Series Circuits

Current is the same on each resistor

Resistance RT=R1+R2+R3+Rn
Current IT= V/RT
Voltage VT= V1+V2+V3+Vn(KVL)
Voltage Drop VR=(IT)(R)
Voltage Divider Vx=(Rx/RT)VT
Power Total =(VS)(I) or (I2)(RT) or VS2/RT
Power in a resistor = (Vx)(Ix)
Power is measured in WATTS (W)
Convert Voltage Source to Current Source
IS=VS/RS

Terminal Equivalency ILOAD=VS/(RS+RL)

Thevenin Equivalent
VTH use voltage divider rule
RTH use total resistance
Color Code 6=Blue
4 bands=
0=Black
7=Violet
1=Brown
8=Gray
2=Red
9=White
5 band=
3=Orange
+/-5%=gold
4=Yellow
+/-10%=silver
5=Green
Ohms Law

I=V/R

V=(I)(R)

Parallel Circuits
Voltage is the same across all resistors
1
Resistance R T =
1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + 1/R 3 + 1/R n
RT for 2 resistors=(R1)(R2)/(R1+R2)
Current IT= I1+I2+I3+In(KCL)
Current Divider I1=((R2)/(R1+R2))IT
For 3 or more Rs Ix=(RT/RX)IT
Power Total= (V)(IT) or (IT2)(RT) or V2/RT
Convert Current Source to Voltage Source
VS=(IS)(RS)

1&2 are values

3 is the multiplier
4 is tolerance
1,2,&3 are values
4 is the multiplier
5 is the tolerance

R=V/I

CHARGE(Q)= #of electrons/6.25x 1018electrons/C

V=W/Q
I=Q/t
P=W/t
W=(P)(t)

Capacitors
Total Series Capacitance Ct=1/((1/C1)+(1/C2).)
Capacitor Voltage Vx=(Ct/Cx)Vt
Total Parallel Cap Ct=C1+C2+C3.
Time constant =RC
Time Constant %ages
1= 63%
2= 86%
3= 95%
4= 98%
5= 100%

Pico (p) -12

Milli (m) -3
Giga (G) 9

nano (n) -9
Kilo (k) 3
Tera (T) 12

micro () -6
Mega (M) 6

Efficiency = Pout/Pin
Pout= Pin-Ploss
Sine wave
f= 1/T
T=1/f
Vpp= 2Vp peak to peak
Ipp= 2Ip
Vrms= (0.707)(Vp)
Irms= (0.707)(Ip)
Degrees to Rad= (rad/180)xdegrees
Rad to Degrees= (180/rad)xRad
Sine wave Instantaneous value at 90 ref point=
v=Vpsin
percent duty cycle= (tw/T)100%
Total Impediance Z= R 2 + X 2
= -tan-1(Xc/R)
Xc= 1/ 2fC
Xc= Vc/I
Vc= Vs Vr
I=Vr/R
CURRENT in a capacitor leads VOLTAGE ICE
CURRENT is in phase with VOLTAGE in resistors