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Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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2. (a) What are Miller indices? Draw (111) and (110) planes in a cubic lattice. [6]
(b) Explain Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction. [6]
(c) The Bragg’s angle for reflection from the (111) plane in a FCC crystal is 19.2o
for an X-ray wavelength of 1.54 A.U. Compute the cube edge of the unit cell.
[4]
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3. (a) What are matter waves? Explain their properties. [6]
(b) Derive the expression for de-Broglie wave length. [6]
(c) Calculate the wavelength associated with an electron having energy 2000 eV.
[4]
6. (a) Name two superconducting materials with their transition temperatures. [6]
(b) Describe the effect of magnetic field and isotropic effect on superconductivity.
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[6]
(c) For a specimen of V3 Ga, the critical fields are respectively 1.4 × 105 and
4.2 × 105 amp/metre for 14 K and 13 K. Calculate the transition temperature
and critical fields at 0 K and 4.2 K. [4]
8. (a) Explain the terms ‘numerical aperture’ and ‘acceptance angle’. [6]
(b) With the help of a suitable diagram explain the principle, construction and
working of an optical fibre as a wave guide. [6]
(c) An optical fibre has a core material of refractive index of 1.55 and cladding
material of refractive index 1.50. The light is launched into it in air. Calculate
its numerical aperture. [4]
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Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
www.andhracolleges.com
order diffraction. [4]
6. (a) How are the superconductors classified? Explain their properties. [6]
(b) What is Meissner effect? [6]
(c) Write notes on the applications of superconducting materials. [4]
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7. (a) Explain the characteristics of a laser beam. [4]
(b) Mention any two applications of laser, each in the field of scientific research,
engineering and medicine. [6]
(c) Describe the construction and working of a Ruby laser. [6]
8. (a) Define the relative refractive index difference of an optical fibre. Show how it
is related to numerical aperture. [6]
(b) Draw the block diagram of an optical fibre communication system and explain
the function of each block. [10]
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Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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diffraction possible. [4]
3. (a) Derive time independent Schrodinger’s wave equation for a free particle. [8]
(b) Explain the physical significance of wave function. [4]
(c) An electron is bound in a one-dimensional infinite well of width 1 × 10 −10
m.
Find the energy values in the ground state and first two excited states. [4]
6. (a) State the expression for the density of electrons and holes in an intrinsic semi-
conductor. [4]
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(b) Derive the expression for Fermi level. [6]
(c) Derive the relation between the intrinsic carrier concentration and absolute
temperature. [6]
8. (a) Derive expressions for the numerical aperture and the fractional index change
of an optical fibre. [8]
(b) Explain the advantages of optical communication system. [4]
(c) The numerical aperture of an optical fibre is 0.39. If the difference in the
refractive indices of the material of its core and the cladding is 0.05, calculate
the refractive index of material of the core. [4]
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Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Explain the “Unit Cell” and “Lattice Parameters”. What is a primitive cell
and how does it differ from unit cell? [6]
(b) Describe the crystal structure of CsCl. [4]
(c) Chromium has BCC structure. Its atomic radius is 0.1249 nm. Calculate the
free volume/unit cell. [6]
2. (a) Sketch the following planes of a cubic unit cell: (001), (120) and (2̄11). [3]
(b) Explain Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction. [5]
(c) Describe Laue’s method for determination of crystal structure. [8]
3. (a) Explain the influence of point defects in crystals and how do they affect the
properties of materials. [8]
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(b) Obtain an expression for the energy required to create a vacancy in the crystal.
[8]
4. (a) What are the salient features of the “free electron gas” model? Obtain Ohm’s
law based on it. [10]
(b) Explain the concept of “effective mass”. [6]
5. (a) Explain how magnetic materials are classified? [10]
(b) What is Bohr magneton? How it is related to magnetic moment of electron?
[6]
6. (a) Describe Josephson effects and their applications. [6]
(b) Write a note on flux quanitzation. [4]
(c) The London penetration depths for lead at 3 K and 7.1 K are respectively
39.6 nm and 173 nm. Calculate its transition temperature as well as depth at
0 K. [6]
7. (a) Explain the need of a cavity resonator in a laser. [6]
(b) With the help of suitable diagrams, explain the principle, construction and
working of a Ruby laser. [10]
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