellite earth stations. However, before the channel synthesis,
the single-channel tracking mechanism is still div ided into the
sum channel and the differential channel, thus there are
inconsistencies which have the impact on the tracking error
voltage demodulation phase and gain, therefore, at regular
intervals, we should calibrate the phase difference between the
sum and differential channels of the single-channel single-pulse
tracking system. With the development of the aerospace
industry and the increasing of the number of spacecrafts in
orbit, it is required to manage multiple spacecrafts of the
1
(5)
r2 (t ) cos(1t
1 )
The phase demodulation result is actually the above
reference signal multip lied by the output signal of the phaselocked loop. Setting the gain to 1, we have:
r1 (t ) u (t ) sin(1t
1 ) kb cos 1t kb
(6)
sin(1t
1 ) cos(1t
)k (t )
After filtering the high-frequency components in Eq. (6),
the reference signal based on Eq. (3) is used to demodulate, and
the normalized azimuth and pitch error voltage can be obtained
as follows:
Pitch
Satellite
A r1 (t ) u (t ) k ' sin(
1 )
O
Direction of
antenna
electrical
boresight
(4)
(7)
(8)
E r2 (t ) u (t ) k cos(
1 )
When 1 , that is, the phase difference is equal to the
phase shift value, the above equation can be simplified to:
'
Target
direction
Azimuth
A r1 (t ) u (t ) k ' sin
(9)
E r2 (t ) u (t ) k ' cos
The error voltage value obtained fro m Eq. (8) is sampled at
a certain sampling frequency (in engineering, generally 20
times per second) and sent to the servo system for feedback
processing in order to control the antenna axis to constantly
converge to the target until the satellite is stably captured. For
each sample point, the target tracking angle is calculated as
follows:
Ground
antenna
Figure 1. Angle relationship between the antenna axis and the satellite.
(1)
n1 n K n
(10)
(2)
u (t ) b cos(t
)
Where b is the amplitude of the sum signal, is the slope of
the normalized error signal with 12 2 2 ,
1 denotes the angle between the target satellite in
arctan( )
2
the target plane and the X axis, is the angle between the
direction of the antenna electrical boresight and the satellite,
denotes the frequency of the tracking signal during satellite
down-transmission, and denotes the phase difference
between the sum signal and the differential signal before
combination. Assume the modulation signal for the
differential channel is a square wave as follows:
1
2nT t 2nt
2
k (t )
1 2nt t 2nT T
2
Thus, the output of the PLL is
(3)
(11)
574
(12)
A.
Principle Analysis
Through qualitative analysis of the convergence curve of
the error voltage, we find that we can use the infinitesimal
method in curve fitting in order to determine the quantitative
relationship between the curve and the phase difference
between the sum and differential channels. Since the whole
error voltage curve can be viewed as a curve consisting of
many straight line segments between samples with very small
intervals, we can use the infinitesima l method to analyze the
curve.
U E'
k sin( ) sin cos cos sin (13)
U A' k cos( ) cos cos
sin sin
On the other hand, the direction slope of the exact error
voltage adjustment can be calculated as follows
k1
U E sin
(14)
U A cos
Since there is an angle between O(U A' ,U E' ) and
O(U A ,U E ) according to the formula for calcu lating the angle
k2
UE
(U'A,U'E)
(U'1A,U'1E)
(UA,UE)
k1
k2
(15)
tan
1 k1k2
Therefore, we can conclude that, during the tracking
process, for each period of sampling interval, the angle
between the actual adjustment direction of the demodulated
error voltage and the direction of the demodulated error voltage
pointing to O is equal to the phase difference between sum
and differential channels.
(U1A,U1E)
tan
UA
y
(16)
x tan
yy
1
x
Solving above differential equation, we have the fitting
expression:
y
575
y
y2
y
x
tan
ln C ( x 2 y 2 )
Where C is a fixed system constant.
2 arctan
V. CONCLUSIONS
(17)
(18)
1 n
(19)
arctan i
n i 1
By adding the obtained to the phase shifter of the
differential channel, we can comp lete the entire operation of
phase calibration.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 3. T he simulation results.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
576