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Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lecture, students should be able to :
Analyze the performance of the petroleum system.
Introduction
Production wells are drilled and completed to move the oil and gas from
its original location in the reservoir to the stock tank.
Movement or transport of these fluids requires energy to overcome
friction losses in the system and to lift the products to the surface.
The fluids must travel through the reservoir and the piping system and
ultimately flow into a separator for gas-liquid separation.
The production system can be relatively simple or can include many
components in which energy or pressure losses occur.
Figure 1 shows a diagram of a complex production system, which
illustrates a number of components in which pressure losses occur.
Introduction
Introduction
The pressure drop in the total system at any time will be:
This pressure drop is the sum of the pressure drops occurring in all of
the components of the system.
Since the pressure drop through any component varies with the
producing rate, the producing rate will be controlled by the components
selected.
The selection and sizing of the individual components is very important,
whereby changes in the pressure drop in one may change the pressure
drop and behavior in others.
The procedure consists of selecting a node in the well and dividing the
system at this point.
The locations of the most commonly used nodes are shown in Figure 2.
All of the components upstream of the node comprise the inflow section,
while the outflow section consists of all the components downstream of
the node.
Production Optimization
A producing system may be optimized by selecting the combination of
component characteristics that will give the maximum production rate
for the lowest cost.
Production Optimization
For this type of well completion, it is obvious that improving the reservoir
performance by stimulation would be a waste of effort unless larger
tubing is installed.
Production Optimization
Figure 8 shows the well performance which is controlled by the
inflow.
Production Optimization
Figure 9 shows a quantitative example of selecting the optimum tubing
size for a well that is producing both gas and liquids.
Production Optimization
Figure 10 shows the quantitative effect of perforating density on the
inflow.
5) Obtain required data to calculate pressure drop versus rate for all
components.
6) Determine the effect of changing the characteristics of the selected
component by plotting inflow and outflow and reading the intersection.
7) Repeat procedure for each component that is to be optimized.
THANK YOU
2013 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PETRONAS SDN BHD
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