Manga ( Manga?

) are comics created in Japan or by creators in the Japanese

language, conforming to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century.[1]
They have a long and complex pre-history in earlier Japanese art.[2]

The term manga (kanji: ; hiragana: ; katakana: ; About this sound

listen (helpinfo); English /m/ or /m/) in Japan, is a word use to refer
to both comics and cartooning. "Manga" as a term used outside Japan, refers
specifically to comics originally published in Japan.[3]

In Japan, people of all ages read manga. The medium includes works in a broad
range of genres: action-adventure, business/commerce, comedy, detective,
historical drama, horror, mystery, romance, science fiction and fantasy, , sports
and games, and suspense, among others. Although this form of entertainment
originated in Japan, many manga are translated into other languages, mainly
English.[4] Since the 1950s, manga has steadily become a major part of the
Japanese publishing industry,[5] representing a 406 billion market in Japan in
2007 (approximately $3.6 billion) and 420 billion (approximately $5.5 billion) in
2009.[6] Manga have also gained a significant worldwide audience.[7] In Europe
and the Middle East the market was worth $250 million in 2012.[8] In 2008, in
the U.S. and Canada, the manga market was valued at $175 million; the markets
in France and the United States are about the same size.[citation needed] Manga
stories are typically printed in black-and-white,[9] although some full-color
manga exist (e.g., Colorful). In Japan, manga are usually serialized in large
manga magazines, often containing many stories, each presented in a single
episode to be continued in the next issue. If the series is successful, collected
chapters may be republished in tankbon volumes, frequently but not
exclusively, paperback books.[10] A manga artist (mangaka in Japanese)
typically works with a few assistants in a small studio and is associated with a
creative editor from a commercial publishing company.[11] If a manga series is
popular enough, it may be animated after or even during its run.[12] Sometimes
manga are drawn centering on previously existing live-action or animated films.
[13]

Manga-influenced comics, among original works, exist in other parts of the world,
particularly in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan ("manhua"), and South Korea
("manhwa").[14][15] In France, "manfra" and "la nouvelle manga" have
developed as forms of bande dessine comics drawn in styles influenced by
manga. The term OEL manga is often used to refer to comics or graphic novels
created for a Western market in the English language, which draw inspiration
from the "form of presentation and expression" found in manga.[citation needed]