07 r050210202 Electrical Machines I

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Code No: R050210202 Set No. 1

II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
ELECTRICAL MACHINES - I
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. With the help of neat diagram obtain the expression for the energy stored in a
magnetic system for a simple attracted armature type relay. Explain the operation
of system.
2. (a) With neat sketch explain the construction of Commutator. What is relation
between armature slots and Commutator segments? Explain why mica is used
as insulating material in Commutator?
[16]
(b) In a DC generator fluxes are directly proportional to 1.2 * field current. The
generator is working at a speed of 200 rpm and flux per pole is 30 mwb. If
the generator is lap wounded with 600 conductors in series, find the EMF
generated. If the winding is wave wound, find the change in excitation current
to obtain the same voltage as above. Number of poles in machine are 6.[8+8]
3. (a) Explain about demagnetizing Ampere turn per pole and Cross magnetizing
Ampere Turn per pole.
(b) What is the purpose of compensating winding? Explain in detail. [8+8]
4. What is critical speed? How do you calculate the critical speed in laboratory. [16]
5. (a) Sketch and explain the load characteristics of DC generators. Also give their
fields of application.
(b) A separately excited generator with constant excitation is connected to a con-
stant load. When the speed is 1200 rpm, it delivers 120A at 500V. At what
speed will the current be reduced to 60A ? Armature resistance is 0.1 ohm.
Armature reaction may be ignored. [8+8]
6. (a) Define torque. Derive the expression for torque developed by a D.C. motor
from fundamentals.
(b) Determine the torque developed when a current of 30A passes through the
armature of a motor with the following particulars: lap winding, 310 conduc-
tors, 4-pole, pole-shoes 16.2 cm long subtending an angle of 600 at the centre,
bore radius 16.2 cm, flux density in air gap 0.7 tesla. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the use of semiconductor devices in speed control of DC motors.
(b) A 220 V DC shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 Ω and field circuit
resistance of 220 Ω. It takes a line current of 41 Amps, when delivering full
load torque. If it is desired to raise the speed by 60 % with the load torque
remaining constant, find the additional resistance to be inserted in the field
circuit. [8+8]
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8. (a) A DC motor is fed from a constant voltage supply runs at 900 RPM. At this
speed hysteresis loss is 70 W and eddy current loss is 40 W. If the motor speed
is increased to 1000 RPM by reducing the flux, calculate the new core loss.
Take Steinmitz’s constant as 1.6 and neglect armature circuit resistance.
(b) Explain different iron losses. How these losses can be reduced. [10+6]
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1. Two coupled coils have self and mutual inductances of L11 = 2+ 2x 1
, L22 = 1+ 2x
over a certain range of linear displacement x. Find the expression for the time-
average force of field origin at x = 0.5 m if
(a) Both coils are supplied with a voltage source of 150 cos 628t Volts
(b) If second coil is shorted and first coil is excited with a voltage source of 300
cos 628t volts.
2. (a) What is an equalizer connection? What is necessity of equalizer connection?

[8+8]
1
, L12 = 2x
(b) An 8 pole DC generator has per pole flux of 40mWb and winding is connected
in lap with 960 conductors. Calculate the generated EMF on open circuit
when it runs at 400 rpm. If the armature is wave wound at what speed must
the machine be driven to generate the same voltage. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain experimental determination of critical field resistance for a self excited
generator?
(b) What are the causes and indication of over load generator. [8+8]
5. (a) Explain the external characteristic of DC series generator. Why does the
terminal voltage start decreasing after a certain value of load current? Also
give its applications.
(b) A separately excited generator with constant excitation is connected to a con-
stant load. When the speed is 1000 rpm, it delivers 120A at 500V. At what
speed will the current be reduced to 60A ? Armature resistance is 0.1 ohm,
Contact drop/brush is 1V. Armature reaction may be ignored. [8+8]
6. (a) Discuss Armature reaction and commutation in DC motors. Explain their

effects on the performance of the motor and give remedies to their effects.
(b) A 6-pole DC motor has a wave connected armature with 87 slots, each slot
containing 6 conductors. The flux per pole is 20 m.wb and the armature has
a resistance of 0.13 ohm when the motor is connected to 240V supply and the
armature draws a current of 80A driving a load of 15KW. Calculate
i. Speed
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ii. Armature Torque and
iii. shaft Torque. [10+6]
7. (a) Explain the functions of NVC and OLC in 4 Point starter. What are the
advantages and limitations of this starter on 3 point starter?
(b) The EMF developed in the armature of a shunt generator at 1155 RPM is
240 Volts for a field current of 4.5 Amps and 255 V for a field current of 5
Amps. The generator is now used as a motor on a 260 V supply and takes an
armature current of 75 Amps. Find the motor speed, when the field current
is adjusted to 4.8 Amps, total armature resistance is 0.12 Ω. [6+10]
8. (a) Explain constant and variable losses. Draw the graph of losses v/s load.
(b) A 60 kW, 250 V shunt motor takes 16 Amp, when running light at 1440 RPM.
The hot resistance of the armature and field are 0.2 Ω and 125 Ω respectively.
i. Estimate the efficiency of the motor when taking 152 A.
ii. Also estimate the efficiency if working as generator and delivering a load
current of 151 A at 250 V. [6+10]
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1. (a) What are the significances of energy and coenergy in Energy conservation
system?
(b) Derive expression for the magnetic force developed in linear electromagnetic
system. [8+8]
2. (a) What is an equalizer connection? What is necessity of equalizer connection?

(b) An 8 pole DC generator has per pole flux of 40mWb and winding is connected
in lap with 960 conductors. Calculate the generated EMF on open circuit
when it runs at 400 rpm. If the armature is wave wound at what speed must
the machine be driven to generate the same voltage. [8+8]
generator?
5. (a) What are the reasons for the parallel operation of DC generators?
(b) What are the conditions necessary for parallel operation of DC shunt genera-
tors?
(c) Explain the conditions under which two shunt generators operating in parallel
share the total load in exact proportion to the machine ratings. [4+4+8]
6. (a) Discuss Armature reaction and commutation in DC motors. Explain their

effects on the performance of the motor and give remedies to their effects.
(b) A 6-pole DC motor has a wave connected armature with 87 slots, each slot
containing 6 conductors. The flux per pole is 20 m.wb and the armature has
a resistance of 0.13 ohm when the motor is connected to 240V supply and the
armature draws a current of 80A driving a load of 15KW. Calculate
i. Speed
ii. Armature Torque and
iii. shaft Torque. [10+6]
7. (a) Explain the functions of NVC and OLC in 3 Point starter. What are the
advantages and limitations of this starter on 4 point starter?
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(b) A DC shunt motor takes an armature current of 50 A at its rated voltage of
240 V. Its armature circuit resistance is 0.2 Ω. If an external resistance of 1 Ω
is inserted in series with the armature and the field flux remains un-changed,
then calculate:
i. Percentage change in speed for same load torque.
ii. Percentage change in speed for half of the load torque. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain effect of excitation, speed & load on the losses of a DC machine?
(b) A 230 V DC shunt motor is taking 5 A when running light. The armature
resistance is 0.2 Ω and field circuit resistance is 115 Ω. For an input current
of 72 A, calculate the shaft output and efficiency. Also calculate the armature
current at which the efficiency is maximum. [8+8]
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1. With the help of neat diagram obtain the expression for the energy stored in a
magnetic system for a simple attracted armature type relay. Explain the operation
of system. [16]
2. (a) What are interpoles? What is the purpose of interlopes? How the interpoles
winding is connected? How the interpoles are characterized? What is the
condition for the excitation for the interpoles?
(b) In a DC generator the generator EMF is 416 volts and terminal voltage is 400
volts, when the generator is supplying a load of 40 kW. If the voltage drop in
armature resistance, interpoles resistance and brushes is in the ratio 60:30:10,
find the resistance of each. If the load is reduced to carry 40 Amps, what will
be the voltage drop across each? [6+10]
3. (a) Illustrate the effect of armature reaction with neat diagrams

(b) A 22.38 kW, 440-V, 4-pole wave-wound d.c., shunt motor has 840 armature
conductors and 140 commutator segments. Its full-load efficiency is 88% and
the shunt field current is 1.8A. If brushes are shifted backward through 1.5
segments from the geometrical neutral axis, find the demagnetizing and dis-
torting amp-turn /pole. [8+8]
generator?
5. (a) Explain clearly why an equilizer connection makes it possible for two com-
pound generators to operate in parallel in stable equilibrium.
(b) Discuss the necessity for parallel operation of generators. Explain the parallel
operation of DC Series generators. [8+8]
6.
7. (a) With Neat diagram Explain the construction and working of 3-point starter
(b) A 2 ? pole lap wound DC shunt motor with 360 conductors operates at a
constant flux level of 50mWb. The motor armature has a resistance of 0.12 Ω
and is designed to operate at 240 V, taking a current of 60 A at full load.
i. Determine the value of external resistance to be inserted in the armature
circuit so that armature current does not exceed twice its full load value
at starting.
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ii. The external resistance is completely cut out when the motor reaches its
finale speed, with the armature current at the full load value. Calculate
the motor speed under these conditions. [8+8]
8. (a) A DC motor is fed from a constant voltage supply runs at 900 RPM. At this
speed hysteresis loss is 70 W and eddy current loss is 40 W. If the motor speed
is increased to 1000 RPM by reducing the flux, calculate the new core loss.
Take Steinmitz’s constant as 1.6 and neglect armature circuit resistance.
(b) Explain different iron losses. How these losses can be reduced. [10+6]
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com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

Code No: R050210202 Set No. 1

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Code No: R050210202 Set No. 1

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Code No: R050210202 Set No. 2

2. (a) What is an equalizer connection? What is necessity of equalizer connection?

6. (a) Discuss Armature reaction and commutation in DC motors. Explain their

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Code No: R050210202 Set No. 2

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Code No: R050210202 Set No. 3

2. (a) What is an equalizer connection? What is necessity of equalizer connection?

6. (a) Discuss Armature reaction and commutation in DC motors. Explain their

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Code No: R050210202 Set No. 3

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Code No: R050210202 Set No. 4

3. (a) Illustrate the effect of armature reaction with neat diagrams

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Code No: R050210202 Set No. 4

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