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Tense And Politness Level

In addition to make declarative, interrogative, imperative and "let's" sentences,at different levels of
politeness, you take the verb stem and add the following suffixes.
1. Declarative Sentences
Verb Ending

Politeness level

Tense

-//

Formal

Present

-//

Formal

Past

-()

Formal

Future

-/

Honorific

Present

-//-

Honorific

Past

-()

Honorific

Future

-//

Informal

Present

-//

Informal

Past

-()

Informal

Future

2. Interrogative Sentences
Verb Ending

Politeness level

Tense

-()

Formal

Present(used in future tense too)

-//+-()

Formal

Past

-/

Honorific

Present

-// +

Honorific

Past

-()

Honorific

Future

-()

Informal

Present (used in future tense too)

-//+-()

Informal

Past

3. Imperative Sentences
Verb Ending

Politeness level

Tense

-()

Formal

Present

-// +

Formal

Present

-()

Honorific

Present

Meaning
Implies the meaning "Do it for me"

-()

Informal

Present

4. "Let's" Sentences
Verb Ending

Politness level

Tense

-// (same as present tense)

Formal

Future

-/

Honorific

Future

Informal

Future

Various Endings
The following endings are either in (formal), either unconjugated. If you want to make sentences
you have to conjugate them (at what tense you want) or if you want to make (informal)
sentences, you just drop .See the tables above if you don't know the endings for tenses.
Korean

Romanization

Meaning

-ji ma-se-yo

Don't do it, don't do "something" (Ex:


= Don't cry.)

-ji an-ta

Negative form of verbs (Ex:


= to not eat)

-(eu)l-lae-yo

I Want to..., Do you want to...? (Ex:


= I want to go.)

-()

-(eu)myeon jo-ge-sseo-yo

I hope, I wish (Ex:


= I hope/wish this finishes
quickly.)

-()

-(eu)l su it-da

To can do something (Ex:


= I can eat.)

-()

-(eu)l su eops-da

To can not do something (Ex:


= I can't eat.)

-()

-(eu)l jul al-da

To "know how to do" something (Ex:


= I know how to eat.)

-(eu)l jul mo-reu-da

To "not know how to do" something


(Ex: = I don't know
how to eat.)

-()<ref>
Verb stems ending with a vowel
+ .
Verb stems ending with a
consonant + .</ref>

-()
-/<ref>
Verb stems ending with a vowel
+ .

-eul/reul jal ha-da

To be "good at" doing something (Ex:


= I'm good at
cooking/ I cook well.)

Verb stems ending with a


consonant + .</ref>
-/

-eul/reul jal mot ha-da

-//<ref>
Verb stems ending with a vowel
or + .
Verb stems ending with a
-a/eo/yeo-ya doe-da/ha-da
consonant or another vowel than
or , + .

To be "bad/poor at" doing something


(Ex: = I'm bad at
cooking.)

To "have to, must ,should" (Ex:


= You have to throw it.)

Verb stems ending with + .


</ref>- /
-()

-(eu)myeon an doe-da

To "don't have to, shouldnt, not


supposed to" (Ex: =
You're not supposed to throw it.)

-//

-a/eo/yeo-ji-da

To become + descriptive verb (Ex:


= To become cold.)

-()

-(eu)myeon

Verb ending for if (Ex: = If


you sleep...)

-go it-da

Present progressive(Ex:
= I am working)

-gi-man ha-da

Implies the meaning of "only" (Ex:


= to only see, to just look)

-ja-ma-ja

Implies the meaning of "right after",


"as soon as". (Ex: = As soon
as I see...)

-(eu)-ni-kka-yo or
-a/eo/yeo-seo-yo

Implies the meaning of "because",


"since", but -// can't be
used in imperative sentences (Ex:
= I'm busy so.../Because I'm
busy ...)

-() or -//

-()/ <ref>
- - used only with action
verbs and when the verb stem
ends with , you drop the
and add -
-() - used

-(eu)n/neun-ji-yo

Implies the meaning of "whether or


not" (Ex:? = You are ok
or you are not ok?)

only with descriptive


verbs and:
Verb stems ending with a
vowel + -
Verb stems ending with a
consonant + - </ref>
-()

-()

-(eu)l-kka-yo

-(eu)l-ge-yo

Shall we...? or I wonder... (Ex:?


= Shall we go?/ I wonder if should
we go.)
Your futures actions or decisions AS
A REACTION TO or AS A RESULT
OF what the
other person says (Ex:
=(If you say so) I will study.

-()

-(eu)ryeo-go ha-da

I'm planning to, it's about to, to intend


to (Ex: = to planning to
buy.)

-()/-/-()
<ref>
-() = present
tense for descriptive verbs / past
tense for action verbs
-(eu)n/-neun/-(eu)l geot ga- To look like/to seem like + verb (Ex:
- = present tense ta-yo
= It looks expensive.)
for action verbs
-() = future tense
for action/descriptive verbs
.</ref>

-()/-/-()

-(eu)n/-neun/-(eu)l geot
gat-da

Like above, it means "it seems


that","it looks like", but korean use
this more often when they want to say
"I THINK THAT..." in a way not to
direct (Ex: = I think
that's expensive (so let's go to another
place).)

-na bo-da

To assume, to suppose (based on a


fact), used only with action verbs (Ex:
= I guess you don't
know.)

-(eu)n-ga bo-da

To assume, to suppose (based on a


fact), used only with descriptive verbs
(Ex: = I guess you're
busy.)

-(eu)ryeo-na bo-da

To assume, to suppose (not based on a


fact, it's just your imagination), used
only with action verbs (Ex:
= I guess he will love me
(one day).)

-()

-(eu)l su-do it-da

Its possible that..., it might or it could


(Ex: = I might come/I
could came/ It's possible to come.)

-()

-(eu)l li-ga eops-da

It's impossible to, It can't be... (Ex:


= That's impossible.)

-//

-a/eo/yeo bo-da

To try doing something

-()

-(eu)l ppeon haet-da

To almost do something (Ex:


= To almost believed it.)

-ge doe-da

To end up doing something, to


eventually find oneself doing
something (Ex: = To end up
buying (something).)

-ja-na-yo

It's an expresion that means "You


see...", "Come on..." (Ex:
= You see, it's cute/ Come on, it's
cute.)

-ji-yo

Implies the meaning "Doesn't it/Isn't it


so?" (Ex: = It's cold, doesn't
it?)

-()

-(eu)l su ba-kke eopda

To have no other choice but to do


something. (Ex:
= to have no other choice but to
talk (to somebody).)

- or -

-go it-neun jung-i-da or


-neun jung

To be in the middle of + verb-ing (Ex:


= I'm in the middle
of working)

-(eu)n/neun gi-me

Represent an opportunity or reason to


do something, so it has the meaning
"since i am already", "while I am
there" (Ex: ... = Since/While
you are going to + another action)

-()

-()

-()/

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