Guideline 000.215.

1257
Date 22Aug05
Page 1 of 6

HOISTING FACILITIES

PURPOSE
This document establishes guidelines and recommended procedures for the design of
Hoisting Facilities.
SCOPE
This document illustrates the designs of Bridge Crane Girders, Monorails and Jib
Cranes/Davit Columns using the latest code references.
APPLICATION
This document deals with the analysis and design of Hoisting Facilities. Hoisting
facilities normally encountered in industrial plants are bridge cranes, monorails, and jib
cranes.
Bridge cranes and monorails are commonly used in buildings and structures as a means
of lifting and moving loads from one place to another for maintenance purposes.
Jib cranes are commonly used to move loads short distances such as in loading or
unloading, and for maintenance.
DEFINITIONS
Bridge Crane: A device supported by a pair of support girders to lift large loads and move
them from one place to another and commonly used inside buildings.
Monorail: A single beam supporting the hoist unit's bottom flange hanging from
connections to its top flange.
Jib Crane:
Wall bracket jib crane serves as a supplement to regular traveling crane or monorail
for smaller loads along the wall or bay. The jib crane rotates up to 200 degrees,
serving the area within the radius of the beam's span.

Free standing jib crane also serves as a supplement to overhead traveling cranes.
The free standing jib cranes offer up to 360 degrees rotation without being attached
to building structure.

DESIGN
CONDITIONS
The vertical and horizontal loads used in the design of Hoisting Facilities will consist of
the lifted load plus an impact load. Unless otherwise specified, the impact loads will be
taken as follows in accordance with either AISC (American Institute for Steel
Construction), 9th edition, or AISE (Association of Iron and Steel Engineers) Technical
Report No. 13, August 1, 1979. (Refer to note at the end of section.)
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Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 22Aug05
Page 2 of 6

HOISTING FACILITIES
AISC
Vertical Loads
(AISC Section 4.2)

Bridge Crane Runway Beams and Connections

For cab operated cranes, use 25 percent of the maximum crane wheel loads.
For pendant and chain operated cranes, use 10 percent of the maximum crane
wheel loads.

Monorails and Connections

For pendant and chain operated cranes, use 10 percent of the lifted load.

Jib Cranes
Use 25 percent of the lifted load.

Horizontal Loads
(AISC Section 4.3)

Bridge Crane Supports

Lateral impact of 20 percent of the sum of lifted load, hoist and trolley (exclude
bridge weight), applied 1/2 to each runway beam or rails.
Longitudinal impact of 10 percent of the maximum crane wheel loads.

Monorails
Longitudinal impact of 10 percent of the lifted load.

Jib Cranes
Lateral impact of 25 percent of the lifted load.

AIST/AISE
Vertical Impact, Side
Thrust, and Traction
Vertical impact and tractive forces will be an assumed percentage of either the maximum
wheel loads or maximum lifted load as specified in Attachment 01. The side thrust to
each side will not be less than the greatest of the following:

0002151257 22Aug05.doc

That specified in Attachment 01.

Ten percent of the combined weight of the lifted load, trolley, column, ram, or other
material handling device which is rigidly guided in vertical position during hoisting
action.
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Date 22Aug05
Page 3 of 6

HOISTING FACILITIES

Five percent of the weight of the lifted load and entire crane weight including trolley,
end trucks, and wheels.

For pendant control type cranes, use 10 percent of maximum wheel loads for vertical
impact, 20 percent of the lifted load and entire crane weight including trolley, end trucks,
and wheels to each side as the side thrust.
Radio operated cranes are to be considered the same as cab operated cranes.
Classification of
Structures
Classification of structures will be based primarily on the number of cycles or repetition
of a specific loading case anticipated for portions of the structure. On the basis of
estimated life span and rate of load repetitions, the owner will specify the classification
for all or any portion of a building. A service life span of 50 years is generally
recommended. Refer to Attachment 02.

Mill Buildings,
Class A
Buildings in this category are those in which members may experience either 500,000 to
2,000,000 repetitions (Loading Condition 3) or over 2,000,000 repetitions (Loading
Condition 4) in the estimated service life span of the structure. The owner must analyze
the service and determine which loading condition may apply. It is recommended that
the following building types be considered as Class A:
Batch annealing buildings

Scrap yards

Billet yards

Skull breakers

Continuous casting buildings

Slab yards

Foundries

Soaking pit buildings

Mixer buildings

Steelmaking buildings

Mold conditioning buildings

Stripper buildings

Scarfing yards

Other buildings as based on predicted operational

requirements

Mill Buildings,
Class B
Buildings in this category are those buildings in which members may experience 100,000
to 500,000 repetitions of a specific loading during the expected service life span of the
structure.
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Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 22Aug05
Page 4 of 6

HOISTING FACILITIES

Mill Buildings,
Class C
Buildings in this category are those buildings in which members may experience 20,000
to 100,000 repetitions of a specific loading during the expected service life span of the
structure.

Mill Buildings,
Class D
Buildings in this category are those buildings in which no member will experience more
than 20,000 repetitions of a specific loading during the expected service life span of the
structure.
Load Combinations
The vertical load may be combined with any of the impact loads. However, the vertical
and horizontal impact loads will not be considered as acting concurrently. Also, there
will be no increase in allowable stress.
Deflections
The maximum vertical deflections of runway beams, monorails, and jib cranes will not
exceed L/600 for simply supported beams and L/300 for cantilevered beams. Impact will
not be considered in determining deflections.
Note:

Recommended values for deflection vary from L/600 to L/1000 for simple span.

RUNWAY BEAM
DESIGN
The runway beam will normally be designed as a simply supported member with the span
equal to the maximum spacing between adjacent supports.
The moments due to vertical and horizontal loads will be computed in accordance with
AISC 2-310 (9th ed.) for 2 equal moving loads.
The bending stress will be checked for both single axis and biaxial bending.
When checking bending stress due to lateral loading, the section modulus of the section
under investigation will be taken as 1/2 its elastic value to approximate the effect of
torsion.
The allowable values for bending stress will be as follows:

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Tension on extreme fibers: Fb = 0.60Fy . Refer to AISC Section F1.2

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Date 22Aug05
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HOISTING FACILITIES

Compression on extreme fibers: Fb will be determined in accordance with AISC

section F1.3 (9th Ed.).

It is recommended that brackets or shear connections be used to support runway beams

with total reaction at the column of less than 50 kips. Preferably, bearing connections
will be used for reactions in excess of 50 kips. Do not use brackets for loads in excess of
50 kips.
MONORAIL
DESIGN
The monorail beam will normally be designed as a simply supported member with span
equal to maximum spacing of adjacent supports. Frequently, the monorail beam will
extend beyond the last point of support. In this case, the beam will be designed as a
cantilever from the point of support.
The moment due to vertical loading will be calculated by assuming a point loading at the
trolley center. The allowable values for bending stress will be determined in accordance
with AISC Section F1.3 (9th ed.).
For the cantilever, the unbraced length of compression flange will be taken as the length
of cantilever plus 1/2 the length of the adjacent span.
The lower flange of the monorail beam should be checked for local bending. The flanges
will be checked in accordance with AISC Sections B1, B2 and B3 (9th ed.) to determine
whether a 15 percent reduction in gross flange area has been exceeded.
JIB CRANE
DESIGN
Jib cranes are either self-supporting or column supported.
Jib crane support columns will be checked for bending and axial load in accordance with
AISC Section H1 (9th Ed.).
The allowable bending stress for the column will be determined in accordance with AISC
Section F1.3 (9th Ed.).
SPECIAL
CONSIDERATIONS
As an integral part of a monorail or bridge crane design, the Structural Engineer should
prepare a sketch showing the relative height of items such as runway beams and bridges.
This sketch should also include the assumed dimensions for trolleys and hoist.
The Structural Engineer should obtain a copy of the supplier's drawing on all bridge
cranes, trolleys, and hoists. The weights and dimensions obtained from these drawings

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Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 22Aug05
Page 6 of 6

HOISTING FACILITIES
should be compared with the values used in the original design. Any difference in the
actual and assumed values should be noted and acted upon accordingly.
REFERENCES
Acco Industries, Inc. Hoist, Trolleys, and Cranes Catalog (Wright). Whiting Crane
Handbook.
AISC (American Institute for Steel Construction). Engineering Journal. Fourth Quarter
1982.
Design of Welded Structures. The James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation.
Fisher, James M. and Donald R. Beuttner. Light and Heavy Industrial Buildings. AISC.
Guide For the Design And Construction Of Mill Buildings. AIST/AISE Technical
Report No. 13. August 1, 1979.
Reemsynder, Harold S. and David A. Demo. Fatigue Cracking in Welded Crane Runway
Girders, Causes and Repair Procedures. Iron and Steel Engineer. April 1978.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 01:
Crane Impact, Side Thrust And Traction Forces
Attachment 02
AISC Specification For Structural Steel Buildings - Appendix K
Attachment 03:
Sample Design 1: Hoisting Facilities - Bridge Crane Design
Attachment 04:
Sample Design 2: Hoisting Facilities - Monorail Beam Design
Attachment 05:
Sample Design 3: Hoisting Facilities - Jib Crane Design

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Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 22Aug05
Attachment 01 Page 1 of 1

HOISTING FACILITIES
Crane Impact, Side Thrust and Traction Forces

Vertical Impact
Percent of
Maximum Wheel
Loads

Side Thrust
Percent of Lifted
Load (each side)

Tractive Force
Percent of
Maximum Load
on Driving Wheels

Mill cranes

25

20

20

Ladle cranes

25

20

20

Clamshell bucket and

magnet cranes
(including slab and
billet yard cranes)

25

50

20

Soaking pit cranes

25

100

20

Stripping cranes

25

100 percent of
weight of ingot
and mold

20

Motor room
maintenance cranes

20

15

20

Crane Type

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Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 22Aug05
Attachment 02 Page 1 of 1

HOISTING FACILITIES
AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings - Appendix K
(Similar to Table A-K4.1 in Appendix K)

Loading
Condition
1
2
3
4

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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Number of Loading Cycles

From
20,000 (a)
100,000
500,000
over 2,000,000

To
100,000 (b)
500,000 (c)
2,000,000 (d)

About 1 application per day for 50 years

About 5 applications per day for 50 years
About 25 applications per day for 50 years
About 100 applications per day for 50 years

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Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 22Aug05
Attachment 03 - Page 1 of 6

SAMPLE DESIGN 1: HOISTING FACILITIES BRIDGE CRANE DESIGN

PLAN VIEW

END TROLLEY

DESIGN CRITERIA AND REFERENCE

(AISC A4.2 IMPACT) Use following impact factors for pendant-operated traveling crane support girders and
connections.
Vertical Impact - 10% of max. wheel load
Lateral Impact - 20% of lifted load, hoist and trolley
(exclude bridge wt., divided equally between each runway)
Longitudinal Impact - 10% of max. wheel load
DESIGN DATA
(Ref. by crane manufacturer)
Crane capacity = 20.0 K
Bridge WT = 3.26 K
Trolley WT = 0.48 K
Hoist WT = 0.56 K
Wheel load = (20.0 K + 0.48 K + 0.56 K + 3.26/2 K)(1/2) = 11.34 K < 11.60 K (max wheel load)

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Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 22Aug05
Attachment 03 - Page 2 of 6

SAMPLE DESIGN 1: HOISTING FACILITIES BRIDGE CRANE DESIGN

Reference AISC pg. 2-310, 9th EDITION

R1 max = P (2 - a/L) = 11.60 (2 -6/20) = 19.72 K
0.586 (L) = 0.586 (20) = 11.72 > 6.0
therefore, x = 1/2 (20 - 6/2) = 8.5 '
Maximum Load Moment - Vertical
Mv = P/2L (L - a/2)2 = 11.60 (20 - 6/2)2

= 83.81 KFT

at x = 8.6',
Beam WT = 0.06(20)2 1

= 3.0 KFT 2

2( 20)

= 86.81 KFT
ADD 10% Impact,

+ 8.68 KFT
= 95.50 KFT (approximately)

Horizontal Load Impact

0.2
Mh = 1/2

(212.04 ) 20 6 2 = 7.6 KFT

2(20)

(each beam)
Try S 15 x 42.9
Ix = 447 in4

Sx = 59.60 in3

Iy = 14.4 in4

Sy = 5.23 in3

rT = 1.26 in

d/Ad = 4.38

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Cb = 1.0

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Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 22Aug05
Attachment 03 - Page 3 of 6

SAMPLE DESIGN 1: HOISTING FACILITIES BRIDGE CRANE DESIGN

Runway Beam, con't.
L/rT = 20(12) = 190
1.26

> 53
> 119

Fb

3
= 170 10 = 4.70 KSI

Fb

(AISC F1-3)

1902

12 10 3 (1) = 11.41 KSI Controls

20(12)(4.38)

Check Bending Stress For Vertical Load Incl. Impact

fb

= 95.5(12) = 19.22 KSI > 11.41 KSI

(NG)

59.6

Try S 15 x 42.90 w/ C 12 x 20.70

S 15 x 42.90
Ixx = 447 in 4
Iyy = 14.4 in4
Sxx = 59.6 in3
Syy = 5.23 in3
d = 15.0 in
A = 12.6 in2
tf = 0.662 in
bf = 5.501 in
d/Af = 4.38

C 12 x 20.70
Ixx = 129 in 4
Iyy = 3.88 in 4
Sxx = 21.5 in 3
Syy = 1.73 in 3
d = 12.0 in
A = 6.09 in 2
tw = 0.282 in
T = 9.75 in
X = 0.698 in

AY

12.60

15/2+0.28

98.0

6.09

0.698

4.25

18.69

102.25

Y1 = 102.25/18.70 = 5.47"
Y2 = (15 + 0.282) - 5.47 = 9.81"
Note: Members and connections are subject to fatigue loading shall be proportioned in
accordance with the provisions of appendix "K" of A.I.S.C.
In the above example, applications are assumed to be less than 20,000 cycles. For this
reason, the effect of fatigue is not significant.

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Date 22Aug05
Attachment 03 - Page 4 of 6

SAMPLE DESIGN 1: HOISTING FACILITIES BRIDGE CRANE DESIGN

Runway beam, con't.
Ixx

= 3.88 + 6.09(5.47 0.698) 2 + 447 + 12.6 9.81 15

= 142.57 + 514.23

= 656.8 in

Iyy = 14.4 + 129.0

= 143.4 in4

S1 = Ix/Y1 =

656.8/5.47

= 120.07 in3

S2 = Ix/Y2 =

656.8/9.81

= 66.95 in3

SY = Iy/X1 =

143.4/6.0

= 23.90 in3

Compression Flange
Af = 15.0/4.38 = 3.42 in2

Aw/6 =

Iy = 14.4/2 + 129 = 136.2 in4

12.6 2(3.24)
= 0.96
6

A = Af + 1/6 (Aw) + Achannel = 3.42 + 0.96 + 6.09 = 10.47 in 2

rT =

Iy
Acompr

136 = 3.61 in
10.47

L/rT = 20 (12)/3.61 = 66.48

2

Fb =
3

> 53
< 119

36(66.48) 2
(36) = 20.24 KSI
1530 103

(AISC F1-6)

Check Vertical Load + Vertical Impact

Compression Flange,

fb = 95.5 (12)/120.07

= 9.54 KSI

< 20.24 KSI (OK)

Tension Flange,

fb = 95.5 (12)/66.95

= 17.11 KSI

< 20.24 KSI (OK)

Check Vertical Load + Horizontal Impact

fb = M x + M h = 86.81 (12)/120.07 + 7.60 (12)/11.95 = 16.30 KSI
S1

sy

< 20.24 KSI (OK)

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Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 22Aug05
Attachment 03 - Page 5 of 6

SAMPLE DESIGN 1: HOISTING FACILITIES BRIDGE CRANE DESIGN

Check Deflection
=

=
=

Pa1
3L2 4a12
24( EI )

11.6(7)(12)
3(20 12) 2 4(7 12) 2
24(29000)(656.8)

0.30 "

<

L/750 = 20 (12)/750 = 0.32 "

Use S15 x 42.9 w/ C12 x 20.7

Check Lower Flange Bending
Crane wheels 6' - 0" o.c.
Load per wheel (pair) = 11.60 K
Load per wheel = (11.60/2) x 1.10 = 6.38 K
Assume stress distribution on the flange
tf = 0.622 is taken at the middle of the flange
Effective flange bending length
12tf = 12 (0.622) = 7.46 in.
Flange thickness at web based on 1:6 slope of flange
0.622 + (2.545/2) (1/6) = 0.834 in.
For an S 15 x 42.9: k = 1.375
Radius of fillet = 1.275 - 0.834 = 0.541 in.
Moment arm = 2.545 - 0.541 = 2.00 in.
Moment = 2.00 x 6.38 = 12.76 in-K
S = (7.46/6) x (0.622)2 = 0.47 in3
fb = Moment / S = 12.76/0.48 = 26.58 KSI
Fb = 0.75 (Fy) - 27 KSI

(AISC F2-1)

Unity Check = fb/Fb = 26.58/27 = 0.98 < 1.00 (OK)

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Attachment 03 - Page 6 of 6

SAMPLE DESIGN 1: HOISTING FACILITIES BRIDGE CRANE DESIGN

Girder Tie Back Detail (optional)

Features

Spherical bearings allow girder end rotation, longitudinal and vertical movement without
stressing tie back linkage.

Single linkage can transmit up to 98 kips side thrust in tension or compression.

Sizes to fit any girder/column configuration.

Eliminates diaphragms and the associated maintenance and cracking problems.

Reference, Gantrex Co., Sales and Warehouse, Pittsburgh (412) 655-1400

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Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 22Aug05
Attachment 04 Page 1 of 4

SAMPLE DESIGN 2: HOISTING FACILITIES MONORAIL BEAM DESIGN

DESIGN CRITERIA AND REFERENCE

(AISC A4.2 IMPACT)
Vertical Impact - 10% of max. wheel load
Lateral Impact - 20% of lifted load, hoist and trolley
(exclude bridge wt., divided equally between each runway)
Longitudinal Impact - 10% of max. wheel load
DESIGN DATA
Lifted Load

= 4.0 K

Trolley WT + Hoist WT = 0.30 K

Combined Vertical

= 4.3 K

10% Vertical Impact

= 0.4 K

Total Vertical

= 4.7 K

10% Longitudinal Impact

(AISC A4.2)

= 0.4 K

(AISC A4.3)

Assume Interior Span to be designed as a simple beam.

Loading Condition

Simple Span

Vertical

4.3 (16/4)= 17.20

4.3 (5) = 21.50

Vertical + Vert. Impact

4.7 (16/4)= 18.80

4.7 (5) = 23.50

M1 (KFT)

Cantilever

M2 (KFT)

Design
Try S 10 x 25.40
Sxx
Syy
d
A
d/Af
tf
rT

= 24.70 in3
= 2.91 in3
= 10.00 in
= 7.46 in2
= 4.37
= 0.491 in
= 1.09

L/r T

= 16 (12)/1.09

/0002151257a04 22Aug05.doc

= 176.14

Lc
Lu

= 4.90 '
= 10.60 '

Af

= 2.29 in2

> 119

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Date 22Aug05
Attachment 04 Page 2 of 4

SAMPLE DESIGN 2: HOISTING FACILITIES MONORAIL BEAM DESIGN

Fb = 170 1000(1.0)

= 5.48 KSI

Fb = 12 1000(1.0)

= 14.30 KSI

176.14 2

16(12)(4.37)

(AISC F1-6, F1-7)

< 0.6 Fy = 21.60 KSI

Controls

For vertical and vertical impact effects,

fb = 18.80 (12)/24.70 =

9.13 KSI < 14.30 KSI

(OK)

Check Cantilever Beam

Unbraced length of compression flange = Lb
Lb = 3' + 8'

= 13 '

Fb = 12 1000(1.0)

= 17.60 KSI

1312)(4.37)

fb = 23.50 (12)/24.70 = 11.42 KSI < 17.60 KSI

(OK)

Check Bolt Connection

Rb = 4.7 (16 + 5)/16 = 6.17 K
Use 2 - 3/4" H.S. (A-325) Bolts
Tension = 2 (19.40) = 38.80 K

>> 6.17 K

Shear

>> 0.4 K

= 2 (9.30)= 18.60 K

Check Lower Flange Bending

2 Tons plain trolley with 2 wheels at 8" c/c,
Load per wheel = 4.7 K / 4 = 1.18 K
Assume stress distribution on the flange
12tf = 12 (0.491) = 5.89 "
Fb

= 0.75 Fy
= 27.0 KSI

(AISC F2-1)

See Attachment 03 for remainder of flange bending calculations.

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SAMPLE DESIGN 2: HOISTING FACILITIES MONORAIL BEAM DESIGN

Check Flange Reduction Area at Connection
Flange reduction for 2 - 13/16" holes,
Ar = 2 (0.813) (0.491)

= 0.80 in2

Anet = 2.29 - 0.80

= 1.49 in2

I=Ay2
Governs
(AISC B3 Effective Net Area)
S = A y2 /y

0.85 Af = 0.85 (2.29)

= 1.95 in2

Sred = 24.7 - 0.8 (5)2 /5

= 20.70 in 3

fb = 23.50 (12)/20.70

= 13.60 KSI

< 17.60 KSI

(OK)

No additional section needed.

Use S10x25.40 Monorail Beam

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SAMPLE DESIGN 2: HOISTING FACILITIES MONORAIL BEAM DESIGN

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Date 22Aug05
Attachment 05 Page 1 of 4

SAMPLE DESIGN 3: HOISTING FACILITIES JIB CRANE DESIGN

There are several types of Jib Cranes.
Some of them are illustrated as follows:
1) Wall bracket Jib Cranes
2) Base Mounted Wall Cantilever Jib Cranes
3) Base Mounted Free Standing Jib Cranes
Most Jib Cranes from 1/4 ton to 5 ton capacity can be selected from the manufacturer's catalogs.
(See attached sheets)

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SAMPLE DESIGN 3: HOISTING FACILITIES JIB CRANE DESIGN

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SAMPLE DESIGN 3: HOISTING FACILITIES JIB CRANE DESIGN

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SAMPLE DESIGN 3: HOISTING FACILITIES JIB CRANE DESIGN

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