Energy Security and

Economic Development
in India
A Holistic Approach

Bala Bhaskar

The Energy and Resources Institute

Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements

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xiii

1. Introduction
Evolution of Energy Security
India's Energy Scenario %
Evolution of Energy Security Policies in India
Notes

1
1
5
13
16

2. India's Energy Resources

Classification of Energy Resources
Lignite
Hydrocarbons
Power Sector
Renewable Energy
Notes

19
19
28
29
42
53
89

3. Trends in India's Energy Sector: Elasticity and Growth

Dummy-variable Approach
Trends in Energy Consumption of Major Sources of Energy
Trends in Total Energy Consumption, Production,
and Imports l
Total Energy Production in India
Energy Imports in India
Trends in Energy Security
Trends in Energy Elasticity and Efficiency in India
Energy Elasticities of Different Sources of Energy

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99

xvij Contents

Energy Elasticity, Energy Growth, and Economic Growth

101

Notes

102

4. Causality between India's Energy Consumption and GDP 103

Granger Causality Test
104
Vector Error Correction Model
105
Notes

5. Energy Efficiency and Conservation

Energy Efficiency Indicators
Energy Efficiency Policies
Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Measures in India
Energy in the Building Sector
Appliances and Equipment
Lighting
Transport Sector
Industry
Power Sector
Energy Conservation
Notes

6. Energy and Environment

Coal
Hydrocarbons
Residential Sector
Fugitive Emissions
Nuclear Energy
Hydropower
Geothermal Energy
Urban Waste
Solar Energy
Bioenergy
Wind Energy
Data Collection of Emissions and Climate
Change Assessment
Action Plan on Climate Change
Notes

112

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Contents

7. Water for Energy

fxvil

155

Coal and Lignite

Oil Supply
Natural Gas Supply and Gas Hydrates
Nuclear Power Supply
Hydropower Supply
Renewable Energy
Transportation Sector

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163

Notes

163

8. Energy Pricing

Evolution of Pricing Mechanism for Oil and

Petroleum Products
*
Evolution of Coal Pricing in India
Evolution of Electricity Pricing Mechanism
Pricing of Renewable Energy
Notes
9. Geopolitics and Energy Diplomacy
Reserves
Unconventional Oils
Gas-to-liquids
Geopolitics of Gas
Shale Gas Revolution and Energy Diplomacy
Geopolitics of Coal
Geopolitical Dynamics in Latin America and
Caribbean Countries
Geopolitics of Renewable Energy Resources: Diplomacy
for Technology
Notes
10. Policy Framework

Need for a Holistic Approach

Comprehensive Sectoral Energy Policy
Smart Grid for Intelligent Management of Power
Coal
Hydrocarbons

165

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flip Contents

Kerosene
Natural Gas
Gas Hydrates
Nuclear Power
Hydropower
Wind
Solar Energy
Biomass
Geothermal
Biofuels
Annexures
Bibliography
Index
About the Author

'

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