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Belgium
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Belgium,officiallytheKingdomofBelgium,isafederalstateinWesternEurope.Itisafounding
memberoftheEuropeanUnion.IthastheheadquartersoftheEuropeanUnion,NATOandsomeother
famousorganisations.ThecapitalcityofBelgiumisBrussels.Belgiumhasanareaof30,528square
kilometres(11,787sqmi).Thereareabout11millionpeople.
TherearethreeregionsinBelgium:Flanders(wheretheFlemishspeakDutch)inthenorthernhalfof
Belgium,Wallonia(wheremostpeoplespeakFrench)inthesouthernhalfandtheBrusselsCapital
Regioninthemiddle(whereFrenchismostlyspoken,withsomeDutch).

KingdomofBelgium
KoninkrijkBelgi(Dutch)
RoyaumedeBelgique(French)
KnigreichBelgien(German)

Thepopulationisabout60%Dutchspeaking(Flemishpeople),39%Frenchspeaking(Walloons)and
1%Germanspeaking(socalledDeutschbelgier)ontheborderwithGermany.Tolookafterthese
groups,Belgiumhasacomplicatedsystemofgovernment.
Flag

Coatofarms

Motto:Eendrachtmaaktmacht (Dutch)
L'unionfaitlaforce (French)
Einigkeitmachtstark (German)

Contents
1 History
2 GovernmentandPolitics
3 Geography
3.1 Provinces
4 Military
5 Scienceandtechnology
6 Culture
6.1 Finearts
6.2 Cuisine
6.3 Sports
7 Otherpages
8 References
9 Otherwebsites

"StrengththroughUnity"(lit."Unitymakesstrength")

Anthem:The"Brabanonne"
instrumentalversion:
MENU

0:00

History

Locationof Belgium( darkgreen )

Thename'Belgium'comesfromGalliaBelgica.Thiswasa
RomanprovinceinthenorthernmostpartofGaul.Before
Romaninvasionin100BC,theBelgae,amixofCelticand
Germanicpeoples,livedthere.[5]TheGermanicFrankish
tribesduringthe5thcenturybroughttheareaundertheruleof
theMerovingiankings.Aslowshiftofpowerduringthe8th
centuryledthekingdomoftheFrankstochangeintothe
CarolingianEmpire.[6]TheTreatyofVerdunin843divided
theregionintoMiddleandWestFrancia.Theywerevassals
eitheroftheKingofFranceoroftheHolyRomanEmperor.[6]
ManyofthesefiefdomswereunitedintheBurgundian
Netherlandsofthe14thand15thcenturies.[7]
TheSeventeenProvinces(orange,
brownandyellowareas)andthe
BishopricofLige(green)

TheEightyYears'War(15681648)dividedtheLow
CountriesintothenorthernUnitedProvincesandtheSouthern
Netherlands.SouthernNetherlandswereruledbytheSpanish
andtheAustrianHabsburgs.Thismadeupmostofmodern

Belgium.
Afterthecampaignsof1794intheFrenchRevolutionaryWars,theLow
CountrieswereaddedintotheFrenchFirstRepublic.ThisendedAustrian
ruleinthearea.AddingbacktheLowCountriesformedtheUnited
KingdomoftheNetherlands.ThishappenedattheendoftheFirstFrench
Empirein1815.
TheBelgianRevolutionwasin1830.[8]LeopoldIbecamekingon
21July1831.ThisisnowcelebratedasBelgium'sNationalDay.[9]
TheBerlinConferenceof1885gavecontroloftheCongoFreeStateto
KingLeopoldII.Thiswasforhimpersonallyandnotforthecountryof
Belgium.Startinginabout1900manypeopledidnotlikehowhetreated
theCongolesepeople.In1908theBelgianstatetookcontrolofthe
colony.ItwasthencalledtheBelgianCongo.[10]
PhilippeofBelgium,
currentKing.

[ Legend]

Capital

5051N421E

Largestmetropolitan
area

Brussels

Officiallanguages

Dutch
French
German

Ethnicgroups

seeDemographics

Demonym

Belgian

Government

Federalparliamentary
democracyand
Constitutional
monarchy[1]
Philippe
CharlesMichel

King
PrimeMinister
Legislature
Upperhouse
Lowerhouse
Independence
Declared
fromtheNetherlands
Recognised
Area
Total
Water(%)
Population
2011estimate
2001census
Density
GDP(PPP)
Total

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium

Brussels

FederalParliament
Senate
Chamberof
Representatives
4October1830
19April1839
30,528km2(139th)
11,787sqmi
6.4
11,007,020[1](76th)
10,296,350
354.7/km2(33rd)
918.6/sqmi
2010estimate
$394.346billion[2]
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GermanyinvadedBelgiumin1914.ThiswaspartofWorld
WarI.Theopeningmonthsofthewarwereverybadin
Belgium.DuringthewarBelgiumtookovertheofRuanda
Urundi(moderndayRwandaandBurundi).AftertheFirst
WorldWar,thePrussiandistrictsofEupenandMalmedywere
addedintoBelgiumin1925.Thecountrywasagaininvaded
byGermanyin1940andunderGermancontroluntil1944.
AfterWorldWarII,thepeoplemadekingLeopoldIIIleavehis
thronein1951.Thisisbecausetheythoughthehelpedthe
EpisodeoftheBelgianRevolutionof1830 Germans.
(1834),
byEgideCharlesGustaveWappers,
MuseumofAncientArt,Brussels

In1960theBelgianCongostoppedbeingunderBelgian
rule.[11]TwoyearslaterRuandaUrundialsobecamefree.
BelgiumjoinedNATOasafoundingmember.

GovernmentandPolitics
Belgiumhasasystemofgovernmentknownasaconstitutionalmonarchy,meaningthatithasa
monarch,butthatthemonarchdoesnotrulethecountry,andthatagovernmentiselected
democratically.

Percapita

$36,100[2]

GDP(nominal)
Total
Percapita

2010estimate
$465.676billion[2]
$42,630[2]

Gini(2005)

28[3]
low

HDI(2010)

0.867[4]
veryhigh18th

Currency

Euro()1(EUR)

Timezone
Summer(DST)

CET(UTC+1)
CEST(UTC+2)

Drivesonthe

right

Callingcode

32

InternetTLD

.be2

1. Before1999:Belgianfranc(BEF).
2. The.eudomainisalsoused,asitissharedwithother

EuropeanUnionmemberstates.

Belgiumhashaditsownmonarchysince1831.KingAlbertIIleftthethroneonJuly21,2013andthe
currentkingisPhilippe.
InBelgium,thegovernmentiselected.Betweenmid2010andlate2011,afternoclearresultintheelection,Belgiumhadnoofficialgovernment,until
ElioDiRupobecamePrimeMinister.FlandersandWalloniabothalsohavetheirownregionalgovernments,andthereisanotableindependence
movementinFlanders.CharlesMicheliscurrentlythePrimeMinister.

Geography
Seealso:ListofcitiesinBelgium
BelgiumisnexttoFrance,Germany,LuxembourgandtheNetherlands.Itstotalareais33,990squarekilometers.Thelandareaaloneis30,528km.
Belgiumhasthreemaingeographicalregions.Thecoastalplainisinthenorthwest.ThecentralplateauarepartoftheAngloBelgianBasin.The
Ardennesuplandsareinthesoutheast.TheParisBasinreachesasmallfourthareaatBelgium'ssouthernmosttip,BelgianLorraine.
Thecoastalplainismostlysanddunesandpolders.Furtherinlandisasmooth,slowlyrisinglandscape.Therearefertilevalleys.Thehillshavemany
forests.TheplateausoftheArdennesaremoreroughandrocky.Theyhavecavesandsmall,narrowvalleys.SignaldeBotrangeisthecountry'shighest
pointat694metres(2,277ft).

Provinces
BelgiumisdividedintothreeRegions.FlandersandWalloniaaredividedintoprovinces.ThethirdRegion,Brusselsisnotpartofanyprovince.

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium

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Province
Antwerp

BelgiumSimpleEnglishWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Dutchname
Antwerpen

Frenchname

Capital

Largestcity

Area
(km)

Population

Anvers

Antwerp
Antwerp
(Dutch:Antwerpen) (Dutch:Antwerpen)
(French:Anvers)
(French:Anvers)

2,860

1,682,683

Ghent
(Dutch:Gent)
(French:Gand)

2,982

1,389,199

EastFlanders

OostVlaanderen

FlandreOrientale

Ghent
(Dutch:Gent)
(French:Gand)

FlemishBrabant

VlaamsBrabant

Brabantflamand

Leuven
(French:Louvain)

Leuven
(French:Louvain)

2,106

1,037,786

Hainaut

Henegouwen

Hainaut

Mons
(Dutch:Bergen)

Charleroi

3,800

1,294,844

Lige

Luik

Lige

Lige
(Dutch:Luik)
(German:Lttich)

Lige
(Dutch:Luik)
(German:Lttich)

3,844

1,047,414

Limburg

Limburg

Limbourg

Hasselt

Hasselt

2,414

805,786

Bastogne
(Dutch:Bastenaken)
(German:
Bastenach)

4,443

261,178

Luxembourg

Luxemburg

Luxembourg

Arlon
(Dutch:Aarlen)
(German:Arel)

Namur

Namen

Namur

Namur
(Dutch:Namen)

Namur
(Dutch:Namen)

3,664

461,983

WaalsBrabant

Brabantwallon

Wavre
(Dutch:Waver)

Brainel'Alleud
(Dutch:
Eigenbrakel)

1,093

370,460

WestVlaanderen

Flandre
Occidentale

Bruges
(Dutch:Brugge)
(French:Bruges)

Bruges
(Dutch:Brugge)
(French:Bruges)

3,151

1,130,040

WalloonBrabant

WestFlanders

Military
TheBelgianArmedForceshaveabout46,000activetroops.In2009theyearlydefencebudgetwas$6billion.[12]Therearefourparts:BelgianLand
Component,ortheArmyBelgianAirComponent,ortheAirForceBelgianNavalComponent,ortheNavyBelgianMedicalComponent.

Scienceandtechnology
Addingtoscienceandtechnologyhashappenedthroughoutthecountry'shistory.cartographerGerardusMercator,
anatomistAndreasVesalius,herbalistRembertDodoens[13][14][15][16]andmathematicianSimonStevinareamongthe
mostinfluentialscientists.[17]
ChemistErnestSolvay[18]andengineerZenobeGramme[19]gavetheirnamestotheSolvayprocessandtheGramme
dynamointhe1860s.Bakelitewasformedin19071909byLeoBaekeland.Amajoradditiontosciencewasalsodueto
aBelgian,GeorgesLematre.HeistheonewhomadetheBigBangtheoryofthestartoftheuniversein1927.[20]
ThreeNobelPrizesinPhysiologyorMedicinewereawardedtoBelgians:JulesBordetin1919,CorneilleHeymansin
1938andAlbertClaudetogetherwithChristianDeDuvein1974.IlyaPrigoginewasawardedtheNobelPrizein
Chemistryin1977.[21]TwoBelgianmathematicianshavebeenawardedtheFieldsMedal:PierreDelignein1978and
JeanBourgainin1994.[22][23]
GerardusMercator

InFebruary2014,Belgiumbecamethefirstcountryintheworldtolegalizeeuthanasiawithoutanyagelimits.[24]

Culture
Finearts
Therehavebeenmanyadditionstopaintingandarchitecture.Severalexamplesofmajorarchitecturalplacesin
BelgiumbelongtoUNESCO'sWorldHeritageList.[25]Inthe15thcenturythereligiouspaintingsofJanvan
EyckandRogiervanderWeydenwereimportant.The16thcenturyhadmorestylessuchasPeterBreughel's
landscapepaintingsandLambertLombard'sshowingoftheantique.[26]ThestyleofPeterPaulRubensand
AnthonyvanDyckwasstrongintheearly17thcenturyintheSouthernNetherlands.[27]
Duringthe19thand20thcenturiesmanyoriginalromantic,expressionistandsurrealistBelgianpaintersstarted.
TheseincludeJamesEnsorandotherartistsintheLesXXgroup,ConstantPermeke,PaulDelvauxandRen
Magritte.ThesculptorPanamarenkoisstillaremarkablefigureincontemporaryart.[28][29]TheartistJanFabre
andthepainterLucTuymansareotherinternationallyknownfiguresincontemporaryart.
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium

TheGhentAltarpiece:TheAdoration
oftheMysticLamb(insideview),
painted1432byvanEyck
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Belgiancontributionstoarchitecturewerealsointhe19thand20thcenturies.VictorHortaandHenryvandeVeldeweremajorstartersoftheArt
Nouveaustyle.[30][31]
Inthe19thand20thcenturies,thereweremajorviolinists,suchasHenriVieuxtemps,EugneYsaeandArthurGrumiaux.AdolpheSaxinventedthe
saxophonein1846.ThecomposerCsarFranckwasborninLigein1822.NewermusicinBelgiumisalsofamous.JazzmusicianTootsThielemans
andsingerJacquesBrelhavemadeglobalfame.Inrock/popmusic,Telex,Front242,K'sChoice,Hooverphonic,ZapMama,SoulwaxanddEUSare
wellknown.Intheheavymetalscene,bandslikeMachiavel,ChannelZeroandEnthronedhaveaworldwidefanbase.[32]
Belgiumhasseveralwellknownauthors,includingthepoetEmileVerhaerenandnovelistsHendrikConscience,GeorgesSimenon,SuzanneLilarand
AmlieNothomb.ThepoetandplaywrightMauriceMaeterlinckwontheNobelPrizeinliteraturein1911.TheAdventuresofTintinbyHergisthebest
knownofFrancoBelgiancomics.Manyothermajorauthors,includingPeyo,AndrFranquin,EdgarP.JacobsandWillyVandersteenbroughtthe
Belgiancartoonstripindustryaworldwidefame.[33]
BelgiancinemahasbroughtanumberofmainlyFlemishnovelstolifeonscreen.BelgiandirectorsincludeAndrDelvaux,StijnConinx,LucandJean
PierreDardenne.WellknownactorsincludeJanDecleirandMarieGillain.SuccessfulfilmsincludeManBitesDogandTheAlzheimerAffair.[34]

Cuisine
Belgiumisfamousforbeer,chocolate,wafflesandfrenchfries.FrenchfrieswerefirstmadeinBelgium.Thenational
dishesare"steakandfrieswithsalad",and"musselswithfries".[35]OtherlocalfastfooddishesincludeaMitraillette.
BrandsofBelgianchocolateandpralines,likeCted'Or,Guylian,Neuhaus,Leonidas,CornandGallerarefamous.[36]
Belgiummakesover1100varietiesofbeer.[37][38]TheTrappistbeeroftheAbbeyofWestvleterenhasrepeatedlybeen
ratedtheworld'sbestbeer.[39][40]ThebiggestbrewerintheworldbyvolumeisAnheuserBuschInBev,basedin
Leuven.[41]

Sports
Sincethe1970s,sportsclubsareorganisedseparatelybyeachlanguage
community.[42]Associationfootballisoneofthemostpopularsportsinboth
partsofBelgium,togetherwithcycling,tennis,swimmingandjudo.[43]Withfive
victoriesintheTourdeFranceandmanyothercyclingrecords,BelgianEddy
Brusselswaffles,commonly
[44]
Merckxissaidtobeoneofthegreatestcyclistsofalltime. JeanMariePfaff,a
knownasBelgianwaffles
formerBelgiangoalkeeper,issaidtobeoneofthegreatestinthehistoryof
outsideofBelgium
[45]
football(soccer). BelgiumandTheNetherlandshostedtheUEFAEuropean
FootballChampionshipin2000.Belgiumhostedthe1972EuropeanFootballChampionships.
KimClijstersandJustineHeninbothwerePlayeroftheYearintheWomen'sTennisAssociation.TheSpa
FrancorchampsmotorracingcircuithoststheFormulaOneWorldChampionshipBelgianGrandPrix.The
KimClijsterswasWTAPlayerofthe
Belgiandriver,JackyIckx,woneightGrandsPrixandsix24HoursofLeMans.Belgiumalsohasastrong
Yearin2005and2010
reputationinmotocross.[46]SportingeventsheldeachyearinBelgiumincludetheMemorialVanDamme
athleticscompetition,theBelgianGrandPrixFormulaOne,andanumberofclassiccycleracessuchastheTour
ofFlandersandLigeBastogneLige.The1920SummerOlympicswereheldinAntwerp.

Otherpages
BelgiumattheOlympics
Belgiumnationalfootballteam
ListofriversofBelgium

References
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Otherwebsites
MediarelatedtoBelgiumatWikimediaCommons
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BelgiumSimpleEnglishWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

OfficialwebsiteofBelgianmonarchy(http://www.monarchie.be)
OfficialwebsiteoftheBelgianfederalgovernment(http://www.belgium.be)
BelgianTelephonedirectory(http://www.telefoongids.2link.be)
BelgiumTravelGuide(http://www.traveldir.org/belgium/)
Brusselsmap(http://www.ilotsacre.be/site/en/default_en.htm)
Retrievedfrom"https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgium&oldid=5274713"
Categories: MembersofNATO Belgium EuropeanUnionmemberstates Frenchspeakingcountries Dutchspeakingcountries
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