Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Author:
Jyot Antani
B.Tech
Chemical Enginering
IIT Bombay
12-batch/2016 pass-out
jyotani@gmail.com
jyot.antani@tamu.edu
Contents
About methe Author
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4 Qualifying Examinations
4.1 GRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1.1 Verbal Analysis . . . .
4.1.2 Analytical Writing . .
4.1.3 Quantitative Analysis .
4.2 TOEFL . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 Sending Scores . . . . . . . .
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5 Shortlisting universities
5.1 MITMassachusetts Institute of Technology . .
5.2 UCBerkeleyUniversity of California, Berkeley .
5.3 CaltechCalifornia Institute of Technology . . .
5.4 Harvard SEASSchool of Engineering & Applied
5.5 Princeton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.6 UTAustinUniversity of Texas at Austin . . . .
5.7 Stanford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.8 UCLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.9 UMNUniversity of Minnesota . . . . . . . . . .
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Sciences
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5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
5.30
5.31
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6 Making an SoP
6.1 Basic Recommended Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 Review, Review and Review. . . And Review. . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 To sum up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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7 Making an Apping-R
esum
e/CV
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8 FAQs
8.1 Should I go for placement or not? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2 How do I ask for recommendation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3 Is contacting potential advisers really helpful? . . . . . . . .
8.4 How much will I earn and save as a PhD student? . . . . . .
8.5 Why does this document emphasize on US-universities and
not any other country? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6 I believe my GRE Score is less. Should I write it again? . . .
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. 33
8.7
Jobs in hand :
GRE Score:
Date of Exam:
Duration of Preparation:
Comment:
TOEFL Score:
Date of Exam:
Comment:
Jyot Antani
Ahmedabad
jyotani@gmail.com
Graduate (PhD) Student at
Texas A&M University (TAMU)
8.20
20
5
7th semester, for Fall 2016
Systems/Computational Biology, Genetics,
Biochemical Engineering,. . . anything and
everything related to bio
Did not go for placements
324
Verbal: 154
Quant: 170
September 30, 2015
1 month for wordlists, 1 week for practice
Magoosh Wordlist of 800 words is good enough for
scoring decently. Practice a lot for the Reading
Comprehensions. Write verbal Kaplan tests for
practice, time them. For wordlists, working in
groups might be useful. Check out Section 4.1 for
more
102
October 3, 2015
Just a formality. Dont waste your time preparing
for this.
Ph.D.! The mere mention of this word brings respect to heart and tears to
eyes (and also disgust to mind in some cases). PhD students are considered to
be the biggest geeks on earth (some of us proudly are) and they are thought
to be always busy with a huge amount of work.
In such circumstances, the first question that comes to mind when the
word PhD is uttered, is: why would anyone in their right mind go for a
PhD? Well, let me make this educated statement that PhD as a concept
is highly misunderstood in our department, mostly due to unavailability of
proper opportunities (or easier availability of other lesser opportunities, e.g.,
an internship through the Practical Training Cell) and partly because of the
blind trust that is bestowed upon the seniors, who also have poor knowledge
about this. The perception of a PhD abroad needs to be changed in our
department.
You can consider this section to be a marketing pitch, to convince someone
about considering PhD as a serious option. Let me discuss it factor by factor.
1.1
A major reason for the hatred towards a PhD is the apparent hardship of
Indias PhD students. Due to unavailability of resources/funding (among
many other reasons), PhD students in India face difficulties around every
other corner. Even at one of the prime institutesIITB, the picture is not
much better.
However, developed countries take their research very seriously, hence
there are proper resources and appropriate funding available. The work is
more systematic and atmosphere is positive, when it comes to research in the
United States. US universities can and do afford cutting-edge technology for
their graduate students, even the youngest professors at a good university
have a lab that is very well-equipped and large (HUGE for us) in size. Working as a graduate student in the US is more lab-work and less administrative
work, unlike India. The culture is such that the professor is not the boss,
just an adviser, again unlike majority of cases in India.
Unfortunately, most students at IITB are not eager to find this out for
themselves, to try hard for a univ-internship, just because they can comparatively easily crack an internship through the PT-Cell (Practical Training
Cell) and get enough on their Resume. People who do do an internship in a
US university, realize that a PhD in the US is definitely a great future option.
1.2
You might have heard of a certain senior who joined X company, but
left in a year or two, became an RA and then applied for higher studies;
you might have heard this because it happens every year! So, if you are
interested in core, PhD is definitely a great option to consider. As discussed
two paragraphs back, it is like a job, at a place where quality of life is better
than India. If you are a patriot, India would be better off with you having
a PhD from a US university than struggling in a company after B.Tech.
Core jobs after a B.Tech degree start being more about management and
less about Chemical Engineering, as you climb the career ladder.
Still you might think: what if I am not made for research? Well, first of
all, you cannot decide whether you are made for research or not from your
experience during a project in UG. Second of all, you are going to love it if
you had enthu in some aspects of core chemical engineering (or, your branch,
if youre not from ChE). Third of all, if you try a PhD out for 2-3 years and
still think you want an out, there is an out. Read Section 8.7.
1.3
The answer is simple: because PhD is fully funded, and MS is too big a
financial investment. It does not make sense for an IITian (or a BITSian for
that matter) to go for an MS degree.
To elaborate more, the degree of MS is offered in two ways: either ThesisMS or Professional MS. The former involves a year (and maybe a half more)
of coursework and then a rigorous research project followed by a dissertation.
This option is considered as a serious masters degree and avails considerably
good jobs in R&D. The latter is a year and a half of coursework, which, since
done at a prime university, opens up doors to big-shot companies or a PhD
at even higher-ranked universities.
Now, an MS at a US university costs a total of $50-60k easily, including
all living costs and fees. Even a professional MS costs at least $30k. Earning
this money back after a degree of MS takes 3 to 4 more years if taken a job in
the US; even more if in India. PhD, on the other hand, is fully funded. And
as stated earlier, IITians are considered legit candidates for PhD programs,
hence it is not worth to invest money in a masters degree.
You think you will be trapped if you go for a PhD? Read Section 8.7.
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1.4
1.5
So now that you have decided to consider PhD as a serious option (that is an
assumption, based on the fact that you reached this part of the document),
the first question that comes to mind is: what are the criteria that the
universities focus on while selecting their PhD students? Let us start with
the most important criteria.
2.1
GPA
Research Assistantship
More about universities in a subsequent section
10
2.2
Publications
2.3
Experience
2.4
Recommendations
You need at least 3 recommendations for your application. These recommendations may ideally come from anybody, but the best people to get recommendations would be people with whom you have worked on a research
project, for the longest time.
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2.5
SoPStatement of Purpose
Your SoP is the final deciding factor, when your application is under consideration with the graduate admission committee in the department you have
applied to. A short guideline to making your SoP is discussed in Section 6.
2.6
These tests consist of GRE and TOEFL. These scores are just two simple
qualification elements for screening of applicants. GRE requires at most 15days serious preparation and TOEFL requires none. 320-325 is a decent
score on GRE and anything above 100 is acceptable for TOEFL. More about
preparation for these tests in Section 4.
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August
September
October
November
First draft of SoP should be ready now. Get it reviewed again and
again, keep making newer versions.
Fill out details in the university applications. Figure out their
special requirements, i.e., in addition to SoP, CV and Recommendations (e.g. some univs ask for a Diversity Statement4 ). Send
recommendation requests to profs.
Contact profs of your interest at universities that you are applying
to. (Optional. Refer to Section 8.3)
Prepare for semester-end-report for the project.
What is a Diversity Statement? Go to the univs application page and find out.
13
Make sure you do not need to send any material by physical mail.
(If you do, start sending.) You can send emails to the graduate
admissions office regarding the same. Most universities ask for
only the online documents; do not spam universities and waste
your money on this.5
Send official recommendation reminders from the application.
December (Most univs have application deadlines starting from Dec 15.)
Modify SoP and CV as per universities requirements. (Do this in
mid-Nov if you have deadlines in early Dec.)
Upload documents and re-check filled applications. Do not forget
to pay the fees and Submit the application before deadline.
Work on your project.
Jan/Spring
Another money-saver: email the departments and ask for a waiver of official scores of
GRE and TOEFL. Tell them you will send the official scores if you are admitted. 7 out of
12 universities that I applied to waived this for me. (4 were free official scores, so I only
had to pay for 1 university.) Do not miss this, this can save you a great amount of money,
which you can use to treat friends when you get admitted (Yeah, like thats gonna happen
:P).
14
Qualifying Examinations
As stated earlier, these tests are just for screening applications. So no need
to sweat about them, follow the given guideline to do just good enough and
you will be through with them. (Unless youre a perfectioninst, in which case
there is high chance that your CPI is outstanding and these test scores are
not going to matter anyway on your application.)
4.1
GRE
Verbal Analysis
This is the only section which needs any real preparation on our part. You
must have heard about Wordlists that people try to mug up for writing the
GRE. Indeed, major part of the preparation is getting to know some standard
GRE-level words and their meanings. There are many wordlists available,
each one consisting from 800 to 5000 words. I believe that for scoring decently
(320+), an 800- or 1000-word wordlist is good enough. for remembering the
words with meanings, you could. . .
Downright mug up the whole list if you possess that special skill, or. . .
Install the Magoosh Flashcards app6 from android store and play
it like a game, make it your most frequent pastime for a month: go
through it repeatedly. Or. . .
Use the wordlists from majortests.com and try to remember 1 set a
day. Go through the set multiple times during the day.
6
Remember: use the Magoosh Flashcards app, which flashes the words on the screen
and you have to think of the meaning; NOT the Magoosh GRE app, which gives you
four options to choose the meaning from.
15
If you have a GRE-buddy with whom you could discuss the word-meanings
(preferably do the same sets of words everyday), that would be the best
because our minds tend to remember conversations much more easily than
something that we have read mechanically.
Once GRE is around the corner (about a fortnight left), one should write
one of the practice tests provided officially on the ETS website, available to
download. This will help check where one stands in terms of vocabulary. Do
the wordlists accordingly.
When a week is left, it is recommended to read the tips and tricks described in Princeton Review , describing how to attempt each question.
Now write as many tests as you can, time at least 2 of them, and attempt all
the sections (including Analytical Writing and Quantitative Analysis). This
gives an idea about the time management. All other tests: just attempt
the Verbal sections and try to increase your score as well as speed. Kaplan
provides good verbal sections for practice, which you can do online on their
website. Barrons GRE is the most standard book for GRE, so do attempt
all the verbal section-exercises given in that book. After wordlists, Reading Comprehensions is what needs the most practice: the most lengthy and
tricky questions are asked in these comprehensions.
The more you score on the Verbal Section, the more will be your total
score. So try not to lose more than 10-15 points in this section. 155/170
should be the target.
4.1.2
Analytical Writing
This section does not need any special attention. It is a fair assumption that
2 days before your test, your critical thinking would be excellent (practicing
Reading Comprehensions tends to have that effect on our mind, which feels
really cool by the way). Just read the instructions on how to attempt this
section from a book (Barrons or Princeton Review) and you are good to go.
Practice acquired while writing the two or three full tests is enough, even if
you did not read these instructions before that. A score of 4.0 is average,
which is easy to score without any preparation and is good enough for PhD
applications.
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4.1.3
Quantitative Analysis
4.2
TOEFL
4.3
Sending Scores
Universities ask for official GRE and TOEFL scores from ETS (the company
that organizes these highly expensive tests). Sending official scores to 4
universities is free of charge (ooh thank you sooo much, ETS!! ) if you give
the university names to ETS (at the time of test for GRE, beforehand for
TOEFL). After that sending score to each extra university costs $27 for GRE
and $19 for TOEFL. (Or, it cost that much in 2015.)
Pro tip (copy-pasted a previous footnote): email the departments and ask
for a waiver of official scores of GRE and TOEFL. Tell them you will send
the official scores if you are admitted. 7 out of 12 universities that I applied
to waived this for me. (4 were free official scores, so I only had to pay for
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1 university.) Do not miss this, this can save you a great amount of
money, which you can use to treat friends when you get admitted (Yeah,
like thats gonna happen! :P).
18
Shortlisting universities
Every university has application fees ranging from $50 to $125. Serious
applicants generally apply to 10 universities. Now, due to so many types
of rankings on various websites, it does get confusing how to choose these 10
universities. It is a long and subjective process, involving the consideration
of many factors and opinions of seniors/profs. The basic parameters for
consideration are as follows:
Your GPA (Grade Point Average or CPI) and Class Rank/DR
Most important factor
Remember,
GPA is everything.
Ranking of the University
Strength of your field of interest at the particular university/department
Most useful factor in choosing universities
Your research profile/background
Peers list of universities
Location of university (weather and city/town)
Minor factor
Weather is manageable with a PhD-stipend and availability of appliances in the US. City/Town factor may be important for some people.
Rule of thumb for choosing universities: (If you are applying to 10
universities)
2 Dream Universities (Universities that are out of your league but best
in your field: e.g. CMU for Controls junta with CPI < 8.75, another
example: UCSD-Bioengineering for me, which I knew I will not get
into)
4 Decent Shots
4 Safe Schools (Where you are sure you will get in)
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5.1
There is no doubt that MIT is the best-ranked university there is, for grad
school. Every ranking site agrees with this statement. Every research field
is good at MIT, especially bio-fields. But you can expect at least one of the
best researchers in the world in your topic of interest to be working at MIT.
Then again, getting into MIT is also no childs play. MIT guys need
something stellar on your profile. That stellar factor could either be a mindbogglingly awesome CPI (>9.8) and/or 1-2 first-authored publication(s) in
Nature or Science (Journal names are for example, these two are among
the best journals on earth). Worth a shot for Department Ranks 1 & 2 if
their CPI is >9.5 (for IITB ChE junta: sorry to hurt your feelings if our
departments generosity is still the same!) Not advised for DR > 2, if your
CPI is < 9.8 (again, LOL).
5.2
Same as MIT, except that department is smaller, and/or takes lesser number
of international students, so thin chances of getting in even for IITB DRs.
5.3
Remember: ranking sites are not an accurate measure of research, they may provide
an idea about the ease of getting in
20
5.4
Best place to be for research, as per my opinion. But if you are applying for
a PhD directly after B.Tech or M.Tech, without any full-time research work
experience (e.g. RA-ship, not as a part of curricula), forget it. Just forget
it.
5.5
Princeton
5.6
One among top 5-7. Research scene is excellent and city is awesome (personal experience of the city). The department is very particular about DRs
though, and takes lesser number of international students: may take only 5
international students for a particular intake. Recommended for DRs 1 and
2 having CPI > 9.3-9.4.
5.7
Stanford
Chemical Engineering is decent at Stanford. Location is excellent, weatherwise, because California! Do check about your field of interest and then
apply.
5.8
UCLA
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5.9
UMNUniversity of Minnesota
A HUGE department. Ranked among top 5 in Chemical. You can find best
people working in every area. Takes in lots of grad students. Weather is too
cold, its almost like Canada. But the ranking and reputation of university is
worth it. It would be a good idea to consider UMN as your dream university
even if your CPI < 8.5 but you have done quite a bit of research.
5.10
City on the beach and California weather its a full package. Although,
intake is small so you might want to discuss with your peers first before
applying.
5.11
UDelUniversity of Delaware
5.12
UPennUniversity of Pennsylvania
One of the best places for bio-related fields. Although they do care a tad bit
about DR and CPI.
5.13
One of the bigger departments. They take research background quite seriously. Process Engineering/Controls and Bio-fields are great here. Their
Chemical department also has a lot of collaboration with the highly famed
genetics center.
It is located in the big city of Atlanta, where safety is generally an issue,
so students prefer living on-campus, unlike in case of other universities.
High CPI is of course a way to get in, but even a conference paper might
open the doors for you.
22
5.14
Reputation and fields similar to Georgia Tech. Only difference is that Urbana
Champagne is a university town. (More about university town in TAMUs
description.)
5.15
A dream school for bio-enthu junta. Their Med-School is one of the best and
Bioengineering department is ranked on the very top, so collaboration with
these departments are possible. And everybody in ChemE@JHU works in
bio.
5.16
Arguably the best place for Controls. A highly reputed name among all
universities.
5.17
Ditto, copy, same as CMU. Seats may be less for a particular year, for international students.
5.18
Cornell
One of the Ivy League, located in New York, so living costs are high. Fluids
is a strong field here.
5.19
Purdue
A good name, a good rank. 4-5 groups working in bio. Process Engineering
is also a strong trait. The placeWest Lafayette is a small town so no thrill
like big cities but quality of life is higher.
5.20
UMichUniversity of Michigan
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5.21
I am going to write a little more about TAMU. I had applied there as one of
the lot in intern-apping, and ended up getting an internship there. TAMU has
not been a favourite among IITB Chemical Engineers, maybe because only
people with high CPI and/or work-experience have been applying for a PhD,
and they got into the better ranked universities easily. Now, TAMU has been
rising in rankings since past couple of years. They are hiring profs (snatching
up from Princeton etc) from different areas of chemical engineering, in order
to increase their ranking, and for improving the research scene.
TAMU is a favorite for MS students, due mostly to the low (arguably
lowest in the US) cost of living along with having a decent ranking and
prestige. Hence for PhD students, despite comparably lower stipend, the
savings are maximum. The university is located in the twin cities of College
Station and Bryan, none of which is a major city of Texas, so the costs are low
but some advantages of being a city is there. TAMU is one of the oldest and
largest universities hosting a huge number of students and offering academics
in a wide range of departments. College Station is actually developed as a
university town, hence the place is happening enough and at the same time
economic enough for college students. The big cities Austin and Houston are
2-hour-drive apart from College Station, so providing nice weekend getaways.
The atmosphere is hot, that similar to India, to that of Delhi to be more
elaborate: scorching hot in the summers, may get as low as 10 degrees celcius
during winters.
Till when I am writing up this document, I have been considering TAMU
as one of the 2nd-tier universities (along with Purdue, UIUC et al.), maybe a
little(as little as can be) lower tan these univs. I consider myself lucky that
I secured an internship there and hence could get in easily despite having a
comparatively low CPI.
5.22
Similar status as TAMU. Good for bio-fields. Check for others. May be one
of your safe universities.
24
5.23
Rice University
5.24
A BIGG city, university on the beach, in California. Its the dream place
to be. The chemical department is just decent though, maybe nearby the
bottom of the 2nd tier mentioned above. Reserahc in Nano is awesome at
UCSD: a must apply place for nano-enthu junta.
Now I will discuss about some universities that are not mainstream, that
is, not where IITB class toppers generally apply to, but they might be good
options as safe schools for people with a decent CPI, case in point, myself.
5.25
5.26
5.27
Possibly a safe university. Stem cell and cancer research is good, havent
seen about other fields. Proximity to Harvard Med-School and MIT might
prove to be major pros for bio-enthu junta.
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5.28
UPittUniversity of Pittsburgh
Ultra-safe university for CPI 8. Supposed to be good for Systems and Control. Proximity with CMU might create possibility of collaborative research.
5.29
5.30
5.31
U of Houston
26
Making an SoP
Do read this section and there are also infinite fundae available about making
your SoP: emails and documents floated by seniors and batchies, guidelines
by universities, and general fundae written all over the web. Go through
some of them until you feel that you know enough to get started.
You should take a month or two to design your SoP.
The basic aim of an SoP is to convince the admission committee that
you are rightly motivated to pursue a PhD. You can write anything and
everything that motivates you. But keep in mind that the committee consists
of faculty members from the department, so it should sound fair, to the point,
convincing, not like some random heart-touching story with quoteslike an
answer on Quora. Hence it is suggested to make paragraphs according to your
various research projects, focusing on how that particular project motivated
you to do a PhD.
To discuss about the format of an SoP, it is not fixed. I have even heard
about an SoP written in poetic verse! However, an engineering SoP is suggested to have a 1000-word (2-page) essay, containing at max 1 quote, focusing a little on technical terms and most on how each project motivated
you to a PhD. The basic recommended structure of an engineering SoP is as
follows. . .
6.1
The first paragraph should state your introduction and research interest. Avoid using statements like I have always been interested in
research, right since my 5th class; I loved Science Fairs! Schooling
does not play a major role in making a rational decision to do a PhD.
Significant stuff tends to happen in college.
Note: it is okay not to have a particular research interest, or to have a
broad field of interest. The committee does not expect undergraduates
to have sorted out interests, and in some cases, versatility/flexibility is
what the department wants.
From second paragraph onwards you can have 1 paragraph per significant project you undertook. In each paragraph, state the name of the
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project and the adviser, and explain in a sentence, your role in the
project. Talk about how the project taught you to think about different problems and motivated you towards your current interest and/or
doing a PhD. No need to talk about the skills acquired and methodology implemented in solving the problem, all that will be covered in
your CV.
You could fit in a paragraph about some courses and course projects
that you did, which helped you figure out your research interest and/or
motivation for PhD.
In the 2nd-last paragraph, summarize your research interest (if any)
and your motivation, using decent vocabulary.
In the last paragraph, justify your application to the particular department. Write a couple or more professors names with whom you would
like to work, stating the particular projects of your interest (state if
you had a conversation with the prof on email).
6.2
Now, once the first draft of your SoP is ready, proofread it, evaluate it on
the basis of how much Purpose you have focused on in your Statement; and
then send a word file for review to seniors who have been through PhDapping. Needless to say, the most useful reviews are those who have the
whole document filled with comments and suggestions and corrections.
Make the corrections suggested by seniors and send the new draft to a
couple of selected seniors, your apping mentors. Selected seniors: who have
replied with a document reddened with comments and corrections, with a
note on the lines of Good try but this is just a first draft. We need to work
a lot on this.
Rinse and repeat. Make new versions of your SoP till the deadline or
until your apping mentor says it is good enough (which wont happen until
the deadline if you have selected the mentor properly). You can also seek
reviews from your professors, but experience says that seniors who have been
through the apping procedure, tend to be a lot more help than professors in
this matter.
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6.3
To sum up
Keep the following points in mind, at every moment while designing your
SoP.
It is a Statement of Purpose, and not a Statement of Previous Work
Experience
For every described project. . .
Why did you take this project?
What did you learn from this project? (Philosophically learned,
not techniques acquired)
How did this project motivate you to do a PhD?
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Making an Apping-R
esum
e/CV
IITB Students have very good Resumes when compared to other institutes.
However, a CV8 made in LATEX makes a good impression, especially since you
are entering a world where good presentation of your work will be required
from you, and LATEX is an excellent tool to do exactly that.
There is no doubt that LATEX makes the world beautiful. It is very easy
to learn: you can make a presentation for your lab in LATEX, the first time at
which will take an extra hour. After that you will fall in love with LATEX and
prefer to make every document using LATEX. Case in point, this document.
Once you have made a presentation using LATEX, you are considered to
be fairly accustomed to it. Download a template for your CV and just by
modifying that, you can make an awesomely aesthetic CV. If you see a good
LATEX CV of someone, ask them to send you their template.
Difference Between R
esum
e and CV8
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FAQs
8.1
You can consult seniors and profs regarding this, and think for yourself after
all that exercise.
Generic (and correct, as per my perception) answer by profs:
No need to go for placement if you are sure about higher studies. Worst
case scenario: if you get the most unlucky and dont get into any univ, well
employ you as RA.
And even this worst case scenario is a very good option, seeing as how some
seniors leave their jobs in ITC or HUL after getting bored and come back to
insti as RAs.
Answers from seniors vary, ranging from You should definitely have a
backup job to fall onto to Insti placement is $#!&. Ditch placement, dont
waste your time in that, choose univs smartly so that you have at least one
good offer in the worst case.; me being the 2nd kind of senior.
8.2
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8.3
The answer is subjective. Chemical Engineering departments in the USuniversities generally admit students to the departments, and advisers are
decided after reaching there, after some seminars and interactions. Hence, a
generic, polite reply to your email would be Glad to hear about your interest
in my lab. However, the graduate admissions committee makes the decisions
and I do not have a say in it. Please apply to the department, we can talk
further once you are admitted.
However, if you receive a non-generic, personal response from a professor,
based on their interest in your current project or some potential project that
s/he would like to work on, in which your experience might come in handy;
you can mention this conversation in your SoP, which may help your case a
bit. But only do this exercise if you have time to spend, e.g., if you do not
have to attend 4 hours of Pre-Placement Talks per week.
8.4
8.5
1. Because I applied only to US, since I interned there and loved the
culture.
9
Thats a joke, a satirical usage of the word. It refers to living with no worries or
planning about saving any money.
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8.6
Writing the GRE again is a wastage of time and money. If you have scored
315/340 total with 165+/170 in Quant, you are cool. Anything above 3.0 in
the Analytical Writing section is good enough. If your score is lesser, then
only you need to give it a thought and talk to your apping mentor about
writing the test again.
Same goes for TOEFL. Anything above 100 is good. My score was 102,
when all my classmates scored 110+ and it did not make any difference.
8.7
Worry not. There is an out for the worst case scenario. As you know, the
university funds you for a PhD, but you might be afraid that you might
become a liability if you cant produce results. It might not come to you as
an obvious fact, especially if you have not done an internship at a university,
but producing results is not that difficult, since you have the whole research
group as well as the adviser giving invaluable inputs.
However, in the worst case, if you think you are fully fed up, the university
does give you an out. You can opt out of the PhD program after some paperwork and mutual understanding with your adviser, the department as well
as the university. They would also not like to waste any more money funding
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you if you have decided that you dont want to do this anymore. In 95%
cases, the university also awards you with an MS degree since you have given
your 2-3 years to their efforts in research. Having an MS from a US university
will open up doors to big names in the industry and this MS degree would
cost you nothing!
Of course, it would be morally very wrong to apply for a PhD aiming for
this option from the beginning, nobody would recommend that. This option
is to make the irrational fear of not being able to perform (pun obviously
intended) go away. And trust me, the fear is completely irrational since you
have not been in that environment; if you had, you would not have this fear
in the first place.
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