Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
I.
INTRODUCTION
S0
L1
L2
S1
S2
S3
L3
35 kV
T2
T1
T3
110 kV
10 kV
10 kV
PNL2 ,U5-2
10 kV
PNL3 ,U5-3
TABLE I.
Overhead
Line
Wire cross-section
(aluminum/steel), mm2
Length,
km
L1
120/19
10.1
L2
120/19
9.1
L3
120/19
10.0
TABLE II.
Transformer
Power
rating,
MVA
T1
TRANSFORMER CHARACTERISTICS
Voltage rating of
winding, kV
*
Me
16
115
38.5
T2
10
115
T3
10
115
Hi
Lo
Hi-Me
Hi-Lo
Me-Lo
11
10.5
17.5
6.5
11
10.5
11
10.5
TABLE III.
LOAD CHARACTERISTICS
Substation
S1
3.5 + j1.5
S2
3.6 + j1.4
0 5.0
S3
1.6 + j0.8
0 5.0
III.
and 8 were later used as the set of input data in neural network
training procedure.
TABLE IV.
*
No.
NL2
W
NL3
W
SL2 *
VA
U5-1*
%
U5-2*
%
U5-3*
%
THDU-1*
%
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2
1
3
5
7
0
0
0
0
1
3
5
7
3
0
0
0
0
1
3
5
7
1
1
1
1
4
5,4+j1,6
7,2+j2,2
8,9+j2,9
10,5+j3,7
5,5+j1,6
7,3+j2,1
9,0+j2,8
10,7+j3,6
6,4+j1,8
8,2+j2,4
9,9+j3,1
11,5+j3,8
5
0,09
0,25
0,41
0,56
0,09
0,26
0,43
0,58
0,17
0,34
0,49
0,62
6
1,34
3,80
6,30
8,47
0,11
0,34
0,55
0,74
1,41
3,77
6,11
8,21
7
0,12
0,34
0,56
0,75
1,31
3,85
6, 23
8,61
1,50
1,74
2,01
1,93
8
0,56
0,99
1,46
1,78
0,90
1,61
2,23
2,66
1,04
0,95
1,91
1,54
21
22
23
24
1
3
5
7
7
7
7
7
1,95
4,52
6,75
8,80
8,69
8,94
9,15
9,28
2,3
2,11
2,44
3,53
25
26
27
28
2
5
4
6
5
2
6
6
11,6+j3,8
0,65
13,3+j4,5
0,82
15,0+j5,2
0,99
16,6+j6,0
1,13
Testing set
10,8+j3,4
0,59
10,8+j3,4
0,58
13,3+j4,5
0,84
15,1+j5,3
0,97
3,07
6,14
5,57
7,15
6,55
3,21
7,99
7,68
1,56
1,71
2,10
2,22
L2
PL2
PNL3
PNL2
U 5-1
THD U-1
U 5-2
5 th harmonic
U 5-3
U 7-2
7 th harmonic
U 7-3
.
.
.
U 13-2
13 th harmonic
U 13-3
input
hidden
output
layers
( X pi V pi
p
U = U actual U trained .
)2 .
VI.
21
22
23
24
1,34
3,80
6,30
8,47
0,11
0,34
0,55
0,74
1,41
3,77
6,11
8,21
1,95
4,52
6,75
8,80
Trained set
*
5-3
0,12
0,34
0,56
0,75
1,31
3,85
6, 23
8,61
1,50
1,74
2,01
1,93
8,69
8,94
9,15
9,28
Testing set
25
26
27
28
3,07
6,14
5,57
7,15
*
5-2
1,35
3,70
6,17
8,49
0,29
0,39
0,57
0,76
1,36
3,72
6,18
8,39
1,87
4,34
6,82
9,02
*
5-3
Error
%
0,20
0,44
0,65
0,81
1,26
3,78
6,32
8,67
1,39
1,64
1,83
2,07
8,83
9,07
9,31
9,42
U5-2 %
-0,01
0,1
0,13
-0,02
-0,18
-0,05
-0,02
-0,02
0,05
0,05
-0,07
-0,18
U5-3 %
-0,08
-0,1
-0,09
-0,06
0,05
0,07
-0,09
-0,06
0,11
0,1
0,18
-0,14
0,08
0,18
-0,07
-0,22
-0,14
-0,13
-0,16
-0,14
0,15
-0,13
-0,03
-0,04
-0,05
0,1
-0,06
-0,17
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
Estimated set
6,55
3,21
7,99
7,68
2,92
6,27
5,60
7,19
6,60
3,11
8,05
7,85
CONCLUSIONS
Actual set
*
5-2
(2)
(1)
Actual set in the rows 1-24 in the Table V is taken from the
rows 1-24 in the Table IV (columns 6 and 7). After the neural
network was trained, the power system was tested by
monitoring known harmonic sources, i.e. obtained from
power system behavior simulating but did not included to the
training set. The rows 25-28 in the Table V show results of
estimating harmonic sources for the power system behavior
data which were out of the selected training set. Accuracy of
the harmonic sources neural estimates (the neural network
outputs) for the non-trained input data was found with regard
to appropriate results of the power system behavior
simulations. The error in the Table V is the difference between
the actual and trained (or estimated) outputs:
[8]