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EXPERIMENT 6:WATER QUALITY ASSESMENT-SOLID QUATIFICATION

OBJECTIVE:

1.To determine the total solids in the given water sample.


2. To study the use of filtration chamber in determining the total solids in the given water
sample

INTRODUCTION:

Environmental waters may contain a variety of solid or dissolved impurities. In quantifying


levels of these impurities, suspended solids is the term used to describe particles in the water
column.
Practically, they are defined as particles large enough to not pass through the filter used to
separate them from the water. Smaller particles, along with ionic species, are referred to as
dissolved solids. In considering waters for human consumption or other uses, it is important to
know the concentrations of both suspended and dissolved solids. The most common pollutant
in the world is dirt in the form of total suspended solid (TTS)
The term suspended solids referred to materials that cannot be dissolved in water and are nt
filterable in nature.
The enviromental effects of solid have detrimental effects on quality of water since they cause
putrefaction problems.
One of the impications of suspended solid is high concentrations of suspended solids may
settle out onto a streambed or lake bottom and cover aquatic organisms, eggs, or macroinvertebrate larva. This coating can prevent sufficient oxygen transfer and result in the death
of buried organisms.
Another impications is the high concentrations of suspended solids decrease the effectiveness
of drinking water disinfection agents by allowing microorganisms to hide from disinfectants
within solid aggregates.

MATERIALS AND APPARATUS


Drying oven
Analytical balance
Filter membrane and vaccum pump
Whattman filter paper

METHODS
1.For determintaion of SS ,a well mixed sample was filtered through a weighed standard glass
fibre filter papar(0.45 micron) and the residue retained on the filter was dried to a constant
weight 1033 Cto 10 53 C.The increase in weight of the filter paper represents the suspended
solids.
2.The procedure were basd on the following equation
SS=(Fdf-Fd)/V
Where Fdf=The weight of the filter plus dry filtered solid
Fd=The weight of the clean dry filter
V=Volume of sample
3.The dry filter was weight.
4.The filter was put in the filtration chamber and the vaccum pump was started.
5.10-20mL of water sample was poured on the filtration chamber.
6.The water sample was evaporated leaving only the filter.
7.The filter was carefully removed and was placed in weighing container before dried in the
oven at 603 C for 24 hours.
8.The filter was checked after 24 hours by starting weighing it again.
9.The observation was recorded.

RESULTS

Description
Weight of the clean filter
paper
Weight of the filter paper +
residue
Volume of sample

Fd

Weight(g)
0.2086

Fdf

0.2246

V
Total suspended solid (mg/L)=

20mL

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION
Based on the experiment that has been conducted, it can be said that the objectives of the
experiment were successfully acheived as the suspended solid in water sample can be
determined whereas it is

REFERENCES

1.DEGEN, J. & F.E. NUSSBERGER. 1956. Notes on the determination of suspended


solids. Sewage Ind. Wastes 28:237.
2.CHANIN, G., E.H. CHOW, R.B. ALEXANDER & J. POWERS. 1958. Use of glass fiber
filter medium in the suspended solids determination. Sewage Ind. Wastes 30:1062.
3.WYCKOFF, B.M. 1964. Rapid solids determination using glass fiber filters. Water Sewage
Works 111:277.
4.TREES, C.C. 1978. Analytical analysis of the effect of dissolved solids on suspended solids
determination. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 50:2370.
5. https://www.norweco.com/html/lab/test_methods/2540dfp.html

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