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Class : XI SCIENCE 2
Material : Conditional Clause Type 1, 2 and 3
I.

Definition:
Clause is a group of related words containing both a subject and a verb.
Conditional clause is a sentence are made up f two halves. One half is a condition
(Conditional clause) and the other half states the action to occur if the condition is

II.

III.

fulfilled (Main clause),

Usage:
The usage of conditional sentence is used to express supposition of an event that has not
been happened or even impossible.
Structure of Conditional Clause :
A conditional sentence is composed of 2 parts:
If Clause + Main Clause

Example:
If it rains tomorrow, we will not come.
There are three types of conditional clause. well learn about all types.

Conditional Sentence Type 1

Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real or possible situations. These
situations take place if a certain condition is met. It is possible and also very likely that the

condition will be fulfilled. Therefore, we can conclude that conditional type 1 describes a
possible situation of present or future time.
Use:
Conditional Sentences Type 1 refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a
certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually
will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic so we think it is likely to
happen.
If + Simple Present, + Simple Future
Example:

If I meet him, I will introduce myself.

If you study hard, you will understand english well

You will stay health, if you exercise everyday

If I find her address, I ll send her a letter

Asrul will be here, if he has much money

The cut will scratch you if you pull her tail

If I have enough time, Ill watch the football match

If he goes, he will arrive there on time

There is another way to write conditional clause type 1 using unless.

Rules :
1. Unless must be in the front of the sentence.
2. Only be used in Conditional clause type 1.
3. Unless using to replace if not in negative sentence.
Example :

If you do not take an umbrella, you will get wet

Unless you take an umbrella, you will get wet

if we do not leave now, We will be late

unless we leave now, We will be late

Conditional Sentence Type 2

Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal impossible or improbable
situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. It is very
unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled. So, we can conclude that conditional type 2 describes
a hypothical situation, one that is either contrary to the real facts of the present, or unlikely to
occur in the future.
In conditional type 2, we usually use in the if clause "were" instead of "was" even if the
pronoun is I, he, sheor it. "were" here is a subjunctive form.
NOTE: "was" is also a possible form.
Use :
Conditional Sentences Type 2 refer to an action in the present that could happen if the
present situation were different
if + Simple Past, + would + base verb
Example:
If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.

If He were here now, I would be happy

I would play tennis, if the weather were fine now

If someone tried to blackmail me, I would tell the police

If I had much money, I will lend you

If I were a bird, I would fly round the world

Kind of
Sentence
(+)

Contoh Conditional type 2

If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.
If Nisa studied hard, she would pass.

Fact
but I dont have much hope it will
rain
but Nisa doesnt study hard

(-)

(?)

If I had much money, I would buy a sport car.

If I were a millionaire, I would donate my
money to charity.
If Nisa didnt study hard, she wouldnt be
passed.
If Nisa studied hard, she wouldnt fail.
If Nisa didnt study hard, she would fail.
atau
Unless Nisa studied hard, she would fail.
If I were a millionaire, I wouldnt donate my
money to charity.
If Nisa didnt study hard, would she fail?
If I had much money, would I buy a sport car?
If I were a millionaire, would I donate my
money to charity?

but I dont have much money

but Im not a millionaire
but Nisa studies hard
-

Conditional Sentence Type 3

It is impossible that the condition will be met because it refers to the past. It describes a
hypothical situation of past time, one which did not occur.
Use:
Conditional Sentences Type 3 refer to situations in the past. They express hypothetical results to
past given situations.
if + Past Perfect, + would + have + Past Participle
Example:

If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had that terrible accident.

Sometimes in the past, he was careless. He drove so fast. So he had a terrible accident.
If I had finished my study last year, I would have gone to abroad
I should have passed the exam last time, if I has studied hard
If I had received your message, I would have come at once
If she had not known this course, I couldnt have learned english very well
If our document had been in order, we could have left at once.

Sentenc
e

Example

Fact

If you had remembered to invite me, I

would have attended your party.

but you didnt remember

If I had given the interviewer really good

answers, I might have got a higher position
than you.

but I didnt give really good

answers

(-)

If the waitress had been careful, she

wouldnt have broken many plates.

but the waitress wasnt careful

(?)

If he had asked for forgiveness, would you

have forgiven him?

but he didnt ask for forgiveness

(+)

Things to remember!!
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Examples:
"Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air."
"I will send her an invitation if I find her address."
"I would travel around the world if I had a million dollars."
"He wouldn't have had that terrible accident if he had been careful."
Main clause and/or if clause might be negative.
Examples:
If I dont see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.
If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had an accident.

IV.

The differences of each type

Tense

Conditional

Time

Usage

Simple Future

Future

Real

Simple Past

Past Future

Present

Unreal

Past Perfect

Past Future

Past

Unreal

sentences

If Clause

Main Clause

Type 1

Simple Present

Type 2
Type 3

Perfect

References:
Albanus, J. dkk., Selection Items of English Examinations (Jakarta: CV. Somonru,_____)
Hakim, Lukman. Hidayat, Ach. Syariful, Aconcise English Grammar (Jakarta: Sentara Media,
2008)
Lado, M.J. Useful Grammar and Idioms (Jakarta: PATRIA, 1986),
cet. I
(_______). Practical English Grammar (AS: Oxford Iniversity Press, 1960).

Echlos, John M. Shadily, Hassan. Kamus Inggris Indonesia (Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka
Utama, 1976).
Robert Khron, English Sentence Structure, The University of Michigan Press. 1970.
R. Carter, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge Univ. Press. 2006.