CNG/LPG Leakage Detection and Accidential Prevention System Using GSM

MINI PROJECT REPORT 2016
CNG/LPG LEAKAGE DETECTION AND ACCIDENTIAL

PREVENTION SYSTEM USING GSM
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
CNG/LPG consists of mixture of propane and butane which is highly flammable
chemical. It is odorless gas due to which Ethane oil is added as powerful odorant, so
that leakage can be easily detected. There are other international standards like EN589,
amyl Mercaptane and Tetrahydrothiophene which are most commonly used as odorants.
LPG is one of the alternate fuels used now days. Sometimes liquefied petroleum gas is
also known as LPG, LP gas, Auto gas etc. This gas is commonly used for heating
appliances, hot water, cooking, and various other purposes also. LPG is also used as an
alternate fuel in vehicles due to soaring in the prices of petrol and diesel. Some people
have low sense of smell, may or may not respond on low concentration of gas leakage.
In such a case, gas leakage security systems become an essential and help to protect
from gas leakage accidents.
Bhopal gas tragedy was an example of gas leakage accident in India. This was
worlds worst gas leakage industrial accident. Gas leakage detection is not only
important but stopping leakage is equally essential. Unlike a traditional gas leakage
alarm system which only senses a leakage and sounds an alarm, the idea behind our
solution is to turn off the main power supply and gas connection as soon as a gas
leakage is detected apart from sounding the alarm. In addition to this, a call is sent to an
authorized person informing him about the leakage.
The main units of this security system are sensor unit, microcontroller unit and
GSM modem. For detecting dangerous & flammable gas leaks in any closed
environment such as a car, house, service station or storage tank, a gas sensor is used
which detects natural gas, LPG and coal gas. This sensor can also be used to sense
other gases like iso-butane, propane and even cigarette smoke.
Initially, the microcontroller sends signal to the GSM module and if the GSM
module is connected properly with the microcontroller it sends an acknowledgement
signal back to the Microcontroller. When the system is on the gas valve is open and
power supply is on. Then if there is any gas leakage in the atmosphere it is detected by
the gas sensor unit using MQ-6 sensor. After the sensor unit detects the gas leakage, a
signal is sent to the ADC unit of the microcontroller which then sends activation signal
to other external devices connected to it such as buzzer and GSM module. Then the
DEPT.OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
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GSM module gets activated which sends a warning CALL to the user, buzzer generates
a sound and power supply is turned off. At the end, when the gas leakage is successfully
stopped then with the help of reset button the whole system is made to reach its initial
stage. The MQ-6 Gas Sensor is a semiconductor type gas sensor which detects gas
leakage by comparing the concentration of ethanol which is present as a mixture in the
LPG with air. It then gives analog voltage as output.
1.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this manual is to provide explanation and operation of CNG/LPG
leakage detection and accident prevention system using GSM.
1.2 SCOPE
This report provides details of CNG/LPG leakage detection system components
and development of security system.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
Ashish Shrivastava et.al [1] proposed the leakage detection and real time gas
monitoring system. In this system, the gas leakage is detected and controlled by means
of turn of the power supply and gas valve. At the end, when the gas leakage is
successfully stopped then with the help of reset button the whole system is made to
reach its initial stage. The MQ-6 Gas Sensor is a semiconductor type gas sensor which
detects gas leakage by comparing the concentration of ethanol which is present as a
mixture in the LPG with air. It then gives analog voltage as output.
Tanvira Ismail et.al [2] discussed the system in which the leakage is detected by
the gas sensor and produces the results in the audio and visual forms. It provides a
design approach on software as well as hardware. After the sensor unit detects the gas
leakage, a signal is sent to the ADC unit of the microcontroller which then sends
activation signal to other external devices connected to it such as buzzer and GSM
module
Ratnesh Prabhaker et.al [3] described that the system in which two types of
gases namely LPG and CNG are detected for home safety as well for vehicles. The main
units of this security system are sensor unit, microcontroller unit and GSM modem. For
detecting dangerous & flammable gas leaks in any closed environment such as a car,
house, service station or storage tank, a gas sensor is used which detects natural gas,
LPG and coal gas. This sensor can also be used to sense other gases like iso-butane,
propane and even cigarette smoke.
Rajeev Kumar et.al [4] proposed the smart sensor technology (MQ-6). In this
flexible reliable smart gas detection system is developed and the system resetting
manually after every situation. The main units of this security system are sensor unit.
For detecting dangerous & flammable gas leaks in any closed environment such as a
car, house, service station or storage tank, a gas sensor is used which detects natural
gas, LPG and coal gas. This sensor can also be used to sense other gases like iso-butane,
propane and even cigarette smoke.
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Prof.M.Amsaveni et.al [5] discussed a cost-effective, automatic Liquefied

Petroleum Gas (LPG) leakage detection system. The system detects the leakage of the
LPG and alerts the consumer about the leak and as an emergency measure the system
will switch of the power supply and gas valve and also checks the leakage. The
proposed system makes use of GSM module in order to alert about the gas leakage via a
call whenever the system detects the increase in the concentration of the LPG it
immediately alerts by activating an alarm and simultaneously sending call to the
specified mobile phones. The exhaust fan is switched on and an LPG safe solenoid
valve fitted to the cylinder is given a signal to close avoiding further leakage. The
device ensures safety and prevents suffocation and explosion due to gas leakage.
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CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
3.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:
The complete project specifications are analyzed and the requirements have been
documented as follows. The various hardware and software requirements are shown in
Table 3.1 and Table 3.2.
TABLE 3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
ATmega16A
Microcontroller
12V
Relay
BC 337
NPN
BC 547
NPN
SimconSIM900A
GSM Module
5V
Buzzer
ORIFICE 2.5 MM TYPE HR2
Solenoid Valve
MQ-6
Gas Sensor
TABLE 3.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS
AVR Microcontroller
FLOWCODE 5
programming
Stimulation Circuit designing
PROTEUS DESIGN SUIT 8.3
IC burning
FLYPRO V3.39
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3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

LPG is one of the alternate fuels used now days. Sometimes liquefied petroleum
gas is also known as LPG, LP gas, Auto gas etc. This gas is commonly used for heating
appliances, hot water, cooking, and various other purposes also. Some people have low
sense of smell, may or may not respond on low concentration of gas leakage. In such a
case, gas leakage security systems become an essential and help to protect from gas
leakage accidents.
This paper presents a security system for CNG/LPG leakage detection and
accident prevention system using GSM. It consists of many blocks. They are MQ-6
GAS sensor, ATmega16A, Power supply, GSM modem, Gas valve, Relay and Buzzer.
Fig no. 3.1 block diagram
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In the initial step, the gas leakage is detected by the gas sensor MQ-6. This
detects the gas leakage and gives the signal to the microcontroller. The ATmega16A is
the ADC inbuilt microcontroller, this converts the gas sensor analog output is to digital
signal. After that in second step the microcontroller receive the signal and it sends
activation signals to other external devices attached with it. Such as buzzer,
GSM module. In the last step, many tasks have been performed such as buzzer activates
simultaneously GSM module sends a call to the authority, and cut signals to gas valve
and relay. As a result main power and gas supplies turn off. At the end, when the gas
leakage is successfully stopped then with the help of reset button the whole system
reached to the initial stage.
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3.3 FLOWCHART
Fig no. 3.2 flowchart of the program
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Flowchart of the program written to the microcontroller is shown in figure

no.3.2. In this, the security system is turn ON, and then all the components are
initialized. In the initial stage gas valve is open and power supply is turn ON.
If the presence of gas leakage is detected by using gas sensor, then the buzzer is
generate sound to inform nearby people, GSM module send call to the authority, turn
OFF the power supply and gas valve.
After the solving of gas leakage problem press the reset switch to initialized the
all system components. That is gas valve is open and power supply is turn ON. The
presence gas leakage is check at every time.
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3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Given below the circuit diagram of the controller section and power supply
section in figure 3.3 and figure 3.4.
Fig no. 3.3 controller section
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Fig no. 3.4 power supply section
The figures 3.3 and 3.4 show the controller and power supply section. For the
initial condition of the system main power supply of the room is turn ON and gas valve
is open.
If the gas leakage is detected by the gas sensor MQ-6. This detects the gas
leakage and gives the signal to the microcontroller. The ATmega16A is the ADC inbuilt
microcontroller, this converts the gas sensor analog output is to digital signal. After that
in second step the microcontroller receive the signal and it sends activation signals to
other external devices attached with it. Such as buzzer, GSM module. In the last step,
many tasks have been performed such as buzzer activates simultaneously GSM module
sends a call to the authority, and cut signals to gas valve and relay. As a result main
power and gas supplies turn off. At the end, when the gas leakage is successfully
stopped then with the help of reset button the whole system reached to the initial stage.
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3.5 PCB LAYOUT

The PCB is wiring arrangement that is fabricated by means of foil runs on circuit
board. A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically support and electrically
connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or signal traces
etched from copper sheets laminated onto non conductive substrate.
Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are by far the most common method of assembling
modern electronic circuits. Comprised of a sandwich of one or more insulating layers
and one or more copper layers which contain the signal traces and the powers and
grounds, the design of the layout of printed circuit boards can be as demanding as the
design of the electrical circuit.
Most modern systems consist of multilayer boards of anywhere up to eight layers
(or sometimes even more). Traditionally, components were mounted on the top layer in
holes which extended through all layers. These are referred as through whole
components. More recently, with the near universal adoption of surface mount
components, you commonly find components mounted on both the top and the bottom
layers.
The design of the printed circuit board can be as important as the circuit design to
the overall performance of the final system. We shall discuss in this chapter the
partitioning of the circuitry, the problem of interconnecting traces, parasitic
components, grounding schemes, and decoupling. All of these are important in the
success of a total design.
PCB effects that are harmful to precision circuit performance include leakage
resistances, IR voltage drops in trace foils, and ground planes, the influence of stray
capacitance, and dielectric absorption (DA). In addition, the tendency of PCBs to absorb
atmospheric moisture means that changes in humidity often cause the contributions of
some parasitic effects to vary from day to day.
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In general, PCB effects can be divided into two broad categoriesthose that
most noticeably affect the static or dc operation of the circuit, and those that most
noticeably affect dynamic or ac circuit operation, especially at high frequencies. Here
the PCB layout is constructed Circuit Wizard software. The PCB layout of the system is
shown in figure no. 3.5
Fig no. 3.5 PCB layout
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CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
The hardware of the CNG/LPG leakage detection and accident prevention
system using GSM consist of microcontroller, gas sensor, GSM module, gas valve,
buzzer and relay.
4.1 MICROCONTROLLER: ATmega16A

The ATmega16A is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the
Atmel AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single
clock cycle, the ATmega16A achieves throughputs approaching 1MIPS per MHz
allowing the system designed to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.
The Atmel AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose
working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic
Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction
executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while
achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.
The device is manufactured using Atmel high density nonvolatile memory
technology. The ATmega16A is supported with a full suite of program and system
development
tools
including:
compilers,
macro
assemblers,
program
debugger/simulators, in-circuit emulators, and evaluation kits. The features of

ATmega16A is given below
4.1.1 GENERAL FEATURES
High-performance, Low-power Atmel AVR 8-bit Microcontroller
Advanced RISC Architecture.
High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments.
32 Programmable I/O Lines.
Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator.
Low power consumption (0.6 mA 1MHz 3v and 25C, Idle mode 0.2mA).
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4.1.2 PERIPHERAL FEATURES
Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescalers and Compare Modes.
One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescalers, Compare Mode and Capture
Mode.
Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator.
Four PWM Channels.
8-channel, 10-bit ADC z 8 Single-ended Channels.
7 Differential Channels in TQFP Package Only.
2 Differential Channels with Programmable Gain at 1x, 10x, or 200x.
Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface.

Programmable Serial USART.
Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface.
Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator.
On-chip Analog Comparator.
4.1.3 KEY FEATURES
16KBytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory.
512Bytes EEPROM
1KByte Internal SRAM.
Data retention: 20 years at 85C/100 years at 25C (1).
Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits.
Programming Lock for Software Security.

4.1.4 ANALOG FEATURES
8-channel, 10-bit ADC.
8 Single-ended Channels
2 Differential Channels with Programmable Gain at 1x, 10 xs, or 200 xs.
7 Differential Channels in TQFP Package Only.
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4.1.5 SPECIAL FEATURES

Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection.
Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator.
External and Internal Interrupt Sources.
Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down,
Standby and Extended Standby.
4.1.6 PIN DIAGRAM
The pin diagram of ATmega16A is shown in figure no. 3.6. The data sheet of the
ATmega16A is given in Appendix
Fig no. 4.1 Pin Diagram
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4.2 GAS SENSOR: MQ-6

The gas sensor is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as
part of a safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak and interface
with a control system so a process can be automatically shut down. MQ-6 is a simpleto-use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor, suitable for sensing LPG (composed of
mostly propane and butane) concentrations in the air. The MQ-6 can detect gas
concentrations anywhere from 200 to 10000ppm. This sensor has a high sensitivity and
fast response time.
Resistance value of MQ-6 is difference to various kinds and various concentration
gases. So, when using these components, sensitivity adjustment is very necessary. we
recommend that you calibrate the detector for 1000ppm of LPG concentration in air
and use value of Load resistance ( RL) about 20K(10K to 47K). When accurately
measuring, the proper alarm point for the gas detector should be determined after
considering the temperature and humidity influence. The data sheet of MQ-6 is given in
Appendix 2.
.
Fig no.4.2 MQ-6
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4.2.1 FEATURES
High sensitivity to LPG, iso-butane, propane.
Small sensitivity to alcohol, smoke.
Fast response.
Stable and long life
4.2.2 APPLICATION
They are used in gas leakage detecting equipment in family and industry, are
suitable for detecting of LPG, iso-butane, propane, LNG, avoid the noise of alcohol and
cooking fumes and cigarette smoke.
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4.3
GSM
MODULE

(GLOBAL
SYSTEM
FOR
MOBILE
COMMUNICATIONS)
GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is a cellular network, which
means that mobile phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity.
GSM networks operate in four different frequency ranges. Most GSM networks operate
in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands.
Some countries in the Americas use the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands because
the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands were already allocated. The rarer 400 and 450
MHz frequency bands are assigned in some countries, where these frequencies were
previously used for first-generation systems.GSM-900 uses 890915 MHz to send
information from the mobile station to the base station (uplink) and 935960 MHz for
the other direction (downlink), providing 124 RF channels (channel numbers 1 to 124)
spaced at 200 kHz. Duplex spacing of 45 MHz is used. In some countries the GSM-900
band has been extended to cover a larger frequency range. This 'extended GSM', EGSM, uses 880915 MHz (uplink) and 925960 MHz (downlink).
There are eight radio timeslots (giving eight burst periods) grouped into what is
called a TDMA frame. Half rate channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The
channel data rate is 270.833kbit/s, and the frame duration is 4.615ms.
In this project we use SIM900A GSM Module. The fig no. 3.8 shows the
SIM900A GSM Module. The data sheet of SIM900A GSM Module is shown in
Appendix 3.
Fig no. 4.3 GSM Module
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4.4 SOLENOID VALVE

A solenoid valve is an electromechanical device used for controlling liquid or gas
flow. The solenoid valve is controlled by electrical current, which is run through a coil.
When the coil is energized, a magnetic field is created, causing a plunger inside the coil
to move. Depending on the design of the valve, the plunger will either open or close the
valve.
Electric Rating:
12 V DC* / 24 V DC* / 36 V DC / 48 V DC
Current:
6 VA
Fig no. 4.4 Solenoid Valve
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4.5 BUZZER
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Buzzers are very widespread in usage and are found
on an incredible number of different devices. Buzzers are frequently employed to give a
user or operator an audio indication of the stage of a mechanical device. Buzzers are
very widespread in usage and are found on an incredible number of different devices.
A use for buzzers with which most people are likely familiar is on alarm clocks.
When the clock reaches a particular state of time, in this case the buzzer sounds to alert
the user that its time to wake up
Fig no. 4.5 Buzzer
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CHAPTER 5
SOFTWARE/TOOLS ENVIRONMENT
5.1 SOFTWARE 1: FLOWCODE 5
Flowcode is one of the Worlds most advanced graphical programming
languages for microcontrollers. The great advantage of Flowcode is that it allows those
with little experience to create complex electronic systems. Flowcode is available in
twenty languages and supports a wide range of devices. Separate versions are available
for the PICmicro (8-bit), AVR/Arduino, and dsPIC/PIC24 and ARM series of
microcontrollers.
Flowcode can be used with many microcontroller development
hardware solutions including those from Matrix such as Formula Flowcode, E-blocks,
MIAC and ECIO.
Flowcode 5 is available in around 20 languages: from Greek to Chinese, with all
characters and non-Latin fonts fully supported. Whilst English is the default language
of engineers internationally, having software in your language allows you to concentrate
on developing your programs, increasing your creativity and productivity.
5.1.1 BENEFITS
Save time and money Flowcode facilitates the rapid design of electronic systems
based of microcontrollers.
Easy to use interface simply drag and drop icons on-screen to create an
electronic system without writing traditional code line by line.
Fast and flexible Flowcode has a host of high level component subroutines
which means rapid system development. The flowchart programming method
allows developing microcontroller programs.
Error free results Flowcode works. What you design and simulate on-screen is
the result you get when you download to your microcontroller.
Open architecture Flowcode allows you to view C and ASM code for all
programs created and customize them. Access circuit diagram equivalents to the
system you design through our data sheets and support material.
Fully supported Flowcode is supported by a wide range of materials and books
for learning about, and developing, electronic systems.
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Core-independent Flowcode programs developed for one microcontroller easily

transfers to another microcontroller.
Fig no. 5.1 main page

5.1.2 FEATURES
Supported microcontrollers Microchip PIC 10, 12, 16, 18, dsPIC, PIC24, Atmel
AVR/Arduino, Atmel ARM.
Supported communication systems Bluetooth, CAN, FAT, GPS, GSM, I2C,
IrDA, LIN, MIDI, One wire, RC5, RF, RFID, RS232, RS485, SPI, TCP/IP,
USB, Wireless LAN, ZigBee.
Supported components ADC, LEDs, switches, keypads, LCDs, Graphical color

LCD, Graphical mono LCDs, Sensors, 7-segment displays, Internal EEPROM,
comms systems, Touch screen LCD, Web server.
Supported mechatronics Accelerometer, PWM, Servo, Stepper, and Speech.
Supported subsystems MIAC, MIAC expansion modules, Formula Flowcode.

Panel designer Design a panel of your choice on-screen and simulate it.
In-Circuit Debug (ICD) when used with EB006 PIC Multiprogrammer, EB064
dsPIC/PIC24 Multiprogrammer or Flow Kit.
Tight integration with E-blocks each comms system is supported by E-blocks
hardware.
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Virtual networks Co-simulation of many instances of Flowcode for multi-chip

systems.
Co-simulation of MIAC based systems with MIAC expansion
modules.
5.2 SOFTWARE 2: PROTEUS DESIGN SUIT 8.3

Proteus is one of the most famous simulators. It can be uses to simulate almost
every circuit on electrical fields. It is easy to use because of the GUI interface that is
very similar to the real Prototype board. Moreover, it can be used to design Print Circuit
Board (PCB).
Proteus has many features to generate both analogue and digital result.
However, this lab will focus on only tools that will be used in digital schematic designs.
Proteus that will be used in the lab is version 6.9 with service pack 9 can be called from
Start>>Program>>Proteus 6 Professional>>ISIS 6 professional
Proteus 8.3 represents over three years continuous development and includes
improvements to every area of the software suite. Major work on the application
framework together with the introduction of a common database provides a much
smoother workflow for users while the rich new feature set saves time and effort in the
design lifecycle. A demonstration version can be downloaded directly from the Lab
center website and you can then either watch getting started movies from the application
home page or access the tutorial documentation for evaluation.
The 3D Viewer is a top level application module and launches as a new tab
inside Proteus 8.3. Like other application modules you can drag and drop it into a new
window if you want to view is alongside another module (e.g. ARES). The rendering
code for the 3D Viewer has been re- written to support both DirectX and OpenGL and
also to make it multi-threaded. Render times on machines with 4 or more cores can be
more than halved when compared with Proteus 7. These speed gains make possible an
automatic update between ARES and the 3D Viewer such that changes to the PCB are
automatically reflected in the 3D View.
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Fig no. 5.2 Schematic capture
5.2.1 OVERVIEW
The main theme of the Proteus 8.3 release is integration. Development has
therefore been focused on taking the various discrete parts of an electronic design and
coupling them together to achieve a better workflow. In order to achieve this, three
major architectural changes were necessary; a unified application framework, a
common database and a live netlist.
5.2.2 APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
Proteus 8.3 consists of a single application with many modules (ISIS, BOM,
ARES, 3D Viewer, etc.). Modules open in tabs within the application window but can
then be dragged and dropped to create additional windows and enable side-by-side
viewing. The Proteus 8.3 application includes a dedicated home page which, along with
easy access to help and project launch, contains a news and information panel.
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Fig no.5.3 Device list
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5.3 PCB ETCHING

The developed PCB is etched with a 220 g/l solution of ammonium
peroxydisulfate (NH4)2S2O8 a.k.a. ammonium persulfate, 220 gram added to 1 liter of
water and mix it until everything is dissolved. Theoretically it should be possible to etch
slightly more than 60 grams of copper with 1 liter etching solution. Assume 50%
efficiency, about 30 grams of copper. With a thickness of 35 m copper on your PCB
this covers a copper area of about 1000 cm2.
Unfortunately the efficiency of the etching solution degrades, dissolved
ammonium peroxydisulfate decomposes slowly. You better make just enough etching
solution you need to etch. For an etching tray of about 20 x 25 cm a minimum practical
amount is 200-250 ml solution. So you dissolve about 44 grams ammonium
peroxydisulfate into 200 ml or 55 grams into 250 ml water.
Fig no. 5.4 PCB layout model
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Etching at ambient temperature might take over an hour, it is better to heat up

the etching solvent to about 35-45 degrees Celsius. The etching solution heating up
could be done in a magnetron, this takes about 40 to 60 seconds in a 850W magnetron
depending on the initial temperature of the etching solution (hint: first try this with just
water to determine the timer setting of the magnetron). The etching - rocking the
etching tray - takes about 15-30 minutes at this temperature. If you have a heated, airbubble circulated etching fluid tank available, this is probably the fastest way to etch. At
higher temperatures the etching performance decreases. The etching process is an
exothermic reaction, it generates heat. Take care, cool your etching tray when
necessary! You should minimize the amount of copper to etch by creating copper area
in your PCB layout as much as possible. When starting the etching process and little to
etch it is difficult to keep the etching solution at 35-45 degrees Celsius. It helps to fill
for example the kitchen sink with warm water and rock the etching tray in the filled
kitchen sink.
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CHAPTER 6
ASSEMBLY & SOLDERING
6.1 ASSEMBLY
Assembly consists of soldering of components and wires on to the PCB and
mechanical fitting of wired PCB and other assemblies. Testing is carried out even at a
design phase itself in breadboard level to verify the design, so that little or no circuit
changes are required after designing the PCB.
6.2 SOLDERING
Soldering is a delicate manual skill which only comes with practice. Remember
that your ability to solder effectively will determine directly how well the prototype or
product functions during its lifespan. Poor soldering can be an expensive business causing product failure and downtime, engineer's maintenance time and customer
dissatisfaction. At hobbyist level, bad soldering technique can be a cause of major
disappointment which damages your confidence.
Turning to the actual techniques of soldering, firstly it's best to secure the work
somehow so that it doesn't move during soldering and affect your accuracy. In the case
of a PCB, various holding frames are fairly popular especially with densely populated
boards: the idea is to insert all the parts on one side ("stuffing the board"), hold them in
place with a special foam pad to prevent them falling out, turn the board over and then
snip off the wires with cutters before making the joints. Once they are heated the solder
can be applied. The solder should flow through and around the component and the
track. Having completed soldering the circuit the extended legs on the components need
to be trimmed using wire clippers. The circuit is now ready for testing.
6.3 TESTING
After soldering the components on to the PCB, the board is thoroughly cleaned
for any residual flux and wire leads. All the components are checked for their value and
for the proper orientation, if applicable. Before ICs are inserted into the sockets, power
applied to the board and voltages are measured at the IC power point. Power is switched
off before the ICs are inserted.
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CHAPTER 7
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
7.1 ADVANTAGES
The Project is easy to use and it gives remote indication to the user.
The Sensor used in this Project has excellent sensitivity combined with a quick
fast response time.
The system is highly reliable, tamper-proof and secure.
In the long run the maintenance cost is very less when compared to the present
systems.
It is possible to get instantaneous results and with high accuracy.
7.2 DISADVANTAGES
The life time of gas sensor is depending on the type of gas to be detected.
The gas will flow only after the safety valve is opened.
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CHAPTER 8
APPLICATIONS AND SCREEN SHOTS
8.1 APPLICATIONS
To protect ourselves from any gas leakage in cars, industries, homes, hospitals,
storage tanks, pipelines etc.
To safeguard ourselves from gas leakage in heating gas fired appliances like
boilers, domestic water heaters.
To be used in large industries which use gas as their production.
To provide safety from gas leakage in cooking gas fired appliances like ovens,
stoves etc.
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8.2 SCREEN SHOTS
Fig no.8.1 - Controller section
Fig no.8.2 GSM connected to controller
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Fig no.8.3 MQ-6 connected to controller
Fig no. 8.4 exhaust fan, gas valve
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Fig no.8.5 complete circuit arrangement
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CHAPTER 9
RESULT
This system has been tested by taking a small amount of LPG/spirit gas
near to the sensor. MQ-6 gas sensor detects the LPG gas and sends a signal to the
microcontroller. After that microcontroller send an active signal to other externally
connected devices. As a result a buzzer rings. Simultaneously main power and gas
supply turns off with the help of relay and GSM module send a call to the user. When
reset button impressed, the system refreshes itself and whole system regains its initial
position
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CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION
In this system we have describe a new approach for gas leakage detection
system at a low concentration. The leakage is detected with the help of MQ-6 gas
sensor. Sensor sends signal to microcontroller. In the next step microcontroller sends an
active signal to other externally connected devices. This system can be implemented for
detecting various gases either in domestic area such as places of educational institutions,
residential and industrial areas which avoids endangering of human lives. This system
provides quick response rate and the diffusion of the critical situation can be made faster
than the manual methods.
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CHAPTER 11
FUTURE SCOPE
The solution provided can be further enhanced by displaying in the LCD unit
how much amount of gas is leaked. We can also incorporate the location detection
feature for the gas leakage area for which using GPS. By placing a weight sensor we
can observe the remaining amount of gas in the cylinder and we can automatically the
book the cylinder using GSM module via SMS.
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CHAPTER 12
REFERENCES
1. GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System [Ashish Shrivastava, Ratnesh
Prabhaker, Rajeev Kumar and Rahul Varma.](International Journal of Emerging
Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE ISSN: 2320-9569))
2. GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System with Preventive Measures [Tanvira
Ismail, Devoleena Das, Jyotirmoy Saikia, Jyotirmoy Deka] (International Journal Of
Electronics And Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET))
3. GSM based LPG leakage detection and controlling system [Prof.M.Amsaveni,
A.Anurupa, R.S.Anu Preetha, C.Malarvizhi, and M.Gunasekaran]
(The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES ISSN: 2319 1805))
4. WWW.ATMEL .COM (ATmega16A)
5. WWW.SIMCOM.COM (SIM 900A)
6. WWW.HWSENSOR .COM (MQ-6 GAS SENSOR)
7. ELECTRONICS FOR YOU
8. WIKIPEDIA
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