Sunteți pe pagina 1din 5

7KH3ULQFLSOHVRIKRYHUFUDIWGHVLJQ

3)LW]3DWULFN+RYHUFUDIW&OXERI*UHDW%ULWDLQ 6(%UDQFK

7KHVLPSOHVWIRUPRIKRYHUFUDIWRUPRUHFRUUHFWO\DLUFXVKLRQYHKLFOH $&9 LVWKHKRYHUVNDWH7KLV


LVDGHYLFHXVHGLQIDFWRULHVIRUPRYLQJKHDY\ORDGV,WLVHVVHQWLDOO\DGLVNRUUHFWDQJOHRIVWHHOZLWKD
VLGHZDOOOLNHDELVFXLWWLQOLG7KH\XVXDOO\KDYHDUXEEHUVHDODURXQGWKHHGJHWRDFFRPPRGDWH
LUUHJXODULWLHVLQWKHIORRUVXUIDFH
$QDLUVXSSO\KRVHLVFRQQHFWHGWRWKHVNDWH7KLVIRUFHVDLULQWRWKHVNDWHDWDSUHVVXUHDSSUR[LPDWHO\
HTXDOWRWKHPDVVWREHPRYHG7KHYROXPHRIDLUVXSSOLHGPXVWEHVXIILFLHQWWRRYHUFRPHWKHDLUORVW
DURXQGWKHHGJHRIWKHVNDWHZKHQLWLVKRYHULQJ
(J$ORDGRI.JPXVWEHPRYHGXVLQJVNDWHV(DFKZLOOQHHGWROLIW.J

,IHDFKVNDWHPHDVXUHVPP[PPWKHDUHDRIWKHVNDWHLVPVTWKHDLUSUHVVXUH FXVKLRQ
SUHVVXUH UHTXLUHGWROLIWWKHPDVVLVWKHUHIRU.JPVT .SDVFDOVRUSVL
&XVKLRQSUHVVXUH 

7RWDOZHLJKWRIVNDWHDQGORDG
DUHDRIFXVKLRQ

1RWHLQWKHH[DPSOHDERYHWKHZHLJKWRIWKHVNDWHLQFRPSDULVRQZLWKWKHORDGLVQHJOLJLEOHDQG
KDVEHHQLJQRUHG,QKRYHUFUDIWERWKFUDIWDQGSD\ORDGPXVWEHFRQVLGHUHG
7KHHGJHRIWKHVTXDUHVNDWHXQGHUZKLFKDLUFDQHVFDSHZKHQWKHSUHVVXUHOLIWVWKHVNDWHZLOOEH[
PP LHPWUV

$VVXPLQJWKDWWKHVNDWHLVGHVLJQHGWRKRYHUMXVWPP KRYHUJDS RIIWKHIORRUWKHWRWDODUHDWKURXJK


ZKLFKWKHDLUZLOOHVFDSH $H LV [ PVTRUPVT
7RFDOFXODWHWKHYROXPHRIDLUSDVVLQJWKURXJKWKHKRYHUJDSZHQHHGWRFRQVLGHUVRPHEDVLF
SULQFLSOHVRIDLUPRYHPHQW
'HILQLWLRQRI3UHVVXUH

$WPRVSKHULFDLUH[SHULHQFHVDSUHVVXUHIURPWKHZHLJKWRIDLUDERYHLW$WVHDOHYHOWKLVLV%DURU
3DVFDOV 3D $LUEORZQLQWRDFKLOGVEDOORRQLVGHVFULEHGDVEHLQJXQGHUSUHVVXUHDQGLV
OLNHO\WREHRQO\DOLWWOHDERYHDWPRVSKHULFSUHVVXUHSHUKDSVSDVFDOV7KHWHUP3UHVVXUH
ZLWKRXWTXDOLILFDWLRQGHVFULEHVERWKWKHDLURXWVLGHWKHEDOORRQ 3R 3D DQGWKHDLULQVLGH
WKHEDOORRQ 3D 3D 7KLVIRUPRISUHVVXUHFDQEHSDUWLFXODULVHGDVDEVROXWHSUHVVXUH
6WDWLF3UHVVXUH3V

3V 3D3R

9HORFLW\3UHVVXUH3Y

3Y UY

)RUWKHSXUSRVHRIIDQDQGDLUPRYHPHQWHQJLQHHULQJVWDWLFSUHVVXUHFDQEHFRQVLGHUHGDVWKH
GLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHDEVROXWHSUHVVXUHRIWKHSRLQWXQGHUFRQVLGHUDWLRQDQGDWPRVSKHULFSUHVVXUH,Q
WKHFDVHRIWKHEDOORRQWKHVWDWLFSUHVVXUHZRXOGEHWKHDEVROXWHSUHVVXUHLQVLGHDWPRVSKHULFSUHVVXUH
RXWVLGHRU 3D6WDWLFSUHVVXUHLVSRVLWLYHZKHQDERYHDWPRVSKHULFSUHVVXUH
DQGQHJDWLYHZKHQEHORZ

3DJH1R

:KHUHU 5KR  WKHGHQVLW\RIDLULQ.JPVTDWVHDOHYHODQGY YHORFLW\RIDLULQPVHF

:KHQZLQGH[HUWVDIRUFHRQDQREMHFW HJDURXQGFKLPQH\ WKHSUHVVXUHRQWKHZLQGZDUGVLGHLV


JUHDWHUWKDQWKDWRQWKHRSSRVLWHVLGH7KHZLQGZLOOIORZDURXQGERWKVLGHVRIWKHREMHFW$WWKHSRLQW
ZKHUHWKHIORZVVHSDUDWHWKHUHLVDSRLQWZKHUHWKHYHORFLW\LV]HUR7KLVLVFDOOHGWKHVWDJQDWLRQSRLQW
)URPWKHYHORFLW\SUHVVXUHIRUPXODDERYHLWZLOOEHVHHQWKDWLIY WKHQ3Y 
7RWDO3UHVVXUH 3W

3W 3V3Y

$VWKHZLQGLVIORZLQJWKURXJKWKHDWPRVSKHUHZLWKRXWH[HUWLQJIRUFHRQDQ\WKLQJWKHVWDWLFSUHVVXUH
ZLOOEH]HUR7KHZLQGKRZHYHUKDVYHORFLW\DQGWKHUHIRUDYHORFLW\SUHVVXUH:KHQLWPHHWVDQREMHFW
DVDERYHDWWKHVWDJQDWLRQSRLQWZKHUHWKHYHORFLW\SUHVVXUHIDOOVWR]HURWKHVWDWLFSUHVVXUHZLOOULVHWR
HTXDOWKHYDOXHRIWKHYHORFLW\SUHVVXUHWKHUHE\H[HUWLQJDIRUFHRQWKHREMHFW9HORFLW\SUHVVXUHLV
DOZD\VSRVLWLYH

7KHVHSULQFLSOHVDUHDOVRWUXHIRUDLUIORZLQJLQDGXFW'XHWRIULFWLRQWKHGXFWRIIHUVDUHVLVWDQFHWRWKH
IORZRIDLUDQGWKHDLUH[HUWVDVWDWLFSUHVVXUHRQWKHZDOOVRIWKHGXFW%HFDXVHWKHDLULVIORZLQJ
WKURXJKWKHGXFWLWDOVRKDVYHORFLW\SUHVVXUH,QDGXFWHGDLUV\VWHPWKHIDQLPSDUWVDWRWDOSUHVVXUH
3W ULVHZKLFKLVWKHQFRQVWDQWWKURXJKRXWWKHV\VWHP$V3W 3V3YDQ\FKDQJHLQ3VUHVXOWVLQDQ
RSSRVLWH FKDQJHLQ3Y:KHQWKHDLUOHDYHVWKHHQGRIWKHGXFWLWKDVRQO\YHORFLW\SUHVVXUHZKLFKLV
HTXDOWRWKHWRWDOSUHVVXUHLHWKHVWDWLFSUHVVXUHIDOOVWR]HUR
$SSO\LQJWKLVWRWKHRULJLQDOH[DPSOHRIWKHKRYHUVNDWH

7KH&XVKLRQSUHVVXUH 3F LV3DVFDOV7KLVLVDVWDWLFSUHVVXUHH[HUWHGRQWKHIORRUDQGZDOOVRI
WKHSOHQXPIRUPHGXQGHUWKHVNDWH
6R3V 3DKHQFH
(T$ 3W 3Y
ZKHUHWKHVXIIL[UHSUHVHQWVWKHFRQGLWLRQVZLWKLQWKHFXVKLRQ

:KHQWKHDLUOHDYHVWKHFXVKLRQ
(T% 3W 3V
:KHUHWKHVXIIL[UHSUHVHQWVWKHFRQGLWLRQVRXWVLGHWKHFXVKLRQ

$VVWDWHGDERYHZKHQWKHDLUOHDYHVWKHV\VWHPDOORIWKHVWDWLFSUHVVXUHLVFRQYHUWHGWRYHORFLW\
SUHVVXUH
6RHTXDWLRQ%FDQEHUHZULWWHQDV (T& 3W 3DDQG
7RW3UHVV 9HO3UHVV
(TXDWLRQ$FDQEHUHZULWWHQDV
(T' 3W 3D
7RW3UHVV 6WDW3UHVV

7KLVLJQRUHVDQ\YHORFLW\SUHVVXUHZLWKLQWKHSOHQXPEXWDVWKLVWHQGVWREHYHU\ORZLQFRPSDULVRQ
ZLWKWKHFXVKLRQRUVWDWLFSUHVVXUHQHJOHFWLQJLWPDNHVYHU\OLWWOHGLIIHUHQFHWRWKHILQDOFDOFXODWLRQ
.QRZLQJWKDW9HORFLW\SUHVVXUH 3Y  U9

:HFDQUHZULWHHTXDWLRQV%DQG&WRIRUP  9
$QGWUDQVSRVHWRDUULYHDW 9

 


PWUVHF

9H

 3F
U

7KLVLVWKHHVFDSHYHORFLW\ 9H RIWKHDLUZKHUHLWHVFDSHVWKURXJKWKHKRYHUJDSDWDJLYHQFXVKLRQ
3UHVVXUH 3F
3DJH1R

7KH9ROXPHRIDLUORVW 9RO  (VFDSH9HORFLW\ 9H  (VFDSH$UHD $H


9RO

0VHF

0VHF

0

6RHDFKVNDWHUHTXLUHV0VHFRIDLUDW3D

7KHFDOFXODWLRQVDERYHDUHEDVHGRQLGHDODLUIORZ7KH\KDYHEHHQVLPSOLILHGDQGWDNHQR
DFFRXQWRIWXUEXOHQWDLUIORZIULFWLRQDOORVVHVRUYDULDWLRQVLQDLUGHQVLW\7KHILQDOFRQFOXVLRQV
ZLOOWKHUHIRUUHQGHUDQVZHUVVOLJKWO\KLJKHUWKDQZRXOGEHH[SHFWHGLQUHDOVLWXDWLRQV
+29(5&5$)7

7KHSULQFLSOHVDERYHDUHDVWUXHIRUKRYHUFUDIWDVIRUWKHVNDWH%XWGXHWRWKHG\QDPLFQDWXUHRID
KRYHUFUDIWPRUHWKLQJVQHHGWREHFRQVLGHUHGLQWKHGHVLJQ
$VDERYHWRFDOFXODWHWKHFXVKLRQSUHVVXUHDQGYROXPHRIDLUUHTXLUHGLWLVQHFHVVDU\WRNQRZ
 WKHFUDIWZHLJKW
 WKHGHVLJQSD\ORDG
 WKHOHQJWKRIWKHFRQWDFWSRLQWRIWKHVNLUW SHULPHWHUOHQJWKRIFXVKLRQIRRWSULQW
 WKHDUHDRIWKHFXVKLRQIRRWSULQW

+RYHUFUDIWDUHXVXDOO\SRZHUHGE\SURSHOOHUVRUIDQV:KHUHLQGHSHQGHQWGULYHQIDQVDUHXVHGIRUOLIW
DQGWKUXVWWKHFDOFXODWLRQVDUHVLPSOHUEHFDXVHWKHOLIWIDQFDQEHVHWWRUXQDWDFRQVWDQWVSHHG DQG
DLUIORZ IRUJLYHQRSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQV2QVXFKDFUDIWVRPHDOORZDQFHPXVWEHPDGHIRUYDULDWLRQVLQ
RSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQV
$VWKHFXVKLRQSUHVVXUHLVVHOHFWHGWRRIIVHWWKHWRWDOFUDIWZHLJKWDQGWKHUHE\SURYLGHOLIWDQ\FKDQJH
LQFUDIWZHLJKWRUSD\ORDGZLOOUHTXLUHDFKDQJHLQFXVKLRQSUHVVXUH$Q\FKDQJHLQKRYHUJDSZLOO
UHVXOWLQDYDULDWLRQRIDLUYROXPHUHTXLUHGWRPDLQWDLQWKHFXVKLRQ,QSUDFWLFHWKLVYDULDWLRQRFFXUV
ZLWKWKHFKDQJHLQVXUIDFHVRYHUZKLFKWKHFUDIWLVWUDYHOOLQJ$VDFRQVHTXHQFHLWLVQHFHVVDU\IRUWKH
OLIWIDQVHOHFWHGWRVXSSO\VXIILFLHQWSUHVVXUHDQGYROXPHLQWKHVHGLIIHUHQWFRQGLWLRQV7KLVDELOLW\LV
GHSHQGHQWRQWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHIDQVHOHFWHGDQGWKHURWDWLRQDOVSHHGDWZKLFKLWLVXVHG

:KHUHDQLQWHJUDWHGV\VWHPLVXVHGKDYLQJMXVWRQHGULYHQIDQXVHGWRVXSSO\ERWKOLIWDQGWKUXVWWKH
SUREOHPEHFRPHVPRUHFRPSOH[,WLVJHQHUDOO\UHTXLUHGWKDWWKHWKUXVWLVDGMXVWDEOHXVXDOO\E\
WKURWWOLQJWKHGULYHHQJLQH7KLVLQHYLWDEO\PHDQVWKDWWKHOLIWDLULVWKURWWOHGDWWKHVDPHWLPH,W
WKHUHIRUEHFRPHVQHFHVVDU\WREDODQFHWKHOLIWV\VWHPVXFKWKDWIXOOOLIWLVDFTXLUHGDWOHVVWKDQIXOOUHYV
RIWKHHQJLQH7KLVDOORZVSDUWWKURWWOHPDQRHXYULQJIRUWXUQLQJHWFZLWKRXWORVLQJOLIWDQGJDLQLQJWRR
PXFKGUDJIURPWKHVNLUW7KHLQHYLWDEOHFRQVHTXHQFHLVWKDWDWPD[LPXPHQJLQHVSHHGPRUHOLIWDLU
WKDQLVDFWXDOO\UHTXLUHGLVEHLQJVXSSOLHGWRWKHFXVKLRQZLWKDQDVVRFLDWHGZDVWHRISRZHU
3UHVVXUHVLQD'XFWHG)DQ6\VWHP

)LJLOOXVWUDWHVPRVWRIWKHGHILQLWLRQVRISUHVVXUHZKLFKKDYHMXVWEHHQGLVFXVVHG7KHKHDY\OLQHV
6DQG7IROORZWKHFKDQJHVRIVWDWLFSUHVVXUHDQGWRWDOSUHVVXUHUHVSHFWLYHO\IURPLQOHWWRRXWOHW3R LV
WKHDWPRVSKHULFSUHVVXUHDQG3 WKHDEVROXWHSUHVVXUHLQWKHGXFWERWKPHDVXUHGIURPDQDEVROXWH]HUR
IDUEHORZWKHERWWRPRIWKHSDJH7KHRWKHUTXDQWLWLHVFDQEHLGHQWLILHGE\WKHDUURZVRQWKHGLDJUDP
DV
3DJH1R

3V 33R

3Y U9

3W 3V 3Y

:RRGVSUDFWLFDOJXLGHWRIDQHQJLQHHULQJ

)LJ

)ROORZLQJWKHOHWWHUHGVWDJHVWKURXJKWKHV\VWHPZLWKUHIHUHQFHWRWKHILJQXPEHUVZKHUH
QXPHULFDOGDWDZLOOEHIRXQG
D

E

FH
G

$LUYHORFLW\LQFUHDVHVIURP]HURLQWKHIUHHDWPRVSKHUHWRZDUGVWKHGXFWHQWU\7KHUHLVQR
ORVVVR3W LVFRQVWDQWDWWKHIUHHDWPRVSKHUH]HURYDOXH$V9LQFUHDVHV3V IDOOVZLWK
U9

6PDOOGURSLQ3W FRUUHVSRQGLQJWRHQWU\ORVV
3W IDOOVJUDGXDOO\DWIULFWLRQJUDGLHQW
3Y LVFRQVWDQWDQG3V 3W 3Y

3W ULVHVE\WKHIDQWRWDOSUHVVXUH,QWKHGLDJUDP3V ULVHVE\WKHVDPHDPRXQWEXWWKLVLVRQO\
EHFDXVHLQOHWDQGRXWOHWDUHDVDUHHTXDOLQWKHFDVHLOOXVWUDWHG1RWHWKDWWKHFKDQJHLQ3V LV
QHYHUHTXDOWRWKHIDQVWDWLFSUHVVXUH
3DJH1R

I

K
M
N

P

Q

:KHQWKHGXFWDUHDLVVXGGHQO\HQODUJHG3W ZLOOIDOOFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHORVVRIHQHUJ\7KH
QRPLQDOIDOOLVVKDUSDVVKRZQE\WKHIXOOOLQH7KHEURNHQOLQHLOOXVWUDWHVWKHOHQJWKZD\V
GLVWULEXWLRQRIHQHUJ\ORVVZKLFKLQIDFWRFFXUV3VZLOOULVHVKDUSO\ERWKQRPLQDOO\DQG
DFWXDOO\DVPHDVXUHGE\WKHZDOOSUHVVXUH7KLVVWDWLFSUHVVXUHUHJDLQDULVHVEHFDXVHWKH
ZKROHRIWKHGURSLQNLQHWLFHQHUJ\IURPHWRJLVQRWORVW
7KHGURSLQ3W KHUHUHSUHVHQWVXVHIXOZRUNWKDWKDVEHHQGRQHLQRYHUFRPLQJWKHIORZ
UHVLVWDQFHRIDQHFHVVDU\HOHPHQWLQWKHV\VWHPIRUH[DPSOHDKHDWHUEDWWHU\3V GURSVE\WKH
VDPHDPRXQWEHFDXVH9JKDVWKHVDPHORZYDOXHERWKDSSURDFKLQJDQGOHDYLQJWKHEDWWHU\

7KHDLULVDFFHOHUDWHGZLWKOLWWOHORVVRI3W EXWZLWKDODUJHIDOOLQ3VFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHODUJH
ULVHLQ3Y WRU9N
3W DQG3V IDOOZLWKSUHVVXUHJUDGLHQWFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHYHORFLW\LQGXFWNZKLFKLVJUHDWHU
WKDQWKDWLQGXFWF

7KHJUDGXDOLQFUHDVHRIGXFWDUHDLVDFFRPSDQLHGE\DPRGHUDWHHQHUJ\ORVVDQGGURSLQ3W
WRJHWKHUZLWKDVXEVWDQWLDOVWDWLFSUHVVXUHUHJDLQLQ3V DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHODUJHGURSLQ9
7KLVLVDQH[DPSOHRIDGLIIXVHUGHOLEHUDWHO\LQVHUWHGWRLPSURYHWKHHIILFLHQF\RIWKHV\VWHP

$WDQ\V\VWHPRXWOHWWRWKHIUHHDWPRVSKHUHWKHZKROHRIWKHNLQHWLFHQHUJ\RIWKHIORZZLOOEH
ORVW7KXVLQFRQWUDGLVWLQFWLRQWRWKHLQOHWDZKHUH3V IHOODQG3W UHPDLQHG]HURDWDQRXWOHW3W
ZLOOIDOOIURPLWVYDOXHMXVWEHIRUHWKHRXWOHWWR]HURZKLOH3V ZLOOUHDFK]HUREHIRUHGLVFKDUJHDW
PDQGUHPDLQ]HUR
7KHEURNHQOLQHDJDLQGLVWLQJXLVKHVWKHDFWXDOORVVRIHQHUJ\DORQJWKHRXWOHWMHWIURPWKHVKDUS
IDOOLQQRPLQDO3W DWP

$VFDQEHVHHQIURPWKHGHVFULSWLRQDERYHDQLGHDOGXFWLVRQHZKHUHQRHQHUJ\LVORVWE\WKHDLUDIWHU
LWVHQHUJ\OHYHOLVUDLVHGE\WKHDFWLRQRIWKHIDQH[FHSWZKHQWKHHQHUJ\LVXVHGWRGRXVHIXOZRUN

7KLVLVRIFRXUVHLPSRVVLEOHDVORVVHVRFFXUGXHWRIULFWLRQFKDQJHRIGXFWVL]HDQGVKDSH EHQGVHWF
)RUSUDFWLFDOSXUSRVHVWKHEHVWGHVLJQRIGXFWLVRQHZKLFKXVHVWKHVHEDVLFSULQFLSOHVWRPLQLPLVHDOO
ORVVHVDQGXVHVDOPRVWDOORIWKHHQHUJ\DYDLODEOHIURPWKHIDQWRGRWKHXVHIXOZRUN
7KLVUHTXLUHVWKDW





7KHPRVWVXLWDEOHVL]HVRIGXFWVDUHFKRVHQDWWKHGHVLJQVWDJH
&KDQJHVRIVKDSHDUHNHSWWRDPLQLPXPDQGZKHUHQHFHVVDU\DUHJUDGXDO
$OOEHQGVDQGRWKHUHOHPHQWVDUHGHVLJQHGWRPLQLPLVHIULFWLRQWXUEXOHQFHDQGFKDQJHVLQ
VWDWLFSUHVVXUH
7KHWRWDOSUHVVXUHDYDLODEOHDWHDFKSRLQWZLWKLQWKHV\VWHPLVXWLOLVHGE\NHHSLQJFRQWURORIWKH
ERWKVWDWLFDQGYHORFLW\SUHVVXUHVZLWKLQWKHGHVLJQ

%LEOLRJUDSK\

:RRGV3UDFWLFDO*XLGHWR)DQ(QJLQHHULQJ%%'DO\
)DQV2VERXUQH3HUJDPRQ3UHVV2[IRUG
+RPHEXLOW+RYHUFUDIW)OLJKW,QWHUQDWLRQDO6XSSOHPHQW

3DJH1R

S-ar putea să vă placă și