POL 3180

Latin American Parties, Politics and Elections

Course description
The course will focus on three central and related research areas in the field of Latin
American politics, namely the processes of democratization, the politics of the
emerging democratic regimes, and the quality and configuration of the contemporary
democratic governments. It is organized around concepts and categories from
mainstream comparative politics, and comparative methods will be used throughout to
clarify and analyse the main issues. Yet the course will also demonstrate the
continuing relevance of the historical and cultural contexts of Latin American politics,
and recurring analytical themes such as the role of the state or the rule of law will be placed in context by reference to the politics of particular countries, including
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela. In this way
topical questions can be studied in relation to the enduring characteristics of the politics
of the region.
Course objective
The course aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the contemporary
democratic politics of Latin America. By the end of the course students will be able to
describe the key features of democratic governments in Latin America; assess their
main achievements and challenges; and place current political issues in a comparative
and historical perspective.
Course delivery and student assessment
The course will comprise a combination of lectures, student presentations and
literature reviews, group projects, and the preparation and discussion of research
papers. Assessment will be by research papers (twenty per cent each), classroom
participation and presentations (ten per cent), and a final closed examination (fifty per
cent). Presentations and projects apart, students are expected to prepare for class by
reading on and around the topic for the week and reflecting critically on the reading.
General readings
There are a number of general texts that give a good account of recent and
contemporary political developments in the region, for example:
Peter Kingstone and Deborah Yashar (2012) Routledge Handbook of Latin American
Politics contains detailed essays on a series of big topics (many of them covered in
this module).
Thomas Skidmore, Peter Smith and James Green (2013) Modern Latin America 8th
edition (OUP) comprises useful historical introductions to the different countries.
John Peeler (2009) Building Democracy in Latin America 3rd edition (Lynne Rienner)
takes a thematic approach to democracy using basic concepts from political theory.
Peter H. Smith (2005) Democracy in Latin America: Political Change in Comparative

POL 3180 Latin America 2

Perspective (OUP) delivers a rounded analytical overview.
Joe Foweraker et al. (2003) Governing Latin America (Polity) provides a thematic and
comparative account of the politics of the region.
In addition, many of the concepts, institutions and practices mentioned in the course
may be explored in Barry Clarke and Joe Foweraker eds. (2001) Encyclopedia of
Democratic Thought (Routledge); while a synoptic inquiry into the conditions of
democracy itself can be found in Robert Dahl (1998) On Democracy (Yale University
Press). Original readings in democratic theory and inquiry can be found in R. Dahl, I.
Shapiro and J. A. Cheibub (2002) Democracy Sourcebook (MIT Press).

Term 1
Week 1

Introduction to the course and the readings

Democratization
Week 2

The idea and emergence of democracy

*Przeworski, Adam (2010) A Brief History of Representative Institutions in

Adam Przeworski Democracy and the Limits of Self-Government New York:
Cambridge University Press, 2010).
*Drake, Paul (2009) Between Tyranny and Anarchy: A History of Democracy in Latin
America, 1800-2006 Stanford, chapters 1 and 2, pp. 1-51.
Markoff, John (1999) Where and When Was Democracy Invented Comparative
Studies in Society and History vol 41:4, October, pp. 660-690.
Posada-Carb, Eduardo (2008) Democracy in Jay Kinsbruner Encyclopedia of
Latin American History and Culture Charles Scribner & Sons, Second Edition, pp.
768-791.
Capoccia, Giovanni and Daniel Ziblatt (2010) The Historical Turn in
Democratization Studies: A New Research Agenda for Europe and Beyond
Comparative Political Studies, 48: 8/8, pp. 931-68.
Week 3

State formation and authoritarian constraints

*Lpez-Alves, Fernando (2011) Nation-states and national states: Latin America in

comparative perspective, in Michael Hanagan and Chris Tilly (eds) Contention and
Trust in Cities and States Amsterdam: Springer, pp. 113-128.
*Rueschemeyer, D., Stephens, E, H., and Stephens, J. (1992) Capitalist Development
and Democracy Cambridge: Polity Press Chp. 3 especially pp. 63-75.
Foweraker, J. and Landman, T. (2000) Citizenship Rights and Social Movements
Oxford: Oxford University Press Chp. 1, esp. pp. 1-12

POL 3180 Latin America 3

Kurtz, Marcus (2013) Latin American State Building in Comparative Perspective:

Social Foundations of Institutional Order Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Whitehead, L. (1994) State development in Latin America since 1930 in L. Bethell
(ed) The Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. VI, part 2. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
Linz, J. and Stepan, A. (1996) Stateness, Nationalism and Democratisation Problems
of Democratic Transition and Consolidation Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
Tilly, C. (1990) Coercion, Capital and European States Oxford: Blackwell chps 4 & 7
ODonnell, G. (1999) On the State, Democratization, and Some Conceptual
Problems: a Latin American View with Glances at Some Postcommunist Countries in
Counterpoints, 133-157 University of Notre Dame Press: Notre Dame, IN
Soifer, Hillel (2015) State Building in Latin America Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
Week 4

Latin America and the 3rd wave of democratization

*Diamond, L. (1999) The Third Wave of Democratization, in Diamond Developing

Democracy: Toward Consolidation Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, Chp. 2
*Hartlyn, J. and Valenzuela, A. (1994) Democracy in Latin America since 1930 in L.
Bethell (ed) The Cambridge History of Latin America, Vol.. VI, part 2. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press
Foweraker, J. (2001) Waves of Democracy in Clarke, B. and Foweraker, J.
Encyclopaedia of Democratic Thought London: Routledge
Huntington, S. (1991) The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth
Century Norman, OK and London: University of Oklahoma Press
Huntington, S. (1996) Democracys Third Wave in Diamond, L. and M.F. Plattner
(eds.) The Global Resurgence of Democracy 2nd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press
Smith, P. H. (1996) Talons of the Eagle: Dynamics of US- Latin American Relations
New York: Oxford University Press, especially Section II The Cold War
Week 5

Democratic transformation and transition

*Foweraker, J. (2001) Transformation, Transition, Consolidation: Democratization in

Latin America in K. Nash and A. Scott (eds.) Blackwell Companion to Political
Sociology Oxford: Blackwell Publishers

POL 3180 Latin America 4

*Mainwaring, Scott and Anbal Prez-Lin (2005) Latin American Democratization
since 1978: Democratic Transitions, Breakdowns and Erosions in Frances Hagopian
and Scott Mainwaring eds The Third Wave of Democratization in Latin America:
Advances and Setbacks Cambridge University Press
Gerardo L. Munck Democratic Transitions (2015) in James D. Wright (ed.)
International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 2nd. Edition, Vol. 6,
pp. 97-100 Oxford: Elsevier Science
Mainwaring, Scott and Anbal Prez-Lin (2014) Democracies and Dictatorships in
Latin America. Emergence, Survival, and Fall New York: Cambridge University
Press.
Schmitter, P. C. (1995) Transitology: the Science or Art of Democratization? in
Tulchin, J. S. and Romero, B. (eds.) The Consolidation of Democracy in Latin
America Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner
Rustow, D. (1970) Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model
Comparative Politics 2
O Donnell, G. (1999) Notes on the Study of Processes of Political Democratization
in the Wake of the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State in ODonnell Counterpoints
Notre Dame University Press
Week 6

Democratic transitions from above and from below

*Higley, J. and Gunther, R. (eds) (1992) Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin
America and Southern Europe Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Chps 1& 12
*Foweraker, J. (1995) Theorizing Social Movements London: Pluto Press, Chps 4&5
Levine, D. (1988) Paradigm Lost: Dependency to Democracy World politics 40: 3,
377-394
Munck, G (2012) The Origins and Durability of Democracy in Peter Kingstone and
Deborah J. Yashar (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics pp. 3-20
New York: Routledge
Weyland, K (2014) Making Waves: Democratic Contention in Europe and Latin
America since the Revolutions of 1848 New York, Cambridge University Press
Collier, R. (1999) Paths towards Democracy: the Working Class and Elites in Western
Europe and South America New York: Cambridge University Press, Chps 2 & 4
Diamond, L (1996) Three Paradoxes of Democracy in Diamond and Plattner (eds.)
The Global Resurgence of Democracy 2nd edition

POL 3180 Latin America 5

Foweraker, J. (1994) Popular Political Organization and Democratization: a
Comparison of Spain and Mexico in Budge, I. and D. McKay (eds) Developing
Democracy London: Sage
Magaloni, Beatriz (2005) The Demise of Mexicos One Party- Dominant Regime:
Elite Choices and Masses in the Establishment of Democracy in Hagopian and
Mainwaring eds The Third Wave of Democratization in Latin America Cambridge
University Press
Hagopian, F. (1990). Democracy by undemocratic means? Elites, political pacts and
regime transition in Brazil. Comparative Political Studies. 23, 2, 147-170.
Foweraker, J. (1987) Corporatist Strategies and the Transition to Democracy in
Spain Comparative Politics 20.1 October

The politics of democracy

Week 7

Parties, electoral politics and party systems

*Mainwaring, S., and M. Torcal (2006) Party System Institutionalisation and Party
System Theory after the Third Wave of Democratization in S. Katz & W. Crotty,
Handbook of Political Parties London: Sage Publications, pp. 204-227.
*Mainwaring, S., and E. Zoco (2007) Historical Sequences and the Stabilization of
Interparty Competition: Electoral Volatility in Old and New Democracies Party
Politics Vol. 13: 2, pp. 155-178.
Kitschelt, H, K Hawkins, J P Luna, G Rosas and E Zechmeister (2010) Latin
AmericanPartySystemsNewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress)
Remmer, K. (2008) The Politics of Institutional Change: Electoral Reform in Latin
America, 1978-2002 Party Politics Vol. 14: January, pp. 5-30.
Luna, J. P. and D. Altman (2011) Uprooted but Stable: Chilean Parties and the
Concept of Party System Institutionalization Latin American Politics and Society, 53:
pp. 128.
Morgenstern, S. and Javier Vzquez-DEla (2007) Electoral Laws, Parties, and Party
Systems in Latin America Annual Review of Political Science 10: April, pp. 143-168
Mainwaring, S. and Scully, T. R. (1995) Introduction: Party Systems in Latin
America in Mainwaring and Scully (eds.) Building Democratic Institutions: Party
Systems in Latin America Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1-34
Week 9

Latin Americas left turn, right turn, or sticking to the middle?

POL 3180 Latin America 6

*Levitsky, S. and K. Roberts (2011) Latin Americas Left Turn: a framework for
analysis in Levitsky and Roberts (eds.) The Resurgence of the Latin American Left
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
*Roberts, K (2014) Changing Course in Latin America: Party Systems in the
Neoliberal Era Cambridge University Press
Kaltwasser,RandJPLuna(eds.)(2014)TheResilienceoftheLatinAmerica
RightJohnsHopkinsUniversityPress
Shifter,M(2011)LatinAmerica:ASurgetotheCenterJournalofDemocracyVol.
22,no.1,January
Luna,J.P.(2014)SegmentedRepresentation

:
PoliticalPartyStrategiesinUnequal
DemocraciesOxfordUniversityPress
Week 10

Individual supervision on research papers

Week 11

Submission and defence of research papers

Term 2
Week 1

Executive-legislative relations and governability

*Foweraker, J. (1998) Institutional Design, Party Systems and Governability

Differentiating the Presidential Regimes of Latin America British Journal of Political
Science 28: 651-676
*Mainstrendet, L. and E. Berntzen (2008) Reducing the Perils of Presidentialism in
Latin America through Presidential Interruptions Comparative Politics 41: 1, 83-101
Llanos, M., and L. Mainstrendet (eds) (2010) Presidential Breakdowns in
Latin America. Causes and Outcomes of Executive Instability in Developing
Democracies. London: Palgrave Macmillan
Cheibub, J A (2007) Are Coalitions Rare in Presidential Democracies, Chp. 4 of
Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press
Prez-Lin, A (2007) Presidential Impeachment and the New Political Instability in
Latin America Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Mejia Acosta, A. and J. Polga-Hecimovich (2011) Coalition Erosion and Presidential
Instability in Ecuador Latin American Politics and Society 53, 87111.
Mainwaring, S. (1993) Presidentialism, Multipartism and Democracy: the Difficult
Combination Comparative Political Studies 26, 198-228

POL 3180 Latin America 7

Linz, J.J. (1994) Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does it make a
Difference? in Linz, J. J. and Valenzuela, A. The Failure of Presidential Democracy:
the Case of Latin America Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Mainwaring, S. and Shugart, M. S. (eds.) (1997) Presidentialism and Democracy in
Latin America Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Jones, M. P. (1995) Electoral Laws and the Survival of Presidential Democracies
Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press
Week 2

Populism versus party systems?

*Weyland, K. (2001) Clarifying a Contested Concept: Populism in the Study of Latin

American Politics Comparative Politics 34: 1
*Mayorga, Rene Antonio (2006) Outsiders and Neopopulists: the Road to
Plebiscitary Democracy in Scott Mainwaring et al. eds The Crisis of Democratic
Representation in the Andes Stanford University Press
Madrid, R. (2008) The Rise of Ethnopopulism in Latin America World Politics 60:
3, pp. 475-508.
Tanaka, Martin (2006) From Crisis to Collapse of the Party System and Dilemmas of
Democratic Representation: Peru and Venezuela in Scott Mainwaring et al. eds The
Crisis of Democratic Representation in the Andes Stanford University Press
Seawright,J(2012)PartySystemCollapse:TheRootsofCrisisinPeruand
VenezuelaStanford:StanfordUniversityPress
Levistky S. & Cameron, M. (2003) Democracy Without Parties? Political Parties and
Regime Change in Fujimoris Peru Latin American Politics and Society Vol. 45 No 3
Roberts, Kenneth M. (2003) Social Correlates of Party System Demise and Populist
Resurgence in Venezuela Latin American Politics and Society Vol. 45 No 3 Fall
Levitsky, S (2005) Crisis and Renovation: Institutional Weakness and the
Transformation of Argentine Peronism in S. Levitsky and V. Murillo (eds) Argentine
Democracy: the Politics of Institutional Weakness Penn State University Press
ODonnell, G. (1994) Delegative Democracy Journal of Democracy 5: 55-69
Week 3

Populist political projects, right and left

*Weyland, Kurt (1996) Neopopulism and neoliberalism in Latin America:

unexpected affinities Studies in Comparative International Development 31: 3, 1-31

POL 3180 Latin America 8

*Mazzuca,SL(2013)TheRiseofRentierPopulismJournalofDemocracyVol.24,
N4:10822
Navia, Patricio and Ignacio Walker (2010) Political institutions, populism and
democracy in Latin America in Mainwaring and Scully eds. Democratic Governance
in Latin America Stanford
Kay, B. H. (1996) Fujipopulism and the Liberal State in Peru, 1990-1995 Journal of
Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 38: 4
Roberts, K. (1995) Neoliberalism and the Transformation of Populism in Latin
America: The Peruvian Case World Politics vol. 48, no.1
Conaghan, Catherine M. (2011) "Ecuador: Rafael Correa and the Citizens'
Revolution in S. Levitsky and K. Roberts (eds.) The Resurgence of the Latin
American Left Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Etchemendy, Sebastian and Candelaria Garay (2011) Argentina: Left Populism in
Comparative Perspective 2003-2009 in S. Levitsky and K. Roberts (eds.) The
Resurgence of the Latin American Left pp. 283-305
Corrales, J and M. Penfold (2011) Dragon in the Tropics: Hugo Chvez and the
Political Economy of Revolution in Venezuela Washington: Brookings Institution
Press, Chps. 1 and 6.
Ellner, S. (2003) The Contrasting Variants of the Populism of Hugo Chavez and
Alberto Fujimori Journal of Latin American Studies 35: 1, 139-162
Panizza, F. (2000) Neopopulism and its limits in Collors Brazil Bulletin of Latin
American Research 19:2, special edition on populism, 177-192

The quality of democratic government

Week 4

Understanding the quality of democracy

*Levine, D. and J. Molina (2011) The Quality of Democracy in Latin America

Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Chapters 1 & 2
*Foweraker, J. and Krznaric, R. (2000) Measuring Liberal Democratic Performance:
an Empirical and Conceptual Critique Political Studies Vol. 48:4, September
ODonnell, G. (1999) Illusions about Consolidation in ODonnell, G. Counterpoints,
175-194 Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press

POL 3180 Latin America 9

Mazzuca, S (2010) Access to Power Versus Exercise of Power: Reconceptualizing
the Quality of Democracy in Latin America Studies in Comparative Development
Vol. 45, N 3: 334-57.
Munck, G. (2014) What is democracy? A reconceptualization of the quality of
democracy Democratization 1-26
Przeworski, A. (2010) Democracy and the Limits of Self-Government New York:
Cambridge University Press
ODonnell,G.(2010)Democracy,Agency,andtheState:TheorywithComparative
IntentOxford:OxfordUniversityPress
Week 5

The imperfect rule of law

*ODonnell G. (2000) The (Un)rule of Law and Polyarchies in Latin America in J.

Mendez et al. (eds.) The (Un)Rule of Law and the Underprivileged in Latin America
Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press
*Foweraker, Joe and Roman Krznaric (2002) The Uneven Performance of the
Democracies of the 3rd Wave: Electoral Politics and the Imperfect Rule of Law in
Latin America Latin American Politics and Society Vol. 44 (3)
Zakaria, F. (1997) The Rise of Illiberal Democracy Foreign Affairs Nov/Dec, 22-43
Brinks, Daniel (2006) The Rule of (Non) Law. Prosecuting Police Killings in Brazil
and Argentina in Gretchen Helmke and Steven Levitsky eds. Informal institutions
and democracy Baltimore, pp. 201-27
Pereira, Anthony (2008) Public Security, Private Interests, and Police Reform in
Brazil in Peter Kingstone and Timothy Power, eds. Democratic Brazil Revisited
Pittsburgh
Landman, T. Violence, Democracy, and Human Rights in Latin America in
Desmond Arias and D. Goldstein (eds) Violent Democracies in Latin America, pp.
226-241.
Week 6

Inequality, social exclusion and legitimacy

*Vilas, C. M. (1997) Participation, Inequality and the Whereabouts of Democracy in

Chalmers, D. et al. (eds.) The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America Oxford:
Oxford University Press, pp. 3-42. [Big Picture]
*ODonnell, G. (2004) Human Development, Human Rights and Democracy in
ODonnell G., Cullell J. V., Iazzetta O. M. eds. The Quality of Democracy: Theory
and Applications, 9-92 Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press

POL 3180 Latin America 10

Huber, E and J D Stephens (2012) Democracy and the Left: Social Policy and
Inequality in Latin America Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Kaufman, Robert R. (2009) The Political Effects of Inequality in Latin America:
Some Inconvenient Facts Comparative Politics 41: 3, pp. 359-379.
Haggard, S and R Kaufman (2008) Development, Democracy, and Welfare States:
Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe Princeton
Dahl, R. Development and Democratic Culture in L. Diamond et al. Consolidating
the Third Wave Democracies Vol. 1 Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press
Whitehead, L. (1992) The Alternatives to Liberal Democracy: a Latin American
Perspective in Held, D. (ed.) Prospects for Democracy, special edition of Political
Studies 40
Gerardo Munck Democratic consolidation in Barry Clarke and Joe Foweraker (eds.)
(2001) Encyclopedia of Democratic Thought London: Routledge
Week 7

Citizenship rights and social mobilization

*Silva, E (2009) Challenging Neoliberalism in Latin America New York: Cambridge

University Press Chapters 1 + 3
*Foweraker, J. (2005) Toward a Political Sociology of Social Mobilization in Latin
America in Wood, C. and Roberts, B. R. eds. Rethinking Development in Latin
America Pennsylvania: Penn State Press
Harvey, N. (1998) The Right to Have Rights in Harvey, N. The Chiapas Rebellion:
the Struggle for Land and Democracy Durham NC: Duke University Press, 6-35
Joe Foweraker (2001) Grassroots Movements and Political Activism in Latin
America: a Critical Comparison of Chile and Brazil Journal of Latin American
Studies 33: 4
Madrid, R (2012) The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Latin America New York: Cambridge
University Press
Lucero, J. A. (2008) Struggles of Voice: The Politics of Indigenous Representation in
the Andes. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, Chps. 1 and 2.
Yashar, Deborah (2006) Indigenous Politics in the Andes: Changing Patterns of
Recognition, Reform and Representation in Scott Mainwaring et al. eds The Crisis of
Democratic Representation in the Andes Stanford
_____________ (2005) Questions, Approaches, Cases in Contesting Citizenship in
Latin America: the Rise of Indigenous Movements and the Postliberal Challenge
Cambridge University Press

POL 3180 Latin America 11

Foweraker, J. (1998) Ten Theses on Women in the Political Life of Latin America in
Rodrguez, V. E. ed. Women's Participation in Mexican Political Life Boulder CO:
Westview
Foweraker, J. (1997) Popular Mobilization and Political Culture in Mexico in
Pansters, W. ed. Citizens of the Pyramid. Essays on Mexican Political Culture Thela
Publishers, Amsterdam
Keck, M. and Sikkink, K. (1998) Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in
International Politics Ithaca: Cornell University Press
Week 8

Economic development and comparative democratic performance

*Mainwaring, S. and Perez-Linan, A. (2003) Level of Development and Democracy:

Latin American Exceptionalism, 1945-1996 Comparative Political Studies 36: 9,
1031-1067
*Landman, T. (1999) Economic Development and Democracy: The View from Latin
America Political Studies 47: 4, 607-626.
Joe Foweraker and Roman Krznaric (2003) Differentiating the Democratic
Performance of the West European Journal of Political Research vol. 42 (3)
A. Przeworski, M. Alvarez, J A Cheibub and F Limongi (1996) What Makes
Democracies Endure? Journal of Democracy Vol.7 No.1 (January)
Burkhart, R. E. and Lewis-Beck, M. (1994) 'Comparative Democracy: the Economic
Development Thesis', American Political Science Review, 88 (4): 903-10.
Foweraker, J. and Landman, T. (2004) Economic Development and Democracy
Revisited: Why Dependency Theory is not Yet Dead Democratization 11: 1
Kitschelt, H and Daniel M. Kselman (2013) Economic Development, Democratic
Experience and Political Parties' Linkage Strategies Comparative Political Studies
vol. 46, no. 1: 14531484.
Week 9

Constitutional design and attempts to re-found the republic

*Cameron, M. A. and Sharpe, K. E. (2010) Andean Left Turns: Constituent Power

and Constitution-Making in Maxwell A. Cameron and Eric Hershberg (eds.) Latin
Americas Left Turns: Politics, Policies and Trajectories of Change Boulder: Lynne
Rienner Publishers
*Kennemore, Amy & Gregory Weeks (2011) Twenty-First Century Socialism? The
Elusive Search For A Post-Neoliberal Development Model In Bolivia And Ecuador
Bulletin of Latin American Research Vol. 30: pp. 267281.

POL 3180 Latin America 12

Gargarella, R (2013) Latin American Constitutionalism (1810-2010): The Engine

Room of the Constitution Oxford: Oxford University Press
Yashar, Deborah (1999) Democracy, Indigenous Movements, and the Postliberal
Challenge in Latin America World Politics 52:1, 76-104
Corrales, Javier (2011) Why Polarize? Advantages and Disadvantges of a RationalChoice Analysis of Government-Opposition Relations in Venezuela in Jonathan
Eastwood and Thomas Ponniah eds. Revolution in Venezuela Harvard University
Press
Conaghan, Catherine M. (2008) Ecuador: Correa's Plebiscitary Presidency Journal of
Democracy 19: 2, pp. 46-60.
Barczack, Monica (2001) Representation by Consultation? The Rise of Direct
Democracy in Latin America Latin American Politics and Society Vol. 43 No 3 Fall
Joe Foweraker and Todd Landman (2002) Constitutional Design and Democratic
Performance Democratization 9: 2
Week 10

The accountability deficit

*ODonnell, G. (1999) Horizontal Accountability in New Democracies in Schedler,

A., Diamond, L., and Plattner, M. (eds.) The Self-Restraining State: Power and
Accountability in New Democracies Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers
*Moreno, E., Crisp, B. F., and Shugart, M. S. (2003) The Accountability Deficit in
Latin America in Mainwaring, S. and Welna, C. (eds.) Democratic Accountability in
Latin America Oxford: Oxford University Press
Eaton, Kent (2006) Decentralizations Non-democratic Roots: Authoritarianism and
Subnational Reform in Latin America Latin American Politics and Society 48: 1
Giraudy, A (2015) Democrats and Autocrats: Pathways of Subnational Undemocratic
Regime Continuity Within Democratic Countries Oxford: Oxford University Press
Helmke, Gretchen and Steven Levitsky (2006) Introduction (eds) Helmke and
Levitsky Informal Institutions and Democracy: Lessons from Latin America Johns
Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Inglehart, R. and M Carballo (1997) Does Latin America Exist? (And is there a
Confucian Culture?): A Global Analysis of Cross-Cultural Differences PS: Political
Science and Politics, Vol. 30 No.1 (March): 34-46

POL 3180 Latin America 13

Desmond Arias, Enrique and Daniel M. Goldstein Violent Pluralism: Understanding
the New Democracies of Latin America and Conclusion: Understanding Violent
Pluralism in E. Desmond Arias and D. M. Goldstein (eds) Violent Democracies in
Latin America, pp. 1-33, 242-263.
Corrales, Javier (2010) The Repeating Revolution: Chavezs New Politics and Old
Economics in Kurt Weyland et al. eds. Leftist Governments in Latin America:
Successes and Shortcomings Cambridge University Press
Panizza, F. (2000) Beyond Delegative Democracy: Old Politics and New
Economics in Latin America Journal of Latin American Studies 32: 2, 737-763
Hagopian, F. (1996) Traditional Politics and Regime Change in Brazil Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press
Week 11

Submission and defence of research papers