950

Chapter 15 Multiple Integrals

Clear[x, y, f]
f[x_, y_]:= 1 / (x y)
Integrate[f[x, y], {x, 1, 3}, {y, 1, x}]
To reverse the order of integration, it is best to first plot the region over which the integration extends. This can be done
with ImplicitPlot and all bounds involving both x and y can be plotted. A graphics package must be loaded. Remember to
use the double equal sign for the equations of the bounding curves.
Clear[x, y, f]
<<Graphics`ImplicitPlot`
ImplicitPlot[{x==2y, x==4, y==0, y==1},{x, 0, 4.1}, {y, 0, 1.1}];
f[x_, y_]:=Exp[x2 ]
Integrate[f[x, y], {x, 0, 2}, {y, 0, x/2}]
Integrate[f[x, y], {x, 2, 4}, {y, 0, 1}]
To get a numerical value for the result, use the numerical integrator, NIntegrate. Verify that this equals the original.
Integrate[f[x, y], {x, 0, 2}, {y, 0, x/2}]
NIntegrate[f[x, y], {x, 2, 4}, {y, 0, 1}]
NIntegrate[f[x, y], {y, 0, 1},{x, 2y, 4}]
Another way to show a region is with the FilledPlot command. This assumes that functions are given as y = f(x).
Clear[x, y, f]
<<Graphics`FilledPlot`
FilledPlot[{x2 , 9},{x, 0,3}, AxesLabels {x, y}];
f[x_, y_]:= x Cos[y2 ]
Integrate[f[x, y], {y, 0, 9}, {x, 0, Sqrt[y]}]
67.

'13 '1x xy" dy dx 0.603

68.

'01 '01 ec x by

69.

'01 '01 tan
" xy dy dx 0.233

70.

'c11 '0

'0 '2ye
4

'0

 "4

x#

dx dy

'0

x/2

ex dy dx
'2

" 4
4 e

'01 ex

dy dx

 21 erfia2b
21 erfia4b

1.1494 106

1cx

dy dx 0.558

31  x#  y# dy dx 3.142

The following graphs was generated using

Mathematica.

71. Evaluate the integrals:

1

Section 15.2 Areas, Moments, and Centers of Mass

72. Evaluate the integrals:

'0 'x x cosay2 bdy dx '0 '0

3

sina81b
4

x cosay2 bdx dy

0.157472

73. Evaluate the integrals:

'0 'y
2

2y

67,520
693

ax2 y  xy2 bdx dy '0

4cy#

'0 '0

'x /32 ax2 y  xy2 bdy dx

3

The following graphs was generated using

Mathematica.

97.4315

74. Evaluate the integrals:

2

The following graphs was generated using

Mathematica.

exy dx dy '0

20.5648

4cx

'0

exy dy dx

The following graphs was generated using

Mathematica.

951

952

Chapter 15 Multiple Integrals

75. Evaluate the integrals:

The following graphs was generated using

Mathematica.

'1 '0 x1 y dy dx

1
2
4
2
'0 '1 x1 y dx dy
'1 'y x1 y dx dy
2

x#

1
ln 27
4 0.909543

76. Evaluate the integrals:

'1 'y
2

8
3

1
x 2 y 2

dx dy '1

'1

The following graphs was generated using

Mathematica.

1
x 2 y 2

dy dx

0.866649

15.2 AREAS, MOMENTS, AND CENTERS OF MASS

1.

'02 '02cx dy dx '02 (2  x) dx 2x  x2 # 2,

#

2
2cy
2
or '0 '0 dx dy '0 (2  y) dy 2

2.

'02 '2x4 dy dx '02 (4  2x) dx c4x  x# d 02 4,

4
y2
4
or '0 '0 dx dy '0 y# dy 4

'c12 'yccy2 dx dy 'c12 ay#  y
2b dy

#

3.

 y3 
 "3 

y#
#
"
#

2y

"

#

2  83  2  4

9
#

Section 15.2 Areas, Moments, and Centers of Mass

'02 'cyycy

dx dy '0 a2y  y# b dy y# 

4.

4

8
3

#
y$
3 !

4
3

5.

'0ln 2 '0e dy dx '0ln 2 ex dx cex d 0ln 2 2  1 1

6.

'1e 'ln2 xln x dy dx '1e ln x dx cx ln x  xd 1e

(e  e)  (0  1) 1

'01 'y2ycy

dx dy '0 a2y  2y# b dy
y#  23 y$ !

7.

"

"
3

'c11 '2yy cc12 dx dy 'c11 ay#  1  2y#
2b dy

#

8.

'c1 a1  y# b dy y 
1

9.

4
3

'06 'y2y3 dx dy '06 2y  y3 dy y#  y9 '

#

36 

216
9

12

'03 'c2xx cx dy dx '03 a3x  x# b dx
32 x#  "3 x$ $!

#

10.

"
y$
3
"

27
#

9

9
#

953

954
11.

Chapter 15 Multiple Integrals

'014 'sincosx x dy dx
14
'0 (cos x  sin x) dx csin x
cos xd 014

12.

2
#

2
#

 (0
1) 2  1

'c21 'yyb2 dx dy 'c21 ay
2  y# b dy y2

2
4  83  "#  2
3" 5 

13.

2y 

"
#

y$
3 c1

9
#

'c01 'c12x
x dy dx
'02 'c1x
x2 dy dx

'
1 (1
x) dx
'0 1  x# dx
0

x

14.

x#
2 c1

x 

x#
4 0

 1
"#
(2  1)

3
#

'02 'x0c4 dy dx
'04 '0 x dy dx

2
4
'0 a4  x# b dx
'0 x"# dx
#

4x 

x$
3 0

15. (a) average

"
1#

2
1#

"
1#

"
#
1#

'0 '0
1

12

"
1#

 sin x
1#
sin x 1
0

'01 ax  x$ b dx 12 x2

"
4

[( sin 21
sin 1)  ( sin 1
sin 0)] 0

2
1#

2

31
1#  sin #

'01 c cos (x
y)d !1# dx 12 '01
 cos x
1#
cos x dx

#

sin 1   sin

1
#

sin 0

4
1#

'01 xy dy dx '01 xy2 " dx '01 #x dx "4 0.25;

#

average value over the quarter circle

17. average height

32
3

sin (x
y) dy dx

2
1

16. average value over the square '0

16
3

'01 '01 sin (x
y) dy dx 1" '01 c cos (x
y)d 01 dx 1" '01 [ cos (x
1)
cos x] dx

c sin (x
1)
sin xd 0

(b) average

4


23 x$# 0 8  83

"
x4
4 !

1cx

'0 '0

"
#1

0.159. The average value over the square is larger.

xy dy dx

4
1

'01 xy2

1cx

14

"

dx

'02 '02 ax#
y# b dy dx "4 '02 x# y
y3 # dx 4" '02 2x#
38 dx #" x3

$

#
4x
3 !

8
3

Section 15.2 Areas, Moments, and Centers of Mass

'ln2 2ln 2 'ln2 2ln 2

"
(ln 2)#

18. average

' 2 ln 2

"
"
(ln 2)#
x
ln 2
"
ln # (ln 2

19. M '0

2 ln 2

ln ln 2  ln ln 2) 1

and y

5
14

20. M $ '0

Iy $ '0

"
#

ln"# cln xd ln 2

dx
x

'x2cx 3 dy dx 3'01 a2  x#  xb dx 7# ; My '01 'x2cx

ln 2

2 ln 2

ln 2

'ln2 2ln 2 lnxy 2 ln 2 dx

"
(ln 2)#

dy dx

(ln 2
ln ln 2  ln ln 2) dx ln"2 '

3'0 a2x  x$  x# b dx

21. M '0

"
xy

'03

; Mx '0

5
4

'x2cx

3y dy dx

3x dy dx 3 '0 cxyd x2cx dx

1

'01 cy# d x2cx

3
#

dx

3
#

'01 a4  5x#
x% b dx 195

38
35

dy dx $ '0 3 dx 9$ ; Ix $ '0
3

'03 y# dy dx $ '03 y3 3 dx 27$ ; Rx MI 3;

$

'03 x# dy dx $ '03 cx# yd $! dx $ '03 3x# dx 27$ ; Ry MI 3

y

'y4
2ydx dy '02 4  y  y# dy 143 ; My '02 'y4
2y

#

x dx dy

4
y

"
#

'02 cx# d y4
y2 dy

#

'0 16  8y
y#  y4 dy 128
' 'y 2 y dx dy '0 4y  y#  y# dy 103
15 ; Mx 0
2

x
22. M '0

and y

64
35

5
7

'03cx dy dx '03 (3  x) dx 9# ; My '03 '03cx x dy dx '03 cxyd 03cx dx '03 a3x  x# b dx 9#

x 1 and y 1, by symmetry
23. M 2'0

1cx

'0

dy dx 2 '0 1x# dx 2 14
1

'0 a1  x# b dx x 
1

24. M

125$
6

; My $ '0

Mx $ '0

6xcx

'x

a cx

25. M '0 '0

a

xy
26. M '0

"
4

4a
31

"

x$
3 !

'x6xcx

y dy dx

dy dx

1a#
4

2
3

4
31

; Mx 2 '0

1cx

'0

'0

$
#

6xcx

c y# d x

; My

a cx

'0a '0

625$
1#

'0 a35x#  12x$
x% b dx 6256 $

5

$
#

dx

dx

and x 0, by symmetry

1cx

y dy dx '0 cy# d 0

x dy dx $ '0 cxyd x6xcx dx $ '0 a5x#  x$ b dx

5
#

and y 5

a
a
# #
x dy dx '0 cxyd 0 a cx dx '0 xa#  x# dx

a$
3

, by symmetry

'0sin x dy dx '01 sin x dx 2; Mx '01 '0sin x y dy dx "# '01 cy# d 0sin x dx "# '01 sin# x dx

'01 (1  cos 2x) dx 14

4cx

1
#

and y

4cx

27. Ix 'c2 'c4cx# y# dy dx 'c2 y3

dx
c4cx#
I o I x
I y 81
2

28. Iy '1

21

2
3

'c22 a4  x# b$# dx 41; Iy 41, by symmetry;

ex

'b xe
0

lim

1
8

'0 sin x x x# dy dx '121 asin# x  0b dx "# '121 (1  cos 2x) dx 1#

29. M 'c_ '0 dy dx '
_ ex dx

1
#

b _

dx

lim

b _

lim

b _

'b0 ex dx 1 

cxex  ex d b0 1 

eb 1; My '
_ '0 x dy dx '
_ xex dx

b _
0

ex

lim

abeb  eb b 1; Mx 'c_ '0 y dy dx

b _
0

lim

ex

955

956

Chapter 15 Multiple Integrals

30.

0
'c_
e2x dx "#

"
#

_ e
My '0 '0

x# 2

lim

b _

'b0 e2x dx 4"

b_

ycy#

'0b xe
x 2 dx 
#

x dy dx lim

"
4

x 1 and y

lim

b_

ycy#

"
ex# 2

 1 0 1

y
31. M '0 'cy (x
y) dx dy '0 x2
xy
dy '0 y2  2y$
2y# dy 10

cy
2

ycy

ycy

&

Ix '0 'cy y# (x
y) dx dy '0 x 2y
xy$

dy '0 y2  2y&
2y% dy
cy
#

# #

'

y%
#

64
105

#
2y$
3 !

8
15

Ix
Rx M
78 2 72

32

12
4y

32. M 'c32 '4y#

32

5x dx dy 5 '
32 x2
#

12
4y

4y#

dy

'
3322 a12  4y#  16y% b dy 233

5
#

'x2cx (6x
3y
3) dy dx '01
6xy
3# y#
3y x2cx dx '01 a12  12x# b dx 8;

1
2cx
1
1
2cx
My '0 'x x(6x
3y
3) dy dx '0 a12x  12x$ b dx 3; Mx '0 'x y(6x
3y
3) dy dx
1
3
17
'0 a14  6x  6x#  2x$ b dx 17
# x 8 and y 16

33. M '0

34. M '0

'y2ycy (y
1) dx dy '01 a2y  2y$ b dy "# ; Mx '01 'y2ycy

#

My '0

2ycy#

'y

x(y
1) dx dy '0 a2y#  2y% b dy

1

2 '0 ay$  y& b dy

1

4
15

8
15

y(y
1) dx dy '0 a2y#  2y% b dy

1

and y

8
15

; Ix '0

2ycy#

'y

4
15

y# (y
1) dx dy

"
6

35. M '0

'06 (x
y
1) dx dy '01 (6y
24) dy 27; Mx '01 '06 y(x
y
1) dx dy '01 y(6y
24) dy 14;
1
6
1
14
' 1' 6 #
My '0 '0 x(x
y
1) dx dy '0 (18y
90) dy 99 x 11
3 and y 27 ; Iy 0 0 x (x
y
1) dx dy
1
I

M
216 '0 y3
11
4
6 dy 432; Ry
1

36. M 'c1 'x# (y
1) dy dx  'c1 x#
x#  3# dx

1

48
35

; My 'c1 'x# x(y
1) dy dx 'c1 3x

# 
1

'c1 3x2 
1

x'
2

 x% dx

16
35

x&
#

x#

; Mx 'c1 'x# y(y
1) dy dx 'c1 56 

1

 x$ dx 0 x 0 and y

31
15

'c1 7x#
x% dx
1

'

38. M '0

20

My '0

2
3

x%
#

dx

x#

&

13
31

'

x%
2

dx

13
15

; Iy 'c1 '0 x# (7y
1) dy dx

1

21
; Ry My 31

'c1
1

x 1

x
20

'c11 1
20x dy dx '020 2
10x dx 60; Mx '020 'c11 y 1
20x dy dx '020 1
#x0 y# "

20

7
5

; Iy 'c1 'x# x# (y
1) dy dx
1

; Mx 'c1 '0 y(7y
1) dy dx 'c1 7x3

My 'c1 '0 x(7y
1) dy dx 'c1 7x#
x$ dx 0 x 0 and y

1

9
14

x'
3

3
; Ry My 14

37. M 'c1 '0 (7y
1) dy dx 'c1 7x#
x# dx

1

32
15

dy dx '0 2x

20

x#
10

'020 1
20x dx 20; Rx MI 3"

x

dx

2000
3

100
9

and y 0; Ix '0

20

'c1
1

"

y# 1

x
20

dx 0;

dy dx

Section 15.2 Areas, Moments, and Centers of Mass

39. M '0 'cy (y
1) dx dy '0 a2y#
2yb dy
1

5
3

; Mx '0 'cy y(y
1) dx dy 2 ' ay$
y# b dy

0
1

Ix
Rx M

9
10

Io Ix
Iy

3 6
10

; Iy '0 'cy x# (y
1) dx dy
1

40. M '0 'cy a3x#
1b dx dy '0 a2y$
2yb dy

1

5
3

41.

dy dx 10,000 a1  e
# b 'c5

Io
Ro M

Ry My

3 2
10

32
45

16
15

dx
kxk
1 #

11
30

11
Ry My 45
;

10,000 a1  e
# b 'c5

'!

dx
1
x#

dx
1  x#

!
&
10,000 a1  ec2 b
2 ln 1  x#
&
10,000 a1  ec2 b
2 ln 1
x# !
10,000 a1  e
# b
2 ln 1
5#
10,000 a1  e
# b
2 ln 1
5# 40,000 a1  e
# b ln 27 43,329

'01 'y2ycy 100(y
1) dx dy '01 c100(y
1)xd y2ycy

#

42.

200 y2 

"
y%
4 !

a 1cx#

43. M 'c1 '0

1

2a#
#

dy '0 100(y
1) a2y  2y# b dy 200 '0 ay  y$ b dy

1

(200) "4 50

dy dx 2a '0 a1  x# b dx 2a x 
1

'01 a1  2x#
x% b dx a# x  2x3

"
x&
5 !

"
x$
3 !

8a#
15

4a
3

a 1cx#

; Mx 'c1 '0
1

y dy dx

Mx
M

8a
15
4a
3

. The angle ) between the

2a
5

x-axis and the line segment from the fulcrum to the center of mass on the y-axis plus 45 must be no more than
5
1
90 if the center of mass is to lie on the left side of the line x 1 )
14 1# tan
" 2a
5 4 a # .
Thus, if 0 a
44. f(a) Ia '0

5
#

, then the appliance will have to be tipped more than 45 to fall over.

'02 (y  a)# dy dx '04 (2
3a)

a$
3

dx

4
3

c(2  a)$
a$ d ; thus f w (a) 0 4(2  a)#
4a#

0 a#  (2  a)# 0 4
4a 0 a 1. Since f w w (a) 8(2  a)
8a 16

0, a 1 gives a
minimum value of Ia .
45. M '0

'0

'c1111

xx

2x
1
x #

#
#

dy dx '0

dx 2 a1 

L2

46. (a) I 'cL2 $ x# dx

(b) I '0 $ x# dx
L

47. (a)

"
#

M '0

$ L$
12

$ L$
3

'y2ycy

2
1
x #

"
dx c2 sin
" xd ! 2 1#  0 1; My '0

"# "
x# b
!

2 x
$

L
R $12

R $L3

"
$L

"
$L

2
1

'
1111

xx

#
#

x dy dx

and y 0 by symmetry

L
2 3

L
3

$ dx dy 2$ '0 ay  y# b dy 2$ y2 
1

; Ix '0 'cy y# a3x#
1b dx dy '0 a2y&
2y$ b dy

y

2
5
5

'c55 'c02 10,000e

x
#

6
5

k k

; Iy '0 'cy x# a3x#
1b dx dy 2 '0 35 y&
3" y$ dy

Io Ix
Iy

1

; Ix '0 'cy y# (y
1) dx dy '0 a2y%
2y$ b dy

'01 a2y%
2y$ b dy 103

Ix
Rx M

; Mx '0 'cy y a3x#
1b dx dy '0 a2y%
2y# b dy

3
#

My '0 'cy x a3x#
1b dx dy 0 x 0 and y

1

"
3

7
10

7
6

3 2
5

Io
R! M

6
5

My '0 'cy x(y
1) dx dy '0 0 dy 0 x 0 and y

957

"
y$
3 !

2$ "6

$
3

3
#

5
6

958

Chapter 15 Multiple Integrals

#

(b) average value

'01 'y2y# y

(yb1) dx dy

2yy#

'0 'y#
1

"#

dx dy

"3

3
#

$ , so the values are the same

48. Let (xi yi ) be the location of the weather station in county i for i 1 254. The average temperature
254

! T(xi yi ) ?i A

in Texas at time t! is approximately

i1

, where T(xi yi ) is the temperature at time t! at the

weather station in county i, ?i A is the area of county i, and A is the area of Texas.
49. (a) x

My
M

0 My ' ' x$ (x y) dy dx 0
R

(b) IL ' ' (x
h)# $ (x y) dA ' ' x# $ (x y) dA
' ' 2hx $ (x y) dA  ' ' h# $ (x y) dA
R

Iy
0  h#

' ' $ (x y) dA Ic m  mh#

50. (a) Ic m IL
mh# Ix5/7 Iy
mh#

(b) Ix

Ix

5 7

 mh#

23
35

 14 27

9
5

14 75

39
5

; Iy

R#

thus c x i  y j

"
m"
m#

"
m"
m#

Mx"
Mx#
m"
m#

caMx"  Mx# b i  aMy"  My# b jd

cm" ax" i  y" jb  m# ax# i  y# jbd

; Iy

1114

Iy1114  mh#

51. Mxp"p# ' ' y dA"  ' ' y dA# Mx"  Mx# x
R"

23
35

m" c"
m# c#
m"
m#

47
14

11
Ix
mh# 12
14 14

24
 14 17
14

; likewise, y

"
m"
m#

47
14

My"
My#
m"
m#

cam" x"  m# x# b i  am" y"  m# y# b jd

52. From Exercise 51 we have that Pappus's formula is true for n 2. Assume that Pappus's formula is true for
k1

n k
1, i.e., that c(k
1)

! mi ci
i1
k1

! mi

. The first moment about x of k nonoverlapping plates is

i1

kc1

i1

Mxck1
Mxk

' ' y dAi   ' ' y dAk Mxc k 1  Mxk x

Ri

Rk

thus c(k) x i  y j

k1

"
k

! mi

! mi ;
mk

; similarly, y

i1

Mxck1  Mxk i  Myck1  Myk j

i 1

"
k

! mi

kc1

kc1

i1

i1

! mi  xc  mk xk  i  ! mi  yc  mk yk  j

i 1

k1

"
k

! mi
i1

! mi  axc i  yc jb  mk axk i  yk jb

(b) c
(c) c
(d) c
54. c

! mi ; c(k1)
mk ck

i1

k1

! mi

i1

m" c"
m# c#

mk1 ck1
mk ck

m"
m#

mk1
mk

53. (a) c

kc1

i1

, and by mathematical induction the statement follows.

8(i
3j)
2(3i
3.5 j)

31j
14i 10
x 75 and y 31
8
2
10
8(i
3j)
6(5i
2 j)
38i
36j
19
18

and
y

14
14
7
7
2(3i
3.5j)
6(5i
2 j)
36i
19j
9
19

and
y

8
8
2
8
8(i
3j)
2(3i
3.5 j)
6(5i
2j)
44i
43j
11
16 x 4 and
16

15 34 i
7j
48(12i
j)
15(3i
28j4)
6348(48i
4j)
15
48
17
x 261
#8 and y 7

2349 i
612 j
463

43
16

261 i
68j
47

Myck1
Myk
k1

! mi ;
mk

i1

Section 15.3 Double Integrals in Polar Form

55. Place the midpoint of the triangle's base at the origin and above the semicircle. Then the center of
4a
mass of the triangle is 0 h3 , and the center of mass of the disk is 0
31
from Exercise 25. From
#

Pappus's formula, c

(ah) h3 j
12a  34a1 j

ah
1#a

# 2a$
j
3
1
a#
ah
#

ah

, so the centroid is on the boundary

if ah#
2a$ 0 h# 2a# h a2 . In order for the center of mass to be inside T we must have
ah#
2a$  0 or h  a2.
56. Place the midpoint of the triangle's base at the origin and above the square. From Pappus's formula,
c

h
#
sh
# 3 j
s c

sh
#

s
2

, so the centroid is on the boundary if

s#

sh#
6

s$
#

0 h#
3s# 0 h s3.

15.3 DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR FORM

1cx

1.

'c11 '0

2.

'c11 'c11ccxx dy dx '021 '01 r dr d) "# '021 d) 1

3.

'01 '0

4.

'c11 'c11ccyy ax#  y# b dx dy '021 '01 r$ dr d) "4 '021 d) 1#

5.

'caa 'caa ccxx dy dx '021 '0a r dr d) a2 '021 d) 1a#

6.

'02 '0

7.

'06 '0yx dx dy '1142 '06 csc ) r# cos ) dr d) 72 '1142 cot ) csc# ) d)
36 ccot# )d 1142 36

8.

'02 '0x y dy dx '014 '02 sec ) r# sin ) dr d) 83 '014 tan ) sec# ) d) 43

9.

'c01 'c01 c x 1
2x
y

dy dx '0

'01 r dr d) "# '01 d) 1#

1cy

12

ax#  y# b dx dy '0

'01

r$ dr d)

"
4

'012

d)

1
8

4cy

12

ax#  y# b dx dy '0

'02 r$ dr d) 4 '012 d) 21

312

dy dx '1

'01 1 2r
r dr d) 2 '1312 '01 1
1
" r dr d) 2 '1312 (1
ln 2) d)

(1
ln 2)1
10.

'c11 'c01 c y

4 x #
y #
1
x #
y #

41
1

(ln 2) c y

11.

'0ln 2 '0

12.

'01 '0

13.

'02 '0

1 c x

b y#

12

12

sin 2)
2

x
y
x#
y#

'01

dx dy '0

e
x y dy dx '0

1 c (x c 1)

) 

ex

312

dx dy '12

12

 sin# ) 0

1
2
#

'0ln 2

'01 rer

12

dy dx '0

4r#
1
r#

'02 cos )

1
#

312

dr d) 4 '12

12

rer dr d) '0 (2 ln 2
1) d)
dr d)
"#

r(cos )
sin ))
r#

1

'01 1
1
" r dr d) 4 '13122 1
14 d)

1
#

(2 ln 2
1)

'012 "e
1 d) 1(e4e 1)

12

r dr d) '0 a2 cos# )  2 sin ) cos )b d)

959

960

Chapter 15 Multiple Integrals

14.

'02 '
01
(y
1)

15.

'c11 'c11ccyy

16.

'c11 'c11ccxx

17.

'012 '02

xy# dx dy

'112 '02 sin ) sin# ) cos ) r% dr d) 325 '112 sin( ) cos ) d) 45 csin) )d 112
45
12

ln ax#  y#  1b dx dy 4 '0

#
#

12

dy dx 4 '0

2
a1
x #
y # b #

2
sin 2)

12

r dr d) 2 '0

'01

12

'01

ln ar#  1b r dr d) 2'0

2r
a1
r# b#

12

dr d) 4'0

'11  cos )

19. A 2 '0

'012 cos 3) r dr d) 144 '016 cos# 3) d) 121

16

12


1
" r# " d) 2 '

!
0

r dr d) '0 a2 cos )  cos# )b d)

12

8
1
4

20. A '0

'04)3 r dr d) 89 '021 )# d) 64271

21. A '0

'01  sin ) r dr d) 12 '012 3#  2 sin )
cos#2) d) 381  1

21

12

22. A 4 '0

12

23. Mx '0

'01
cos )

12

r dr d) 2 '0 3#
2 cos ) 

a c x
#

a c x

21

Io 'ca 'ca# c x# k ax#  y# b dy dx k '0

#

25. M 2 '16

12

26. Io '12

312

d)

31
2

4

21

'0a

r& sin# ) dr d)

ka'
6

2)
'021 1  cos
d) ka6 1 ;
#
'

'0a r& dr d) ka6 '021 d) ka3 1

'

'

'36 sin ) dr d) 2 '1162 (6 sin )
3) d) 6 c
2 cos )
)d 1162 63
21

'11
cos ) r dr d) "# '13122 acos# )
2 cos )b d) "#  sin42)  #)
2 sin ) 13122 2  14

27. M 2 '0

'01 b cos ) r dr d) '01 (1  cos ))# d) 31# ; My 2'01 '01 b cos ) r# cos ) dr d)

)
2 '0 4 cos

3
1

21

cos 2)
#

'01ccos ) 3r# sin ) dr d) '01 (1
cos ))$ sin ) d) 4

24. Ix 'ca 'ca# c x# y# ck ax#  y# bd dy dx k '0

28. Io '0

d) 1

(2
sin 2)) d) 2(1
1)

18. A 2 '0

12

(ln 4
1) d) 1(ln 4
1)

15
24

 cos 2)
sin# ) cos ) 

cos 4)
4

d)

51
4

5
6

and y 0, by symmetry

'01 b cos ) r$ dr d) "4 '021 (1  cos ))% d) 351

16

29. average

4
1 a#

'012 '0a ra#
r# dr d) 314a '012 a$ d) 2a3

30. average

4
1 a#

'012 '0a r# dr d) 314a '012 a$ d) 2a3

31. average

"
1 a#

'caa 'caa ccxx

#
#

x#  y# dy dx

"
1 a#

'021 '0a r# dr d) 3a1 '021 d) 2a3

Section 15.3 Double Integrals in Polar Form

"
1

' ' c(1
x)#  y# d dy dx 1" ' ' c(1
r cos ))#  r# sin# )d r dr d)
0
0
21

"
1

32. average

'0 '0 ar
21

2r# cos )  rb dr d)

lnrr r dr d) '0

'021 34
2 cos3 ) d) 1"  34 )
2 sin3 ) 021 #3

"
1

33.

'021 '1

34.

'021 '1e lnrr dr d) '021 '1e 2 lnr r dr d) '021 c(ln r)# d 1e d) '021 d) 21

2 ln r dr d) 2'0 cr ln r
rd1e d) 2'0 e  "#
1  1 d) 212
e

21

21

"#

35. V 2 '0

12

2
3

'11cos ) r# cos ) dr d) 23 '012 a3 cos# )  3 cos$ )  cos% )b d)

 "85)  sin 2)  3 sin )
sin$ ) 

36. V 4 '0
21 2
3

2 cos 2)

14

'0

32
3

37. (a) I# '0

'0_ '0_

51
8

'014 (2
2 cos 2))$#
2$# d)

lim

b_

"
a1
x #
y # b #

1

dt

eb
1 d)

'0_ et

2
1

dx dy '0

12

"
1
b#

3
4

'0_

"
#

'012 d) 14

dt 21
r
a1
r# b#

21

Over the disk x#  y# 1:

''
R

"
1  x#  y#

dA '0

''

lim

x#  y# 1

21

'0b rer

lim

b_

dr d)

1
#

1, from part (a)

1
# b lim
_

1
4

R
a 1c

1
#

dr d)

'0
"# ln 4" d) (ln 2) '0 d) 1 ln 4

21

'0_ ec ax b y b dx dy '012 '0_ er r dr d) '012

39. Over the disk x#  y#

'0

4
3

t#

1
4 b lim
_

r2
r# dr d)
43

'0x 2e1

(b) x lim
_

sin 4) 12
32
0

'014 a1
cos# )b sin ) d) 2132
323 cos3 )
cos ) 14 612
409 2  64

'012

"#

38.

21

'1

32

'0

'0b

r
a1
r# b#

dr

1
4 b lim
_


1
" r# b
0

32

dr d) '0 
2" ln a1
r# b 0
21

r
1  r#

21

"
1  x#  y#

dA '0

21

'01 1 r r

dr d) '0 lim c
a1
21

'0a 1 r r

dr d)


"# ln a1
a# b d) 21 lim c 
"# ln a1
a# b 21 _, so the integral does not exist over

a1

40. The area in polar coordinates is given by A '! '0 r dr d) '! r2

"

f)

"

f)
0

d)

"
#

'

"

f # ()) d) '!

"

where r f())

'021 '0a c(r cos )
h)#  r# sin# )d r dr d) 1"a '021 '0a ar$
2r# h cos )  rh# b dr d)
'021 a4
2a h3cos )  a #h d) 1" '021 a4
2ah 3cos )  h# d) 1" a4)
2ah 3sin )  h#) 21

41. average

"
1 a#

"
#

d)

"
1 a#

aa#  2h# b

# #

" #
# r

d) ,

961

962

Chapter 15 Multiple Integrals

42. (a) A '14

314

'csc2 sin) ) r dr d) "# '13144 a4 sin# )
csc# )b d)

c2)
sin 2)  cot )d 13144 1#

4 1
#
(b) V 21yA 21 313

1
# 1 

"
#

41
3

44-46. Example CAS commands:

Maple:
f := (x,y) -> y/(x^2+y^2);
a,b := 0,1;
f1 := x -> x;
f2 := x -> 1;
plot3d( f(x,y), y=f1(x)..f2(x), x=a..b, axes=boxed, style=patchnogrid, shading=zhue, orientation=[0,180], title="#43(a)
(Section 15.3)" );
# (a)
q1 := eval( x=a, [x=r*cos(theta),y=r*sin(theta)] );
# (b)
q2 := eval( x=b, [x=r*cos(theta),y=r*sin(theta)] );
q3 := eval( y=f1(x), [x=r*cos(theta),y=r*sin(theta)] );
q4 := eval( y=f2(x), [x=r*cos(theta),y=r*sin(theta)] );
theta1 := solve( q3, theta );
theta2 := solve( q1, theta );
r1 := 0;
r2 := solve( q4, r );
plot3d(0,r=r1..r2, theta=theta1..theta2, axes=boxed, style=patchnogrid, shading=zhue, orientation=[-90,0],
title="#43(c) (Section 15.3)" );
fP := simplify(eval( f(x,y), [x=r*cos(theta),y=r*sin(theta)] ));
# (d)
q5 := Int( Int( fP*r, r=r1..r2 ), theta=theta1..theta2 );
value( q5 );
Mathematica: (functions and bounds will vary)
For 43 and 44, begin by drawing the region of integration with the FilledPlot command.
Clear[x, y, r, t]
<<Graphics`FilledPlot`
FilledPlot[{x, 1}, {x, 0, 1}, AspectRatio 1, AxesLabel {x,y}];
The picture demonstrates that r goes from 0 to the line y=1 or r = 1/ Sin[t], while t goes from 1/4 to 1/2.
f:= y / (x2  y2 )
topolar={x r Cos[t], y r Sin[t]};
fp= f/.topolar //Simplify
Integrate[r fp, {t, 1/4, 1/2}, {r, 0, 1/Sin[t]}]
For 45 and 46, drawing the region of integration with the ImplicitPlot command.
Clear[x, y]
<<Graphics`ImplicitPlot`
ImplicitPlot[{x==y, x==2
y, y==0, y==1}, {x, 0, 2.1}, {y, 0, 1.1}];
The picture shows that as t goes from 0 to 1/4, r goes from 0 to the line x=2
y. Solve will find the bound for r.
bdr=Solve[r Cos[t]==2
r Sin[t], r]//Simplify
f:=Sqrt[x  y]
topolar={x r Cos[t], y r Sin[t]};
fp= f/.topolar //Simplify
Integrate[r fp, {t, 0, 1/4}, {r, 0, bdr[[1, 1, 2]]}]

Section 15.4 Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates

15.4 TRIPLE INTEGRALS IN RECTANGULAR COORDINATES
1.

'01 '01cx 'x1bz Fax, y, zb dy dz dx

'0 a1
xb
xa1
xb

1

2.

3.

4.

'01cx 'x1bz

dx '0

a1  x b 2
2

dy dz dx '0

a1  x b 2
dx
2

'01cx a1
x
zb dz dx
"

a1 6 xb
0

1
6

'01 '02 '03 dz dy dx '01 '02 3 dy dx '01 6 dx 6, '02 '01 '03 dz dx dy, '03 '02 '01 dx dy dz, '02 '03 '01 dx dz dy,
'03 '01 '02 dy dx dz, '01 '03 '02 dy dz dx
'01 '02c2x '03c3xc3y2 dz dy dx
1
2
2x
'0 '0 3
3x
32 y dy dx
1
'0 3(1
x) 2(1
x)
34 4(1
x)# dx
1
"
3 '0 (1
x)# dx c
(1
x)$ d ! 1,
'02 '01cy2 '03
3x
3y2 dz dx dy, '01 '03
3x '02
2x
2z3 dy dz dx,
'03 '01
z3 '02
2x
2z3 dy dx dz, '02 '03
3y2 '01
y2
z3 dx dz dy,
'03 '02
2z3 '01
y2
z3 dx dy dz
4
x

'02 '03 '0

2

dz dy dx '0

4cx

'0 '0 '0

3

5.

'0

dz dx dy, '0

'03 4
x# dy dx '02 34
x# dx 3# x4
x#  4 sin" x# 2 6 sin" 1 31,

4cx

'0

4cx

'c22 'c44ccxx 'x8bcyx cy dz dy dx 4 '02 '0

#

4'0

8 '0

'0

8'0

4cx

4cx

'0

12

'x8bcyx cy
#

4cz

'0 dy dx dz, '0 '0 '0

3

dx dy dz, '0

4cz

'02 '0

dx dz dy

dz dy dx

c8
2 ax#  y# bd dy dx
#

a4
x#
y# b dy dx

'02 a4
r# b r dr d) 8 '012 2r#
r4 # d)

%

32 '0 d) 32 1# 161,
12

4cz

'0 dy dz dx, '0 '0

3

'c22 'c44ccyy 'x8bcyx cy dz dx dy,

#

'c2 'y 'czzccyy dx dz dy  'c22 '48cy 'c88cczzccyy dx dz dy,

'04 'czz 'czzccyy dx dy dz  '48 'c88cczz 'c88cczzccyy dx dy dz,

'04 'czz 'czzccxx dy dx dz  '48 'c88cczz 'c88cczzccxx dy dx dz
2

4
#

'c22 'x4 'czzccxx

#

#
#

8cx#

dy dz dx  'c2 '4
2

'c88cczzccxx

#
#

dy dz dx,

963

964

Chapter 15 Multiple Integrals

6. The projection of D onto the xy-plane has the boundary

x#  y# 2y x#  (y
1)# 1, which is a circle.
Therefore the two integrals are:

'02 'c2y2yccyy 'x2yby

'c11 '11cb11ccxx 'x2yby dz dy dx

dz dx dy and
#

7.

'01 '01 '01 ax#  y#  z# b dz dy dx '01 '01

8.

'0 2 '03y'x8bc3yx cy dz dx dy '0 2 '03ya8
2x#
4y# b dx dy '0

'0 a24y
18y$
12y$ b dy 12y#

9.

x#  y#  "3 dy dx ' x#  23 dx 1

"5
2

8x
23 x$
4xy# 3y dy
0

y% 0 24
30
6

'1e '1e '1e xyz" dx dy dz '1e '1e lnyzx e dy dz '1e '1e yz" dy dz '1e lnzy e dz '1e "z dz 1
1

10.

'01 '03c3x '03c3xcy

"

11.

12.

'01 '01 '01

'03c3x (3
3x
y) dy dx '01 (3
3x)#
"# (3
3x)# dx 9# '01 (1
x)# dx

dz dy dx '0

3# c(1
x)$ d !

3
#

y sin z dx dy dz '0

'01 1y sin z dy dz 1# '01 sin z dz 1#

$

(1
cos 1)

'c11 'c11 'c11 (x  y  z) dy dx dz 'c11 'c11 xy  2" y#  zy "" dx dz 'c11 'c11 (2x  2z) dx dz 'c11 cx#  2zxd "" dz
1
'c1 4z dz 0
9 c x

9 c x

'03 '0

14.

'02 'c44ccyy '02xby dz dx dy '02 'c44ccyy (2x  y) dx dy '02 cx#  xyd

c 4cy

'0

9
x# dy dx ' a9
x# b dx 9x

0
3

4cy

$# #

2
3

(4)$#

$
x$
3 !

18

dy '0 a4
y# b
2

"#

(2y) dy

16
3

'01 '02cx '02cxcydz dy dx '01 '02cx (2
x
y) dy dx '01 (2
x)#
"# (2
x)# dx "# '01 (2
x)# dx
"

8
6

7
6

'01 '01cx '34cx cyx dz dy dx '01 '01cx

#

$ "

"

12
a1
x# b
!

17.


"6 (2
x)$ !
"6 

16.

'0

23 a4
y# b
15.

dz dy dx '0

9 c x

13.

x a1
x#
yb dy dx '0 x a1
x# b
"# a1
x# b dx '0

1

"
12

'01 '01 '01 cos (u  v  w) du dv dw '01 '01 [sin (w  v  1)
sin (w  v)] dv dw

1
'0 [(
cos (w  21)  cos (w  1))  (cos (w  1)
cos w)] dw

"
#

x a1
x# b dx

Section 15.4 Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates

c
sin (w  21)  sin (w  1)
sin w  sin (w  1)d 1! 0
18.

'1e '1e '1e ln r ln s ln t dt dr ds '1e '1e (ln r ln s) ct ln t
td 1e dr ds '1e (ln s) cr ln r
rd 1e ds cs ln s
sd 1e 1

19.

14
2t
ln sec v
'014 '0ln sec v '
_
ex dx dt dv '0 '0

'0

14

20.

#
sec# v

4cq

'07 '02 '0

8 ln 8
3

"
#

dv

 tan2 v

dp dq dr '0

q
r
1

14

b
_

v 1%
2 !

'02 qr4
1 q

"
#

dq dr '0

$# #

dr
!

8
3

'07 r
"1 dr

(b)

dx dz dy

(e)

'01 'cyy '01cydz dx dy

(b)

'01 '01 'cc1

'01 '01 'cc1

'01 'c11cczz 'x1cz dy dx dz

'c01 '0y '01

dy dz dx

'c01 '01 '0y

(d)

a4
q# b

'c11 '01cx 'x1cz dy dz dx

'01 '01cy'cyy

22. (a)

"
3(r
1)

8 ln 2

(d)

'0ln sec v e2t dt dv '014 "# e2 ln sec v
"# dv

1
8

21. (a)

ae2t
eb b dt dv '0

lim

dx dz dy

(e)

23. V '0 'c1 '0 dz dy dx '0 'c1 y# dy dx

1

y#

dy dx dz

2
3

(c)

'01 '01cz 'cyy

(c)

'01 'cc1 z '01

dx dy dz

dx dy dz

dz dx dy

'01 dx 23

24. V '0

'01cx '02c2z dy dz dx '01 '01cx (2
2z) dz dx '01 c2z
z# d 01cx dx '01 a1
x# b dx x
x3 " 32

25. V '0

'0

4cx

4cx

'02cy dz dy dx '04 '0

%


43 (4
x)$#  "4 (4
x)# !

26. V 2 '0 'c1cx#
1

27. V '0

4
3

(2
y) dy dx '0 24
x
4#x dx
4

(4)$#
4" (16)

'0cy dz dy dx
2 '01 'c01cx

32
3

4

20
3

y dy dx '0 a1
x# b dx
1

2
3

'02c2x '03c3xc3y2 dz dy dx '01 '02
2x 3
3x
3# y dy dx '01 6(1
x)#
34 4(1
x)# dx

'0 3(1
x)# dx c
(1
x)$ d ! 1

1

"

'01cx '0cos 1x2 dz dy dx '01 '01
x cos 1#x dy dx '01 cos 1#x (1
x) dx
12
1
1
"
'0 cos 1#x dx
'0 x cos 1#x dx  12 sin 1#x !
14 '0 u cos u du 12
14

28. V '0

2
1

4
1#

29. V 8 '0

30. V '0

"
#

1#
1

1cx

'0

ccos u  u sin ud 012

4
1#

1cx

'0

dz dy dx 8 '0

1cx

'0

1
x# dy dx 8 ' a1
x# b dx
0
1

16
3

'04cx '04cx cydz dy dx '02 '04cx a4
x#
yb dy dx '02 a4
x# b#
"# a4
x# b# dx

#

'02 a4
x# b# dx '02 8
4x#  x# dx 128

15
%

965

966

Chapter 15 Multiple Integrals

31. V '0

16cy 2

'0

16
y 2

'04
ydx dz dy '04 '0

'0 216
y# dy

4

"
#

'0

4cx

3cx

(4
y) dz dy '0

16y#
#

4cx

dz dy dx 'c2 'c4cx# (3
x) dy dx 2 'c2 (3
x)4
x# dx

2

%
!

32
3
#

3 'c2 24
x# dx
2 'c2 x4
x# dx 3 x4
x#  4 sin" x2

2

12 sin" 1
12 sin" (
1) 12 1#
12
1# 121

33.

(4
y) dy

$#
y16
y# dy y16
y#  16 sin" y4 !  6" a16
y# b

16 1#
"6 (16)$# 81

32. V 'c2 'c4cx# '0

#

 23 a4
x# b

$# #

#

'02 '02cx '24
cx2x
cy2y2 dz dy dx '02 '02cx 3
3x#
3y# dy dx

'0 3 1
x# (2
x)
34 (2
x)# dx
2

'0 6
6x 
2

6x
3x# 

34. V '0

3x#
#

x$
2

3(2x)#

#
(2x)$
4 !

dx

(12
12  4  0)

2$
4

'z8 'z8cz dx dy dz '04 'z8 (8
2z) dy dz '04 (8
2z)()
z) dz '04 a64
24z  2z# b dz
%

64z
12z#  23 z$ !

4cx 2

35. V 2 'c2 '0

2

'0x2

320
3

4
x 2

dz dy dx 2 'c2 '0
2

(x  2) dy dx 'c2 (x  2)4
x# dx
2

$#
'c2 24
x# dx  'c2 x4
x# dx x4
x#  4 sin" x# 
3" a4
x# b
#
#
4 1#
4
1# 41
2

36. V 2 '0

'01cy '0x by dz dx dy 2 '01 '01cy ax#  y# b dx dy 2'01 x3

#

 xy#

1cy#

2
3

y

"
y(
7 !

23 67

dy

2 '0 a1
y# b "3 a1
y# b  y# dy 2 '0 a1
y# b 3"  3" y#  3" y% dy

2
3

'01 a1
y' b dy

4
7

37. average

"
8

'02 '02 '02

38. average

"
2

'01 '01 '02 (x  y
z) dz dy dx 2" '01 '01 (2x  2y
2) dy dx 2" '01 (2x
1) dx 0

39. average '0

40. average
41.

'04 '01 '2y2

(sin

"
8

ax#  9b dz dy dx

"
8

'02 '02

a2x#  18b dy dx

"
8

'02 a4x#  36b dx 313

'01 '01 ax#  y#  z# b dz dy dx '01 '01 x#  y#  "3 dy dx '01 x#  23 dx 1

'02 '02 '02

xyz dz dy dx

4 cos ax# b
dx dy dz
2 z
%
4)z"# ! 2 sin 4

"
4

'02 '02

xy dy dx

"
2

'02 x dx 1

4
2
ax b
'04 '02 '0x2 4 cos
dy dx dz '0 '0
2 z
#

x cos ax# b
z

dx dz '0 sin# 4 z"# dz

4

Section 15.4 Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates

42.

'01 '01 'x1 12xz ezy

#

dy dx dz '0

'01 '0y

12xz ezy dx dy dz '0

'01 6yz ezy

dy dz '0 3ezy dz
1

'01 '1z '0ln 3

$

1e2x sin a1y# b

y#

dx dy dz '0 '$ z
1

41 sin a1y# b
y#

dy dz '0

'0y

41 sin a1y# b
y#

"
!

1
3'0 aez
zb dz 3 cez
1d "! 3e
6

43.

967

dz dy

'0 41y sin a1y# b dy c
2 cos a1y# bd !
2(
1)  2(1) 4

1

"

2z
'02 '04cx '0x sin
' 2 ' 4cx
4  z dy dz dx 0 0
#

44.


"4 cos 2z ! 
4" 

x sin 2z
4z
%

sin# z !

dz dx '0

4cz

'0

2z
2z "
' sin
sin
4  z x dx dz
4  z # (4
z) dz
4

sin# 4
#

'01 '04cacx 'a4cx cydz dy dx 154 '01 '04cacx a4
x#
y
ab dy dx 154

1
1
1
#
#
#
4
4
'0 a4
a
x# b
"# a4
a
x# b dx 15
"# '0 a4
a
x# b dx 15
'0 c(4
a)#
2x# (4
a)  x% d dx
#

45.

"
#

8
15

(4
a)# x
23 x$ (4
a) 

"
x&
5 !

8
15

(4
a)#
32 (4
a) 

"
5

8
15

15(4
a)#
10(4
a)
5 0

3(4
a)#
2(4
a)
1 0 [3(4
a)  1][(4
a)
1] 0 4
a
"3 or 4
a 1 a

46. The volume of the ellipsoid

x#
a#

y#
b#

z#
c#

1 is

4abc1
3

so that

4(1)(2)(c)1
3

13
3

or a 3

81 c 3.

47. To minimize the integral, we want the domain to include all points where the integrand is negative and to
exclude all points where it is positive. These criteria are met by the points (x y z) such that
4x#  4y#  z#
4 0 or 4x#  4y#  z# 4, which is a solid ellipsoid centered at the origin.
48. To maximize the integral, we want the domain to include all points where the integrand is positive and to
exclude all points where it is negative. These criteria are met by the points (x y z) such that
1
x#
y#
z# 0 or x#  y#  z# 1, which is a solid sphere of radius 1 centered at the origin.
49-52. Example CAS commands:
Maple:
F := (x,y,z) -> x^2*y^2*z;
q1 := Int( Int( Int( F(x,y,z), y=-sqrt(1-x^2)..sqrt(1-x^2) ), x=-1..1 ), z=0..1 );
value( q1 );
Mathematica: (functions and bounds will vary)
Due to the nature of the bounds, cylindrical coordinates are appropriate, although Mathematica can do it as is also.
Clear[f, x, y, z];
f:= x2 y2 z
Integrate[f, {x,
1,1}, {y,
Sqrt[1
x2 ], Sqrt[1
x2 ]}, {z, 0, 1}]
N[%]
topolar={x r Cos[t], y r Sin[t]};
fp= f/.topolar //Simplify
Integrate[r fp, {t, 0, 21}, {r, 0, 1},{z, 0, 1}]
N[%]