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Research Scholar, Department of P. G. Studies & Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University,
Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
Assistant Professor, Department of P.G. Studies & Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri,
Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
3
Professor, Department of Studies & Research in Chemistry, Kuvempu University P.G Centre, Kadur,
Chikmagaluru, Karnataka, India
ABSTRACT
Chemical characterisation and nutrient rating of surface soils (0-30 cm) was studied in 225 representative
samples of different hoblis from Arecanut growing taluks of Shivamoga and Chikmagaluru districts of Karnataka. The
study revealed that the majority of the soils were medium to highly acidic with non-saline nature and high in organic
carbon content. The available nitrogen and potassium status were medium and available phosphorus status was low.
The exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents varied from 1.30 to 5.30 cmol (p+) kg-1 and 0.30 to 3.30 cmol (p+)
respectively. The available sulphur ranged from 4.60 to 24.50 ppm. The soils were high in micronutrients,
viz.,iron, manganese and copper. Zinc content was in the range of 0.14 to 3.72 ppm.
KEYWORDS: Arecanut, Chemical Characterisation, Nutrient Index, Fertility Rating, Hilly Zone
Received: Mar 18, 2016; Accepted: Apr 07, 2016; Published: Apr 12, 2016; Paper Id.: IJASRJUN20164
Original Article
kg-1
INTRODUCTION
Arecanut (Areca catechu L.) is one of the most profitable commercial plantation crop grown in Karnataka
state and is grown in about 2.18 lakh ha. with an annual production of 4.58 lakh tonnes. The state has three distinct
tracts viz., the Malnad, the Coastal and the Plains. The Malnad tract mainly comprises of Thirthahalli, Hosanagara
and Sagara talukas of Shivamogga district and Sringeri, Koppa, Mudigere & N.R.Pura talukas of Chickmagalore
district that comes under hilly zone (zone 9) of agro-climatic zone of Karnataka.. These two districts contribute
38.53 percent of total area and 34.19 percent of total production of the state (Anonymous, 2008). The above
talukas are characterized by varying parent materials, heavy rainfall, variation in altitude, temperature fluctuations
etc. These factors may play dominant role in determining the soil fertility. As such, Arecanut crop is perennial in
nature and its productivity tend to affected by many factors, out of which soil nutrient status such as organic
carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as well as secondary and micronutrients are the important
factors. Hence, in the present study, an effort was made to determine the soil chemical properties and nutrient status
in arecanut gardens of the some representative hoblis of different taluks of hilly zone of Karnataka. The findings of
the study are useful in adopting crop production technologies and nutritional management practices to keep the
gardens healthy and productive (Bhat, 1978).
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27
CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that, in arecanut growing belts of hilly zone of Karnataka, viz., Thirthahalli, Hosanagara,
sagara. Koppa, Sringeri, N R Pura and Mudigere, the majority of the soils were moderately acidic with non-saline nature
and were high in organic carbon content. The available N and K were medium in fertility rating and that of P was low.
Majority of the soils of the garden were sufficient to exchangeable calcium and magnesium. The micro nutrient viz., Fe,
Mn, Zn and Cu showed wide variation in all the samples of different taluks. Hence the findings of the study are useful in
adopting crop production technologies and nutritional management practices to keep the gardens healthy and productive
(Bhat, 1978).
REFERENCES
1.
Anantahnarayana,R. and Perur, N.G. (1973). Characterization of some acid soil of Mysore,State. Mysore J.
Agric. Sci., 7, 349-353.
2.
Ananthanarayana, R. Reddy, M.N., Mithyantha, M.S. and Perur, N.G. (1986). Status of
available
secondary
Anonymous. (2008). Horticultural crop statistics of Karnataka state at a glance Horticulture Department, Govt.
of Karnataka, pp. 58.
www.tjprc.org
editor@tjprc.org
28
4.
Bhat, K.S. (1978). Agronomic research in arecanut a review. J. Plantn. Crops, 6,67-80.
5.
Dhananjaya, B.N., Sreenivasamurthy, C.A., Preethu, D.C., Dhananjaya, B.C. and Chandrashekar, S.C. (2009).
Environment and Ecology, 27(1A), 407-412.
6.
Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India (Pvt.) Ltd., New Delhi.
7.
Jyothi, T.V., Vishwanatha Shetty, Y. and Dinesh Kumar, M. (2009). Characterization and DTPA- Zn status in
traditional arecanut garden soils of south Karnataka. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 22(5), 1013-1015.
8.
Kannan, N. and Mathan, K.K. (1994). Iron, manganese, zinc and copper contents of some selected watersheds in
hilly regions of Tamil Nadu. Madras Agric. J., 81, 512-514.
9.
Lindsy, W.L. and Norwell, W.A. (1978). Development of DTPA soil test for zinc, iron,
Manures.
(Ed.)
Bavappa, K.V.A., Nair, M.K. and Prem Kumar, T., CPCRI,Kasargod. (pp. 97-104).
11. Niranjana, K.S. (1997). Distribution and fractionation of phosphorus in soils of different agro-climatic zones of
Karnataka. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Bangalore (India).
12. Ramamoorthy, B. and Bajaj, J.C. (1969). Available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium
status of Indian
29
APPENDICES
Table 1: The Range of Chemical Properties and the available Major
Nutrients of Arecanut Garden Soils of different Taluks
Sl.
N
o.
Taluks &
No. of
samples
pH
(1:2.5)
E.C.
(dS/m)
O.C.
(%)
Avl. N
(kg/ha)
0.050.48-2.24
183.25-584.50
0.13
(1.50)
(383.75)
(0.08)
0.06Hosanagara
5.35-6.69
0.51-1.91
196.75-577.75
2
0.18
(30)
(5.62)
(1.38)
(345.50)
(0.13)
0.03Sagara
5.62-6.94
0.35-1.87
152.93-577.64
3
0.24
(45)
(5.89)
(1.45)
(358.03)
(0.09)
0.06Koppa
5.40-6.40
0.47-1.72
217.04-641.07
4
0.14
(30)
(5.56)
(1.32)
(337.20)
(0.08)
0.03Sringeri
5.21-5.96
0.49-2.35
207.50-663.28
5
0.10
(30)
(5.38)
(1.44)
(362.75)
(0.05)
0.04N.R. Pura
5.50-7.05
0.45-2.04
146.37-539.84
6
0.20
(20)
(6.25)
(1.26)
(325.75)
(0.11)
0.03Mudigere
5.28-6.34
0.51-1.94
164.75-553.05
7
0.18)
(20)
(5.87)
(1.56)
(327.96)
(0.06)
(Figures in paranthesis indicate the mean value of different samples)
Thirthahally
(50)
5.43-6.76
(5.87)
Avl.P2O5
(kg/ha)
Avl. K2O
(kg/ha)
7.2622.91
(14.22)
7.1323.86
(13.45)
8.4832.74
(18.29)
7.3825.66
(13.97)
5.1321.27
(13.55)
5.1325.87
(14.22)
6.4927.58
(14.31)
133.76430.08
(164.33)
120.80458.56
(208.32)
80.92413.04
(188.38)
111.44450.56
(147.67)
95.60416.64
(172.7)
128.44430.08
(254.48)
118.37457.93
(184.88)
Exch. Ca
(c mol
(p+) kg-1)
Exch. Mg
(c mol
(p+) kg-1)
Thirthahally
(50)
2.10-4.20
(3.30)
0.60-2.30
(1.40)
Hosanagara
(30)
1.70-5.30
(3.70)
0.50-3.30
(1.80)
Sagara
(45)
1.80-4.40
(3.90)
0.60-2.70
(1.90)
Koppa
(30)
2.10-4.40
(3.10)
0.50-2.80
(1.70)
Sringeri
(30)
1.60-3.30
(2.60)
0.30-2.30
(1.30)
N.R. Pura
(20)
2.30-5.30
(4.10)
0.60-2.80
(1.80)
Mudigere
(20)
1.30-3.60
(2.90)
0.40-2.40
(1.50)
Sl.
No.
Avl. S
(ppm)
5.5015.60
(8.50)
6.6022.50
(8.10)
8.3524.50
(13.50)
4.6015.50
(6.50)
5.8015.80
(7.50)
5.1017.50
(6.70)
6.2522.60
(15.60)
Exch. Fe
(ppm)
10.57-58.27
(29.92)
15.09-59.04
(36.40)
12.57-54.49
(38.47)
20.23-58.88
(42.50)
23.95-68.96
(30.06)
20.06-52.60
(38.55)
18.75-53.89
(38.57)
Exch.
Mn
(ppm)
6.0421.88
(14.73)
3.4023.07
(18.20)
4.1233.65
(24.64)
12.6024.63
(16.63)
9.8216.70
(13.82)
10.4433.07
(20.56)
7.6421.07
(18.05)
Exch. Cu
(ppm)
4.57-34.51
(18.13)
4.23-21.68
(11.68)
3.63-25.86
(14.51)
2.73-18.36
(10.68)
3.35-29.29
(20.62)
2.75-22.57
(12.69)
4.11-26.53
(15.63)
Exch.
Zn
(ppm)
0.171.89
(0.34)
0.162.98
(1.09)
0.142.98
(0.83)
0.231.44
(0.79)
0.181.74
(0.98)
0.213.72
(1.89)
0.162.84
(0.64)
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Table 3: Soil Fertility Evaluation for Ph, Organic Carbon and Available N, P2O5, K2O
S
l
.
N
o
Talu
ks
&
No.
of
sam
ples
Ph (1:2.5)
Lo
w
(<0.
50)
Me
diu
m
(0.5
00.7
5)
High
(>0.7
5)
4
(8.0
0)
3
(6.0
0)
8
(16.
00)
19
(63.33)
2
(6.6
7)
6
(20.
00)
8
(17.
78)
33
(73.33)
4
(8.8
9)
2
(4.4
4)
Kop
pa
(30)
11
(36.
67)
19
(63.33)
Srin
geri
(30)
15
(50.
00)
15
(50.00)
N.R.
Pura
(20)
4
(20.
00)
Mud
igere
(20)
7
(35.
00)
Hig
hly
acid
ic
(<5.
5)
Moder
ately
acidic
(5.56.5)
Neu
tral
(6.57.5)
13
(26.
00)
33
(66.00)
9
(30.
00)
Saga
ra
(45)
Thirt
haha
ly
(50)
Hos
anag
ara
(30)
Available N
(kg/ha)
O.C. (%)
12
(26.
67)
Low
(<280)
Mediu
m
(280560)
High
(>560)
39
(78.0
0)
6
(12.00)
26
(52.00)
18
(36.00)
24
(80.0
0)
3
(10.00)
11
(36.67)
16
(53.33)
31
(68.8
9)
5
(11.11)
23
(51.11)
17
(37.78)
2
(6.6
7)
9
(30.
00)
19
(63.3
3)
5
(16.67)
17
(56.67)
8
(26.67)
2
(6.6
7)
11
(36.
67)
17
(56.6
7)
6
(20.00)
15
(50.00)
9
(30.00)
12
(60.00)
4
(20.
00)
2
(10.
00)
7
(35.
00)
11
(55.0
0)
7
(35.00)
10
(50.00)
3
(15.00)
13
(65.00)
8
(40.
00
12
(60.0
0)
4
(20.00)
12
(60.00)
4
(20.00)
Available
K2O
(Kg/ha)
Available P2O5
(kg/ha)
Lo
w
(<2
2.9
)
38
(76
.67
)
21
(70
.00
)
28
(62
.23
)
22
(73
.33
)
28
(93
.33
)
11
(55
.00
)
10
(50
.00
)
Med
ium
(22.
9056.3
3)
High
(>56.
33)
Low
(<141)
Med
ium
(141
336)
Hig
h
(>33
6)
10
(20.
00)
2
(3.33)
3
(6.00)
38
(76.
00)
9
(18.
00)
8
(26.
67)
1
(3.33)
2
(6.67)
22
(73.
33)
6
(20.
00)
15
(33.
33)
2
(4.44)
3
(6.67)
31
(68.
89)
10
(22.
22)
8
(26.
67)
6
(20.00)
19
(63.
33)
5
(16.
67)
2
(6.6
7)
7
(23.33)
16
(53.
33)
7
(23.
33)
5
(25.
00)
4
(20.00
)
2
(10.00)
11
(55.
00)
7
(35.
00)
9
(45.
00)
1
(5.00)
4
(20.00)
14
(70.
00)
2
(10.
00)
Taluks &
No. of
Samples
O.C. (%)
Nutrient
Index
Thirthahally
(50)
Hosanagara
(30)
Sagara
(45)
Koppa
(30)
Sringeri
(30)
N.R. Pura
(20)
Mudigere
(20)
Fertility
Rating
Available N
(kg/ha)
Nutrient Fertility
Index
Rating
Available P2O5
(kg/ha)
Nutrient Fertility
Index
rating
Available K2O
(Kg/ha)
Nutrient Fertility
Index
Rating
2.72
High
1.70
Medium
1.27
Low
2.12
Medium
2.80
High
2.43
High
1.33
Low
2.13
Medium
2.64
High
2.27
Medium
1.42
Low
2.11
Medium
2.57
High
2.10
Medium
1.27
Low
1.97
Medium
2.50
High
2.10
Medium
1.07
Low
2.00
Medium
2.45
High
1.80
Medium
1.45
Low
2.25
Medium
2.40
High
2.00
Medium
1.55
Low
1.90
Medium