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David L. Emrick
October 22, 2007
Lab Partner - Enrico Fermi
Instructor Dr. Robert Goddard
Abstract:
The molar masses of selected gases were determined by comparing the masses of the selected gases to the
mass of an equal volume of oxygen under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. The molar
masses were determined using the experimental ratios and setting the molar volume of oxygen as 32.0 g/mol.
The molar masses of air (28.7 g/mol), nitrogen (27.9 g/mol), butane (53.0 g/mol) and burner gas (55.5 g/mol)
were calculated.
Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the molar mass of several gases and volatile
liquids
Avogadros hypothesis states that under the same conditions of temperature and pressure equal volumes of
gases contain the same number of molecules. The mass of equal volumes of four gases (air, propane,
nitrogen, and burner gas) as well as the mass of an equal volume of oxygen were measured. Setting the
molar mass of oxygen as 32.0 g/mol, the molar masses of the four gases were calculated using ratios and
proportions.
Procedure and Materials: See attachment, Determining the Molar Mass of Gases published by Flinn
Scientific, for a list of materials and the procedure that was followed.
Data: The following data was collected during the determination of the molar masses of selected gases.
Mass of Evacuated Syringe
40.726 g
Air
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Burner Gas
Sulfur
Hexafluoride
40.782
40.786
40.759
40.808
40.991
0.056
0.060
0.033
0.082
0.265
30
18
45
140
28.9
32.0
16.0
44.0
146.1
3.8 %
12.5 %
2.3 %
4.2 %
Calculations: The molar mass of the gases was calculated using Avogadros hypothesis and ratio and
proportion. Avogadros hypothesis states that equal volumes of gases at the same state of pressure and
temperature contain the same number of molecules. By setting up a ratio and proportion between the mass
of the unknown gas to the mass of an equal volume of oxygen to the molar mass of the unknown gas to the
molar volume of oxygen, the molar mass of the unknown gas can be calculated.
mass of air
22.1
6.4
0.4
=
28.9 g.mol
= 3.8 %
Burner Gas: % error = 12.5 %