Short-Circuit Analysis

IEC AND ANSI Standard

1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit IEC

Purpose of Short-Circuit
Studies
A Short-Circuit Study can be used to determine
any or all of the following:
- Verify protective device close and latch capability
- Verify protective device interrupting capability
- Protect equipment from large mechanical forces
(maximum fault kA)
- I2t protection for equipment (thermal stress)
- Selecting ratings or settings for relay coordination
1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit IEC

Slide 2

Types of Short-Circuit Faults

1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit IEC

Slide 3

Types of Short-Circuit Faults

Types of SC Faults
Three-Phase Ungrounded Fault
Three-Phase Grounded Fault
Phase to Phase Ungrounded Fault
Phase to Phase Grounded Fault
Phase to Ground Fault

Fault Current
IL-G can range in utility systems from a few percent to
possibly 115 % ( if Xo < X1 ) of I3-phase (85% of all
faults).
In industrial systems the situation IL-G > I3-phase is rare.
Typically IL-G
=0.87 * I3-phase
In an industrial system, the three-phase fault condition
is frequently the only one considered, since this type of
fault generally results in Maximum current.
1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit IEC

Slide 4

v(t)

v(t) Ri

i(t)

di

Vm Sin( t

dt
Solving equation 1yieldsthefollowing
i(t)

Vm

sin( t
Steady State

1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit IEC

- )

Vm

(1)
expression

sin( - )

R
L

Transient
(DC Off set)

Slide 6

AC Current (Symmetrical) with

No AC Decay

DC Current

1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit IEC

Slide 7

AC Fault Current Including the

DC Offset (No AC Decay)

1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit IEC

Slide 8

Symmetrical Fault
A three phase symmetrical fault is caused by application of three equal fault
impedances to the three phases

1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit IEC

Slide 27

Unsimetrical Faults
Faults in which the balanced state of the network is disturbed are called
unsymmetrical or unbalanced
faults

Symmetrical Components

1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit IEC

Slide 29

L-G Fault Sequence

Network Connections

If

If

3 I a0
3 V Prefault

Z1 Z2

if Z g

1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit IEC

Z0

Slide 31

L-L Fault Sequence Network

Connections

I a2

I a1

If

3 V Prefault
Z1 Z
2

1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit IEC

Slide 32

L-L-G Fault Sequence

Network Connections
Ia2
If

I a1

0 Ia

V Prefault
ZZ
0 2
Z1
Z0 Z 2

if Z g

1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit IEC

Ia0

Slide 33

RUNNING SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

From the Mode toolbar, select the short circuit mode by clicking on the
Short-Circuit Analysis button

toolbar you can select the name of the output report as one
already defined or Prompt. If Prompt is selected then prior to
running the Short Circuit Analysis you

RUNNING SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Single Line Diagram Example

RUNNING SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

From the Study Case toolbar, click the Edit Study Case button.

RUNNING SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

You can now run a short circuit (duty) study by clicking on the Run 3-Phase Device Duty button on
the ANSI Short Circuit toolbar. If Prompt was selected as the output report in the Study Case
toolbar, you will be prompted to enter a name for your output report.

There are four other types of studies besides the 3-Phase ANSI that can be performed under the
ANSI standard setting. In addition, three studies according to the IEC set of standards can be
performed. The ANSI methods are the default for short circuit studies, but this can be changed in
the Standard page of the Short Circuit Study Case editor.

RUNNING SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

The results of the Device Duty Short Circuit calculation are displayed on the one-line. Changing
the settings in the short circuit Display Options can modify the results displayed and their
format on the one-line.

SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS RESULT

RUNNING SHORT CIRCUIT RESULT

To view the output report click on Report Manager from the Short Circuit toolbar, and go to the
Result page and select Short Circuit Report.