Rr720207 Data Base Management Systems

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Code No: RR420207 Set No. 1

IV B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2008
DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) What is outer join ? What are its advantages over natural join? Give an
example.
(b) What is a domain constraint? Explain with an example.
2. (a) What are views? Discuss the problems encountered in modifying database
through views.
(b) What is an embedded SQL? Give examples.
3. (a) Construct a B tree of order 2 to maintain the keys 1,9,8,6,4,5 and 10.
[10+6]
[10+6]
(b) Show how 4 is replaced by 7 in the tree constructed in the above question.
[8+8]
4. (a) How does hybrid hash join improve upon the basic hash join algorithm.
(b) Give an example of how buffer replacement policies can affect the performance
of a join algorithm. [8+8]
5. (a) At what point during query processing does optimization occur.
(b) Consider the following SQL queries for a bank DB
select T.branch name
from branch T,branch S
where T.assets> S.assets
and S.branch city = ”Chennai”
Write an efficient relational-algebra expression that is equivalent to this query.
Justify
(c) What is multiple equivalence. How is multiple transformation done by the
following query?
Πcustomer name ( σbranch city = ”Chennai”(branch X (account X depositor)))
[4+6+6]
6. (a) Explain the following terms

i. Relationship instance
ii. Composite attribute
iii. Multivalued attribute
iv. Derived attribute. [2+2+2+3]
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(b) Construct an E-R diagram for a car insurance company with a set of customers,
each of whom owns a number of cars. Each car has a number of recorded
accidents associate with it. Determine the entities and relationships that exists
between the entities. Also construct the tabular representation of the entities
and relationships. [7]
7. (a) Write a note on
i. Conflict-serializable schedule
ii. View serializable schedule
iii. Strict schedule [3+3+4]
(b) State and Justify Thomas write rule and recoverability. [6]
8. Explain in detail the ARIES recovery method. [16]
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1. (a) What is DBMS? Explain the advantages of DBMS.
(b) What is a data model? Explain the relational data model.
2. (a) What are views? Discuss the problems encountered in modifying database
through views.
(b) What is an embedded SQL? Give examples.
[2+5=7]
[3+6=9]
3. (a) Which of the three basic file organizations would you choose for a file where
the most frequent operations are as follows,
[10+6]
i. Search for records based on a range of field values.

ii. Perform insert and scans where the order of records does not matter.
iii. Search for a record based on a particular field value.
(b) Define dense index.
(c) How does multi level indexing improve the performance of searching an index
file. [6+4+6]
4. (a) Describe in detail the structure of query optimizers.
(b) When must we create a nonclustering index despite the advantages of a clus-
tering index? Explain. [8+8]
5. (a) Discuss the reasons for converting SQL queries into relational algebra queries
before optimization is done.
(b) What is meant by query execution plan? Explain its significance. [10+6]
6. (a) Explain functional dependencies and multivalued dependencies with examples.

(b) Consider the relation R(A,B,C,D,E,F) and FD’s
A → BC F →A
C →A
D →E E →D
is the decomposition of R into R1 (A,C,D), R2 (B,C,D) and R3 (E,F,D) loss

less? Explain the requirement of loss less decomposition. [8+8]
7. Describe each of the following locking protocols.

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(a) 2PL.
(b) Strict 2PL.
(c) Conservative 2PL. [5+5+6]
8. (a) When a system recovers from a crash ? In what order must transaction be
Undone and Redone? Why is this order important?
(b) What is a log in the content of DBMS? How does check pointing eliminate
some of the problems associated with log based recovery? [8+8]
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1. (a) Distinguish between DDL and DML.
(b) Explain various integrity constraints.
2. (a) what are the various salient features of the QBE ?

(b) Explain the following :
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Relational database query.
Query language
SQL
Embedded SQL.
[6+10]
[2+2+2+3]
[7]
3. (a) Which of the three basic file organizations would you choose for a file where
the most frequent operations are as follows,
i. Search for records based on a range of field values.
ii. Perform insert and scans where the order of records does not matter.
iii. Search for a record based on a particular field value.
(b) Define dense index.
(c) How does multi level indexing improve the performance of searching an index
file. [6+4+6]
4. (a) Design a variant of the hybrid merge join algorithm for the case where both
relations are not physically sorted, but both have a sorted secondary index on
the join attributes.
(b) Show that with n relations, there are (2(n-1)) ! / (n-1) ! different join orders.
[8+8]
5. (a) Discuss the reasons for converting SQL queries into relational algebra queries
before optimization is done.
(b) What is meant by query execution plan? Explain its significance. [10+6]
6. (a) Construct an E-R diagram for university registrar’s office. The office maintains
data about each class, including the instructor, the enrollment and the time
and place of the class meetings. For each student class pair, a grade is recorded.
Determine the entities and relationships that exist between the entities. Also
construct the tabular representation of the entities and relationships.
(b) What is an entity type? What is an entityset? Explain the difference between
the entity, entity type and entityset? [10+6]
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7. (a) Explain ARIES Recovery algorithm with phases involved in it and principles
followed by ARIES?
(b) How the lock-based concurrency control performance is measured? [8+8]
8. Explain in detail the ARIES recovery method. [16]
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1. (a) What is join ? Explain the several variants of join.
(b) Define the division operation in relational algebra. Show that it can be derived
from the primitive operations defined in the relational algebra.
2. (a) Explain with an example about Aggregate functions and grouping in SQL.
(b) Assume the following relations:

STUDENT (Stname, Stnum, Totalmarks, Semester)
HOSTEL (Stnum, Roomnum)
[5+3=8]
[10+6]
Represent the following queries in SQL.

i. Get the details of 6th semester students
ii. Obtain the room number allotted to Girish
iii. Obtain the names of students staying in room number 24.
iv. Get the name and marks of student whose number is 24046 [2+2+2+2]
3. (a) Write a note on secondary indexes.

(b) Write a note on sparse and dense indexes. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain external sort - merge algorithm.
(b) Discuss about estimation of the size of joins.
5. (a) Write short notes on

- cost-based optimization
- heuristic optimization
(b) Detail on the structure of query optimization.
[10+6]
[5+5+6]
6. (a) Let R=(A,B,C,D,E) and let M be the following set of multivalued dependencies
A− >> BC
B− >> CD
E− >> AD
List the nontrivial dependencies in M+
(b) Describe the properties of normalized and unnormalized relations. [10+6]
7. (a) Explain Binary locks, Shared Locks and Exclusive locks ?

(b) What is the two phase locking protocal? How does is guarantee serializability.
[6+10]
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8. (a) When a system recovers from a crash ? In what order must transaction be
Undone and Redone? Why is this order important?
(b) What is a log in the content of DBMS? How does check pointing eliminate
some of the problems associated with log based recovery? [8+8]
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Code No: RR420207 Set No. 1

5. (a) At what point during query processing does optimization occur.

6. (a) Explain the following terms

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Code No: RR420207 Set No. 1

7. (a) Write a note on

8. Explain in detail the ARIES recovery method. [16]

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Code No: RR420207 Set No. 2

i. Search for records based on a range of field values.

4. (a) Describe in detail the structure of query optimizers.

6. (a) Explain functional dependencies and multivalued dependencies with examples.

is the decomposition of R into R1 (A,C,D), R2 (B,C,D) and R3 (E,F,D) loss

7. Describe each of the following locking protocols.

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Code No: RR420207 Set No. 2

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Code No: RR420207 Set No. 3

2. (a) what are the various salient features of the QBE ?

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Code No: RR420207 Set No. 3

8. Explain in detail the ARIES recovery method. [16]

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Code No: RR420207 Set No. 4

(b) Assume the following relations:

Represent the following queries in SQL.

3. (a) Write a note on secondary indexes.

5. (a) Write short notes on

7. (a) Explain Binary locks, Shared Locks and Exclusive locks ?

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Code No: RR420207 Set No. 4

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