SURATGARH THERMAL POWER STATION

SUBMITTED TO:SE B.P.GAUTTAM (P&A)

S.T.P.S. SURATGARH

SUBMITTED BY:PAWAN KUMAR,

SUNIL KUMAR KIRAD,
VIKAS.
VI sem. ELECTRICAL ENGG.
SHANKARA INSTITUTE OF
TEHCNOLOGY, JAIPUR

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to our training & placement
officer Mr. Naveen Sharma and H.O.D. Mr. Neeraj for suggest and valuable
guidance us for S.T.P.S. It is our proud privilege to express our sense of
gratitude to Assistant Engineers for providing us adequate facilities to
undergo training at S.T.P.S.
We are thankful to Mr. B.P. Gautam (SE), Mr. Udaybhan Singh Shekhawat
(JEN) & Mr. Sandeep (JEN) for their valuable guidance and co-operation
without which it was not possible to get so much knowledge. We are also
Grateful to Mr. Ghanshyam Agarwal (AEN) & Mr. Ramesh Sethi (AEN),
their persistent help and for providing some of the technical data.
We are equally obliged to all those Engineers, Technical personnel And
operators at S.T.P.S. who gave us their valuable time and rendered practical
knowledge in our training period.
And at last we want to thank our colleagues. Without their help guidance and
suggestions it was not possible to produce this report.

PREFACE:A very important element in curriculum of an Engineering student is the

Practical Training.
We underwent practical training at SURATGARH THERMAL POWER
STATION from 13-06-2011 to 13-07-2011. This is a part of total 30 days
training program incorporated in the curriculum of the Shankara Institute of
Technology for B.Tech. course.
As we are the students of Electrical Engineering so the training at S.T.P.S.
has been particularly beneficial for us. We saw the various procedures,
processes and equipment used in production of electricity by thermal powers
which were studied in books and this has helped us in better understanding
of power generation and concepts of controlling of instrumentation power.
S.T.P.S. is a very large plant and it is very difficult to acquire complete
knowledge about it in a short span. We have tried to get acquainted with
overall plant functioning and main concepts involved therein. It is very vital
trade.

CONTENTS
Location of SSTPS Suratgarh
General plant overview
Layout of Thermal Power Plant
Generator section
Generator Transformer Section
Electrostatic Precipitator
Switchyard Section
Turbine Section
Boiler Section
Coal Handling Plant
Ash Handling Plant
Plant Highlights
Bibliography

LOCATION OF 1500 MW SUPER THERMAL

POWER STATION (STPS) SURATGARH

The resinous project of Rajasthan, the Super Thermal Power

Station, and Suratgarh is situated near village Thukrana
about 27 km. from Suratgarh city in Sriganganagar district.
The site was considered an ideal location for setting up a
thermal power station due to availability of land, water,
transmission line and cheap labour.
A total land area of 5029 biga has been acquired for the
power station and 12 km. long constructed from national
highway no. 15 near birdhwal railway station to plant site.
A private railway line of 17 km. has been constructed for
coal supply from railway station to plant site along with
private railway station at birdhwal and at STPS site. The
water availability is also good because the INDRA GANDHI
CANAL is 5 km. away from power plant. In the STPS
transportation facility is also very good.

Development consultant to the project. The civil work of the

powerhouse building and township were awarded to m/s
RSBCC Ltd. Jaipur a govt. of Rajasthan undertaking.

GENERAL PLANT OVERVIEW

First of all coal zone and collection of coal comes in miles by

the mean of CHP (Coal Handling Plant). CHP is the biggest
site of coal like belt conveyors, bunker or crusher house etc.
Belt conveyor is used to lift the coal, cleaning collection or
hammering
process in the Bunker or Crasher House and Stacker
&declaimer device is used to store or collect the coal in coal
yard. The size of coal which enters the mill is about 25mm
each. The ball and tube

mill is used in the power station. The coal, which was

entering in the mill, grinds in the mill up to the powdered
form. This powdered form of coal sends to the boiler Furnace
where this coal burns and generate heat.
Initially the liquid fuel (Diesel + Stream) is used to generate
the heat. The air is also used with coal in furnace for
generating the flame heat. Water flow in tube which is
mounted around a wall of boiler, this water comes on the
drum after crossing the Economizer because the purpose of
goes on aborting heat at constant pressure and is evident by
rise in the temperature. A stage reaches where water begins
to boil and there is no rise in temperature at this stage
stream is formed.
Burnt coal converts in to ash some one of flue gasses
because the
temperature of flue gasses is very high so if we went to
increase the
efficiency of the system these flue gasses flow in many
stages like, Super heater, air preheater & Economizer.
After passing the flue gasses the temperature of steam,
which was flows in super heater, is rises. When the flue
gasses in the air preheater passes the temperature
increases. At the last stage when the flue gasses flows in the
Economizer the temperature of water which can feed into
boiler dream is also increase.
After passing few stages the flue gasses taken from boiler
by IDM
(Intermediate Draft Fan) and send to chimney through ESP
(Electro Static Precipitator). The Electro Static Precipitator
which use electric force to remove the dust from the gases
steam some ash send to ash dyke threw pipes in a slurry
form with the help of number of pumps.
Boiler drum is situated at the top of the furnace throw the
boiler tubes which are situated in the furnace. The water is
used to produce steam. First of all water comes in

Economizer after this its temperature increases up to 307c.

After this water goes in the boiler drum and heater, which
are mounted on the top of the furnace, then the water flows
in the tubes. These tubes are connected with the flame in
the furnace. Due to heating the water converted into the
steam. This steam is collected in boiler drum. The
temperature of the
steam is about 538c with the help of super heater.
First of all steam flows through HP (High Pressure) Turbine at
a pressure of 150kg/cm and there is expansion of steam in
turbine at a temperature of 340c and the pressure of
340kg/cm and gives the mechanical work for this the rotor
rotates at some speed. This steam is again heated with the
help of super heater and this heated steam is send to IP
(Intermediate Pressure) Turbine and the steam expand at a
temperature of 200c and pressure is 6kg/ cm. This
expended steam directly send to LP (Low Pressure) Turbine
and expansion of steam in this turbine is double flow.
This steam moves the blades of the all their turbines that as
these blades rotates on the same shaft, which are connected
to the Generator. As the blade moves are the rotor of the
generator is also rotates at 3000 RPM at effective load. Thus
rotation of the rotor occurs. The magnetic field results for the
generation of electricity.
After this water feed into HPB (High Pressure Boiler) by the
help of BFP (Boiler Feed Pump). For this the temperature of
water is about 250c. In the last stage the water is feed into
the Economizer. This cycle works regularly and it is same for
all units in this Super Thermal Power station.

COAL FOR STEAM STATION:-

In India, the principal sources of energy are coal amounting

to over 95% of the total primary energy resources of the
country. The coal reserves of obtaining in our country are of
the order of 130,000 Million Tones or even more and few
reserve is being located. The main area where coal mines
are located easterner regions Viz. Bihar, West Bengal, central
region viz. Singrauli coal fields, Tamilnadu. Small source of
coal are located in the entire country as well.

CONSIDERATION FOR THE LOCATION

OF THE LARGE THERMAL PLANT:The important aspect to be borne in mind during site
selection for a thermal power plant availability of coal, ash
disposal facility, space requirement, nature of land , water,
transport facility labor, public problems, size of the plant.
Large development in the thermal power generation calls
for proper planning in choice of site, climatic condition, unit
size, coal requirements and transport, transmission system
etc. It is normal practice to consider various alternative sites
for locating thermal plant and work out comparison to arrive
at economically feasible location. The preparation of
feasibility report for a thermal station requires study under
two headings viz. area selection and site selection. The area
selection study comprises the study of factor given below,
which are required for the establishment of any production
oriented industry. Some of the also applicable when final
choice of site is made.
Supply of row materials, which is the case of thermal
station are coal and water, are for extreme importance.
Transport facilities to whole the raw materials viz. Coal
in this case and the capital equipment.

 Transmission of the power produced to the local

centers.
A labour force of size and quality required but this will
not be of ever riding consideration. In our country the
migration of labour from one place to another does not
pose very difficult problems.
Climatic conditions has also plays an important role in
area selection.

THERMAL POWER PLANT:General Layout of Thermal Power Plant:The general layout of plant consists of mainly four circuits. The four
circuits are
1. Coal and Ash Circuit
2. Air and Gas Circuit
3. Feed Water and Steam Circuit
4. Cooling Water System

Coal and Ash Circuit:-

In this circuit, the coal from the storage is fed to the boiler through
coal handling equipment for the generation of the steam. Ash
produced due to combustion of coal is removed to ash storage
through ash-handling system.

Air and Gas Circuit:-

Air is supplied to the combustion chamber of the boiler either through

forced draught or induced draught fan or by using both. The dust from
the air is removed before supplying to the combustion chamber. The
exhaust gasses carrying sufficient quantity of heat and ash are
passed through the air-heater where the exhaust heat of the gasses
is given to the air and then it is passed through the dust collectors
where most of the dust is removed before exhausting the gasses to
the atmosphere.

Feed Water and Steam Circuit:The steam generated in the boiler is fed to the steam prime mover to
develop the power. The steam coming out of the prime mover is
condensed in the condenser and then fed to the boiler with the help
of pump. The condensate is heated in the feed-heater using the

steam tapped from different points of the turbine. The feed heaters
may be of mixed type or indirect heating type. Some of the steam and
water are lost passing through different components of the system;
therefore, feed water is supplied from external source to compensate
this loss. The feed water supplied from external source to
compensate the loss. The feed water supplied from external source is
passed through the purifying plant to reduce to reduce dissolve salts
to an acceptable level. This purification is necessary to avoid the
scaling of the boiler tubes.

Cooling Water Circuit:The quantity of cooling water required to condense the steam is
considerably high and it is taken from a lake, river or sea. At the
Columbia thermal power plant is taken from an artificial lake created
near the plant. The water is pumped in by means of pumps and the
hot water after condensing the steam is cooled before sending back
into the pond by means of cooling towers. This is done when there is
not adequate natural water available close to the power plant. This is
a closed system where the water goes to the pond and is recirculated back into the power plant. Generally open systems like
rivers are more economical then closed systems.

Working of the Thermal Power Plant:Steam is generated in the boiler of the thermal power plant using
heat of the fuel brunt in the combustion chamber. The steam is
generated is passed through steam turbine where part of its thermal
energy is converted into mechanical energy which is further used for
generating electric power. The steam coming out of the steam turbine
is condensed in the condenser and the condensate is supplied back
to the boiler with the help of the feed pump and the cycle is repeated.
The function of the Boiler is to generate steam. The function of the
condenser is to condense the steam coming out of the low pressure
turbine. The function of the steam turbine is to convert heat energy
into mechanical energy. The function of the condenser is to increase
the pressure of the condensate from the condenser pressure to the
boiler pressure. The other components like economizer, super heater,
air heater and feed water heaters are used in the primary circuit to
increase the overall efficiency of the plant.

GENERATOR:-

Generator is the electrical end of turbo generator set. It is a

cylindrical pole synchronous generator. It is generally known
as a piece of equipment that actually converts the
mechanical energy of turbine into electricity. The generation
of electricity is based on the principle of electromagnetic
induction.
A generator consists of the following main components and
associated system:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Stator
Rotor
Excitation system
Cooling system
Sealing system

Stator:The stator is the component that embodies the armature

core and armature winding. It is totally enclosed gas tight
fabricated structure. It is the single heaviest load in the
whole turbo generator. The major part of this load is stator
core. The stator comprises of an inner frame and outer
frame. The outer frame is a rigid fabricated structure of
welded steel plates.
Within this shell is fixed cage of girderbuil circular and axial
ribs. The ribs divides the yoke into, compartments throw
which hydrogen/air flow into radial ducts in the stator core
and circulates throw the gas coolers housed in the frame.
The inner cage is usually fixed to the yoke by an
arrangement of springs to dampen the double frequency
vibration inherent in 2-pole generator. The details of the
stator have been shown in the figure on the next page. In
large generators (500MW etc.), the frame is constructed as
two separate parts. The fabricated inner cage is inserted in
the outer frame after the stator has been assembled and the
winding completed.

STATOR CORE:The stator is built up from a large no of vanished insulated

punching or thin sections of thin (generally 0.35 mm to 0.5
mm) steel plates. The use of cooled rolled grain-oriented,
loss less steel iron which the punching are made can
contribute to reduction in the weight of stator core for two
main reasons.
1. There is an increase in core stacking factor which
improvement in lamination, cold rolling and in core
building techniques.

2. The advantage can be taken of the high magnetic

permeance of grain-oriented steel to work the stator
core at comparatively high magnetic saturation without
fear of excessive iron loss or too heavy a demand for
excitation ampere-turns from the generator rotor.
The slot ventilation holes etc. are punched out in one
operation in the
stampings and as such the stampings are rather complicated
or accounts of holes and the slots that have to be produced.
The core stampings are assembled in an inner leaved
manner on core bars. The core consists of several pockets
separated by steel spacer for radial cooling of the core by
hydrogen. To ensure a tight and monolithic core, pressing of
the punching is done in several stages and completely built,
the core us help in pressed condition by mean of heavy non
magnetic steel press rings which are bolted to the end of
core bars as additional support is provided to the teeth
portion by means of non magnetic fingers held between the
core and the press ring. The press rings are tempered on the
face toward the core, so that an even pressure is exerted
over the end surface of the core when core bars are tighten.
Copper screens provided between the end packets and press
rings reduce the end zone heating.
In order to isolate the stator body and thus foundation from
magnetic
vibrations of the stator core. The core bars are designed to
provide elastic suspension of core in the stator.

STATOR WINDING AND INSULATION:Stator core carries the armature winding where the voltage
is generated due to electromagnetic induction. Each stator
conductor must be capable of carrying the rated current
without overheating and the insulation must be sufficient to
prevent leakage current flowing between earth and phase.

The stator has a three phase double layer short core type
bar winding having two parallel paths. Each coil side consists
of glass insulated solid and hollow conductor with cooling
water passing through the latter in case of water cooled
conductors being used in higher capacity units. Water is fed
to and fro the winding throw Teflon tubes.
The stator winding conductors, both solid and hollow, are
transposed about a non magnetic duct, which provide the
flow path for the coolant gas in case of H 2 cooled generator.
In liquid cooled windings the transposed conductors are
rectangular tubes. The transposition can be done in no. of
ways but most commonly used method of transposition is
Roebel arrangement.
The rotor is cast chromium, nickel, molybdenum and
vanadium steel ingot and it is further forget and machined.
The rotor forging is then planed and milled to form the teeth.
Very often a hole is bored throw the center of the axially
from one end to the other for inspection. Slots are then
machined for winding and ventilation.

ROTOR:ROTOR WINDING AND RETAINING RINGS:The rotor carries the field windings. Silver bearing copper
(containing 0.03 to 0.1 % silver) is used for the winding with
mica as the insulation between conductors. A mechanically
strong insulator such as micanite is used for lining the slots.
Later designs of windings for circulation of the cooling gases
throw the actual conductors. When rotating at high speed,
centrifugal force tries to lift the winding out of the slots and
duralumin wedges contain them. The end turns outside the
slots are covered by non magnetic steel retaining end rings
are secured to a turned recess in the rotor body. By shrinking

or screwing and support at the other end by fitting the rotor

body.

BRUSHLESS EXCITATION SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION:In all the excitation systems discussed so far, the D.C.
power generated or derived from different means is fed to
the generator fielded throw brushes to slip ring. The brush
gear and slip ring have become such a vital parts that
required high maintenances and are a source of failures,
thus forming week links in the system. With the advent of
mechanically robust silicone diode capable of converting A.C.
to D.C. at a high power levels, brushless excitation system
has become popular and being employed. The basic
arrangement of a typical brushless excitation system
presently used in BHEL machines. This system consists of
main components as listed below:(I). Three phase pilot exciter.
(II). Three phase main exciter.
(III). Rotating rectifier wheels.
(IV). Cooler.
(V). Metering and supervisory system.

Three Phase Pilot Exciter:Three phase pilot exciter has a revolving field with
permanent magnet poles. The controlled rectified d.c. is fed
to the main exciter field. The induced Three Phase a.c.
voltage is rectified in the rotating rectifier bridge and is fed
to the generator rotor winding through the d.c. leads in the
shaft. The pilot exciter has 16 poles. The output is 220V + 10%, 400 Hz. Ten magnets are housed together in a non
magnetic enclosure and this make one pole. These magnets

are braced between the hub and external pole shoe with
bolts.

Three Phase Main Exciter:The three phase main exciter is a six pole rotating armature
unit. The field poles with the damper windings are arranged
in the stator frame. Laminated magnetic poles are arranged
to form the field winding. To measure the exciter current a
quadrature axis coil is fitted between two poles.
The winding conductors are transposed within the core
length, and the end turns of the rotor windings are secured
with steel bands. The connections are made at rectifier
wheel end. A ring bus formed at the winding end and leads
to rotating rectifier wheel are also connected to the same.
The complete rotor is shrunk fit on the shaft. The rotor is
supported on a journal bearing positioned between the main
and the pilot exciters. Lubrication of the bearing is formed
from the turbine oil system.

Rotating Rectifier Wheels:The silicon diodes

three
configurations. The
pressure increases
force. There are two

are arranged on the rectifier wheels in

diodes are so made that the contact
during rotation due to the centrifugal
diodes.

Coolers:Because of these properties, hydrogen will extract more

heat per unit
volume/min. Thus for a given rise of temperature, machine
capacity can be increased. It has been estimated that by use

of Hydrogen 20% reduction in active construction materials

can be affected. At 0.035 kg/cm of hydrogen, machine
rating is increased by 22-25% and at 2.109 kg/cm the rating
increase is 35%.
Increase in life of machine:This is effected because of:
Enclosed construction, which keeps the dirt and
moisture out from winding and ventilation passages.
No deterioration of armature insulation due to corona.
During corona discharge, ozone, nitric acid and otter
chemical compounds are formed due to oxidation,
which attack organic bounding materials of insulation.
Leading increased output from the same machine, with
the increase in pressure, the heat transfer co-efficient
increases appreciably and also in same space more H 2
by weight can be employed. Thus, the denser H 2 will
have improved capacity to absorb and remove the heat
with the result that from the same machine, output may
be increased. It has been estimated that for every
0.07kg/cm increase in pressure up to 1 kg/cm, an
increase of 1% in out can be achieved.
Corresponding figure will be 1\2 % for to 2kg/cm.
Incidiently this will results either in allowing lower
quantity of cooling water or higher inlet temperature of
cooling water without impairing output of efficiency of
the machines. The permitted increase in the
temperature 0.56c up to 1 kg/cm for 0.035 kg/cm
rise of pressure and 0.280c between 1 kg/cm to 2
kg/cm.
Hydrogen /air mixture between 5/95% and 75/25% are
explosive and

hence normally a 95/5% - 98/2% content is employed. In

modern systems it is more general to restrict hydrogen/air
mixture to 98/2%.

TRANSFORMER:A transformer may be defined as equipment based on

electromagnetic induction, alternating current and voltage
without is altered affecting frequency. It is static equipment
i.e. it has no moveable parts. The fundamental theory of
transformer is that if on a magnetic core two winding are
placed than the current produced in primary winding an
account of alternating voltage imposed in secondary and if
the circuit is closed then current in the secondary winding.
Transforms are generally shell type or core type. They may
be single phase or three phases.

The main parts of transformer are:

The core
The windings
On load tap changer
Tanks
Bushings
Auxiliary equipments
Insulating oil
Cooling system

Generally various types of cooling are employed in

transforms according to the need like air cooling, oil cooling
and water cooling.

Installed Transformers

Main generator transformer:-

These are six in numbers, for stage-1 and stage-2 220KV

and 315MVA and three are 400KV and 315MVA, which stepup of their respective generator 16.5KV output and is
provided with an on-off circuit tab switch on high voltage
winding. Generator transformers are of big size and large
weight transformer and are site assembled. The heavy
current carried by the generator transformer and consequent
heavy conductor required from generator terminals to low

voltage side of transforms couples the insulation of later

directly opposite to the outside the alternator and outside
the turbine house wall in a bay outdoors.
Each transformer after installation on heavy pads design for
carrying the large weight is built around the PCC walling to
combine the damage due to the fire and explosions etc.
The suppression of noise in large transformer close to the
station remains a problem but some ammonization may be
achieved by mounting them on pads.
A cable may running the length of the transformer simplify
the running of control instruments cable etc. which have to
be laid from the transformer to the control room. The H.V.
cable outgoing to the transmission switch yard via an
overhead line.
The L.V. from the generator terminals to the transformer
carried out of twin post type insulator mounted on three
separated tanks on the non magnetic sheeting. The through
piece the turbine house walls and bolts used for connecting
the conductor the terminals.

Station Transformer:When the unit is running, power required for L.T. and H.T.
switchgear is also be provided by this transformer. The rating
of this transformer is 220KV/6.6KV. In this type of
transformer primary and secondary is star connected.

Specification of Generator
Transformer:Type of cooling
Rating in MVA
No load voltage (HV) (kV)
No load voltage (LV) (kV)
Line current (Amp.)
HV
LV
Temp rise in oil (c)
Temp rise in windings (c)
No load loss/load loss/
Auxiliary loss (kW)
Short circuit capacity
HV:
LV:
Phases
Frequency
Connection symbol

ONAN/ONAF/OFAF
160/240/315
420
16.5
219.9/329.9/433.01
5598.5/8397.8/11022.1
45c over Ambient of 50c
50c over Ambient of 50c
145/600/19
40KA/3sec
101KA/3 sec
3
50 Hz
ynd11

HV LV normal tapping
HV LV max. Tapping
HV LV min. Tapping
Core and winding weight
Weight of oil
Total weight

14.5%-10%
14.27% approximately
14.47% approximately
112500 Kg.
56810 Kg
287545 Kg

Specification of Station Transformer:KVA

/50000
Volts (no load)
.6 KV LV
Ampere line
/4189 LV
Phases
Frequency
Type of cooling
Connection symbol
Mass of core and winding (Kg)
Mass of oil (Kg)
Total mass
Untankin mass (Kg)
Oil in tank
Min. temp of oil
Max. temp of oil

40000/50000
220KV HV
105/135 HV
3
50
ONAN/ONAF
Ynyn0
44470
22780
86210
45230
25600
40c
50c

Electrical System:High voltage transformer rectifier (HVR) with electronic

controller (EC):The transformer rectifier supplies the power for particulate
charging and collection. The basic function of the EC is to
feed the precipitator with maximum power input under
constant current regulation. Should there be any flash over
between collecting ends emitting electrodes, the EC will

sense flash over and quickly react by bringing the input

voltage to zero and blocking it for a specific period. After the
ionized gas is cleared and dielectric strength restored, the
control will quickly bring back the power to a present value
and raise it to the original non sparking level. Thus the EC
ensures adequate power input to the precipitator while
reckoning the electrical disturbances within the precipitator.
Regulated ac power from EC is fed to the primary of the
transformer, which is stepped up and rectified to give a full
wave power output. The transformer rectifier is mounted on
roof of the precipitator while EC is located in air conditioned
control room.

Auxiliary Control Panel (ACP):The ACP controls the power supply to the EP auxiliary viz.
rapping motor and heating elements dampers. The complete
ACP is of modular type with individual modules for each
feeder. Each module houses and the control circuits with
meters, push buttons, switches and indicating lamps.

Following are the modules for the outgoing feeders: Hopper heaters for each field.
Support insulator heaters.

 Collecting electrode raping motor for each field.

Emitting electrode rapping motor for each field.
The program control circuit for the sequence and timing of
operation
for the raping motor is included in ACP, for continues
operation of the rapping motor, the programmer can be
bypassed through a switch. Thermal overload relay is
provided for overload protection. In many industrial plants,
particulate matter created in the industrial process
is carried as dust in the hot exhaust gases. These dust-laden
gases pass through an electrostatic precipitator that collects
most of the dust. Cleaned gas then passes out of the
precipitator and through a stack to the atmosphere.
Precipitators typically collect 99.9% or more of the dust from
the gas stream.

Hoppers:Precipitator hoppers are designed to completely discharge

dust load on demand. Typically, precipitator hoppers are
rectangular in cross-section with sides of at least 60-degree
slope. These hoppers are insulated from the neck above the
discharge flange with the insulation covering the entire
hopper area. In addition, the lower 1/4- 1/3 of the hopper
wall may be heated. Discharge diameters are generally 8" 12".

Insulation:Insulation provides protection for facility personnel as well

as working to retain as much hopper wall temperature as
possible. Hopper wall
temperature retention discourages condensation on the
inside of the hopper. Heaters are added to ensure hot metal
surfaces immediately above the fly ash discharge.

Facilitating hopper discharge:Hopper discharge problems are caused by compaction of

the fly ash in the hopper. Compaction characteristics are
affected by moisture content, particle size and shape, head
of material, and vibration. The flow of fly ash out of the
hopper can be facilitated by the use of external vibrators.
These can operate on the outside wall of the hopper or on an
internal hopper baffle.

Hopper fluidizers:Hopper fluidizers have a membrane that permits air flow to

the fly ash directly above. This air flow fills the voids
between the fly ash particles at a slight pressure, changes
the repose angle of the particles, and promotes gravity flow.

Ash handling system:The fly ash handling system evacuates the fly ash from the
hoppers, and transports the fly ash to reprocessing or to
disposal. The ash handling system should be designed and
operated to remove the collected fly ash from the hoppers
without causing re-entrainment into the gas flow through the
precipitator. The design of the ash handling system should
allow for flexibility of scheduling the hopper discharges
according to the fly ash being collected in these hoppers.

Gas Distribution:Efficient precipitator performance depends heavily upon

having similar gas conditions at the inlet of each electrical
field or bus section and at the inlet of each gas passage of

the electrical field or bus section. Uniformity of gas velocity

is also desirable - good gas velocity distribution through a
precipitator meets these requirements:
% of all measured gas velocities < 1.15 times the average
gas velocity
% of all measured gas velocities < 1.40 times the average
gas velocity

Improving Gas Velocity Distribution:The gas velocity distribution in a precipitator can be

customized according to the design of the precipitator and
the characteristics of the dust particles. Traditionally,
precipitators have been designed with uniform gas velocity
distribution through the electrical fields, to avoid highvelocity areas that would cause re-entrainment. While this is
still a recommended practice, there is an advantage in some
cases to developing a velocity profile that brings more
particles closer to the hopper.
Both of these schemes have applications in site-specific
conditions. Gas velocity distribution can be controlled by the
following:
Adding/improving gas flow control devices in the inlet
ductwork
Adding/improving flow control devices in the inlet of
the precipitator
Adding/improving flow control devices in the outlet of
the precipitator

 Adding a rapping system to the flow control devices

(where
applicable)
Adding/improving anti-sneak baffles at the peripheries
of the
electrical fields
Adding/improving hopper baffles
Eliminating air leakages into the precipitator.

Collecting Plates:Collecting plates are designed to receive and retain the

precipitated particles until they are intentionally removed
into the hopper. Collecting plates are also part of the
electrical power circuit of the precipitator. These collecting
plate functions are incorporated into the precipitator design.
Plate baffles shield the precipitated particles from the gas
flow while smooth surfaces provide for high operating
voltage.
Collecting plates are suspended from the precipitator casing
and form the gas passages within the precipitator. While the
design of the collecting plates varies by manufacturer, there
are two common designs:
Plates supported from anvil beams at either end
o The anvil beam is also the point of impact for the
collecting
rapper
Plates supported with hooks directly from the
precipitator casing
o Two or more collecting plates are connected at or
near the

center by rapper beams, which then serve as

impact points
for the rapping system
Top, center, or bottom spacer bars may be used to maintain
collecting plate alignment and sustain electrical clearances
to the discharge system.

Discharge Electrodes:Discharge electrodes emit charging current and provide

voltage that
generates an electrical field between the discharge
electrodes and the collecting plates. The electrical field
forces dust particles in the gas stream to migrate toward the
collecting plates. The particles then precipitate onto the
collecting plates. Common types of discharge electrodes
include:
Straight round wires
Twisted wire pairs
Barbed discharge wires
Rigid masts
Rigid frames
Rigid spiked pipes
Spiral wires
Discharge electrodes are typically supported from the upper
discharge frame and are held in alignment between the
upper and lower discharge frames. The upper discharge
frame is in turn supported from the roof of the precipitator
casing. High-voltage insulators are incorporated into the

support system. In weighted wire systems, the discharge

electrodes are held taut by weights at the lower end of the
wires.

Rapping Systems:Rappers are time-controlled systems provided for removing

dust from the collecting plates and the discharge electrodes
as well as for gas distribution devices (optional) and for
hopper walls (optional). Rapping systems may be actuated
by electrical or pneumatic power, or by mechanical means.
Tumbling hammers may also be used to dislodge ash.
Rapping methods include:
Electric vibrators
Electric solenoid piston drop rappers
Pneumatic vibrating rappers
Tumbling hammers
Sonic horns (do not require transmission assemblies)

Discharge Electrodes Rapping:In general, discharge electrodes should be kept as free as

possible of accumulated particulate. The rapping system for
the discharge electrodes should be operated on a continuous
schedule with repeat times in the 2 4 minute range,
depending on the size and inlet particulate loading of the
precipitator.

Collecting Plate Rapping:Collecting plate rapping must remove the bulk of the
precipitated dust. The collecting plates are supported from
anvil beams or directly with hooks from the precipitator
casing. With anvil beam support, the impact of the rapping
system is directed into the beams located at the leading
and/or trailing edge of the collecting plates. For direct casing
support, the impact is directed into the rapper beams
located at or near the center of the top of the collecting
plates.
The first electrical field generally collects about 60-80% of
the inlet dust load. The first field plates should be rapped
often enough so that their precipitated layer of particulate is
about 3/8 - 1/2" thick. There is no advantage in rapping more
often since the precipitated dust has not yet agglomerated
to a sheet which requires a minimum layer thickness. Sheet
formation is essential to make the dust drop into the
precipitator hopper without re-entrainment into the gas
stream. Rapping less frequently typically results in a
deterioration of the electrical power input by adding an
additional resistance into the power circuit. Once an
optimum rapping cycle has been found for the first electrical
field (which may vary across the face of a large precipitator),
the optimum rapping cycles for the downstream electrical
fields can be established.
The collecting plate rapping system of the first field has a
repeat time T equal to the time it takes to build a 3/8 1/2"layer on the collecting plates. The plates in the second
field should have a repeat time of about 5T, and the plates in
the third field should have a repeat time of 25T. Ideally,
these repeat times yield a deposited layer of 3/8-1/2" for the
plates in all three fields. Adjustment may be required for
factors such as dust resistivity, dust layer cohesiveness, gas
temperature effects, electrical field height and length, and
the collecting area served by one rapper.

Gas Distribution Plate and Hopper

Wall Rapping:The gas distribution plates should also be kept free of
excessive particulate buildup and may require rapping on a
continuous base with a cycle time in the 10-20 minute range,
depending on the inlet particulate loading of the precipitator
and the nature of the particulate. Gas distribution plates in
the outlet of the precipitator may be rapped less often
(every 30 - 60 minutes).

Improving
Performance:-

Rapping

System

All precipitator rapping systems allow adjustment of rapping

frequency, normally starting with the highest frequency (the
least time between raps), progressing to the lowest
frequency. The times that are actually available may be
limited. Rapping systems with pneumatic or electric
actuators allow variations of the rapping intensity. Pneumatic
or electric vibrators allow adjustments of the rapping time.
State-of-the-art rapper controls allow selection of rapping
sequences, selection of individual rappers, and provide anticoincidence schemes which allow only one rapper to operate
at a given time.
Rapping systems can be optimized for top precipitator
performance using precipitator power input and stack
opacity as criteria. Optimization of the rapping system starts
with the discharge electrode rapping system operating on its
own time schedule, for example with repeat times of 2 - 4
minutes. The rapping system for the gas distribution screens
in the inlet and outlet of the precipitator should then be
operated with repeat times of 2-3 minutes for the inlet and 2
- 3 hours for the outlet screens.

The only rapping system requiring optimization is the

collecting plate
rapping system. The optimization should start with the
Collecting Plate Rapping Schedule determined above. Next,
the rapping frequency of the inlet field should be increased
or decreased until the electrical power input of the inlet field
remains constant. Next, the rapping frequency of the other
fields should be adjusted in sequence until their electrical
power inputs remain constant. If the stack opacity trace
shows rapping spikes, the rapping intensity should be
reduced while observing the electrical power input of the
precipitator.
The adjustment of the rapping system for optimum
precipitator performance is a slow process. It requires a
substantial amount of time for stabilization after each
adjustment.

Switch-Yard

A switchyard provides a connection point for transmission

lines of the same voltage. The proposed Eastern Terminal
switchyard requires approximately 4 hectares of land,
However, Western Power is looking for an area of
approximately 20 hectares to ensure that the switchyard can
be adequately screened and to accommodate a terminal
substation, in case future major development in the hills
area trigger the need for increased power.
Current electricity forecasts indicate that it is extremely
unlikely that the switchyard would be developed into a
substation. Significant increases in power demand from
major industrial development in areas to the east of the
Eastern Terminal switchyard site would need to occur for the
switchyard to be developed into a substation.
Based on current State and Local Government planning,
there is no foreseeable need to develop the site beyond the
4 hectares switchyard.

High-Tension switch gear:OPERATING MECHANISM FOR HIGH TENSION

ELECTRIC SWITCH GEAR:-

Operating mechanism for high tension electric switch gear

comprising hydraulic cylinder means for reciprocating a rack,

a pinion engaged with the rack for rotation thereby, and a

three bar toggle linkage connected between said pinion and
the rotary stack of the switch for operating the switch; said
mechanism
being
characterized
by
its
economy,
compactness, foolproof operation, safety features and power

Isolators: Elegant Design

Low watt loss
Switch disconnections, for manual operation.
Connection: 25 sq mm box type terminal on both side
for cables.
Available in SP, DP, TP, and FP
Mounting: Clip on DIN 35 mm rail.
Can be mounted easily in any of the regular distribution
boards.

TURBINE SECTION
INTRODUCTION:Steam turbine is a device which consist heat energy
mechanical energy. In India, steam turbine of different
capacity varying from 15-500MW, are employed in the field
of thermal power generation. The design material auxiliary

system etc. Very widely from each other depending on the

capacity and manufacture of the sets.
Therefore the discussion in the chapter will follows the
general pattern applicable to almost all type of turbines, with
reference to the specific features of 210 MW steam turbine
and 500 MW turbines which from the backbone of the power
sector in India, here is 250 MW turbines are used .

WORKING PRINCIPLES:When steam is allowed to expand through a narrow orifice.

Reaction
turbine is used in Suratgarh thermal power station. In this
turbine in which some expansion of steam in fixed blade and
some expansion in moving blade. It assumes kinetic energy
at the expense of its enthalpy (heat energy). This kinetic
energy of steam is changed to mechanical energy through
the reaction of steam against the blades. After this the rotor
rotates with some speed.

CONSTRUCTION, STEAM FLOWS:-

The steam turbine is a random compound machine with

high pressure intermediate pressure and low-pressure parts
and HP and LP parts are single flow cylinders and LP parts
are double flow cylinder. Rigid couplings connect the
individual turbine.
The HP turbine has been constructed for throttle governing.
The initial steam stops and control valves. The line leading
from the HP exhaust going to the re-heater is provided with
swing check valve, which prevent heat steam from the reheater flowing back into HP turbine.
The steam is coming from the re-heater is passed to the IP
turbine via to combined re-heater stop & control valves.

Cross-around pipes connect the IP & LP cylinder. Blades are

arranged at several points of turbine.

HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE:The outer causing of high pressure HP type turbine is of the
barrel type and has neither other as axial nor a radial flag.
This prevents mass accumulation with high terminal stress.
The almost perfect rotation symmetry permits maturate wall
thickness of nearly equal strength at all section.
The inner casing is axially split and kinematically supported.
As the pressure difference across the wall of inner casing is
low, the horizontal flag and connection belt can be kept
small. The barrel type casing permits flexibility of operation
in the form of short start-up time and a high rate of change
of load at high initial steam condition. Inlet steam
temperature and pressure is 538c and 150Kg/cm. Rotation
speed is 3000 rpm whose medium is steam.

LOW PRESSURE TURBINE:The casing of the double flow IP turbine is of their three-shell
design. The shell is axial split and has rigid welded
construction. The inner shell taking the first rows of guide
blades are attached cinematically in the middle.
The turbine has an electro hydraulic governing system
blacked up with a hydraulic governing. An electric system
measures and control speed and output and operates the
control valves hydraulic in conjunction with an electro
hydraulic governing system permits run up control of the
turbine up to rated speed and keeps speed swings following
sudden load shedding low. The liner output frequency
characteristics can be very closely set during operation .

BOILER SECTION:Boiler is as equipment which is used to generate the steam.

The steam gives a main role for generate for the electricity.
Initially water entered the boiler at a temperature of 300c
and gives output Temperature is 500c of steam. For this
purpose Drum, Economizer, Pre heater, Super heater
equipments are used. A path of water which was comes in
boiler as given below:-

Condensate water comes in the LPH (Low Pressure Heater)

with the help tubes and water goes in the Dearator. Dearator
is a devise which is use to remove the oxygen practical in
water. Dearator water comes in the high pressure heater
with the help of boiler feed pump, after this water comes in
Economizer and the temperature of water 360c and last
stage water comes in boiler drum after this water flows in
the tubes and converts in steam.

IMPROVED
BOILER

METHOD

OF

HEATING

OF

The saving of latent heat of the steam by evaporation

of
water above critical pressure of the steam.

 Heating of water can be made by mixing the

superheated steam. The mixing phenomenon gives
highest heat transfer coefficient.
The overall heat transfer coefficient can be increase by
increasing the water velocity inside the tube and
increasing the gas velocity.
Boiler furnaces have negative pressure or vacuum
because the flam has not entered in outermost area of
boiler.
Coal nozzle liquid oil nozzle or air nozzle rise are
provide at all corners in the boilers.
Here is water tube type boiler used for these tubes
mounted on walls of boiler.

GENERAL
CONSTRUCTION
OPERATION:-

OR

This boiler has divided by into these zones. In the zone first
transfer is preheated by radiation as the flam in the zone is
diffused yellow flam, which radiates much more than the
premixed blue flam. As the burnt gases upward and
secondary air is added. The effect of radiation is reduced,
becomes predominate as the flam changes from diffused to
premix.
The space marked by R+C receives heat by convention as
well as radiation provided suitable heat transfer surface is
including into path. The heat into zone 2 & 3 takes place
mainly convention. Zone two is identifying as high
temperature and 3 as low temperature zone. Zone two is
preferably for locating superheated air. Air is preheated
because we want to reduce the surface area requirement.
Zone three is used for economizer.

FRONT VIEW OF BOILER

OPERATION:When the heated water comes in the drum and the flow in
the heater which is situated in the bottom of boiler.
Initially the liquid fuel is used to generate the heat. The air
is also used with coal powder in the furnace of boiler for
generate the flame heat. A stage reaches when water begins
to boil without temperature change at this stage steam is
formed and according to density this steam goes in the drum
and then turbine.

MAJOR PARTS OF A BOILER:In thermal plant boiler consists of many parts as discussed
below:-

FURNACE:Furnace is the primary part of boiler where chemical energy

available in fuel is converted into thermal energy by
combustion.
Dry bottom furnace is used at STPS boiler. In which selected
coal of nonslogging type will be encountered in the furnace.
Normally a maximum of 20% of the total ash may be
collected as slag at bottom of furnace while the rest is
carried away along with flue gases.

 STEAM DRUM INTERNALS:Steam drum as storage tank which is used to store the
steam and water. The function of the steam drum internals is
to separate water and steam from the mixture generated in
the furnace walls and to remove the desired solid content of
the steam to below the acceptable limit.

SUPERHEATER:Super heater is main for raising the steam temperature

above the saturation temperature. The introduction of
advanced steam cycle in modern boilers has placed in
greater burden on reheated for the 165 bar boiler is
approximately 50%.

SH (Super Heater) can be classified into convention and

radiation type according to heat transfer process.

 AIR PREHEATER:The air preheater is now essential boiler auxiliary, because

hot air is
Necessary for rapid and efficient combustion and also for
drying coal in the milling plant.
There are two main type of air preheater in use today: static
recuperative plate or tube type and the rotatory
regenerative type. Here in STPS rotatory regenerative type is
used.

ECONOMIZER:The purpose of the economizer is to preheat the boiler feed

water before it is introduced into the steam drum and to
recover some of the heat from the flue gases.

 CONDENSER:Condenser is used to condense the exhaust steam from LP

cylinder and to produce the dispirited vacuum in order to
increase the output. It also facilitate reduce of condensate.

TECHNICAL DATA :Design C.W., temperature

Cold water temperature
Cold water flow quantity
No. of C.W. passes
No. of tubes

33c
8.31c
35,000m/hr.
2
15,664

CONDENSATE EXTRACTION PUMPS:This is used to feed the condensate water into low-pressure
heaters. This ump air of the vertical, eight stage, centrifugal
types. In steps, three pumps re located with condenser with
each boiler. In running conditions to the umps are used to
increase the efficiency of the boiler section of the plant.

MILL SECTION:INTRODUCTION:-

Coal handling plant deals with the under loading of the coal
racks, rushing of coal at different stages to stack the crusher
coal at the tock pile to feed the crushed coal to the coal
bunkers either irectly from the rack or stockpile stacked coal
through declaimer.
Coal handling plant is an important consistent of a plant. It
provides crushed coal to the bunker from where it is feed to
the ill in the coal mill; it gets transformed into the form of
water.
Coal wagons are unloaded at the wagon tippler. Here, it gets
rushed to 200mm size in the ruler crusher. This is the
primary tage crushing of the coal. This coal is feed to the
rotatory breaker throw conveyers belt system. In the rotary
barker the size of the coal is reduced up to 100 mm. the
secondary stage of crushing this coal. This coal is either
stacked at the stockpiles made for the storage of coal or it is
feed directly to the third stage.
In the third stage is feed either from the stacked coal at the
stockpile or directly from the rotary barker. While conveying
coal to the third stage crusher, as ILMS {In Line Magnetic
Separator} comes into the way. Here iron materials pieces
etc. get separated. The coal is feed to third stage crusher
where it is crushed into size of 10 mm. this coal feed to the
bunkers from where it is feed to the coal mills.
To unload the coal wagons or to crush coal and to stack it
and to feed it to coal bunkers. Various equipments and
conveyers are installed in coal handling plant.
Some of the important equipments are listed below: Wagon tippler
Roll crusher
In Line Magnetic Separator
Vibrating Feeder
Apron Feeder

 Rotary Breaker
Ring Granulator
Grizzly Feeder
A brief description and working of above equipments is
explained below:-

Wagon tippler :-

Wagon tippler unloads wagons. The sides are charged to

provide at
the wagon tippler. The main types of tippler auxiliaries are as
1. Rorary Wagon Tippler - Gravity & Hydraulic Clamping
2. Side Discharge Wagon Tippler - Gravity & Hydraulic
Clamping
3. Wagon Pusher
4. Side Arm Charger
5. Wagon Shunting Device

 Roll crusher:Roll Crushers are compression type crushers, and were once
widely used in mining. They have, within the last 10 or so
years, fallen into dis-favor among mining and processing
companies. The probable reason is because the large mines
require very large crushed product output with minimal cost,
makes the roll crusher uncompetitive. The roll crushers are
not nearly as productive as cone crushers, with respect to
volume, and they do have a little higher maintenance
associated with them. Roll crushers do, however, give a very
close product size distribution, and if the ore is not too
abrasive, they do not have high maintenance costs.
In Line Magnetic Separator:Type A magnetic separators utilize a number of closely
spaced north & south magnetic "poles" to create a powerful
magnetic field capture and retain small to medium sized
tramp metal contaminants. Type A magnet circuits are
ideally suited for applications such as final inspection of high
quality consumer food product. Type A magnets are
available in a wide range of models each having many
standard sizes to meet your specific magnetic application
and budget requirements.
Vibrating Feeder:Vibrating feeders are in operation worldwide and can be
found in mining and quarry operations, as well as aggregate,
chemical, and industrial processes. Some of the more
common feeder applications are in coal mining.
Apron Feeder:TENGL Apron Feeders are engineered for heavy-duty operation and for
primary or subsequent application stages. These custom-built machines are

designed to suit individual requirements of capacity, size and material

handled.

Construction based on undercarriage components.

Impact loads are absorved by pans of rolled alloy/ cast alloy/
manganese steel material depending on application and are similar to
heavy-duty track-type under carriage shoes.
Pans are bolted to forged link chains supported on heavy-duty lifetime
lubricated rollers.
High strength pans resist abrasion and withstand heavy impact loads.
Short pitch and precision-machined chain provides noise-free
discharge of material with negligible impact on receiver.
Chain and roller flanges maintain rigid alignment of pans in relation.
The integrated apron conveyor system is provided with thyristor controlled
speed regulation with DC drive. AC variable or fixed speed drives are
available as optional to skirt.

Rotary Breaker:A rotary coal breaker is designed to receive run-of-mine coal.

The coal breaker provides both positive control of the top size
and liberation of rock from coal.

The rotary principle has the advantage of very low fines

production because undersize coal is immediately screened
out.
Our
very
heavy-duty
construction
minimizes
maintenance and provides long-term, trouble-free operation.
Breakers are available with diameters of up-to 13-6 and
length up-to 29. Feed capacity can exceed 200 TPH and top
size may be as great as 84, depending upon the material
characteristics.

1.Ring Granulator:-

It is a third stage crusher, called ring granulator. This

crusher crushes the secondary crushed into 25 mm coal size.
It is driven by HT motor {655 KW}. This motor is of the
highest rating squirrel cage induction motor in coal handling
plant. The crushed coal is then feed to the bunkers throw
conveyers belt.

2.Grizzly Feeder:The grizzly feeder is used for separation of fines from

primary feed or secondary feed to the crushing plant.
It can be used as an independent unit or can be attached to
a vibrating feeder with single and double stage grizzly
selections.
In both cases the unit is provided with mild steel liners on
the pan and sides of the tray, with coil spring mounting
assembly on each corner.
The vibrating grizzly screen/feeder is tested for heavy duty
application. It has a wear resistant line plate.

Max. Feed ( in Output

mm)
(Ton/hour)

Motor (H.P.)

400
600
800
1500

10
20
25
50

100-200
200-450
300-500
500-1200

|
|
|
|

15
30
40
100

A mill is a device in which a drum is considered which one

rotates on some speed and present ball are also rotates.
From this the coal is pulverized or grained in the form of
powder.
Power plant boiler fuel demand is transmitted as a coal
feeder speed demand to a coal pulverizer control. A speed
controller operates the feeder in accordance with the speed
demand, and a position controller for a hot coal transport air
damper positions the hot air damper to hold the mill outlet
temperature to a set point value and to increase or decrease
damper position in accordance with a feed forward signal
representing the feeding speed demand. A position controller
for a cold air damper regulates the total primary air flow to a

value needed for safe and smooth transport of the

pulverized coal to the boiler burners, and it accordingly acts
as a process trim on the feed forward control applied by the
hot damper controller. This picture shows a high capacity ball
type mill in a thermal power plant.

Here the figure shown is of Pilot Plant Ball Mill System.

The advantage of a ball mill may be summarized as:1.
2.
3.
4.

High output possible up to 50 tones per hour.

No maintains over a long period.
High availability.
This keeps primary air power requirement to minimum.

On the other hand it has some disadvantages also as listed

below:1. High power consumption.
2. Some problem with control of coal level with in the mill.

TECHNICAL DATA:Application
System type
Eff. Dia. of shell
Eff. Length of shell
Shell (rpm)
Total weight of balls
No. of lines
Main motor reducer gain ratio
Bearing type
Coupling type
Lubricant oil temp.
Main motor rating
Auxiliary motor rating

Ball tube mill

Pressurized direct firing
4.7 m
7.2 m
15 RPM
80 tones/period
600 each mill
12.5:1
ball and roller bearing
Fluid coupling
40c
2400 KW
1500 KW

MAIN PARTS OF MILL:

Coal Feeder
Coal Classifier
Speed Reducer
Valve or Damper

Coal Feeder:The coal has come back into the spotlight as an alternative
energy source in thermal power generating facilities around
the world. The coal-fired power plant is increase in the
privately owned electrical power facilities.
We have been known for decades as established
manufacture of weighing equipments that are capable of
working in such a harsh environment.

Pressure-resistant gravimetric coal feeder is continuous

weighing machine used to weigh and feed specified amount
of coal from the coal storage tank directly into the
pressurized mill.

Coal Classifier:Any of various ways in which coal is grouped. Most

classifications are based on the results of chemical analyses
and physical tests, but some are more empirical in nature.
Coal classifications are important because they provide
valuable information to commercial users (e.g., for power
generation and coke manufacturing) and to researchers
studying the origin of coal.

Speed Reducer:Speed Reducers feature wash down coating. January 10,

2005 - Suited for speed reducers, Stainless Bost-Kleen
utilizes
Bisphenol-F type epoxy, which offers chemical, pressure, and
thermal
resistance to prevent wear and cracking caused by caustic
chemicals and high-pressure wash downs as well as
scratches that may occur from contact during installation
and operation. Coating is USDA and FDA accepted, BISCC
certified, and available on all speed reducers.

Valve or Damper:-

Not only are Beck drives designed to eliminate the

shortcomings of other actuators, the many unique design
features make them easy to install, easy to operate, reliable,
maintenance-free and durable. The design also results in
unbeatable control performance that remains consistent
over time and with changing conditions.

ASH HANDLING PLANT

This plant is used to handles the dust or ash particle that
was given by the flu gases or also in furnace. The methods
used for the removal of ash or dust from gases are many
but, for power station application, in STPS. The electrostatic
precipitator, which uses electrical forces to remove the dust
from the gas steam. In ESP our different steps the process of
precipitation:-

Ionization of gases and charging of dust particles.

Dislodging of the particles from the collecting surface.

Migration of the particle to the collector.

Deposition of the charge particles on the collecting
surface.

For the purpose of generates the electrical force of there the

transfer or rectifier are consists at the top of ESP.
Ash slurry in boiler is 3KM away from plant with the help of
pump house.
In each unit 28 hoppers or fields are consists for the purpose
of collection of coal.

PLANT HIGHLIGHTS
The teco-economic clearness for the project was issued
by CEA in June 1991.
The updated or total cost of the stage-1 and stage-2
projects is estimated at 2300 crores or 2050 crores
(including IDC).
It is one of the thermal power station of Rajasthan
which was produces a 1250 MW and 250 MW in each
unit of power.
In STPS the computerized coutronic-E band control and
instrumentation system. The main advantage of this
system is that of any engineer in harmony could be
operates any problems in STPS stage system.
This thermal plant was made before completes its time
or period. So that a lot of money was saved.
The cooling (air conditioner) process is also so good at
all section of STPS.
In this plant the 400 KV and 200 KV switchyard has
been consisted it is first in our country.

Bibliography:

www.powerelectrical.blogspost.com
www.softech-engr.com
www.titanindia.com
www.springerlink.com
www.worldwes.com
A complete book on Thermal Plant Engg. By H.G.Hugg.
STPS Workers
www.dte.rajasthan.gov.in
www.en.wikipedia.org
www.rajenergy.com