What Is Difference Between Time History Analysis and Response S

What is difference between time history analysis and response spectrum analysis?
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Sohaib Nazar
King Khalid University
What is difference between time history analysis and response

spectrum analysis?
On what basis we can evaluate structure performance based on these methods?
What is limitations of these methods.
Topics
Structural Design
Structural Analysis
Spectrum Analysis
Feb 19, 2015
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/1
Popular Answers
Mohammad Sadeq Eskandarjuy Shiraz University of Technology
A full time history will give the response of a structure over time during
and after the application of a load. To find the full time history of a
structure's response, you must solve the structure's equation of motion.
Response-spectrum analysis (RSA) is a linear-dynamic statistical analysis
method which measures the contribution from each natural mode of
vibration to indicate the likely maximum seismic response of an
essentially elastic structure. Response-spectrum
provides
insightfor scientists and researchers.
ResearchGate is theanalysis
professional
network
into dynamic behavior by measuring pseudo-spectral acceleration,
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_difference_between_time_history_analysis_and_response_spectrum_analysis
21-07-2016
What is difference between time history analysis and response spectrum analysis? - ResearchGate
velocity, or displacement as a function of structural period for a given time
Question followers (34)
Pgina 2 de 22
See all
history and level of damping. It is practical to envelope response spectra

such that a smooth curve represents the peak response for each
realization of structural period. Response-spectrum analysis is useful for
design decision-making because it relates structural type-selection to
dynamic performance. Structures of shorter period experience greater
acceleration, whereas those of longer period experience greater
displacement. Structural performance objectives should be taken into
account during preliminary design and response-spectrum analysis.
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20535
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34
Answers
12
Feb 20, 2015
All Answers (12)

C. Rainieri Universit degli Studi del Molise
In time history analyses the structural response is computed at a number
of subsequent time instants. In other words, time histories of the
structural response to a given input are obtained ad a result. In response
spectrum analyses the time evolution of response cannot be computed.
Only the maximum response is estimated. No information is available also
about the time when the maximum response occurs. I hope this can help
Feb 19, 2015
Claes Richard Fred Qring Technology Intl. AB

Hi
In addtion to the above answer, perhaps it is useful to know that a time
history, convolved with the transfer function of s single degree of freedom
the professional
for scientists and researchers.
(sdof) system is what producesResearchGate
the responseisspectrum.
More innetwork
detail, the
21-07-2016
Pgina 3 de 22
frequency axis of the response spectrum is not ordinary frequency but

rather the natural frequency of the sdof system.
The procedure simplifies downstream estimation of maximum response
and allows combination of multiple time histories. In essence, what is
needed is simple modal analysis, the multiplication of the modal reponse
by the response spectrum amplitude at the natural frequency of the
computed modes.
Also, there is a difference between shock response spectrum (SRS) and
response spectrum analysis where the latter refers to sdof base-mass
relative motion and the former referes to (absolute) fixed frame motion of
the sdof mass.
The procedure is used for shocks, seismic analysis, packaging design and
many other analyses where simple answers are hard found.
The foundations of the method can be hard to comprehend, at least I had
trouble understanding where it all came from, but is stated in old version
of the Shock and Vibration Handbook by Harris. The reed (see picture
below), is an instrument comprised of stems of varying lengths with
varying natural frequency were in the days of old used both to determine
frequency and vibration amplitude (from logging reed tip motion). The
response spectrum basically is what a reed instrument would have
recorded.
Sincerely
Claes
Feb 19, 2015
ResearchGate is the professional network for scientists and researchers.

21-07-2016
Pgina 4 de 22
A full time history will give the response of a structure over time during
and after the application of a load. To find the full time history of a
structure's response, you must solve the structure's equation of motion.
Response-spectrum analysis (RSA) is a linear-dynamic statistical analysis
essentially elastic structure. Response-spectrum analysis provides insight
realization of structural period. Response-spectrum analysis is useful for
design decision-making because it relates structural type-selection to
dynamic performance. Structures of shorter period experience greater
acceleration, whereas those of longer period experience greater
displacement. Structural performance objectives should be taken into
account during preliminary design and response-spectrum analysis.
Feb 20, 2015
Dominik Stengel Bundesanstalt fr Materialforschung und -prfung

Response spectrum analysis are limited tolinear assumptions on the
system's response. Whereas it is possible to include material or
geometrical nonlinearitiesintime domain analysis.
Feb 24, 2015
Taha Ibrahim Benha University

A response spectrum is simply a plot of the peak or steady-state response
(displacement, velocity or acceleration) of a series of oscillators of varying
natural frequency, that are forced into motion by the same base vibration
or shock. The resulting plot can then be used to pick off the response of
21-07-2016
Pgina 5 de 22
any linear system, given its natural frequency of oscillation. One such use
is in assessing the peak response of buildings to earthquakes. The
science of strong ground motion may use some values from the ground
response spectrum (calculated from recordings of surface ground motion
from seismographs) for correlation with seismic damage.
If the input used in calculating a response spectrum is steady-state
periodic, then the steady-state result is recorded. Damping must be
present, or else the response will be infinite. For transient input (such as
seismic ground motion), the peak response is reported. Some level of
damping is generally assumed, but a value will be obtained even with no
damping.
Response spectra can also be used in assessing the response of linear
systems with multiple modes of oscillation (multi-degree of freedom
systems), although they are only accurate for low levels of damping.
Modal analysis is performed to identify the modes, and the response in
that mode can be picked from the response spectrum. These peak
responses are then combined to estimate a total response. A typical
combination method is the square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS)
if the modal frequencies are not close. The result is typically different from
that which would be calculated directly from an input, since phase
information is lost in the process of generating the response spectrum.
The main limitation of response spectra is that they are only universally
applicable for linear systems. Response spectra can be generated for nonlinear systems, but are only applicable to systems with the same nonlinearity, although attempts have been made to develop non-linear seismic
design spectra with wider structural application. The results of this cannot
be directly combined for multi-mode response.
Harmonic Forcing Function

The harmonic forcing function varies in a sinusoidal fashion and requires
ResearchGate
Ao and to be specified. The equation
takesisonthe
theprofessional
form A(t) = network
Ao*sin for scientists and researchers.
(*t) and A(t) multiplies all static loads placed in the time history load
21-07-2016
Pgina 6 de 22
case at various times. Harmonically varying loads are probably most

common when analyzing the effects of machinery on a structure. Often
unbalanced rotating machinery or parts are most applicable. Note that the
units on are such that *t has angle units of radians.
Factored Forcing Functions (Load Amplitude)
The Load Amplitude time history option essentially uses a text file to
specify the fraction of the load at specific times. The text file requires two
columns, time (t) and A(t) which is the amplification factor. Shown below
is a sample of what would appear in the text file along with a plot of the
data. Note the text "Force" on the first line. When this text file is read into
VisualAnalysis the first line indicates the type of data.
Force
0.0 0.0
0.05 1.0
0.1 1.0
0.1001 0.0
9.0 0.0
As with the harmonic function, A(t) multiplies the static loads applied to
the structure in the time history load case at various times. Load
Amplitude loads are commonly used to model wind loads, impact loads,
and possibly blast loadings.
Base Displacement
Like the Load Amplitude loading type, the Base Displacement uses a text
file for input. The base displacement is exactly as it sounds, the structure
is forced through some varying ground displacement over time. These
displacements can act independently in the global X, Y, and Z directions.
The displacements can be any combination of all or some of these
directions. (I.e. If you wanted to model an event at a 45 degree angle to
the X and Y directions you could specify the necessary components in the
X and Y directions respectively.) Units for the text file are always assumed
21-07-2016
Pgina 7 de 22
to be seconds and inches. After the file is read in the data will be
converted to the current unit system. For example, if one of the
displacement values was 6 in it would be read in as 0.5 ft if your current
project units were lb-ft. The text file requires at least two columns and can
have up to four (refer to the Text File Notes section below for more
information). These columns would be the time, t, ux(t), uy(t), and uz(t).
Displacement
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 5.0 0.0 0.0
2.0 -5.0 0.0 0.0
3.0 5.0 0.0 0.0
Note that the line is extrapolated linearly between the t = 2.0s and t = 3.0s
values but our time increments limit the displacement to 2.5 seconds. In
the example the uy(t) and uz(t) columns are included but have no effect.
Note also that if you are working in a plane structure the uz(t) column will
always be ignored. You must be working in a space frame structure to
have z displacements.
Base Acceleration
Again, the Base Acceleration loading type uses a text file for input. The
base acceleration is very similar to the base displacement and represents
putting the structure through some varying ground acceleration over time.
Logically, the base acceleration is just the second derivatives of the base
displacements. Similarly, the accelerations can act in the x, y, and z
directions and again they can be any combination of all or some of these
directions. The text file requires at least two columns and can have up to
four (refer to the Text File Notes section below for more information).
These columns would be time (t), x(t), y(t), and z(t) where the
accelerations are specified as a decimal fraction of G (I.e. "0.5" would be
50% of G). Note below the text file is shown in a space delimited format.
Acceleration
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0
21-07-2016
Pgina 8 de 22
2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.01 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Base Displacement and Base Acceleration Notes
With the base displacement and base acceleration analysis types static
loads only have an inertial effect on the structure. With the harmonic and
amplitude analysis types, the static loads applied within the time history
case are varied dynamically according to what is specified. For the
displacement and acceleration types, VisualAnalysis converts any
statically applied load in the time history load case acting in the positive or
negative Y direction to a mass. It then has an inertial effect on the results
similar to adding lumped mass to nodes. Any statically applied loads that
do not act in the gravity direction (positive or negative Y) and any
moments are simply ignored by VisualAnalysis and will have no effect on
the displacement or acceleration analysis results.
Text File Notes
Some general notes about the input text files. The text files can be
comma, space, or tab delimited. The Force, Displacement, or Acceleration
"headings" on the first line are not essential for the file to work but it is
recommended.
Once the data file is opened and read successfully, the data is stored in
your project file (*.vap) and the connection to the data file is not
maintained. If you edit or modify your data file, you would need to edit the
Time History load case to re-load the data from the file. Storing the data
file in the project file allows the project to be sent to a colleague or opened
at some future time when the text file is not available or may have a
different location.
As noted above, the number of columns in the data file will change based
on the structure type. The table below summarizes the data required for
the various structure types.
21-07-2016
Pgina 9 de 22
Structure Type Columns Per Line Data In Columns

Plane Truss 3 T, X, Y
Plane Frame 3 T, X, Y
Space Truss 4 T, X, Y, Z
Space Frame 4 T, X, Y, Z
Lastly, the values in the text files are always linearly interpolated until you
set a new value. For example, in the sample acceleration data we wanted
the acceleration to be zero at a time of 2 seconds and beyond. To
accomplish this we specified an acceleration of zero at t = 2.0 sec and
also at t = 2.01 sec. If we had not added the t = 2.01 sec entry the program
would simply have continued to interpolate a straight line between the
acceleration of 1 at t = 1 sec and zero at t = 2.0 sec and continuing on past
2.0 seconds.
Amplitude, Acceleration, and Displacement Input
In time history analysis procedures there are a number of ways to
numerically integrate the fundamental equation of motion. Many of these
are discussed in text books including the referenced texts included in this
document. VisualAnalysis uses the Newmark method of numerical
integration which is considered a generalization of the linear acceleration
method. The parameters of the Newmark method are described in what
follows.
Number of Steps This is the number of time steps over which you wish
to analyze.
Delta t This is the time increment for each step. The time step increment
can be very important as well. E.L. Wilson in [3] recommends t 1/
(MAX*(/2 - )). For large multi degree of freedom structural systems
there is a different limit. This due to computer models of large real
structures normally containing a large number of periods which are
smaller than the integration time step; therefore, it is essential that one
select a numerical integration method that is unconditional for all time
steps. For a further discussion ResearchGate
refer to [1], [3],isand
the[4].
professional network for scientists and researchers.
21-07-2016
Pgina 10 de 22
Gamma and Beta The Newmark method is basically considered a

generalization of the linear acceleration method (Wilson-Theta). Gamma
and Beta replaced the 1/2 and 1/6 coefficients on the incremental
acceleration terms of the equation for incremental displacement, as
derived by the Wilson-theta method. E.L. Wilson presents a good
discussion in [3] regarding the beta and gamma parameters for
Newmark's method. Many text books on the subject also describe these
parameters. The default values of gamma = 1/2 and beta = 1/4 may be
used unless you are sure otherwise. These default values make the
Newmark method unconditionally stable and provide satisfactory
accuracy. Using other values, particularly gamma greater than 1/2 can
lead to "numerical damping" and "period elongation".
Delta Delta defines the amount of damping and is usually defined as the
logarithmic decrement, which is the natural log of the ratio of any two
successive peak amplitudes in free vibration. Note that VisualAnalysis
uses viscous damping. This is the effect of internal damping due to
materials, connections, etc. and adding mass to the structure. Most
dynamics texts discuss damping including those referenced below.
Relating to mass, note that it is usually more accurate to split the
members of your model to get a better mass distribution and a better
solution. This is discussed for mode shapes and response spectra and
applies to time history analysis too. You can also refer to the Time History
tutorial where members are split to improve the analysis accuracy.
Time History Dialog
To perform a time history analysis, you must first create a new time
history case. This is done on the Load menu in VisualAnalysis. The dialog
will require a name for the time history case and the parameters
discussed above must be entered. The second page of the dialog is where
you specify the type of loading you would like applied to the structure. For
a harmonically varying forcing function simply select Harmonic from the
drop down list, then specify AoResearchGate
and . The other
loading
types require
a for scientists and researchers.
is the
professional
network
text file input so "From file" would be selected from the drop down list.
21-07-2016
Pgina 11 de 22
Clicking the ellipsis button will open a new dialog where you can browse
for the text file containing the amplitude, displacement, or acceleration
information. After creating a time history case and applying any necessary
loads to the structure within this case, the analysis is performed as usual.
Time History Results
When in a Result View, the time history case is selected in the status bar
like any other load case in VisualAnalysis. The unique characteristic of
time history cases is you can view results for every time step. A very
useful way to look at results is to use the graph feature. For example,
while in a Result View you can right click a node in your time history case
and select "Graph Node Results" from the context menu. This will allow
you to plot displacement, forces, and moments over time for the selected
node.
Time History Reports
There are three main report items available for time history load cases:
Time History Cases, Forcing Function Details, and Forcing Function
Summary. The Time History Cases item includes a number of items with
the most common ones being the number of time steps, time step
increment, gamma, beta, and delta values, and the forcing type. The
Forcing Function Details and Forcing Function Summary report items are
very similar. They both include the time history case name, the forcing
type, the location of the source text file that was used (if applicable) and
the number of data points. The only extra information the Forcing Function
Details report gives is the data that was read in from the text file in a
tabled format. Note that many of the static reports are available at a
specific time increment in a time history analysis. For example, you can
view member internal forces at any of the time increments during the
analysis. Also, the use of enveloped results becomes very useful for
processing time history results. Logically, using an envelope would quickly
allow you to see the overall maximum and minimum extremes for just the
time history case or for multiple
load cases. Refer
the Enveloped
ResearchGate
is thetoprofessional
network for scientists and researchers.
Results section for more information.
21-07-2016
Pgina 12 de 22
Mar 5, 2015
Taha Ibrahim Benha University

A response spectrum is simply a plot of the peak or steady-state response
(displacement, velocity or acceleration) of a series of oscillators of varying
natural frequency, that are forced into motion by the same base vibration
or shock. The resulting plot can then be used to pick off the response of
any linear system, given its natural frequency of oscillation. One such use
is in assessing the peak response of buildings to earthquakes. The
science of strong ground motion may use some values from the ground
response spectrum (calculated from recordings of surface ground motion
from seismographs) for correlation with seismic damage.
If the input used in calculating a response spectrum is steady-state
periodic, then the steady-state result is recorded. Damping must be
present, or else the response will be infinite. For transient input (such as
seismic ground motion), the peak response is reported. Some level of
damping is generally assumed, but a value will be obtained even with no
damping.
Response spectra can also be used in assessing the response of linear
systems with multiple modes of oscillation (multi-degree of freedom
systems), although they are only accurate for low levels of damping.
Modal analysis is performed to identify the modes, and the response in
that mode can be picked from the response spectrum. These peak
responses are then combined to estimate a total response. A typical
combination method is the square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS)
if the modal frequencies are not close. The result is typically different from
that which would be calculated directly from an input, since phase
information is lost in the process of generating the response spectrum.
The main limitation of response spectra is that they are only universally
applicable for linear systems. Response spectra can be generated for non-
21-07-2016
Pgina 13 de 22
linear systems, but are only applicable to systems with the same nonlinearity, although attempts have been made to develop non-linear seismic
design spectra with wider structural application. The results of this cannot
be directly combined for multi-mode response.
Harmonic Forcing Function

The harmonic forcing function varies in a sinusoidal fashion and requires
Ao and to be specified. The equation takes on the form A(t) = Ao*sin
(*t) and A(t) multiplies all static loads placed in the time history load
case at various times. Harmonically varying loads are probably most
common when analyzing the effects of machinery on a structure. Often
unbalanced rotating machinery or parts are most applicable. Note that the
units on are such that *t has angle units of radians.
Factored Forcing Functions (Load Amplitude)
The Load Amplitude time history option essentially uses a text file to
specify the fraction of the load at specific times. The text file requires two
columns, time (t) and A(t) which is the amplification factor. Shown below
is a sample of what would appear in the text file along with a plot of the
data. Note the text "Force" on the first line. When this text file is read into
VisualAnalysis the first line indicates the type of data.
Force
0.0 0.0
0.05 1.0
0.1 1.0
0.1001 0.0
9.0 0.0
As with the harmonic function, A(t) multiplies the static loads applied to
the structure in the time history load case at various times. Load
Amplitude loads are commonly used to model wind loads, impact loads,
and possibly blast loadings.
21-07-2016
Pgina 14 de 22
Base Displacement
Like the Load Amplitude loading type, the Base Displacement uses a text
file for input. The base displacement is exactly as it sounds, the structure
is forced through some varying ground displacement over time. These
displacements can act independently in the global X, Y, and Z directions.
The displacements can be any combination of all or some of these
directions. (I.e. If you wanted to model an event at a 45 degree angle to
the X and Y directions you could specify the necessary components in the
X and Y directions respectively.) Units for the text file are always assumed
to be seconds and inches. After the file is read in the data will be
converted to the current unit system. For example, if one of the
displacement values was 6 in it would be read in as 0.5 ft if your current
project units were lb-ft. The text file requires at least two columns and can
have up to four (refer to the Text File Notes section below for more
information). These columns would be the time, t, ux(t), uy(t), and uz(t).
Displacement
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 5.0 0.0 0.0
2.0 -5.0 0.0 0.0
3.0 5.0 0.0 0.0
Note that the line is extrapolated linearly between the t = 2.0s and t = 3.0s
values but our time increments limit the displacement to 2.5 seconds. In
the example the uy(t) and uz(t) columns are included but have no effect.
Note also that if you are working in a plane structure the uz(t) column will
always be ignored. You must be working in a space frame structure to
have z displacements.
Base Acceleration
Again, the Base Acceleration loading type uses a text file for input. The
base acceleration is very similar to the base displacement and represents
putting the structure through some varying ground acceleration over time.
is thederivatives
professional
Logically, the base accelerationResearchGate
is just the second
of network
the base for scientists and researchers.
displacements. Similarly, the accelerations can act in the x, y, and z
21-07-2016
Pgina 15 de 22
directions and again they can be any combination of all or some of these
directions. The text file requires at least two columns and can have up to
four (refer to the Text File Notes section below for more information).
These columns would be time (t), x(t), y(t), and z(t) where the
accelerations are specified as a decimal fraction of G (I.e. "0.5" would be
50% of G). Note below the text file is shown in a space delimited format.
Acceleration
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0
2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.01 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Base Displacement and Base Acceleration Notes
With the base displacement and base acceleration analysis types static
loads only have an inertial effect on the structure. With the harmonic and
amplitude analysis types, the static loads applied within the time history
case are varied dynamically according to what is specified. For the
displacement and acceleration types, VisualAnalysis converts any
statically applied load in the time history load case acting in the positive or
negative Y direction to a mass. It then has an inertial effect on the results
similar to adding lumped mass to nodes. Any statically applied loads that
do not act in the gravity direction (positive or negative Y) and any
moments are simply ignored by VisualAnalysis and will have no effect on
the displacement or acceleration analysis results.
Text File Notes
Some general notes about the input text files. The text files can be
comma, space, or tab delimited. The Force, Displacement, or Acceleration
"headings" on the first line are not essential for the file to work but it is
recommended.
Once the data file is opened and
read successfully,
the data is stored
in for scientists and researchers.
ResearchGate
is the professional
network
your project file (*.vap) and the connection to the data file is not
21-07-2016
Pgina 16 de 22
maintained. If you edit or modify your data file, you would need to edit the
Time History load case to re-load the data from the file. Storing the data
file in the project file allows the project to be sent to a colleague or opened
at some future time when the text file is not available or may have a
different location.
As noted above, the number of columns in the data file will change based
on the structure type. The table below summarizes the data required for
the various structure types.
Structure Type Columns Per Line Data In Columns
Plane Truss 3 T, X, Y
Plane Frame 3 T, X, Y
Space Truss 4 T, X, Y, Z
Space Frame 4 T, X, Y, Z
Lastly, the values in the text files are always linearly interpolated until you
set a new value. For example, in the sample acceleration data we wanted
the acceleration to be zero at a time of 2 seconds and beyond. To
accomplish this we specified an acceleration of zero at t = 2.0 sec and
also at t = 2.01 sec. If we had not added the t = 2.01 sec entry the program
would simply have continued to interpolate a straight line between the
acceleration of 1 at t = 1 sec and zero at t = 2.0 sec and continuing on past
2.0 seconds.
Amplitude, Acceleration, and Displacement Input
In time history analysis procedures there are a number of ways to
numerically integrate the fundamental equation of motion. Many of these
are discussed in text books including the referenced texts included in this
document. VisualAnalysis uses the Newmark method of numerical
integration which is considered a generalization of the linear acceleration
method. The parameters of the Newmark method are described in what
follows.
Number of Steps This is the number of time steps over which you wish
to analyze.
21-07-2016
Pgina 17 de 22
Delta t This is the time increment for each step. The time step increment
can be very important as well. E.L. Wilson in [3] recommends t 1/
(MAX*(/2 - )). For large multi degree of freedom structural systems
there is a different limit. This due to computer models of large real
structures normally containing a large number of periods which are
smaller than the integration time step; therefore, it is essential that one
select a numerical integration method that is unconditional for all time
steps. For a further discussion refer to [1], [3], and [4].
Gamma and Beta The Newmark method is basically considered a
generalization of the linear acceleration method (Wilson-Theta). Gamma
and Beta replaced the 1/2 and 1/6 coefficients on the incremental
acceleration terms of the equation for incremental displacement, as
derived by the Wilson-theta method. E.L. Wilson presents a good
discussion in [3] regarding the beta and gamma parameters for
Newmark's method. Many text books on the subject also describe these
parameters. The default values of gamma = 1/2 and beta = 1/4 may be
used unless you are sure otherwise. These default values make the
Newmark method unconditionally stable and provide satisfactory
accuracy. Using other values, particularly gamma greater than 1/2 can
lead to "numerical damping" and "period elongation".
Delta Delta defines the amount of damping and is usually defined as the
logarithmic decrement, which is the natural log of the ratio of any two
successive peak amplitudes in free vibration. Note that VisualAnalysis
uses viscous damping. This is the effect of internal damping due to
materials, connections, etc. and adding mass to the structure. Most
dynamics texts discuss damping including those referenced below.
Relating to mass, note that it is usually more accurate to split the
members of your model to get a better mass distribution and a better
solution. This is discussed for mode shapes and response spectra and
applies to time history analysis too. You can also refer to the Time History
tutorial where members are split to improve the analysis accuracy.

Time History Dialog
21-07-2016
Pgina 18 de 22
To perform a time history analysis, you must first create a new time
history case. This is done on the Load menu in VisualAnalysis. The dialog
will require a name for the time history case and the parameters
discussed above must be entered. The second page of the dialog is where
you specify the type of loading you would like applied to the structure. For
a harmonically varying forcing function simply select Harmonic from the
drop down list, then specify Ao and . The other loading types require a
text file input so "From file" would be selected from the drop down list.
Clicking the ellipsis button will open a new dialog where you can browse
for the text file containing the amplitude, displacement, or acceleration
information. After creating a time history case and applying any necessary
loads to the structure within this case, the analysis is performed as usual.
Time History Results
When in a Result View, the time history case is selected in the status bar
like any other load case in VisualAnalysis. The unique characteristic of
time history cases is you can view results for every time step. A very
useful way to look at results is to use the graph feature. For example,
while in a Result View you can right click a node in your time history case
and select "Graph Node Results" from the context menu. This will allow
you to plot displacement, forces, and moments over time for the selected
node.
Time History Reports
There are three main report items available for time history load cases:
Time History Cases, Forcing Function Details, and Forcing Function
Summary. The Time History Cases item includes a number of items with
the most common ones being the number of time steps, time step
increment, gamma, beta, and delta values, and the forcing type. The
Forcing Function Details and Forcing Function Summary report items are
very similar. They both include the time history case name, the forcing
type, the location of the source text file that was used (if applicable) and
the number of data points. TheResearchGate
only extra information
the Forcing
Function
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for scientists and researchers.
Details report gives is the data that was read in from the text file in a
21-07-2016
Pgina 19 de 22
tabled format. Note that many of the static reports are available at a
specific time increment in a time history analysis. For example, you can
view member internal forces at any of the time increments during the
analysis. Also, the use of enveloped results becomes very useful for
processing time history results. Logically, using an envelope would quickly
allow you to see the overall maximum and minimum extremes for just the
time history case or for multiple load cases. Refer to the Enveloped
Results section for more information.
Mar 5, 2015
Claes Richard Fred Qring Technology Intl. AB

Hi
If you want to look at related methods and assumptions/limitations, the
Nasa Environmental Handbook is a good read.
http://snebulos.mit.edu/projects/reference/NASA-Generic/NASA-HDBK7005.pdf
Sincerely
Claes
Mar 5, 2015
Ahmed Guerine Institut National des Sciences Appliques de Rouen

Hi
Response spectrum considers the spectrum of a response quantity like
acceleration with respect to frequency. This spectrum is used to generate
acceleration coefficients for different masses which in turn gives the
force.
21-07-2016
Pgina 20 de 22
On the other hand, time history analysis uses the time history of input
force or acceleration directly which is then combined to get the response.
Best regards
May 25, 2015
Ahmed Guerine Institut National des Sciences Appliques de Rouen

Hi
Response-spectrum analysis is a linear-dynamic statistical analysis
essentially elastic structure. Response-spectrum analysis provides insight
realization of structural period.
Response-spectrum analysis is useful for design decision-making because
it relates structural type-selection to dynamic performance. Structures of
shorter period experience greater acceleration, whereas those of longer
period experience greater displacement. Structural performance
objectives should be taken into account during preliminary design and
response-spectrum analysis.
Best regards
May 28, 2015
Nitish Shete Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)

Varanasi
Response spectrum analysis is plot of maximum response of SDOF
system which only gives positive maximum between applied frequency

range due to which it is fast but it cannot give the time step at which
21-07-2016
Pgina 21 de 22
maximum response occurs. Also, if applied frequency range is outside the

natural frequency of system (as can happen in seismic analysis), you
cannot get accurate response.
Time history analysis is detailed analysis in which response is calculated
for each time step. It requires more time but gives good results.
Jun 29, 2015
Jaafar Mohammed University of Duhok

Hello ,Hello , I hope this article be helpful for you .Brgds
:DYNAMIC ANALYSIS USING RESPONSE SPECTRUM SEISMIC LOADING"
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS USING RESPONSE SPECTRUM SEISMIC LOADING.pdf
Dec 16, 2015

In time history analyses the structural response is computed at a number
of subsequent time instants. In other words, time histories of the
structural response to a given input are obtained ad a result. In response
spectrum analyses the time evolution of response cannot be computed .
21 days ago
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What is difference between time history analysis and response

Feb 19, 2015

velocity, or displacement as a function of structural period for a given time

Question followers (34)

history and level of damping. It is practical to envelope response spectra

Feb 20, 2015

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Feb 19, 2015

Claes Richard Fred Qring Technology Intl. AB

frequency axis of the response spectrum is not ordinary frequency but

Feb 19, 2015

ResearchGate is the professional network for scientists and researchers.

Feb 20, 2015

Dominik Stengel Bundesanstalt fr Materialforschung und -prfung

Taha Ibrahim Benha University

Harmonic Forcing Function

case at various times. Harmonically varying loads are probably most

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1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0

2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

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Structure Type Columns Per Line Data In Columns

Gamma and Beta The Newmark method is basically considered a

Taha Ibrahim Benha University

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Harmonic Forcing Function

ResearchGate is the professional network for scientists and researchers.

ResearchGate is the professional network for scientists and researchers.

Claes Richard Fred Qring Technology Intl. AB

Ahmed Guerine Institut National des Sciences Appliques de Rouen

Ahmed Guerine Institut National des Sciences Appliques de Rouen

Nitish Shete Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)

ResearchGate is the professional network for scientists and researchers.

system which only gives positive maximum between applied frequency

maximum response occurs. Also, if applied frequency range is outside the

Jaafar Mohammed University of Duhok

Mohammad Sadeq Eskandarjuy Shiraz University of Technology

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