CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

Method is a systematic work to analyze an object research in accordance with the

approach the writer uses. This chapter consists of research design, research subject,
research procedures, research instruments and the data analysis.Hatch and Farhadi (1982)
state that research is a systematic approach to find answer to a question. (Hornby, 2003:2)
State that the research is a careful study or investigation in order to discover new fact or
information about something.

3.1. Research Design

Research design is one of the activities the writer takes into account before
starting to write the research. The objective of conducting this research is in order to
collect data require dealing with the problem encounter.This study deals with
thecorrelation between Students Knowledge of English sentence patterns and the reading
comprehension ability at SMA N 1 Kupang Barat in Academic Year 2014/2015. The
research design uses in this study is descriptive quantitative method to analyze
correlation of two variables in syntactic analysis. The purpose of using this method is to
look for the Correlation of the two variables that is Sentence Patterns and Reading
Comprehension.

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3.2. Research Subject

3.2.1. Population
Moore in Ngongo (2009:33) defines population as a complete set of individual or
subject having some common observable characteristics. Considering the definition
above, the writer select First Grade of Social Science Program at SMA N 1 Kupang
Baratin Academic Year 2014/2015. There are six classes of first grade students: social1
consist of 20 students, social 2 consist of 20 students, social 3 consist of 20 students,
social 4 consist of 25 students, social 5 consist of 20 students and social 6 consist of 30
students, so total population of first grade is 135 students.

3.2.2. Sample
Sample is a small population or a population select for observation and analysis (Bests,
2009) in Ngongo. Nunan (1992:232) said that sample is a subset of individuals or cases
within a population. Base on the definition above, the writer used quota samplingsuggest by
Kish, (1965: 36). Quota sampling apply which is take 30 students to doing a research, so the
writer 30 students from one Class of First Grade of Social Program in Academic Year
2014/2015 at SMA N 1 Kupang Barat that is (X IPS 6). The writer had taken them as a
sample in doing this research.

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3.3 Research Instrument

The instrument uses in this study is test.Ngongo. (2009:86) a test is a set of stimuli
present to individual to elicit responses on the basis of which a numerical score can be
assign. There are two types of test. According to Mandaru(1999:35) subjective and objective
test are uses to refer the scoring of the test is a procedure uses to collect data on subjects
ability are knowledge of certain discipline. The test used in this research is multiple choice
for both of the two variables, the writer prepare ten (10) number multiple choice for both of
the testthat is reading comprehension test and sentence patterns. The question is in both of
the text are developed based on a reading passage. The writer then askedstudents to choose
the correct option. Since the students are asked to do the test for twice that is reading
comprehension test for the first time and sentence patterns test for the second time.
3.4.

Research Procedure

In applying a procedure of research, the writer gives a series of activity. Those activities are
as follows:
1. The writer Chooses30 studentsof first Grade of Social Program by using quota sampling
(X social 6).
2. The writer preparingtext of reading comprehension test and sentence patterns test.
3. The writer distributesthe intermediate text for reading comprehension and sentence
patterns.
4. The writer can test the students.
5. The writer scoringthe students.
6. The writer analyzingthe gained data/result by using Pearson Product Formula.

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3.5.

Procedure of Data Analysis

The research can meaningless without data analysis because the research will not achieve
aim of the study (Ngongo (2009: 95). From the statement above, the writer uses descriptive
quantitative method to analyze the gained data. In order to get the research, there is a formula
suggest by Pearson (1995:128) in analyzing the data.
The technique which is obviously statistical technique used to analyze the obtain data in
this research in analyzing correlation which aim to reveal or see correlation between the two
variables. The formula is applying to find out the coefficient correlation as the third formula
of Pearsons moment product. To analyze the data the writer use the formula suggested by
Pearson Product Moment Correlation Formula as follow:
Rxy=

Where:

Rxy
x

n xy x . y
n x 2( x ) 2 n y 2( y) 2
= index correlational of variable x and y

= total of variable X

y =total of variable Y
x2 = total of variable x that have been squared.
y2= total of variable y that have been squared
xy = multiplied number of variable x and y
(x)2

= is got by squared the total of x

(y)2 = is got by squared the total of y

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1. Whether there is any correlation: it is point out of the number after coma (,). If the
number is less until four number after commas (,) (example 0,0002). thus it can be

considered that the number of variable x (score of sentence patterns) and Y (score of
reading comprehension)
2. The way correlation: is the way to show sequence among the number of variable X (score
of sentence patterns) and variable Y (score of reading comprehension).
The extent of correlation is measuredby figure between 1.00.Perfect positive correlation
would result in a score of 1.000, perfect negative correlation would result in a score of000.1
3. The degree of correlation: it is about the number that show strong weak correlation,
more /less sequence of correlation among sentence patterns knowledge and their
achievement to reading comprehension ability

The first step is to find out the students score in sentence patterns and reading
comprehension using table of scores, the table has three columns, they are:
X

=the students ability in sentence patterns

Y =the students ability in reading comprehension

N

=sample of student.
The second step is to find out the linear correlation coefficient between x and y variables

and finally is to find out the correlation coefficient between sentence patterns and reading
comprehension using the formula of Pearson product moment correlation.

26
Based on the great correlation, the writer would like to classify the extent of correlation
coefficient of different levels of significance by using the table as suggest by Gay. (1987:412)
as follows:

No of subjects

Value of coefficient Interpretation of (r) value sight

(N)
30
30
30
30
30

correlation
0.130-less
0.191-0,349
0,351-0,491
0.500-0,553
0.565-1.000

correlation
Relationship is so small
Weak correlation
Moderate correlation
High correlation
Very high correlation

3.6.

Table of Activities
In this part, the shows the activities from the beginning of writing proposal until the
examination time that shows on the table below:

No
1
2
3
4
5

Activities
Proposal
Seminar
Research
Writing Report
Examination

September

Schedule
October
November

January

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