SPE/IADC 163408

Maximizing BHA Durability/Reliability: Turbodrill/Impregnated Bit

Significantly Reduces Drilling Time in Granite Wash Laterals

Glenn Bone, Christopher Jamerson, Apache Corp; Jay Klassen, Jordan Gray, Somasundaram Valliyappan
Ryan Baker, Kerry Turner, Miguel Parra, Schlumberger
Copyright 2013, SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition
This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 57 March 2013.
This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE/IADC program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper have
not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers or the International Association of Drilling Contractors and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not
necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers or the International Association of Drilling Contractors, its officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or
storage of any part of this paper without the written consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers or the International Association of Drilling Contractors is prohibited. Permission to
reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of SPE/IADC copyright.

Abstract
Inconsistent roller cone/PDC bit performance drilling horizontally through the hard/abrasive Granite Wash reservoir in
western Oklahoma has resulted in low ROP, increased operating days, and escalating drilling costs. The difficult Marmaton
age wash formation is encountered at 11,000-13,000ft TVD and has unconfined compressive strength (UCS) in excess of
30,000 psi. The typical well requires drilling a curve to horizontal, then 4,000 ft of 6-1/8-in lateral borehole. Offsets analysis
revealed that 1-4 RC/PDC bits are required to drill the curve in addition to 1-13 bits to finish the lateral. The operator
required a technological solution to minimize bit consumption/trips to lower well construction costs while achieving
directional requirements.

An analysis of the most troublesome wells was conducted and a mathematical-based predictive analysis software identified
the changes required to efficiently deliver the directional objectives. The study indicated that using a 4-in high-power
steerable turbodrill, with two bends and a specific stabilization setup coupled with an application-specific 6 1/8-in diamond
impregnated bit would significantly increase BHA performance and enhance section economics. The operators drilling team
studied the recommendation and concluded the BHA had the potential to increase reliability and reduce operating costs
drilling the difficult Marmaton Wash.
This new turbodrill/impregnated bit BHA was run in several Washita and Beckham County wells with outstanding results. In
one well the BHA drilled 4,040ft of 6 1/8-in lateral hole section in a single-run saving the operator eight drilling days and
$348,000USD vs plan. The assembly required steering only 17% of the time. The borehole was completed in 589hrs at an
average ROP of 6.9ft/hr. This performance set several new world drilling records. The authors will present case histories that
illustrate performance achievements in the horizontal section and provide details that contributed to the success of the unique
BHA.

Introduction
The Anadarko Basin of Western Oklahoma, Southwestern Kansas and the Texas panhandle is a world class petroleum system
with multiple reservoir targets (Figure 1). These mature oil and gas sources include conventional and unconventional
resources, each presenting unique challenges for vertical and horizontal drilling.
Within the Anadarko Basin the term Granite Wash represents a lithological description of multiple age formations. These
rocks were eroded from the ancestral Wichita/Amarillo Uplift and deposited on a narrow shelf in large fan complexes on the
basin floor (Figure 2). The wash is composed of a combination of quartz, feldspar and lithics with quartz and calcite
cementation. Granite Wash fans form large stratigraphic traps on the north flank of the Anadarko Basin towards their
terminus (Figures 3 and 4).
These Granite Wash traps are currently the basins primary objective for liquid-rich production. Horizontal drilling
maximizes target formation exposure and offers the best economic benefit, but inconsistent drilling performance through
these hard, abrasive and inconsistent formations can quickly jeopardize project economics.

SPE/IADC 163408

In this application the operator targets 4,000-5,000 ft laterals in the difficult Marmaton formation that encountered at 11,00013,000ft TVD within the Granite Wash sequence. The reservoir has 4-8% porosity, 0.01 0.001md permeability, and 5,000
to 10,500 psi reservoir pressure. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the formation can be in excess 30,000 psi but
ranges typically from 3,200 to 18,200psi.
Well construction includes an 8-in intermediate hole to just above the kick off point (KOP) within the Granite Wash where
a 7-in casing is set (Figure 5). The 6-1/8in production hole is then drilled at a build-up rate of 10-12/100ft to land
horizontally within the Marmaton target and continues to achieve a 4,000-5,000 ft lateral to the extent of the lease
boundaries. An oil base mud system is used for drilling the lateral with a density of 11.5 to 13.7 ppg.
Curve and Lateral Drilling Analysis
Conventional positive displacement motor (PDM) assemblies set the initial benchmark in successfully drilling the 6 1/8-in
production section. Over numerous wells the standard to drill the curve became the use of IADC 5 or 6 type insert roller cone
bits for steerability on an unstabilized 4-in 2.6 stage, 7/8 lobe, 2.0 to 2.6 bent housing, 0.26 rev/gal PDMs. PDC bits are
used on occasion because they offer higher ROP, but often have difficulty meeting the directional requirements. The high
reactive torque associated with PDC shearing and difficulty maintaining a consistent WOB makes sliding difficult. Also,
stick-slip makes directional tool-face control troublesome in these formations. This results in a large fluctuating tool-face
while sliding making the amount of slide footage drilled less effective because the tool-face is not always pointed in the
desired direction. In this case the BHA must be in high side mode to achieve maximum build-up rates. To compensate, the
PDM bent housing angle is often increased. This can put the well path back on plan, but often results in more tortuosity in the
hole with higher localized doglegs leading to increased torque and drag as depth increases.
In the lateral the same type PDM is used but with a 1.83 bent housing and 6/7 bladed PDC bit with 13mm or 11mm cutters.
With only minimal directional change needed this assembly becomes efficient at maintaining a good average ROP because
while sliding ROP is 50% of the rotating ROP. The limiting factor then becomes bit reliability and durability. PDC cutters
quickly develop wear flats due to extreme formation abrasiveness. This significantly reduces ROP forcing a trip to replace
the bit.
When a PDC bit becomes ineffective because of increased formation strength and abrasiveness, an IADC 5 or 6 type roller
cone bit was used until the formation becomes PDC drillable. With unpredictable nature of the Granite Wash, directional
difficulties and inconsistent roller cone/ PDC bit performance these wells can require 1-5 roller cone bits to drill the curve in
addition to 6-13 PDC bits to drill the lateral. With the turbodrill assembly the curve can take 1-2 diamond impregnated bits
and 1-4 diamond impreg bits in the lateral. Curve drilling times are better with the diamond impregnated bit and turbine, but
not enough to offset the additional cost. The real benefits are running the diamond impregnated bit on a turbine in the lateral
so the BHA can stay on bottom a longer period of time. In the wells and offsets considered, the average PDC bit drilled 446
ft, where the diamond impregnated bits drilled 1,105 ft (2.47 times the distance) on average.
In the areas of the more difficult and costly wells the operator and service provider selected two offset wells as a baseline for
improvement (Figure 6). The Edler #3-30H required three bits to drill the curve and eight bits and a total of 13 trips for the
lateral resulting in a 37 total days to drill the production section with a gross ROP of 107.96 ft/day or 4.5ft/hr. The Hostetter
#1-23H required five bits to drill the curve and seven bits and a total of nine trips for the lateral resulting in a 38 total days to
drill the production section with a gross ROP of 120.1 ft/day or 5.0 ft/hr. After reviewing these wells it became apparent that
the most direct method to reduce well construction costs and days to drill the well was to improve drilling assembly
durability and reliability. To accomplish the objective several critical key performance objectives (KPO) were outlined:
1.

Identify a more durable bit that could drill two to three times the footage at an economic ROP

2.

Provide a drive system thats reliable, capable of meeting all directional requirements and can maintain consistent
performance over the longer run interval

Bit Selection
PDC bits are continuously improving in wear resistance/durability and the latest cutters and designs are tested in the Granite
Wash as they become available. This included the Marmaton formation where formation strength is often in excess of 15,000
psi UCS and the lithology contains a high percentage of abrasive materials. Regardless of the PDC bit design or cutter type
used to date all PDC bits suffer similar wear or damage that significantly reduces ROP and run length in these formations. Bit
dull grades typically range from 30% worn to damaged beyond repair with worn (WT) or chipped teeth (CT) being the most
common IADC dull grade type (Figure 7). Average run length of PDC bits in the lateral section of the selected offsets is only
446 ft at 10.17 ft/hr.

SPE/IADC 163408

With the goal of finding a more durable bit with economic ROP an impregnated diamond type became the focused choice.
Designed for hard, abrasive formations, diamond impregnated drill bits use application-specific materials to withstand the
most rigorous drilling conditions. The impregnated cutting structure consists of small diamonds few millimeters in diameter
imbedded in a tungsten carbide matrix. This combination allows enough diamond exposure to grind away a small amount of
formation until they dull, break out, and fresh diamonds are exposed (Figure 8). Durability is achieved by the total amount of
diamond volume and the rate at which sharpening process takes place. Optimization of bit wear rate is achieved by
increasing the volume of diamond impregnated material exposed to the hole bottom at a given time, normally by increasing
blade count and width. Additional durability is achieved by managing diamond size/type and their concentration within
various alloy substrates (SPE/IADC 119230).1 Typically in hard (>15,000psi UCS) abrasive formations like the Marmaton
Granite Wash, the more diamond exposed to the formation the better the ROP, assuming adequate hydraulic cleaning of the
bit and bottom hole.
In the curve section formation consistency is less predictable and softer lithologies (<10,000 psi UCS) are often encountered.
In this case, the latest style impregnated bit designs are effective when softer formations are encountered and are also capable
of drilling out float equipment saving a trip for a new bit. With the service providers impregnated diamond bits, this is
accomplished with several basic components:

Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters located in the throat where linear velocity is low to promote better
cleaning at the bit center, for improved ROP.

Engineered hydraulics and optimized blade width and height the impregnated bit designs use a combination of
inside-out flow fluid distribution and specifically placed ports to enhance bit cooling and cleaning. This reduces the
need to change the bit type as formation type or strength changes.

Grit hot pressed inserts (GHI) are an impregnated diamond insert that uses a proprietary process that provides two
fold benefits. The primary benefit is to control the most consistent diamond distribution throughout the ribs of the
impregnated bit by monitoring the distribution on a smaller scale in each single GHI insert. Secondly, the
manufacturing of a GHI insert can be completed at much lower temperatures than that of the bit head itself, allowing
improved diamond integrity by removing it from high temperature exposure (1,200C) that the bit head encounters
during tungsten carbide powder infiltration. Diamond begins to break down and graphitize at 700C.

Drill out GHI positioning Grit hot pressed inserts can be brazed into the impreg bit head with a portion of the
insert protruding from the top of the rib face. The insert protrusion from the bit body offers a shearing cutting face
for early formation penetrations and casing shoe drill out requirements.

As the method of drilling with impregnated diamond bits is grinding or plowing on a very small scale, once each diamond is
buried to its full exposure, a function of weight on bit (WOB), each diamond has reached its maximum cutting efficiency per
revolution, assuming adequate hydraulic cleaning of the bit and bottom hole. However, since penetration rate is time based
and not revolution based, ROP can be maximized by increasing RPM. By increasing the RPM, the ROP approaches or even
exceeds that of other types of bits allowing the operator to take full advantage of the impregnated bits superior durability
without sacrificing ROP (SPE/IADC 119230)
Turbodrill Development
Turbodrills provide the highest speeds currently available in downhole motors (Figure 9). Their design consists of a multistage turbine power section plus a directional bearing section (Figure 10). The power section consists of a series of a number
of stages of rotors and stators. As fluid moves through each stage, the flow is directed from the stator to the rotor, resulting in
rotational force that is transferred to the shaft and down to the bit. Turbine power sections typically have 100 to 150 stages.
The RPM is dictated by the flow rate and profile of the turbine blades. The 4-in turbines used in the example wells have a
nominal speed constant of 7.44 revs/gal and are operational at 1,400 to 1,600 rpm.
However, high speed can be detrimental to a bits gauge durability, especially in abrasive formations. To ensure the bit
remains in gauge it is fitted with a turbine sleeve that is 1 to 1.5 times the length of the bits diameter. In the subject wells, the
turbine sleeve is 7.8-in long resulting in a total bit length of 11.4-in. The bit is also fitted with a box connection which
shortens the overhang below the turbodrill. This design feature brings the bit gauge as close as possible to the turbodrill
lower bearing stabilizer and reduces the bit to bend length.
When compared to a PDM in this application, turbodrills have several advantages in addition to the high speed, including
higher mechanical horsepower, more uniform torque and superior directional control.2-7

SPE/IADC 163408

A turbodrills superior directional control enhances dogleg capability and satisfies one of the critical key performance
objectives (KPO). When slide drilling with a PDM and PDC bit, reactive torque between on and off-bottom turns the toolface in excess of 180 and while on-bottom the fluctuating torque alters it 45 (Figure 11). With the turbodrill and
impregnated diamond bit BHA, reactive torque between on and off-bottom typically turns the tool-face less than 60 and the
fluctuating torque alters it just 15. This means that while sliding the turbodrill assembly consistently points in exactly the
desired direction resulting in a greater change in trajectory for equivalent slide footage and bent housing angle. However, this
characteristic is not the magic bullet for the turbodrill to efficiently meet directional requirements. Understanding the
directional tendency of the complete BHA is the key to successful design and operation.
Since build-up rate (BUR) is one of the most important factors in this application and directional drilling in general, the
operator is clearly interested in knowing the BUR capability of specific tool sizes and stabilizers combinations, but they also
need an efficient way to select a BHA combination that will exactly match the job requirements. The following section
describes how an optimized turbodrill BHA is selected using a time-based 4D modeling system. The BHA selected has a
combination of new directional turbodrill components including a double bend housing (DBH) bearing section and enhanced
profile stabilizers.
Double Bend Housing
The DBH bearing section has an optimized double bend arrangement with specific angles and engineered wear pads that
improve steering performance. Unlike adjustable single bend housings on a standard turbodrill, the new design has two fixed
bends. So a 1.5 bearing section has two fixed 0.75 bends separated by a distance and located at an engineered position
from the bit. This latest design has an excellent track record of constructing high-quality curve and reducing left-hand walk
tendencies compared to a standard single-bend bearing section (SPE 140245).2 The most noticeable difference is a larger total
bend angle. Figure 12 shows a comparison between 4-in DBH and 4-in adjustable single bend housing showing DBH
superior BUR capability.
New Stabilizer
In addition to the new double bend housing, uniquely engineered enhanced profile stabilizers (Figure 13) were used to
improve steerable turbodrill performance. Since fixed bends are included in the BHA, slide drilling is used to build a curve.
If the BHA builds too much, then rotation is used to correct wellbore trajectory. Similarly in the lateral section, slide drilling
is used when a modification is required. Stabilizer design also affects ROP while in both sliding and rotating mode. With
wider blades with an improved helix angle and better wear protection significantly enhances stabilizer profile. The new
stabilizers have a proven track record of delivering consistent ROP in both rotate and slide mode.
Tool Test
The new stabilizer was tested for approximately 1,500 drilling hours utilizing a design of experiments method. The following
is a comparison between a 4-in turbodrill lower bearing regular stabilizer and an enhanced profile stabilizer. In directional
drilling assemblies each individual component can affect the complete system performance. Hence determining the right
combination of tool components is very important. A complex engineering program was created to compare more than
25,000 combinations of 4-in DBH turbodrills, with enhanced profile stabilizers and other BHA components. From this, an
optimized turbodrill assembly unique for each run was selected and used. Based on experience with steerable turbodrills the
following were observed and used in the subject wells.

1.
2.
3.

Using a mid-body stabilizer on the turbodrill assembly makes it kick off faster in the curve
Higher bend angle at an optimized distance from the bit yields better dogleg
BHA with a fixed bend angle performs better in lateral section when used with under gauge stabilizers for both
lower bearing and mid-body stabilizer locations

With an impregnated diamond bit and DBH steerable turbodrill identified as being able to deliver the required
durability/ROP and confidently meet the directional requirements, other operational aspects could be addressed to ensure
economic success. This includes hydraulic considerations, mud cleanliness and the use of lost circulation material in the mud
system and the quality. Consideration was also given to hole quality prior to running the turbodrill.
Operational Requirements
Turbodrills require significant pressure drop to be effective. In the subject wells the pressure drop requirement is 2,000 to
2,500 psi. Below 2,000 psi the turbodrill assembly is still capable of drilling ahead but at a lower ROP that jeopardizes
project economics. To ensure the required pressure is available, a complete hydraulic analysis of the drill string and annulus
is completed for each well to estimate the required surface pumping pressure. This identifies the proper liner sizes for the
pumps and changes to the drill string components that can maximize available pressure for the turbodrill. In the subject wells
the use of 4-in XT drill pipe is critical. The increased inside diameter of the pipe and tool joints reduces the complete system

SPE/IADC 163408

pressure requirement by 11% over 3-in drill pipe, keeping the total system pressure below 4,200 psi. The pressure that
would have been consumed in the smaller pipe is now provided to the turbodrill increasing its output power and RPM leading
to improved ROP.
Another consideration when turbodrilling is mud cleanliness and the use of lost circulation material (LCM). Turbodrill have
tight running clearances that are susceptible to jamming or plugging. As such, the mud must be free of coarse/fibrous
material/plastic beads or other foreign material. Particles or mud solids of 250 to 1000 micron (0.010-in to 0.394-in) can jam
the turbodrill and should be removed from the system prior to drilling with a turbodrill system (Figure 14). Larger material
may potentially plug the turbodrill as well. In the subject wells LCM is rarely required, but if needed it must be compatible
with the turbodrill at acceptable concentrations and thoroughly blended with the drilling fluid prior to pumping downhole.
Hole quality of the footage drilled prior to running the turbodrill assembly must also be considered. The use of un-stabilized
PDM assemblies with PDC or roller cone bits often results in ledging at formation transitions, high localized doglegs and
increased wellbore tortuosity. Following these assemblies with a long gauge box connection bit and turbodrill with one or
two stabilizers often requires time consuming reaming operation that risks damaging the bit.
Case Study 1 (Well 1-H)
Well 1-Hs curve was drilled successfully with a turbine and impreg (K705) kicking off of a whipstock. The BHA
combination averaged 11.5ft/hr through the curve and into the lateral. Another turbine/impreg was picked up to begin the
lateral, resulting in a 466 ft run at 11ft/hr. After this less than average run, the operator chose to run PDM/PDC bottom hole
assembly in the lateral which resulted in seven trips because PDC cutters were damaged by the abrasive wash formation
resulting in unacceptable low ROP. The PDCs averaged 500 ft at 13ft/hr. If the lateral turbine had been coupled with a more
durable K505 type impreg, the lateral longevity would have been longer than both the K705 impreg and PDC runs,
eliminating a percentage time/cost consuming extra trips.
Case Study 2 (Guthrie 4-34H)
The Marmaton Wash formation encountered on the Guthrie proved to be extremely abrasive. It required two impregs to drill
the 10/100ft curve. The lateral zone was also highly abrasive requiring two impregnated bits to complete at an ROP of
9.5ft/hr. With impreg dull grade of 6-8 and 4-6, this part of the Marmaton wash would have required multiple TCI and/or
PDC bits resulting in unwanted tripping and NPT.
Case Study 3 (Spears 2-21H)
One impregnated bit was used to replace one TCI in the curve. However in the lateral, using impregs reduced bit
consumption from 12 PDCs down to just three impregs (K505) setting a new field record (Figure 15) and the final run set a
world record for footage drilled in a single run by a 6 1/8-in impregnated diamond bit. Although the turbodrill/impreg BHA
could not match the motor/PDC penetration rates, the turbodrills increased durability reduced trips to more than offset the
difference in rig-time usage. Also, with the turbodrill/impreg, sliding is optimized rather than minimized. When using a
motor in the application, the operator was sliding with 50-60% of rotating RPM resulting in severe drop in ROP. With the
turbine BHA sliding upwards of 90%, rotating RPM rarely impacts ROP. This characteristic makes the turbodrill superior for
building/dropping angle. The increased hole quality delivered by the turbine/impreg assembly reduces torque/drag and trip
time.
Economic Analysis
When considering the economics while drilling a well, the additional cost of the turbodrill and impregnated diamond bit did
not appear justifiable on a daily basis, especially when compared to the instantaneous ROP logged with PDC bits. However
each trip to replace a dulled or damaged PDC bit reduces the gross ROP and economics for the section. For the set of subject
wells the turbine/impreg costs an additional $18,000 to drill the curve, but saved $367,000USD in the lateral, resulting in a
savings of approximately $348,000USD or 6.3% less than AFE and eight less drilling days verses offsets (Figure 16).
Conclusions
The impregnated drill bit offers increased durability while the turbodrill provided the high RPM and additional power and
steerability to meet the application requirements. Sliding is more optimized than minimized because the turbodrill/impreg
assembly does not decrease in ROP while sliding. The overall objective of reducing drilling costs was met with the added
benefit of improved hole quality eliminating a clean out run saving an additional 24 to 30hrs of rig time.
Safety/HSE
Reduction in the number of bit trips has become a major benefit when drilling the Marmaton Granite Wash with
turbodrill/diamond impregnated bits. Besides the previously discussed economic benefits, fewer trips inherently mean fewer
rig floor operations. As tripping drill pipe is one of the most dangerous activities on a wellsite any reduction means improved
safety. With most well control and hole stability incidents related to bit trips, operations are also safer as occurrences of kicks

SPE/IADC 163408

and wellbore stability issues are less likely. The performance and reliability of turbodrill/impreg BHA, such trips are rarely
unexpected. This allows for proper planning and preparation by all parties.
Continuous Improvement
Going forward, additional advancements in materials science are geared at further improving economics. The drilling team is
also experimenting with drilling parameters and BHA designs.

Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank management at Apache Corp and Schlumberger for permission to publish the well
information and tool data contained in this paper. Finally, thanks to Craig Fleming, Smith Bits, a Schlumberger Company for
editorial contributions.

References
1. Langille, P., Deen, A., Klassen, J.: Minimizing Risks, Maximizing On-Bottom Drilling Time: Turbodrilling with
Impregnated Bits paper SPE/IADC 119230 presented at the SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition and
Exhibition, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1719 March 2009.

2.

Staley, C., Bruton, G., Natanael, M., Kelley, J., Milne, R.: Turbodrill BHA Solves Build Section Challenges,
Anadarko Basin paper SPE/IADC 140245 presented at the SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 13 March 2011.

3.

Mushovic, T., Shuler, D., Morlock, R.J., Conroy, D.: Beyond the Technical Limit: Turbodrilling - A Paradigm
Shift to World Class Horizontal Well Construction paper SPE/IADC 118809 presentation at the SPE/IADC
Drilling Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1719 March 2009.

4.

Botelho, R., Barreto, J., Bello, S., Anato, W., Uzcategui G.: Drilling Optimization at the Aloctono Block in
Venezuela with the Utilization of Latest Technologies in Impregnated Bits and Turbines paper SPE 99602
presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas USA, 24-27 Sept 2006.

5.

Heywood, C., Currie, A., Robson, D., Casey, P.: Recent Material and Geometrical Changes in Impreg Technology
on Turbine Drive Lead to Reduced Drilling Costs in Hard Rock Application paper SPE/IADC 97443 presented at
the SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference & Exhibition, Dubai, UAE, 12-14 Sept 2005.

6.

Close, F., Conroy, D., Greig A., Morin, A., Flint G., Seale, R.: Successful Drilling of Basalt in a West of Shetland
Deepwater Discovery paper SPE 96575 presented at Offshore Europe 2005, Aberdeen, UK 6-9 Sept 2005.

7.

Seale, R., Conroy, D.: PDC Bits Run on Turbodrills: The History, Facts and Current Developments paper SPE
94826 presented at the SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, 20-23 June 2005.

SPE/IADC 163408

Kansas Shelf

KANSAS
OKLAHOMA
Beaver
Beaver

Ochiltree

Anadarko
Basin

Lipscomb
Ellis

Dewey
Roberts

Hemphill
Roger Mills

Beckham

NM

Custer

Deep
Washita
Anadarko
Basin

OK
TEXAS

50

mi
Figure 1 General location map Granite Wash play, Anadarko Basin

Figure 2 Granite Wash depositional model

SPE/IADC 163408

Figure 3 Cross section of Anadarko Basin with stratigraphy and approximate depths of various key formations

Figure 4 - Hydrocarbons produced from multiple age Granite Wash formations

SPE/IADC 163408

Figure 5 Hole section/casing plan of typical Granite Wash curve and lateral

10

SPE/IADC 163408

Depth
17500

16500

15500

14500

13500

12500

11500
XR30TPS

Edler #3-30H

Dull: 2-2-WT-A-E-IN-NO-HR

XR30TPS
XR30TPS

Dull: 4-7-LT-A-E-IN-SD-PR
Dull: 1-1-WT-A-E-IN-NO-BHA

MSI611UPX
MI611UPX

Dull: 1-2-WT-NS-X-IN-NO-PR
Dull: 1-2-WT-NS-X-IN-NO-PR

RSR613DA3
FX63D

XR40YODPS

Dull: 8-8-CR-A-F-3-RG-PR

XR40YODPS

Dull: 1-2-WT-A-E-IN-JD-BHA

RSR613DA3

Dull: 1-3-WT-S-X-IN-NO-PR

RSR711M-B1

Dull: 1-2-WT-A-X-IN-NO-PR

RSR711M-B1

Dull: 1-2-WT-S-X-IN-NO-PR

RSR711M-B1

Dull: 1-2-WT-S-X-IN-NO-DTF

RSR711M-B1

Dull: 1-1-WT-S-X-IN-NO-MWD

RSR711M-B1

Dull: 1-3-WT-NS-X-IN-NO-PR

FX64D

Hostetter #1-23H

Dull: 1-2-WT-S-X-IN-NO-TD

XR20TPS

Dull: 1-1-WT-A-E-IN-NO-PR

XR30TPS

Dull: 1-2-WT-A-E-IN-NO-TQ

XR30TPS

Dull: 1-2-WT-A-E-IN-NO-PR

MSI613WSPX

Dull: 3-4-BT-A-E-IN-WT-HR

Q505FHX

Dull: 1-3-WT-S-X-IN-NO-PR

RSR613D

Dull: 1-3-WT-S-X-IN-NO-PR

Dull: 1-3-WT-NS-X-IN-SPA-PR

RSR613D

Dull: 1-3-WT-NS-X-IN-SPA-PR

15

10

Dull: 1-2-SPA-NS-X-IN-CT-PR

RSR613M-A2

Dull: 1-3-WT-NS-X-IN-SPA-PR

RSR613M-A2

Dull: 1-2-WT-NS-X-IN-SPA-DTF

FMHX643ZZ

20

Dull: 1-2-WT-NS-X-IN-SPA-PR

RSR613D

MSI613WPX

25

Dull: 0-2-WT-S-X-IN-SPA-PR

XR30TPS

MSI613WSPX

30

Dull: 3-8-RO-NS-X-IN-LT-PR

Dull: 2-3-WT-S-X-IN-NO-PR

Dull: -------TD

ROP

Figure 6 Baseline performance of Edler and Hostetter offset wells with bit types

SPE/IADC 163408

Cutter damage and ring-out

11

Cutter wear flats

Figure 7 Typical Marmaton lateral PDC dull with severe cutter damage and ring-out in the gauge area (et al)

Figure 8 Impregnated diamond exposure cycle showing erosion of matrix material revealing fresh cutting structure

12

SPE/IADC 163408

Figure 9 RPM limitation of downhole motor compared with high-speed turbodrill system

Power section
Intermediate stabilizer

Box connection
bit with integral
turbine sleeve

Bearing section

Rotors and stators

Bearing assembly

Lower bearing stabilizer

Titanium flex shaft

Figure 10 Schematic of directional turbodrill used in Granite Wash curve and lateral application

SPE/IADC 163408

13

Reactive torque
Fluctuating torque

Off bottom toolface

0o

90o

0o

270o

180o
Required toolface

90o

Off bottom
toolface

270o

180o
Required toolface

Figure 11 - PDM vs turbodrill: reactive torque comparison with fluctuations

Figure 12 - Smaller double bend angle (DBS) builds higher inclination than same or smaller single bend angle (FBS)

Figure 13 - Enhanced stabilizer with helix angle (left) designed for efficient rotate/slide drilling without impacting ROP

14

SPE/IADC 163408

Figure 14 - Incompatible LCM, foreign material or excessive solids can become jammed in the running clearances of the
blades and bearings stalling the turbine

BHA
#

Section
Used

Power
section

Bearing
Section

Bend
Angle

Lower
Stabilizer
(inches)

Mid body
stabilizer
(inches)

Depth
In

Depth
Out

Inclination
In

Inclination
Out

1
2

Curve
Curve

TSXL
TSXL

DBS
DBS

1.7
2

6 1/16
6 1/16

5 3/4
Flush

12110'
12676'

12497'
13210'

8
51

51
90

Lateral

TSXL

DBS

1.5

5 3/4

5 3/4

13210'

17250'

90

90

Figure 15 Charted BUR shows predicted steerable performance of BHAs 1-3

SPE/IADC 163408

15

Depth
12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

SPEARS# 2-21H 6.125 K505STBPXC + Turbine

GUTHRIE# 4-34H 6.125 K505STBPXC + Turbine
GUTHRIE# 4-34H 6.125 K505STBPXC + Turbine
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 MSI611UPX+ PDM
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 MI611UPX + PDM
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 RSR613DA3+ PDM
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 FX63D+ PDM
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 XR40YODPS+ PDM
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 XR40YODPS+ PDM
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 RSR613DA3 + PDM
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 RSR711M-B1 + PDM
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 RSR711M-B1 + PDM
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 RSR711M-B1 + PDM
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 RSR711M-B1 + PDM
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 RSR711M-B1 + PDM
EDLER# 3-20H 6.125 FX64D + PDM
F# 1H 6.125 K705STBPXC + Turbine
F# 1H 6.125 VM613P + PDM
F# 1H 6.125 VM613P + PDM
F# 1H 6.125 QD406FHX + PDM
F# 1H 6.125 QD307FHX + PDM
F# 1H 6.125 QD406FHX + PDM
F# 1H 6.125 VM613P + PDM
HOSTETTER# 1-23H 6.125 Q505FHX + PDM
HOSTETTER# 1-23H 6.125 RSR613D + PDM
HOSTETTER# 1-23H 6.125 MSI613WSPX + PDM
HOSTETTER# 1-23H 6.125 RSR613D + PDM
HOSTETTER# 1-23H 6.125 RSR613D + PDM
HOSTETTER# 1-23H 6.125 MSI613WPX + PDM
HOSTETTER# 1-23H 6.125 RSR613M-A2 + PDM
HOSTETTER# 1-23H 6.125 RSR613M-A2 + PDM
HOSTETTER# 1-23H 6.125 FMHX643ZZ + PDM

10

15

20

25

30

ROP

Figure 16 Lateral drilling performance of offsets and record setting Spears 2-21H