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VDO Commercial

Product Catalogue

Handling a complex world.

Index
Product Description

Page Numbers

Electronic Tachograph MTCO 1390

Page 1

Tachograph Charts

Page 2

Tachographs Brackets

Page 3

Tachograph Speed Sensor - Electronic Tachograph

Page 4

Tachograph Speed Sensor

Page 5

Tachograph Interface - Signal Interfaces & Power Converters

Page 6

Tachograph Angle Drives

Page 7

Tachograph Adaptor Boxes

Page 8

Tachograph TCO Power Supply Leads

Page 9

Sealing Cover For Electrical Connections

Page 10

Accessories for Tachographs

Page 11

Tachograph TCO Drive Cables and Cable Parts

Page 12 - 15

Connecting Pieces, Adapters & Extensions

Page 16 - 17

Various Connecting Nuts, Left Hand / Right Hand Threads for Adapter Boxes

Page 17

Connecting Pieces, Adapters & Extensions

Page 18

Service Diagnostic Systems

Page 19

Sealing / Cable Making Tools

Page 20

Analysis Equipment

Page 21

EDM 1404 - Electronic Diesel Consumption Measuring System

Page 22

MTCO 1390 - Modular Tachograph Electronic

Page 23

MTCO 1390 - Installation Sealing Accessories

Page 24

CANLink Signal Adapter

Page 25

The Tachograph Chart

Page 26

Road Speed Recording

Page 27

Example of Economical/ Uneconomical Stop-Start Driving

Page 28

Assessment of Stop-Start Driving Techniques

Page 29

Engine Speed Recordings

Page 30-31

Engine Warm-Up

Page 32

Labouring/ Lugging

Page 33

Accident Analysis

Page 34

Commercial Target Market

Page 35- 36

Transport Terminology

Page 37- 38

Handling a complex world.

Tachograph
Non-EC Tachograph, Electronic, Compact Design
(diameter of casing 140 mm, mounting depth 99 mm)

Part Number

Model

Version

Measuring Range

Voltage

1318-020000000103

1318-02

1-day

125 kph

12 V

1318-020000000121

1318-02

1-day

125 kph

24 V

Non-EC Tachograph, Electronic, Compact Design


(diameter of casing 140 mm, mounting depth 99 mm)

Part Number

Model

Version

Measuring Range

Voltage

1318-060000000103

1318-06

8-day

125 kph

12 V

1318-060000000121

1318-06

8-day

125 kph

24 V

Measuring Range

Voltage

Non-EC Tachograph, Electronic


With additional engine recording

Part Number

Model

Version

1318-040000000713

1318-04

1-day

1318-040000000733

1318-04

1-day

125kph
3300rpm
125kph
3300rpm

12 V
24 V

Handling a complex world.

Tachograph Charts
24 Hour Road Speed Only
Part Number

Range

TCO

Spec. Number

1900-01120000

125 km/h

15/2

125-24-21*

1900-01140000

160 km/h

15/2

160-24

1900-51150000

180 km/h

MTCO

180-24

* also suitable for TCO 1318-02

24 Hour Road Speed / Engine RPM


Part Number

Range

TCO

Spec. Number

1900-21120408

125 - 3300

1318-04

125-3300/24/21*

1900-21120435

125 - 3300

1310-07

26 hours

1900-01120075

125km/h

MTCO

26 hours

* also suitable for TCO 1318-25 & 1318-04

8 X 24 Hour Road Speed Only


Part Number

Range

TCO

Spec. Number

1900-08120000

125 km/h

1318-06

125-8-24/21

1900-08140000

160 km/h

15/6

160-8-24

8 X 24 Hour Road Speed Engine RPM


Part Number

Range

TCO

Spec. Number

1900-28120401

125-3300

1310-07

80-3300/8X24

Part Number

Range

Mini

Spec. Number

1900-03140000

160 km/h

24 hour

160-24

1900-05140000

160 km/h

8X24 hour 160-8x24

Mini

Handling a complex world.

Tachograph Brackets
Metal Holder
Part Number

Version

A721055

Straight

A721060

90 Degree Angle (Short)

A721050

90 Degree Angle (Long)

A721045

70 Degree Angle (Long)

Other versions available on request.

Spacer
Part Number

Depth

Version

A721035

16mm

Metal

A721040

30mm

Metal

Rubber Ring 140 mm


Part Number

Version

89 512 006

Rubber

Handling a complex world.

Tachograph Speed Sensor


Electronic Tachograph

Hall Generator
For conversion of rotational movements of the speedometer output into
electric pulses.
Operating Voltage: 8 - 16 volts
8 rectangular pulses per revolution
Connection:
Cable side: 3-wire panel connector bayonet joint
Gearbox side: thread, slotted catch 3mm

Part Number:

Version

Thread

340-214/002/001B

1310 Series

M22 X 1.5

Operating Voltage: 6.5 - 16 volts


8 rectangular pulses per revolution
Connection:
Cable side: 3-wire panel connector bayonet joint
Gearbox side: thread, slotted catch 3mm

Part Number:

Version

Thread

2155-01000000

Female

1310 Series

M22 X 1.5

2155-02000000

Male

1310 Series

M22 X 1.5

Hall Generator with Continuous Shaft (without Holder)


For applications where an additional mechanical drive is needed.
Operating Voltage: 6 - 16 volts
8 rectangular pulses per revolution
Connection:
Cable side: 3-wire panel connector bayonet and
additional screw neck M22 X 1.5; tongue catch 3 X 7 mm
Gearbox side: connecting nut M22 X 1.5 left and
M22 X 1.5; slotted tongue 3 mm.
Part Number:
Version
Thread
2157-03000000

1310 Series

M22 X 1.5

Sender Unit Cable for Road Speed


Three-wire connection. Tachograph side: plug-type connection. Sender
unit side: bayonet joint. When using the road speed sender unit cable for
engine speed, special attention is to be paid to the pin assignment (wiring
scheme on tachograph casing).

Part Number:

Version

A Spec 731

1310 - Plug Kit Impulse Transmitter

A Spec 737

1318 - Plug Kit Impulse Transmitter

Handling a complex world.

Tachograph Speed Sensor


Hall Generator
For conversion of rotational movements of the speedometer output into
inverted electrical double pulses.
Operating Voltage: 6.5 - 16 volts
8 rectangular pulses per revolution
Connection:
Cable side: 4-wire panel connector bayonet joint
Gearbox side: thread, slotted catch 3mm
Version

Part Number:

Thread

2159-01000000

Female 1318 Series + MTCO 1390

M22 X 1.5

2159-02000000

Male

1318 Series + MTCO 1390

M22 X 1.5

Integrated Pulse Generators


The pulse generator integrated in the gearbox converts the revolutions of a
pulse or gear wheel into inverted electrical pulses.
Operating Voltage: 6 - 15 volts
Connection:
Cable side: 4-wire panel connector bayonet joint
Gearbox side: thread M 18 x 1.5
Part Number:

Version

Length

2159-50004101

1318 Series + MTCO 1390

19.8 mm

2159-50004201

1318 Series + MTCO 1390

90.0 mm

2159-50004501

1318 Series + MTCO 1390

35.0 mm

2159-50004401

1318 Series + MTCO 1390

63.2mm

2195-50004301

1318 Series + MTCO 1390

25.0mm

Sender Unit Cable for Road Speed


Connection:
4-wire
Tachograph side : plug-type connection (yellow)
Sender unit side : bayonet joint

Part Number:

Version

Length

2159.80 01 0500

1318 + MTCO 1390

5000 mm

Handling a complex world.

Tachograph Interface
Signal Interfaces & Power Converters
Pictures are simular to products.

Current Limiter 24V


1314.90020000

Pulse Duplicator TCO 1318-25


1403044

1.Inductive Interface with Harness 12/24V


411 Spec 100
Interface Harness
411 099
Interface without Harness
411 100 A
2.Impulse Doubler
X10-415-000-009

Pulse Distributor 3 Outputs


2156-50140100

Handling a complex world.

Tachograph Angle Drives


Mechanical Tachograph

Angle Drives
Connection to rpm takeoff: M22 X 1.5 union nut and 3 X 10 mm slotted hole.
Connection to measuring instrument: M22 X 1.5 male thread and
3 X 6 mm tongue tip.
Part Number

Ratio

Sense of Rotation

Installation

210.033/041/001

1:1

Non-Reversing

Right-Hand

210.033/041/002

1:1

Reversing

Right-Hand

Angle Joint
For direct connection to the tachograph (can be mounted in all directions,
transmission 1:1) composed of: Casing with gear shaft, counter gear, adjusting
disk, curved washer and mounting parts.
Part Number

Angle

Sense of Rotation

1308-90010100

Right Hand

90 Degree

Non-Reversing

1308-90010200

Left Hand

90 Degree

Non-Reversing

Angle Drive
Cable side:
Gearbox Side:

Screw neck M22 X 1.5; tongue catch 3 X 8 mm


Connection screw nut M22 X 1.5 left and M22 X 1.5;
Slotted catch 3 mm.

Part Number

Sense of Rotation

Ratio

214.043/011/001

Non-Reversing

1:1

214.043/011/002

Reversing

1:1

Handling a complex world.

Tachograph Adapter Boxes


Adapter Gearbox with Second Output
(without connection unit)
For adaption to the characteristic coefficient of the vehicle for simultaneous
connection of two devices, constant sense of rotation.
Tachograph side : 2 Screw necks M22 X 1.5; tongue catch 3 X 8 mm.
Gearbox side : Screw neck M22 X 1.5 left; slotted catch 3 mm.
Part Number

Ratio

A752038

Adaptor Gearbox

0.501:1

A752062

Adaptor Gearbox

0.608:1

A752065

Adaptor Gearbox

0.621:1

A752070

Adaptor Gearbox

0.638:1

A752098

Adaptor Gearbox

0.787:1

A752100

Adaptor Gearbox

0.800:1

A752115

Adaptor Gearbox

0.903:1

A752130

Adaptor Gearbox

1.002:1

A752160

Adaptor Gearbox

1.294:1

Adapter Box Kit


Part Number
A852601

Holder for Adapter Gearbox


Part Number

Version

A721010

Metal

Connecting Nuts Dual Left Hand Right Hand


Part Number

Left Hand

Right Hand

1040-1200-003-001

M22 X 1.5 mm

M22 X 1.5 mm

A872025

M22 X 1.5 mm

7/8" 18 Ns

Blank Nut (Dust nut)


Part Number
992 198 001 (Plastic)
1403036 (Rubber)

Lead Seal
Part Number: 1305.0006.011.000

Seal Cup
Part Number: 1305.0006.010.000

Handling a complex world.

Tachograph TCO
Power Supply Leads
TCO 15
Description:

Part Number:

TCO 15 (Complete)

A 729035

Housing 4 way

Z 863101

TCO 1310
Description:

Part Number:

TCO 1310 (Complete)

A 729045

Housing 6 way

Z 863102

Electric Terminal

Z 863016

Housing 8 way

Z 863103

TCO 1318

Description:

Part Number:

TCO 1318 (Complete)

1318.90100100

Housing Clear Colour

HS 53.6600.081

Housing Yellow

HS 53.6600.082

Housing Red

HS 53.6600.083

Housing Brown

HS 53.6600.084

Electric Terminal

HW 032260

Handling a complex world.

Sealing Covers for


Electrical Connections
Electronic 1310 Series
Part Number : 1309.901107.01

Electronic 1318 Series


Part Number : 1318.9002.5200

Coding Switch Cover 1318 Series


Part Number : 1318.9002.1301

Illumination Bulbs
Description

Part Number

12 V Old Type

4 124 222

24 V Old Type

4 124 242

Illumination Bulbs

10

Description

Part Number

12 V New Type

Z 860035

24 V New Type

Z 860040

Handling a complex world.

Accessories for
Tachographs
Lock with Key TCO 15, 1310 Series
Part Number : 1311-0111-073-050 (TCO 15 + 1310 Series)
1318.9999.027.000 (1318 Series)

Standard Tachograph Key


Part Number : 1305.9002.2901

Special Key 41.5 mm


Part Number : X11.140/000/039

Special Key 47.0 mm


Part Number : 1311.90 13 047 03

Chart Clip 26 Hours


Part Number : 1999-0913-001-000

Lock Nut TCO 8 Day Charts


Part Number : 1308.0111.028.000

Knife TCO 8 Day


Part Number : 1305.0002.020.000

Sealing Wire
Part Number : Z 817001 (1 Kg Roll)

Red Seal
Part Number : 1311.0111.132.010

Sealer Retainer - Odometer 1310 Series

Sealer Retainer - Cover Plate 1310 Series


Part Number : 1311.0111.131.000

11

Handling a complex world.

Tachograph TCO
Drive and Cable Parts
Complete Cables
Tachograph side: Bayonet joint, catch 2.6 mm
Gearbox side : Thread M22 X 1.5, slotted catch 3 mm.

Part Number:

Length

2401 117 011 20

2 meter

2401 117 011 25

2.5 meter

2401 117 011 30

3 meter

2401 117 011 35

3.5 meter

2401 117 011 40

4 meter

2401 117 011 45

4.5 meter

2401 117 011 50

5 meter

Half Made Cables


Tachograph side:
Gearbox side : Thread M22 X 1.5, slotted catch 3 mm.
Part Number:

Length

2401 000 011 20

2 meter

2401 000 011 30

3 meter

2401 000 011 35

3.5 meter

2401 000 011 40

4 meter

2401 000 011 45

4.5 meter

2401 000 011 50

5 meter

Cable Kits (Part Kits)

12

Part Number:

Description:

2401 011

TCO Cable Gearbox end

2401 117

TCO Cable TCO side

2401 094

TCO Cable Intermediate

Handling a complex world.

Tachograph Standard Drive Cable


for Mechanical Tachograph

Tachograph Connection

Bayonet Nut

Nut - 81 110 005


Spring - 19 146 068
Nylon Bush - 88 212 026
Outer Casing 9 mm - 13 030 A
Flex Drive 4 mm - 12 220 A

Cable Sleeve - 16 663 029


Male Drive 2.6 mm - 111 039 025

Hexagon Nut
M22 X 1.5

Nut - 61 006 005


Female Drive - 111 039 024
Nylon Bush - 88 212 026

Cable Sleeve - 16 663 029

Gearbox Connection

13

Handling a complex world.

Tachograph TCO
Drive and Cable Parts
Inner Flex Drive 4 mm
Part Number : 12 220A

Outer Casing 9 mm

6.0

Part Number : 13 030A

33
1.5

13
11
6

End Piece Male Standard


4.1

17.5

Part Number : 111 039 025

26

End Piece Female Standard

10.5

4.1

11
10

Part Number : 111 039 024

35.5
13

10.5

11

1.5

10

Part Number : 111 039 028

Nylon Bush
11.3

6.4

4.5

4.1

End Piece Intermediate

Part Number : 88 212 026

Spring for Bajonett Nut


Part Number : 19 146 068

14

Handling a complex world.

Cable parts for


Standard Tachograph Cables
44

10.9

9.3

Intermediate Sleeve

15

19.8

15

Part Number : 16 663 034

47
18.5

9.3

10.9

11.5

18.5

Standard Sleeve
Part Number : 16 663 029

47

9.3

10.9

Sleeve for M18 X 1.5 Nut

10

Part Number : 16 663 044

26

M22 X 1.5

13.4

11

Right Hand Nut M22 X 1.5 mm


Part Number : 61 006 005

14

26

M22 X 1.5

17.3

11

Left Hand Nut M22 X 1.5 mm


Part Number : 61 043 001

14
20

31

14

Bajonett Nut Instrument Connection


30

15

18

17

15

Part Number : 81 110 005

Handling a complex world.

Connecting Pieces,
Adapters & Extensions
M22 X 1.5

M22 X 1.5

56

X11.200/001/023

X11.200/002/032

58

M22 X 1.5

M22 X 1.5

96

X11.200/001/021

X11.200/002/030

2.6 mm

23

M22 X 1.5

6.4

98

37
1040-1300-009-001

51
33

1040-1200-074-001

2.6 mm

4.75 mm

M22 X 1.5

34.5

A872 337

33

2.6 mm

2.6 mm

M18 X 1.5

26

993 318 002


32

1040-1300-007-00

16

4.75 mm

2.6 mm

M22 X 1.5

38

Handling a complex world.

Connecting Pieces,
Adapters & Extensions
50

Flexible Drive
Part Number : On Request

22

22

6.2

5.2

10.94
3

1.52

11
26.5

Flag drive (Kienzle)


Part Number : 11 886 003
1040-12-00-11-03 4,7 x 26
1040-12-00011120 5,0 x 26

Various Connecting Nuts,


Left Hand / Right Hand Threads for Adaptor Boxes
M22 X 1.5 (Left)

20

Standard
Part Number : 1040-1200-003-001

M22 X 1.5

M22 X 1.5 (Left)

20

7/8 - 18 NS
Part Number : A872025

7/8" - 18

17

Handling a complex world.

Connecting Pieces,
Adapters & Extensions
Part Number : A872 211

4.8

3.8

26

Part Number : A872 196

6.2

4.7

26

6.7

5.2

33

Part Number : A872 193

36

7.5

Part Number : A872 202

26

2.6

Part Number : 1040-1200-005-19

Part Number : 1040-1200-005-20

26

6.5

26

28

Part Number : 1040-1200-005-21

2.6

36

2.6

Part Number : A872 112

2.6

45

34

18

Part Number : 12 206 002

Handling a complex world.

Service Diagnostic Systems


Stationary Test Computer STC 1601.25
Part Number: 1601.25 006 010
The STC 1601.25 is a very sophisticated device to test tachographs. It is
multi functional, easy to handle, with integrated power supply. It is the
multi-purpose comprehensive test centre for efficient diagnostic of both
mechanically and electronically driven tachographs. The STC is available in
Standard and Automatic versions.

MTCO 1390 Mobile Tester / Programmer


Part Number: 1602-04015000
For MTCO 1390 and 1324 calibration testing and programming

Hand-Test Computer HTC 1602-19


Part Number: 1403008
For 1310 Seies tachograph callibration the Hand-Test computer is the
economic a minimum equipment. It allows measuring of the basic vales
W and K on a measuring track. The HTC is also suitable for checking
complete installations for automatic speed control (RSL).

19

Handling a complex world.

Sealing / Cable
Making Tools
Cable Hand Crimper
Part Number: 1999-1013-000-100

(Including dies for Standard Tachograph Cable)


Dies only (Std TCO Cable) : 1999-1013-002-100
Dies only (Std Automotive Cable) : 1999-1013-006-100

Sealing Pliers
Part Number: 1999-1213-002-980 (No insert)
Insert for above x2 1999-1213-002-980

Drive Cable Printing Press with Universal Die


Part Number: 1999-2410-002-000 (on request only)

20

Handling a complex world.

Analysis Equipment

Chart Analyser with Magnifier and Illumination


Part Number

Version

1612-50500 100

With analysing disk

Measuring Microscope for Chart Analyser


Part Number
On request.

Analysing Disk
Part Number
1602-03040 000

21

Handling a complex world.

EDM 1404

Electronic Diesel Consumption Measuring System


Part Number

Description

Option 1
1404-01-07-01-00

Full installation Kit 12/24 volt


Consists of:
Electronic Flow Meter
Compact Display
Mounting Kit for Display
Mounting Set for Flow Meter
Installation Instructions

Option 2

Parts required for OBC application

1404-01-01-00-00

1. Flow Meter

1404-01-06-01-00

2. Flow Meter Mounting Set

1040-01-09-00-00

Gas seperator - Cummins PT inj.

1404-01-04-01-00

Compact Display

1404-01-01-00-00

Flow Meter

1404-01-06-01-00

Flow Meter Mounting Set

A731012

Speed Impulse Generator

TBA

Portable EDM on Request

It is necessary to install a voltage converter if the flowmeter is used without a


display on a 24 volt system.

22

Handling a complex world.

MTCO 1390

Modular Tachograph Electronic


Part Number

Description

One day recording models


1390-102110011005

125 km/h 12V 1 Day

1390-105112100005

125 km/h 24V 1 Day

1390-112110011005

180 km/h 12V 1 Day

1390-102120011005

125 km/h 3300Rpm 12V 1 Day

1390-10512210005

125 km/h 3300Rpm 24V 1 Day


Eight day recording models

1390-202140011005

125 km/h 12V 8 Day

1390-205142100005

125 km/h 24V 8 Day

1390-212140011005

180 km/h 12V 8 Day

1390-202130011005

125 km/h 3300Rpm 12V 8 Day

1390-205132100005

125 km/h 3300Rpm 24V 8 Day

X39-140-000-009

Installation Console

Additional Notes
a) All above models have a fixed drawer (Easy Modification for Lower Drawer
Application)
b) Green Display Illumination (Keys are not illuminated)
c) All Models will operate with Standard Speed Sensor (8 Pulse Square Wave
Signal)
d) RPM Signal taken from W Terminal of the Alternator
e) Operates with existing Diagram charts

23

Handling a complex world.

MTCO 1390
Installation Sealing Accessories
Part Number

Description

1324-90010005

Mounting Frame for fitment into the radio compartment

X39-140-000-009

Installation Console for fitment on or under the dashboard

1322-84-602-02

Sealing Cover (Program Socket)

KN07-0139-047

Screw for above Cover

1322-50-003-00

Rubber Cap

1324-90020200

Sealing Cover Electric Connection

1311-0111-132-010

Red Seals

1318-90-10-01-00

Power Loom

HS53-6600-082

Housing 8 Pin Yellow

HS53-6600-083

Housing 8 Pin Red

HS53-6600-084

Housing 8 Pin Brown

Hw032260

Terminal for Housing


Recommended Speed Sender

A731012

8 Pulse Hall Effect (In-line)

A731002

8 Pulse Hall Effect (Male)

A872013

M22 Dual Nut for above

A-Spec-731

Electric Plug Kit for A731002

24

Handling a complex world.

CANLink Interface

CANlink Signal Adapter


Part Number

Description

X10-140-401-002

CANlink Adapter
Mercedes Benz - Actros
Ateyo - Axor

X39-140-400-010

Cable - CANlink for above

X10-140-401-006

CANlink Adapter
MANTJA - DAF
IVECO - Scania

X39-140-400-003

Cable - CANlink for above

25

Handling a complex world.

The Tachograph Chart


Sapphire Tipped
Rec. Stylus

Pressure Sensitive Wax


Black Paper
Backing Paper

Fig. 10

The chart is the most essential part of the Tachograph System. It consists of recording layer of pressuresensitive wax and black backing paper. The recordings are made with sapphire-tipped styli i.e. Without
marking fluid. The styli compress the recording layer which becomes visible (Fig. 10). The recordings
cannot be altered without damaging the recording surface.

Time Scale Speed


Time Scale
Driving and Stopped Times
Distance Travelled

Fig. 11

The clock mechanism in the tachograph rotates the chart(s) at a uniform rate so that the recordings are
made in relation to time. All charts are 124mm in diameter. The most common recording range is
0-125km/h (Fig. 11).

26

Handling a complex world.

Road Speed Recording

Base Line

Fig.12
Road Speed Recording
When the vehicle is stationary, the speed recording stylus will record a line parallel to the time scales
on the chart. When the vehicle accelerates, the recording will move up to whatever speed the vehicle
is traveling at that moment. The recording can then be read against the speed scale on the chart to
determine at what speed the vehicle was traveling. When the vehicle slows down, the recording also
drops with the speed of the vehicle. When the vehicle stops, the recording will return to its zero km/p
position and will remain in that position for the amount of time that the vehicle is stationary. This
stationary line is called the BASE LINE. (Fig.12).
To be able to read the speed recording against the speed scale, the Base Line must be recorded just
touching the top of the lower time scale. If it is recorded above or below this position, the amount that
is away from its correct position must be added to, or subtracted from, the speed recording to
determine correct speeds.

Stationary

Driving

Driving

Fig.13
Driving and Stopped Time Recording
When a vehicle is moving, the time stylus shows this on the chart as a curved wide band and when
stationary, a thin curved line. (Fig. 13).

27

Handling a complex world.

Example of Economical/ Uneconomical


Stop - Start Driving

Uneconomic

Economic

38.8

25.6

40

47.1

43.2

Journey Time in Minutes

25

27

Maximum Speed km/h

85

55

Manner of Driving
Fuel Consumption I/100km
Extra Consumption %
Average km/h

B
Sharp

Harsh Acce
leration

raking

Fig.20

Fig.21

Assessment of Stop-Start Driving Techniques


If stop-start recordings take the form of needle-shaped peaks above
50km/h, then the vehicle was harshly accelerated and sharply braked
immediately thereafter. Fig. 20 shows typical uneconomical driving
where the driver harshly accelerates the vehicle until road/ traffic
conditions force him to brake sharply (Fig. 21). In suburban areas or on
major arterial routes, there are longer distances between stops. Hence,
uneconomical driving will also be shown as round-topped recordings
above the speed limit.

28

Handling a complex world.

Constant
Speed

Acce
lerat

ion

g ng
in k i
ow ra
Sl ut b
o
th
wi

Braking

Fig. 22

Fig. 23

Assessment of Stop-Start Driving Techniques


Economical stop-start driving entails gradual acceleration to an economical speed, which is
then maintained. Before the next stop, the vehicle is coated in gear as long as possible and
is then braked gradually to a stop (Figs. 22 & 23).

Fig. 22

Fig. 23

Assessment of Stop-Start Driving Techniques


Economical open road driving entails traveling at a uniform speed within the companys or
legal speed limit (whenever is the lower). All fluctuations in speed must be gradual and
there must be no sharp peaks or sharply fluctuating speeds (Fig. 24). Sharply fluctuating
speeds indicate that the vehicle was driven too fast for the prevailing road, load and/or
traffic conditions. Speeds must always be adjusted to these conditions. High speeds on
the open road can increase fuel consumption by as much as 50%, tyre wear by 20% and
the vehicles overall maintenance costs without decreasing the journey time significantly
(Fig. 25).

29

Handling a complex world.

Engine Speed Recordings

1 - Day Models
Engine speed is recorded on the reverse side of a doublesided chart (Fig. 58) by a recording stylus which is fitted
into the door of the road/ engine speed tachograph.
These recordings must be read in an anticlockwise
direction. The engine speed scale that is printed on the
chart is in 500 r/min steps up to 3300 r/min.

Road Speed Recording

Fig.58

8 - Day Models
With these tachographs, the engine speed is recorded
on the same side of the chart as the road speed and
distance recordings (Fig. 59).
This recording replaces the driving and stopped time
recording on the TCO 15/6. The engine speed scale rises
in 500 r/min graduations for the TCO 15/7 - 3300.

Fig.59

30

Handling a complex world.

Analysis of Engine
Speed Recordings
Only diesel-engined vehicles that are supplied with or have provision for an engine speed take-off
can be fitted with road/ engine speed tachographs. Engine speed recordings, together with road
speed recordings, provide a complete picture of driving economy and efficiency.
However, before engine speed recordings can be analysed, the following data must be at hand: - Manufacturers maximum permissible engine speed;
- Companys maximum permissible engine speed if it is lower that the manufacturers;
- Engine speed that produces maximum torque;
- Whether or not the engine is turbo charged
This data can be readily supplied by the vehicle manufacturer or supplier. Once the analyst has this
information, he can then analyse the recordings for the following: -

Engine Warm-up (Cold Start)

1-Day Chart
Correct

Fig.60

31

1-Day Chart
Incorrect

Fig.61

Handling a complex world.

Engine Warm-up (Cold Start)


When a vehicle had been standing over night, some or all of the air pressure in the brake system (if
the vehicle is fitted with air brakes) will br lost. Also, some of the lubricating oil in the engine will
have drained to the sump. Therefore, when a diesel engine is started after an overnight stop, its
speed should not exceed 1000 r/min until oil pressure has built up to normal. The engine should then
be idled until the air pressure has build up sufficiently for the air brakes. This should not take more
than 3 or 4 minutes if the air system is in good condition (Figs. 60 & 61).

Gear change Over revving


Over revving on a gear change normally occurs when a driver does not know the maximum permissible
engine speed of the vehicle or changes into the wrong gear. Even though an engine may be governed,
if the driver changes down too soon, the engine will over rev. Over revving not only wastes fuel but
also results in premature engine failure.

Continuous Over revving


There are two types of continuous over revving. One is where the speed of the engine is constantly in
excess of its maximum limit. The other is where, due to lack of vehicle control on a downhill or as a
result of speeding, the speed of the engine gradually builds up above its maximum limit and
eventually returns to within the limit as speed drops or an upchange id made. This type of over revving
is very serious (Fig. 62 & 63).

1-Day Chart

8-Day Chart
Gear change
Over revving

Continuous
Over revving

Max Speed
2300r/min

Fig.62

32

Max Speed
2500r/min

Fig.63

Handling a complex world.

Labouring/ Lugging
An engine is said to be laboring (lugging or under revving) when it is being run below the engine
speed, which produces maximum torque. However, most modern engines can be lugged down to
200 r/min below maximum torque without any damage being done. Prolonged laboring can be seen
on the chart when the speed of the engine drops for a few minutes below maximum torque and the
corresponding road speed is more than 20 mk/h, this indicates that the driver is using too high a gear.
Laboring wastes fuel and causes damage to the engine and transmission. (Figs. 64 & 65).

1-Day Chart

8-Day Chart

Fig.64

Fig.65

Engine Idling
A diesel engine should not be idled for more than 5 minutes at any one time. Engine idling wastes fuel
(up to 12 liters per hour) and prolonged idling can severely damage the engine (Figs. 66 & 67).

1-Day Chart

8-Day Chart

Fig.66

Fig.67

33

Handling a complex world.

Accident Analysis
The Kienzle Tachograph is a highly sophisticated and accurate speed recording instrument. With the
aid of specially built Stereoscopic Microscopes (Fig. 50) that are fitted with Chart Tables which revolve
at 86 400 seconds for 1-day charts and 93 600 seconds for 8-day charts, together with an adjustable
Guide Line of 3 microns (1 micron = 1 millionth of a meter) cut into a window, the recordings on a Control
Instruments or Kienzle Tachograph Chart can be measured to an accuracy on 1km/h, 1 second in time
and 1 meter of travel.
The microscopic analysis method developed by Kienzle has resulted in Control Instruments Analyses
being accepted as invaluable evidence by all South African Courts up to and including the Appelate
Division of the Supreme Court which is the highest Court in the Land.
The Control Instruments organization pioneered Accident Analysis in South Africa over 30 years ago.
The Control Instruments Accident Analysis Section was the first such department to be established
outside Europe. The Control Instruments Analysis Section is ONLY Analysis Section in Africa, which is
equipped to the E.E.C. Standards.
The Control Instruments Analysts are the most experienced and best trained outside of Europe. This
service, supplied by accredited experts, is available to Control Instruments / Kienzle users.

34

Handling a complex world.

Commercial Target Market

Installation
Accessories
Sealing Equipment

Tachograph/ Diagram Charts


and Diagnostic System

Gearbox Adaptor
Angle Drive
Flexible Drive Cables

Diesel Consumption
Measuring System

Speed Sensor

35

Road Speed
Limiter

Signal Interfacing
Power Converter

CANLink Interface

Handling a complex world.

Commercial Target Market

Fleets

Defense Forces

Body/ Coach Builders

Food Manufacturing Industry

Vehicle Franchise Dealers

Chemical Manufacturing Industry

Construction Companies

Clothing Manufacturing Industry

Special Vehicle Manufactures

Mining

Engineering Companies

Forestry

Fork Lift Agents

Off Road Vehicles

Transport Companies

Plant Hire Equipment

Municipalities

Locomotive Manufacturers

Provincial Authorities

36

Handling a complex world.

Transport Terminology
CAB Configurations
Normal Control

The cab is so located that the driver is situated behind the engine and front wheels (e.g. Motor car
with bonnet).

Forward Control

A cab where the driver is situated either in front of, above or alongside the engine, and ahead of the
front wheels (e.g. Flat fronted trucks).

Semi-Forward Control

A cab where the driver is situated alongside the rear portion of the engine and above the front wheels.

Driveline Configurations

4x2
4x4
6x2
6x4
6x6

Two axles one of which is driven.


Similar to 4 x 2 but with both front and rear axles driven
Three axle vehicle with one axle driven.
Three axle vehicle with two axle driven.
Three axle vehicle with all three axle driven.

Rigid Body Types

Platform body
Dropside body
Enclosed body
Tanker body

- A flat platform with a headboard only.


- A platform body with hinged sides and end which drop down to facilitate loading.
- A body where the load is fully enclosed.
- A body designed to contained liquids, granules or powder.

Trailer Types

Single axle trailer - A semi-trailer with one axle.


Tandem axle trailer - A semi-trailer with two axles forming a bogie.
Tri-axle trailer
- A semi-trailer with three axles forming a bogie.
Drawbar trailer
- An independent load carrying trailer designed to be towed by another vehicle or
a semi- trailer.

Rear Axles

Single speed
Two speed
Overall ratio
Tag axle
Differential
Diff lock

Brakes

Exhaust brake
Retarder

- A gear set with one reduction ratio.


- A gear set giving the driver a choice of two rear axle ratios. It effectively doubles
the number of ratios available from the gearbox.
- The ratio of engine r/min to driving wheel r/min.
- A load carrying axle that is not driven.
- (Diff) A device fitted in the driving axle to permit one wheel to turn faster than the
other when turning corners.
- A device for locking the differential to ensure that both wheels are turned at the
same speed.

- A brake using the engine as a compressor by shutting off the fuel completely and
closing a valve in the exhaust pipe thus making the engine pump a dead end.
- A brake fitted in the driveline operated by a magnetic field or hydraulic pressure.

Other Equipment
Turbo charger
- A pump driven by the exhaust gasses which forces air under pressure into the
Inter-cooler
Power take-off

cylinders thus providing better fuel consumption and more power.


- Air from the turbo charger is cooled by a separate radiator making it more dense
before going into the cylinders. Gives better fuel consumption and more power.
- A device to transmit engine power to ancillary equipment mounted on the vehicle.

37

Handling a complex world.

Transport Terminology
Transmissions

Gear ratio

- The number of teeth on the driving gear divided by the number


of teeth on the driven gear.

Crash box

- A gearbox in which ratios are changed by sliding different gears in and out of
mesh with each other.

Constant mesh

- A gearbox with all gears in mesh at all times. Changes are made by locking or
unlocking one of the gears on its shaft.

Synchromesh

- A gearbox incorporating a mechanical device to match the gear speeds when


changing gears.

Splitter box

- A means of doubling the overall gear ratios available by the use of a two speed
close ratio gearbox fitted behind the main gearbox.

Pre-select

- A gearbox in which a gear can be selected before it is required and brought into
operation when needed by operating a pedal.

Geared Road Speed

Maximum geared road speed is calculated with this formula Engine r/min x 60.
Gearbox ratio x diff ratio x tyre r/km =km/h.

Legal Definitions

Adapter dolly

- A semi-trailer with one or more axles, designed or adapted to be attached between


the truck-tractor and semi-trailer and not to carry any load other than imposed by
the semi-trailer.

Bus-train

- A bus consisting of two sections connected to form a unit, can swivel on a


horizontal plane at the connection between both sections, designed to convey
at least 100 passengers and has a continuous passage way throughout the entire
length.

Converter dolly

- A trailer which has one or more axles and when in combination with a semi-trailer
converts the semi-trailer into a trailer.

Goods vehicle

- A motor vehicle other than a motor cycle, motor tricycle, motor quadru cycle,
motor car, mini-bus or designed or adapted to convey goods on a public road and
includes a track-tractor, mobile crane and breakdown vehicle.

Mini-bus

- A motor vehicle designed to convey more than 9 but not more than 16 persons
including the driver.

Motor car

- A motor designed to carry not more than 9 persons including the driver.

Public road

- Any road declared or recognised as a public road under any law, and includes any
road, street or thoroughfare or any other place (whether a thoroughfare or not) to
which the public or any section of the public has the right of access.

38

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