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Department of Metallurgical And Materials Engineering (MM)

B. Tech. Curriculum
FIRST SEMESTER
(COMMON TO ALL BRANCHES)

Sl. No
1
2
3
4
5

Sub. Code
MA 01
EM 01
EG 51
WS 51
EA 51

Subject
Mathematics - I
Engineering Mechanics
Engineering Graphics
Workshop Practice-I
Co-Curricular Activities
TOTAL

L
0
3
1
0
0
4

T
0
0
0
0
0
0

S
3
0
3
3
3
12

C
3
3
3
2
1
12

L
3
3
0
0
0
6

T
1
0
0
0
0
1

S
0
0
3
3
3
9

C
4
3
2
2
1
12

L
3
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
15

T
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

S
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
9

C
3
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
22

SECOND SEMESTER
(COMMON TO ALL BRANCHES)

Sl. No
1
2
3
4
5

Sub. Code
MA 02
HS 02
EM 51
WS 52
EA 52

Subject
Mathematics - II
Engineering Economics & Accountancy
Graphical Analysis using CAD
Workshop Practice-II
Co-Curricular Activities
TOTAL

THIRD SEMESTER
Sl. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Sub. Code
MA 03
MM 301
MM 302
MS 331
CS 332
MM 351
MM 352
CS 382

Subject
Mathematics-III
Introduction to Metallurgy and Materials
Principle of Extractive Metallurgy
Optimization Technique
Programming and Data Structure
Introduction to Metallurgy and Materials Lab
Principles of Extractive Metallurgy Lab
Programming and Data Structure Lab
TOTAL

FOURTH SEMESTER
Sl. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Sub. Code
MM 401
MM 402
MM 403
MM 404
GE 432
MM 451
MM 452
GE 482

L
3
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
15

T
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

S
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
9

C
4
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
22

Subject
Foundry Technology
Testing of Materials
Heat Treatment of Metals & Alloys
Transport Phenomena
Open Elective - I

L
3
3
3
3

T
0
0
0
1

S
0
0
0
0
0

C
3
3
3
4
3

Foundry Technology Laboratory


Testing of Materials Laboratory
Heat Treatment of Metals and Alloys Lab
TOTAL

0
0
0
15

0
0
0
1

3
3
3
9

2
2
2
22

L
3
3

T
0
1

S
0
0

C
3
4

3
3
3
0
0
0
15

0
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
3
3
3
9

3
3
3
2
2
2
22

Subject
Thermodynamics of Materials
Phase Transformation & Phase Equilibria
Iron Making
X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Microscopy
Economic Geology
Thermodynamic of Materials Laboratory
Phase Transformation & Phase Equilibria Lab
Economic Geology Laboratory
TOTAL

FIFTH SEMESTER
Sl. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Sub. Code
MM 501
MM 502
MM 503
MM 504
YY 54 *
(MM 541)
MM 551
MM 552
MM 553

SIXTH SEMESTER
Sl. No
1
2

Sub. Code
MS 631
MM 601

3
4
5
6
7
8

MM 602
MM 603
MM 604
MM 651
MM 652
HS 681

Subject
Principles of Management
Imperfection & Deformation Behavior of
Materials
Engineering Materials
Metal Forming Technology
Steel Making
Imperfection & Deformation
Engineering Materials Laboratory
Professional Communication
TOTAL

SEVENTH SEMESTER
Sl. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Sub. Code
MM 701
MM 702
MM 710-719
MM 721-729
MM 751
MM 752
MM753
MM 754
MM 755

L
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
12

T
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

S
0
0
0
0
3
3
2
6
0
14

C
4
3
3
3
2
2
1
3
1
22

Subject
Departmental Elective - III
Departmental Elective - IV
Open Elective II

L
3
3
3

T
0
0
0

S
0
0
0

C
3
3
3

Departmental Laboratory
Departmental Laboratory
Seminar-II
Project Work-II
Viva-voce
TOTAL

0
0
0
0
0
9

0
0
0
0
0
0

3
3
2
12
0
20

2
2
1
6
2
22

Subject
Mathematical Modeling & Simulation
Corrosion & Degradation of Materials
Departmental Elective I
Departmental Elective II
Mathematical Modeling & Simulation Laboratory
Materials Characterization Laboratory
Seminar-I
Project Work-I
Vocational Training / Summer Internship
TOTAL

EIGHTH SEMESTER
Sl. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Sub. Code
MM 810-19
MM 820-29
YY-83 *
(XE 831)
MM 851
MM 852
MM 853
MM 854
MM 855

Departmental Elective I
MM 710
Functional Materials
MM 711
Fatigue, Creep & Fracture
MM 712
Failure Analysis
Departmental Elective- II
MM 720
Alternative Routes of Iron Making
MM 721
Powder Metallurgy
MM 722
Surface Engineering
MM 723
Fuels & Furnaces
Departmental Elective- III
MM 810
Experimental Techniques in Metallurgy
MM 811
Refractory & Ceramics
MM 812
Nano-Structure Materials and their Applications
MM 813
Nano-Ceramics and Composites
3

Departmental Elective- IV
MM 820
Metal Joining
MM 821
Strengthening of Metals & Alloys
MM 822
Composite Materials
MM 823
Non-destructive Testing of Metals
MM 824
Secondary Steel Making
MM 825
Advances in Iron & Steel Making
* Open Elective- I
MM 541
Basic Manufacturing Process
Open Electives- 2
XE 841
Human Resource Management

SUMMARY OF COURSES

Sub Discipline:

DEPARTMENTAL CORE

SUBJECT
CODE

SUBJECT

L-T-P

CREDIT

DEVELOPER

MM 301

Introduction to Metallurgy and Materials

3-1-0

DR.J.MAITY &
DR. D.K. MONDAL

MM302

Principles of Extractive Metallurgy

3-0-0

MR. R.N.RAY &


DR. S. PRAMANIK

MM401

Thermodynamics of Materials

3-1-0

DR. S.K.MITRA &


DR. M.K.MONDAL

MM402

Phase Transformation & Phase Equilibria

3-0-0

DR.J.MAITY &
DR. D.K. MONDAL

MM 403

Iron Making

3-0-0

MR. R.N.RAY &


DR. S. PRAMANIK

MM 404

X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Microscopy

3-0-0

DR. B.K.SHOW

MM 501

Foundry Technology

3-0-0

DR. S. PRAMANIK &


DR. B.MAJI

MM502

Testing of Materials

3-0-0

DR. A. BHATTACHARYA
& DR. M.M.GHOSH

MM 503

Heat Treatment of Metals and Alloys

3-0-0

DR. K.S.GHOSH &


DR. D.MANDAL

MM 504

Transport Phenomena

3-1-0

DR. S.K.MITRA,
DR. S.PRAMANIK &
DR. M.K.MONDAL

MM 601

Imperfection & Deformation Behaviour of


Materials

3-1-0

MR. R.N.RAY &


DR. M.M.GHOSH

MM 602

Engineering Materials

3-0-0

DR. K.S.GHOSH &


DR. D.MANDAL

MM 603

Metal Forming Technology

3-0-0

MR. R.N.RAY &


DR. M.M.GHOSH

MM 604

Steel Making

3-0-0

DR. A. GANGULY

MM 701

Mathematical Modeling & Simulation

3-1-0

DR. S.PRAMANIK &


DR. M.K.MONDAL

MM 702

Corrosion and Degradation of Materials

3-0-0

DR. K.S.GHOSH

Sub Discipline:

DEPARTMENTAL ELECTIVES

SUBJECT
CODE

SUBJECT

L-T-P

CREDIT

MM 711

Fatigue, Creep & Fracture

3-0-0

MM 720

Alternative Routes of Iron Making

3-0-0

DR. A. GANGULY

MM 721

Powder Metallurgy

3-0-0

DR. M.MALLIK

MM 811

Refractories & Ceramics

3-0-0

MR. R.N.RAY &


DR. S.PRAMANIK

MM 820

Metal Joining

3-0-0

Sub Discipline:

DEVELOPER

DR. A. BHATTACHARYA
& DR. B.K.SHOW

DR. K.S.GHOSH

NON-DEPARTMENTAL CORE

SUBJECT
CODE

SUBJECT

L-T-P

CREDIT

DEVELOPER

MM 631

Material Science

3-0-0

DR. M.MALLIK &


DR. B.MAJI

DEVELOPER

Sub Discipline:

DEPARTMENTAL NON-CORE

SUBJECT COD

SUBJECT

L-T-P

CREDIT

MA-03

Mathematics-III

3-0-0

MS 331

Optimization Technique

3-0-0

CS 332

Programming & Data Structure

3-0-0

GE 432

Economic Geology

3-0-0

MS 631

Principles of Management

3-0-0

Sub Discipline: OPEN ELECTIVES


SUBJECT
CODE

SUBJECT

L-T-P

CREDIT

DEVELOPER

MM 541

Basic Manufacturing Process

3-0-0

DR. D.MANDAL &


DR. B.MAJI

XE-541

Leadership and Entrepreneurship

3-0-0

Dr. S. Pramanik

XE 841

Human Resource Management

3-0-0

Dr. S. Pramanik

Sub Discipline: LABORATORY & SESSIONAL COURSES


SUBJECT
CODE

SUBJECT

L-T-P

CREDIT

DEVELOPER

MM 351

Introduction to Metallurgy and Materials


Laboratory

0-0-3

DR. D.K. MONDAL


& DR.J.MAITY

MM 352

Principles of Extractive Metallurgy


Laboratory

0-0-3

MR. R.N. RAY &


DR. S. PRAMANIK

CS 382

Programming and Structure Laboratory


(Non-Core)

0-0-3

Concerned faculty

MM 451

Thermodynamics of Materials Laboratory

0-0-3

DR. S.K.MITRA &


DR. M.K.MONDAL

MM 452

Phase Transformation and Phase Equilibria


Laboratory

0-0-3

DR. D.K. MONDAL


& DR.J.MAITY

GE 482

Economic Geology Laboratory


( Non- Core)

0-0-3

Concerned faculty

MM 551

Foundry Technology Laboratory

0-0-3

DR. S.PRAMANIK &


DR. B.MAJI

MM 552

Testing of Materials Laboratory-I

0-0-3

DR. A.BHATTACHARYA

MM 553

Heat Treatment of Metals and Alloys


Laboratory

0-0-3

DR. D.MANDAL

MM 651

Imperfection & Deformation Laboratory

0-0-3

MR. R.N.RAY

MM 652

Engineering Materials Laboratory

0-0-3

DR. D.MANDAL &


DR. M.MALLIK

HS 681

Professional Communication
(Non- Core)

0-0-3

Concerned faculty

MM 751

Mathematical Modeling & Simulation


Laboratory

0-0-3

DR. S.PRAMANIK &


DR. M.K.MONDAL

MM 752

Materials Characterization Laboratory

0-0-3

DR. B.K.SHOW

MM 851

Metal Joining

0-0-3

DR. B.MAJI

MM 852

Testing of Materials-II

0-0-3

DR. B.K.SHOW &


DR. M.MALLIK

Sub Discipline: PROJECT, SEMINAR etc.


MM 753

Seminar-I

0-0-2

DR. A.BHATTACHARYA &


DR. D.MANDAL

MM 754

Project Work-I

0-0-6

ALL FACULTY MEMBERS

MM 755

Vocational Training / Summer Internship

0-0-0

DR. D.K.MONDAL,
MR. R.N.RAY,
DR. A. BHATTACHARYA &
DR. D.MANDAL

MM 853

Seminar-II

0-0-2

DR. D.MANDAL &


DR. B.MAJI

MM 854

Project Work-II

0-0-12

ALL FACULTY MEMBERS

MM 855

Viva-Voce

0-0-0

ALL FACULTY MEMBERS

DETAILED SYLLABI OF COURSES


MM 301

INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY AND MATERIALS

4 credits [3-1-0]

Atomic Structure and chemical Bonding: Quantum mechanical approach, Schrdinger wave equation,
wave function, Quantum state, Periodic Table, electronic configuration and atomic structure. Bonding
in solids, different types of bonds, Bond energy, effect of bonding on material properties.
[10 hours]
Structure of Solids : The crystalline and the noncrystalline states Metals and Alloys, Ceramics,
semiconductors and polymers; Crystal structure concept of lattice and crystal, Translational
periodicity and symmetry, crystal systems, space lattice, representation of atomic position, lattice
directions and lattice planes in cubic and hexagonal systems; atomic packing, voids in FCC, BCC and
HCP crystals; crystal imperfections point defect, line defect, surface defect and volume defect;
equilibrium concentration of point defect.
[12 hours]
Solidification of metals and alloys including Rapid Solidification Technology.

[6 hours]

Phase diagrams: The phase rule, single component system. Binary phase diagrams with reference to
a few important metallic systems.
[6 hours]
Corrosion and oxidation of materials: The principles of corrosion; Protection against corrosion;
Mechanism of oxidation; Oxidation resistant materials.
[6 hours]
Introduction to Materials (Classification, Selection and Applications): Metals and Alloys, Intermetallics,
Polymers, Glasses and Ceramics, Composite Materials, nano-crystalline materials.
[10 hours]
Text books:
1. Introduction to Metallurgy - A.H. Cottrell, Arnold, 1968.
2. Structure and Properties of Engineering Materials R. M. Brick, A. W. Pense and R. B. Gordon.
Reference Books:
1. Materials Science and Engineering: A first course V. Raghavan, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2004.
2. Introduction to solids- L.V. Azaroff, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1990.

MM 302

PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY

3 credits [3-0-0]

Early developments in metal extraction (Introduction, discovery of metals and their importance,
important landmarks, nonferrous metals in Indian history)

[2 hours]

Sources of nonferrous metals (Sources in land and sea, exploration methods, methods of
beneficiation, nonferrous metals wealth in India)

[2 hours]
9

Principles of metals extraction, (Thermodynamic principles, homogeneous and heterogeneous


reactions, Ellingham diagrams, kinetic principles, electro-chemistry)
General

methods

of

extraction,

(Pyro-metallurgy

[8 hours]

calcinations,

roasting

and

smelting,

Hydrometallurgy leaching, solvent extraction, ion exchange, precipitation, and electrometallurgy


electrolysis and electro-refining).

[6 hours]

General methods of refining, (Basic approaches, preparation of pure compounds, purification of crude
metal produced in bulk).

[2 hours]

Extraction of metals from oxide sources, (Basic approaches and special features of specific extraction
processes, extraction of metals such as Mg,Al.Sn)

[5 hours]

Extraction of metals from sulphide ores, (Pyro-metallurgy and hydro-metallurgy of sulphides,


production of metals such as copper, lead, zinc, nickel etc.).

[5 hours]

Extraction of metals from halides, (Production of halides and refining methods, production of reactive
and reactor metals. Methods of extraction of metals such as Ti, Ur)

[5hours]

Production of precious metals (Methods applied for gold, silver and pt.)

[3 hours]

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Extraction of nonferrous metals, H.S. Ray, R.Sridhar and K.P. Abraham Affiliated East West Press
Pvt Ltd., New Delhi (2007).
2. . H.S. Ray and A. Ghosh, Principles of extractive metallurgy,Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi (1991)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. W.H. Dennis, Extractive Metallurgy, Philosophical Library,New York (1965)
2. F. Habashi, Principles of Extractive Metallurgy, Vol.1, Gordon and Breach, New York (1969).
3. T. Rosenqvist, Principles of Extractive Metallurgy, McGraw Hill, New York (1983)
4. J.L. Bray, Nonferrous production metallurgy, Wiley, NewYork(1954)

10

MM 351

INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY AND MATERIALS


LABORATORY

2 credits [0-0-3]

Experiment 1: Selection and Preparation of specimens:


Sampling, Mounting of small specimens, Grinding, Polishing, Etching and development of
microstructures.
[3 hours]
Experiment 2: (demonstration): The Metallurgical Microscope: Basic features and Applications: lens
system, magnification, numerical aperture, resolution, image contrast etc.
[3 hours]
Study of Microstructures :
(a) Experiment 3: Preparation and Interpretation of Optical microstructure of commercially pure
iron.
[6 hours]
(b) Experiment 4: Preparation and Interpretation of Optical microstructure of commercially pure
copper.
[6 hours]
(c) Experiment 5: Preparation and Interpretation of Optical microstructure of commercially pure
aluminium.
[6 hours]
(d) Experiment 6: Preparation and Interpretation of Optical microstructure of commercially pure
zinc.
[6 hours]
(e) Experiment 7: Preparation and Interpretation of optical microstructure of mild steel.
[6 hours]
(f) Experiment 8: Preparation and Interpretation of optical microstructure of white cast iron.
[6 hours]
Text books:
1. Practical Microscopical Metallography, R. N. Greaves and H. Wrighton, (4th Edition),
Chapman and Hall, London. 1960
2. Principles of Metallographic laboratory Practice G. L. Kehl, London: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.,
Ltd., 1939.
Reference books:
1. Metallography, Principles and Practice-George F. Vander Voort, ASM International, 1984.

11

MM 352

PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY


LABORATORY

1. Mineral beneficiation Laboratory Jaw crusher, Roll crusher, Ball mill


2. Froth floatation unit
3. Agglomeration Sintering Machine and Pelletization
4. Cyclone separator
5. Double Decker vibratory screen.

2 credits [0-0-3]
[9 hours]
[6 hours]
[6 hours]
[6 hours]
[6 hours]

Text Books:
1. Extraction of nonferrous metals, H.S. Ray, R.Sridhar and K.P. Abraham Affiliated East West Press
Pvt Ltd., New Delhi (2007).
2. W.H. Dennis, Extractive Metallurgy, Philosophical Library, New York (1965)
Reference books:
1. F. Habashi, Principles of Extractive Metallurgy, Vol.1, Gordon and Breach, New York (1969).

MM 401

THERMODYNAMICS OF MATERIALS

4 credits [3-1-0]

Introduction and definition of terms in Thermodynamics, Laws of Thermodynamics. Application of


these laws to the analysis of physical and chemical behaviour of metals, alloys and polymers with
emphasis on the use of free energy relationship, chemical potential, enthalpy, heat capacity;
Statistical interpretation of entropy, fugacity, activity and equilibrium constant; Phase relation and
Phase rule; Thermoelastic effects; Ellingham Richardson diagrams; Phase Stability diagrams; Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and negentropy.

[22 hours]

Solution laws, Ideal and regular solutions, Change of standard state; Free energy-composition and
phase diagrams, Electro-chemistry and reversible cells; Thermodynamics of point defects in solids;
Solid electrolytes and polymer materials; Theories of reaction kinetics, Order of reaction, Concept of
activated complex, Activation energy, Kinetics of heterogeneous reactions, Johnson-Mehl equation
and its application.
[22 hours]
Text Books:
1)
2)
3)
4)

Introduction to Metallurgical Thermodynamics David R Gaskell.


Problems in Metallurgical Thermodynamics and Kinetics G S Upadhyay and R K Dube.
Problems in applied thermodynamics - C Bodsworth and A S Appleton.
Kinetics of Metallurgical reactions H S Ray.

12

5)

Metallurgical Thermochemistry O. Kubaschewski, E LL Evans and C B Alcock.

Reference books:
1) Physical chemistry of metals Lawrence S, Draken and Robert W Gurry.
2) Thermodynamics of solids - Richard A Swalin.
3) Stoichometry and thermodynamics of Metallurgical processes - Y K Rao.
4) Chemical Kinetics - Keith Laidler.
5) Metallurgical Thermodynamics - R H Tupkary.

MM 402

PHASE TRANSFORMATION AND PHASE EQUILIBRIA

3 credits [3-0-0]

Introduction: Basic concepts about Stability of Phases and equilibrium; Types of Phase
Transformations, Order of transformations.

[5 hours]

Phase Equilibria: Thermodynamics of phase changes, phase diagrams and equilibria in relation to
Free energy-composition diagrams. Interpretation of phase diagrams, determination and calculations.
Solid-liquid Miscibility gap; invariant reaction. Principles of ternary phase diagram, Examples of a few
metallic and ceramic phase diagrams.

[6 hours]

Diffusion: Phenomenological equation of diffusion, Chemical potential gradient, Ficks first law of
diffusion, diffusion coefficient (diffusivity), representation of diffusion flux in terms of chemical potential
gradient; Nernst-Einstein Equation, Diffusion in ideal solution and in solutions with positive and
negative deviation; Uphill diffusion, determination of diffusion coefficient (diffusivity) for ideal binary
solid solution in terms of jump frequency and jump distance, atomic mechanism of diffusion,
Expression of diffusion coefficient (diffusivity) for self diffusion in pure metal or diffusion in
substitutional solid solution through vacancy mechanism and in interstitial solid solution; Steady state
diffusion and transient diffusion; Ficks second law of diffusion; determination of self diffusion
coefficient by radioactive method; solution of Ficks second law: analysis of carburizing and
decarburizing processes; solution of Ficks second law for variable diffusivity: Boltzmann-Matano
analysis, Matano interface, determination of diffusivity as a function of concentration; Diffusion in
substitutional solid solution: Kirkendall effect, Darken's analysis.

13

[10 hours]

Liquid-Solid Phase Transformation: Principles of Solidification in metals and alloys: thermodynamics


involved, eutectic and peritectic Solidification, Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation,
Mechanisms of growth. Rapid solidifaction Processing.
Solid

State

Phase

Transformations:

Nucleation

[8 hours]
and

growth

Kinetics,

homogeneous

and

heterogeneous transformation, Precipitation: Coherency, age hardening, particle Coarsening. Ostwald


ripening, Order- disorder transformation, spinodal decomposition, massive transformations. [8 hours]
Solid State Phase Transformations in steel: Reconstructive and displacive transformations; Pearlitic
transformation: mechanism and kinetics: Johnson-Mehl equation, morphology of pearlite; Bainitic
transformation: mechanism and kinetics; morphology of upper bainite and lower bainite; Martensitic
transformation: Mechanism- diffusionless displacive nature; morphology of high carbon and low
carbon martensite.

[8 hours]

Text books:
1. Phase transformations in metals and alloys- D.A. Potter and K.E. Easterling, CRC Press, 1992.
2. Transformations in Metals, P.G. Shewmon, Mc-Graw Hill, 1969.
3. Introduction to Physical Metallurgy S. N. Avner, Tata McGraw Hill, 1997.
Reference books:
1. Physical Metallurgy Peter Haasen, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
2. Physical Metallurgy Principles, R. E. Reed-Hill and R. Abbaschian, 3rd ed, PWS-Kent Publishing,
1992.
3. Physical Metallurgy for Engineers A. G. Guy, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1962.
4. Modern Physical Metallurgy, R. E. Smallman, Butterworths, 1963.

MM 403

IRON MAKING

3 credits [3-0-0]

Introduction: Pig Iron production in India, Raw Materials Valuation and preparation of chief raw
materials, Methods of Agglomeration : sintering, pelletizing. Testing of raw materials.
[6 hours]
Blast furnace iron making: Design and construction of the blast furnace. Theory and practice of pig
iron making charge distribution, burden calculation.
[10 hours]
Physico-chemical aspects of blast furnace reactions,. Blast furnace slags.

[9 hours]

Developments in blast furnace practice. Blast furnace operation and irregularities. Blast furnace
accessories: blowers, stoves, gas cleaning plants etc.
[8 hours]
14

Alternative methods of Iron making.

[4 hours]

Manufacture of

[2 hours]

ferro alloys.

Environmental considerations in iron making.

[1 hour]

TEXT BOOKS:
1. A Text Book on Modern Iron Making - R. H. Tupkary (new edition)
2. Principles of Iron Making - A. K. Biswas.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Manufacture of Iron & Steel. Vol. I.- G. B. Bashforth.

MM 404

X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

3 credits [3-0-0]

X-ray basics: Production of X-ray; The continuous and characteristic spectrum; Absorption; Filters.
[4 hours]
Elementary Crystallography: Overview the basics of crystallography; real and reciprocal lattice.
[2 hours]
X-ray diffraction: Braggs Law; Ewald sphere construction; Diffraction methodsLaue method, rotating
crystal methods, powder methods; Diffractometers; diffraction under non ideal condition;
6h
Intensity of diffracted beams: Structure factor calculations and other factors; Extinction rules;
[4 hours]
Application of X-ray diffraction: Crystal structure determination; Precise lattice parameter
measurements; Phase diagram determination, Chemical analysis by diffraction, residual stress
determination, particle size determination.
[10 hours]
Electron microscopy: elements of transmission electron microscopy; Sample preparation techniques
for TEM, Image contrast in TEM: Identification of crystal defects and precipitates. Diffraction pattern
analysis
[12 hours]
Text Books:
1. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, by B.D. Cullity, Addision Wesley Publishing Co., Massachusetts,
1968.
2. X-ray diffraction-a practical approach, by C. Suryanarayana and M. Grant Norton, Springer, 1998.

15

3. X-ray Diffraction: Its Theory and Applications, by S. K. Chatterjee, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.
Limited, 2004.

Reference books:
1. Electron Microscopy in the Study of Materials, by P.J. Grundy and G.A. Jones, Arnold,
London, 1976.
2. Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science (4 Vol set), by David
B. Williams and C. Barry Carter, 2nd ed., Springer, 2009.
3. Electron Microscopy and Analysis, by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard
Beanland, Third Edition, CRC Press, 2000.

MM 451

THERMODYNAMICS OF MATERIALS LABORATORY

2 credits [0-0-3]

1. Non-Isothermal Decomposition of Calcium Carbonate


[3 hours]
2. Study of non-isothermal decomposition of a mixture of Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium
Carbonate.
[3 hours]
3. Study of Reduction of Iron Ore in reducibility Apparatus.
[3 hours]
4. Determination of isothermal reaction rate for oxidation of metals and alloys.
[3 hours]
5. Estimation of activation energy in a gas-solid reaction
[3 hours]
6. Isothermal decomposition of CaCO3.
[3 hours]
Text Books:
1. D. R. Gaskell: Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials, Fifth Edition, Taylor & Francis,
2008.
2. H. S. Ray: Kinetics of Metallurgical Reactions, International Science Publisher, 1993

MM 452

PHASE TRANSFORMATION AND PHASE EQUILIBRIA


LABORATORY

2 credits [0-0-3]

(i) Investigation of the microstructures of carbon steels containing ~0.2%C, ~0.4%C, ~0.6%C,
~0.8%C, ~1.0%C, in correlation with phase equilibria in Fe-C system (IronCarbon phase diagram).
Experiment 1 (Part I): Microstructure of 0.2 wt.% C steel

[4 hours]

Experiment 2 (Part II): Microstructure of 0.4 wt.% C steel

[4 hours]

16

Experiment 3 (Part III): Microstructure of 0.6 wt.% C steel

[4 hours]

Experiment 4 (Part IV): Microstructure of 0.8 wt.% C steel

[4 hours]

Experiment 5 (Part V): Microstructure of 1.0 wt.% C steel

[4 hours]

(ii) With regard to Fe-C-Si phase equilibria, investigation of the microstructure of different types of cast
irons, viz. Grey Cast iron, Spheroidal (Nodular) graphite cast iron and Malleable cast iron.
Experiment 6 (Part I): Microstructure of Grey Cast iron

[4 hours]

Experiment 7 (Part II): Microstructure of Spheroidal (Nodular) graphite cast iron

[4 hours]

Experiment 8 (Part III): Microstructure of Malleable cast iron

[4 hours]

(iii) Experiment 9:
Study of the precipitation hardening process in Duralumin (Al-4.5% Cu alloy)

[3 hours]

(iv) Experiment 10:


Application of Lever Rule.

[3 hours]

(v) Experiment 11:


Application of Phase Rule to different types of binary phase diagrams.

[3 hours]

Text books:
1. Phase transformations in metals and alloys- D.A. Potter and K.E. Easterling, CRC Press, 1992. 2.
Introduction to Physical Metallurgy S. N. Avner, Tata McGraw Hill, 1997.
3. Physical Metallurgy Principles, R. E. Reed-Hill and R. Abbaschian, 3rd ed, PWS-Kent Publishing,
1992.
Reference books:
1. Modern Physical Metallurgy, R. E. Smallman, Butterworths, 1963.

MM 501

FOUNDRY TECHNOLOGY

3 credits [3-0-0]

Introduction to casting as a shaping technique

[1 hour]

Characteristic and effects of sand, binders and additives

[5 hours]

Different types of Molding and Machine molding

[4 hours]

Special casting techniques: Ceramic shell, investment casting, Rheo and thixocasting, squeeze
casting, high and low pressure die casting.; Centrifugal Casting
[6 hours]
Solidification of casting - concept of thermal and constitutional super cooling, concept of central line
feeding resistance and effects of chill.
[5 hours]
17

Design of Gating and Risering of casting.

[6 hours]

Melting furnace, cupola, rotary furnace, induction furnace.

[6 hours]

Defects in casting and their remedy.

[2 hours]

Metallurgy of cast iron, Aluminium and copper based alloy.

[8 hours]

TEXT BOOKS:
1. O. P. Khanna: Foundry technology, 17th Edition, DhanpatRai Publications,2011
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. P. L. Jain: PRINCIPLES OF FOUNDRY TECHNOLOGY, 5th Edition, Tata Mcgraw Hill Education
Private, 2009.
2. M. C. Flemings: Solidification processing, McGraw-Hill, 1974.
3. Metals Handbook, Casting, vol. 15, 10th Edition, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, USA,
1998.
4. R. A. Flinn: Fundamentals of Metal Casting, Addison-Wesley; Underlining edition, 1963.

MM 502

TESTING OF MATERIALS

3 credits [3-0-0]

Introduction to materials Testing, Necessity and purpose of Testing Materials.

Hardness measurements: Classification Principles and methods of different Macro-hardness


tests; Brinell, Meyer, Vickers, Rockwell - conventional and superficial micro-hardness tests
Knoop, Tukon, etc.. Dynamic/ Rebound Hardness Tests; Shores Sceleroscope, poldi etc.
Scratch hardness; Relationship between Hardness and Flow Curve.
[8 hours]

Tension Test: Engineering stress strain curve-Tensile Strength. Measure of Yielding measure
of Ductility, Modulus of Elasticity Resilience Toughness True stress-strain curve Instability in
Tension Diffuse and Localized necking. Further consideration of instability. Yield criteria. Effect
of strain rate. Temperature and Testing machine on Flow properties. Anisotropy of Tensile
properties of Steel.
[8 hours]

Torsion Test : Torsion test versus Tension test Types of torsion failures.

[2 hours]

Shear Testing Bend Testing and Compression Testing.

[2 hours]

Fatigue of Metals: Stress Cycles, S-N Curve, Structural Features of Fatigue Fretting Low-Cycle
and High Cycle Fatigue, Effect of Metallurgical variables on Fatigue.
[6 hours]

18

[2 hours]

Creep and Stress-Rupture: High Temperature materials problem the creep Curve the Stress
Rupture Test. Structural Changes during Creep. Mechanics of Creep deformation
Equicohesive Temperature, Factors affect creep.
[6 hours]

Brittle Failure and Impact Testing : The brittle fracture problem Notched-bar Impact test
Significance of Transition Temperature Curve Metallurgical Factors Affecting Transition
Temperature.
[6 hours]

Testing of Miscellaneous products : Testing of Sheet pipes ,tubes, bearings and welds and
spark Testing of Steel.
[4 hours]

Non-Destructive Testing : Visual Examination Dye Penetrant Methods Magnetic Methods. X[4 hours]
ray and - Ray Radiography Electrical Methods Surface.

Text Books:
Mechanical Metallurgy by George E. Dieter, International Student Edition Mc. Graw-Hill Kogakusha
Ltd. Fourth(S. I. Metric) Edition 1988.

MM 503

HEAT TREATMENT OF METALS & ALLOYS

Objectives and Principles of heat treatment.

3 credits [3-0-0]

[1 hour]

Iron-Carbon Phase Equilibrium Diagram; Austenitisation, Transformation of


austenite to pearlite, bainite and martensite; Characteristics of transformation
products

[6 hours]

T-T-T-and C-C-T diagrams; Factors affecting T-T-T curves.

[6 hours]

Heat treatment processes: Different types of annealing, spheroidizing,


normalsing, hardening, tempering, patenting, austempering, martempering,
Sub-zero treatment.

[8 hours]

Thermo mechanical treatment of Steels; Ausforming, Isoforming, Cryoforming,


Heat removal mechanism, Hardenability of steels Significance of
hardenability, Determination of hardenability, Jominy End quench test, Factors
influencing harenability

[6 hours]

Heat Treatment Defects, Residual stresses developed upon heat treatment

[2 hours]

Age Hardening : Basic requirements and steps,

[1 hour]

Heat treatment of non-ferrous metal and alloys -- Aluminium alloys, Magnesium


alloys, Titanium alloys.

[6 hours]

Practical considerations in heat treatment: Accessories, Cooling media, Types

19

of furnace and Furnace atmosphere.

[1 hour]

Surface heat treatment Carburizing of steels, Cyniding and Carbonitriding, Nitriding,


Flame hardening, Induction hardening, Laser hardening etc.

[6 hours]

Text Books:
1. An Introduction to Physical Metallurgy S. N. Avner, McGraw-Hill Book Company.
2 ASM Metals Hand Book Vol. IX, ASM International Materials Society.

3. Principles of the Heat Treatment of Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, Charlie R. Brooks, ASM
international, 1996.

Reference Books:
1. Principles of Heat Treatment R. C. Sharma, New Age International (P) Ltd.
2. Heat Treatment of Metals V. Singh (Standard Publication Distributors) New Delhi

MM 504

TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

4 credits [3-1-0]

Introduction, Conservation, fluid statics

[3 hours]

Fluid flow: Newton's law of viscosity, Non-newtonian fluids

[5 hours]

Continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equations, Laminar flow

[6 hours]

Turbulence and experimental correlations, concept of friction factor[3]


Flow through porous media, fluidized bed, Ergun equation. EX: centrifugal casting, bottom gating
sytstem

[6 hours]

Heat Transfer:
Heat conduction: Fourier's law, steady state conduction, plane wall, cylindrical wall, application in
estimating heat losses from furnaces.

[7 hours]

Unsteady state conduction:Heisler's charts, Thermally thick and thin bodies, application in heat
treatment, solidification.

[5 hours]

Convection: Introduction of boundary layer concept, heat transfer coefficient, correlation for external
flow and internal flow, problems from pipe flow, cooling systems in reactors, continuous casting
cooling system, free convection correlations, heat losses from hot surfaces.

20

[5 hours]

Radiation: Definitions, black body, grey body, view factor between surfaces, problems from furnaces,
reactors in used in materials processing, radiation shields Case studies involving multimode heat
transfer in materials processing.

[7 hours]

Mass transfer: Fick's Law of diffusion, advection due to diffusion, case of evaporation of liquid through
a column, Analogy between mass and heat transfer, mass transfer coefficient, application in gas-solid
reactions such as oxidation, reduction etc.

[6 hours]

TEXT BOOKS:
1. J. Szekely and N.J. Themelis, Rate Phenomena In process metallurgy,, Wiley-Interscience, a
division of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1971.
2. G.H. Geiger and D.R.Poirier, "Transport Phenomena in Metallurgy", TMS.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. R. Byron Bird, Warren E. Stewart and Edwin N. Lightfoot, "Transport Phenomena" (2nd
Edition) Publishers: John Wiley.
2. J.P. Holman Heat Transfer, Tata McGraw-hillPublishing company Limited, New Delhi, ninth
Edition, 2005.
3. Frank P. Incropera and David P. DeWitt, "Heat and Mass Transfer" , Wiley Student Edition.

Open elective-1:
MM 541

BASIC MANUFACTURING PROCESS

3 credits [3-0-0]

Introduction:
Importance of manufacturing process. Economic & technological consideration in manufacturing.
Classification of manufacturing processes. Materials & Manufacturing processes for common items.
[4 hours]
Crystallography and Equilibrium Phase Diagram:
Concept of unit cell space lattice, Bravais lattices, common crystal structure, Defects and dislocation in
solids. Uniary and Binary diagram, phase rules, Types of equilibrium diagrams, Solid solution type and
combination type. Iron-carbon equilibrium phase diagram.
[5 hours]
Mechanical Properties:
Materials Structure and properties of engineering materials, stress-strain diagrams for engineering
materials. Stress vs Strain, toughness, Hardness, Fracture, Fatigue and Creep. Ductile & brittle
materials. Heat treatment of steels Annealing, Normalising and hardening.
[5 hours]
21

Metal Forming Processes


Forming: Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; Load
estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending)
metal forming processes; Work required for forging operation, Different forging operation, different
forging tools. Condition for rolling force and power in rolling. Rolling mills & rolled section. [5 hours]
Powder Metallurgy:
Powder Metallurgy Manufacturing Process. Principles of powder metallurgy. The need, Process,
advantage and applications.
[3 hours]
Manufacturing Processes:
Metal casting: patterns and moulds making, gating and risering, melting, casting practices in sand
casting, permanent mould casting, investment casting and shell moulding, casting defects and repair.
[5 hours]
Joining: Physics of welding, Process of different welding, common welding processes of shielded
metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding and submerged arc welding;
welding metallurgy, problems associated with welding of steels and aluminium alloys, defects in
welded joints.
[5 hours]
Metal forming: Fundamentals of metal forming processes of rolling, forging, extrusion, wire drawing
and sheet metal forming, defects in forming; powder metallurgy; NDT using dye-penetrate, ultrasonic,
radiography, eddy current, acoustic emission and magnetic particle methods. hot, warm and cold
working of metals.
[4 hours]
Heat treatment: hardening, annealing, tempering, normalizing, surface hardening, case hardening.
[2 hours]
Hot and cold working Rolling, forging, wire & tube drawing, deep drawing extrusion

[2 hours]

Text Books
1. Rajender Singh: Introduction to Basic Manufacturing Processes & Workshop Technology, New
Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, 2006.
2. Metals Handbook, Casting , vol. 15, 10th Edition, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio,
USA, 1998.
Reference Books
1. O. P. Khanna: Foundry technology, 17th Edition, Dhanpat Rai Publications, 2011.
2. George. E. Dieter : Mechanical Metallurgy, McGraw-Hill Co. Company.

22

Open Elective-I
XE-541

LEADERSHIP AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

3 credits [3-0-0]

Introduction : The nature of Leadership; the nature of Managerial work, Effective Leadership
Behaviour ; Participative Leadership
[4]
Dyadic Role Making; Power and Influence; Managerial Traits and Skills
[4]
Charismatic and Transformational Leadership
[2]
Leadership in terms and Decision groups; Strategic Leadership by Executives
[3]
Developing Leadership Skills ; Ethical Leadership and Diversity
[2]
Issues about research methods in leadership
[1]
Entrepreneurship: Introduction; Advantages of entrepreneurship; TE Analysis; Pitfalls of
Entrepreneurship, difference between a entrepreneur and leader ; qualities of an entrepreneur
[4]
Strategic Management Process: Vision, Mission, SWOT Analysis; Defining goals and objectives; key
success factors for management.
[6]
Pricing Policy; Process of budget
[2]
Advertisement: Role and methods , the seven tests and pricing
[1]
[2]
Marketing : 4 P's of marketing Mix ; Balance Scorecard
Case studies: Selective cases with hands on exercises.

[6]

TEXT BOOKS
1. GARY YUKL. Leadership in Organizations ; Pearson Education, Third Impression, 2008
2. Thomas .W Zimmereer and Norman M. Scarborough. Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Management ; Pearson Education; Second Impression, 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Debasis Chatterjee; "Light the fire in your Heart "; Full Circle Publishing House.

MM 551

FOUNDRY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

1. Sand Testing - a) A F S no.


b) Permeability
c) Clay content
d) Moisture content
e) Shatter Index
f) Shear and Compressive strength

2 credits [0-0-3]
[12 hours]

2. Foundry lay-out: a) Cast iron/Steel -- jobbing as well as mechanized foundry shop and b) lay-out of
non-ferrous foundry shop
[6 hours]
3. Casting Laboratory
a) Drawing of a casting, pattern making by thermocole,
b) Designing of gate and riser
23

[10 hours]

c) Mould making by green sand


d) Melting
e) Fettling and inspection
4. Furnace design
a) Design of Cupola
b) Design of Electric Arc Furnace

[6 hours]

Text Books:
1. O. P. Khanna: Foundry technology, 17th Edition, Dhanpat Rai Publications,2011
2. P. L. Jain: PRINCIPLES OF FOUNDRY TECHNOLOGY, 5th Edition, Tata Mcgraw Hill Education
Private, 2009.

MM 552

TESTING OF MATERIALS LABORATORY

2 credits [0-0-3]

Objective: To set introduced with the instrument and their function to characterize a material this
laboratory practice is very important.

Tensile Testing- to find out 0.2% offset Yield strength and UTS of ferrous and non ferrous
metals.
[9 hours]
Impact Testing to find out ductile to brittle transition temperature of plain carbon steel.
[6 hours]
Fatigue testing in a closed loop servohydrolic instron machine.
[6 hours]
NDT dye penetrant inspection and magnetic particle inspection to find out location of surface
crack in a nonmagnetic and a ferromagnetic sample.
[9 hours]

Text Books:
1. Mechanical Metallurgy, George E. Dieter, International Student Edition Mc. Graw-Hill Kogakusha
Ltd. Fourth (S. I. Metric) Edition 1988.
2. Mechanical Testing of Engineering Materials, Kyriakos Komvopoulos, 2010.

MM 553

HEAT TREATMENT OF METALS AND ALLOYS


LABORATORY

Acquaintance with Furnaces and their Operation

2 credits [0-0-3]

[3 hours]

Annealing, normalizing, hardening, and tempering treatments of plain carbon steels


[12 hours]
Influence of underheating and overheating on microstructure and properties

[3 hours]

Jominy End Quench Test

[3 hours]
24

Determination of critical diameter of Steel by trial hardening method.

[6 hours]

Pack Carburizing of steels, Post-carburizing heat treatment, Measurement of


case depth.

[6 hours]

Text Books:
1. Principles of the Heat Treatment of Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, Charlie R. Brooks, ASM
international, 1996.
2. ASM Metals Hand Book Vol. IX, ASM International Materials Society.

Reference Books:
1. Principles of Heat Treatment R. C. Sharma, New Age International (P) Ltd.
2. Heat Treatment of Metals V. Singh (Standard Publication Distributors) New Delhi

MM 601

IMPERFECTION & DEFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF


MATERIALS

4 credits [3-1-0]

Objective:
Study of role of imperfection in the solid crystalline materials are important as it
enhance as well as decrease the capacity of plastic strain (deformation) in other word ductility of the
materials which is very important property so for the service performance is concern.
[4 hours]
Plastic Deformation of single crystal : Lattice Defects-Classification and Details; Structure-Sensitive
and Structure- Insensitive properties; Concept of Dislocation-Classification; Atomic Arrangement in an
Edge and a Screw Dislocations; Deformation by slip in a perfect lattice Theoretical Shear Stress for
slip.
[6 hours]
Slip by Dislocation Movement- Peierls-Nabarro Force; Burgers vector and the Dislocations loop;
Burgers Circuit; Relation between Atomic Density of a plane and its interplanar spacing; slip system;
Slip in BCC, FCC and HCP metals. Temperature Dependence of slip planes. Dislocation in the FCC
Lattice- Shockley partial and Frank Partial; Stacking fault; Relation between Stacking Fault Energy
and Stacking Fault Width; Dislocation in BCC and HCP lattice; Cross Slip; Sessile Dislocations;
Lomer- Cottrell barrier; Dislocation Climb; Intersection of Dislocation, Jogs & kinks; Stress Fields and
Energies of Dislocation; Forces on Dislocations; Forces between Dislocations; Dislocation sources;
Multiplication of Dislocation: Frank- Read Source; Dislocation-Point Defect Interactions; Dislocation
Pile-ups; Methods of observation of Dislocations; Deformation by Twinning. Slip versus Twinning.
[12 hours]

25

Tensile Deformation of a single crystal; Strain Hardening of FCC single Crystal- different Regions of
the flow curve; Mechanism of Strain Hardening in the Different Regions. Critical Resolved Shear
Stress(C.R.S.S.) for Slip- Schmids Factor; Factors affecting C.R.S.S.
[4 hours]
Plastic Deformation of Polycrystal and strengthening mechanism: Role of Grain Boundaries in
Deformation; Strengthening from grain boundaries: Hall-Petch Relationship; Low angle grain
Boundaries, Strengthening, from Low angle boundaries, polygonization. Yield point phenomenon;
Strain Aging; Solid Solution Strengthening; Strengthening from fine particles-precipitation hardening
and Dispersion hardening; Fiber Strengthening; Strengthening due to point Defects; Martensite
Strengthening; Cold worked Structure, Strain Hardening, Annealing of cold-worked Metal; preferred
orientation (Texture); Bauschinger Effect.
[10 hours]
Facture: Types of Fracture in Metals; Theoretical cohesive Strength of Metals; Griffith Theory of Brittle
Fracture; Fracture of Single crystals; Metallogrphic Aspects of Fracture; Fractography; Dislocation
Theories of Brittle Fracture; Notch Effects; Mechanism of Ductile Fracture; Concepts of the Fracture
Curve; Fracture under combined Stress; Effect of high Hydrostatic pressure on Fracture.[6 hours]
Fracture Mechanics : Strain-Energy Release Rate; Stress Intensity Factor; Fracture Toughness;
Plane Strain Fracture Toughness(KIC); Crack- Opening Displacement; J-Integral, R Curve;
Probabilistic Aspects of Fracture Mechanics ;Toughness of Materials.
[6 hours]

Text Books:
1. Mechanical Metallurgy (S.I. Metric Edition ) by George E. Dieter. Mc Graw Hill Book Company,
1988. Singapore.
Reference books:
1. Introduction to dislocations, D. Hull and D.J. Bacon, Fifth Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2011.

MM 602

ENGINEERING MATERIALS

3 credits [3-0-0]

Introduction to Various Classes of Engineering Materials: Factors affecting selection of Engineering


Materials-Service requirements, fabrication requirements and economic requirements.

[2 hours]

Study of the industrially important steels, their mechanical and thermal treatment and uses:
Plain carbon steels.

[5 hours]

Dual Phase Steels and High Strength Low alloys (HSLA) Steels

[4 hours]

Effect of Alloying Elements in Steel.

[2 hours]

Alloy Steels: Manganese Steels, Hadfield manganese Steel,

[2 hours]

Heat Resistant and Stainless Steels

[8 hours]

Tool and Die Steels, High speed tool steel (HSTS)

[4 hours]

26

Maraging Steels,

[2 hours]

Study of Nonferrous Alloys, their mechanical and thermal treatment:


Brasses, Bronzes, Bearing Metals, Light alloys based on Aluminium and
Magneium, Titanium Base alloys

[8 hours]

Lead and tin base babbits.

[1 hour]

Cryogenic and High temperature Materials, Alloy cast irons, Special purpose
materials, such as, Materials for Aerospace, Nuclear Reactors etc.

[4 hours]

Electrical and Magnetic Materials.

[2 hours]

Text Books:
1.

An Introduction to Physical Metallurgy S. N. Avner, McGraw-Hill Book Company.

2.

Structure and properties of materials J Wulff and other. Vols. IIV. Wiley Eastern pub Ltd.
New Delhi

3.

Metallurgy for Engineers E C Rollason

4.

Physical Metallurgy Vijendra Singh.

5.

Engineering Materials : H. J. Sharp Haywood, London (1961)

6.

Engineering Materials : M. F. Ashby and D. R. N. jones, Pergamon press Oxford (1980).

Reference books:
7.

Materials Science and Engineering by Raghavan - Prenctice Hall of India Ltd.

8.

Physical Metallurgy of Engineering Materials by N. R. petty, Allen Unwin (1968)

9.

Light Alloys: Metallurgy of the light Metals by I. J. Polmser-Edwaraed annord.

10. The Super alloys by C. T. Sims and W. C. Hegel Wily-Interscience.

MM 603

METAL FORMING TECHNOLOGY

3 credits [3-0-0]

Description of Stress at a point in two and three dimensions, rectangular state of stress,
Principal stress planes and directions in Two and Three Dimensions, Two and Three
Dimensions plot of Mohrs circle, Hydrostatic and Deviator Components of stress, Elastic
Stress - Strain Relationship.
[6 hours]
ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY OF PLASTICITY : Flow curve, Yield criteria, Plane stress
and plane strain condition, Slip line field theory, Invariant of stress and strain, Levy-Mises
Equations, Octahedral Shear Stress and Shear Strain, Yield Locus, Anisotropy in Yielding.
[6 hours]

27

FOUNDAMENTALS OF METAL FORMING : Classification Forming Processes, Mechanics


of Metal Forming with Slab Method, Effect of Temperature in Metal Working Cold, Warm
(Semi-hot) and Hot working, Effects of Strain Rate and Metallurgical Structure on Forming
Processes, Friction and lubrication, Hydrostatic Pressure. Residual stresses Experimental
Techniques of metal working processes.
[8 hours]

FORGING : Classification Forging Processes, Forging equipment, Forging in plane strain,


Open die and close Die-forging, calculation of forging load in close die forging, forging defects
and Powder metallurgy forging.
[6 hours]

ROLLING OF METALS : Classification of rolling processes, classifications of rolling mills,


theories of hot and cold rolling, forces and geometric relationship in rolling, Specific analysis of
rolling load rolling variables, defects and problems in rolled products, torque and power.
[6 hours]

EXTRUSION: Classification of extrusion processes, extrusion equipment, hot and cold


extrusion, analysis of extrusion, defects in extrusion, production of seamless pipe and tubing.
Extrusion and advantages of process.
[6 hours]

DRAWING OF RODS WIRES AND TUBES: Rod and wire drawing, analysis of drawing
processes, defects and residual stresses, Tube Drawing processes, analysis of tube drawing.
[6 hours]

SHEET METAL FORMING: Forming Methods Shearing, blanking, bending, stretch forming
and deep Drawing Forming limit Criteria, Defects in Formed parts.
[4 hours]

Text Books:

1. Mechanical Metallurgy: S. I. Metric Edition by George E. Dieter ( Adaptd by David Bacan )


Mcgraw Hill Book Company, Singapore, 1988.
2. Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Marc Andr Meyers and Krishan Kumar Chawla, Cambridge
University Press, 2008.
Reference books:
1. Introduction to dislocations, D. Hull and D.J. Bacon, Fifth Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2011.

MM 604

STEEL MAKING

Introduction
Introduction, A Historical Perspective, An Overview of Modern Iron and Steel making.

3 credits [3-0-0]

[1 hour]

Modern Steelmaking I: Oxygen Steelmaking


[10 hours]
Introduction, Historical Perspectives: Steelmaking Processes and their Developments, Pre - treatment
of Hot Metal, Classification of Steels and the Role of Impurity Elements.
Steelmaking Fundamentals - Chemical Reactions Equilibria - Carbon - Oxygen Reaction Phosphorous - Oxygen Reaction - Manganese - Oxygen Reaction - Silicon - Oxygen Reaction 28

Sulphur - Oxygen Reaction (Desulphurization) - Iron-Oxygen Reaction - Slag Formation - Role of Slag
- Basicity - Foaming Tendency - Oxidizing/Reducing Potential of Slag.
The LD Steelmaking (Practice) process - The LD Converter - Lance - LD Shop Layout - Charge
Calculations - Feed Materials - Physico - Chemical Characteristics of LD Steelmaking - Description of
a Typical Heat - Exit Gases - Tapping - Modern Trends - Post Combustion - Slag Splashing.
Bottom Blown Steelmaking -The Evolution of Combination Blown Steelmaking and its Distinctive
Features.
Modern Steelmaking II: Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking
[6 hours]
Introduction, Electric Steelmaking.
Steelmaking in Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) - Construction of an Arc Furnace - Operation Steelmaking in EAF - Eccentric Bottom Tapping - Comparison with Oxygen Steelmaking Environmental issues in Arc Furnace Steelmaking.
Developments in EAF steelmaking Technology - Oxygen lancing including Co-jet - Gas injection
through bottom - Automation and Process control.
Alloy Steelmaking in EAF with Some Examples.
Steelmaking: Additional Topics
[6 hours]
Refractory in steelmaking - Requirements of refractory Material - Various Refractory Materials Fabrication and Types of Refractory Products - Emerging Trends.
Clean steel - Cleanliness Assessment - Inclusions and Mechanical Properties - Sources of Inclusion
in steel - Types of Inclusions - Properties of Inclusions - Inclusion Engineering.
Process Control and Automation in Steel Industry - BOF - EAF.
Deoxidation, Ladle and Tundish Metallurgy Operations
[12 hours]
Introduction, slag Carry-over: Impact on Ladle Metallurgy.
Deoxidation - Techniques of Deoxidizer Addition - Physical and Chemical Interaction between Solid
Additions and Steel Melt - Types of Deoxidation - Deoxidation Kinetics and Products.
Ladle Metallurgy Steelmaking Operations - Construction of Steelmaking ladles; Ladle Refractory,
Preheating and Recycling - The Method of Inert Gas Stirring in Ladles - Temperature and
Composition Control in Ladles - The Ladle Furnace - Injection Metallurgy - Miscellaneous Issues in
Ladle Metallurgy.
Vacuum Degassing - Principles - Degassing Techniques - Stream Degassing - Tank Degassing Circulation Degassing - Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Hydrogen and Nitrogen Removal under
Vacuum - Water Capacity of Ladle Slags.
Flow sheet for Production of Clean Steel - Transfer Operations.
Tundish Metallurgy - Tundish Design and Operations - Temperature and Cleanliness Control in
Tundish - Sequence Casting and Grade Transition - Residual Metal loss in Ladles and Tundish.
Solidification and Casting Processes
[6 hours]
Introduction, Fundamental Aspects of Solidification.
Casting Processes - Ingot Casting - Continuous Casting - Process description - Continuous Casting
Products and Casting Defects - Emerging Trends in Continuous Slab Casting - EM stirring and EM
braking - Gas Injection in Mold - High Speed Slab Casting - Thin Slab casting - Strip Casting.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ghosh, A. and Chatterjee, A., Principles and Practices in Iron and Steel making, Prentice Hall of
India, New Delhi, 2008.

29

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Turkdogan, E.T., A Text Book of Steelmaking, Academic Press, London, 1997.
2. Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel (Steelmaking and Refining), 10th Edition, 1985, AISE,
Pittsburgh.
3. Ghosh, A., Secondary Steelmaking, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2000.

MM 631

MATERIALS SCIENCE

4 credits [3-1-0]

(For B.Tech., Mechanical Engineering Students)


Introduction: Solid Engineering Materials- their classification and characteristic properties.
[1 hour]
Atomic bonding in solids: Primary interatomic bonding and secondary bonding.
[1 hour]
Structures of solids: Crystal structures, crystal system/lattices, crystallographic planes and directions,
interstitial sites, crystallinity in metals, ceramics, semiconductor, and polymers. Microstructures and
metallography. Amorphous and glassy state.
[4 hours]
Solidification of pure metals: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous nucleation process, cooling curve,
concept of supercooling, microstructures of pure metals.
[3 hours]
Imperfection of solids: Point, line, planar and volume. Fundamentals of plastic deformation of metals,
deformation by slip and twin, plastic deformation in polycrystalline metals, concept of cold working,
preferred orientations.
[4 hours]
Annealing: Recovery, recrystallization and grain growth, hot working.

[1 hour]

Properties of materials: Definition, units and common tests conducted to evaluate important
engineering properties.
[4 hours]
Concept of formation of alloys: Types of alloys, solid solutions, factors affecting solid solubility, orderdisorder transformation.
[4 hours]
Binary phase diagrams: Isomorphous, eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic, and peritectoid systems, effect of
non-equilibrium cooling, coring and homogenization.
[5 hours]
Iron cementite diagram: Construction and interpretation of Fe-Fe3C and Fe Graphite diagrams.
Microstructure and properties of different alloys in steel and cast iron, their microstructures and typical
uses.
[5 hours]

30

Heat treatment: TTT and CCT diagrams, concept of heat treatments of steels- annealing, normalizing,
hardening and tempering. Effect of common alloying elements in steel, concept of hardenability,
factors effecting it. Variation of steels and specification of steels.
[5 hours]
Physical metallurgy of common non-ferrous alloys: Cu, Al and Ni based alloys. Microstructures and
heat treatment of common alloys of these systems.
[5 hours]
Engineering Ceramics and Polymers: Structures, properties and application of common engineering
ceramics and polymers.
[1 hour]
Composite Materials: Principal, structure and application of composites.

[2 hours]

Text Books:
(1) W. D. Callister, Materials Science and Engineering an Introduction, Wiley, New York (2003).
(2) V. Raghavan, Materials Science and Engineering, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi, (1998).
Reference Books:
(1) K. K. Chawla, Composite Materials, Springer, New York (2001).

MM 651

IMPERFECTION & DEFORMATION LABORATORY

2 credits [0-0-3]

Objective: Cold working and annealing is required to know the recovery recrystallization and grain
growth process. This will correlate the structure and property which is main aim to study Physical
metallurgy.

Vergin commercially pure copper and cold forged copper are compared w.r.to microstructure
produced during heating different temperature and mechanical property such as hardness,
tensile etc.
[24 hours]

Text books:

1. Mechanical Metallurgy: S. I. Metric Edition by George E. Dieter ( Adaptd by David Bacan )


Mcgraw Hill Book Company, Singapore, 1988.
2. Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Marc Andr Meyers and Krishan Kumar Chawla, Cambridge
University Press, 2008.
Reference books:
1. Introduction to dislocations, D. Hull and D.J. Bacon, Fifth Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2011.

31

MM 652

ENGINEERING MATERIALS LABORATORY

2 credits [0-0-3]

Overview of the microstructures of plain carbon steel

[3 hours]

To study the microstructure of Dual Phase Steel

[4 hours]

To study the microstructure of Microalloyed Steel

[4 hours]

To study the microstructure of Hadfield Manganese Steel

[4 hours]

To study the microstructure of High Speed Tool Steel

[4 hours]

To study the microstructure of Austenitic Stainless Steel

[4 hours]

To study the microstructure of Brass and Bronze

[4 hours]

To study the microstructure of Babbitts Metal

[4 hours]

Text Books:
(1) Engineering Materials 2, Fourth Edition: An Introduction to Microstructures and Processing
(International Series on Materials Science and Technology), D R H Jones and Michael F. Ashby,
Butterworth-Heinemann, 2012.
Reference books:
(1) W. D. Callister, Materials Science and Engineering an Introduction, Wiley, New York (2003).
(2) V. Raghavan, Materials Science and Engineering, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi, (1998).
MM 701

MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND SIMULATION

4 credits [3-1-0]

Developing logical steps (algorithm/flow chart), Numerical methods: root finding (method of Bi-section,
Newton Raphson ).

[5 hours]

System of linear and non-linear equations (Gaussian elimination, Gauss- Seidel and Newton
Raphson equations).

[5 hours]

Numerical integration (Trapezoidal and Simpsons rule).

[3 hours]

Simple linear regression, Interpolation and Extrapolation.

[7 hours]

Numerical solution of ordinary and partial differential equations:

[3 hours]

Finite difference methods, explicit, implicit schemes, stability criteria

[7 hours]

Tri-diagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA).

[2 hours]

Physical modeling: Introduction, dimensional analysis, similarity criteria, modeling of iron making and
steel making processes.

[5 hours]

Application related to metallurgical processes

[5 hours]
32

TEXT BOOKS:
1. D. Mazumdar and James W. Evans, Modeling of Steelmaking Processes, CRC Press, 2009.
2. V. Rajaraman, Computer oriented numerical methods, phi learning pvt. Ltd., 1993.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. N. Datta, Computer Oriented Numerical Methods, 1E, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, 2004.
2. P.S. Ghoshdastidar, Computer Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer, McGraw Hill Education India
Pvt Ltd, 1998.

MM 702

CORROSION AND DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS

3 credits [3-0-0]

Introduction: Definition of corrosion, Cost of Corrosion, corrosion damage, environments,


classification of corrosion.
[1 hour]
Corrosion Principles: Electrochemical reactions, thermodynamics of corrosion, cell potential, emf and
galvanic series, representation of cell / cell diagram, electrode kinetics, exchange current density,
polarization - activation, concentration and combined, Pourbaix diagram, Evans diagram, Passivation.
[12 hours]
Forms of Corrosion: Uniform attack; galvanic or two-metal corrosion; crevice corrosion; pitting
corrosion; intergranular corrosion sensitization and weld decay; Selective leaching - dezincification;
erosion corrosion; Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen damage. Case studies of corrosion
in industry e.g. steel, chemical, fertilizer and food etc.
[12 hours]
Corrosion Prevention: Materials selection, alteration of environments, design,inhibitors, cathodic and
anodic protection, coatings electroplating.
[5 hours]
Corrosion Testing: Purpose, standard expression of corrosion rate, polarization technique Tafel
extrapolation, linear polarization method, AC impedance method, evaluation of pitting damage, Huey
and stretcher test for stainless steel, slow strain rate test (SSRT). Corrosion failure analysis.
[5 hours]
High Temperature Corrosion: Introduction, oxidation, Pilling Bedworth (PB) ratio, electrochemical
and morphological aspects, oxidation kinetics, internal oxidation, corrosion in mixed environments, salt
deposited hot corrosion, case studies for high temperature corrosion.
[4 hours]
Text Books:
1.
Corrosion Engineering Mars G. Fontana, McGraw- Hill Publication, 1987.
2.
The Fundamentals of corrosion J. C. Scully
Reference books:
1. An Introduction of Metallic Corrosion R. Evans, Eward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd, London.
2. Introduction of High Temperature Corrosion N. Birks and G. H. Meier

33

Departmental Elective 1
MM 710

FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

3 credits [3-0-0]

Fundamentals of atomic structure- chemical bonding-crystal structure-property correlation;


classification of different functional materials.
[6 hours]
Opto-electronic Materials: Optical properties of semiconductors, absorption and emission processes,
Electronic materials such as GaAs and GaN.
[6 hours]
Sensor Materials: Metal oxide based sensors, Principles of operation, Solid electrolyte sensors,
Oxygen sensors, Optical Sensors, Thermal Sensors and Magnetic Sensors, Thermistors and related
sensors.
[6 hours]
Shape memory and Superelastic alloys: shape memory effect, thermodynamic aspects and
micromechanism of martensitic transformation, Stress induced martensitic transformation and
superelasticity, Ni-Ti and Ni-Al based alloys and their applications.
[8 hours]
Biomaterials: Concept and assessment of biocompatibility, materials for biomedical applications: Tialloys, stainless steel etc.
[8 hours]
Nanomaterials, Smart materials, Metal foams, Nanofluids, Carbon nanotubes, Metal Hydride, Hybrid
nanocomposites, Nanoporous materials, Nano coatings.
[8 hours]
Text Books:
1. Materials Science and Engineering An Introduction William D. Callister, Jr., John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., 2007
2. Materials; Engineering, Science, Processing and Design Michael Ashby, Hugh Shercliff and David
Cebon
3. Introduction to Magnetic Materials B. D. Cullity and C. D. Graham

MM 711

FATIGUE, CREEP & FAILURE

3 credits [3-0-0]

Fatigue : Types of stress cycles, S-N diagram and endurance limit, Various failure relations, viz.,
Goodman, Soderberg, Gerber parabola; Fatigue crack nucleation and propagation; application of
fracture mechanics for fatigue cracking cyclic stress strain curve; low cycle fatigue; effect of stress
concentration on fatigue; size effect; surface effects; effect of metallurgical variables on fatigue;
Increased fatigue life due to surface protection cumulative fatigue damage rule; concept reverse
plastic zone; corrosion fatigue; fretting; high temperature fatigue.

34

[14 hours]

Creep: Materials problem at high temperature; time dependant mechanical behavior; Creep curves,
Stress rupture test; Creep mechanisms; Deformation mechanism map; Superplasticity; Creep
resistant alloys; Presentation of engineering creep data; Prediction of long time properties; Creepfatigue interaction.

[7 hours]

Fracture: Examples of fracture in real components; Different design philosophies; atomic view of
fracture; stress concentration effects of flaws;

[2 hours]

Linear elastic plastic fracture mechanics (LEFM): Griffiths theory of brittle fracture; The energy release
rate; R-curve; Different modes of loading; Stress analysis of cracks, crack tip plasticity; concepts of
plane stress and plane strain.

[10 hours]

Elastic plastic fracture mechanics: CTOD, J integral, HRR singularity;

[4 hours]

Types of fracture in metals; microstructural aspects of fracture; Different toughening mechanisms;


[2 hours]
Fracture toughness testing of metals: K1C, CTOD and J1C.

[3 hours]

Text Books:
1. Anderson, T. L. Fracture Mechanics. 2nd ed. CRC Press, 1995.
2. Suresh, S. Fatigue of Materials. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
3. Elementary engineering fracture mechanics by David Broek, 1982, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
4. Fracture Mechanics by M. Janssen, J. Zuidema and R. J. H. Wanhill, 2nd edition, Spon Press,
Taylor and Francis group.

MM 712

FAILURE ANALYSIS

3 credits [3-0-0]

Description and origin of processing defects: Metal working defects, casting defects, heat treatment
defects and welds defects.
[8 hours]
Classification of different types of failures; Principles of fracture mechanics and types of fracture:
ductile and brittle fracture, fatigue fracture, creep fracture etc.; Failure due to environmental
degradation.
[12 hours]
Generalized procedure for analysis of common failures; Fracture surface and fracture path analysis to
characterize failure mechanism and to locate origin of fracture; Fault tree technique for failure
analysis.
[10 hours]
Case studies of different failure analysis.

[10 hours]

35

Text Books:
1) Failure Analysis of Engineering Materials 1st Edition by Charles Brooks , Ashok Choudhury, Charlie
R. Brooks, McGraw-Hill companies, 1993.
2) Failure Analysis, Fundamentals and Applications in Mechanical Components, Otegui, Jose Luis,
2014.

Departmental Elective-2:
MM 720

ALTERNATIVE ROUTES OF IRON MAKING

Concept of alternative routes to Iron & Steel Making


Advent of the alternative methods of production

3 credits [3-0-0]

[2 hours]

Consideration of local resources and other conditions with particular


emphasis on Indian conditions

[5 hours]

Classification of various DR processes

[3 hours]

Raw materials and relevant considerations for various DR and SR


processes

[4 hours]

Techno-economic and environmental evaluation

[4 hours]

Physico-chemical principles of reduction

[5 hours]

Technology of production through solid reluctant and gaseous


reductants

[7 hours]

Use of the product

[3 hours]

Technological developments at various places world wide

[4 hours]

Text books:
1. Alternative routes of iron making, Arabinda Sarangi and Bidyapati
Sarangi, PHI learning.
2. 2. A first course in iron and steel making, Dipak Majumder,
Printice Hall of India, 2015.

36

POWDER METALLURGY

3 credits [3-0-0]

MM 721

Introduction: Definitions; Historical perspective of Powder Metallurgy; Reasons for using Powder
Metallurgy; The Future of Powder Metallurgy.
[2 hours]
Powder Fabrication and Characterization: Basics methods, Mechanical fabrication techniques;
Electrolytic fabrication techniques, Chemical fabrication techniques, Atomization techniques.
[10 hours]
Powder Characterization: Experimental methods for measuring particle size, shape, distribution,
surface area; Significance of true, apparent and tap densities of powders;
Flow rate of powders and its significance; compressibility and green strength; Relationship between
powder production methods and powder characteristics
[10 hours]
Powder Handling: Powder Packing; Mixing and Blending; Mixing with Binders and Lubricants; Powder
Lubrication
[4 hours]
Compaction: Injection Molding; Phenomenology of Powder Compaction; Conventional Compaction;
Fundamentals of Compaction; Influence of Material and Powder Characteristics.
[4 hours]
Sintering: Sintering fundamentals; Sintering Theory; Pore Structures in Sintering; Compaction Effects
on Sintering; Mixed Powder Sintering; Liquid Phase Sintering; Sintering Atmosphere, Sintering
Furnaces; Full Density Processing.
[10 hours]
Finishing Operations: Machining; Heat Treatments; Surface Treatments
[2 hours]
Applications: Competitive Processes; Examples of Powder Metallurgy Applications and Properties.
[2 hours]
Text Books :
1. Powder Metallurgy A Upadhyaya and G S Upadhyaya.
2. Powder Metallurgy Science R. M. German, 2nd Edition, MPIF, 1994
3. Powder metallurgy: principles and applications, Fritz V. Lenel, Metal Powder Industries Federation,
1980
4. Powder Metallurgy Technology, Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2002

MM 722

SURFACE ENGINEERING

4 credits [3-1-0]

Importance and necessity of surface engineering; classification and scope of surface engineering in
metals, ceramics, polymers and composites, tailoring of surfaces of advanced materials.
[6 hours]
Surface protection (Physical); surface modification (Chemical) techniques: classification, principles,
methods, and technology.
[6 hours]

37

conventional surface engineering methods: carburising, nitriding, cyaniding, diffusion coating, hot
dipping, galvanizing etc.; electrochemistry and electro-deposition; scope and application of
conventional surface engineering techniques in engineering materials; advantages and limitations of
conventional processes.
[8 hours]
Recent trends in surface engineering: physical/chemical vapour deposition; plasma spray coating;
plasma assisted ion implantation; surface modification by directed energy beams like ion, electron and
laser beams; energy transfer, beam configuration and modes, surface integration.
[8 hours]
Heat and mass transfer (composition and temperature profile) during directed energy beam irradiation;
novelty of composition and microstructure; post irradiation characterization (microstructural &
compositional) and testing/evaluation of surface-properties; structure-property correlation.
[8 hours]
Surface dependent engineering properties, viz., wear, friction, corrosion, fatigue, reflectivity,
emissivity, etc.; common surface initiated engineering failures; mechanism of surface degradation.
[8 hours]
Economics and energy considerations, designing of surface engineering processes.
[6 hours]

Text Books:
i) Introduction to Surface Engineering and Functionally Engineered Materials, Peter Martin
ISBN: 978-0-470-63927-6, August 2011.
ii) Materials and Surface Engineering, 1st Edition, Research and Development, J Paulo Davim, 2012.

MM 723

FUELS & FURNACES

3 credits [3-0-0]

FUELS:
Definition, Comparative study of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Constitution, classification and
grading of coal.
[4 hours]
Testing of fuels like: Grindability, Caking properties, calorific value, Proximate and ultimate analysis,
Flash and Fire point, viscosity etc.
[6 hours]
Non-conventional Energy Resources like Nuclear fuel, Solar, Wind, Geo-thermal, Bio-mass, Hydrogen
etc.
[4 hours]
Carbonization of coal: Coke making and by-products. Producer gas, Water gas, Natural gas, LPG,
Blast furnace gas, Coke oven gas, LD gas. Storage of fuels.
[4 hours]
Combustion of fuels and problems based on air supplied, excess air and products of combustion.
[4 hours]

38

Furnaces:
Definition and Classification of Furnaces, Batch furnaces, Continuous furnaces.

[6 hours]

Construction and working of furnaces like Cupola, Induction furnace, Arc furnace, Resistance furnace,
Pit furnace, Rotary furnace, Muffle furnace etc.
[6 hours]
Evolution of heat and flame temperature. Available heat. Natural, forced, induced and balanced draft.
[4 hours]
Chimney height, Heat losses in furnaces and minimization. Waste heat recovery.

[4 hours]

Text Books:
1. Elements of Fuels, Furnaces and Refractories, O. P. Gupta, Khanna publication.
2. Fuels, Furnaces and Refractories, J. D. Gilchrist
3. Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories and Pyrometry,-A.V.K. Suryanarayana, B. S. Publication
4. Industrial Furnaces - Vol. I & II, W. Trinks and M. H. Mawhiney, Wiley

MM 751

MATHEMATICAL MODELING & SIMULATION LABORATORY

2 credits [0-0-3]

1. Solution of linear, non-linear algebraic equations, ordinary differential equations and related
metallurgical problems.
[9 hours]
2. Transport phenomena based Modeling: model formulation based on heat, mass and momentum
transfer, governing equations and boundary conditions. Numerical solution of differential equations,
process related numerical problems.
[12 hours]
3. Solving metallurgical problems by FLUENT CFD software.

[6 hours]

4. Physical modeling - study the effect of lance height on depth of penetration on BOF converter
[5 hours]
Reference:
1. User manual of ANSYS Fluent.

MM 752

MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY

2 credits [0-0-3]

1. Indexing the pattern of BCC structure.

[4 hours]

2. Indexing the pattern of FCC structure.

[4 hours]

3. Indexing the pattern of HCP structure.

[4 hours]
39

4. Indexing the pattern containing BCC and FCC phase.

[4 hours]

5. Precise lattice parameters determination

[4 hours]

6. X-ray diffraction of powders to show the effect of powder size on peak broadening.

[4 hours]

7. Microstructural and Fractographic study by SEM.

[4 hours]

8. Indexing of SADP

[4 hours]

Text Books:
1. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, by B.D. Cullity, Addision Wesley Publishing Co., Massachusetts,
1968.
2. X-ray diffraction-a practical approach, by C. Suryanarayana and M. Grant Norton, Springer, 1998.
3. Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science (4 Vol set), by David B.
Williams and C. Barry Carter, 2nd ed., Springer, 2009.
4. Electron Microscopy and Analysis, by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland,
Third Edition, CRC Press, 2000.
Departmental Elective- 3
MM 810

EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN METALLURGY

3 credits [3-0-0]

Thermal analysis of phase transformations: ordinary thermal method, inverse rate curves,
Differential thermal analysis, Derived differential thermal analysis, thermal analysis at high
temperatures, thermal analysis with rapid heating and cooling.
[8 hours]
Thermo- gravimetric analysis: TG design and experimental concerns. Cahn microbalance operation.
Simultaneous thermal analysis; Dilatometry: Single push rod dilatometer, dual push rod dilatometer,
calibration, application of dilatometric interferometer.
[8 hours]
Specimen Preparation and Image Interpretation in optical and electron microscopes: Magnification,
numerical aperture, resolving power, depth of focus and image contrast.
Basic principle of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), secondary electron, back scattered electron,
energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), electron
probe micro analysis (EPMA).
[8 hours]
Determination of crystal structure by X-ray diffraction, structure factor calculation, indexing diffraction
pattern, determination of precise lattice parameter, Ewald sphere.
[8 hours]
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): diffraction of electron in view of Ewald sphere, selected
area electron diffraction patterns (spot, ring, spotted ring), indexing selected area electron diffraction
patterns; interpretation of structure, substructure, dislocations etc.
[8 hours]

40

Text Books:
1. Robert F Speyer: Thermal Analysis of Materials, Marcel Dekker, 1994.
2. Kauffmann: Characterization of Materials, Vols I & II, John Wiley, 2005.
Reference books:
1. ASM Handbook, Vol 10: Materials Characterization, ASM Intl., 2004.

MM 811

REFRACTORY AND CERAMICS

3 credits [3-0-0]

Introduction: Refractories and Ceramics, Role of the same for metal Extraction, Different types
[2 hours]
Refractories used in Various Furnaces and Industries.
[2 hours]
Testing of Refractories
[5 hours]
Description and Manufacture of Fireclay; alumina; bauxite; chrome- magnesite; carbon; Zirconia;
Magnesite; Dolomite ; Silicon-carbide
[11 hours]
Laying out of Refractories in important furnaces such asBlast Furnace; LD Converter; E.A F
[6 hours]
Phase Equilibrium in Refractory Materials and formation of new refractories

[4 hours]

Ceramics: Knowledge of different ceramic materials, Understanding of crystalline and non-crystalline


structure of ceramics: bonding, electronic structure, defects, microstructure processing of different
ceramic materials: Oxides, Carbides, Nitrides, Silicides, Borides, etc. Glass and Glass-ceramics,
Physical, Mechanical, Electrical, Thermal and Magnetic properties of ceramics and their applications
[6 hours]
Refractory Cements / Mortars, Castables and Ramming Masses

[6 hours]

Text Books:
1.Yet-Ming Chiang, Dunbar P. Birnie, W. David Kingery: Physical Ceramics: Principles for Ceramic
Science and Engineering, , John Wiley and Sons., ISBN 978-0-471-59873-2, 1996
2 O.P.Gupta; Elements of Fuels, Furnaces& Refractories Khanna Publishers, Sixth Edition ; 2014 .
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.
2.

D.W. Richerson: Modern Ceramic Engineering, , CRC Press, Third Edition, ISBN-157446932,
2005.
J.D Gilchrist : Fuels and Refractories; Pergamon Press, Second Impression, 1966.
41

MM 812

NANO-STRUCTURED MATERIALS AND THEIR


APPLICATIONS

3 credits [3-0-0]

Nanocrystals, thin films & coatings, definitions, Effect on properties and phase stability in lower
dimension compared to the bulk state, crystalline component and interfacial component.
[8 hours]
Nano-structured materials in view of dimensionality, Three dimensional crystallites, Two-dimensional
nanostructures surfaces and films, One-dimensional nanostructures nanotubes and wires, Zero
dimensional nanostructures (clusters) fullerenes, nanoparticles, nanoporous materials, Nanoclays,
Graphene, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles, Colloidal Monodisperse
Nanocrystals, nanocrystals of ferrite, oxide and chalcogenides, core-shell nanoparticles, micelle
assisted nanoparticles, surfactant coated nanoparticles, microemulsion synthesis, self-assembly
routes, Inorganic-organic hybrid materials, hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanoparticles, waterdispersable nanoparticles.
[14 hours]
Synthesis routes: gas condensation, chemical vapour deposition, elctrodeposition, Sol-gel technique
etc., hydrothermal synthesis, co-precipitation, preparation of nanocomposites.
[8 hours]
Properties and applications at the nanoscale, Electrical, Mechanical, Magnetic, (Electro) Chemical,
Optical, Thermal and thermoelectric properties, Health and regulatory issues with Nanomaterials.
[10 hours]
Text Book:

Nanostructures and Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, 2nd ed.,


Guozhong Cao, Ying Wang; Imperial College Press, 2004.
Nanoparticles: From Theory to Application, Gnter Schmid, Wiley, 2005.
Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Oxide Nanomaterials, Jos A. Rodriguez,
Marcos Fernndez-Garca, Wiley, 2007
Monodispersed Particles, T. Sugimoto, Elsevier.
Characterization of Nanophase Materials, Zhong Lin Wang, Wiley
Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and design: an introduction for engineering and
architects, Michael Ashby and Paulo J. Ferreira; Elsevier, 2009.

Reference Books:

Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry, Kenneth J. Klabunde, Ryan M. Richards, 2nd


Edition, Wiley, 2009
Nanoparticulate Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing, Kathy Lu,
Wiley.
Nanostructured Materials (Processing, Properties and Applications), Carl C. Koch,
Elsevier, 2006
Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Films: Preparation, Characterization, and
Applications, Janos H. Fendler, Wiley, 2008
Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, Hari Singh Nalwa (ed.); Elsevier,
2001.

42

MM 813

NANO-CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES

3 credits [3-0-0]

Introduction to nanotechnology, its emergence and challenges classification of nano-materials: Zero,


one, two and three dimensional nano-structured materials.
[8 hours]
Nano-ceramics: basic principles and synthesis; oxide and non-oxide ceramics, transparent ceramics,
coatings and films, typical applications.
[10 hours]
Ceramic/metal Nanocomposite Systems: Preparation technologies: mechanical alloying, sol-gel
synthesis, melt spraying. Structures: particles, thin films, wires, porous systems. Applications:
electrical, magnetic and optical.
[8 hours]
Nanocomposites based on polymer matrix : polymer / polymer, ceramic / polymer, metal / polymer,
carbon nanotube / polymer. Preparation technologies: solid mixture, solutions mixing, in-situ
polymerization, polymer coatings, other coatings. Applications: mechanical, electrical and optical.
[8 hours]
Natural nanocomposites: Nanocomposites synthesized biologically; Nanocomposites synthesized by
mimicking natural processes; Packaging proteins.
[6 hours]

Text Books:
1. Nano structure and nano-materials by Guozhong (AO.(Imperial College Press), London),
2004.
2. Introduction to Nano technology by Charles P. Poole, Jr and Frauk J. Owens. (Wiley
Interscience , New Jersey, 2003.
3. Nano-structured materials: Processing , properties and Potential Applications by Carl. C.
Koch. (Noyes Publication and William Andrew Publishing) New Yark. 2002.

Departmental Elective-4:
MM 820

METAL JOINING

3 credits [3-0-0]

Principles and theory, mechanism and key variables of different joining processes.
[5 hours]
Soldering, brazing and welding processes types of tooling and equipment and consumables in
welding.
[6 hours]
Microstructures of fusion and HAZ, welding stresses. Pre and post treatments advantage and
disadvantage.
[8 hours]

43

Weld joint consideration testing and inspection of weld joints.


[6 hours]
Welding standard and specification.
[5 hours]
Weldability field of application of the welding w.r.to gas welding, submerged arc welding, TIG,
MIG, Plasma arc welding, electron beam welding, spot welding, laser welding, diffusion
welding etc.
[10 hours]

Text Books:
1. Fabrication, Welding & Metal Joining Processes: A Textbook for Technicians and Craftsmen, C.R.
Flood, Butterworths, 1981.
2. An introduction to Welding - R S Parmar
3. Principles of welding technology L M Gourd, Edward Arnold / ELBS, London, 1980.
Reference Books:
1. Welding for Engineers H. Udin, E. R. Funk and J Wulff, John Wiley, New York.
2. Welding Engineering, B. E. Rossi, McGraw Hill New York
3. Welding Metallurgy, Sindo Kou, A John Wiley and Sons Incorporation Publication.

MM 821

STRENGTHENING OF METALS AND ALLOYS

3 credits [3-0-0]

Theoretical strength of crystals, short range and long range obstacles, Critical temperature, activation
volume and energy, and their experimental determination.
[4 hours]
Stages and theories of strain hardening, pile-up model, forest theory, jog theory and Wilsdor theory.
[6 hours]
Elastic, modulus, electrical, chemical and configurational interactions, Order hardening, Yield point,
strain ageing and Snoek effect.
[6 hours]
Solution treatment. Kinetics of precipitation. Chemical hardening, orowan mechanism and over aging
theory. Methods and theories of dispersion hardening.Mechanism and characteristic features of
martensitic and bainitic transformations.
[10 hours]
Strengthening due to point defects. Ausforming, iso-forming, mar forming and strain tempering of
steels.
[4 hours]
Effect of grain size and grain refinement. Conditions, mechanism, advantages and limitations of super
plasticity. Role of fibres and matrix, critical fiber length & volume, stress-strain behavior of fiber
reinforced composite. Effect of discontinuous fibers and orientation of fibers.
[10 hours]
Text Books:
1. Derek Hull and D.J. Bacon, Introduction to Dislocations-, Pergamon Press, 1994.
2. G. E. Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy, Mc Graw Hill, 1988.
Reference book:
3. ASM Hand Book, Vol.8, Mechanical Testing and Evaluation, 2000.
44

MM 822

COMPOSITE MATERIALS

3 credits [3-0-0]

Introduction: Basic concept of monolithic and composite; Classification of composite materials;


property enhancement.
Metal matrix composite, polymer matrix composites, ceramic matrix composite and carbon-carbon
composite; application of different composite materials.
[10 hours]
Synthesis routes of composites: casting route and powder metallurgy route.

[4 hours]

Powder metallurgy processed Composite: high energy milling, Mechanical alloying: Fundamentals and
parameters; Compaction and Sintering: material dependent routes and process parameters; process
parameter-structure-property correlation.
[15 hours]
Cast metal matrix composites: different synthesis routes: dispersion process (stir casting,
compocasting and screw extrusion)-contact angle, wettability and particle-matrix bonding; Liquid metal
impregnation/infiltration (pressure infiltration, squeeze casting and Lanxide process)- principle of
molten metal infiltration-capillary flow of molten metal; Spray process (Osprey process and rapid
solidification process); In-situ production of dispersoids-XD process; evolved microstructure: structural
defects in cast metal matrix composites- porosity, particle segregation (macrosegregation and
microsegregation), interfacial reaction and particle degradation; structure-property correlation.
[15 hours]
Joining of metal matrix composites, limitations of conventional fusion welding, Application of transient
liquid phase (TLP) diffusion bonding, basic mechanism and different stages of TLP bonding process
for monolithic and composite system, process parameters of TLP bonding, joint efficiency.
[6 hours]
Text books:
1. Metal Matrix Composites - Chawla and Chawla, Springer, 2006.
2. Joining of aluminium based metal matrix composites- Joydeep Maity, in Engineered Metal Matrix
Composites: Forming Methods, Material Properties and Industrial Applications, Editor: Luca
Magagnin, 2012, NOVA Science Publishers, Inc., New York, USA, pp 329-354.
3. Materials Science and Engineering:An Introduction - William D. Callister, Jr., John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., 2007.
4. Fundamentals of Metal-Matrix Composites - Andreas Mortensen and Alan Needleman,
Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993.
Reference books:
1. An Introduction to Composite Materials Derek Hull, Cambridge University Press, 1981.
2. Composite Materials Deborah D.L. Chung, Springer, 2009.
3. Metal-Matrix composite P.K. Rohatgi, Defence Science Journal, Vol 43, No 4, October 1993, pp
323-349.
4. Y. B. Liu, S. C. Lim, L. Lu, M. O. Lai, Recent development in the fabrication of metal matrixparticulate composites using powder metallurgy techniques, Journal of Materals Science 29 (1994)
1999-2007.
45

MM 823

NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF


MATERIALS

3 credits [3-0-0]

Liquid Penetration Test (LPT) , Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT) and Radiography: Visual
examination; liquid penetrant testing procedure; penetrant testing materials, penetrant
testing method sensitivity; application and limitations; magnetic particle testing; definition
and principle; magnetizing technique, procedure, equipment sensitivity and limitation;
radiography basic principle, electromagnetic radiation in film, radiographic imaging,
inspection techniques, applications, limitations, real time radiography, safety in industrial
radiography.
[12 hours]
Eddy current and ultrasonic techniques: Eddy current testing principle, instrument
techniques, sensitivity application, limitation; ultrasonic testing basic properties of sound
beam, ultrasonic transducers, inspection methods, technique for normal beam inspection, flaw
characterization technique, ultrasonic flaw detection equipment modes of display, immersion testing,
advantage, limitations; acoustic emission testing principles of AET and techniques.
[10 hours]
Application of NDT to finished products: and selection of NDT methods defects like casting
defects, forging and rolling defect, extrusion defect, drawing defect, grinding cracks, heat
treating cracks, service defects; selection of NDT methods- VE, LPT, MPT, ECT, RT, UT, AET and
thermography; selection of instrumentation for various NDT methods; reliability in NDT. Failure
analysis: methodology; approaches, tools and techniques of failure analysis; modes of failure; failure
data retrieval; procedural steps for investigation of a failure for failure analysis.
[16 hours]
Failure Characterization: Improvements (design, material) derived from failure analysis; two
case studies; application of fracture mechanics concepts to design for safety.
[4 hours]
Text Books:
1. Baldev Raj, Jayakumar T., Thavasimuthu M., Practical Non-Destructive Testing, Narosa
Publishing, 1997.
2. Das A.K., Metallurgy of Failure Analysis, TMH, 1992.
Reference Books:
1. Hull, Non-Destructive Testing, ELBS Edition, 1991
2. Halmshaw R., - Non-Destructive Testing, Edward Arnold.
3. Rolfe T., Barson J., Fracture and Fatigue Control and Structure Application of Fracture
Mechanics, Prentice Hall.

46

MM 824

SECONDARY STEEL MAKING

3 credits [3-0-0]

Introduction: Brief review of primary steel making processes, composition of the crude steel, need for
secondary refining, objective of secondary steel making, physico-chemical principles of Secondary
steel making, Slag basicity and capacities, secondary steel making equipment and processes,
preheating and recycling of ladles.

[8 hours]

Furnace tapping operations; Phenomena during furnace tapping; carry over slag and slag detection
devices; slag making in ladles and de-oxidation: common de-oxidisers

and requirement of de-

oxidisers; addition methodology; melting and dissolution of de-oxidsers; de-oxidation thermodynamics


and kinetics; simple vs. complex de-oxidation; De-oxidation products; Elementary de-oxidation
calculations.

[8 hours]

Inert Gas Stirring in Ladles (objectives, Devices, gas flow regimes, stirring energy and stirring
intensity); Temperature and Composition Control in Ladles (arcing, alloying addition and aluminium
wire feeding)

[4 hours]

Degassing and Decarburization in liquid steel: Introduction, Principles and thermodynamics of


reactions in vacuum degassing, equipments and degassing Methods and their relative merits and
demerits; slag eye area and re-oxidation, fluid flow and mixing in vacuum degassing, rates of vacuum
degassing and decarburization, decarburization for Ultra-low carbon (ULC) and stainless steel.
[8 hours]
Desulfurization in secondary steelmaking: Introduction, thermodynamics aspects, desulfurization with
only top slag, injection metallurgy for Desulfurization.

[4 hours]

Inclusions and inclusion modification: Introduction, Influence of inclusions on the mechanical


properties of steel, Inclusion identification and cleanliness assessment, origin of nonmetallic
inclusions, formation of inclusions during solidification, inclusion modification.

[6 hours]

Clean steel and definition; Inclusions in Steel and Calcium Treatment (cored wire injection. objectives
and devices reactions, calcium recovery and inclusion morphology and composition)

47

[4 hours]

TEXT BOOKS:
1. A. Ghosh, and A. Chatterjee, , Principles and Practices in Iron and Steelmaking, Prentice Hall of
India, New Delhi, 2008.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A. Ghosh, Secondary Steelmaking, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2000.
2. Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel (Steelmaking and Refining), 10th Edition, 1985, AISE,
Pittsburgh.
MM 825

ADVANCES IN IRON AND STEEL MAKING

3 credits [3-0-0]

An Assessment of the technology, Charge material and the charging device, Distribution of burden in
the blast furnace, The various zones inside the furnace and the role played by them in the iron making
process.
[5 hours]
The physical chemistry of blast furnace reaction,Transport phenomena of blast furnace process,
Recent innovations, Solid injection through tuyers, Technological status of blast furnace operation
control, Slag-metal reactions, Possible Measures for energy conservation, Mathematical modeling of
blast furnace.
[7 hours]
Deoxidation and Inclusion Modification, Secondary steel refining technology Principle of vacuum
degassing of liquid steel; tank and circulation degassing (RH,DH, RHOB, RHPB) processes,
submerged powder injection and cored wire injection for desulphurization; inclusion modifications,
manufacture of IF steels.
[7 hours]
Ladle furnace practices-ASEA-SKF and Finkl Mohar, Practical examples on modeling of ladle stirring
operations. Continuous casting of steel-Design of the tundish, control of liquid metal flow from ladle to
tundish and tundish to mould-prevention of gas packup, Vortex formation, elimination of dead zones in
the tundish-design and placement of dams weirs and porous plugs in the tundish.
[7 hours]
Design of continuous casting mould and withdrawal system, mould flux and mould vibration; Effect of
process parameters on defects in cast billets; Problems of continuous casting high carbon steels.
[4 hours]
Thin strip casting-recent advances in the twin drum process of thin strip casting, control of
microstructure of the thin strip, heat transfer principles involved. Thermodynamic and related
calculations in steel making a equilibrium constants, vaporization losses, residual gas content after
vacuum degassing, stirring energy in a gas stirred and in an induction stirred bath, coagulation and
flotation of inclusions etc.
[6 hours]
Applications of heat and material balance to steel making processes- estimation of temperature , melt
composition, etc.
[4 hours]
48

Text Books:
1. Ghosh, A. and Chatterjee, A., Principles and Practices in Iron and Steel making, Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi, 2008.
2. Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel (Steelmaking and Refining), 10th Edition, 1985,
AISE, Pittsburgh.

Open elective-2
XE 831

Human Resource Management

3 credits [3-0-0]

Studying of Characters of individuals in terms of Behavioural Pattern.


[4]
Framework of human resource development: influences on employee behaviour, learning and HRD, assessing
HRD needs, designing and implementing HRD programs, evaluating HRD programs.
[5]
Recruitment Methods and its policy.
[3]
Applications of human resource development: employee socialization and orientation, skills and technical
training, coaching and performance management, mentoring, employee counselling and wellness services.
[7]
Career management and development, management development; Organization development and change;
Contemporary issues: knowledge management and learning organizations, competency mapping, intellectual
capital management.
[9]
Motivation and Study of Performance appraisal methods .
[3]
Wage Theory And its application .
[2]
[4]
BPR, TQM and empowerment, stress and time management.
Trade unions and its role in HRM .
[2]
HRM in the text century .
[1]
TEXT BOOKS:
David A. DeCenzo and Stephen P. Robbins, Human Resource Management, Prentice hall of India.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ghosh A.K., Human Resource Management, Manas Publications, 2007.
2. Dessler G. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management Pearson Education; First edition, 2010.

MM 851

METAL JOINING LABORATORY

2 credits [0-0-3]

Joint Preparation

[6 hours]

Practice of oxy-acetylene welding

[3 hours]

Butt joint by manual metal arc Welding (MMAW)

[6 hours]

Butt joint by MIG and TIG;

[6 hours]

Observation of microstructures Weld metal and HAZ joined by MMAW,


MIG and TIG.

[12 hours]

Observation of weld joint using DCSP and DCRP technique.

[3 hours]

49

Mechanical tests such as hardness, tensile and bend of weld joints.

[6 hours]

Non- destructive tests of weld joints.

[9 hours]

Text Books:
1. Fabrication, Welding & Metal Joining Processes: A Textbook for Technicians and Craftsmen, C.R.
Flood, Butterworths, 1981.
2. Principles of welding technology L M Gourd, Edward Arnold / ELBS, London, 1980.
Reference Books:
1. Welding Engineering, B. E. Rossi, McGraw Hill New York
2. Welding Metallurgy, Sindo Kou, A John Wiley and Sons Incorporation Publication.

MM 852

TESTING OF MATERIALS-II LABORATORY

2 credits [0-0-3]

Tribological behavior of conventional and advanced structural materials

[3 hours]

Abrasive wear behavior of materials

[3 hours]

NDT Testing (Die penetrating test and magnetic particle testing)

[6 hours]

Effect of strain rate on tensile deformation behavior of materials

[6 hours]

Electron Microscopy

[6 hours]

Fractography

[6 hours]

Advanced applications of X-ray diffraction in Physical Metallurgy Analysis of powder diffraction


pattern

[6 hours]

Determination of rolling and fibre texture etc.

[6 hours]

Spectroscopy

[6 hours]

Dilatometry studies to determine the critical temperature

[6 hours]

Text Books:
1. Mechanical Metallurgy, George E. Dieter, International Student Edition Mc. Graw-Hill Kogakusha
Ltd. Fourth(S. I. Metric) Edition 1988.
2. Mechanical Testing of Engineering Materials, Kyriakos Komvopoulos, 2010.

50

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