Loudon

This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned
by Google as part of a project

to make the worlds books discoverable online.
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge thats often difficult to discover.
Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this books long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.
Usage guidelines
Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:
+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.
+ Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Googles system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.
+ Maintain attribution The Google watermark you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.
+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we cant offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a books appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.
About Google Book Search
Googles mission is to organize the worlds information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the worlds books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web
at http://books.google.com/

I
ft;
M*-
LOUDON'S
E N Y L M
D I
OF
PLANTS;
COMPRISING TUB
CHARACTER, DESCRIPTION CULTURE, HISTORY, APPLICATION IN THE A
AM> EVERT OTHER DESIRABLE PARTICULAR RESPECTING AU, THE PLANTS
INDIGENOUS TO, CULTIVATED IN, OR INTRODUCED
ivr
BRITAIN.
. lit
MUS. LOUDON
GEORGE DON, F.L.8.
DAVID WOOSTER,
Utk OF TUB ipbwice .
HEW WPKESS/O.V.
LONDON :
L0NQMANS> GEEEN) AND co
1872.
LOSDOS : PR1XTRD BY
POTTISWOOUK ASI) ., NHW-HTKKKT BQUAUE
AND PAHI.IAMKN'T BTIKKT
<>c> tntt. i'b,

g-1- '934
PREFACE
1 thu Vyclopsdia are included all the indigenous, cultivated, and exotic
plann which are now found in, or have been introduced into, Britain. The object
of the work is to give a natural history of these plants, accompanied by such
descriptions, engraved ligures, and elementary details, as shall enable a beginner,
Ik> is i mere English reader, to discover the name of any plant which he may
5nd in flower, refer it lo its proper place, both in the Natural and Artificial
Sistems of Classification, and acquire all the information respecting it which is
uieful or interesting. It must be evident to all who are conversant with the present
sate of botany, and who know tue number of plants which have been introduced
into Britain, that to accomplish such an object within the limits of a volume is a
u<k of no ordinary difficulty ; some explanation of the manner in which it has been
executed may therefore be required.
The Work is divided into Two Parts. The First Part (p. [1.]) contains the
linean or Artificial Arrangement of all the genera and species, with all the
details comprehended in botanical description and natural and artificial botanical
history, and with engraved portraits of one or more species of each genus. The
Second Part (p. 1051.) contains tile Jussieuean or Natural Arrangement of all the
ieoera, without repetition of the species or any details connected with them : but
m the names of the natural orders are added after each genus in the Artificial
System, and as each genus in both arrangements is numbered, a direct reference
maybe had from the second arrangement to the first, and from the first to the
*l] reference may also be had indirectly, through the medium of the Contents
and Indei.
An Introduction is given to each system of arrangement (p. [1.] & 1051.), and
\Vki
""'"0"has,0atneplant
whole
work (p-and*>*).
'n which
its uses
explained,
"hen lie beginner
in flower
would
ascertain
its are
name,
he will
"ra to the Linnean System, as explained in the Introduction to that system
- i and, when he has but a small part of any plant, he will turn to the Natural
4SV*i*5i"1 the General Introduction (p. xix.).
I . 11 Terms, or words not usually found in an English dictionary,
"Plained in the Glossary (p. 1094.) ; and engravings are given of such of
oo)ts designated ^
occason any dfficulty to a beginner. This
^StuL!"0 IntroJuctions CP- [l-J & 1051.) form together a complete
ntret
S>0me" in wious languages (p. 1 108.) may, to a certain
the* m "e useii; ^"''"S
Floras of theplants
variousofcountries
vmJe
8nce 't is the
1Popular
to the remarkable
a country'where
that
ate names are given.
'
(faSuT* f- *e of Plants (c0,umn 3.), and their duration in the
"t*d for t 6 ""Ptovements in botanical description by the Editor, now
firaofib. !i Ltlme-, Ue twenty-three varieties of habit are indicated by
& on 2 ? thsel : as grass for a grass, a bulb for a bulb, a plant
^,
recoTlcct instead
which requires
no exertion
uil''rema pere"."f'iuati':>&c-'&c-'t0
,u lndicaletl a triangle,
of the old
sign, U;
paitaof *, M before> . because, among other reasons, gardeners
othe old si Tti w ? '" "rcles : and a biennial is a double circle, o, instead
"fwe 3 , if stove is s4uare, ; the dry stove three sides of
**> f a wum i L two mi half sUes of a nu. i-J i and the frame two
fWôusBena'rJli'k i"" these (orms- if supposed to indicate the sections of
'""ra which S' 8
as a"ally built, will represent the different
h hai^ "e_mi:al t0 be indicated. By combining the signs of duration
fcvripboi Thi 1' &c' &c-. much room in saved in abridged botanical
^__J^snuequence of the single innovation of the triangle and the
îollj hib.tea in the Encyclopedia of Gardening, 2d edit. 1824, p. 126.
A2
PREFACE.
square, we have simplified and extended the power of indicating the habits and
habitations of plants by signs from ten, the usual number in the most complete
botanical catalogues, to forty, the number employed in this work.
No farther explanation of the nature and uses of this work appearing necessary,
it only remains to present the thanks of the Proprietors and of the Editor to
Aylmkr Bourke Lambert, Esq., F.R.S. V.P.L.S. F.G.S. &c, for allowing
Mr. Sowerby the freest use of Iiis rich botanical library and extensive berbarium,
for the selection of subjects to be engraved ; and to David Don, Eso,., Lib. L.S.,
Mr. Lambert's librarian, for his unremitted and unwearied exertions, during
upwards of seven years, to facilitate the labours of Mr. Sowerby. To Robert
Brown, Esq., F.R.S. V.P.L.S. &c ; to the Council of the Linnaean Society;
and, again, to David Don, Esq., in his capacity of librarian to the Linnaean
Society, the Proprietors are much indebted for similar services; and they beg leave
to thank, in a very particular manner, Messrs. Loddiges of Hackney, for original
drawings of many species, made from living plants in their unrivalled collection
of exotics. Without the herbarium of Mr. Lamhert, and the Hot-houses of
Messrs. Loddiges, this work could not have been produced.
It remains only for the Editor to state, that the botanical merits of this
publication belong entirely to Professor Lindley, F.R.S. L.S. G.S. &c; and J.
D.O. Sowerby, Esq., F.L.S., &c. The former gentleman determined the genera
and the number of species to be arranged under them ; prepared the specific cha
racters, derivations, and accentuations; either" wrote or examined the notes;
and corrected the whole while passing through the press: the hitter, assisted by
David Don. Esq., and Messrs. Loddiges, sought out the figures, dried specimens
or living plants, necessary for illustration, and made drawings of them on the blocks
to be engraved, in that accurate and scientific manner, and with that appropriate
taste, for which his late father was long so much distinguished, and for which
he himself has not yet been equalled in this or in any country. All that the
Editor can deem to be his own is the plan of the work ; and if this be found not
to have failed in answering those expectations which the state of science, in botany
and the compilation of books, might have warranted in 1822, when this work was
commenced, he will have obtained all the approbation to which he is entitled.
I)uy*watert May, 1829.
J- L.
The Supplements which accompany the present edition of the Encyclopaedia of
Plants contain the most important species and varieties of plants which have been
introduced into British gardens, or been originated there between 1827 and 1855. A
new General Index is also given. The First Additional Supplement was prepared by
Mr. W. H. Baxter, Curator of the Royal Botanic (iarden, Oxford ; and revised
by George Don, Esq., F.L.S. ; and the Second Additional Supplement has been pre
pared by Mr. Don, assisted by Mr. David WoosTER,.late Curator of the Museum
at Ipswich. The drawings of the plants for the woodcuts of both Supplements
have been made by J. D. C. Sowerby, Esq., F.L.S.
The First Additional Supplement was prepared by my late husband ; and in the
present one I have endeavoured, as closely as possible, to follow the same plan. As,
however, the publication of this Second Additional Supplement was unavoidably
delayed from the difficulty of finding living specimens or dried plants, to serve as copy
for some of the woodcuts, I have, assisted by Mr. Wooster, added an Appendix
containing the most important of the plants which have been introduced since the
letterpress of the Supplement was completed. In preparing this Appendix I have
been greatly indebted to the Bon Jardinier for the present year, published by M.
Louis Vilmorin, of Paris; and to Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter, whose very able
collector, Mr. Lobb, has introduced so many new and valuable plants.
Bayswater, April, 185.
J. W", L,
To indicate when a reference to the Supplement is necessary, a cross (+) it
placed in the body of the work before such genera as are divided or repeated, and also
m those places where new genera should have come in ; and a before such species
us have some further information given respecting them in the Supplement.
C O N T ENTS.
Parrace
List of Books referred to
- iii Abbreviations used in the Linnean Arrangement xix.

-vii General Rules for Pronouncing Botanical Names -xx
List of Authorities for Genetic and Specific Names xv " General Introduction
xxi.
.
-
598
600
600
602
604
LINNEAN ARRANGEMENT.
Introduction to the Linnean Arrangement
Table of Linnean Classes
MoNANDRIA, genera and their characters -
Monogynia, genera and species
Digynia, genera and species

D1ANDRIA, genera and their characters
-

-
10 |
Digynia, genera and species Trigynia, genera and species

Polygynia, genera and species
HEPTANdria, genera and their characters

Tetragynia, genera and species
Heptagynia, genera and species
OCTANDRIA, genera and their characters
Trigynia, genera and species
ENNEANDRIA, genera and their characters
Heragynia, genera and species
DEcANDRIA, genera and their characters
-

Pentagynia, genera and species
Decagynia, genera and species
DoDECANbRfA, genera and their characters
Pcntagynia, genera and species
Dodecagynia, genera and species
IcosaNDRIA, genera and their characters
Di-pentagynia, genera and species
Poly ANDR1a, genera and their characters
-
108
.
-
.
-
2: 6
298
298
208
300
302
324
326
328
332
332
- 334
-
336
340
364
338
- 372
-
380
300
392
392
- 398 |
.
.
-
398
406
406
- 406

DinvNAMIA, genera and their characters
Gymnospermia, genera and species
Angiospermia, genera and species
TETRADYNAMIA, genera and their characters
Monadelphia, genera and their characters
Pentandria, genera and species
Heptandria, genera and species
Octandria, genera and species
Decandria, genera and species
Dodecandria, genera and species
Polyandria genera and species
-
298
2.
234
236 :
240
288
290
408
410
- 424
- 442
- 456
- 458
- 470
- 472
-
474
476
490
494
512
- 536
- 560
-
194
52
74
76
80
- 294 |
- 296
Octandria, genera and species

Decandria, genera and
PolyADELPHIA, genera and their characters
Polyandria, genera and species
SYNGENESIA, genera and their characters
AEqualis, genera and species
Superflua, genera and species
Frustranea, genera and species
Necessaria, genera and species
Segregata, genera and species
GYNANbRIA, genera and their characters
Monandria, genera and species
Diandria, genera and species
Herandria, genera and species
Monoecia, genera and their characters
Monandria, genera and species
.
Triandria, genera and species
.
Tetrandria, genera and species
Hexandria, genera and species
...
Monadelphia, genera and species
Dioecia, genera and their characters
Monandria, genus and species
Triandria, genera and species

Tetrandria, genera and species

Octandria, genus and species
Enneandria, genera and species
Dodecandria, genera and species
Icosandria, genera and species
Monadelphia, genera and species
PolyGAM1A, genera and their characters Monarcia, genera and species
Diaccia, genera and species
CRYProGAMA, genera and their characters
Filices, genera and species
Polypodiaceae, genera and species
Osmundaceae, genera and species Ophioglossea, genera and species
Equisetaceae, genus and species
Lycopodinea, genera and species

arsileaceae, genera and species
Musci, genera and species
Evaginulati, genus and species
Waginulati Olocarpi, genera and
ies
-
- 224
-
30
34
- 118
28
- 104
- 14 |
[1]
[2]
-
28

TETRANbRIA, genera and their characters
M
'a, genera and species
JDigynia, genera and species
PENTANDRIA, genera and their characters
HExANbRia, genera and their characters
1 | D1ADELPHIA, genera and their characters .


TRIANDRIA, genera and their characters
562
568
650
650
652
660
666
696
730
738
744
748
750
766
766
768
770
772
772
780
786
788
790
800
816
8%
8%
8%
xs
*)
OR;
892
894
894
896
896
Paginulati Schistocarpi, genus and spec. 916

Hepatica, genera and species
Algae, genera and species
Diatomeae, genera and species
Nostochinae, genus and species
Confervoideae, genera and species
Ulvaceae, genera and species
Florideae, genera and species
Fucoideae, genera and species
Lichens, genera and species
Idiothalami, genera and species
Caenothalami, genera and species
Homothalami, genera and species
Athalami, genus and species
Pseudo-lic
s, genera and species
Fungi, genera and species
-
- 018
- 924
- 926
- 926
- 930
- 940
- 940
- 944
- 948
- 950
- 956
- 970
- 974
- 974
-
978
- 578
Hymenomycetes, genera and species
- 986
Gasteromycetes, genera and species
- 1022
Hyphomycetes, genera and species
- 1036
- 1040
578
580
- 532
A 3
Coniomycetes, genera and species
vi
CONTENTS.
NATURAL ARRANGEMENT.
Introduction to the Jussieuean System
1051
VASCULARES.
Dicorylebones.
Ranunculaceae
Dilleniaceae
-
Magnoliaceae
Berberidea-
Podophyllaceae
Hydropeltidee
Nymphaeaceae
Papaveraceae
Fumariaceae
Cruciferae
Flacourtianeae
Capparideae
Violarieae
Polygaleae
Droseraceae
Bixineae
Cistineae
Menispermeae
Caryophylleae
-
Acerineae
Balsamineae
#!
iaceae
Cedreleae
Aurantiaceae
Ternstrmiaceae
Camellieae
Olacineae
Rutaceae
Coriarieae
Ochnaceae
Simarubaceae
Celastrineae
Rhamneae
Bruniaceae
Homalineae
Terebinthaceae
...
...
-
Leguminosae
Equisetaceae
Lycopodineae
1058 | Cunoniaceae
1058 | Araliaceae
1058 l Umbelliferae
1059 || Hamamelideae
1059 | Lorantheae
1060 l Valerianeae
1060 | Dipsaceae
1060 l Campanulaceae
1060 | Goodenoviae
1060 l Gesnerieae
1060 | Ericeae
-
1061 | Ebenaceae
1061 | Oleinae
1061 l Jasmineae
1062
1062
1062
1062
1062
1062
1062
1063
1063
Gentianeae
Bignoniaceae
Cobaeaceae
Polemoniaceae
Convolvulaceae
|
1
|
|
Boraginese
-.
-
1063 l Labiatae
1063 | Pedalinae
Myoporineae
|
||
|
|
Verbenaceae
Acanthaceae
Lentibulariae
Primulaceae
... 1067
- 1068
... 1068
... 1068
... 106.8
... 1068
... 1068
... 1069
- 1069
. 1069
... 1069
- 1069
... 1069
- 1069
- 1069
- 1070
- 1070
- 1070
- 1070
- 1070
- 1071
- 1071
... 1071
- 1071
- 1071
... 1072
- 1072
- 1072
- 1072
- 1072
- 1075
- 1075
- 1075
- 1073
... 1075
- 1075
... 1076
- 1076
- 1076
- 1076
- 1076
- 1076
- 1077
1077
... 1077
- 1077
- 1077
- 1077
- 1077
... 1078
- 1078
- 1078
- 1078
- 1079
- 1079
- 1079
- 1079
- 1079
- 1079
... 1080
-
| Cardiaceae
| Solaneae
| Orobancheae
- 1063
1063
1064
1064
1064
CELLULARES.
Marsileaceae
1000
Aphyllis.
1090 || Musci
Foliaceae.
Filices
- 1063 | Scrophularineae
Samydeae
- 1061 | Apocyneae
- 1061 | Asclepiadeae
Zygophylleae
- 1061 Myrsineae
- 1061 | Sapoteae
-
- 106 | Symplocaceae
Tropaeoleae
Ficoideae
Portulaceae
Cacti
Grossulaceae
- 1060 | Stylideae
-
Malpighiaceae
Hypericineae
Guttiferae
Viniferae
Geraniaceae
Oxalideae
- 1060 | Calycereae
- 1060 | Compositae
...
-
- 1058 | Semperviveae
- 1058 | Saxifrageae
- 1058 || Philadelphea.
Hippocastaneae
Hippocraticeae
Marcgraaviaceae
- 1059 | Rubiaceae
- 1059 | Opercularineae
Sapindaceae
1056
1056
1056
1058
|
|
|
||
Elaeocarpeae
Combretaceae
Passifloreae
Cucurbitaceae
Loaseae
- 1059 | Caprifoliaceae
Byttneriaceae
Myrtaceae
|
|
|
!
105.5 | Halorageae
1055 || Onagrarieae
Tremandreae
Tiliaceae
- 1059 | Rhizophoreae
Lineae
Frankeniaceae
Malvaceae
Bombaceae
1055
1055
1055
1055
- 1055
Annonaceae
Rosaceae
1054 || Salicariae
1055 || Melastomaceae
1090 | Hepaticae
1090
Globularinae
Chenopodeae
Polygoneae
Begoniaceae
Laurineae
Myristiceae
Proteaceae
Thymelaeae
Santalaceae
Elaeagneae
Aristolochiae
Euphorbiaceae
Resedaceae
Calycantheae
Atherospermeae
Empetreae
Urticeae
Amentaceae
Ulmaceae
Casuarineac
Coniferae
Chlorantheae
Piperaceae
Cycadeie
MonocotylenoNEs.
Hydrocharideae
Orchideae
Scitamineae
Canneae
Musaceae
Haemodoraceae
Irideae
Amaryllideae
Hypoxideae
Dioscoreae
Hemerocallideae
A sphodelee
Smilaceae
Bromeliaceae
Liliaceae
Melanthaceae
Butomeae
Alismaceae
Commelineae
Junceae
Eriocauleae
Pandaneae
Naiades
Restiaceae
Palmae
Gramineae
Cyperaceae
Aroideae
Fluviales
Algae
Fungi
1084
1084
1085
108.,
108,
1085
108,
108t,
1086
1086
1086
1086
1086
1086
1087
1087
1087
1087
1087
1087
1087
1087
1087
1087
1(rRS
1088
1889
1(180
1000
Lichens
1091
1091
1060
1080
1080
1080
1080
108C
10Su
11181
108.1
1081
1081
108.1
1082
1082
it,82
1082
1082
10-3
103
1083
1083
108:3
1083
108's
10ns,
108">
1084
1084.
1084
Amaranthaceae
Illecebreae
Glossary of Terms Table of Synon mes in all Languages

First Additiona{ Supplement, bringing down the Work to March, 1839
Second Additional Supplement, bringing down the Work to March, 1855
Supplementary List
General Index of Latin and English Names
-
Plumbagineae
Plantagineae
Nyctagineae
109.4
1 108
1143
1283
1539
1548
1001
1001
1092
NAMES OF BOOKS REFERRED TO.
A. ac pa. 860.
Act. par.
Mmoires de l'Acadmie Royale
Abb.ins. 780.
Abbott's Natural History of the
Abel China,394.
Abel (Clarke).
des Sciences. 1 vol. 4to,

-1788. Paris.
Insects of Carolina.
De Asso(Ignatius). Synopsis Stir
Asso arr. 556.
1666
Folio.
Aublet, 16
Aub, guian.
pium indigenarum Arrago

niae. 4to. Marsiliae, 1779.
Aublet (Fuse). Histoire des
Plantes de la Guiane Fran
Gaise. 4 vols. 4to.
A Voyage to
China. 4to.
Ac. E. 886.
licantur. 50 vols. 4to, 1682-1731.

De Bononiense Scientiarum et
Artium Instituto Commen
tarii. 4to. Bononiae. 7 vols.
1748-1791.
Act bon. 176.
Act helv. 540.

Ac. h. 828.
Acta Helvetica physico-mathema
Act. holm.944.
Kongl. svenska vetenskaps aca
Act. petr. 58.
Commentarii Academiae Scientia
tico-botanico-medica.
4to.
8 vols.
Basileae, 1757-1777.
demiens Handlingar.
Stockholm, 17391816.
8vo.
rum Imperialis Petropolitanae.

4to. Petropoli, 1728
# #".
ol.
Act. ups. 90.
Acta literaria et Scientiarum Up

saliae publicata. 8vo. 1720
Allion.94.
Allioni (Carolus). Rariorum Pe

demontii Stirpium Specimen.
All. auc. 16.
Id. Auctuarium ad floram Pe.
1816.
1 vol. 4to. Taurini. 1755.
Balb, diss 676.

Balb. miss 66.
rini, 1789.
Flora Pedemontana, 3 vols.
fol. Taurini, 1785.
Alpinus (Prosper). De Plantis
AEgypti liber. 4to. Venetiis,
1592.
Id.
Alp. aeg. 196.
Bea fl. dOware,

788.
Beauv. Ow. 36.
Bell. taur. 486.
De Plantis exoticis libri duo.
4to. Venetiis, 1629.

Linnaei Amoenitates Academicae,
Amoen. ac. 334.

Am...ac.382
seu dissertationes antehac

seorsim editae. 10 vols. 8vo.
lanea Botanica. 4to.
Miscel.
1804.
Banks (Josephus). Icones selectae

Plantarum quas in Japonia
collegit et delineavit E.
Kaempfer. Fol. London, 1791.
Banks r. hous.26. Id. Reliquiae Houstonianae. 4to.
London, 1781.
Barr. ic, 24.
Barrelier (Jacobus). Plantae per
Bar. rar. 204.
Galliam, Hispaniam, et Italiam
observatae. Fol. Parisiis, 1714.
Bartr. trav. 480. 7 Bartram's Travels in North Ame
Bartr. iter. c. ic.
rica. 8vo.
Batarra,990.
Batarra (John Ant.). Fungorum
Agri Ariminensis Historia.
4to. Faventiae, 1759.
Batsch. cent. 988.7 Batsch (Aug. Joh. Georg. Carl).
Bats cont. 990.
Elenchus Fungorum. 4to,
Halae, 1783-1789.
Bauh. pin. 672.
Bauhin (aspar). Pinax Theatri
Botanici. 4to. Basileae, 1623.
Bauh. prod. 24.
Id. Prodromus Theatri Botanici,
in quo plantae supra 600 pro
Id.
Alp, ex. 94.
Balbis (Joh. Baptist.).
Banksic. Kae.806
demontanam. 1 fasc. 4to. Tau
All ped. 16.
London,
1773.
Acta Eruditorum quae Lipsiae pub
Ber. ca. 722.

Be. c. 288.
nuntur. 4to. Franc. Moen.

620.
Palisot de Beauv.
Flore des
Royaumes dOware et de
Benin. Folio. Paris, 1805.
Bellardi (Ludovico). Osservazioni
Botaniche, con un Saggio d
Appendice alla Flora Pede
montana. 8vo. Torino, 1788.
Bergius (Peter Jonas). Descrip
tiones Plantarum ex Capite
Bonae Spei. 8vo. Stockholm,
1767.
Holmiae and Lipsiae, 1749, et
Am'n (Johan) Stirpium rario
Berl. mag. 1036.
Am. rut. 14.
Berlin, 17651767.
Besl.eys. aes. 90. T Besler (Basilius). Hortus Eystet
B. ey. a. 160.
2 vols. fol. Nuremberg,
And, ger. 578.
rum in ImperioButhenosponte
provenentium Icones et De
scriptiones. 4to. Petrop. 1739.
Andrews (Henry). Coloured En
# of Geraniums.
Fol.
ndon.
And hea. 304.
Id.
1802-1809.
Ann, bot. 4.
#"
Bieb. cent. 278.
don, 1805 and 1806.
Blackw. 34.
Blackw. hor. 622.
Naturelle. 20 vols. 4to. Paris,

1802-1813.
Charkoviae.
Annales du Musum d'Histoire
Bieberstein (Marschall von). Cen

turiae plantarumrariorum Ros
:*
Bivon. cent 676.
Biv. cen. sic.724.
Annals of Botany, by C. Knig

and J. Sims, 2 vols. 8vo. Lon
Ann. mus. 354.

An. Inu.88.
sammlte schriften. 4 vols. 8vo.
B. cen. 16.
Coloured Engravin
of
Heaths, with botanical de
scriptions. 3 vols. fol. London,
Berlinischer Magazin, oder ge
Bocc. mus. 88.
Ard. me. 176.
Arduini (Pietro). Memoria di Os

servazioni e di Sperienze sopra
la Coltura e gli Usi di varie
Piante. 4to. Padova, 1766.
Ard. spec. 24.
Id. Animadversionum
As r. 2.
Asiatic Researches, or the Trans Boerh, 22.

actions of the Society insti Boer. lug. 600.
tuted in Bengal. 4to, Calcutta,
1788, &c.
A 4
Bivona Bernardi (Antonin.). Si

cularum plantarum Centuria
rima. 8vo. Panormi, 1806.
Blackwell (Eliz.). A curious her.
bal containing 600 cuts of the
useful plants. 2 vols. fol. Lon
don, 1737.
Boccone (Paolo). Museo di Piante
rare della Sicilia, Malta, Cor

sica, Italia, Piemonte, et Ger
mania. 4to.
Bocc. sic. 158.
botanica
rum Specimen. 4to. Patavii,

1759.
Id.
Venetia, 1697.
Icones et Descriptiones rario
rum Plantarum Siciliae, Me

litae, Galliae, et Italiae, 4to.
Londini, 1674.
Boerhaave (Hermannus). Index
Plantarum
quae
in
Horto
Acad. Lugd. Bat, reperiuntur.

8vo, Lugd. Bat. 1710.
viii
Bolton fung: 986.
Bolton (James).
A History of Com. prael. 244.
Commelyn (Caspar). Praeludia Bo

tanica ad publicas Plantarum
Funguses growing about Hali

fax, 4to. Huddersfield, 1788
Demonstrationes, 4to. L. Bat.

1703.
Id. Horti Medici Amstelodamen
sis Plantae rariores et exoticae.
-1791.
Bolton fil. 878.
Bot. cab. 2.
Id. Filices Britanniae. 4to. Lon.

don, 1785-1790.
The Botanical Cabinet. By Conrad
Loddiges and Sons. 14 vols.
12mo, and 4to, published
monthly.
Bot mag. 2.
The Botanical
Bot reg. 2.
Bot rep. 4.
The Botanical Register.

8vo,
14 vols. London, 1815-1829.
The Botanist's Repository for new
Brad. succ. 262.
London, 1797, et seqq.

Bradley (Richard). Historia Plan
Bre. cent. 184.
London, 1716-1727.
Breynius (Jacobus). Exoticarum
Com. rar. 180.
Cook it. v. 286.
Cook (James). Voyage round the
Cor. can. 88.
Cornuti (Jacob). Canadensium

Plantarum aliarumque non
World 2d). 2 vols. 4to, 1777.
Magazine. 8vo,
durn editerum. Historia.
57 vols. London, 1787-1829.
and rare Plants, 10 vols, 4to,
tarum
Succulentarum.
5 vols. 8vo.
Cyrill.ic. 76.
Cyrillo (Domenico). Plantarum

rariorum Regni Neapolitani
Specimen. # Neapol. 1788
Dalec. lug. 583.
4to,
1792.
Id. Prodromus Fasciculirariorum

Plantarum in Hortis Hol
landiae observatarum. 2 vols.
De Asso ar. 552.
Dalechamps (Jacques). Historia

generalis Plantarum. 2 vols.
fol. Ludg. 15861587.
De Asso (Ignatius). Synopsis
4to. Gedani, 16801689.

Bridel (Samuel Elias). Musco
logia. 4to. Gothae et Parisiis,
Dec. diss. 548.
ragoni.N. 4to. Marsiliae, 1779.

Decandolle (Augustin Pyramus).
Dec. ic. gall. 548.
4to,
Id. Icones
Dec. legum. 854.
rariorum. 4to, Paris, 1808.

Id. Mmoires sur les Legumi
Plantarum Centuria. Fol.Ge
dani, 1678.
Bre. prod. 686.
Brid, mus. 914
Plantarum indigenarum Ar
Dissertations differens sur la
Botanique. Various fascicles,
1797-1803.
Bro, jam. 100.

B.jm.88.
Brot, phyt. 556.
Bruce Abys. 856.
Buchoz ic. 302.
Bulliard, 986,
Bull.
Browne (Patrick). The Civil and

Natural History of Jamaica.
Fol. London, 1756.
Brotero (Felix Avellar). Phyto
Lusitaniae select. Fol.
lyssip. 1801.
Bruce (James). Travels to disco
ver the Source of the Nile.
5 vols. 4to. Edinburgh, 1790.
Bucnoz (Pierre
Collec.
tion des Fleurs. Fol Paris.
Bulliard. Histoire des Champig
nons de la France. Fol. Paris,
Bull.champ.1022.
Bull herb. 154.
Bull ph. n. 546.

B. ph. n. 278.
Bur amer. 150.
Burmann (Johannes). Rariorum

Africanarum plantarum De
cades 10, 4to. Amstelodami,
1738-1739.
Id. Plantae Americanae
Flora Malabarica, sive Index

in omnes tomos Horti Malaba
rici. Fol. Amst. 1769.
Bur zey. 68.

Bur, zeyl. 90.
Cam. hort. 218.
Id. Thesaurus
Cat. car, 10.
Catesby (Marsh). The Natural His
1808.
Watson (P. W.).
Desf, atl 46.
Desfontaines(Ren Louiche). Flo

ra Atlantica. 2 vols, 4to. Paris,
Zeylanicus. 4to.
Ca. d. 182.
Cav. ic. 18.
tory of Carolina, Florida, &c.

2 vols. fol. London, 1741-1743.
Cavanilles (Ant. Jos.). Mona
delphiae classis Dissertationes.
10 vols. 4to. Paris, 1785
1789. Madriti, 1790.
Id. Icones et Descriptiones Plan
tarum quae autsponte in His
nia crescunt aut in Hortis
hospitantur. 6 vols, fol.
Ma
drit. 1791-1800.
Clus, exot. 622.
Clusius (Carolus). Exoticarum

librix. Fol. Antwerp, 1605.
Clus. hist. 52.
Id. Rariorum Plantarum historia.
Co. gott. 90.
Fol. Antwerp, 1601.

Commentarii Societatis regiae Sci
entiarum Gttingensis. 4to.
1798-1799.
Dil el. 94.

D. elt. 132.
D. e. 158.
Dil. Mus. 892.
Col. ecph. 34.

Com. hort. 22.
Columna (Fabius). Minus cogni

tarum stirpium Ecphrasis. 4to.
Romae, 1616.
Commelyn (Caspar). Horti Medici
Amstelodamensis
rariorum
Id.
nes. 2 vols. folio. Amst. 1703.

Commentarii Academiae Scienti
Historia
Muscorum.
Oxonii, 1741.
Dillwyn (Lewis Weston).
4to.
Synop
sis of the British Confervae.

4to. 1802-1814.
Dodar. mem. 636.

Dod. me. 164.
Dod. pempt. 98.

Duh. arb. 104.
Duh, ed. n.
Duh. nov.
Dun. mon, 480.
Dun. sol. 156.
Dodart (Denys). Mmoires pour

servir l'Histoire des Plantes.
Fol. Paris, 1676.
Dodonaeus or Dodoens (Rambrot).
Stirpium Historiae pemptades
vi. Fol. Antwerp, 1583.
Duhamel du Monceau (Henri
Louis). Trait des Arbres et
Arbustes qui se cultivent en
Franceen pleine Terre. 2 vols.
4to. Paris, 1755.
Id. The same work, a new edi.
tion, by Michel 5 vols. folio.
Paris, 1801-1816.
Dunal (Michel Felix). Monogra
phie des Anonacecs, 4to.
Id. Histoire naturelle, medicale,
et conomique, des Solanum
et des genres qui ont t con
fondus avec eux. 4to.
1813.
Mont
''
Du Roi (Joh. Phil). Die Harb

kesche
wilde
2 vols. 8vo.
Edin, phil.
"?
1040.
Plantarum Descriptio et Ico

Coin pet. 348.
Hortus
Elthamensis, 2 vols. fol. Lon.
Dillw.conf 930.
Di.co. 926.
Duh. ar. e. n.
1785-1793.
Dillenius (John Jac.).

dini, 1732.
Du Roi, ed. 868.
1751-1816.
Dendrologia
1 vol. 1825.
Deutschl, fl. 1044. Sturm (Jacob).

Deutschlands
Flora. 2 vols. 4to. Nurnberg,
1798, &c.
Dick.cr. 922.
Dickson (James). Plantarum Cryp
togamicarum Britanniae Fas
ciculi. 3 vols. 4to, London,
Franc. Maen. 1588.
Cav. diss, 48.
4to.
Dend brit 144.
Amst. 1737.
Camerarius (Joachim). Hortus

Medicus et Philosophicus, 4to.
Galliae
Delile (Alire Rafeneau).

M
moires Botaniques extraits
de la Description de l'Egypte.
Fol. Paris, 1813.
De la Roche (Franois). Eryngi
orum necnon generis movi
Alepideae Historia. Fol. Paris,
Del. eryng. 210.
C.
Plumier detectae et a J. Bur

Id.
Plantarum
Britannica.
Id. Herbier de la France. Fol.

1780, &c.
Bulletin des Sciences par la So
cit Philomathique de Paris.
manno editae. Fol. Amstelod.

1755.
Bur ind 192.
neuses.
Del. egyp. 558.
1798.
1791-1816.
Bur. afr. 82.
4to.
Paris, 1635.
Greville (Charles Kaye). The
British Cryptogamic Flora.
Crypt. brit 1008.
Ehr. pict. 20.
arum imperialis Petropoli

tanae. 14 vols, 4to. Petrop,
Eng bot, 6.
1728-1751,
E. b. 9.6.
1771-1772.
The Edinburgh
Baumzucht.
Braunschweig,
Philosophical
Journal Edinburgh.8vo, pub
lished quarterly.
Ehret (George Dion.). Plantae et
Papiliones rariores. Fol. Lon
don, 1748-1759.
English Botany, by Sir James Ed
ward Smith, and Mr. James
Sowerby. 36 vols. 8vo.

Esper fuci. 946.
Esper (Eug. Joh. Christ.). Icones

fucorum, Abbildungen der
Tange. 4to. Nurnberg, 1797
Ex. bot. 12.
Exotic Botany, by Sir James Ed

ward Smith. London, 1804
-1799.
The
Hermann (Paulus). Horti Lug

duni Batavi Catalogus. 8vo.
Ludg. Bat. 1687.
Id. Paradisus Batavus. 4to, Lugd.
Her parad. 92.
-1808.
Ex. fl. 626.
Her lugd. 160.
Exotic
Bat. 1798.
H.& L. f. p. 122. T. Hoffmannsegg and Link. Flore

Hof et L.
Portugaise. Fol. Berlin, 1806
R:
-1829.
Flora, by W. J.
Hooker. 3 vols. 8vo.
Edin
Hoff ph. 14.
Hoffmann (Georg. Franz.). Phy

tographische bltter. 8vo. Got
Hoff sal. 826.
Id.
H. sal 820.
illustrata. Fol. Lipsiae, 1785.

Hooker (William Jackson). The
burgh, 1825-1827.
Ferr. hesp. 654.
Ferrari (Joh. Baptist). Hesperides,
Feuille, 844.
tur et usu. Fol. Romae, 1646.

Feuille (Louis). Journal des Ob
servations Physiques, Mathe
sive demalorumaureorum cul
Feuiii, ch.
Feuill it.
matiques, et Botaniques, faites
Feuill per.
Feu. per.
dans l'Amerique Meridionale,

&c., 4to. Paris, 1714-1725.
Fl. dan. 16.
Icones Plantarum
Fl. dowar. 522.
nin. 2 vols. fol.
Exotic
Fl lapp. 820.
Linnaeus (Carolus)., Flora Lap
don, 1806-1829.
Willdenow (Car. Lud). Hortus

Fol. Berlin, 1806
Hort. cliff. 24.
Linnaeus (Carolus). Hortus Clif.

fortianus. Fol. Amst. 1737.
Aiton (William). Hortus Kew
en".
Hort. Kew. 704.
Hoffmansegg and Link. Flore Por

tugaise. Fol. Rostoch and
Berlin, 1806, &c.
Forskahl (Petrus). Icones rerum
naturalium. 4to.
Hafniae,
ensis. Ed. 1. 3 vols. 8vo. Lon.
Hort. trans. 38.
don, 1789.
Transactions of the Horticultura
Society of London. 7 vols. 4to
Host. gr. 50.
Host (Nicol. Thom.). Icones et

Descriptiones Graminum Aus
triacorum. 3 vols, fol. Vindob.
1801-1803.
Hout. pfl. 786.

Houtt syst. 590.
Ho.sys 544.
Houttuyn (Martin). Des ritters.

von Linn Pilanzensystem
nach der anleitung des Hout
tuynschen werks. 14 vols.
8vo. Nurnberg, 1777-1788.
Hum. no. g. 692.
Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth.
1775-1776.
Fras mo, en. ic.56.
Fries obs. 1032.
Frazer (John). A short History

of the Agrostis Cornucopia.
Fol. London, 1789.
Nova Plantarum Genera et

Species. 7 vols, 4to.
Paris,
Fries (Elias). Observationes Myco

logica. 12mo, 2 vols. Hafniae,
Ic. hor kew.306. Bauer (Francis). Delineations of
1815 to 1825.
Exotic Plants cultivated in the
1815-1818.
Fuchsic. 160.
Gaertn. 688.
Gae. de fr. 214.
G. de f. 628.
Gaert. sem. 104.
Gaer. s. 380.
Garid. aix,90.
Garid prov. 542.
Fuchs (Leonhard). De Historia
Royal Garden at Kew, publ.
Stirpium Commentarii insig

nes. Fol. Basiliae, 15421545.
by W. J. Aiton. Fol.
Il
don, 1796.
Icon. Kaempf 152. Icones selectae Plantarum in
Japonia collegit et depingi
curavit E. mpfer.
Fol.
London, 1791.
Isnard in the Acta Parisiensia.
Is ac. p. 122.
Jac. amer. 34
Von Jacquin (Nicolas Jos.). Stir
ium Americanarum historia.
Gaertner (Josephus). De Fructibus

et Seminibus Plantarum.
vols. 4to. Lipsiae, 1788-1791.

-
(Pierre Joseph) . His:

} Garidel
toire des Plantes qui naissent
aux environs d'Aix. 2 vols.fol.
Aix, 1715.
Ger. ema. 90.

Ger. herb. 22.
''",
The Herbal or
General History of Plants.
1 vol. fol. London, 1797. En
larged by Johnson. 1 vol. Fol.
Gerard
1633.
Ger. prov.
Gmel it. 14.
Gmel. sib. 54.

G. sib. 122.
Gouan ill. 210.
Goua. m. 118.
Gre cryp fl. 900.

Gre sc cry.912.
Gerard (Ludovic). Flora Gallo

provincialis. 8vo. Paris, 1761.
Gmelin (John George). Reise
durch Sibirien. 4 vols. 8vo.
Gtting. 1751-1753.
Id.
Flora Sibirica.
Petropol. 1747-1769.
Gouan (Antoine). Illustrationes
botanicae. Fol. Tiguri, 1773.
Id. Hortus regius Monspeliensis,
8vo. Lugduni, 1762.
Greville (Charles Kaye). The
Scottish Cryptogamic Flora.
Hacquet (Balthazar).
Plantae
Alpinae Carniolicae. 4to. Vi
en
Hall. helv. 528.
Hall. hist. 14.

Ha. h. n.
H. n. h. 52.
'ol
ob, 1786-1796.
Jac. ecl gra. 58.
jac gr. & 6% & 14

Jac. ecl.
Hay. tum. 66.
Jac. hort. 616.

Jac. hor. vin. 646,
Jac. vin. 4.
Jac.ic. 4.
Jac. ic. rar. 22.
Id. Hortus Botanicus Windobo

nensis. 3 vols. fol. Vindob.
Jac. pl. rar. 16.

Jac. misc. 198.
Jac. m. 368.
1793.
} Id. tanicam,
Miscellanea Austriaca ad Bo.
&c., spectantia. 2
vols. 4to. Vindob. 1778-1781.

Id. Observationes Botanica. Fol.
Jac.ox. 384.
Vindob. 1764-1771.
Id. Oxalidis
iconibus
illustrata. 4to.
indob. 1792.
Botanici
Iconibus illustrati.
4to, Berlin, 1799.

Hed. sp. mus. 900. Hedwig (Johannes). Species Mus
frondosorum.
Lipsiae, 1801.
4to.
N:
Jac. schn. 24.
Id. Plantarum rariorum Horti

Caesarei Schoenbrunensis. 4
vols. Fol. Vindobonen. 1797
1804.
6 vols.
8vo, Zurich, 1791-1793.

Hayne (Frid. Gottlieb). Termini
1764-1776.
Id. Icones Plantarum rariorum.

3 vols. Fol. Vindob. 1781
Jac. obs, 52.
Jacq. schb. 4.
corum
1816.
nts
Botanica. Fol. 1800
-1809.
Id.
H. in un, an 276. Haenke (Thadaeus), in Usteri's

Annalen der Botanik.
Eclogae Botanicae. Fol. 1811
Jac. frag. 68.
1782.
Haller (Albert). Historia Stir

pium indigenarum Helvetiae.
3 vols. fol. Berne, 1768.
1763.
Jac.am. pic. 246.7. Id. The same work with coloured

J. a. ed. pi. 304.
lates, no date.
Jac. aust 16.
Id. Florae Austriacae icones. 5 vols.
fol. Vindob. 1773-1778.
Jac. col. 16.
Id. Collectanea ad Botanicam, &c.
spectantia. 5 vols. 4to. Win:
Jc. co sup. 96.
4 vols. 4to,
4 vols. 8vo.
Hac. pl. al. 118.
Fol.
Berlin.
Hort. ber. 66.
1799.
Forsk. ic. 102.
3 vols. 8vo.
1812-1816.
Amstelodami,
Flora Peruviana et Chilensis.

3 vols. folio. Madriti, 1798
Fl port. 16.
Flora
Hoo. mus br. 902. See Musc. Brit.

Hor phys, br. 28. Horae Physicae Berolinenses.
Ruiz (Hippol) et Pavon (Jos.).
Flper. 26.
Salicum Iconibus
-1810.
*
'. Flora Graeca, ed.
J. E. Smith 6 vols, folio Lon.
8vo.
tingen.
istoria
1825-1827. Edinburgh.
Id. Monograph of the British
Jungermanniae. 4to. London,
Hook-jung.918.
Paris.
Fl. graec. 6.
I'757.
Hook. ex fl. 2.
Hooker fl. ex. 18.
tenascen
tium in regnis Daniae et Nor

vegiae, &c. 9 vols. folio. Haf.
niae, 1761-1829
Palisot de Beauvois. Flore des
Royaumes d'Oware et de Be
ix
Jac. stap. 198.
Id. Stapeliae cultae. Fol. Vindob.
Jour. his n. 676.
Journal d'Histoire naturelle, 4to.

2 vols. Paris, 1792.
Jo. of Sc. 244.

Journ. sc. 750.
Journal of Science, edited at the

Royal Institution. 8vo, pub.
1806-1815.
lished quarterly.
NAMES OF BOOKS REFERRED TO,
Jung. ic, rar. 14.
Junghans (Phil Carp.). Icones

Plantarum ad vitam impressae.
Fol. Halae, 1787.
L. hort cliff 844.7 Linnaeus (Carolus, filius). Hortus
Jus. an. m. 658.
Jussieu in the Annales du Mu
Linn trans. 16.
Kaempfr. 102.
Kaempfer (Engelbert). Amoeni

tates Exoticae. 4to. Lemgoviae,
Kaempfr. ic 616.
Knor. del 614.
Lob, ic. 94.
1712.
Id. Icones selectae Plantarum. Fol.
London, 1791.
Ker (John Bellenden). Recensio
Plantarum hucusque in Repo
sitorio Botanicorum depicta
rum. 4to. London, 1801.
Knorr (Georg. Wolfgang). De
Ker's rev. pl. 252.
Cliffortianus.
liciae naturae selectae.
fol.
2 vols.
Nurnberg, 1766-1767.
Knor th: 160.

Kno, the 134.
Id. Thesaurus rei herbaria hor
Krock sil. 16.
Krocker (Ant. Joh.).
tensisque universalis, 2 vols.
Lef hisp. 744
Amster
Lening Peter. Iter Hispanicum.

8vo. Stockholm, 1758.
Loef, it rar.
Loeselius
Loes, pruss. 370.
Flora Prussica.
4to. Regiomonti, 1793.

Loiseleur Deslongchamps (J. L.
A.). Flora Gallica. 2 vols.
12mo, Paris, 1806-1807.
Lois, fl. gall. 658.

L
Fol.
dam, 1737.
Transactions of the Linnean So
ciety of London. 4to. Lon
don, 1791-1829.
De Lobel, or Lobelius (Mathias).
Stirpium Icones. 4to. Ant
werp, 1591.
L. t. 182.
seuin.
Kaem. am.
Kae, amoen. 806.
Linn. cliff. 638.

Li. h.cl. 166.
dan. 930.
*P.
2 Lyngbye
(H.
C.).. Hy
Hydrophy
to
Dani
*: phytidan.
ca. 4to. Copen
fol. 1770-1772.
siaca renovata.
Flora Sile
2 vols. 8vo.
Kum. nov. g. 688.
Vratislaviae, 1787-1790.
Kunth (Car. Sigism.). Nova Ge
nera et Species Plantarum.
7 vols. 4to. Paris, 1825.
Kunth mim.854.
Id.
&c.
Fol.
Paris, 1791-1812.
Martyn (John).
Id. Novae Hollandiae Plantarum

imen. 2 vols. fol. Paris,
Lab. syr. 26.
1d. Icones Plantarum Syriae rario
1806.
rum Decades 10.

1791-1812.
4to.
Mass stap. 198.
Mem. m. 8.
Mmoires du Musum d'Histoire
Mem. petr. 20.
Transactions of the Academy of

St. Petersburgh. 4to. Petersb.
Merian (Maria Sybilla).
De
Metamorphosibus Insectorum
Fol. Hagae,
Naturelle, 4to. Paris, 1815
Paris.
Relation du Voyage la
recherche de la Peyrouse.
Paris, 1798. 2 vols. 8vo.
Lamarck
Baptiste Monet de
la). Illustration des Genres.
4to. Paris, 1791, &c.
Lambert (Aylmer Bourke). De
scription of the Genus Cin
chona. London, 1797.
A description of the genus
Pinus. Fol. London, 1803. Suppl. Fol. London, 1825.
Picot de la Peyrouse (Phili
).
Figures de la Flore des Py
renes. Fol. Paris, 1795
1829.
Merian. sur. 626.
Lam. ill. 12.
Lam. cinc. 842.
Lapey, fl. 368.

Lapeyr. pyr. 164.
1801.
#namenium.
726.
Mich. am. 18.
Michaux (Andr). Flora Boreali

Americana. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris,
Mich. querc. 794.
1803.
Id. Histoire des Chnes de l'Ame
Mich. arb. 794.
rique septentrionale. Folio.

Paris, 1801.
Michaux (Andr Franc. fils). His
toire des arbres forestiers de
l'Amerique septentrionale. 3
vols. 4to. Paris, 1810-1313.
Micheli (Peter Ant.). Nova Plan
tarum genera. Fol. Florence,
Roses from Nature. Fol. Lon
Mich. ge. 166.

Mic. gen. 50.
Mi. n. g. pl. 640.
don, 1799.
Mil. dic. 796.
Miller (Phil.). Gardener's Dic

tionary. Fol. ed. 8, 1768; the
Mill ic. 18.
Id.
Lawr. ros. 442.
Lawrence (Miss). A collection of
Lawr. pass. 566.
Id.
Leers.
leers. her. 66.
Leers (John Dan.). Flora Herbo
Six
1729
numbers of coloured
figures of Passion Flowers.

Fol.
London.
nensis. 8vo. Colon. Allobr. 1789.
Lehm, ic asp. 120. Lehmann (J. G. C.).
Plantae As
rifoliae Nucif.
erlin. 1818.
2 vols. 4to,
Lehm, nic. 136.
Id. Gen. Nicotianarum Historia.
LHer ger. 568.
LHeritier (Charles Louis). Ge

raniologia. Fol. Paris, 1787,
4to, 1818.
1788.
Id. Sertum Anglicum sive Plantae

rariores. Fol. Paris, 1788.
LHer stirp, 234. Id. Stirpes novae aut minus cog
L. He. s. n. 156.
nitae. Fol. Paris, 1784-1785.
Lightf fl. scot. 940. Lightfoot (John). Flora Scotica.
2 vols. 8vo. London, 1777.
Lind. coll. 8.
Lindley (John). Collectanea Bo
tanica. Fol. London, 1821.

Id. Digitalium Monographia. Fol.
London, 1821.
Id. Rosarum Monographia. 8vo.
London, 1820.
Linnaeus (Carolus). In the Trans
actions of the Upsal academy.
Id. Amoenitates academicae. 10
Lind. ros. 442.
Li.ac.up. 166.
Lin. am ac. 498.
vols. 8vo,
Ed. 1.
Holm.
Lips. 1749, &c.

Linnaeus (Carolus, filius).
Lin, fasc. 336.

L. fil. fa. 52.
et
Plan
tarum rariorum Horti Upsa
liensis fasc. 1. Fol. Lips. 1767.

Lin. fil. de 482.
Lin. dec. 120.
Id.
Plantarum rariorum Horti

Fol. Stock.
762-3.
n" Decas.
best.
Figures of Plants described
in the Gardener's Dict. 2 vols.
fol. London, 1760.

Mnch (Conrad). Methodus Plan
tas horti et agri Marburgensis
describendi. 8vo. Marburg,
Moench. m. 132.
1794.
Mnch. weis. 426.
L'Her ser. 96.
Lind dig. 528.
Cent. 1. dec.
1-5. Fol. London, 1728.

Masson (Francis). Stapeliaenovae.
Fol. London, 1798.
Meerburg (Nicol.).
Plantarum
selectarum Icones pictae. Fol.
L. Bat. 1798.
Id.
Lab. voy. 342.
Historia Planta
rum rariorum.
Meerb ic. 106.
Lab. nov. ho. 130.
Mart. cent. 118.

Mart. dec. 192.
Lab ic. pl. sy. 684. Labillardiere (Jac. Jul.). Icones

Plantarum Syriae rariorum.
784.
rerum naturalium Braziliae.

Fol. L. Bat. 1648.
Mimoses et autres Plantes
Legumineuses du nouveau
Continent. Fol. Paris, 1819,
Lam, pin. 802.

Lamb. pin. supp.
Mag. b. mo. 128. R. Magnol(Petrus). Botanicon Mons

Magn. mons.612.
peliense. 12mo, Monsp. 1686.
Magn. hort. 170. Id. Hortus Regius Monspeliensis.
8vo. Monsp. 1697.
Marc. bra. 512.
Marcgravius (Georg.).
Historia
Id. Verzeichniss Auslndischer

Bume des lustschlosses Weis
senstein, 8vo,
Mor. 6.
Mor. h. 124.
Frankf. 1785.
###
Morison (Robert).
M. h. 3. 120
Mo ox s. 538.
Plantarum
Historia Universalis Oxoni

ensis, 2 vols. fol. Oxon. 1680.
Moris. s.94.
Mr. s.
M. s. 208.
Mor. umb. 224.
Id.
Plantarum umbelliferarum
distributionova. Fol. Oxon.
1672.
Murray 24.
Murray (Joh. Andr.). Prodromus
designationis.Stirpium Gottin
gensium. 8vo.
otting. 1770.
Murr. 22.
Mur got 34.

Mur. co, got 98.
M. c. g. p. 330.
Hooker and Taylor. Muscologia

Britannica. 8vo. London, 1818.
N. a.c. ber 72.
Nova acta Academiae Berolinensis.
Nees crypt. 1008.7 Nees v. Esenbeck (C. G.). Das
Nees pilze, 998.
System
der
Pilze und
Nees syst. 1010.
Schwamme, 4to, Wurtzburg,
Musc. brit. 896.
1817.
N. ac. p. 614.
Nova acta Academiae Parisiensis.

N. c. p. 276.
N. co pet. 510.
Ort. dec. 192.
"Novi Commentarii Academiae Cae

sarea. Petropolitanae.
De Ortega (Cas. Gomez). Nova
rum aut rariorum Plantarum,
Hort. R. Madritensis Decades.
Osb. it. 176.

Pal ac.
506.
P. a. p. 216.
Pall. astr. 340.
4to. Madrid, 1797, 1798.

Osbeck (Peter).
A Voyage to
China, &c. 8vo. London, 1771.
Pallas (Peter Simon), in the Pe
tersburgh Transactions.
Id. Species astragalorum descriptae
et iconibus illustratae.
Folio.
Lips. 1800.
Id. Reise durch verschiedene pro
Pall it. 46.

P. i. 120.
vinzen des Russischen Reichs.

3 vols. 4to. Petrop. 1771-1776
Pall. ross. 8.
Id. Flora Rossica.
Park. par. 240.
Parkinson (John).
Fol.
Park. thea. 104.
Id.
Par. lond. 16
London, 1640.
Salisbury (Rich. Ant.). Paradisus
Po. it. ed. ger. 404. Poiret (J. L. M.). Voyage in Bar
2 vols. 8vo. Strasb.
#
ut.
Poiteau et Turpin. Flore Pari

sienne. Fol. Paris, 1808, &c.
Pon. bald. 640.
Pona. (Joh.). Plantae seu Simpli
cia quae in Baldo Monte repe
riuntur. 4to. Basiliae, 1608.
Pursh flam. 22. R. Pursh (Frederick). Flora Borea
Pursh am. 160.
lis Americana. 2 vols. 8vo.
London, 1814.
Quer fl. 76.
Quer (Martinez). Flora Espa
mola. 4 vols. 4to. Madrid,
Pt. et T. fl. 8.
1762-1764.
Rauw.ic. 316.
Rauw. it 822.
Rauwolf (Leonh.). Aigentliche

beschreibung der Raiss in den
Red lil 2.
gen, 1582-1583.
Redout'
(P. J.). Les Liliaces.
Red ros. 448.
1816.
Id. Les Roses. Fol.
Petrop.
Morganlander. 4to. Laugan
1784-1788.
A Paradise of
Pleasant Flowers.
Fol. Lon.
8 vols. fol.
don, 1629.
Theatrum Botanicum.
Fol.
Londinensis. 2 vols. 4to. Lon
#W'"
V
illiam).
A Voyage
to
":
the North
West Pas
Parry's append.
ppe
Pa
Pass. hort. 242.
sage. 4to., London.

Passaeus (Crispinus). Hortus flori
Paris,
1802
Paris.
'* Re: Houstonianae. 4to.
Lon
pl. h. 24.
Ren. spec. 276.
R.
on, 1781.
Reneaulme (Paul). Specimen His

toriae Plantarum. 4to. Paris,
1611.
dus. Fol.
Paterson (william). A Narrative
Pers. disp. 1038.
of Four Journeys into the

Country of the Hottentots.
4to. London, 1789.
Persoon (Christ. Henr.). Tenta
men dispositionis methodicae
Fungorum. 8vo. Lips. 1797.
Id. Icones pictae specierum rari
orum Fungorum. 4to. Paris
Pers. ic. pict.
*}
and Strasb. 1803.
Pers syn. 996.
Retzius (And. Joh.).
Rheede 18.
Rh. mal.
R. mal. 4.
Riv.mon. 16.
ridion Botanicum. 2 vols.12mo,
Pet gaz. 312.

P. gz. 98.
Naturae et Artis. Fol.

don, 1702-1704.
Lon
Pet. h. br 226.
Id. Herbari Britannici Catalogus.
Petiv. fil. 876.
Fol. London, 17021704.

Id. Pterigraphia Americana. Fol.
Pet. mus. 308.

Ph. tran. 604.
Pic. h. p. 350.
London.
Id. Musaei Petiveriani Centuriae
10. 8vo, London, 1695.

Transactions of the Royal Society
of London, many vols, 4to.
London, 1665-1816.
Piccivoli (Giuseppe). Hortus Pan
ciaticus, 4to. Firenze, 1783.
Pis. bras. 246.
Piso
Plant grass. 230.
ralis Braziliae. Fol. Amster

dam, 1648.
De Candolle (Aug. Pyr.). Plan
tarum
":
Historia Natu
Historia
succulenta
Fol. and 4to. Paris, 1799
Id. Ordo Plantarum flore irregu

Robert (Nicolas). Icones Planta
rum. Fol. Paris, 1701.
De la Roche (Daniel). Dissertatio
de Eryngiis.
Roemer (Jac. Joh.). Archiv. fr
lari tetrapetalo.
rariorum
Roche diss. 42.

Roem. arc. 10.
die Botanik. 3 vols, 4to,

-1799.
1796
1787.
Roxburgh (William). Plants of

the Coast of Coromandel. 2
vols. fol. London, 1795-1798.
(Edward).
Plantarum
Roxb. cor. 4.
Rudg. gui. 86.

Ru.p.g. 2.
} *:uianae
rariorum Icones et
descr. Fol.
London, 1805.
##
Rumphius (George Everh.). Her
Itum amb. 102.

ru am 4.
barium Amboinense. 6 vols.

fol. Amst. 1750.
Sabbati (Liberatus). Hortus Ro
manus. 7 vols. fol. Romae,
Sabb, hort. 334.

Sabb, rom. I58.
ariae. 3 vols. fol.
Sal. st. ra. 2.
Salisbury
Sant itin. 798.
London, 1791.
Santi (George). Viaggi al Mont
Vienna,
(Richard
Anthony).
Icones Stirpium rariorum. Fol.
802-1812.
Amiata e per la Toscana. 3

-
Savipis. 62.
Plukenet (Leonard). Phytogra
phia
Stirpium
illustriorum,
8:c. 4s.vols.
4to. London,
1691
Plk. mt. 50.

Pl, man. 82.
Lips.
Ro. in.ac. ha. 870. Id. In the Copenhagen Transac

tions, or Acta Hafniensia.
Rottb. gr. 48.
Rottboll (Christ. Friis.). Descrip
Rt. gm. 50.
tiones et Icones Plantarum
rariorum. Fol. Hafniae, 1773.
Roth. abhan. 576. Roth (Alb. Wilh.). Botanische
Abhandlungen und Beobach
tungen. 4to.
Nuremberg,
Hun
Pluk. 18.
Pluk. al. 22.
50.
Fol.
1699.
1772-1784.
Waldstein (Franc.) et Kitaibel

(Paul). Descriptiones et Icones
Plantarum
Pi ann
mais12.
Indicus Malabaricus. 12 vols.
Rob ic. 522.
-1803.
Pl, rar. hu. 96.
Lon
Hortus
Riv. tetr. 546.
eillies dans les Iles Australes
d'Afrique. 4to. Paris, 1806.

Petiver (James). Gazophylacium
don, 1774-1791.
Van Rheede (Henricus).
fol. 1678-1703.
Rivinus (Aug. Quirinus). Ordo
Plantarum Flore irregulari
monopetalo. Fol. Lips. 1690.
Id. Synopsis plantarum s. Enchi
Paris, 1805-1807.
Pa.. th or afr. 764. Aubert du Petit Thouars (Aubert).
Histoire des vegetaux recu
Observa
tiones Botanicae, 4to.
Arnheim, 1614.
Pater it. 57
Pers. ic. 994.
Retz. obs. 212.

Retz. st. 16.
Schaeffer 986.
Sch. 1002.
-1706.
vols. 8vo. Pisa. 1795-1806.

Savi (Gaetano).
ora Pisana
2 vols. 8vo. Pisae, 1798.
Schaeffer (Jac. Christ.). Fungorum
Bavariae et Palatinatus Icones.
4 vols. 4to.
Ratisbonae, 1702
1770.
Sch. br. 16.
Schk, ba. 204.
Pl. m. 102.
Plk phyt. 48.

Plumier, 28.
Plumier (Charles).
Plum, fil. 878.

Pl, fil. 880.
Plu. gen, 350.

Pl. r. gen, 804.
: 26.
I'lum spec. 348.
Pl. sp. 688.
Description
des Plantes de l'Amerique.
Plum. amer. 514.
Schk, bot. 668.
Fol. 1693-1712.
Id. Trait des Fougres de l'Ame.
rique.
Fol.
Paris, 1705.
Id. Nova Plantarum Americana
rum genera. 4to.
Paris, 1703.
Schk car.
Sc. ca. 774.
Schk, fil. 878.
Schrank (Franz. v. Paula). Bai

ersche Flora. 2 vols. 8vo. Mu
nich, 1789.
Schkuhr (Christ.).
Botanisches
handbuch. 3 vols. 8vo. Wit
tenberg, 1791-1803.
Id. Histoire des Carex ou Laiches
8vo. Leipsig, 1802.
Id. Abbildungen der Farrn
krauter.
Id.
Plantae Americanae C. Plu

mier detectaect a J. Burmanno
editae. Fol. Amst. 1755,
s: h, "
Id. Botanisches Handbuch, 3 vols.

8vo. Wittenberg, 1791-1803.
xii
Schm. ar. 12.
Schmidt (Franz.). CEsterreichs

Allgemeine Baumzucht.2vols.
folio. Vienna, 1792-1794.
Tab ic. 94.
Schm, ic. 176.
schmiedel (ca. Christ), icones
Tenore nap. 544. 7 Tenore (Michel). Flora Napoli

Ten fl. nap. 24.
tana. 4 vols. fol. Neap. 1811
Ten neap. 132.
&c.
Th. act haf 732. Thunberg (Car. Petr.). In the
Copenhagen Transactions.
Th. ac. st. 17.Q.
Id. In the Stockholm Trans
#arum.
Folio.
Norimb.
*t, *.
Schm. mycol. 1038. Schmidt. HistoriaMycologica. 8vo.

Schne ic. n. 316. Schneevooght (G. Voorhelm).
Icones plantarum rariorum.
2 vols. fol.
Schr. ger. 56.
Schrader (Henr.
Schr. hal. 206.
Id.
Kiobenh. 1800.
''.
Flora
Thu. diss. n. 82.
Commentatio de Veronicis
Th, eric. 308

Thu. eri, n. 314.
Id.
Th. g. n.
Id. Nova plantarum genera. Dis.
Thun. G. 172.
Schranck (Fr. v. Paula)." Plante
Schr. mon, 88
rariores
Horti
Monacensis.
novem. 1781-1798.
Th. jap. 360.
Id.
Th. prot. n.80.

Till pis. 92.
Id. Diss, de Protea. 1781.

Tilli (Mich. Aug.). Catalogus
Tode fun. meckl.
Tra. arc. 864.
Tode (Henr. Jul). Fungi Meck

lenburgenses Selecti. 4to.
Luneburg, 1790.
Tournefort (Joseph Pitton de).
Relation d'un Voyage du Le
vant. 2 vols, 4to, Paris, 1717.
Trattennick (Leop.). Archiv der
Tratt, thes. 544.
Id.
Fol. Munich, 1817-1819
1723.
1038.
1766.
#*
Schr. gram. 54.

Beschreibung der graeser.
Sch. gm. 48.
2 vols. fol. Lips. 17691779.
Schwaegr. sup. 896. Schwaegrichen (Frid.). Species
Muscorum Hedwig supple
Scop. del 24
L' 1811.
Scopoli (Joh. Ant.). Flora Car

niolica. 8vo, Viennae, 1760.
Id. Deliciae florae Insubrica. 3 vols.
fol. Ticini, 17861788.
Sco dl. ins. Q.
Scop, insub.
Tourn. it. 134.
Gewchskunde, 4to,
1811-1812.
naturalium thesauri descrip

fol.
Amst. 1734
u:"
Seg. ver. 16.
Seguier (Joh. Franc.).
S. fl. i. oc. 870.
ronae, 1745.
Swartz (Olof). Flora Indiae occi
dentalis, 3 vols. 8vo. Erlangae,
Plantae
Veronenses, 3 vols. 8vo.
We
17501773.
Trew. pl. rar. 124. Id.
Slo. hist. 28.
Sl. jm. 16.

Smit. ic.fas. 98.
Sm. ic. n. 316.
Sloane (Hans).
A Voyage to
Madeira, Barbadoes, Nevis,
St. Christophers, and Jamaica.
2 vols, fol. Lond. 1707.
Smith (James Edward). Plan
tarum Icones praes. ex herb.
Linnaeano. Fol. London, 1789
-1791.
#" plantarum
Smith ic. pict. 526. Id. Icones

riorum. Fol.
1685.
Turn. fuci, 938.
Turner (Dawson). Historia fuco

rum. 3 vols. fol.
London,
1802, &c.
Botany
Sonnerat (P.). Voyage la Nou.

velle Guine, 4to, Paris, 1776.
Sowerby,986.
Sowerby (James). Coloured figures

of E glish Fungi. Fol.
n
Spreng. fl. hal. 622.
Sprengei (Kurt).
Spr. umb. 210.
Id.
Tentamen novum, 8vo. Halae

Sax. 1806.
Plantarum umbelliferarum
Prodromus, 4to. Halae, 1813.

Stackhousefuci, Q Stackhouse (John). Nereis Britan
942.
nica. Fol. Bath, 1795-1797.
Sturm's Deuts.
Sturm (Jacob). Deutschlands flora.
flor. 1034.
Many volumes 12mo, Nurem
Stur. d.f. S74.
berg, 17981829.
Sw, ob. 22.
Swartz (Olof). Observationes
Botanicae, 8vo.
Erlagna,
We des, pl. n. 772

Vent choix, 12.
Id. Choix des plantes. Fol. Paris,
Vent mal. 18.
Id. Jardin de la Malmaison. Fol.
1803-1808.
1803-1805.
Will, dauph. 540.
Villars (D.). Histoire des plantes

du Dauphin. 3 vols. 8vo.
Grenoble, 1786-1788.
Viviani (Dominic) Florae Italicae
fragmenta. 4to. Genuae, 1808.
Volckamer (Joh. Georg.). Flora
4to. Noribergae,
Vill. delph. 202.

Vill. de 824.
Wi. fragm. 64.

Volck. nori. 700.
#oribergensis.
700.
Voy. de lab. 86.

W. in Roe. et. 618.
Id. Synopsis Filicum, earum ge

mera et species complectens.
8vo. Kiliae, 1806.
Sweet fl. gard. 132. Sweet (Robert).
The British
Flower Garden, 8vo, London,
in monthly num
Wal. & Kit. 232.
W. & K.hung.92.
W. & K, 16.
xers.
Id.
Geraniaceae. 8vo, published

in monthly numbers.
Wahlenberg (George).
Flora
Lapponica. 8vo. Berlin, 1812.
Waldstein (Franc.) et Kitaibel
(Paul). Descriptiones et Icones
plantarum rariorum Hum
gariae. 3 vols, fol. Vienn. 1802
-1812.
Walth. hort. 128.

W. am. 322.
p'shed
Sweet ger. 568.
(See Labill. voy.)

Willdenow in Rmer's Archiv fr
der Botanik.
Wah. lap. 544
179].
Sw, syn. fil. 878.
London, 1804.
des Conferves d'eau douce.
don, 1796-1815, &c.
Flora Halensis
12mo,
4to. Geneve, 1803.

Ventenat (Etienne Pierre). De
scription des plantes nouvelles
ou peu connues du Jardin de
J. M. Cels. Fol. Paris, 1800.
Lon
don, 1793.
Id. Spicilegium Botanicum. Fol.
London, 1791-1792.
Sole (William). Menthae Britan
nicae. Fol. Bath, 1798.
ic. 500.
Sonn. it. 4.
men.
Vent cels.
Smith n. hol. 142. . Id. A Specimen of the

Sm. N. H. 84.
of New Holland. 4to,
Smith spic. 154.

Sm. spicil. 6.
Sole's mints, c.
Tur mus. hi. 914. Id. Muscologiae hibernica speci

Vah. symb. 96.
Vahl (Martino). symbola. Bo
Va., sy. 100.
tanical. Fol. Hafn. 1790-1794.
Vail, bot, par. 994 " Vaillant (Sebastien). Botanicon
Vaill, par. 62.
Parisiense, operis majoris pro
dromus, 8vo. L. Bat. 1723
Vauch. conf. 934. Vaucher (Jean Pierre). Histoire
ra
London, 1790
1793.
Plantae rariores. Ed. J. C.

Keller. Fol. 1763.
Trium. obs, 680. R Triumfetti (Joh. Bapt.). Obser

Tri. ob. 140.
vationes de Ortu et Vegeta
tione plantarum. 4to, Romae,
1797-1806.
Sloane, 68.
Slo, jam. 4.
Vienn.
Thesaurus Botanicus. Fol.

Viennae, 1819.
Trew.ehret. 144. R Trew (Christ. Jac.). Plantae se
Tr. ehrt. 28.
lectae ab Ehret pictae. Fol.
Seba (Alb.). Locupletissimi rerum
Seb, mu. 310.

Seb. th 722.
Lips
Horti Pisani. Fol. Florence,
Icones plantarum minus cog.

nitarum. Decas 1. Fol. Halae,
mentum. 4to.
Flora Japonica. 8vo.

1784.
schreb decad. 638. vonschreber Joh. Christ, ian).
Scop. carn. 214.
Diss. de Erica. 4to. Upsal.

785.
spicatis. 8vo. Gottingae, 1803.
In the Upsal Transactions.

Dissertationes Academicae
Upsaliae sub ejus praesidio
habital. 3 vols. 8vo. Gotting.
1799-1801.
De Halophytis Pallasii. 4to.

Gotting. 1810.
Id. Sertum Hanoverianum. Fol.
Gotting. 1795-1796.
Id.
Th. ac.ups. 846 . Id.

Thun. ups. 204.
Thunb. diss. 46.
Id.
ttingae,
Germanica. 8vo.
1806.
Frankf 1590.
actions.
Schousboe (P. K. A.). Iagttagel

ser over vacxtrigeti Marocco.
Sch, se. h. 220.

Sert han. 364.
Sc. v. 14.
Bassaeo. 4to,
Harlem, 1793.
Schousb. 22.
Scho. mar.c. 554.
4to.
Tabernaemontanus (Jac. Theod.

Eicones Plantarum, cur. N.
Walther (Aug. Frid.). Designatio

Plantarum Horti ejus, 8vo.
Lipsiae, 1735.
Willdenow (Car. Lud.). Historia
Amaranthorum. Fol. Turici,
1790.
Weig, obs. 956.
Weigel (Christ. Ehrenb.).

servationes
Botanica,
Gryphiae, 1772.
Os
4to,
NAMES OF BOOKS REFER RED TO.
Wendl col. 98.
Weinmann (J. Gul.).

Phytan
thoza Iconographica. 4 vols.
fol. Regemb. 1737-1745.
Wendland (Joh. Christ.). Col
We co, pl. 180.
lectio Plantarum tam exoti
Weinm.80.
Wein. phy. 484.
Willdemow (Car. Lud.) Berlinische

Baumzucht.
8vo.
Berlin,
Will ar. 422.

W. arb. 464.
1796.
Willd. ber. 26.
Will.hor. ber. 166.
W. ho. br. 190.
Willd. fl. berol
1032.
Id. Hortus Berolinensis. Fol. Ber.
carum quam indigenarum.

4to. Hannoverae, 1805, &c.
Id. Ericarum Icones et Descrip
tiones. 4to. 1798, &c.
W. er. 504.
Wendl her. 570.
Wer. trans. 900.
Willd ach. 696.
Id.
Hortus Herrenhusanus.
Fol.
1798, &c.
Transactions of the Wernerian
Society of Edinburgh. 8vo.
Willdenow (Car. Lud.). Tractatus
xiii
Wil phy. 138.

Wi. ph. 96.
Zanon hist. 124.
Zorn 1c. 294.
lin, 1806-1810.
Florae Berolinensis Prodro
mus. 8vo. Berlin, 1787.
Id.
Fol. Erlangae,
Id.
#"
17
Zanon (Antonio).
Istoria Bo
tanica. Fol. Bologna, 1675.
Zorn (Barthol.). Icones Planta
rum Medicinalium. 8vo. Nu
remb. 1779-1784.
de Achilleis et Tanaceto. 8vo.
Halae Magd. 1789.
ADDITIONAL NAMES OF BOOKS REFERRED TO.

A. b.
Arboretum et Fruticetum Bri. | Duh. no.
And, rep.
tannicum, by J. C. Loudon, | Fl. au.

F.L.S., &c. 8. vols. 8vo. Lon
don, 18351838.
Andrews (Henry). The Bota Fl. cab.
See Duh. ar. e. n.

Flora Australasica. By Robert
Sweet. 1 vol. 8vo. London,
18271828.
The Floral Cabinet.
nist's
for new and
rare Plants. 10 vols. 4to. Lon
Aub, gui.
don, 1797, et seq.

See Aub. guian.
Bate. orch.
The Orchidaceae of Mexico and
Flora Conspicua.
Fl. con.
1826.
See Fl. graec.
F1. gr.
Fl. nap.
Flora Neapolitana.
lished.
Bauer (Ferdin).
Baxt. Br. Pl.
Baxter's British Phaenogamous

Botany; or Figures and De
scriptions of the Genera of
British FloweringPlants, &c.,
by W. Baxter, # S., &c.,
Forst.
Itinere ad Insulas Maris Aus
tralis, &c. 4to, 1776.

The Gardener's Magazine. Con
ducted by J.C. Loudon, F.L.S.
&c. Vols. 1 to 15. London,
18261839, continued.
G. m.
Curator of the Oxford Bo

tanic Garden. 8vo. 5 vols.
published in 1840, continued
Bir. bot.g.
monthly.
Memorie Matematica e Fisica
della Societa Italiana. 4to.
Gm. si.
H. & B.
See Gmel. sib.
Hook.am.
Flora. Boreali-Americana.
Von Humboldt (Alex. Fr. Henr.)

et Bonpland (Aim). Plantes
Equinoxiales. Fol. 1808.
1 vol. Verona, 1782 & 1816.

The Birmingham Botanic Garden.
Conducted by G. B. Knowles,
F.L.S., & F. Westcott. 1 vol.
Bot. gar.
bers.
Hort. brit.
The Botanist. Conducted by B.

Maund, Esq., F. L. S., as
sisted by Professor Henslow.
In monthly numbers, 8vo.
The Botanic Garden; or Maga
zine of hardy flowering Plants
Hort.
H. tr.
cultivated in Great Britain.
Bot. mis.
Col. h. rip.
Cur. lon.
By B. Maund, F.L.S. 1824,

continued monthly.
The Botanical Miscellany. By Sir
W. J. Hooker, F.R.S., &c.
8vo. London, 1830.
Colla. Hortus Ripulensis. 4to.
Turin, 18271829.
Curtis (William). Flora Londi
nensis. Fol. London, 1777,
Hortus Britannicus.
Den, br.
Desf. at.
Di. el.
Don's Mill.
"?
See Jac. schn.
Led.alt.
Ledebour (Carolus Fredericus)
See Kunth mim.

See Lab. nov. ho.
Lamarck (Jean Baptiste Monet

de). Icones Plantarum in
editae.
Led ic.
Led. fl. ros.
Fol. Berolinae, 1830.

Id. Icones Plantarum novarum
vel imperfecte cognitarum
Floram Rossicam, &c. Rigae,
&c.
Leh. m.
Fol. 1829.
Lehman (J. C. G.). Monogra

phia Generis Primularum.
4to. Lipsiae, 1817.
Dendrologia Britannica:
By P.
1 vol. 1825.
W. Watson.
See Desf. atl.
See Dil. el.
1831-1838.
See Hort. trans.
Jac. sc.
Kth. mim.
Lab m. h.
Lam, ic.
See Dec. legum.
A General System of Gardening

and Botany, &c., founded on
Miller's Dictionary, and ar
ranged according to the Na
tural System. By G. Don,
F. L. S. 4 vols. 4to. London,
By J. C.
Loudon, F.L.S., &c. 1 vol

8vo. London, 1839.
Icones Plantarum Altaicarum,
continued.
Dec. leg.
By
Sir W. J. Hooker, F.R.S.,

&c. Published in 4to. num
4to. 1837.
Botanist.
By Michel
Tenore. 4 vols. fol. Neap.

1811, &c.
Forster (George). Characteres
Generum Plantarum quas in
Illustrationes
#" Novae Hollandiae. Fol.
Bib. it.
By Richard
Morris. 1 vol. 8vo. London,
Guatemala, by James Bate

man, Esq., F.L.S., &c. eleph.
fol. London. Parts 1 & 2 pub
Bauer n. h.
By G. B.
Rnowles, F. L. S., and F.

Westcott. 4to. London and
Birmingham, 1837, 1838.
Lin. tr.
See Linn, trans.
Loud. l. g
The Ladies Flower Garden of
Ornamental Annuals.
Mrs. Loudon.
By
1 vol. 4to.
1840.
Mart, br.
Mic. ar.
Martius (C. F. P.). Nova Genera

et. Species Plantarum quas in
Itinere per Braziliam ann.
18171820. 4to.
See Mich. arb.
-|
ADDITIONAL NAMES OF BOOKS REFERRED TO.
xiv.
'
Pal.
Par. lon.
#
iLondinensis.
ich. Ant.).
See Pal. ac.
Salisbury
disus
4to,
on the genus Philadelphus
See Pater. it.
Paxt. mag.
Magazine of Botany and Register

of Flowerin By J.
Paxton, F. . S., &c. 8vo.
1834, continued monthly.
Pursh (Fred.).
Flora Ameri
canae Septentrionalis. 2 vols.
8vo. London, 1814.
Pl. am.
Poc. or,
Royle ill.
nacensis.
18271828.
Sw, cist.
Sw. l. g.
Sw, fl. g. 2. s.
Id. Cistineae. The Natural Order

of Cistus, or Rock Rose.
1 vol. 8vo. London, 1830.
See Sweet fl. gard.
Id. Second series.
Wahl ec.
Vahl (Martinus).
Wall. asiat.
Wallich (Nath.). Plantae rariores

Asiaticae. 2 parts, fol. Lon
don, 1830.
Willdenow (Car.
Hortus
Berolinensis. Fol. Berlin,
of Natural
18331838.
Schrader (H.A.)
Dissertation.
Munich,
Sertum Orchidaceum. By J.
Lindley, Ph. D., F. R. S.,
&c. Fol. London, 1838.
Sweet (Robt.). Flora Austra
lasica. I vol. 8vo. London,
Sw, au.
See Plumier.
History of the Himalayan

Mountains, and of the Flora
of Cashmere. By Dr. Royle,
F. R. S., &c. 4to. London,
Folio.
1817-1819.
Sert. orch.
A Description of the East and

some other Countries. By
R. Pococke. 2 vols. fol. Lon
don, 1743-1745.
Illustrations of the Botany and
other Branches
Sc. phil.
Sch, mo.
London, 1805-1808.
Patters.
Ph.am.
Not published.
Schranc
(Fr. von Paula.
Plantae rariores Horti Mo
Para
2 vols.
ricanae.
Wall. pl. as, ra.

W. h. b.
Eclogae Ame
Fol. 1796.
L'
1806-1810.
LIST OF AUTHORITIES
FOR
GENERIC AND SPECIFIC N AMES.
Abel. A traveller in China, and author

Buch.
Buchanan. An English physician, and
of a Notice of Chinese plants.
traveller in Nepal.
Acharius. A Swedish professor, and | Bull.
Bulliard. A French writer on Fngi.
writer upon Lichens.
An English botanist, and
Burc., Burch. Burchell.
traveller at the Cape of Good Hope.
Ad., Adans. Adanson. A French systematical bo
tanist.
Burm., Brm. Burmann. A Dutch editor of other
Afz.
A Swedish professor.
people's works.
g., Agh.,
gardh
A Swedish professor, and | Caesap.
Caesalpinus. A famous old Italian bo.
tanist.
'Agdi.
writer upon Algae, &c.
Cavanilles.
Ait.
Aiton.
The superintendant of the Ca., Cav.
A Spanish professor and
botanist.
King's garden at Kew.
Alb.
Albertini. A writer upon Fngi.
Cels.
Cels. A French nurseryman.
Chamisso. A German traveller round
A/b.&Schwe.
and Schwein
Writers upon | Cham.
Ahel.
Ach.
#.
*#
ngi
All.
Amm.
the world.
Allioni. An Italian botanist.

Ammann. An old Russian botanist.
And, Andr., Andrzejowski.

Andrz.
Arri.
A Russian botanist.
An Italian botanist.
Balbis.
Panks.
A French professor of botany.

A great traveller and patron of
science.
Bat.
Choisy.
A Swiss botanist.
Clusius. An old French botanist and

traveller.
Coleb.
Arduini.
Aub., Aubl. Aublet. A French traveller in Guiana.

Ratb.
Ban.
Chois.
Clus.
Batard.
A writer upon the Flora of
France.
Colebrooke. A celebrated English writer

upon Indian plants.
Commelin. A Dutch garden botanist.
Corr., Cor Corra de Serra. A Portuguese botanist
rea.
and diplomatist.
Comm.
Crz.
Crantz.
Curt.
Curtis. An English writer upon plants.
Cuss.
Batsch.
Batsch.
Baumg.
Baumgarten. . A German botanist
B. C.
Botanical Cabinet.
A writer upon Fngi.
Beauv.
Sons.
Palisot de Beauvois.
A French tra
veller and botanist.
By Loddiges and
An Austrian botanist.
Cusson. A Swiss writer upon d':

liferae, whose wife burnt his her
barium.
Cyr.
Cyrilli. An Italian botanist.
D.C., Dec. Decandolle. A celebrated French sys
tematic botanist.
Del.
Delile. A French professor, and tra.
veller in Egypt.
Defontaines. A French botanist, and
Berg.
A Swedish writer upon Cape | Desf.
traveller in Barbary.
plants.
Bern., Bernh. Bernhardi. A German botanist.
Desv.
Desvaux. A French professor of botany.
Dickson. An English cryptogamic bo.
Bert., Bertol.
A writer upon the Flora of | Dicks.
tanist.
taly.
Bess.
Besser. A Russian professor, resident | Dill., Dillw. Dillwyn. An English writer upon Con
Bell.
Bellardi.
*:
*#
Bieb
in the Crimea.
Bieberstein.
A Russian
Biv.
B. M.
great note.
Domb.
Bivona. A Sicilian botanist.
Botanical Magazine. By Curtis, Sims, I Donn.
Boer.
Bhm.
Bolton.
botanist of l Dittm.
fervae.
Dittmarr.
Dombey.
A French traveller in South
America.
Donn.
An English gardener and bo
tanist.
&c.
Boerhaave. An old Dutch botanist.
Bhmer. A German botanical writer.
Dufr.
Dufresne.
Bolton.
Duh.
Duhamel. A celebrated French physio

logical botanist.
Dumont Courset. A writer upon French
garden plants.
Dunal. A French professor of botany.
Du Roi. A German writer upon plants.
An English writer on Fngi.
Bon, Bonpl. Bonpland. A French traveller in South

Bork.
America, and botanist.

Borkhausen. A writer upon the Flora
of Hesse Darmstadt.
A French writer upon Va
lerians.
Dzem.
Dun.
Bory.
Bory de St. Vincent.
Bosc.
Bosc.
A French tra- | Durot.

E.B., E. Bot. English Botany. By Sowerby and Smith.
Ehrhart. A German botanist.
A French botanist, and traveller | Ehr.
Bouch.
Boucher.
B. P.
Esp.
Brown's Prodromus Florae Novae Hol. I Ettl.
veller and botanist.

in North America.
Ehrenb.
A writer upon the French
Flora.
landiae.
Pr.
Er. B.
Robert Brown. A celebrated English | Fisch.

botanist, and traveller in New Hol- | Fl.
land.
Bradl.
Ehrenberg. , A German traveller in

Arabia, &c.
Esper. A German writer on Fngi.
Ettlinger. A German writer on Salvia.
Erotic Bota
By Smith.
Fischer.
Flgge.
A Russian botanist.
German
writer
upon
grasses.
Bradley. An old English writer upon | Fl. Brit.
Flora Britannica.
By Sir James Ed
ward Smith.
B R, B. Reg.
succulent plants.
*#
Register.
Aindley
B. Rep.
Botanical Repository. By Andrews and
Brid.
Brot.
Brouss.
Plaerke.
A German writer upon mosses. | Flaerke.
Brotero. A Portuguese botanist.
F. Per., Flp. Flora Peruviana. By Ruiz and Pavon.
Broussonet. A French botanist, and Forsk.
Forskahl. A Danish naturalist, and
traveller in Arabia.
traveller in Barbary.
others.
Brides.
By
Ker and | Fl. Dan.
Flora Danica.
By Oeder, Hornemann,
and others.
Ft. Lond.
Flora Londinensis.
By Curtis and
Hooker.
xvi
AUTHORITIES FOR GENERIC AND SPECIFIC NAMES.
Porrt.
Forster.
Fr.
with Captain Cook.

Fries. A Swedish botanist, and writer
upon Fangi
A traveller in the South Seas
Prax.
Frazer.
A gardener and collector of
lants in North America.
Frol.
Frlich.
Funck. A German crypt.

Gae., Gaert. Gaertner. A celebra
logist.
Gay. A French botanist.
Gay.
Gleditsch.
Gmel, Gm. Gmelin.

Gouan.
Hinke.
Haw.
ic botanist.
carpo.
nian
Loureiro,
1. T.
Cochin China.
Linnean Society's Transactions.
tanist.
Marcg.
Lyngbye. A Danish writer upon cryp

togamic matters.
Marcgrann. An old Dutch traveller in
Mart.
Marthas.
Mass.
Masson. A collector of plants at the
Mayer.
Cape, and elsewhere.

Mayer. Several German botanists of
Lyngb.
Hrazil.
A German botanist.
A Russian botanist, and tra
ic plants.
Hales. A distinguished English writer

upon physiological botany.
Haenke. A German botanical writer.
Mea.
Menz.
Marschall v. Bieberstein. A writer upon

Russian botany.
Medicus. A German botanist of the last
century.
Menzies. A Scotch botanist, and tra
veller round the world with Van
couver.
Haworth. An English writer upon suc.
Hayne.
culent plants.
Hayne. A German botanist.
Hedw.
Hedwig.
A German cryptogamic bo
Mertens. A German professor.
Mey.
Mi, Mich.
Meyer. A German botanist.

Michaur. A French botanist, and tra
Mik.
*:nts.A German writer on Brazilian
Mill.
Mi
Mir.
Mohr.
Mol.
Mirbel. A French physiological botanist.

Mohr. A German cryptogamic writer.
veller in North America.
tanist.
Pleist.
Herb.
Merit.
Hill.
Heister. A German botanist.

Of the Herbarium.
Heritier. A French botanist.
Hortus Kewensis. A catalogue of the

plants growing in the King's garden
at Kew.
Hoff, Haffin. Hoffmann. A German writer upon Um

belliferae, &c.
Rolmsk.
Holmskiold. A Danish botanist.
Hook.
Hooker. An English botanist, and pro
fessor at Glasgow.
Hoppe.
A German botanist, and col
ector of plants.
Horn., Hor Hornemann. A Danish botanist and
Mnch.
Morett.
Moug.
%the gardens.
ost. An Austrian writer upon Grapes
and European plants.

Qf the Paris garden.
Hud, Huds. Hudson. An English writer upon Bri.
Ji. Par.
tish
ts.
Molina.
An Italian writer upon the
natural history of Chili.

Mnch. A German botanist.
Moretti.
Mougeot.
A German cryptogamic bo.
tanist.
A North American bo.
tanist.
Murr.
Mutis.
Murray. A German botanist.

Mutis. A Spanish botanist, resident in
Mr.
Neck.
Michaur. See above.

Necker. A German writer upon botani
Nees.
Nois.
Nor.
Nees v. Esenbeck. A German botanist.

Noisette. A French nurseryman.
Noronha. A Spanish botanist who visited
Madagascar.
Nuttall. A North American botanist.
Ortega. A Spanish botanist.
New Grenada.
rofessor.
**.
An English gardener and bo
Muhl, Mhl. Muhlenberg.
*:
Hort.
Host.
tanist.
Hill. An English compiler of botanical

matters.
H. K.
A Bavarian botanist, and tra
this name.
M. b.
An English botanist, and
writer upon cr
A. Portuguese traveller in
velier in Brazil.
veller in Siberia.
Gowan. A French botanist.
Gr., Grev., Greville.

Greville.
Hal.
Loiseleur Deslongchamps. A French bo.
Lour.
A German writer upon Gen
tiana.
Funck.
Gleditsch.
Lois.
cal affairs
Humb.
Humboldt. A celebrated Prussian tra

veller and philosopher.
Jack...Jacks. Jackson. An English botanist.
J. J.*
Jacquin. An Austrian traveller in South
Jaco.
America, and botanist.
Nutt.
Ort.
Otth.
"
Jones. ... An accomplished writer upon
Otto.
Pali.
Otto. A Prussian gardener.

Pallas. A Russian traveller and na
J., Juss.
Jussieu. A celebrated French system

Panz.
turalist.
Panzer. A German botanist.
Indian matters.
atic botanist.
Kaulf.
Kaulfuss.
Ker.
Ait.
Kn. Pr.
Kon.
Ker.
A German writer upon
erns.
Kunth.
Kunz.
An
'' garden botanist.
Kitaibel. A Hungarian botanist.

Knight's Proteceae.
Otth. A French writer in Decandolle's

Prodromus.
P. de B, Pal. Palisot de Beauvois. A French botanist,

de Beauv.
Pers.
Pet.
Pet. Th.
and traveller in Africa.

Persoon. A German botanist.
Knig. Several German naturalists of

this name.
Kunth. A Prussian botanist
Ph., Psh.
Petiver. An old English botanist.

Du Petit Thouars. A French botanist,
and traveller in Madagascar.
Pursh. A Prussian botanist, and tra.
Kunze.
P. L.
Plin.
*:
A German cryptogamic bo
tanist.
veller in North America.
Paradisus Londinensis.
An ancient writer upon natural
istory.
Lag.
Lagasca.
fessor.
Lamarck. A French botanist.
Plu.
Plumter. A French botanist, and tra
Lam.
La Peyrouse. A French writer upon the
Poir.
Port.
Poiret. A French botanical compiler.

Potteau. A French botanistand draughts
Poll.
Pollich. A German writer on the plants
La Peyr.,
Lap.
Lawr.
Lar.
Ledeb.
A Spanish botanist and pro
plants of the Pyrenees.

Lawrence (Miss). An English flower
painter.
Larmann. A German writer on Sibe
rian plants.
Ledebur. A botanist, and traveller in
L-fil.
Siberia.
Lehmann. A German botanist.
Linnaeus the younger. The son of the
L'Her.
L'Heritier.
Lightf.
Lightfoot.
Lehm.
veller in the West Indies.
man.
Pour.
P. S.
Raddi.
A French botanist.
A writer upon the Scottish
Lind, Lindl. Lindley. An English botanist, and pro

L. K.
Lk, Link.
L., Linn.
fessor in London.
Link. A Prussian botanist.
Link.
Linnaeus. The celebrated Swedish re
Raf, Rafi.
Lobel.
Loe.
Loesel.
An old writer upon plants.
Loddiges.
Rchb.
Rebent.
Red.
An old Prussian botanist.
botanist,
Rafinesque Schmalz. A modern writer

upon botanical matters.
land.
Reichenbach. A German botanist.
Rebentisch. A Prussian botanist.
Redout.
A French botanical draughts
1nan.
Relh.
Relhan. A writer upon the Flora of

Cambridgeshire.
Retz, Rtz.
Retzius. A German botanist.

Richard. A French botanist.
English nurserymen and bo.
tanists.
sis.
Rmer and Schultes. German editors of

R. & S.
Linnaeus's Species Plantarum.
R.B., R.Br., Robert Brown. A distinguished English
R. Brown.
botanist, and traveller in New Hol
former of natural history.

Lob.
Lodd.
Persoon's S
Raddi. An Italian c
and traveller in Brazil.
great Linnaeus.
Flora.
of the Palatinate.
Pourret. A French botanist.
Rich.
AUTHORITIES FOR GENERIC AND SPECIFIC NAMES.

Risso.
R. L.
Rosc.
Risso.
An Italian writer upon Oranges.
Redout's Liliacees.
Roscoe. An English botanist, and writer

upon Scitamineae.
Rotb.
Aoth, Rth.
Rorb., Ror.
Roy., Royen.
Rudge.
Rottboll. A Danish botanist.

Roth. A German botanical writer.
Roxburgh. An Indian botanist.

Van Royen. A Dutch botanist.
Rudge. An English writer upon bo
tanical subjects.
Rudol.
Rudolph. A German botanist.
Sab., Sabine. Sabine. An English amateur of botany.
botanist.
Sal., Salish. Salisbury. An
Salm.
The Prince of Salm Dyck. A noble
Stern.
St. Hil.
Strauss.
Sturm.
Sternberg.
xvii
A noble German botanist.
Auguste St. Hilaire. A French botanist,

and traveller in Brazil.
Strauss. A German writer on Coffee.
Sturm.
A German botanical draughts
nan,
Sw., Swz.
Swartz.
A Swedish botanist, and tra
veller in the West Indies.
Tenore. A Neapolitan botanist.

Ta., Thunb. Thunberg. A Swedish botanical traveller.
Ten.
Savi.
German amateur.
Savi. An Italian botanist.
Thuill.
Tode.
Tou.
Trent.
Trev.
Turner.
Sc., Sch.
Schkuhr. A German writer upon Grasses
Turp.
Turner. An old English herbalist.

Turpin. A French botanist and draughts.
Turr.,
Turra.
Turra.
Tuss.
Tussac.
Wa., Wahl.
Wahl.
A Dutch nurseryman.
Paill.
Vaillant. A French botanist and tra

veller.
A writer upon the Flora of
Pand.
Vandelli. A Portuguese botanist.

Ventenat. A French botanist.
and Ferns.
Schmidt.
Schneev.
Schott.
Schousb.
Schousboe.
Schr.
Schrad.
Schrank.
Schutt.
Schum.
Morocco.
Schreber. A German botanist.
Schrader. A German botanist.
Schrank. A Bavarian botanist.
Schultes. A German botanist.
Schumacher. A Danish botanist.
Schw.,
Schwaegr.
Scop.
"#. Wen.,
A German cryptogamic
botanist.
Sib.
Scopoli. An Italian botanist.

Sibthorp. An English botanist, and tra
Sims.
S. M.
Sm.
Sims. An English garden botanist.

Sole's Monograph of Mints.
Smith. An English botanist, and pur
veller in Greece.
Smith Ft.
Brit.
chaser of the Linnean Herbarium.

Smith's Flora Britannica.
Sowerb.
Sowerby.
An English botanical draughts
Inan.
Spar.
Sparmann.
A French writer on the Flora

A Danish botanist.
Pig.
Pill.
Wiviani.
JV.
Wahl.
Waldst.
Figuier.
JWall.
Walt.
W. & K.
Wallroth. A German botanist.

Walter.
A writer on the Flora of
Carolina.
Waldstein and Kitaibel. Authors of the
Wats,
Flora of Hungary.
Watson. An English writer upon Trees
A writer upon Poppies.
Willars. A French botanist.

Viviani. An Italian botanist.
Willdenow. A German botanist.
Wahlenberg. , A Swedish botanist.

Waldstein. A noble German patron of
botany.
and Shrubs.
A Swedish travelling bo
in the Berlin Garden.

Web.
lyethe.
Weihe.
A German writer on Rbi.
dicinal Plants.
Woods. An English writer on Roses.

Wulf, Wul-Wulfen. A German botanist.
Jen.
Woods.
A German botanist.
A Russian botanist.
#4.
teven.
Stephan.
Weber. A German cryptogamic botanist.
Wendl., Wnl. Wendland. A German garden botanist.

p/ith.
Withering. An English botanist.
Wood.
Woodville. An English writer on Me
tanist.
St., Stev.
Steph.
W.E., Wen. Willdenow's Enumeration of the Plants

Solander. A Swedish botanist, and com
panion of Sir Joseph Banks in Cook's
voyage round the world.
Spr., Spreng.
Treviranus.
of the Antilles.
Schott.
Schwaegrichen.
A French botanist.
inan.
Schaff
Schffer. A German writer upon Fngi.
Schl., Schlect. Schlechtendahl. A German botanist.
Schleich.
Schleicher. A Swiss plant collector.
Schmidt.
A Bohemian botanist.
Schm.,
Schneevoght.
Thuillier.
Tode. A German writer on Fngi.

Tourcy. A North American botanist.
Trentepohl.
A Russian botanist.
ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES FOR GENERIC AND SPECIFIC

NAMES.
Arboretum et F uticetum Britannicum
Booth.
iyilliam Beattie Booth. Describer of

the camellias figured in Chandler's
Adams.
By J. C. Loudon, F.L.S., &c.

8 vols. 8vo. London, 18351838.
F. Adams. A Russian botanist, who
travelled through Arctic and East
Bor.
iv. Borrer, Esq. A writer on British

lants, and one of the authors of
Aud.
ern Siberia.
Audibert. A French collector.
Pot.
Botanist
The Botanist. A monthly publication,

conducted by B. Maund, Esq.,
Brig.
Brong.
Bunge.
J. Brignoli. Professor at Verona.

A. Brongniart. A French botanist.
B. & W.
Barrl.
Bart.
Dartling, M.D., and Wendland, of Gt

tingen, botanists.
Barrelier.
Mexico and Guatemala.
Duke of Bedford. A great promoter of

botany.
Bentham. An English botanist, secre
tary to the Horticultural Society,
Benth.
Berl. Ms.
London.
Berlandier MSS.
Iil.
Blume.
Bay.
Britannica.
F.L.S., assisted by Professor Hen

slow.
A French botanist of 1714.
Darton, M.D. Formerly a professor at

Philadelphia.
James Bateman, Esq., F.L.S., &c. Au
thor of the splendid Orchidaceae of
Bedf.
Illustrations of the Camellieae.
Blume, M.D. A Dutch botanist.

Boffer. A professor of botany in the
Isle of France.
Dr. Alexander Bunge.
A botanist and
traveller in China.
Calcy.
George Caley. For ten years a botanical

collector in New South Wales, and
Carey.
W. Carey, D.D., of Serampore.
Coll.
Colla.
Dav.
D. Don.
J. F. Colladon.
afterwards curator of the botanic

arden at St. Vincent.
Delan.
H. Davies, D.D.
David Don.
A Genevese botanist.
A Welsh botanist.
Librarian to the Linnaean
Society, professor of botany, &c.

Delany. An English artist.
3.
ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.
xviii
Nursery, and curator of the Canter
John Denson, A.L.S. Curator of the

botanic garden, Bury St. Edmunds,
Joens.
Maund.
from 1821 to 1829.
Deppe.
Deppe.
Desp.
Desportes. A French botanist,

David Douglas. Late a collector of
plants in California, &c.
the Botanic Garden and the Bo
A writer on the botany of
tanist.
Mexico.
Dou.
1hrug.
Merat.
Dun. See Dunal.

Duval. A French botanist.
Dun.
Duval.
Ell.
Endl.
Elliot.
|Necker.
Panz.
George Holt'g. Panzer.
and author.
Fischer, a Russian botanist, and Meyer,
Feu.
Feuille. A Chilian botanist.

Dr Gillies, and Sir W. J. Hooker.
Pat.
Patr.
Par.
Part.
a German botanist.
Gaudichaud.
G. E. Sm.
Gill.
Ging.
Patrin.
Govan.
Graf.
P. B. Jy.
Philip Barker Webb. A traveller in the
Penny.
thor of a Flora of South Kent.

Dr. Gillies. A Scotch botanist.
Pf.
George Penny, A.L.S. Botanical culti

vator in the Epsom Nursery.
Dr. Pfeiffer, of Cassel, a writer in the
Garten Zeitung.
Canaries, &c.
Gardener's Magazine. By J. C. Lou
Pohl.
don, F.L.S., 1826-1840. 16 vols.

8vo. (Continued monthly.)
Dr. Govan. Some time superintendant
ofthe botanic garden atSaharumpur.
John Graeffer. Author of a descriptive
catalogue of upwards of 1100 species
and varieties of herbaceous or per
ennial plants. 8vo. 1789.
Pop.
Poppig.
Presl.
Presl.
R. & P.
Ruiz and Pavon.
Reboul.
M. Reboul. Author of a monograph on

Tulipa.
Reinwardt. A botanist of Frankfort.
Dr. Graham. Regius professor of bo
Guss.
tany at Edinburgh:
Joannes Gussone, M.D.
Reinw.
Rh.
Rin.
*abil.
Robs.
Roehler.
Director of
lermo, and a botanical author.

Sir W. J. Hooker, F.R.S., &c., and Ar
mott, M.A., F.R.S.E., &c. Authors
of the botany of Captain Beechey's
Voyage to the Pacific, &c.
Dr. Hamilton. A Scotch botanist and
Rol.
Roll.
Ronalds.
Royle.
traveller in the East Indies.

it. B.
Hort. Brit.
H. B. et K.
Hortus Britannicus.
H. & B.
Humboldt and Bonpland.
Ger
S. & D.
Herb.
Hon. and Rev. W. Herbert.

ous botanist.
Hogg.
Hogg.
Rev. J. S. Henslow.
Professor of bo
Tranz
H. S.
of the London Horticultural Society's
H. tr.
Transactions of the London Horticultu

ral Society.
Hug.
Baron C. de Hugel, of Vienna.
J. C.
J. Cree, of the Addleston Nursery.
K. & W.
Knowles and Westcott.

the Floral Cabinet.
Spach. A writer in the Annales des
Stitch.
St. Hil.
Str.
Stackhouse.
Swt.
Hon. W. F. Strangway's A learned in

vestigator of the Fiora of Europe.
Robt. Street. An English botanist, and
author of several botanical, &c.,
Suz.
Swartz.
and resident at Berlin.

John Lerarza.
A French
author.
Du Petit Thouars.
Tou.
Tournefort.
Trin.
Turcz.
A French botanist.
Liboschutz.
Urv.
l'ahl.
JWal.
botanical
Ji'an.
Westc.
A foreign botanist.
Link and Otto.
A French botanist
An old French botanist
and traveller in Greece and Asia

Minor.
Trinius. A writer on Grasses.
Turczaninoff.
Abotanical collector in
the service of Russia, in li kutzk.
Lee. A nurseryman at Hammersmith.

C. F. Lessing. A writer on Compositae,
Libosch.
Lk. & 0.
Loud.
Loudon.
Taurex.
Thore.
Thou.
A Mexican botanist.
Lessing.
A Swedish botanist and tra
weller in the West Indies.

See Turcz.
Thore. A French botanist.
and traveller in Madagascar.
A. B. Lambert, Esq. The most liberal

botanist in England.
Ier.
An English botanist.
See Hil.
works.
Baron Karwinski. A zealous promoter

of botany in Germany.
Koch. A professor at Erlang.
Labillardire. A French botanist.
Laroche.
Sess. A Mexican botanist.

Sieber. A botanical collector.
Spach.
Conductors of
Lar.
Lee.
Less.
Schlechtendahl and Chamasso. German

botanists.
Schiede and Deppe. Writers on the
botany of Mexico.
Schultes fits. A Bavarian botanist.
Garden, Chiswick.
La Llave.
Rolls n. A nurseryman near London.

Ronalds. A nurseryman at Brentford.
Dr. Royle, V. P.R.S., &c. Professor of
Mat. Med. in King's College. All
Sciences Naturelles.
S&c., 1830.
Karw.
den Plants.
Rolander. A Swedish botanist.
Schlechtendahl. A German botanist.

Schrader. A German botanist.
Author of Anleit. die
Bume und Struche Oesterreichs,
Koch.
Lab.
Lal.
Lamb.
Robson. An English botanist.

Roehler. Author of a Catalogue of Gar
Sch fit.
Sess.
Sieb.
An assidu
A nurseryman at New York.

Hss.
Rheede Author of Hortus Malabaricus.

Rivinus. A German botanist.
Robullard. A French botanist.
Schultes fil. See Sch...fil. above.
tany in the university of Cambridge.
Hoss.
Spanish botanists
Schlecht.
Schrad.
German bo
tanists.
of the Belgian Garden.
A German botanist.
A Bohemian botanist.
History of the Himalayas, &c.

S. & C.
man botanists.
H Bel.
IIensl.
A German botanist.
thor of Illustrations of the Natural
By J. C. London,
F.L.S., &c, 8vo. New ed. 1839.

Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth.
Pohl.
and travellers in Peru and Chile.
the royal botanic garden at Pa
Ham.
A Russian traveller.
Joseph Parton, F.L.S., H.S., &c. Editor

of the Magazine of Botany, and gar
dener to his Grace the Duke of De
vonshire at Chatsworth.
A French botanist.
Grah.
H. & A.
A foreign bo
George Don, F.L.S. Author of A Ge

neral system of Gardening and
Botany, &c. 4 vols, 4to.
Gerard Edwards Smith, Esq., &c. Au
Gingins. A French botanist,
#"#.
A German writer upon bo
tanical affairs.
tanical author.
F. & M.
Gaud.
G. Don.
X. W. Merat. Author of the Nouvelle

Flore des Environs de Paris.
Miers. A South American collector.
Mocino. A Mexican botanist.
Miers.
Moc.
N. ck.
An American botanist.
Stephen Endlicher. A German botanist
G. & H.
bury Museum.
B. Maund, F.L.S., &c. Conductor of
Prussian botanists.
J. C. Loudon. Author of various agri

cultural, horticultural, and botani
Yowell.
D'Urville. A captain in the French navy.

Wahl.
A botanical author.
Dr. Wallich. Superintendant of the

botanic garden at Calcutta.
Wangenheim. A German botanist.
Westcott. One of the conductors of the
Floral Cabinet.
Youell.
A nurseryman at Yarmouth,
Norfolk.
cal works.
Lowe.
Rev. R. T. Lorne. Travelling bachelor

of the university of Cambridge.
M. & S.
Mocino and Sess.
Mast.
W. Masters, F.H.S., of the Canterbury
Zea.
Znc.
Zea. A Spanish botanist.

* J. G. Zuccarini. Author of a mono
Zuccarini. y
graph on the genus Oxalis, al.d of
other papers.
Mexican botanists.
i
TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS AND
REFERENCES
Used in Columns 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.
Column 3.
Habit.
Deciduous tree.
Evergreen tree.
Palm tree.
Deciduous shrub.
Evergreen shrub.
Deciduous under-shrub.
Column 7. Time of Flowering.

ja January.
s September.
o October.
f February.
all roc.
a. r. tr.
ba.
mr March.
bar.he.
ap
my
jn
jl
au
n
d
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
November.
December.
sp Spring.
su Summer.
aut Autumn.
w Winter.
all sea all seasons.
wet w wet weather.
Evergreen under-shrub.
Deciduous twiner, ligneous or
herbaceous.
Evergreen twiner, lig. or herb.

Deciduous climber, lig. or herb.
Evergreen climber, lig. or herb.
Deciduous trailer, lig. or herb.
Evergreen trailer, lig. or herb.
Deciduous creeper, lig or herb.
#, Evergreen creeper, lig. or herb.
Sy Deciduous herbaceous plant.
y: Evergreen herbaceous plant.
* Grass.
*
*
*
*
a
Bulbous plant.
Fusiform-rooted plant.
Tuberous-rooted plant.
Aquatic.
Parasite.
Column 4. Duration and Habitation.

A Perennial.
O) Biennial.
O Annual
D. Bark, or moist, stove.
TJ Dry stove.
L. Green-house.
J Frame.
[ZJ Bark stove perennial.
A] Dry stove perennial.
LA Green-house perennial
-AJ Frame perennial.
[O] Bark stove biennial.
IO) Dry stove biennial.
IC) Green-house biennial.
OJ Frame biennial.
[C] Bark stove annual.
IO) Dry stove annual.
iO Green-house annual.
C, Frame annual.
Column 8. Color of the Flower.

Ap
apetalous. I Li lilac.
AErug aerugiLu lurid.
blue.
blood.
blush.
black.
Bksh blackish.
Br
Bri
brown.
brick-colored.
Brsh brownish.
Bsh bluish.
Bt
country.
cu curious.
cul culinary.
rk for rock
work.
ro robust.
de delicate.
spl splendid.
dy dyeing plant. |tm timber tree.
ec economical. I un unattractive.
el elegant.
esc esculent.
fr fruit tree.
fra fragrant.
gr grotesque.
Colt'MN 6
fit floating.
w weed, abund.
ant in cul
tivated soils
in its native
country.
Height.
P
| Pa
Pk
bright.
purple.
pale.
pink or
rose.
Pl
pellucid.
red.
Ro
rosy.
banks.
bar. gr. barren
und.
barren heaths.
barren pastures.
barren sandy places.
boggy heaths.
boggy places.
bo. m.
bogs
on mountains.
bgs. m.
bo me. boggy meadows.
bor, fi. borders of fields.
bar.pa.
ba.s.p.
bog. h.
bog.pl.
br.
bu. fi.
bu. hi.
bu. pl.
cal
cal.
ch.
ch,
ch,
ba.
ro.
ba.
cl.
fi.
hil.
cn.pa.
ch, so.
ch, wo.
clov.fi.
branches.
bushy fields.
bushy hills.
bushy places.
calcareous banks.
calcareous rocks.
chalky banks.
chalky cliffs.
chalky fields.
# hills.
chalky
tures.
chalky
chalky woods.
clover fields.
cit. gr. cultivated ground.
C
Crunson.
Caes caesious.
Rsh reddish.
Ru rufous.
Rus russet.
cor. fi.
dit.
dit ba.
corn fields.
ditches.
ditch banks.
Ch
chestnut.
Rust rusty-co
d.m.pl.
dry mountainous places.
Ci
Cin
citron.
cinereous. ||S
dr. co.
dr. fi.
dr. he.
dry commons.
dry fields.
dry heaths.
dry pastures.
dry woods.
dry stony places.
dry stony woods.
dunghills.
edges of ditches.
gravelly banks.
gravelly heaths.
gravelly pastures.
ravelly soil.
lored.
scarlet.
Cop copper-co- | Saf saffron.

lored.
Sil silvery.
Crea cream-co- |Smo smoky ash

lored.
color.
dr. pa.
dr. wo.
d. st.pl.
D
dark.
Din dingy.
Spot spotted.
St
striped.
dungh.
Dl
dull.
Str
straw.
ed.of d.
Dp
dee
Su
sulphur.
flesh.
Tan tan-color
gra.ba.
gra.he.
Fer ferruginous
ed.
Fi
fiery.
Taw tawny.
Fla flame-co- 1 Test testaceous.
lored.
Tran transpa
Fut
Fus
G.
Gl
Go
Gsh
Gy
Hoa
fulvid.
fuscous.
gra. Pa.
gra. 80.
hea.
hea w.
W
V
ey.
hoary.
light.
umber-co
lored.
white.
livid.
lored.
ColuMN 9. Native Country.
Cape
of Good Hope.
E.
heaths.
heaths and woods.

hedges.
hedge banks.
Highland valleys.
violet.
variegated.
vermilion. ir.
veiny.
ir.
Wsh whitish.
Y, yellow.
Lem lemon-co- || Ysh yellowish.
L
Ld
d. st.w.
rent.
Umb
green.
glaucous. | V
golden.
Va
greenish.
Ve
C. G.
E.
Ind.H.
CoLUMN 5. Popular Character.
ag agricultural. [m medicinal.
cl clothing.
or ornamental.
cit cultivated in p poisonous.
its native |pr pretty.
O
orange.
Och ochraceous
Ol
olive.
Oliva olivaceous.
11olls.
B
Bd
Bh
Bk
alpine rocks.
alpine rocks and trees.
ir.
ir.
lak.
hilly pastures.
Iris
gs.
Irish mountains.
Irish rocks.
Irish shores.
Irish thickets.
lakes.
m. alp. moist alpine places.

Inar.
marshes.
mar.la.
margins of lakes.
moist alpine woods.
moist chalky hills.
moist chalky soil.
In, a.W.
m. c. h.
m.ch.s.
meadows.
N. Amer. North America.
Inea.
me.
N.Eur.
North of Europe.
N. Holl.
New Holland.
} mountainous heaths.
N. S. W. New South Wales.

S. Amer. South America.
S. Eur,
South of Europe.
V. Di. L. Van Diemen's Land.
W. Ind. West Indies.
m. he.
m.hed.
mic.ro.
In. Ine.
moi, fi.
moigr.
moi. h.
CoLUMN 10
meadows and pastures.

moist hedges.
micaceous rocks.
moist meadows.
moist fields.
moist ground.
moist heaths.
moist places.
Year of Introduction moi.pl.
moiro. moist rocks.
of Erotics, and Localities of Bri moi. w.

tish Species.
mo, pl.
al. bogs alpine bogs.

al. b. p. alpine bushy places,
all hea. alpine heaths.
al. lak. alpine lakes.
al. ma. alpine marshes.
al, me. alpine meadows.
al. riv. alpine rivers.
a 2
mos. b.
moist woods.
mountainous places.
mossy bogs.
mountains.
in pas. moist pastures.
ms, pas. mountainous pastures.
m. r. h. mountainous rocky heaths.
mrit. r. maritime rocks.
*n. r. tr. moist rocks and trees.
noun.
RULES FOR PRONOUNCING BOTANICAL NAMES.
xx
in.
m thi.
m wo.
mud.d.
moist shady places.

mountainous thickets.
mountainous woods.
ditches,
mud.
s. muddy
n of e.
north ofshores.
England.
n of s.
north of Scotland.
*!"
old walls
old wal
os. hol.
pas.
osier holts.
pastures.
pea, d. peaty ditches.
sea sh:
sev, isl.
sea shore.
Severn isles.
w.sh.p. wet shady places.

wy.sh.p. watery shady places.
shaba
sha.bo
sha pl.
la
sha.
shady banks.
shady bogs.
shady lanes.
places.
w, thi.
sh roc. shady rocks.

s. m. pl. shady moist places
so co,
so of s.
south coast.
south of Scotland.
sp. bo.
spongy bogs.
sta.wa.
st in w.
stagnant water.
stones in water.
riv, ba
rivul.
ro, sid,
rub
river banks.
rivulets.
road sides.
rubbish.
sa.hea.
sandy heaths.
sto.wa.
sal. m.
salt marshes.
sa ma.
san
fi,
ran. gr.
san. pl.
sansh.
sa pas,
sandy marshes.
fields.
sandy ground.
sandy places.
sandy shores.
sandy pastures.
sun.hi, sunny hills.

sunro, thickets.
sunny rocks.
thick.
sa.w.d.
salt-water ditches.
saw p. sandy wet places.

sc alp. Scottish alps.
sc, bog. Scottish bogs.
sc. isl.
s, cliffs
sc. ma.
sc. mo.
Scottish islands.
sea cliffs.
Scottish marshes.
Scottish mountains.
sc. pas.
Scottish pastures.
sc roc.
sc. sh.
sc. thi.
sc.wds.
Scottish rocks.
Scottish shores.
Scottish thickets.
sc. wo.
} Scottish woods.
sca co,
sea coast.
sto, hi, stony hills.

sto pa stony pastures.
sto. pl. stony places.
stones and walls.
tr.
tr.&st
tru. tr.
trees.
trees and stones,
trunks of trees.
turbo.
tur, he
unc.gr.
unc.pl.
wa, gr.
turfy bogs.
turfy heath.
uncultivated ground.
uncultivated places.
waste ground.
wet alpine heaths.
Welsh alps.
watery commons.
watery places.
Welsh bogs.
:
w, alp.
wat.co.
wat, pl.
w. bog.
11.
Propagation.
by budding.
C
D
G
i
L
Ls
o
R
s
Sk
cuttings.
division of the plant.

grafting.
inarching.
layers.
leaves.
offsets.
division of the root.
seeds.
suckers.
Column 12
aq.
co,
c.p.
Soil.
-
h.l.
watery places.
common garden soil.
common peat, or bog.
heavy rich clay.
heavy loam.
1.
loam.
lip,
loam and peat, most loan.

light vegetable soil.
light loam.
h.
it.
lt.l..
In s.
p.
p.l..
n.
W. Co.
wet commons.
w. gr.
wet ground.
r.m.
ru.
w lak.
w, roc.
W# lakes.
8.
w.sa.p.
w.s.gr
wet thickets.
Column
Welsh rocks.
wet
sandy places.
wet shady ground.
s.l.
sp.
moist soil.
peat.
peat and loam, most peat.
rich garden soil.
rich mould.
rubbish.
sand.
sandy loam.
sandy peat.
s.p.l. sand, peat, and loam.
RULES FOR PRONOUNCING BOTANICAL NAMES.
syll.Alsles.
1N classical words there are as many syllables as there are vowels, except when w with any other vowel
follows g, q, or s, and when two vowels unite to form a diphthong. The diphthongs are ar, ae, ai, ei, oi, ui, an,
eu, and ou. These seldom coalesce in final syllables; oo, ee, ea, and other combinations which never occur as
diphthongs in classical words, follow, in commemorative names, the pronunciation of their primitives, as
Tedia, Woodsia.
Vowels.
In this work the accented worrels are indicated by the mark placed over each; but as this only points out the
vowel on which the stress is laid, the following observations will be found useful in showing when the vowel
is to be sounded long, and when short. In addition to the primary accent, every word of more than three
syllables contains a secondary accent, which is regulated by the same rules. The secondary accent must always
be at least two syllables before the primary accent, as in Chlidonium; for its place the ear is a sufficient
guide, and even were it entirely omitted, still, however inharmonious, it would not be incorrect.
Every accented penultimate vowel is pronounced long, when followed by a vowel or a single consonant, as
Achilla tomentosa, but it is shortened when followed by two consonants or a double one, as Srbus, Taxus;
except when the first consonant is a mute and the second a liquid, as A'brus.
Every accented antepenultimate vowel, except u, is pronounced short, as Hellborus, Hmulus; but when
succeeded by a single consonant, followed by e or i and another vowel, it is lengthened, as Stellaria; except i,
which is short, as Tilia.
A unaccented, ending a word, is pronounced like the interjection ah, as Sticta (ah).
E final, with or without a consonant preceding, always forms a distinct syllable, as Silne, Alo; also when
the vowei is followed by a final consonant as Tri-ch-ma-nes, not Tri-cho-manes.
I unaccented, if final, sounds as if written eye, as Spica vnti (eye), but, when it ends a syllable not final, it
has the sound of e, as Mspilus (Mespelus), Smithii (Smithe-cyc).
Y is subject to the same rules as i.
The diphthongs at and a conform to the rules for e, ei is generally pronounced like eye; the other diph
thongs have the common English sounds.
conson ANTs.
C and g are hard before a, o, and u, as Crnus, Galium; soft before e, i, and y, as Cetraria, Citrus
T, s, and c, before ia, ie, ti, fo, iu, and cu, when preceded by the accent, change their sounds, t and c, intosh,
as Bletia, Vicia; and s into zh, as Blasia: but, when the accent is on the first diphthongal vowel, the preceding
consonant preserves its sound, as aurantiacum.
-
Ch, before a vowel, is pronounced like k, as Chelidonium (ker), Clchicum (kolkekum); but in comme
morative names it follows their primitives, as Richardsonia, in which the ch is soft,
Cm, cm, ct, gm, gn, mn, tin, ps, pt, and other uncombinable consonants, when they begin a word, are pro
nounced with the first letter mute, as Ptris (teris), Cnicus (nikus), Gmelina (melina), Gnidia (nidia), in
the middle of a word they separate as in English, as Lap-shna, Lm-na
Ph, followed by a mute, is not sounded, but, followed by a vowel or a liquid, sounds likef, as Phleum
**2).
(' ". like sk, as Scho'nus (skenus);
in ti and zm both letters are heard.
S, at the end of a word, has its pure hissing sound, as Dactylis, except when preceded by c, r, or n, when it
sounds like z, as Ribes (es).
X, at the beginning of a word, sounds like z, as Xanthium; in any other situation it retains its own sound,
as Txus, Tmarix.
(Extracted from the Gardener's Magazine, vol. v. p. 232.)
*- ---
GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
The science of Botany consists of two departments, Phytology and Physiology. This
Encyclopaedia is exclusively devoted to the former department, and it is limited to the plants
in Britain, indigenous and exotic.
Phytology, or the History of Plants, comprehends the knowledge of the external parts of
plants, the determination of their names, their classification, their uses, their individual his
tory, and their geography. The object of this work is to convey, in the most convenient
manner and in the least possible space, a knowledge of the various particulars which arrange
themselves under these heads.
A knowledge of the external parts of plants will be readily and agreeably obtained by
turning over the first 700 pages of this work at random, looking at the engravings, and
comparing them with the names and descriptions to which they refer; the same process will
enable the reader to recognise, at sight, the 10,000 species figured in the 700 pages. In this
way, botanical figures supply the place of a botanical garden; and the beginner learns the
natures, the technology, and the general appearances of plants, almost as easily and na
turally in the one case as he does in the other.
To determine the name of an unknown plant, it is necessary to be furnished with a
specimen of it in flower. The parts of the plant including those of the flower being
already known by the process above mentioned, its class will be ascertained by the Table of
the Linnean System (p. 2.), and its order, genus, species, &c., by turning to the page
referred to at the end of the class. Thus, if you hold in your hand a specimen of
Phillyra angustifolia in flower, on counting the stamens and pistils you find it belongs to
Class II. Order 1., from which, in the Table in p. 2., you are referred to the details of
the class in p. 8.; you there find, under Order 1., the characters of all the genera of that
order, and that the flower which you hold in your hand best agrees with the definition
given of the genus Phillyra, No. 33.
But you wish to know the species; and, Phillyra
being No. 33., you turn to that number in the details of the genera in the subsequent pages.
After comparing its leaves with the specific character given of the different species, you
find it best agrees with P. angustifolia; and, finding this species numbered 143., you look for
that number in the two plates of engravings in the lower parts of the pages, and find a figure
which confirms your decision. By reading the abridgements in the line which follows the
word angustifolia, together with the note to the generic name Phillyra at the bottom of the
page, you find in an abridged form its English name, habit, habitation in the garden, popular
character, the height to which it grows, its time of flowering, the colour of its flower, its
native country, the year of its introduction into Britain, its propagation, the soil in which it
grows, a reference to a work where it is figured and described at greater length, and its uses
in the arts, or whatever else is remarkable in its history. You find, also, the natural order to
which the genus belongs, the etymology of the name, the French or German name, if the
plant has a vernacular name in these languages, and, both generic and specific names being
accentuated, you have the pronunciation. On turning to the Table of Synonymous
Names (p. 1108.), you will find its vernacular name in the languages of the countries
where it is common. If it is not so common in any country as to have received a
vernacular name, it will not be found in that list. Finally, if you should not understand
any of the terms used in the definition of the specific characters or in the notes, on turning
to the Glossary (p. 1094.) you will find them explained, and illustrated where necessary
by engravings.
1xii
GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
When the beginner has a leaf or any part of a plant not in flower, he may ascertain, by
turning to the Introduction to the Natural System (p. 1051.), to which of the three grand
divisions of the vegetable kingdom it belongs, and may learn other particulars, according to
circumstances which it is unnecessary to detail. Without the flower, he will not be able by
the Natural System to determine the name of a plant; but, what is often much more
important, with a very small portion of any part of a plant he will be able to discover some
thing of its nature, an advantage which does not belong to the System of Linnaeus.
The classification or arrangement of plants is made by botanists with a view to two
objects: the first, to facilitate the discovery of their names, and thus to know them
individually; the second, to give general ideas respecting their natures, and thus to know
them as belonging to large masses or groups. Hitherto, no system has been discovered
which has attained both these objects in an equal degree of perfection; but the Linnean
Arrangement has made the greatest advances in teaching how to discover the names of
plants, and the Jussieuean in teaching us their natures, and how to recognise them as belong
ing to certain masses or groups. In order that the student may acquire both these kinds of
knowledge, we have given both arrangements. We have begun with the Linnean, not only
as being best adapted for beginners, but because it is necessary to know how to discover the
name of a plant, as well as to be able practically to recognise a number of plants, before
attempting to know their natures, or to combine them in masses or groups.
The standing objection to botany, says White of Selbourne, has always been, that
it is a pursuit that amuses the fancy and exercises the memory without improving the mind
or advancing any real knowledge; and where the science is carried no farther than a mere
systematic classification, the charge is but too true. But the botanist, who is desirous of
wiping off this aspersion, should be by no means content with a list of names; he should
study plants philosophically, should investigate the laws of vegetation, should examine
the powers and virtues of efficacious herbs, -should promote their cultivation, and graft the
gardener, the planter, and the husbandman, on the phytologist: not that system is by any
means to be thrown aside; without system the field of nature would be a pathless wilder
ness; but system should be subservient to, not the main object of our pursuit.
After all that has been effected, or is likely to be accomplished hereafter, Professor Lindley
observes, there will always be more difficulty in acquiring a knowledge of the Natural
System of Botany than of the Linnean. The latter skims only the surface of things, and
leaves the student in the fancied possession of a sort of information which it is easy enough
to obtain, but which is of little value when acquired; the former requires a minute inves
tigation of every part and every property known to exist in plants, but when understood has
conveyed to the mind a store of information, of the utmost use to man, in every station of
life.
Whatever the difficulties may be of becoming acquainted with plants according to this
method, they are inseparable from botany, which cannot be usefully studied without encoun
tering them."
The History of Plants comprehends everything relating to their use in the arts, or in any way
as connected with man, with animals, or with civilisation. The Geography of Plants relates
to the countries in which they are indigenous or acclimated, and to the soils and situations in
which they grow or may be grown. Everything essential in relation to these points will,
as we have already stated, be found after the name of each species in the text, after the
name of the genus in the notes below, under the natural order to which the genus belongs
in the Natural Arrangement (Part II. p. 1051.), in the Table of Synonymes (p. 1108.),
or in the Glossary (p. 1094.).
The General Index (p. 1143.) contains not only the names of the genera, and of the
classes and orders of both systems, but those of all the remarkable species, and the more
important systematic and British synonymes both of genera and species. The various
names being included in the same alphabet, this Index may therefore be consulted as a
Dictionary of Plants.
* Synopsis of the British Flora, arranged according to the Natural Orders, &c., pref p. xl.
THE
ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF PLANTS.
PART I.
LINNEAN
ARRANGEMENT.
T 11E main object of the artificial system of botanical arrangement is to facilitate the discovery of the names
or plants. For this purpose some one organ, common to plants in general, is fixed on ; and, according to
certain conditions in which this organ is found, individual species are referred to their places in the system,
as words, by their initial letters, are referred to their places in an alphabetical dictionary.
In the progress of artificial systems different organs have been fixed on by different botanists; but those
which have been most extensively employed are the corollas by Tournefort, and the stamens and pistils, by
Linnaeus. The system of Tournefort has been a good deal employed in France, and may be considered as the
artificial system of that country; that of Linnaeus has been employed in most other countries, and is justly
esteemed by far the most perfect artificial system which has hitherto been produced. It is, therefore, adopted
in this work.
The application of the Linnean system in practice, Sir J. E. Smith observes, is, above all other systems, easy
and intelligible, Even in pursuing the study of the natural affinities of plants, this botanist affirms that
it would be as idle to lay aside the continual use of the Linnean system, as it would be for philologists and
logicians to slight the convenience, and indeed necessity, of the alphabet, and to substitute the Chinese
character in its stead. (Introduct to Bot.) The student of the Linnean artificial system, he elsewhere
observes, will soon perceive that it is to be understood merely as a dictionary, to make out any plant that
may fall in his way. (Gram. of '' If we examine, says Decandolle, the artificial systems which have
been hitherto devised, we shall find the most celebrated of them, that which was proposed by Linnaeus, to
possess a decided superiority over all others, not only because it is consistently derived from one simple prin
ciple, but also because the author of it, by means of a new nomenclature, has given to his terms the greatest
distinctness of meaning. (Elements of the Philos. of Plants, by Decandolle and Sprengel.) Whether or
not subsequent advances in science may enable botanists to dispense with the Linnean system altogether, it
is not for us to affirm; but in the meantime nothing can be more certain than that the Linnean system is the
best leading arrangement for such a work as the present, in the existing state of botanical knowledge in
Britain. *
According to the Linnean system all plants are furnished with flowers, either conspicuous or inconspicuous.
The plants with conspicuous flowers are arranged according to the number and position of their stamens and
pistils; those with inconspicuous flowers are arranged according to the situation of the flowers on the plant,
or according to other circumstances in the plant itself.
(
b
*\/
To discover the name of a plant by the Linnean system, therefore, all that is b
#
N necessary for a beginner is to possess a specimen of it in flower, and to be able
C
% to know its different parts by the names given them by botanists. To discover the
* class, order, and genus of a plant, it is only necessary to be able to distinguish and
name the different parts of the flower. These parts are: the calyx or cup (fig 1.a),
which is that leaf, or those leaves, by which the flower is usually enclosed when in a
bud, and which, when the flower is expanded, appear under it. The corolla
(corona, a crown) is the coloured leaf, or leaves, of a hower (fig. 1. b). The stamen II 2
-
(or first principle of any thing) is the thread-like process, or processes, imme
diately within the leaves of the corolla (fig 2.): it consists of two parts, the filament
or thread (a), and the anther (b); this anther contains what is called the pollen, or fructi
# ''
meal (c). In the centre of the flower is the pistil

it consists of
c
(a), the style (b),
three parts, the germen, or rudiments of the fruit or s
and the stigma or summit(c), which crowns the style, and is destined to receive
the fructifying pollen.
The pistil and stamen are the essential parts of a flower. The corolla or the calyx may be
wanting, and yet the flower will be termed perfect, because the absence of those parts is no
obstacle to reproduction. Even the style and the filament may be absent without preventing the
formation or ripening of the fruit; and there are many flowers which have the anther sitting close
to the corolia, &c., without a filament, and the stigma to the germen without a style; but the
anther, the germen, and the stigma are essential.
The seed is contained in the pericarp, or seed-vessel, which is the germen when grown to maturity. The
name of seed-vessel varies according to its form, substance, &c.; but the word pericarp (peri, about, karpon,
-
a fruit) is applicable to all its varieties. The receptacle is the base or medium which connects the other parts
of the fructification. (Magazine of Natural History, vol. i. p. 233.)
The degree of knowledge conveyed by the following Table, and the preceding observations, will enable a
beginner to discover the class, order, and genus of any plant which he may find in flower.
* The best work in the English language for acquiring a knowledge of the Linnean system of botany is
Smith's Introduction to Botany; there are also various other works nearly as good, and detailed and
familiar Introductions to both the Linncan and Jussieucan Systems will be found in the first and second
volumes of The Magazine of Natural History.
[2]
I.INNEAN ARRANGEMENT.
Finst GRAND Division. - Plants with conspicuous Flowers (Phanerogdmia).
rin the same flower,

("Male and female organs distinct,
("Stamens not united either above or below,
rGenerally of equal length
Classes.
|-One
*. M
2. Dindria (dis, twice, aner,

a man). Vernica Cha
mae"drys. 8
5. Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia (tris, thrice

"a wo. j
.#*
3. Triandria
aner, man).(tris,
Poa thrice,
inn. 50
3. Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia.
y
l
4. Tetrndia (tetra, four,

aner, a man). Crnus
sanguinea. 76
3. Monogynia, Digynia, Tetragfnia (tetra, four, -y-,

a woman).
Two,
Three,
-
Four,
Oansas.
1. Monndria (monos, one,

aner, a nan). Exarot le.
Blitum capitturn. I
.#
Five,
5.
a woman". -->
, D-fruis
(dis, twice, gyne, a woman).
onlan).
e, five
Pentndria {
arter, a
nia t
2xinia (", one:gy',
-1
6.
*:::::: : #:
(poly",
-
chia ephemerum. 108

ix,
:* * *
Seven,
..}
5.
-
Nine,
Ten,
*.
(hepta, seven, gyne, a woman).
4. Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia, Tetragtnia.
9. Enneandria (enned, nine,

aner, a man). Rheum
Rhapnticum. 332
(d:
3. Monogynia, Trigynia, Hexagynia (her, six, syne, a

woman).
ten,
5. Monogynia, Diginia, Trigynia, Pentagynia, Deca
aner, a man). Saxifraga
umbros. 338
*
11.
Twelve
Rynia (deka, ten, gyne, a woman).
Dodecndria (dodeka,
twelve, aner, a man). .
Sempervivum tectorum.
6. Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia, Tetragynia, Pen
tagsnia, Dodecagnia (dodeka, twelve, gyne,
392.
woman).
Many,
twenty,
attache.
to the calyx,
12. Icosandria (eikosi, twenty,

auer,
a man). Crate'gus
oxyacntha.
408
generally up
Many,
wards of twenty,
15. Polyndria
Di-pentagynia
3. Monogynia,
syne, a
Rynia.(d.yo, two, pente, five
****
(Poly', many,
|-
*', a may
clemaus
456
not attached to th
calyx,
-
4. Monogynia, Digynia, Tetragtnia, Heptagynia
:*.**
10. Decndria
* o'er:
J || 5 | Eight,
#4 +
4. Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia, Polygynia.
7. Heptandria (hepta, seven

diner, a man). #:
Hippocastanum. 296
Z |.
y, gyne, a woman).
6. Hexandria (her, ":
<
5. Monogynia,
Digynia, Trigynia, Pentagynia, Poly
Rynia.
erecta.
Of unequal length,
14. Didynamia (dis, twice,
dyo, two, nema, a fila
-Two long, and two

short,
-
ment). Teucrium luci

dum. 490
Four long, and two

- short,
-
vus.
Gymnospermia (gymnos, naked, sperma, seed),
Angiospermia (aggeion, a vessel, "perma, seed).
15. Tetradynamia (tetra, four,

dyo, two, nema, a fila
ment). Raphanus sath
2.
s'
(silicula, a silicle), Siliqubsa (siligua, a
silique).
556
"Stamens united,
"by
y the filaments-
16.
into one body,
Monadelphia
(monos,
7. Trindria, Pentndria, Heptandria, Octndria,
one, adelphos, brother).

Mlva fragrans. 560
y
into two bodies,
17.
l
into many bodies
Decndria, Dodecndria, Polyndria.
": (dis, twice,

3:"'' *
delphia
*r
18. Polyadelphia (polys,many,

adelphos, brother). Hy-
--
#
-
4. Pentndria, Hexandria, Octndria, Decandria.
&#
s *~
'
4. Decndria, Dodecndria, Icosandria, Polyndria.
Pericum quadran. 650

g:27
(*in, together
'...' top.) 19. Syngenesia
genesis, ').
''' < *ws:
rium lntybus. 660
y
er,
-l
~
-
by
- -
5. Polygamia
aequalis
superflua
(equal),frustranea
Polygamia(frustra,
(superiluous),
Polygamia
in
vain), Polygamia necessaria (necessary), Poly
gamia segregata (separated).
i.
Male organs (stamens) at- 20. Gynndria (gyne, a woL #ched to and standing upon
man, aner, a man).
the female (pistil),
In different flowers,
ophrys apifera. 718
21. Mono'cia (monos, one,
f" the same plant,
:* hermaphrodite
-
25.
8. Monndria, Dindria, Trindria, Tetrndria, Pen

tndria, Hexandria, Polyndria, Monadelphia.
22. Dioc'cia (dis, twice, oikos,

house). Cinnabis sativa.
on the same or different plants
oikos, house). Cucurbita 9.
Pepo. 768
on different plants,
& */
:
$ou'.
"...# *, * 3. Monndria, Dindria, Hexandria.
816
*:::::
;:"
triacnthos.
* 14. Monndria, Dindria, Trindria, Tetrndria, Pen

39
tndria, Hexandria, Octndria, Enneandria, De
\}.4
cndria, Dodecndria, Icosandria, Polyandria,
"t
Monadelphia, Gymndria.
(t
-
#.
-> #
2. Monoe'cia, Dice"cia.
Second GRAND Division. Plants with inconspicuous Flowers (Cryptogmia).

11. Gonoptrides (gonos, seed, pteris, fern), Stachy.
Reproductive mrgans scarcely visible,"
so that they have not been distinctly described,
%
-
* *cr'."
t ryptos, con- '3ce." 's'."
riage), 87
mar-, *::2
~"
opterides (stachys, a spike, pteris, fern), Porop

trides (poros, a pore, pteris, fern), Filices (filir,
a fern), | sdropterides
water, pteria, ferm),
Schismatopterides (schisma, a cleft, pteris, fern),
Musci (muscus, moss), licptice the tr, a liver,
'',
After alga, sea weed), richens (Greek namel,

Fungi (fung", a mushroom).
MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
To discover the particular species or variety of a plant it is necessary to become acquainted with the forms
and different conditions of the leaves, stems, and other parts of the bodies of plants, as well as with their flowers,
and this knowledge, as we have before stated (p. xix.), will be obtained with the greatest facility by turning to
the Glossary (p. 1094), and comparing the definitions with the engraved figures.
1 STAMEN.
This class, which is not large, contains chiefly exotic plants, and of these the tribe of Scitamincae is considered
one of the most beautiful families of the vegetable kingdom. The useful productions are chiefly the Ginger,
Cardamom, and Turmerick, spices highly esteemed, and in general use wherever they are known, and can be
procured, The Salicornia, a native of our sea-shores, is burned for kelp, and pickled for culinary purposes.
Almost all the plants of this class are aquatics, or grow in marshes. They chiefly thrive best in a sandy loam,
from which their roots should be well cleaned every year.
The genera of the Scitamineae and Cannea have been remodelled by Roscoe, whose arrangement has re
ceived considerable improvement from the hand of the late Dr. Roxburgh. The nature of the floral envelope
of those plants has long been a subject of dispute among botanists, some considering the colored inner segments
to be true petals and to be variable in numbers; and others, supposing them to be part of the calyx and con
stant in number, their occasional variation in number being capable of explanation. Persoon (synopsis, p. 1.)
is of opinion that, many of the genera of the first section ought to be referred to Gynandria. According to
Willdenow and others, the following species belonging to other classes have only one stamen.
Monogynia. Mangifera indica; Alchemilla aphanes, several species of Scirpus, Cyperus, Schoenus, Kyllinga
Cryptostomum monandrum, Chorizandra, Polycnemum monandrum, Hopea.
Lacistema, Leersia, Salsola, and many grasses.
#:
Order 1.
MONOGYNIA.
1 Stamen.
1 Style.
1. Germen inferior, anther simple, style erect, free. Flowers spathaceous.

1. Canna. Anther attached to the edge of the petal-like filament. Style thick, club-shaped. Stigma linear,
obtuse.
2. Maranta. Anther attached to the petal-like filament. Style petal-shaped. Stigma three-sided. Flowers
panicled.
3.
Anther attached to the petal-like filament. Style petal-shaped. Stigma cucullate. Flowers in
".
close heads.
4. Thalia. Anther attached to its proper filament. Style depressed. Stigma depressed, perforated, and gaping.
5 Phrynium. Anther attached to its proper filament. Style united to the tube of the coroha, hooked at
the end. Stigma funnel-shaped.
Seeds with an arillus.
$ 2. Germen inferior, anther double, style inclosed in the furrow formed by the anther. Flowers spathaceous
6. Hedychium. Anther naked. Tube of the corolla long and slender, with both limbs 3-partite, the interior
one resupinate. Capsule dry.
7. Roscoea. Anther 2-lobed, incurved, surrounding the style with an
split at the base. Outcr
limb of the corolla 3-partite, with the upper segment erect and torn: cate. Inner limb 2-lipped.
8.
Anther not crowned. Interior limb of the corolia with one lip. Capsule berried. Seeds with
'
#"
an ariiluts.
9. Hellenia. Anther in some marginal. Filament linear, longer than the anther, with a very short rounded
entire or 2-lobed appendage. Capsules crustaceous. ... Seeds with an arillus.

10. Zingiber. Inner limb of the corolla with one lip. Anther with a simple recurved horn at the end.
11. Costus. Interior limb of the corolla nearly campanulate, split at the back. Filament lanceolate. Anther
in the centre of it or at some distance from the end.
Seeds naked.
12. Kaempferia. Tube of the corolla long and slender, with both limbs 3-partite. Anther with a 2-lobed crest.
13. Amomum. Inner limb of the corl. with 1 lip. Anther with an entire or 2-lobed crest. Seeds with an arillus.
14. Crarcuma. Both limbs of the corolla 3-partite. Anther with two spurs at the hase. Seeds with an arillus.
15. Globba. Inner limb of the corolla 2-lobed or none. Filament hollow at the base, with a wedge-shaped
lip Anther with an appendage or none. Seeds attached to 3 parietal placentas,
16. Mantisia. Outer limb of the corolla 3-partite, inner filiform with a double trifid limb. Filament 4-par
tite at the end.
3. Germen superior, corolla irregular.

17. Philydrum. Calyx 2-leaved colored. Filaments 3 united at the base, the two lateral ones barren and
petal-shaped. Seeds numerous, minute.
$ 4. Germen inferior, corolla irregular. Flowers naked.
18. Lopezia. Cal. 4-leaved. Cor. 4-petaled, unequal. Filaments two: one antheriferous, the other petal
shaped abortive. Caps. 4-valved, 4-celled, many seeded.

5. Germen inferior, corolla regular, flowers naked.
19. Boerhaavia. Cal. 1-leaved, ob-conic, inclosing the seed. Cor. plaited, on the end of the calyx.
20. Centranthus. Cor. 5-lobed, regular, spurred. Caps. 1-celled, crowned with the limb of the calyx cx
panded into a plumose pappus.
6 Apetalous.
21. Pollichia. Cal 1-leaved, 5-toothed. Seed 1. Fruit upon the heaped, berried scales of the receptacle.
22. Salicornia. Cal turbinate, entire, fleshy. Stamen inserted into the bottom of the cal. Style 2-fid.
Utricle inclosed in the fleshy calyx. S
vertically compressed.
23. Hippuris. Cal. entire, minute. Style in the hollow of the anther. Germen inferior, one-seeded, crowned
by the rim of the calyx
24. Zostera. Spadix linear in the sheath of the leaf, bearing seed on one side. Stamens opposite the ger
mens and alternate with them, sessile. Caps, one-seeded.
d 25. Chloranthus. Stamen irregular, fleshy, lobed, fixed to the side of the germen. Stigma capitate. A
-
rupa.
Order 2.
DIGYNIA.
1 Stamen.
2 Styles.
25. Corispermum. Cal. 2 leaved. Cor. O. Seed one, oval, convex-plane. (Stamens often 5.)
#7. Callitriche. Cal.2-leaved. Pet. O. Caps 2-celled, 4-seeded.

# Blitum. Cal. trifid. Cor. O. Seed one, immersed in a berried calyx.
29. Aspicarpa. Cal 5-narted Cor O. Stamen included. Germen and Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit cartilagi
nous, 1-seed
MON ANDRIA MONOGYN.I.A.
Class I.
t
* .
s
X:
##
##
English
$.
#s
#
's
Native
#s #s#
J gf33
Reference Figures.
####### # *. ######
Name.
# , 5.
::# 35 #
tl. CANNA. W.
1 patens Rosc.
s:
INDIAN Shor.
spreading
y:
2 indica Rosc.
Common
y
smaculta
spotted
y:
3 coccinea Rosc.
scarlet
y:
4 litea Rosc.
ellow
y
5 Lambrti Lind.
ambert's
y:
6 gigantea R. L.
gigantic
if
7 occidentlis Rosc. western
y
8 limbata Rosc.
bordered
y:
9 variabilis W.
variable
y
10 robra W.
red
y
11 rubricalis Lk.
red-stemmed a
12 edulis B. R.
eatable
y
13 specisa B. M.
shewy
y:
14 pedunculata B. M. stalked
y:
15 flac ida Rosc.
flaccid
y:
16 glanca Rosc.
glaucous
y:
A rufa
rufous
y:
17 iridiflra F. Per nodding flow.
t2. MARANTA. W.
ARRow Root.
18 arundincea IV.
Indian
w:
19 obliqua Rudge.
oblique
y:
20 ltea Jacq.
yellow
y:
21 angustifolia B. M. narrow-leaved a
22 Tnchat JW.
ovate
y:
23 gibba L. K.
gibbous
y
24 comsa W.
close-spiked
a
t3 CALATHEA. Mey. CALATHEA.
25 zebrina Lind.
striped-leaved a
Marnta zebrina B. M.
4. Th A Li A. JV.
Thalia.
26 dealbta Rosc.
mealy
5:
3:
Cannear
L-J or
C or
CD or
[T] or
D or
D or
D or
D or
D or
D or
D or
CD or
CD or
D or
D or
CD or
D or
D or
D or
2
2
2
2
2
4
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
6
5
2
2
6
C or
D or
D or
D or
D or
CD or
C or
2
2
2
2
8
4
2
my
jaid
jad
jaid
jaid
my
dja
sid
jad
jaid
jad
#
sic
aus
sid
jl
jn.au
in.au
d.ja
Canneae.
jl.au
d
jn.jl
jlau
jl.au
au
jn.jl
Cannear.
D or 2 jaid
Canneae.
* Ll or 4
t5. PHRY/NIUM. W.
PHRYNIUM.
27 capittum iv.
headed
*
or
28 dichtomum Rorb forked
y: CD or
t HEDY CHIUM. W. GARLAND Flowers.
29 coronrium Rorb, sweet-scented it D or
30 angustifolium Ror, scarlet
y: D or
31 elturn Br.
tall
y: D or
32 Gardnerinum Wall. Gardner's
a CT or
33 flavscens B. C.
pale-yellow
y: [T] or
34 spictum B. M.
spiked
y D or
35 grcile Roxb.
w: T or
36 flvum Rorb.
yellow
s: CT or
37 heteromllum B. R. variable
w: D or
+
5
17-20.
Rio Jan. 1778.
R
R.Y.
S
Y
S
India
India
S. Amer.
E. Indies
Trinidad
S. Amer.
W. Indies
R.Y.
R. v
R
R
R.Y.
R
R
Brazil
R rim Red lil. 201
...
1781.
1629.
189.
1809.
1822.
1818.
R.
R.
R.
R
R.
R.
R.
1822.
W. Indies 1820.
......
1821.
Peru
1820.
......
.......
R rim Bot reg. 576
1570,
India
O
R
r.m
r.m.
r.m.
rim
r.m.
r.m.
r.m.
Hook. ex fl. 58
Bot mag. 452
Bot mag. 2085
Bot reg. 470
Bot reg: 206
Bot reg. 772
Bot reg. 771
R rim
R. r.m.
R. r.m
R. r.m. Bot reg. 775

1820. R. r.m. Bot. mag. 2817
1820. R rim Bot mag. 28.23
Carol. 1788, R rim Sal stra 8 t. 2
Y
Br
R
S. Amer. 1732.
R. r.m. Ex. b. 2. t. 102
S. Amer. ...
R. r.m. Bot. mag. 23.02
Peru
1816. R. r.m. Bot. mag. 1968
Sp. 7-20.
R
S. Amer. 1782 R s! Bot mag. 2807

Guiana '83 R s! Ru. p. g. p. 8, t:2
Y.w
R
R
Caraccas 1809. R. s.l. Jac. ic. r. 2, 201

W. Indies 1820. R. s.l. Bot mag. 28.08
E. Indies 1819. R s.l. Rumph. 4. t. 7
E. Indies 1818.
R. s.l
Y.w Surinam 1812. R s.1

Sp. 1-4.
R.Y. Brazil
1815. R s-p
Bot reg. 385
Sp. 1-2.
Jl.au
Canneae.
33.3: 3
:
- -
S. Carol. 1791. Rp.1
Bot mag. 1690
#. 2.
W
E Indies 1807. R s!
jl.au W
E Indies 1810.
Scitamineae. Sp. 9-14.
5 jns
Y
E. Indies 1701.
5 jn.s
s
E. Indies 1815.
5 jn.d
Y
E. Indies 1818.
7 jn.au Y
E. Indies 1819.
6 jn
Y
India
1822.
3 in
Y
E. Indies 1810.
3 Jn
W
Bengal
1823
3 jn.au Y
Nepal
1822.
3 jn.au Y
India
1822.
- \\
As r. 11. t.8
R s.l
R
R
R.
R
p.1
s.l.
s.l.
r.s
Bot mag. 708

Bot reg. 157
Bot reg. 526
Bot. reg. 771
R s.l.
Bot. cab. 728
R co
R s.1
Bot mag. 2800
R s.l.
Bot cab. 604
R s.l.
Bot. reg. 767

-
History, Use, Propagation, Culture,
1. Canna. From a Celtic word signifying a cane or mat. Le Balisier, Fr. Blumenrohr, Ger. Canna, Ital
The first three species are found wild within the tropics on all the continents, and chiefly in moist woods, or
spongy woody wastes: in America and the Brazils, they are known by the name of wild plantain, and their
leaves are used as envelopes for many objects of commerce; from which circumstance, the French name of the
*lant (balisier) is said to have arisen; ball.ja being Spanish for an envelope. Clusius says he saw the C. lutea
flowering by house-sides in Spain and Portugal, and that the inhabitants there use the seed for making their
rosaries: in the East Indies the seeds are sometimes used as shot. The roots of C. edulis are eaten, dressed in
various ways, in Peru . The seeds of most of the species are round, hard, black, shining, heavy, and about
one sixteenth of an inch diameter. These grow readily, or the plants may be propagated by dividing the
roots; Miller recommends rich garden earth, Sweet (Bof Cultiv. p. 34.) light rich soil for all the species. Most
of these, if planted in a warm border early in summer, will flower there during the season.
2. Maranta. So named from Bartholomeo Maranti, a Venetian
illustrate Diosc.; died 1554. Galangre, Fr. Galgant, Ger. The
who wrote three books chiefly to

# ysician,
arundinacea is called Indian arrow-root,
because its thick fleshy root was thought to extract the poison from wounds inflicted by the poisoned
arrows of the Indians. In the West Indies it is used as an alexipharmic, to resist the force of poisons:
ORukk I.
Essential specific Character.
1 Inner limb of the corolla 3-fid, Seg. ovate equal sprdg. with long claws, Lip bifid, rev. Leaves ovate lanc
2 Inner limb of the corolla trifid, Segments fanceolate acuminate straight
3 Inner limb of the corolla trifid, Segments straight emarginate
4 Inner limb of the corolla bifid
5 Peduncle short inclosed in the upper leaf, Inner limb of the corolla trifid, Segments ovate lanceolate sub
erect, Lip erect spreading entire
6 Peduncles elong. Inner limb of corolla3fid, Seg. lanceol. spathul. reflexed spreading, Lip oblong entire
7 Segments of cor. 2 entire ovate unequal, Lip bifid bent down
8 Segments of cor. 3 broad emarginate and crenate: the claws long, Lip. 2-fid bent down
9 Leaves of cal. lanceolate acute, Cor. 5 parted, Leaves ovate-obl acute at both ends cordate
10 Leaves of cal. oblong obtuse, Cor. 6 parted, Leaves ovate-obl. acute at both ends cordate
11 Leaves sessile ovate with the sheaths and nerves very red, Inner limb 4 parted
12 Leaves smooth and stems colored at the base, Roots tuberous and large, Middle seg. of corolla very short
13 Flowers sessile in pairs, Segments of cor. 2 erect bifid, Lip spotted revolute
14 Flowers on stalks: outer segments reflexed, inner 3 erect,
ves lanceolate pointed at each end
15 Inner limb of the corolla trifid, Segments flaccid
16 Inner limb of the corolla trifid, Segments ovate straight, Lip three-lobed fringe.
17 Stem and Leaves beneath downy, sheaths curled and colored at the edge, Flowers cernuous
18 Culm branched herbaceous, Leaves ovate lanceolate somewhat hairy underneath
19 Leaves ellipt. oblique at end, Spikes elong. in fasc. Bract. erect, 2-fid: imbricate acute pubesc
20 Culm branched knotty ovate smooth, Spikes terminal subternate, Bracteas colored
21 Stem knotty, Leaves ' narrow, Panicle wavy, Inner braits colored, Calyx ovate
22 Stem shrubby branching, Leaves ovate smooth
23 Leaves oblong lanc. pubesc, Fl. stalks 2-fid. Germ very hairy
24 Stemless, Scape naked, Spikes comose, Bracteas reflexed
25 Flowers in dense heads shorter than the leaves which are striped with purple
26 Calyx two-flowered, Culm reedy powdered, Leaves ovate revolute at the apex
27 Stemless, Leaves radical
28 Shrubby, dichotomous, Leaves cordate
29 Leaves lanceolate, Spikes compact imbricated, Segments of the cleft lip of the corolla lunulate
30 Leaves linear lanc. Spikes open, Fasc. of flowers subtern. Seg. of cleft lip obl, the other 5 segs of cor. lin.
31 Leaves obl. lanc. smooth, Spikes loose, Fascic tern. 3 flol. Inner segs of the cor. linear-cuneate, Lip bifid
32 Spike many-fl. loose, Fascicles many-fl. distant, Lip obovate bifid, Filament colored longer than corolla
33 Leaves lanceolate, Spike loose ovate, Petals linear, Lipovate 2-lob. Fil. the same length as petals
34 Spathes truncate 1-fl. Outer segments of cor. linear, Lip roundish 2-lobed longer than the style
35 Leaves lanceolate, Spike termi open, Flowers sol. scattered, Lip bifid sessile: stigm. *-lanceol. Pet. linear
36 Leaves broad, Spike terml. imbricate, Bract. 4-fl. Cor with linear segm. Lip. obcordate retuse
37 Upper leaves wavy silky beneath, Spike loose conical, Filament much longer than corolla
and Miscellaneous Particulars
washed, pounded, and blanched, it makes a fine powder and starch, and may be used as food, resembling in
many respects the salep. A light loamy soil suits all the species, which, though tender, are readily propa.
gated by dividing the root.
3. Calathea. . So named by Meyer, probably from the cup-like stigma of the genus. It is much admired on
account of its singularly striped foliage, to which the specific name alludes, and its ovate spike of purple flow
ers, about the size of a large pine cone.
4. Thalia. In memory of John Thalius, a German physician, at Nordhuys, author of Plantae Hercynae, 1588.
It flowers
autifully.
, and if planted two or three feet under water, will survive our winters, in the open air.
5. Phrynium, . Few", a plant which grows in marshes, the habitation of frogs, from *ever, a frog. The
leaves are used in Malabar and China, for wrapping up cakes in the oven; before expansion they infuse
them in spirit of rice or sugar diluted with three times its quantity of water, to make vinegar. Loureiro.
6. Hedychium. From a Greek word signifying sweet, from the grateful odour it emits. This beautiful genus
requires a light rich soil, and large pots to make the plants flower freely H. angustifolium deserves a place
in every collection.
B 2
Class I.
.
Sp.
15.
ROSCOEA. i 23 or 1
7. ROSCOTSA. Sm. purple
P Nepal 1820. R 8.1 Ex. b. t 108
38 purpftrea Sm.
Scitmnhv*
Sp. 1319. 1752. R s.1 J- ic- rar- v- 3
Alpinia.
t8.39ALPI'NIA.
orclt 1 oe.f W.Y
comsa Jacq.W. closc-*piked
am. 5- 1 63
Indies 1752.
... rr aIi Ru.
loose-fowered jjg
E3
4041 racemose
Galnga IKTio*. clustered
PLicll. t.20
JLf W E.Jamaica
W.Indiea
17!>a RR s.1s.1 Ex.b. It 106
23
Z3 oror 56
42 occidcntlis Sup. occidental
E.E Indies
1792. R s 1 Hot. mag. 19*)
nodding
Rot.M.
Indies
drooping
4443ntans
rep. 4SI
EE. Indies
Indies 1799.
1800. RR s.1s.1 Bot
t > ct'niua
calcarta 1.
Bot. reg. 328
4647 mtica
inalacensis
* petioute
RR s.1-.1 R,maLH.t4,5
E
Indies
1811.
spurles
/fori.
W.F Sumatra
E Indies 1815. R rm
48 CardammuiD /o.r. cardamoms
_
49
spicta Roxb.
spiked
R Demarara 1822.
1820. R e.\ Bot, reg. 777
50
tubulta
U.R.
tubular
R
E. Indies 1796. R B.l Bot. rep. 501
51 Allghas W.
Ceylon
9.52HELLE'NIA.
Hellbnu. jg El or 2Scitamine. Sp. LN. Holl. 1820.
oerlea Br. KB. blue
ScUamine.PkSp. 8 Indies
16. 1812. R s.1
10.53ZIN'GIBER.
Rose.
Ginger.
or S^ my.jn
pandurtum Roxb. fiddle-lippcd
RR r.m
Kami.vin.ic.1.1 t. /3
myjn
Pk
Japan
1796.
Japanese
5
lAj
54
Miga
Ros.
r.m Jac,
R EE. Indies
1605.
narrow-leaved ffc."V [Z2
clt
2 jn.au
55 officinale Ros. broad-leaved
RR r.m
Ex.b.2.
112
au
Y.a
Indies
1690.
iAI
or
4
56
Zermbet
Ros.
r.m Bot. mag.1. 146
downy-leaved
5758 purpureum
Casumnar Roxb.
W.v
P E. Indies
Indies 1807.
1796. RR s.1s.1 Roxb. cor. 2. 126
purple-bracted^t^ iA]
lAJ uror 22 an
Rose.
au R.T E. Indies 1822.
5960 roacum
Roxb.Roxb. squarrosc 5 iAI
lAJoror 2" au Pk E. Indies 1822. R s.1
squarrsuin
613.Ind. 1752. R s.1
Costi:s. lAlor 2 Scilnmine.W Sp. both
11. COSTUS. Tiotc. Arabian
6162 arbicus
L.W.
am.
1793. RR s.1s.1 Jacq.
YW W.Indiea
jg ilAJ
) oror 31
spiked
spictus
Jacq.reg.
ic 665
111
Indies
netry
63 epecisus
*. narrowJeaved
R s.1 Bot
Indies 1799.
1799,
^ iAJ or 3 jn.il
au W E.E.& Leone
angsttfollus.
Bot
reg.
683
3[5 iA|
African
64 afer
Leone 1822.
1893. RRR 8.1s.1s.1 Jacq. schb. 1. 1 1
lAJ oror 22
hairy
hirsutas.
StVine;
65 spiralis
Rox.
spiral
5
lAJ
or
4
Alp. spiralis.Jacq. villous
^ lAJ or 6 ii.d
StVine. 1822.
66 villosissimus
Sp. 68.
tl2,67KMPFE'RIA.
W. round,rooted
Galanoalr. it lAJ or 1Scttaminetr.
R s.1 Bot mag.
920
E.E. Indies
jl.au iLw
rotunda
L.
mag. 850
Indies 1764
1728. IIR s.1s.1 Bot
6869 angustiflia
Galanga L. Jacq. officinal
5 iAJ clt 1 m.ap W.p
Red. UL 7. t. 389
W.B
E.
Indies
1797.
narrow-leaved
R s.1 Bot reg. 173
PW E. Indies
70pandurta
. Reg. broad-leaved
fiddle-shaped
71 latifiilia Donn.
Indies 1797.
1803. RR 8.1s.1
W.p Malacca
1822,
72 ovaliflia Roxb. oval
Scitamincce. Sp. 720.
13.73AMO'MUM.
Amomum.
Ann.
bot.t1.1. 13
inv.jn Pk
S.S. I>eone
Afzelii Ros. Rose.
sweet-scented
lAJor
33 jn.'jl
RRR r.m
r.m
Ex.
bot
W
74
grandiflrum
E.
B.
large-flowered
tAlor
Leone 1795.
1795.
r.m
Sonn,
it 2.ILt t6
137
75
angustiflium
Rox.
narrow-leaved
jn.jl
R
Madagasc,
...
lAJor
8
Rh. mai
76 Grana Paradsi W. grain ofparad. lAJelt 1 frnr
RW MadagOKa
... RR r.m
s.1
mr.ap
Bengal
1R19.
7778 dea!1)tum
Roxb.
insipid
iAi
or
3
mr.ap W E Indies 1819. R s.1 Slajam. 1. 1 105
wild
tAJor
79 sylvestre
subultum W.Roxb. subulate
lAJor 13 mr.ap Y Bengal 18;i2. R 8.1

7. Roscoea.
Named
bybotanist
Sir J. who
E Smith,
in honour
of W.ofRoeroc,
Esq.,Scitaminea;.
the accomplished
historianareoflittle
the
Medicis,
and
the
first
elucidated
the plants
the order
The species
known,
but arcAfter
both Prosper
beautifulAlpini,
and curious.
_
8.
Atpinia.
an
Italian
physician
and
botanist,
who
practised
at
Cairo
between
1580
and
1584,
and
died
in
1615.
Cunne
dc
Riviere,
Fr.
A
splendid
Renus,
requiring
rich
soil,
a
moist
heat,
and9. plenty
of room.
A. racemosa
bestProfessor
when treated
aquatic.
HeUenia.
honour
of ('.answers
N.answers
Hellenius,
at Abo,as anwho,
1798, published several academical discrtations.
TheInsame
cnlturc
this appellation.
plant as recommended
forFr.inHedychium.
10.
Zingiber.
From
the
original
Indian
Zingembre,
Ghtfer,names
Ger. of; and
Ital.
Many
ofof the
specilic
unmet
employed
in
the
genus
are
derived
from
the
vernacular
the Zinxcr,
species.
The
rootl
Z.
officinale,
and
zerumbet,
much
used
in
the
kitchen
and
in
medicine,
form
a
considerable
export
from
our
West
India
Islands.
As
a
medicine,
ginger
is
particularly
useful
in
flatulent
colic,
debility,
and
laxity
of
the
system,
and
in uptorpid
andthephlegmatic
constitutions,
to excite
a brisker
action ofaretheafterwards
vessels. dried
The rooui
of sun.
gin
ger
are
taken
when
stalki
fade,
and,
being
first
washed
and
scalded,
in
the
This forms black ginger ; the white sort is never scalded, but only washed and dried. When the root is to be
ORDER I.
MON ANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
38 Flowers large terminal in the sheaths of the top of the stem, Leaves obl. acute sm.
39 Spike terminal comose, Bracteas colored longer than the flowers, Leaves oblong-ovate
40 Leaves sessile broad lanc, Panicle terml. Lip obl. unguiculated bifid, Caps. obov. smooth, Seeds few
41 Lip trifid, Leaves ovate-lanc. apex revolute, Caps striated
42 Lip emarginate, Leaves lanceolate ovate very smooth
and bifid, Caps. sphaer. open on sides, Seeds few
43 Leaves lanc. short stkd. small, Rac. comp droop. Lip broad 3-lob lateral incurv. into a tube: external curled
44 Racemes terminal drooping, Lip bifid,
ves lanc. acumin. Margins rough with little spinous teeth
45 Leaves linear-lanc. polished, Spike
erect, Lipovate-obl. apex curled and bifi
46 Racemes spiked, Lip round und. 2-lob. Caps vill. Leaves obl. villous beneath
47 Racemes compound, Lip 3-lob. no spur, Caps berried, Leaves narrow shining
48 Scape radical compound flexuose procumbent, Lip 3-lob calcarate

49 Spike terminal oblong imbricated with narrow sharp bractes
50 Leaves bifar very remote scapesheathedradical, Bractsdry pointed perm. Cor. tub. Lip included, Anth sess.
51 Nectary 2-leaved, Capsules spongy, Leaves smooth entire
52 Lip emarg. Leaves and colored capsules smooth, Style hairy

53 Spikes radical, Leaves stalked broad smooth, Ligula large, Lip fiddle-shaped
54 Segments of the corolia concave acute equal, Lip ovate concave
55 Leaves sub-sessile linear-lanceolate smooth, Spikes elevated oblong, Bracteas acute, Lip 3-lobed
56 Stems decl. Leaves bifar. sess, lanc. Spike long-ped oval close obt. Bract broad obov. obt, margs, col. Lip-lob.
57 Stem erect, Leaves narr. sess. Spikes compact cone-shaped, Bracteas ovate-pointed, Lip 3-lobed
58 Spikes lat. Bracteas ovate col. Segm. of cor. erect, Nect, 2-lob.
59 Spikes lat. Leaves short-stalked lanc. Spikes lax * in the earth, Lip entire
60 Spikes lat. squarr. * in the earth, Bract narrow recurv. Lip 3-lobed
61 Nect. ovate entire, Leaves smooth on both sides
62 Nect wavy sub-3-fid. Leaves pointed entire shining, Spike close
63 Nect obsol 3-lob fringed wavy, Leaves silky beneath

64 Cal. short with 3 grnish. bluntteeth, Fil. sm. at back, Leaves lanc. hairy or sm. Spike turb. close, Br. obt, herb.
65 Nect concave entire, Leaves long-ellipt thick shining
66 Leaves rounded and stem very hairy, Flowers crisp
67 Dorsal segments of nectary lanc. acute: frontal 2 part. Segments obovate, Leaves oblong colored beneath
68 Dorsal segments of nect obtuse obsoletely 3-lobed: frontal 2-lobed wavy, Leaves ovate pale beneath
69 Dorsal segments of nect linear obtuse: frontal emarg. Leaves lanc. pale beneath
70 Leaves stalked broad lanc smooth, Spike central, Cor with inferior segment very large and panduriform
71 Leaves orbiculate ovate wavy woolly beneath
72 Leaves oval, Spike central, Anther crest jagged
73 Scape very short, Flowers heaped, Leaves distant ovate acum. entire smooth
74 Scape short, Flowers numerous close, Sterile stem simple, Leaves ellipt lanc. pointed
T5 Scape naked very short, Spike capitate, Leaves linear lanceolate
76 Scape branching lax, Leaves ovate
77 Leaves broad villous beneath, Spikes radical, Lip round oval, Crest broad truncated, Caps. 9 winged
78 Scape naked, Spike elong. Bract inflated, Leaves broad lanceol.
79 Leaves lanceol. smooth, Spikes obovate echinated, Lip oblong
and Miscellaneous Particulars.
preserved in syrup, it is taken up and scalded before fully grown. After steeping and washing in water, it is
put in jars, and covered with a thin syrup. (Browne's Jamaica.) Z. zerumbet is used in the East in cataplasms
and fomentations, but not as internal medicine.
11. Costus. From its name in Arabic, gosth. Jacquin has shewn that the costus of the moderns is not the
same as the plant so called '. the ancients. Costwurtz, Ger., and costo, Ital. All the species grow in woods in
their native countries, and their roots partake somewhat of the qualities of ginger.
12. Kaempferia. In honor of Engelbert Kaempfer, the Japanese traveller; born in Lemgow in Westphalia in
1651; died in 1716. Zedoaire, Fr. and Grosse Galgant, Ger., This is a curious genus of low stemless plants,
with tuberous roots, a pleasant aromatic smell, and sharpish taste. The root is purple without, and white
within, and is esteemed a stomachic and cephalic. When the plants are not in a growing state, they require
little or no water; otherwise like bulbs which are kept always moist, they will not flower freely.
13. Amomum. From 2, privative, and "wer, impurity, it has always been, csteemed a powerful counter
poison; or perhaps a "' o
amm, the Arabic of the plant. L'amome des pedes, Fr.
Ingwe, and Gengiovo, Ital. Most of the species formerly included under this genus are placed by Roscoe under
-
Zingibcr.
B 3
MON ANDRIA MONOGYNIA
6
14. CURCU*MA. J.W.
80 Zedoaria Ros.
TuRMenic.
broad-leaved
[Z\] or
[A] clt
L^J or
83 rubscens Roxb.
reddish
sy (AJ or
84 casia Rorb,
C:\'s lous
By L^J or
85 comsa Horb.
many-flowered Y AU or
86 elta Rorb.
tall
Sv. A. or
87 ferruginea Horb, sweet-rooted Y (A] or
88 leucorhiza Horb
white-rooted Y AU or
89 xanthorhiza Roxb. yellow-rooted Sy [A] or
red-stemmed
90 rubricallis Lk.
TA] or
91 angustifolia Rorb narrow-leaved y [A] or
reen-floweredy [A] or
92 viridifloru Rorb.
9.3 petiolata Rorb.
ong-stalked
[A] or
94 Amada Rorb.
Mango-ginger Y. A clf
95 longa Ros.
long-rooted
LA cit
81 Zermbet
Zedoary
Rorb.
82 aruginosa Rosh
green-rooted
15, GLOB/BA. Ros.

96 marantina Ros.
GlomhA.
round-headed Sy [Z\] or
97 sessiliflora B.M.
sessile-flower'd Y (AJ or
98 Careyna Roxb.
Dr. Carey's
y AJ or
16. MANT1'SIA. Sims. MANtistA.
99 saltatria B. M.
opera girls
Sy OZ\! or
17. PHILY"DRUM.
B. P.
PhilYoRUM.
100 lanuginosum B. P. woolly
y: (C) or
18. LOPE'ZIA. Cav.

Lopezia.
101 hirsuta H. K.
hairy
x [C] or
102 racemosa H.K.
smooth
y U, or
10:3 coronta H. K.
coronet-flower. O or
104 cordta Horn.
cordate
O or
19. BOERHAAWIA. W. Houweed.
105 erecta jy'.
upright
[A] or
106 diffiisa W.
spreading
[A] or
107 hirsuta JV.
scarlet-trailing-k CD or
climbing
108 scan"dens py.
CD or
109 viscosa Lag.
clammy
[A] or
20. CENTRANTHUS. Mich. CeN thanthus.

110 ruber D. C.
red
O
111 angustiflius D. C. narrow-leaved

112 calcitrapa Dufr.
cut-leaved
21. POLLI'CHIA.
W.
113 campstris W.
PollichiA.
short-leaved
22. SALICOR/NIA. W. Glasswort.

114 arbica W.
Arabian
shrubby
115 frutic'sa JV.
116 radicans E. B.
rooting
117 herbcea W.
marsh
118 procambens E. B.
23. HIPPU'RIS.
119 vulgris W.
W.
or
O or
O or
procumbent
*- C or
* L or
* LJ or
* A or
O clt
*- C clt
MAREstAil.
Common
* A clt
Class 1.
Scitaminee. Sp. 16-18.

3
ap.au R
E. Indies 1797. R. r.m. Bot mag. 1546
3
ap.au Y
E. Indies 1807, R rim Bot mag. 2000
5
ap.au R. v. E. Indies 1807. R rim
3
my.s Y
E. Indies 1805, R rim Rosc. scit ic.
1
ap.jn Y
Bengal
1819. R s.l
2
my
R.Y. E. Indies 1819. R. s.1
3
my
Cr
E. Indies 1819. R. s.l. Rosc. scit-ic.
1
my
Y
E. Indies 1819. R. s.l. Rosc. scit. i.e.
1
my
R.Y. E. Indies 1819. R. s.1
4
Amboyna 1819. R. s.l
my
R
1
my
R
E. Indies 1822. R s.l
3
jl
Y
E. Indies 1822. R s.l. As res. 11-5
2
jl.au Y.G Sumatra 1822. R s.l
2
au
Y
Pegu
1822. R s! Rosc. scit ic.
2
apjn R.Y. Bengal 1819. R s.l. Rosc. scit ic.
2
all
E. indies 1759. R. s.l. Jac. vind. 3-t-4
Scitaminear. Sp. 3-11.
1
jlau Y
E. Indies 1800. R. s.l. Ex. bot. 2. t. 103
1
au
Y
Pegu
1807. R. s.l. Bot mag. 1428
1
au
Y
Pegu
1822. R s.l. Bot. cab. 691
Scitamineae. Sp. 1.
1
Jn
P
E. Indies 1808. R. s.l. Bot. mag. 1320
Related to Junceae, R. B. Sp. 1-2.
3
jn.jl Y
China
1801. C lip Bot mag. 783
Onagrariae. Sp. 4-5.
1
s.n
R
Mexico
1706. S co Jac.c. s.5.t.15.f4
1
au.o
R
Mexico 1792. S. co Bot mag. 254
1
jlis
R
Mexico 1805. S. co Bot rep. 551
1
jls
P
Mexico
1821. S co
Nyctagineae. Sp. 5-25.
1:
jlis
W
India
1733. S co Jac. vind. 1. t. 5,6
1
au.s
Cr
India
1690. S co Her par. 2.7.1.
Jamaica 1733. S co Jac. vind. 1. t. 7
1
my.au R
6
Jamaica 1691. S co Jac. vind. 1. t. 4
ap.s G
3
aps Sc
Peru
1821. C co
Walerianeae. Sp. 3-4.
my.jl Cr
Britain
mea. R co Eng. bot. 1531
1
my.jl Cr
S. Europe 1759. R co F1 graec. 29
1
Portugal 1683. S co Fl. graec. 30
my.jl P
Chenopodeae. Sp. 1.
6
s
Ap C. B. S.
1780. C co. Sm. spicil. 1. t. 1
Chenopodeae. Sp. 5-18.
1
jn.jl
Ap Arabia
1758. C. s.l. Mor. 2. t.33. f.7
1
au.s Ap Britain sea sh. S s
Eng, bot. 2467
1
s
Ap Britain seash. S s
Eng, bot. 1691
1
aus Ap Britain seash. S s
Eng bot. 415
+
au
Ap England sal. m. S 1
Eng bot lost
Halorages. Sp. 1.
1
my.jn Ap Britain dit.
R co Eng bot. 768
--

14, Curcuna. From the Arabic kurkum or hercum. Babilonischer safran, Ger. C. longa was formerly
much used in cookery to give things a color, and is still so used in the East Indies, for dyeing. The root was
reputed apericnt and resolvent, and was given in jaundice: it tinges the urine of a deep yellow. The roots of
G. Zerumbet powdered and mixed with the powdered wood of Caesalpinia Sappan is copiously thrown about b
the Hindoos during their holidays in March. The tubers of many species yield a very beautiful pure starch
like arrowroot, which in some places, especially Travancore, forms a large part of the dict of the inhabitants.
15. Globla. Its Indian name, and that also by which it is known in the Moluccas, globe, Fr. Most of the
species produce spikes of smoky-colored berries about the size of grapes, and which are sometimes eaten.
16. Mantisia. The flowers bear a singular resemblance to some of the insects called mantis. The name of
the species is derived from a fanciful notion that the flowers are like a dancing figure attached to a wire
17. Philydrum fixes and ae, a lover of water, in allusion to the places in which it grows. A pretty
biennial plant, requiring but little protection from frost.
18. Lopezia. Dedicated by Cavanilles to the memory of the licentiate Thomas Lopez, a
Spanish botanist,
who is said to have directed his attention to the natural history of the New World." The species are chiefly
19 Boerhaavia. So named in honor of the famous Boerhaave of Leyden, born at Voorhoot in 1668, and died
elegant annuals, and well deserving of cultivation.
ORnER I.
80 Spikes lateral, Bulbs small with long palm tub yell, inside, Leaves broad sessile silky beneath all gree.
$1 Spikeslat Tub. palm. pale straw-col.
gr. brd.with a pur. cloud down the Fl. short. e.
lateral, Roots within, Leaves stalked with a faint rusty cloud beyond their middle above
S2 Spikes
83 Spikes lat. Roots pearl col inside, Leaves broad on winged red stalks above the sheaths: rib and scape red
84 Spikes lateral, Roots green inside palmate, Leaves narr, with a rusty cloud in middle
82 Spikes lateral clavate comose, Roots ovate pale yell inside, Leaves all green
85 Spikes lateral, Tubers large incurved pale yellow, Leaves sessile villous beneath all green
87 Spikes lat. Roots palm scented pale yell inside palmd. Leaves and sheath rusty with a palered spot in mid.
88 Spikes lat few-flowered comose, Tubers long spreading pale inside, Leaves smooth pure green
89 Spikes lat. Tubers all yellow, Leaves sessile green broad with a purple cloud down $: middle
90 Spikes lat. Leaves stalked oblong with red sheaths
91 Spikes lat. Root with pale pendulous tubers, Leaves stalked narrow, Flowers longer than bractes
92 Spikes central, Tubers palmate deep yellow, Leaves long stalked broad-lanceolate, Plant all green
93 Spikes central, Leaves on long stalks cordate, Coma lilac
94 Spikes central few-flowered, Tubers palmate pale yellow inside, Leaves broad smooth on long stalks
95 Spikes central, Roots deep orange inside, Leaves long stalked broad green
96 Leaves lanceolate, Spike terminal sub-sessile cone-shaped bulbiferous, Anther 4-horned
97 Spike whorled, Lateral segments of cor longest, Appendage cordate, Bractes lanc. withering, Bulbiferous
98 Leaves ovate lanc. villous beneath, Racemes compound term bulbif. Anther naked roundish
99 The only species
100 Flowers bright yellow, Leaves hairy
101
102
103
104
Leaves ovate villous, Stem round

Leaves ovate attenuate at base, with the 4-cornered stem smooth
Leaves shining, Stems angular, from the decurrent stalks, Corymbs leafy at the base
Leaves roundish cordate ciliated smooth, Branches angular
105 Stem 4-cornered smooth, Joints clammy, Flowers panicled, Leaves angular dotted with black beneath
106 Stem round pubescent, Flowers in capitate corymbs
107 Stern roundish hairy, Leaves ovate acute sub-repand, Flowers in heads diandrous
108 Stem climbing, Leaves all cordate, Flowers in umbels diandrous
109 Villous viscid, Leaves ovate acute sub-repand, Stem procumbent, Flowers in heads triandrous
110 Leaves entire lanceolate, Stem *-shrubby at base, Flowers corymbose, Stamens nearly twiceas long as cor.
111 Leaves linear, Stem herbaceous, Flowers corymbose, Stamens nearly thrice as long as corolla
112 Rad leaves ovate cauline pinnatifid, Stem upright smooth, Flowers panicled
113 Stems branching declining, Flowers minute sessile in axillary heads
114 Leaves alternate sheathing obtuse gaping on one side
115 Stem erect shrubby, Joints of the young branches 2-sided, Scales of flowers truncate membranous
116 Stem shrubby procumb rooting, Joints compressed emarg. cylindr. Spikes obl. Style deeply divided, Stam. 2
117 Herbaceous spreading, Joints emarginate compressed at end, Spikes axillary opp. stalked, Scales blunt
118 Herbaceous procumbent, Joints obconic, Branches simp. Spikes fastigiate, Stamens 2
119 Leaves whorled 10-12 linear acute
in 1758.
La Tassole, Fr. He was the first friend and protector of Linnaeus. All the plants of this genus aro
possessed
of little beauty.
20. Centranthus.
From zivrov, a spur, and 2,30s, a flower, in allusion to the calcarate corolla.
-
21. Poliichia. In honor of Jean Ad Pollich, a German botanist, who published in 1776, a history of the plants
of the Palatinate. The only species is an obscure herbaceous plant.
22. Salicornia. From sal, salt, and cornu, a horn; saltwort, marsh samphire. Le Christemarine, Fr. Glass
schmaltz, Ger., and Erba-cali, Ital S. herbacea is gathered when in flower, and pickled in salt and vinegar
-
like samphire,"for culinary purposes. The whole plant has a saltish taste, and is greedily devoured by cattle.
All the species, excepting the S. arabica, abound on the shores of the Mediterranean, and are there burnt for
soda, which is much used in the manufactures of soap and glass, especially at Marscilles.
Hippuris. From irror, a horse, and #2, a tail... La Pesse d'eau, or pin aquatic, Fr., Schaftholm, Ger.,
23. Hippuride,
and
Ital. The flower of this plant is one of the simplest among perfect plants; it has only one stamen
and one pistil, unprotected by either calyx or corolla, and it produces only one
The situation of the leaves
in whorls is not usual in European plants, excepting in the stellatae of Linnaeus." The flowers in the beginnin
of summer are mostly hermaphrodite, but in autumn many of them are female. By absorbing a great quantity.o
inflammable air, this plant is reputed to assist in purifying the putrid air of marshes. It is eaten by wild ducks.
-
B 4
MONANDRIA DIGYNIA.
CLAss I.
Fluviales. Sp. 1.
au.s
Ap Britain seash. S
Chloranthear. Sp. 3-4.
* D cu 1 ap.s
Ap China
1781. C
y [A] cu 1 fmy Ap China
1819. C
* L cu 11 jn
Ap China
1817. C
24. ZOSTERA. L. Sea WRAckgrass.

120 marina L.
common
* A
25, CHLORANTHUS. W. Chloa ANthus.
121 inconspicuus W.
trailing
122 monostachys Lindl, herbaceous
123 monnder Br.
upright
ec
DIGYNIA.
Chenopodeae. 4-9.
O
13 jl
Ap Europe 1739.
O
1 au.s
Ap Russia
1759.
O
* jl au Ap Siberia
1822.
127 intermdium Schw. intermediate
O
* jl.au
Ap Poland 1822.
27. CALLIT/RICHE. W. WAtea Stanwont.
Haloragee. Sp. 1.
128 aqutica E. B.
Common
*: O
+ apo "W. Britain
dit.
28. BLITUM. Jy.
STRAwberry Blite.
Chenopodeae. Sp. 3.
129 capittum hy.
berry-headed
O or 2 my...au Ap Austria 1633.
130 virgatum W.
slender
O or 2 my.s Ap S. Europe 1680.
131 chenopodioidesLam, goosefoot
O
23 myau Ap Crimea
1797.
29. ASPICARPA. Rich. Aspicampa.
Malpighiaceae. Sp. 1.
132 (rens Rich.
stinging
_+ [Z\]
54 jn.jl
Ap S. Amer. 1821.
26. CORISPER'MUM.
124 hysspiflium W.
125 squarrsum W.
126 Redwski Fisch.
105
W. Tickseen.
hyssop-leaved
rough-spiked
Redowsky's
S
S.
S
S
Eng.bot. 467
co.
co
co
Lind. coll. 17
co
co
co
co
F1. graec. 1. t. 1
Pall. ross. 2. t-99
S aq.
Eng, bot. 722
S ru
S ru
S. co
PtetT.fl.p.1 t-2
Bot mag. 276
M. h.l. t.32.f. 11
C co
Mem. m. 2... 13
113
W
M.
111 ||
-
24, Zostera. From 2.7%, a riband; the leaves of Z. oceanica are a foot long and an inch broad, resembling
a riband. La Zostre, Fr., and Seetang, Ger. This plant abounds on the coast of Yarmouth, where it is
thrown on shore in such abundance that mounds are made with it to enclose the encroachments of the sea.
It is also used as thatch, and said to endure for upwards of a century; by exposure it bleaches white. In
Sweden and Holland it is used as a manure, and is preferred to hay for stuffing beds. Horses and swine eat it,
but cows are not fond of it. The rush-like envelopes of Italian liquor-flasks are prepared from this plant.
25. Chloranthus. So named from xxogos, green, and &ztios, a flower, on account of the greenish hue of its
inconspicuous inflorescence. The structure of the flower is very curious, and so anomalous, as to render it diffi
cuit to tell to what class of Linnaeus it is referable. For further remarks upon this subject, see Mr. Lindley's
Collectanea Botanica, p. 17.
26. Corispermun. From *rels, a bug or tick, and greewa, a seed. Le Corrisperme, Fr., and De Wansen
CLAss II. DIAN DRIA.
2 STAMENs.
This class, which is not large, and so entirely artificial that no other characters than those of the Linnaean
definition can be assigned to it, contains some elegant and fragrant plants belonging to Jasmineae, Scrophula.
rineae, and Labiatae: examples of the two latter orders are Veronica and Salvia, extensive genera chiefly of
hardy herbaceous plants. The most useful of the class are the pepper and the olive: the jasmine is used in per.
fumery; the sage and rosemary in cookery; and the privet and syringa for garden hedges. One or two species
are employed in medicine; several are border flowers; but the greater number of the class are plants of
Curiosity.
'm
is a leguminous plant, and is widely removed from its natural place, which is Diadelphia; so are
Salvia, Monarda, Rosmarinus, Veronica, and many others, which would have been naturally referred to Didy
nannia.
Under this class Persoon has placed the genus Gunnera, which Willdenow injudiciously referred to Gynan.
oria. A great variety of diandrous plants are scattered through the other classes of Linnaeus; but as such
;Plants are chiefly, with the exception, perhaps, of grasses, diandrous, on account of the incomplete formation of
some of their stamens, the rudiments of which are usually obvious, it is scarcely necessary to particularise more
than the following, viz.:
D. MONOGYN.I.A... Viola diandra; Salicornia herbacea, virginica; Anychia dichotoma; severa, species of
Boerhaavia. D. DIGYNIA. Polycnemum salsun; Bufonia tenuifolia. DTRIGYNIA. Holosteum diandrum.
Order 1.
MONOGYNIA.
Y-
2 Stamens.
1 Style.
1. Flowers complete, inferior, monopetalous, regular.

30. Codarium. Cal 5-cut, with a persistent tube. Cor. flattish. Legumen one-seeded, filled with a soft facula
31 Maytenus. Cal. 5 lobcd. Cor campanulate, entire. Caps, compressed, 2-valved, with 2 cells, and 2 seeds
MONANDRIA DIGYNIA.
ORDER II.
120 Leaves entire somewhat 3-nerved, Stems nearly round

121 Spikes compound, Stem decumbent
122 Spike simple solitary, Stem
123 Spikes 2-4 simple, Stem upright, Leaves thick
''
DIGYNIA.
124 Spikes terminal, Flowers distant, Leaves nerveless and bractes unarmed
125 Spikes axillary, Flowers close imbricat. Leaves nerveless and bractes mucronate pungent
126 Spikes terminal, Flowers becoming remote, Leaves nerveless and bractes pungent, Fruit incurved
127 Spikes terminal and axillary, Flowers imbricate, Leaves and bractes mucronate, Stem villous
128 A small floating plant resembling Lemna
129 Heads in terminal spikes
130 Heads lateral scattered
131 Heads axillary small not juicy, Stem very branching

132 A stinging twining perennial plant
125

same, Ger. The species abound in the south of Russia in marshy steppes with Salsola and Atriplex. Round the
Caspian sea they grow six feet high, are red in winter, and eaten by camels.
27. Callitrich.
From zaxxor or saxos, and 36%, hair. Le Callitrice, Fr. Der Wasserstirn, Ger., and Calli.
trica, Ital. A little aquatic plant, liable to variation in its appearance; on which account some botanists have
divided it into several species.
28. Blitum. From 8xarov, insipid, or, according to Dr. Theis, from the Celtic blith, which has the same in
port.
Le Blte, Fr. Die Beermelde, Ger., and Blito, Ital. After the flowers are past, the heads swell to the
size of wood-strawberries, and when ripe have the same color and appearance. They are succulent, stain the
hands, and were formerly used by cooks for coloring puddings.
Some consider the B. virgatum as only a
variety of the other.
29. Aspicarpa, From &rris, a round shield, and zagros, fruit, in reference to the form of the ripe fruit.
32. Olea Cor. 4-cleft. Segments subovate Drupe one-seeded.

33. Phillyrea. Cor. 4-cleft. Berry one-seeded.
34 Chionanthus. Cor. 4-cleft. Segments very long. Drupe one-seeded, with a furrowed nut.
35. Notelaea. Cal 4-toothed. Cor. 4 short oval petals united by the base of the stamens.
4-horned. Style O. Stigma bifid. Drupe with a papery putamen.
36. Ligustrum. Cor. 4-cleft. Berry 4-seeded.
37. Syringa. Cor. 4-cleft. Capsule of two cells.
38. Nyctanthes. Cor. 4-cleft. Segments truncated... Caps with two cells edged. Seeds solitary.
39. Jasminum. Cor. 5 or 8-cleft. Berry with two divisions. Seeds solitary with an arillus.
2. Flowers complete, inferior, monopetalous, irregular.
Cor. 4-cleft: limb flattish; the lowest segment the narrowest. Capsule 2-celled.
40. Veronica.
41. Galipea
O
Filaments
Cor 4 or 5-cleft, hypocrateriform. Stam. 4: 2-sterile.
Schwenkia.
Cor. nearly equal: the orifice plaited, stellate, and glandular. Stam. 5: 3-sterile.
Capsule
2-celled.
43. Gratiola. Cor. 4 cleft, 2-lipped, resupinate, Stamens 4: 2-sterile. Caps. 2-celled.
44. Schizanthus. Cal 5-parted. Cor. 2-lipped resupinate: the upper lip 5-parted, the lower 3-parted.
Stam. 4, 2-sterile. Caps, 2-valved, 2-celled.
45. Elytraria. Cal 4-5-parted. Cor. 5-cleft, nearly equal Caps. 2-valved, 2-celled. Seeds attached below
to a dissepiment contrary to the valves.
46, Hypoestes. Cal 5-cleft equal, with a 4-cleft 3-flowered involucrum. Cor. 2-lipped. Stamens 2.
Anthers
1-celled. Seeds fixed by little hooks.

47. Justicia, Cal 5-parted equal. Cor. 2-lipped or ringent: the lower lip divided. Anthers 2-celled. Seeds
attached by little hooks.
48. Dicliptera. Cal 5-parted. Cor. bilabiate. Caps, with two elastic valves, #2-celled, the dissepiment re
taining the seeds by its inflexed toothed edge.
49. Eranthemum. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. 5-cleft, with the tube curved in the middle. Caps, many seeded.
50. Wulfenia. Cor. 4-cleft: smooth bearded. Cal 5-parted. Caps. 2-celled.
#!. Calceolaria. Cor. ringent, inflated. Cal 4-cleft. Caps. 2-celled, 4-valved.
# inguicula, Cor. ringent, spurred. Cal 5-cleft Caps 1-celled.

53. Utricularia. Cor. ringent, spurred. Cal 2-leaved. Caps. 1-celled.
10
2
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
54. Stachytarpheta.
sterite.
Cal. tubular, 4-toothed.
CLAss II.
Cor. hypocrateriform, unequal, 5-cleft, curved.
Stam. 4:
ls two.
'
55. Lycopus. Cor. 4-cleft, nearly equal, with one

emarginate. Stamens distant. Seeds naked.
56 Amethystea. Cor. 5-cleft, nearly equal, with the lowest segment concave. Stamens near each other.
Seeds naked.
57. Ziziphora. Cal cylindrical with ten lines, somewhat 2-lipped, 5-toothed, closed with hairs. Cor. 2-lipped.
Seeds 4 naked.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
Cunila. Cal. oblong, 5-toothed, closed with hairs. Cor. 2-lipped. Seeds 4 naked.
Hedeoma. Cal.2-lipped, gibbous at the base. Cor. ringent. Stamens 4: 2 sterile.
Monarda. Cor ringent: helmet linear, wrapping up the anthers. Seeds naked.
Rosmarinus. Cor. ringent. Helmet arched, bifid. Stamens curved, with a tooth. Seeds naked.
Salvia. Cor. ringent. Filaments stalked cross-wise. Seeds naked.
Collinsonia. Cor somewhat ringent: the lip very finely divided. Seeds naked.
Catalpa. Cor. 5-cleft, irregular. Cal. 2-parted. Stam. 3 sterile. Caps. 2-celled. Seeds at each end with
a membranous pappus.
65. Ghinia. Cor. ringent.
Cal. with 5 bristles.
Fruit, a fleshy 4-celled nut.
* 9. Flowers complete, inferior, polypetalous.

66. Fontanesia. Cor with 2 petals. Cal 4-parted. Caps. 2-celled, not opening.
67. Linociera. Cor with 4 petals. Cal. 4-toothed. Berry with 2 cells.
68. Ancistrum. Cal. 1-leaved, armed with barbed spines. Cor. 4 petals inserted into edge of calyx.
2-4-5. Stigm. finely divided. Seed one, inclosed in the calyx.
Stam.
MONOGYN.I.A.
30. CODARIUM. Wahl. Wild TAMAnind.
Leguminosae. Sp. 1-2.
133 acutifolium Afz.
shining-leaved in D or 20
G
S. Leone 1800.
131. MAYTE/NUS. Mol. MAYTENUs.
Celastrinae. Sp. 1.
134 boria Mol.
yellow-fruited a -l or 15
W.
Chili
1822.
32. O' LEA. W.
Olive.
Oleinae. Sp. 8-12.
135 oleaster Hoffm.
bastard
* L J or 5 jn.au W
Portugal 1821.
136 europaea W.
European oliver L. fr. 15 jn.au W.
S. Europe 1570.
A longifolia
long-leaved
u_j fr15 jn.au W. S. Europe ...
lattflia
broad-leaved
fron-colored
s bliqua
twisted-leaved
u_j fr 15 jn.au W. S. Europe ...
& burifolia
bor-leaved
137 capnsis W en.
leathery-leav'da L J or 5 jns
W.
C. B. S.
1730.
138 undulta W en.
wave-leaved * u or 6 apmy W
C. B. S.
1730.
139 verrucosa W.
warted
* u_j or 6 ap.my W
C. B. S.
1814.
140 americana W.
American
* L or 6 jn
W
N. Amer. 1758.
141 exclsa W.
laurel-leaved
u_j or 15
my
W
Madeira 1784.
142 frgrans W.
fragrant
u_j or 4 jn.au Y
China
1771.
1-12
C 1.p Roe arc. 1.31.t. 6

C co Feuill. ch. 3. t.27
C
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C
C.
S
S.
co
r.m Flora Graeca t.3
r.m
r.m. Bot. cab. 456
r.m
r.m
r.m
p. Bot reg. 613
p.1 Bot. cab. 379
p.1
sp Cat. car. 1. t. 61
p.1
L. p.1 Bot mag. 1552
*
LA-Af
Q'o
S:
%
*
-->
- \
-
# *~
30. Codarium. So named by Dr. Afzelius, from zaibagio, a leathern pouch, in allusion to the pods of the tree.
These are filled with an abundant pithy fiecula, which is eaten by the inhabitants of the coast of Guinea, where
the fruit is called wild tamarinds.
31. Maytenus. The barbarous name of the shrub, and applied as a generic name by Molina. It has the habit
of a Rhamnus, and will probably form an hardy inhabitant of our gardens.
32. Olea. From exaux, the Greek name for the plant; a word derived in its turn, as De This conjectures, from
the Celtic olew, oil. Olea is commonly put for the tree; oliva, for the fruit; and oleum, for the juice of the fruit.
L'olivier, Fr. Oelbaum, Ger., and Ulivo, Ital. The cultivated olive came originally from Asia, and grows
abundantly about Aleppo and Lebanon; it is naturalised in different parts of the south of France, Spain, and
Italy, and found in hedges and woods; but the fruit of that kind is small and of no use. O. e.var. longifolia, is
the variety chiefly cultivated in the south of France and in Italy.
O. e.var. latifolia, is chiefly cultivated in
Spain; its fruit is near twice the size of the common olive of Provence or Italy, but the oil is so rank of flavor
as to be too strong for most English palates. The oil and fruit, in a pickled state, are sent chiefly from Lan.
uedoc, Leghorn, and Naples to England; the best oil is from Leghorn, and the best pickles from Genoa and
Marseilles. The tree seldom exceeds thirty feet in height, is branchy, glaucous, evergreen; and of so great
longevity, that some plantations in Italy, as at Terni, are supposed to have existed from the time of Pliny. The
tree delights in schistous, calcareous steeps, and does not thrive in elevated situations, or at a distance from the
sea. The best oil is produced from fruit grown in calcareous soils. Olive oil may be said to form the cream
and butter of Spain and Italy; and the tree has been celebrated in all ages as the bounteous gift of heaven, and
as the emblem of peace and plenty.
Olive oil is made by crushing the fruit to a paste, then pressing it through a woollen bag, adding hot water as
long as * oil is produced. The oil is afterwards skimmed off the water, and put in tubs, barrels, and bottles
for use. The best olive oil is of a bright pale-amber color without smell, and bland to the taste. Kept warm,
it becomes rancid, and it freezes at 38 Fah. It is of the same nature with all mild expressed vegetable oils; of
these the most fluid are preferred, and hence the oils of olives and almonds are those chiefly used in medicine.
Oily substances do not unite with the contents of acid stomachs; but to healthy patients they afford much
DIANDRIA
ORDER I.
69. Ornus.
Cal 4-parted.
Cor of 4 petals.
MONOGYNIA.
ll
Fruit, a winged Samara of two cells.
$ 10. Flowers complete, superior.

70. Morina. Cal. of the fruit toothed with bristles: of the flower bifid
71. Circaea. Cal. 2 leaved. Cor. with two obcordate petals.
72. Fedia. Caps. 3-locular, crowned with the upright (not involute) limb of the calyx. Corolla irregular.
$ 11. Flowers incomplete, with no corolla.
73. Pimelea. Cal funnel-shaped, with a 4-cleft limb. Stigma capitate.
74. Cladium. Cal. many-valved, 1-flowered: valves glumaceous, imbricated, the exterior smallest. Nut with
-
a double coat.
Order 2.
75. Gunnera. Cor. O.
76. Anthoranthum.
DIGYNIA.
Cal. 2-toothed.
2 Stamens. 2 Styles.
Seed one, inclosed in a tough coat.
Glume membranous, 3-flowered.
Lateral florets neuter with one palea bearded;
intermediate floret hermaphrodite, much shorter than the lateral ones.
Order 3.
77. Piper. Cal. O. Cor. O.
TRIGYNIA.
*e
Paleae obtuse, beardless.
Seed free.
Berry 1-seeded. Spadix simple, slender, covered with little flower-bearing
scales.
MONOGYNLA.
133 Leaves unequally pinnate, Leaflets oval acute the inner the smallest
134 Leaves sessile two inches long opposite or alternate oblong smooth serrated
135 Leaves oblong pointed entire: the young ones only hoary beneath, Branches spiny
136 Leaves lanceolate pointed entire hoary beneath, Branches angular not spiny
a Leaves line..r-ianceolate flat silky beneath
3. Leaves oblong flat hoary beneath
Leaves narrow acute at each end, rusty beneath
* Leaves oblong bent obliquely pale beneath
& Leaves oblong ovate, divaricate
137 Leaves oblong, Flowers racemose panicled terminal
138 Leaves elliptical wavy, Stalks of leaves green
139 Leaves lanceolate flat white beneath, Branches warted
140 Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, Bractes all pers stent connate ovate, Racemes sub-compound narrow
141 Leaves elliptic acute, Bractes perfoliate: the lower cup-shaped persistent the upper large leafy deciduous
142 Leaves elliptic-lanceolate sub-serrate, Flowers single lateral in buuches
nourishment, and medicinally are supposed to correct acrimony, to lubricate, and relax. Olive oil is applied ex
ternally to bites and stings of poisonous animals, and to burns alone, with chalk, or in liniments and poultices.
The ancients rubbed their bodies with it in dropsies and for various purposes; but it is now little used excepting
for coughs and in worm cases.
Pickled olives are prepared from unripe fruit by repeatedly steeping them in water, to which quicklime or any
alkaline substance is sometimes added to shorten the operation. Afterwards ": are soaked in pure water,
and then taken out and bottled in salt and water, with or without an aromatic. They are eaten abroad as a
to
whet before and during the principal meals, and in this country chiefly at the dessert. They are su
excite appetite and promote digestion. The finest kind of the prepared fruit is called by the merchants Picholine
after one Picholini, an Italian, who first discovered the art of pickling olives.
The culture of the olive abroad may be said to resemble that of grass orchards in Britain. It is propagated
by suckers, large cuttings, or truncheons planted in trenches four feet deep, into which it is still the custom to
deposit stones for encouraging moisture about the roots, as described by Virgil. ii. 346.) It is also pro
pagated by chips of the stool, in the following manner: An old tree is cut down, and the ceppo, or stock, is cut
into pieces of nearly the size and shape of a mushroom, and which, from that circumstance, are called uovoli.
Care is taken that each uovolo shall have a small portion of bark. After being dipped in manure, the uovoli
are planted thick in a bed and covered with earth to the depth of three inches; they soon throw up shoots, and
are transplanted at the end of one year, and in three more are fit to be finally removed to the olive plantation.
... The olive in Britain grows readily by cuttings, or may be grafted on the privet. With protection during frost,
it may be maintained against a in the latitude of London. Some trees so treated, produced a crop in the
garden of Camden House, Kensington, in 1719, and in Devonshire, some trees have stood the winter for many
Years as standards, though without ripening their fruit.
Large plants are frequently imported iroin Genoa,
with orange
trees.in the leaves and blossoms; the plant is much esteemed on that ac,
and pomegranate
"longfragrams
is highly
odoriferous both
count in China, : the 'eaves used at once to adulterate and flavor teas
12
DIANDRIA
33. PHILLYRE A. L.
Philly REA.
143 angustifolia W. en narrow-leaved a
A rosmarinifolia
rosemary-leav. *
2 brachiata
brachiate
*
144 mdia W. en
twiggy
*
S burifolia
bor-leaved
*
145 virgata W en.
privet-leaved a
146 pndula W. en.
drooping
*
##le'lia'iy, en
olive leaved
148 laevis W en.

149 ilicifolia W. en.
150 latifolia W. en.
smooth-leaved *
151 obliqua W. en.

34. CHIONANTHUS.
152 virginica W.
153 maritima Ph.
154 axillris Br.
35. NOTELAEA. B. P.
155 longifolia B. P.
156 ligustrina Vent.
holly-leaved
161 chinnsis W.
*
*
broad-leaved *
8.ft. pleno
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
w
W.
W.
w
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
Europe
Europe
Europe
Europe
Europe
Europe
Europe
Europe
Europe
Europe
Europe
1597.
1597.
1597.
1597.
1597.
1597.
1597.
157.
1597.
1597.
1597.
L.
I.
L.
L.
L
I.
L.
L.
L.
I.
C
s.1 Lam, ill. t. 8. fs

s.1
s.l
s.p Duham. t. 27
:
s.
s.1
s.l. Pluk.alt.310 fs
s.1
s.l
rim Fl. grac 1. t. 2
-
or 15
my.jn W.
Oleinae. Sp. 3.
S. Europe 1597. C. r.m.
or 30
N. Amer. 1736. L plcat car. 1. t. 69
pubescent
axil-flowering sk
NoTELEA.
or 10 my.jl W.
or 7
my.jl W.
Oleinae. Sp.3.
long-leaved
a u_j
or 3
privet-leaved *
U or
3
white
Chinese
mr.jn W.
W.
jLau
- -
N.S.W.
C sp
sp Vent-choix.26-b
Bot rep. t. Sl o
V.
Di. L. 1790
1807. C
sk
sh
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
Oleine. Sp. 34.

8
my
B
Persia
8
my
P
Persia
5
my
W
Persia
4 myjn V
China
4 mn.jn V
China
5 my
P
Persia
2
my
W
Persia
5
my
P
Persia
Jasmineae.
D or 15
Jasmineae.
JASMINE.
single Arabians D or
double ditto
* [I] or
jaid
W.
ja.d
W.
* [jor 6
hairy Indian * [I5 or 3
166 campanultum Lk, campanulate * D or 4
jaid W.
myau W
167 laurifolium Roxb.
laurel-leaved * D or
mys
W.
155
1794. g.1 s.l. Bot. mag. 2565

1794. g. s.l
hedg. S co Eng, bot. 64
...
...
L. co
L. co
1597. Sk co Schk, han. 1. t. 2

...
Sk co Bot. mag. 183
...
1795.
...
1640.
...
...
Sk co
L.
L
L.
I
L.
l.p Duham. 2. t. 63
lip
sp. Bot mag. 486
sp
l.p Schm. ar. 2. t. 79
E. Indies 1781. C. r.m. Bot reg.399
Sp. 1840.
Tuscan
1821. C. s.p
$p. 1.
V
7 trifolitum
165 hirstitum Er. B.
145
N. Amer. 1736. L. p.]

E. Indies 1810. C. p.1
3 jl.au W. V. Di. L.
Oleine. Sp. 2-4.
or 8 jn.s
W.
China
or 8 jnis
W.
China
or 10 jnjl
W.
Rritain
or 8 Jn.j!
W
Italy
or 8 jn.jl
W
ltaly
*
*
Sh
*
Lilac.
Common
purple
myji "w
*u- or
38. NYCTANTHES. W. NYCTANTHEs.

163 arbor tristis W.
square-stalked *
164 Sambac W.
Sp 9.
myjn
myjn
myjn
myjn
myjn
myjn
myjn
myjn
myjn
my.jn
myjn
smooth-leaved
3 rothomagnsis Turp. hybrid

162 parsica W.
ersian
B alba
white
2 lacinita
cut-leaved
f39. JASMI'NUM. W.
8
8
8
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
oblique-leaved *
W. FRINGE-TREE.
157 rigida Desf.

rigid
136. LIGUSTRUM. W.
PRiver.
158 lcidum H. K.
wax-tree
..floribundum
jlowering
159 vulgre W.
Common
sempervirens
evergreen
7 xanthocrpum
gellow-berried
+37. SYRINGA. W.
160 vulgris W.
e violcea
7 lba
Oleiner.
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
CLAss II.
MONOGYNIA.
E. Indies 1665. C. r.m. Bot reg. 1

E. Indies 1700. C. r.m. Bot rep. 497
E. Indies 1730. C. r.m. Bot mag. 1785

E Indies 1759. C. r.m Ex, bot. 2. t. 118
1822.
C. r.m.
E. Indies 1819. C. r.m. Bot. reg. b31

160
33. Phillyrea. Said to derive its name from uxxo, a leaf, an etymology far from satisfactory. The genus
consists of ornamental evergreen shrubs, the supposed varieties of which have been considered distinct species
by
modern botanists. Some authors have united the genus with Olea, but they have not been followed
generally.
34. na". From x12s, snow, and 2,02, a flower. Le Chionanthe, Fr.
Der Schneeblume, Ger., and
Albero de neve, Ital. Both species are highly ornamental shrubs or low trees; their leaves are above half a foot
in length, and 13 inch in breadth; their flowers white, in numerous long bunches, and their fruit of the size
and color of a sloe. They are propagated by seeds or grafting on the common ash.
35. Notelaea. From worer, south, and exziz, olive: the olive of the south. A small ornamental genus of nearly
'
hardy shrubs, which would probably endure the climate of this country in a favorable situation.
36. Ligustrum. From ligre, to tie, on account of its long pliable branches. La Fresillon, Fr. Der Liguster,
Ger., and Legustro, Ital. privet in old authors is called primprivet, as Professor Martyn conjectures, from
its patience under the sheers. Few shrubs exceed it as a garden hedge-plant: it will thrive in the middle of
coal-burning cities, in the shade, and under the drip of trees; though to flower well it requires an open airy
situation , Cows, sheep, and goats eat it, but horses refuse it.
The Sphinx ligustri, L., or privet hawkmoth, and Phalaena syringaria feed on it in the caterpillar
state: the blister beetle, Lytta vesicatoria, from which cantharides is formed, is also found on it. Fully grown,
the wood is fit for the turner, and a rose-colored pigment may be prepared from the berries, which, with alum,
dye wool and silk of a durable green. The berries remain on the tree during winter in elegant purple clusters,
and are not eaten by birds excepting in very severe weather, when bullfinches and some others feed on them.
Like most plants that have been long in cultivation, the privet varics in its leaves, flowers, and fruit, and in the
duration of the former. In its cultivated state it is always evergreen; found wild in woods and hedges, is ge.
ORDER I.
DIANDRIA MONOGYN.I.A.
13
143 Leaves linear lanceolate entire
144 Leaves lanceolate entire or serrate in the middle, Leaves 3-nerved

145 Leaves oblong lanceolate sub-serrate in the middle obsoletely veined, Branches erect
146 Leaves oblong lanceolate acute obsoletely serrated at the point veiny, Branches veiny
147 Leaves oblong lanceolate nearly entire obtuse narrowed at the base veiny
148 Leaves elliptic oblong nearly entire veiny somewhat obtuse
149 Leaves ovate oblong rounded at the base veiny serrated, Serratures with stiff points
150 Leaves ovate rounded at the base serrated acute veiny
151 Leaves oblong serrated acute at each end veiny
-
152 Racemes terminal, Stalks 3-flowered, Petals linear lanceolate, Leaves coriaceous
153 Leaves obovate lanceolate membranaceous pubescent, Panicles very lax, Fruit elliptic
154 Spikes axillary very short, Leaves oblong elliptic acute
155 Leaves lanceolate pointed sub-reclinate, Racemes length of the leaf-stalks
156 Leaves lanceolate acute sub-erect, Racemes as long as the leaves
157 Leaves opposite rigid broad lanceolate entire, Bunches axillary
158 Leaves ovate oblong pointed shining above, Flowers spreading
159 Leaves ellipt-lanceolate smooth, Racemes compound dense
160 Leaves ovate cordate, Branches stiff white colorcd

161 Leaves ovate-lanceolate, Branches stiff mottled
162 Leaves lanceolate, Branches virgate mottled
163 A delightfully fragrant plant, Leaves cordate, Flowers panicled
164 Leaves opposite sub-sessile oblong or cordate, Calyx with subulate teeth, Berrics globular
165 Leaves cordate downy, Umbels terminal sessile many-flowered
166 Branches round pubescent, Leaves ternate oval pointed, Calyx bell-shaped with very short teeth
167 Leaves opp. shining lanc.3-nerv. Fl. 1.5 ax. and term. Cal. 6., toothed, Cor. 9.12 part. Seg. lin, the length of tube
and Miscellancous Particulars.
nerally deciduous. Sometimes the leaves grow by threes, are enlarged at the base and variegated. The regular
number of stamens is two; but sometimes there are three or four in a flower. The berries are usually purple
or black, but some have been seen of a white color; and a yellow fruited variety is common in the gardens.
A kind of vegetable wax is said to be obtained from L. lucidum in China.

37. Syringa. Some say from Xvel, an Arcadian nymph, or, more properly, here, a pipe. The tubes of the
finest Turkish pipes are manufactured from the wood of it; but the true root of the word is to be found in
sirinx, its native name in Barbary. Lilac is a Persian word signifying a flower. Le Lilas, Fr. Die Syrene,
Ger., and Syringa, Ital. All the species are most beautiful flowering shrubs, readily propagated by suckers,
which they throw up in abundance. The common lilac seems to have been introduced before or during the
reign of Henry VIII.; for in the inventory taken by order of Cromwell of the articles in the gardens of the
palace of Nonsuch, are mentioned six lilackes; trees which bear no fruit, but only a pleasant smell. S. persica
is well adapted for forcing in pots; but so treated its flowers are without fragrance.
38. Nyctanthes. From *w, night, and xylos, flower, night-flower, its flowers expanding and smelling only in
the night. L. Arbor triste, Fr. Der Trauerige baum, Ger. It grows freely in loam and peat soil mixed, but sel
dom produces its exquisitely fragrant flowers in England. Sweet thinks it is generally kept too warm, and
recommends a trial in the greenhouse or open air; but its appearance would probably be little improved by
any manner of treatment, as it has but an indifferent aspect in its own country. Cuttings not too ripe, root
readily in sand under a hand-glass.
39. Jasminum. From the Arabian jasmin (ysmyn). Linnaeus obtained a fancied etymology from ix, a violet,
and *, smell. Le Jasmine, Fr. Der Schasmine, Ger., and Il Gelsonino, Ital. The flowers of J. sambac
ire of exquisite fragrance, and in high csteem both in the East and West Indies. It grew in the Hampton
Court garden at the end of the 17th century; but being lost there, was known in Europe only in the garden of
14
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
* Llor
168 grcile B. P.
glaucous
# u_J or
109 glaucum W.
170 trinerve W.
three-nerved a D or
171 simplicifolium W. simple-leaved a D or
172 paniculatum Roxb. panicled
a CD or
173 undulatum Wahl.
wavy
fl-D or
174 auriculatum Wahl. auriculated
a D or
Azorian
A-L-J or
175 azricum W.
comm. yellow *
or
176 fraticans W.
slender
jaid
W.
3
20
au
W
W
Class II.
Norfolk I. 1791.
C.B.S.
1774.
Sylhet
1804.
S. Seas
1800.
China
1818.
China
1819.
E. Indies 1790.
Madeira 1724.
3 jn.jl
W
5 ja
W
5 ja
W
10 my..s W
5 apin Y
3 apo Y
S. Europe 1570.
Italian
*
or
177 h(\mile W.
3 jns
Y
S. Europe 1656.
178 odoratissimum W. sweet-scented AL u_J or 3
Madeira 1656.
myn W
179 revoltum B. R.
E. Indies 1812.
Y
curled flowereda. u_j or 12 m.o
180 officinle W.
common white R
or 15
1548.
jno
W
E. Indies 1629.
181 grandiflrum W.
Catalonian
a u-J or 15 jno W
*40. VERO'NICA. W.
Speedwell.
Sp.
84-136.
Scrophularinae.
Siberian
A or 3
Siberia
1779.
$182 sibirica W.
jl.au B
jl.s
W
Virginian
A or 5
$183 virginica W.
Virginia 1714.
Jlesh-colored
or
1 jls
F
incarnata
184 foliosa Schr.
leafy
or
2 jls
B
Hungary 1805.
185 crenulta Vahl.
notch-flowered
or
1: jl.s
B
S. Europe 1814.
186 maritima Schr.
sea-side
or
2 jls
B
Sweden
1570.
or
11 jls
B
Siberia , 1822.
187 angustifolia Fisch. narrow-leaved :
bastard
or
2 jls
La Siberia
1731.
188 sparia Schr.
panicled
or
Russia
1797.
189 paniculta Pall.
11 jn.jl
B
or
2
s.o
B
190 complicata W en. folded-leaved
S. Europe 1812.
sky-blue
or
191 azrea Lk.
3 jl.s
B
1821.
many-spiked
or
2 jls
B
1821.
192 polystchya Lk.
smooth
or
4 jls
B
193 glabra Schr.
S. Europe 1804.
white
or
4 jls
W
g alba
or
4 jl.s
B
194 amethystina W en. fine blue
S. Europe 1812.
tall
or
195 eltior W. en.
7 jls
B
S. Europe 1808.
acute
or
196 acta Mart.
......
1822.
5 jn.jl
B
sharp-notched
:
or
3
jls
B
197 argta Schr.
S. Europe 1812.
or
198 mdia Schr.
3 jls
B
long-spiked
Germany 1804.
or
2 jl.s
B
1823.
199 persicifolia Schott. peach-leaved
or
200 austrlis Schr.
ubescent
1: jls
B
S. Europe 1812.
ong-leaved
or
3 jls
B
Q01 longifolia Schr.
S. Europe 1731.
or
3 jls
F
incarnata
or
3 jls
W
7 tba
short
or
Crimea
1821.
202 grossa Mart.
2 jn.jl
B
doubtful
or
Sweden
1823.
203 ambigua Mant.
3 jn.jl
B
-
204 neglcta W en.

205 incna Schr.
evanescent
hoary
206 rgens Mart.

207 legans D. C.
stiff
208 brevifolia Lk.

200 spicta Schr.
210 clasii Schott.
211 menthaefolia Schott.
212 barreliri Schott.
213 orchida Crz.
short-leaved
spiked
Ecluse's
mint-leaved
Barreliers
sy
-
elegant
Y
#3.
214 hybrida Schr.
orchis-flowrd. Yi
Welsh
SY
215 crassifolia Kit.
thick-leaved
216 ruthnica Jacq.
Hungarian
217
218
219
220
221
Pona's
villous
Pnae W.
villsa Schr.
pinnta Schr.
incisa Schr.
lacinita Schr.
Sw
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
222 gentianoides W.
223 pllida Hornem.
A or
pale
3. A or
224 bellidioides W.
daisy-leaved
wing-leaved
SY
jagged-leaved Y. A or
cut-leaved
St A or
1:
2
2
2
1
1
#
1
1
1
1
23
2
*
1%
1
2
2
2
2
*
jl.au
jls
myjn
my.jn
jn.jl
jls
jls
jls
jls
jls
jl.s
my.jn
my.jn
myjn
jls
jn.au
jn.au
jn.au
myjn
myjn
jn.jl
D.B.
B
B
Pk
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
Siberia
Russia
rim Bot reg. 436

rim Bot reg: 264
r.m. Bot reg. 89
r.m. Bot. mag. 461
co Bot. reg. 350
r.m. Bot mag. 285
r.m. Bot reg. 178
co Bot mag. 31
r.m. Bot reg. 91
co
co
co
Co
Co
co
co
co
Co
Wa, & K.2. t. 102

Hoff ph. t. E. fs
Sc. v. p. 29. t.1.f.1
s.l
Hoff ph. t. E. f.4
co
Co
Co
co
Co
co
Co
co
Co
co
Co
co
Co
co
co
Co
Am. rut. 20. t. 4

Hoff got 15. t. 1
Gmel it. 1. t. 39
Sc. v. p.25. t.1.f4
:s | #|
1797.
759.
1823.
S. France 1822.
1822.
Wa. & K. 3. t.244

Hoff got. 15. t. 6
England ch.pa.
Hungary 1832.
Eng: bot. 2
Austria
1823.
S. Europe 1823.
Europe 1819.
England moun.
Europe 1822.
Hungary 1821.
Pyrenees 1822.
S. Europe 1804.
B
B
B
D.B
B
B
Siberia
Siberia
Siberia
Levant
Tauria
Switzerl.
V
B
B
rim Bot. cab.469
1776.
1779.
1780.
1748.
1821.
1775.
Bot mag. 2210

Eng. bot. 673
Sc. v. p. 31.t.1.f5
Hoffgot. 15. t.10
Jung. ic. rar. f. 2
Bot. mag. 1002
Hall.hist, t. 15.f.1

the Grand Duke of Tuscany at Pisa, where Evelyn informs us (Metro-rs, &c. by Bray), the plant was placed
under guard that no cuttings might be purloined. A plant sent to Miller in 1730 restored it to England, and
it is now a common greenhouse shrub. Plants of J. humile, also very odoriferous, are commonly imported from
Genoa along with orange-trees. J. officinale has been a favorite wall-shrub from time immemorial. Its native
country, as well as the date of its introduction are unknown. Gerarde, in 1597, says it was in common use for
covering arbors. J hirsutum is a tall tree, whose sweet-smelling flowers open during the night and fade at sun
-
ORuka I.
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
15
168 Leaves opposite simple ovate ellipt. Calyx smooth campanulate: teeth very short
169 IAeaves lanceolate mucronate sub-coriaceous, Flowers 3 terminal
170 Leaves polished 3-nerved pointed, Fl. sol Cal 67 toothed, Cor. 6.8 Seg. filif longer than the long tube
171 Spreading, Leaves obl. polished, Flowers 3 or many term. Cor. 6.8 part. Segm. linear acute equal to tube
172 Erect every part polished, Leaves ternate oval obtusely acuminate, Panicles terminal
173 Leaves simple cordate obl. shining, Branches and flower-stalks hairy, Racemes 3-flow. Calyx-teeth straight
174 Leaves sub-ternate, Leaflets ovate the pair minute or wanting, Teeth of cal. 5 gland. Cor. 7 part Berr. glob.
175 Leaves compound ternate ovate and
Calyx campan. smooth, Segm. of corolla equal to its tube
176 Leaves alternate ternate and simple, Leaflets sub-cuneate, Calyx-teeth subulate
177 Leaves alternate acute ternate and pinnate, Branches angular, Calyx-teeth very short
178 Leaves alternate obtuse ternate and
Branches slender, Calyx-teeth very short
179 Leaves in about 3pairs ovate lanc. on short stalks, Cym term. few or many-fl. loose, Anth mucr.partly exsert
180 Leaves pinnate acuminate, Buds upright
181 Leaves opposite pinnate exterior 3 or 5 leaflets confluent, Flowers terminal, Buds horizontal
Racemes or Spikes terminal, Leaves whorled and opposite.
182 Leaves 56 or 9 together lanceolate sessile
183 Leaves 45 together lanceolate ovate stalked, Flowers cylindrical
184 Leaves 3 or 4 together ovate or ovate-lanceolate sub-biserrate; serratures unequal

185 Leaves ternate and opposite obl.-lanc. serrate, Cal. acute, Cor notched.
shorter than capsule
186 Leaves 3 or 4togeth, lin, lanc. from an ov. base acumin. deeply doubly serr, with the stem sub-pub. Cal. nearly
187 Leaves opp. linear narrowed by degrees very acute remotely serrated, Bractes longer than the flower-stalks
188 Leaves 3 or 4 together nearly sessile lanceolate simply serrate; serratures equal
189 Leaves narrow lanc. remotely serr, or lin. and very ent Bract. much longer than fl.-stalks, Stem ascending
190 Spikes lateral short nodding, Leaves opp, folded together toothed: teeth thick, Segments of corolla entire
191 Leaveslan lin, narr. by deg. to very end finely serr the serrat. at base of leaf deep. Bract longer than flower-st.
192 Leaves sub-sess. ovate acute serrated pubes. Flower bearing branches in bundles, Flow. sub-sess very small
193 Leaves opp. 3 togeth. sub-cord lanc. simply serrated with the stem smooth, Serratures remote nearly equal
194 Stem pubes. Leaves opp. and tern lanc. rather fleshy simply and remotely serrate wedge-shaped at the base
195 All over slightly pubes. Leaves3 togeth. lanc. acumin. sub-cord at base doubly serrate: serrat. of base deepest
196 Leaves very long almost coriaceous opp. or 3 together on short stalks cordate at base acutely and unequally
dentate serrate hanging down
197 Leaves lanceolate acute simply serrate entire at the end, Serratures distant simple equal
198 Leaves opposite and 3 together lanceolate acute serrate with the stem downy, Serratures near unequal
199 Leaves opp. and tern lanc. very much lengthened out serrated to the very end, Bract. longer than fi-stalk
200 Leaves ovate lanceolate simply serrate entire at the end with the stem pubescent, Serratures near unequal
201 Leaves opposite 3 or 4 together cordate lanceolate acuminate doubly serrated with the stem downy
202 Leaves 3 or 4 tog. at basewidely cord lanc. deeply doubly acutely uneq dent serr. Serr sprig, lowest distant.
203 Leaves 3 or 4 tog. ov. acum. cord at base doubly acutely and uneq serr. beneath and with the stem pubesc,
Racemes terminal, Leaves opposite.
204 Hoary, Leaves lanceolate serrate acute at the base wedge-shaped and entire, Stem erect
205 Hoary, Leaves lanceolate crenate and nearly entire obtuse, Stem erect
206 Leaves on short stalks stiffish cordate at the base pointed closely acutely and doubly serrate, Stem pubescent
207 Leaves ovate oblong crenate stalked obtuse with the stem pu
ent, Spikes many, Bractes very small
208 Stem simp pub. Lvs. op lan. obl. by deg. narr. fr. base point ser, ent at end, up ones sub-ser. Br. lon, than fl-st.
209 Slightly pub. Lvs. cren, the rad. ov. obl. running down intostalk, Caul.lanc. sess, Fl. spkd. Br. and cal. pilose
210 Toment with stlkd, glands, Lvs. tooth, rad. ov. runn. down intost. Caul. lan. stik.d. FI in spks. Br. & cal. civ.
211 Villous, Leaves serr. rad. ovate, Caul. obl acute stalkd. at base and end entire, Fl. in racemes, Bractes linear
212 Villous, Leaves cren. rad. ov. Caul. obl. obtuse sub-sess. Flow. in racemose spikes, Br. and cal. smooth ciliate
213 Slightly pubesc. Leaves crenulate radical oblong ovate running down into stalk, Cauline lanceol. acuminate
sub-sessile, Flowers in close spikes
214 Lvs. uneq tooth serr, with stem pub rad.stlkd, ov. Caul. sub-sess. ellipt. obl. Fl. in spks. Br. lin, lon. than cal.
215 Leaves opp. ov. lanc. runn down into st: the lower cren. the upp. ent Spks term. or 3 tog. F1. like an orchis
216
217
218
219
220
221
2.22
Leaves ov. lan. uneq ser. Br. lan. as long as cal. Cal. 4 part uneq. Seg. ov.obl. Caps smth. rather long than cal.
Leaves cordate ovate sessile very obtuse with the very simple stem hairy, Racemes few-fl. Calyx smooth
Leaves oblong ovate cut and serrated with the stem somewhat villous
Stem ascending, Leaves in fasc. the lower pinnate, the upper pinnatifid and simp. Leafl. and div. filif
Leaves in fasc. stalked pinnatifid lanc. Segm. nearly entire, Racemes several, Seg. of the Calyx lanceolate
Leaves in fasc. on short stalks linear pinnatifid: Seg. entire, Raceme nearly sol. Seg. of calyx oblong ovate
Raceme corymbose term. Leaves radical obl. connatesheathing cartil. crenate or ent Stem simp ascending
223 Stem ascend feeble, Lvs. lanc. obt. sub-serr.; lower sheathing, Rac. loose, Up. seg. of cor wider than side ones
224 Leaves obov. cren. with simple ascend stem pilose, Cauline # remote.
corymb hairy about 5-flowered
&
: the species thrive in any light loamy soil or loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under
a hand-glass.
.40. Veronica. A word said to have becn altered from Betonica. (See that name.) La Veronique, Fr., and
Khrenfreiso, Ger. v. officinalis has been much recommended in Sweden and Germany as a substitute for tea,
than which Professor Martyn says, it is more astringent and less grateful. Withering prefers V. Chamaedrys for
the same purpose. Several species were formerly in repute in medicine, and given in disorders of the lungs,
16
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
225 fruticulsa W.
226 saxtilis W.
flesh-colored
blue-rock
227 alpina W.
integrifolia
228 depauperta Kit
29 serpyllifolia W.
alpine
230 hirsuta Lk.
hairy
small-leaved
231 microphylla Kit,

232 decussta W.
2.33 aphylla W.
234. Beccabnga W.
235 anagllis iP.
236 scutellata W.
237 orientlis JV.
n.
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
entire-leaved
impoverished
smooth
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
* jn.au F
* jl
B
+ my
B
+
my jn B
* apjl B
apjl B
; ap.jl W
ap-jl B
cross-leaved ri. u_J or

naked-stalked Y. A or
Brook-lime
*s. A clt
long-leav.-wat.* A or
marsh
* A or
1
+
2
2
2
various-leaved St A or
238 Jacquini Schott.
Jacquins
A or 1
239 austriaca Jac.

240 multifida W.
241 Allinii W.
242 officinlis W.
Austrian
fine-cut
evel:
officinal
243 prostrta IV.

244 micrntha Hoff:
A
A
A
A
A
small-flowered Y. A or 11
245 latifolia W.
246 Te(icrium P. S.
247 crinita Kit.
broad-leaved SW A or 1
rugged-leaved sy. A or 2
long-bracted
A or 1
248 Chamae'drys W.
Germander
nettle-leaved
mountain
perfoliate
abiated
249 urticaeflia JV.

250 montna W.
251 perfoliata B. P.
252 labita B. P.
trailing
253 polymorpha W. en variable

254 vrna JV.
Sy A or
- L-J or 1
-* u_J or 1
St A or 1
255 digitta W.
256 triphyllos W.
digitated
fingered
257 hederifolia JV.
ivy-leaved
...
258 cymbalria Bertol. twining
_+
259 peregrina W.
knotgrass-leav.
260 filiformis W.
long-stalked -k
261 crista galli Stev.
cocks-comb
-k
262 praecox All.
earl
basil-leaved
wall
field
265 agrstis W.
41. GALIPEA. Aub.
266 trifolita W.
GAlipeA.
three-leaved
-x
...
W.
268 officinlis J/.
$269 vernicifolia W.
270 virginica W.
w
w
w
w
or 2
or
a
or +
or
*
or 3
or
*
w
w
*
F
B
L.B
La
L.B.
B
B
C).]
jl.au
jl.au
jn.jl
jlau
jl.au
ap.jl
jn.au
Eng bot 1028

Eng. bot 10:7
Eng bot. 484
Krock sil. 28. t.3
W. & K. 3. t. 245
Eng bot. 1075
Falkl. I.
Italy
Britain
Britain
Britain
1776.
775.
rivul.
mar.
mar.
rim
co
co
co
co
Bot. mag. 242

Seg. ver.l. t.3-fe
Eng. bot. 655
Eng. bot. 781
Eng. bot 782
Levant
1748. D co Bot. cab. 419
Austria
Austria
Siberia
S. Europe
1748.
1748.
1748.
1748.
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
co Jac. aust 4. t.329

co M. his 2. t.23.f.17
co Bot. mag. 1679
co All-ped.I.t-46.f.3
Britain bar. gr. D co Eng. bot 765

Germany 1774.
D co
Riv.mon.95
B
B
L.B
B
B
L.B.
B
Hungary 1822.
Britain m. pas.
Austria 1776.
Britain moi.w.
N.S.W. 1815.
N. Holl. 1802.
1817.
D
D co Eng. bot. 623
D co Jac. aust 1. t. 59
D co Eng. bot. 766
D r.m. Bot. mag. 1936
C. r.m. Bot. mag. 1660
D" co
ap.my B
jl
B
ap.my B
mr.jn B
aulmy W.
mr.jn W.
my
L.B
ap.my B
mr
B
ap.my L.B.
apjl B
mr.jl B
Britain san, fi.

S. Europe 1805.
Britain san. fi.
Britain clt. gr.
S. Europe 1821.
N. Europe 1680.
Levant
1780.
S
S
S.
D
S
S
S
s
co
s
co
co
co
co
Caucasus 1813.
S co
S. Europe 1775.
S. Europe 1788.
Britain old w.
Britain clt. gr.
S
S
S
S
Eng. bot. 25
Eng bot. 26
Eng. bot. 784
Fl. graec. t. 9
Fl. dan. 407
B. cen. 1. t.40. f. I
Linn. trans
co All auc.5.t.1.f. 1
co Pet T. f. p.1.t-23
co Eng bot. 734
co Eng. bot. 783
Guiana
1803. C p.1 Aublet 662. t.269
Primulaceae. Sp. 1-7.

1
au.s Li
Guiana
1781. C s-p Sch. bs. p.328 t-1
HEDGE-Hyssop.
Scrophularinae.
officinal
3. A m 1
my.au L.B
speedwell-lvd. ft. [Y] or * jn.s
B
Virginian
a or 1
all
Y
271 quadridentta Mich. four-toothed # Z\ or
co
co
co
co
s.p
co
sp
sp
my.jn W. Portugal 1822. D co Fl. port. t. 57

my.jn W.B Austria 1748. D co Sw, fl. gard. 23
in-au L.B. Germany 1596. D co Bot. cab. 425
Rutacae. Sp. 1.
S. D or 4
?...
G
42. SCHWEN/CRIA. W. Schwenckia.

267 americana W.
American
y:
*43 GRATI/OLA.
O
O
O
A
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
B
B
B
jn.au L.B
my n
1
jn au
+ myjl
* jn.au
4
apjl
1
my.jn
A w
A or 1
vernal
263 acinifolia W.
264 arvnsis W.
or
or
or
or
or
jn.au
my
my.jn
jl
jn.au
CLAss II.
Scotland Sc. alp. D

Scotland Sc. alp. D
Scotland Sc. alp. D
Silesia
1814. D
Hungary 1823. D.
Britain me.pa. D
........
1820. D
Hungary 1822. D
Sp.
5.
Europe 1568. D co
Fl. dan. 363
E. Indies 1798.
C co
Rh. mal.9. t. 58
Virginia
D co
1759.
* my...au W N. Amer. 1821. D co Lam, ill. t.16.f 2

Scrophularinae. Sp. 2.
t;4. SCHIZANTHUS. F. r. SchizANThts.

O or 2
272 pinntus F. per.
pinnate
273 porrigens Hook.
spreading stalk O or 2
jn.o
jn.o
W.P. Chili
W.P. Chili
S 1.p Hook. ex.fl. 73

S 1
Hook, ex. fl. 86
241

but they are now laid aside by regular practitioners: V. Beccabunga (latinised from bachbunge, its German
appellation: bach is a brook; beck, provincial English), is sometimes gathered with watercresses, with which
it is often found in limpid streams, and used as a spring salad. Almost all the species thrive in any soil or
situation; the tallest are ornamental border flowers; the dwarf spreading sorts are well adapted for rock-work,
edgings, or to be grown in pots. A few delight in peat soil, and some in moist situations; all are increased
by seed, subdividing at the root, or cuttings. V. decussata will endure the open air if protected from frost.
41. Galipca. A name framed by Aublet from the vernacular appellation of the plant in French Guiana,
where it is a native.
42. Schwenckia. John Theodore Schwenck was a professor of medicine at Jena ; died in 1671. There
was another Schwenck, a professor of botany to the garden at Leyden. The genus is, like the merits
of the professors, but little known.
One inconspicuous species is occasionally seen in our stoves.
'The
ORnER I.
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
17
225 Upper leaves obl. sub-serr. Stems erect a shrubby, Rac. many-fl. Caps. roundish ov.scarcely longer than calyx
226 Upper leaves obl. obov. sub-serr. Caps, ovate larger than calyx, Stems shrubby diffuse, Corymb. term. few-fl.
227 Leaves smth. ellip ov. ent or ser. Corymb term. somew, spiked, Cal. cil. Caps. ob. Stems tufted herb, simple
8 Leaves elliptic ovate obtuse entire
228 Peduncle axillary subracemose few-flow. Leaves obovate obtuse sub-serrated, Fl.-stalks and calyxes pilose
229 Leaves opp. oblong crenate with the calyxes smooth, Racemes elongated, Flowers distant, Stem ascending
230 Glandular hairy, Stem ascending, Leaves oblong acute sub-crenate, Raceme elongated
231 Leaves opp. ovate irregularly crenate, Stem ascending, Bractes scarcely longer than flower-stalks
Racemes lateral.
232 Racemes few-flowered, Leaves elliptical perennial entire, Stem shrubby
235 Radical leaves roundish and oblong, Stem naked very short, Flower-stalk like a scape about 3-flowered
234 Leaves elliptical obtuse on short stalks serrulate, Cal 4-parted, Stem procumbent below rooting
235 Leaves lanceolate serrate stem clasping, Cal. 4-parted, Stem erect
336 Leaves linear lanceol. nearly entire, Flow.-stalks pendulous or spreading, Cal. 4-parted, Stem nearly erect
237 Leaves lin. lanc. lower pectinate pinnatifid, upper entire, Cal leaves unequal subulate, Stems procumbent
238 Leaves sess pinnatifid and bipinnatifid, Lower bracte:3-fid longer than fl.-st. Cal 5-part. Stem nearly erect
239 Leavessess. lanceol. inciso serrate and pinnatifid, Bracte entire shorter than fl.-st. Cal 4-part. Stem feeble
240 Leaves bipinnatifid, Segm. lanceol and lin. Cal leaves unequal subulate, Stems procumh, woody at base
241 Leaves oblong roundish stiffshining, with the procumbent creeping stem smooth, Flowers in close spikes
242 Leaves obovate or roundish serrate, Cal. 4-parted, Stem rooting at the bottom
243 Leaves sessile oblong obtuse serrated: the upper lanceol. flat, 4 or 5-part. Flowering stem ascending
244 Stem erect hairy all over, Lvs. sub-sess oval coarsely and acutely cren. hairy, Cal 4-part larger than corolla
245 Leaves somewhat heart-shaped ovate sessile unequally obtusely serrate, Stem erect, Cal. 5-leaved
246 Lower leaves oblong coarsely serrated with the stem villous
247 Leaves sub-sessile ovate lanceolate unequally serrated, Cal. 5-parted, Segm. and bractea linear subulate
248 Lvs. cutserr the upp. cord ovate sess the low. ov. stalk. Cal. 4-part. Stem hairy in 2 rows, Rac. long. than stem
249 Leaves sessile cordate ovate acute serrate, Cal 4-parted, Stem erect
250 Leaves cord ovate obtuse coarsely serrated with the stem and stalks hairy, Cal 4-part. Rac. elong filiform
251 Racemes lateral stalked many-flow. Leaves entire very smooth ovate acuminate joined together at the base
252 Racemes very long, Leaves elongate lanceolate acuminate unequally serrate
253 Fl-stalks rather longer than bract.Lvs. lanc. wedge-shaped at base simply and doubly toothed,Stem prostrate
Flower-stalks one-flowered.
254 Flowers sub-sess. Leaves finger-parted, the upper undivided, Fl.-stalks shorter than the calyx, Stem erect
255 Flowers sessile, Leaves all finger-parted
256 Lower leaves entire: middle finger-parted: upper trifid, Fl-stalks longer than calyx, Stem erect spreading
257 Leaves as long as stalk cord rounded 5-lobed: the upper 3-lobed, Segm of cal. cord. acute, Stem procumbent
258 Leaves cord rounded with 5 or 9 but generally 7 teeth obtuse a little fleshy, Cal of fruit spread. Caps. hairy
259 Flowers sessile, Leaves oblong a little serrate longer than calyx, Stem erect
260 Leaves roundish cordate crenate, Flower-stalks very long, Calyx leaves lanceolate
261 Flower-stalks as long as the leaves, Calyx 2-leaved, Leaflets 2-lobed serrate
262 Low. Ivs. stalk. cord. ov.serr. floral nearly sess short than fl.-st. Caps. obov. emarg.turgid, Stem rather upr.
263 Flow. stalked, Low.lvs. stalked ov.serr. florals.-sess as long as fl.-st. Caps obcord comp. Stem nearly simple
264 Flow. nearly sess. Low. lvs. stalked cord ov. serr caul. cren. floral lanc. sess longer than stalk, Cal. unequal
265 Leaves stalked cord ovate serr. Cal leaves ovate, Stem procumb. Fl-stalks scarcely shorter than the leaves
266 Leaves alternate stalked, lanceolate entire
267 Stem slender simple, Leaves lanceolate, Cor thrice as long as calyx
268 Leaves lanceolate serrate somewhat 3-nerved, Flowers on stalks
269 Leaves oblong acutely serrated, Stem creeping, Flowers racemose.
[acuminate longer than the calyx
270 Leaves obovate lanc. narrowed below remotely toothed nerved smooth, Fl-stalk alternate very short, Caps.
271 Leaves lin.lanc with a few teeth, Fl-stalks as long as the leaves, Caps much shorter than the subulate calyx
272 Stalk of fruit on one side deflexed at base
273 Stalk of fruit spreading all ways straightish

n
dages to the corolla are very singular, and demand a better explanation of their nature than has yet been
offered.
43. Gratiola. From grtia, grace (of God). Matthiolus called it gratia Dei, in allusion to its effects.
G. officinalis is so bitter and obnoxious to cattle, that Haller assures us, there are mcadows about Yverdun
rendered entirely useless by its abundance. It is a powerful cathartic, and was long in use as such, but now
laid aside.
44. Schizanthus. So named by the authors of the Flora Peruviana, from ext{a, to cut, and *S*, a flower.
One of the most beautiful of herbaceous genera. Two species or rather varieties are now known, and ornament
the green-house with their elegant panicles of lilac and white flowers. They are difficult of cultivation, requir:
ing a very pure and moist atmosphere. They may be propagated by cuttings, but the best plants are raised
from
: which have not hitherto been obtained, g from flowers artificially impregnated.
18
DIAN DRIA MONOGYNIA.
45. ELYTRARIA. M. Elytnaria.

274 virgta M.
twiggy
275 crenta Wahl.
stemless
CLAss II.
* A or
if [A] or
Acanthaceae...Sp. 2-5.
1 jl
W
Carolina 1813. D s-p Mich.am. 1. t. 1
* jl
W.
E. Indies 1820. D sip Roxb. cor. t. 127
46. HYPOES'TES. R.Br. Hypoestes.

276 involucrta Roxb. involucred
-* D or
277 purprea W.
purple
y: [A] or
+47. JUSTICIA. W.
Justicia.
278 bicalyculta W.
Malabar
[O] or
Acanthaceae. Sp. 2-10.

1* jLau W. E. Indies 1811. C p.l
2 myjn P
China
1822. Cpl Ru.am 6.22.2
Acanthaceae. Sp. 28137.
3 au
Li
E. Indies 1755. S. s." Retz. st. 1775. t. 9
Justicia acaulis Roxb.
279 Ecblium W.
280 coccinea W.
long-spiked
scarlet
281 quadrifida H. K.
282 nigricans Lour.
twiggy
black-striped
glossy
small-bracted
painted
panicled
side-flowering
-* D'or 3 mrau
-n D or 5 f
* D or 3 mrs
a u-J or 6 mr.s.,
283 nitida JV.
+, D or 4 mrs
284 bracteolta Jacq.
-* D or 6 il.au
285 picta W.
* D or 8 jl.au
286 paniculta Pahl.
rt. D or 1* jlau
287 sectinda Wahl.
-n D or 3 jn.jl
288 ciliaris W.
ciliated
[C] or 1 jlau
289 lcida Wahl.
shining-leaved-n D or 3 jLau
290 Gendarssa W.
willow-leaved -* D or 3
291 carthaginnsis. W. Caribaean
* D or
11 jn.jl
292 pedunculsa Mich. N. American
A or 1* jlau
293 procambens W.
rocumbent
[A] or
* jl.au
294 comta JV.
lsam herb if [A] or 2 jl.au
295 eustachina W.
Eustachian
in D or 3 aus
296 nasta JV.
white-flowerg. -n D m 2 fo
297 pectorlis W.
Garden-balsami: AJ m 3 my.jn
298 periplocifolia W.
*riploca-leav. r. D or 11 jn
299 furcta Va.
orked
-* D or 5 apau
S
W.R.
W.
P
Cr
Pk
R
W
Sc
Li
Pu
Li
Pk
O
W.
P
P
300 lithospermifolia W gromwell-leav.-D or 3
apau P
301 caracsana Jacq.

302 adhtoda W.
my.jn
myjl
my.jl
mr.au
au
violet
Malabar-nut
betony-leaved
Snap-tree
broom-leaved
303 betnica Va.
304 hyssopifolia W.
305 orchioides W.
* D or 5
Y CD or 10
in CD or 3
-* L J or 2
in u_j or 2
V
P
W
Y
E. Indies 1759.
S. Amer. 1770.
Mexico 1795.
China
1819.
W. Indies 1790
Caraccas 1823.
E. Indies 1780.
E. Indies 1811.
W. Indies 1793.
W. Indies 1780.
W. Indies 1795.
E. Indies 1800.
Carthag. 1792.
N. Amer. 1759.
E. Indies 1798.
Jamaica 1795.
St. Eustac.1799.
E. Indies 1790.
W. Indies 1787.
S. Amer. 1799.
Peru
1795.
Peru
1796.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C
C.
C.
S
C.
S.
C.
C.
C.
C.
L.
R.
C
C.
L.
C.
C.
C
Caraccas
Ceylon
E. Indies
Canaries
C. p.1
C sl.
S. p.1
C. pl.
Cpl.
Jac. pl. r. 2. t.206

Bot mag. 861
Rheedez. t. 21
Mill.ic.9. t. 13
Vent mal. 51
S. s.l.
Pluk. t. 270. f. 6
C.B.S.
1822.
1699.
1737.
1690.
1774.

or 2 jl
R
S. Amer. 1733.
or 3 jl
Vera Cruz 1802.
308 resupinta W.
resupinate
[O] or
1: jl
W.P. S. Amer. 1805.
309 pectinta Vahl.
small-flowered + D or 1* jn.jl B
E. Indies 1798.
310 retsa Wahl.
blunt
y: [A] or 2 mrap P
W. Indies 1821.
+49 ERANTHEMUM. B. P. ERANTHEMUM.
Acanthaceae. Sp. 3-14
311 spinsum B. P.
thorny
-n CD or
jl.au
W. Indies 1733.
312 pulchllum B. R.
nervose
-n D or 2 ja.o
B
E. Indies 1796.
313 bicolor B. M.
two-coloured in D or
mv.au W.R. Luconia 1802.
50. WULFE*NIA. W. WulfeNiA.
Scrophularinae. Sp. 1.
314 carinthiaca W.
annual
Ork 1: jlau B
Carinthia 1817.
+51. CALCEOLA"RIA. W. SLIPPERwont.
Scrophularinae.
7-55.
315 pinnta IV.
wing-leaved
LO! or 2 jls
Y
eru
1773.
316 scabiosaefolia R. & S. scabious-leav.
uOJ or 2 myo Y
Chili
1822.
317 rugsa Fl. per
rugose
-n - or 2 au.s Y
Chili
1822.
318 integrifolia L.
entire-leaved -* or 2 au.s Y
Chili
1822.
48. DiCLIPTERA.
p.1 Bot mag. 1847

p.1 Bot mag. 433
p.1 Par. lon. 50
p.1
pil Bot rep. 570
p.1 Jacq. ic. t. 205
p. Bot. mag. 1870
p.1 Rheed.mal.9.t-56
p.1 Bot mag. 2060
s.l. Jacq. vin. 2. t. 104
p.1 Bot mag. 1014
pl. Bot, reg. 635
sp. Bot reg. 797
sp.1 Bot. mag. 2367
s.p Plk. al. t. 56. f. 3
s.p Sl.jm.1. t. 103.f3
sp Bot. reg.309
p. Bot mag. 325
sp. Bot reg. 796
s.p Jac. col. s.t.T. f*
pl. Bot mag. 430
p.l Jac. schon. 1. t.4
Diclipter A.
306 hexangulris W.
307 scorpioides L.
chickw.-leaved
scorpion-like -n
C. p.1 R. Houst. p.S. t. 1

S p.1 Cav. ic. 3. t. 20s
C. p.l Rox.cor. 2. t. 153
C
Bot, cab. 724
C s-p Jc. am. 2. t. 2. f.1

C s-p Bot. rep. 88
C. s.p Bot. mag. 1423
S co Jacq. ic. 1. t. 2
*:
S s-p Bot mag. 41

C. co Bot, mag. 2405
C co Hooker fl. ex: 99
C co
Bot. reg. 744

45. Elytraria. From *xvreer, an envelope, its stem being covered with sheaths or scaly envelopes. Little her.
baceous plants of no ornament.
46. Hypoestes, wrote 3"; is an interior garment: it is probable that the involucrum suggested the a plication
of the name. The plants have the habit of Justicia, from which they have been separated, and are chiefly tro
pical weeds.
47. Justicia. In honor of James Justice, F.R.S., an eminent Scotch cultivator, author of the Scotch Gar
dener's Director, published in 1784. J. pectoralis has the smell of new
combined with a refreshing
faroma.
In Domingo and Martinico the inhabitants make a syrup of it, w 1Ch the use against disorders
of the breast. The bruised leaves are good in wounds, whence the English appellation balsam, and the
French name herbe a charpentire. J., nasuta is said to possess extraordinary aphrodisiacal powers, and
milk boiled in the roots is much employed on that account by Indian physicians. Rubbed with lime.
juice, the roots are used to cure ring-worms. Most of the species are free flowerers, some as J. lucida
'
__
"--
-"
-------
ORDER I.
- - - - - - - ----*-
- -- -
-----------------
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
19
274 Flowering scales ovate villous at edge, Leaves lanceolate smooth entire, Scapes very long, Caps obtuse
275 Stemless, Flowering scales ovate entire, of the scape lanceolate naked at the edge, Leaves oblong crenate
276 Racemes axillary erect shorter than the leaves which are lanceolate toothed and with the stem hairy
277 Spikes axillary and terminal, Bracteas lanceolate smooth, Branches pubescent
Calyx double.
278 Panicles axillary dichotomous

Calyx simple, Flowers labiate.
279 Spikes terminal 4-sided imbricated, Bracteas oval, Leaves oblong ovate acuminate, Helmet linear
280 Spikes terminal, Bracteas and leaves elliptical, Helmet lanceol reflexed at the end, Stigma of two plates
281 Leaves linear lanceolate, Flowers nearly solitary sessile tubular 4-cleft
282 Spikes terminal 2-ranked, Bractes setaceous, Leaves linear lanceolate
283 Racemes term. somewhat branched, Cal. whorled smooth, Leaves lanc. elliptic, sharpat both ends stalked
284 Racemes term comp. Pedunc. 3 or 4-flowered, Bracy lanc, Leaves oblong pointed, Branches square rough
285 Racemes axillary and terminal, Flowers inflated at the throat whorled, Leaves elliptical variegated
286 Stems 4-sided brachiate, Leaves sub-sess. lanc. Flowers 1-sided erect, Lip linear revolute, Flowers downy
287 Racemes terminal compound 1-sided many-flowered, Bract setaceous,
ves ovate oblong. acuminate
288 Flowers axillary solitary sessile opposite, Calyx hispid, Leaves lanceolate obtuse ciliated at the base
289 Spikes terminal in heads, Leaves elliptic nerved blistered shining, Upper lip of corolla lanceolate
290 Spikes terminal leafy, Flowers whorled, Leaves elongated
291 Spikes axillary and terminal, Bractes oblong imbricate ciliate obtuse
292 Spikes axillary, Flowers close, Flower-stalks elongated alternate, Leaves lanceolate
293 Spikes lateral and terminal, Calyx 4-leaved linear hairy, Lower lip ovate, Leaves oblong
294 Spikes axillary and terminal filiform, Spikelets whorled
295 Spikes axillary and terminal, Flowers in below single above, Bractes wedge-shaped
296 Upper lip of corolla subulate, Flower-stalks axillary dichotomous, Leaves elliptical entire
297 Panicle terminal dichotomous, Flowers spiked distant
298 Upper lip emarg.reflexed, Flowers axillary solitary sub-sess opposite: term. in spikes, Lvs. ovate lanceolate
299 Lower lip3-lob. Flow.axillary solitary and spiked, Lvs. ovate oblong narr at each end, with stem pubescent
300 Lower lip 3-lobed, Flowers axillary sessile whorled, Bractes linear lanceolate, Leaves lanceolate.
Calyx simple, Flowers ringent.
301 Spikes axillary and term. Flowers opposite, Bract. shorter than cal. Stem. and branc. round 6-streak. Leaves
302 Spikes axillary opposite, Bractes ovate acute nerved
ovate accuminate wavy-stalked
303 Spikes terminal, Bract. ovate acuminate netted with veins, Leaves lanceolate ovate stalked
304 Leaves lanceolate entire obtuse, Peduncles axillary 3-flowered 2-edged, Bractes shorter than the calyx
305 Peduncles solitary axillary one-flowered, Leaves lanceolate acute at each end sessile
306 Umbels axillary 3-flowered, Bractes 2 wedge-shaped, Leaves ovate, Flowers in loose spikes
307 Spikes axillary and terminal recurved, Leaves lanc. ovate hairy sessile, Bractes 2, Flowers in loose spikes
308 Flowers axillary rather whorled, Bractes 2-valved subcordate, Leaves ovate
309 Spikes axillary and term. 1-sided villous, Dorsal bractes lanc. 2-ranked with a membran. margin at the base
310 Spikes terminal, Bractes obovate retuse imbricated smooth, Leaves ovate acuminate
311 Flower-stalks about 1-flowered, Leaves oblong, Spines axillary
312 Spikes axillary and terminal imbricat', Bractes oblong veiny, Leaves ovate acuminate
313 Leaves ovate acuminate repand, Corolla with a long tube white with a purple stain
314 Stemless, Leaves radical very smooth coarsely crenate, Flowers on one side
315
316
317
318
Leaves all pinnate: pinnae toothed, of the lower leaves pinnatifid

Lower leaves pinnate: superior pinnatifid 3-lobed and simple
Leaves lanceolate very rugose with spreading teeth, Flowers terminal dichotomous
Leaves lanceolate toothed rugose, Flowers terminal dichotomous
are shewy; others are the commonest weeds of the tropics; all are readily propagated by cuttings in heat
under a glass.
--
48. Dicliptera, 21, double, and xxuz, to shut. The fruit being compounded of two valves. This genus has
been formed like Hypoestes out of the Linnaean Justicia, with which it agrees in habit.
49. Eranthemum. A name applied by the ancients to their Anthemis, from #2;, spring, and ev.9 or, a flower.
The word has been applied to the present genus with no apparent reason. The species are very pretty orna
ments of the stove.
50. Wulfenia. Named after F.X. Wulfen, a German botanist, and author of a work on the plants of Carin
thia.
51.
small and very beautiful herbaceous plant.

calceolus, a slipper, in allusion to the shape of the corolla.
&:
C. pinnata may be raised
from seed in a hot-bed in spring, and transplanted to the borders with other tender annuals. The regions of
Chili and Peru abound in many splendid species, some of which have lately been introduced to this country.
C 2
- -
20
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
319 corymbsa Cav.
corymbose
O] or
CN or
f -a or
Class II.
1
1
myjn Y
Chili
1822. S. co Bot.
. 723
320 parlia Cav.
sea-side
myjn Y
Chili
1822. S. co Hook.fl.ex. 75?
321 Fothergillii W.
Fothergill's
* my...au O.
Falkl. i. 1777. D 1.p Bot mag. 348
52. PINGUI/CULA. W. Butterwort.
Lentibularie. Sp. 6-15.
322 lusitnica W.
pale
* A cu
* jn.jl
Li
Britain bogs D m.s Eng.: bot. 145
323 vulgris W.
common
* A ec
| my
V
Britain bogs D mis Eng bot 70
324 alpina W.
alpine
A cu
* ap
W
Germany 1794. D lp Fl. dan 453
325 grandiflra W.
large-flowered y A el
* apmy B
Britain ir. bog. D mis Eng-bot. 2184
326 ltea M.
yellow
ICl el
* jn.jl Y
Carolina 1816. S p.l Bot reg. 126
327 edntula Hook.
toothless
* A. el
ap
Y
N. Amer. 1823. D s-p Hook, ex. fl. 16
53. UTRICULARIA. W. Hooped Milfoil.
Lentibulariae. Sp. 3-63.
328 vulgris W.
Common
* A cu
* jn.jl Y
Britain sta.wa. D aq. Eng bot. 253
329 minor py.
lesser
* A cu
i jl
Y
Britain
bogs D aq. Eng.: bot. 25
330 intermdia P. S.
intermediate *s. A cu
* myjn Y
Britain
bogs D aq. Eng bot. 2
54. STACHYTARPHETA. Wahl. BAstARD Vervaix.
Werbenaceae. Sp. 7-13.
331 indica Wahl.
Indian
[C] or 2 aus W
Ceylon
1732. S :
332 jamaicnsis Wahl. Jamaica
[C] or 2 jns
B
W. Indies 1714. C [. Bot. mag. 1860
333 orbica Wahl.
Orubian
UC) or 3 jn.au V
Panama 1699. C lip Ehr. pict. t-5. f. 1
334 mutabilis Wahl.
chang.-flower. * D or 3 mr.s O
S. Amer. 1801. C p.1 Bot mag. 976
335 prismtica Pahl.
Germand.leav. [O] or 2 myjn B
W. Indies 1699. C. p.l Jac.ic. 2. t. 208
336 cayennnsis Rich. Cayenne
* [I] or 3 my.jn B
Cayenne 1822. C. p.l
337 hirsutissima Lk.
hairy
y: [A] or 11 mr.ap B
Brazil
182. D. p.l
55, LYCO/PUS. W. Water Honehound.
Labiatar.
4-6.
338 europaeus W.
common
* A ro 3 jl.au W.
Britain riv.ba. D m.s Eng. bot. 1105
3.39 exalttus W.
tall
A ro 6 jl.au W
Italy
1739. D. m.s Fl. graec. 1. t. 12
340 virginicus W.
Virginian
A ro 3 aus W.p Virginia 1760. D. m.s
341 intermdius Sch.
intermediate
a ro 3 jl.au W
Europe 1820. D. m.s
56. AMETHYSTEA
342 caerlea JW.
W.
A.Methvstea.
blue-flowering
57. ZIZIPH/ORA. W. ZiziphonA.
343 capitta W.
oval-leaved
344 hispnica W.
Spanish
345 tentior W.
346 acinoides W.
347 serpyllcea B. M.
348 mdia Lk.
349 dasyntha W. en
ear-leaved
thyme-leaved if
sweet-scented in
intermediate -n
hairyflowering-m
Pouschkini B. M.
350 tarica W en.
58. CUNILA. P. S.
351 marina Ph.
Taurian
CUNilA.
mint-leaved
352 capitta P. S.
headed
59. HEDEOMA. P. S.
Hedeowa.
353 pulegioides Ph.

354 thymoides P. S.
+*60. MONARDA. W.
$355 fistulsa Ph.
$356 mdia W. en.
357 mollis Ph.
pennyroy.-lvd.
thyme-leaved
Labiatae.
*: 1.
O pr1; jn.jl
Labiatae.
Siberia
* jl.au
* jn
R
* jn.jl
Li
jl.au R
* jlau R
1 jn.au R
* jn.au R
O or
* jls
Labiatae.
A or
a or
1
1
jls
jl.au
Labiatae.
O or
O or
MonARda.
hollow-stalked Y a or
purple-bracted St A or
soft
a or
* jn.au
*
Labiatae.
3
2
2
1759. S p.1 Bot. mag. 2448
Sp. 8-12.
O or
O or
O or
A rk
Ark
a rk
Ark
Syria
Spain
Levant
1752. S co Fl. graec. 1. t. 13
Siberia
1786.
1759.
S. co
Lam ill. t. 18. f.1
1752. S. co
Lam. ill. t. 18. f.2
D. s.l
Caucasus 1803. C. s.l. Bot. mag. 906

Caucasus 1822.
C co
Siberia
1803. C co
R
Tauria
Sp. 2-5.
1816. S co
N. Amer. 1759. D co Mor. h.3. t. 19. f.7

Siberia
1799. D co Mem. petr.2.t.11
Sp. 2-3.
N. Amer. 1777.
R
France
1699.
Sp. 13-16.
jn.au
jn.s
P
jn.s
Li
Bot. mag. 1093
co
S co Mor. h. 3. t. 19.f6
N. Amer. 1656. Dr.m Mill.lc. t. 183 f2

N. Amer. 1656.
Dr.m
N. Amer. 1656. Dr.m
S30
)
" \ # W
-

C. corymbosa and paralia, are exceedingly beautiful herbaceous plants of difficult increase. The shrubby and
branching herbaceous kinds are easily propagated by cuttings.
52. Pinguicula. From pinguis, fat, on account of the greasiness of its leaves. In P. vulgaris, the structure of
the stigma, and its close application to the stamens is very remarkable. Linnaeus says, that the warm milk of
the rein-deer poured on the fresh leaves, and set aside for a day or two, becomes acescent; acquires consistence
and tenacity, and neither the whey nor the cream scparate. In this state it is considered a very grateful food
in Sweden and Norway. On cows' milk it acts like common rennet. The plant eaten by sheep has been sup
posed to produce the liver-rot; but a flat apterous insect, the fasciola hepatica or fluke, found adhering to
stones and plants in boggy grounds, as well as in the liver and biliary ducts of sheep affected by the rot, is a more
likely cause, and the more especially as no animal whatever will feed on the plant. The species (except
P. grandiflora)
dry
northern
are cultivated with difficulty in artificial shaded morass. P. grandiflora will thrive well on a
of bog-mould among North American shrubs.
53. Utricularia. From utricula, a little bottle, from the small inflated appendages to the root. The species
are scarcely su
tible of cultivation: they are very numerous in hot countries, and there form the most ele
gant ornaments of rivulets and pools of water. The flowers are fugacious, and so delicate as not to be capable
of preservation as dried specimens, in which state their naturally beautiful colors of purple, pink, violet, or
yellow, all change to a dead and uniform black.
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
ORDER I.
21
319 Leaves radical ovate and cordate stalked twice-crenate, Cauline cordate half embracing the stem
320 Leaves unequally toothed; the radical cuneate; upper oblong connate with the Capsules tomentose
321 Leaves spatulate entire hairy above, Flower-stalks like a scape 1-flowered
322 Nectarium conical thick at the end, obtuse shorter than the flowers, Scape villous, Capsules globose
p",
323 Nectarium subulate nearly straight as long as the

Upper lip 3-lobed: lower 3-parted, Scape smooth
324 Nectarium conical recurved shorter than the petals
[dilated
325 Nectarium subulate straight as long as the flower, Upper lip spreading emarg. very large: lower 3-lobed throat
326 Nectarium subulate recurved shorter than the campan flower, Throat bearded, Lips toothed, Scape villous
327 Nectarium subulate recurved shorter than the campan. cor. 5-lobed: lobesemarg. entire, Palate prominent,
[Scape pubescent
328 Nectarium conical, U
lip entire equal to the palate, Leaves very finely divided
3: Nectarium carinate, Upper lip emarg; equal to the palate, Lys, dichotomously 3-part. Cor with throat open
330 Nectarium conical, Upper lip entire twice as long as the palate, Leaves dichotomously 3-parted
331 Leaves lanceol. obl. narrower at the base remotely toothed with stem very smooth, Bract. lin. lanceolate
332 Leaves oblong ovate tooth-serrated smooth, Branches hairy, Bractes ovate shorter than calyx
333 Leaves ovate serrate rough rugose, Stem shrubby, Bractes ovate larger than the calyx
334 Leaves serrate ovate rugose with the stem hoary, Bractes lanceolate shorter than the calyx
335 Leaves ovate obtuse serrate, Spikes lax, Bractes subulate shorter than the calyx
336 Leaves ovate crenate serrate smooth very obtuse
337 Leaves ovate acutely crenate with the stem very hairy, Spike very long, Bract appressd smaller than the cal.
338
339
340
341
Leaves ovate lanceolate villous sinuate serrate

Leaves pinnatifid hairy, Lobes oblong somewhat toothed
Leaves lanceolate: the lower pinnatifid at the base: the upper remotely serrated, Stem smooth
Leaves pubescent ovate pinnatifid, Segments lanceolate: lowest the shortest, deeply cut at the end
342 Leaves opposite stalked 3-parted coarsely serrated smooth

343 Bractes ovate acumin. ciliate, Leaves elliptic lanceolate
344 Flowers in spiked racemes, Bractes obovate nerved acute, Leaves ovate
345 Flowers lateral, Leaves lanceolate
346 Leaves lanceolate naked nerved of one shape entire hoary, Flowers in spikes
347 Heads term. oval, Leaves ovate sub-serrate: those of the flowers nearly of the same shape entire ciliated
348 Leaves ovate acuminate nearly entire nerved, Flowers in heads, Calyx hairy pubescent at base
349 Whorls terminal and axillary close hispid, Leaves ovate sub-ciliate, Stems procumbent hairy
350 Flowers lateral, Leaves lanceolate entire ciliated, Cor with an inflated throat twice as long as calyx
351 Leaves ovatc serrate sessile, Flowers axillary and terminal, Stems erect
352 Leaves ovate acuminate, Flowers in heads, Stem decumbent
353 Pubescent, Leaves oblong serrated, Flowers axillary whorled, Lower lip of calyx with 2 ciliated bristles
354 Leaves oval entire, Flowers whorled, Stem square
355 Leaves obl lanc. cord pubesc, remotely and closely ser. Flowers in heads, Involucr. purple stem swollen
356 Leaves ovate oblong cordate pubesc. coarsely serrated, Flowers in heads, Involucr. purple, Stem fistular
357 Leaves obl. cord pub. remotely serrate: upper entire, Flow. in heads, Invol. pale, Upper lip of cor, bearded
">
&*/
*
-Ti al
*
-
* "N.
f
a spike, and rae?ues, dense. The name would be better changed, as it has been by
sed of Verbena, L. S. mutabilis is a beautiful species, and
nearly always in flower. All of them strike readily in heat under glass. .
55. Lycopus. From Auxer, a wolf, and wer, a foot, on 'ccount of a fancied resemblance between the cut leaves
and a wolf's foot. Le Marrube aquatique, Fr. Der Wolfsfuss, Ger., and Licopo, Ital. L. europaeus is com
mon in most parts of Europe in meadows, but is not eaten by cattle. It dyes black, and gives a permanent color
to linen, wool, and silk.
hithering says, gypsies stain their skin with it. According to Adamson, it has two
barren filaments; and Pollich remarks, that there are sometimes 8:
o
1:#
-
#. is
flowers in a whorl.
56 Amethystea. From aus Svses, the amethyst, alluding to the color of the flower. A pretty annual, not very
'"#"&mdog uncertain.
This genus, and the two following, consist of little herbaceous plants
resembling thyme: they are generally pretty, and easily cultivated. It would, perhaps, have been better to
unite, with some writers, Ziziphora, Cunila, and Hedeoma, in
58, 'Cunila. A Roman name applied by Linnaeus to this genus.
e plants of Pliny bore some resemblance to
-
those which compose the Linnaean Cunila. (See No.5%). The leaves of C. mariana are used in decoction for colds.
Hedeoma. *
name for mint. (See No. 57). ... .
##
*:ofGreek
Monardez, a physician of Seville in the 16th century.
-
Most of the species
22
DLANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
358 oblongta Ph.

359 clinopdia Ph.
360 purprea Ph.
long-leaved
Y. A or
wild-basil-leav. Sy A or
crimson
A or
tall
A or
white
A or
pub, flowered sy. A or
Oswego tea
y A or
361 altis'sima W.
362 rugsa Ph.

363 kalmina Ph.
364 didyma W.
#
ciliata Ph.
366 hirsuta Ph.
367 punctata Ph.
61. ROSMARI/NUS. W.
368 officinlis W.
A variegta
blue flowered
A or 1
hairy
spotted
A or 1
A or 2
JP.
.*
.*
Chile
+62. SALVIA. W.
370 pomifera W.
371 calycina Sm.
or 4
or 4
SAGE. "
apple-bearing +
or
large calyxed -*
or
canary
-* u_J or
gold.-flowered in u_j or
tooth-leaved -r, u_J or
372 canarinsis W.
373 aurea hy.
374 dentta Jy.
375 interrpta Va.

376 pilntha Lk.
ash-leaved
4
3
*
lanceolate
hirsute
381 angustifolia Ca.
narrow-leaved
azure-flowered
lue Peruvian
O or
O or
u^J or
A or
[A] or
LA, or
-* u_J or
386 chamaedryoides Wa germander
-r, u_j or
387 caesia W. en.
grey
-* L-J or
388 hispnica W.
Spanish
O or
380 serotina W.
late-flowering a u_J or
390 dominica ly
Dominica
[A] or
391 tiliaeflia hy.
lime-leaved
LA or
S92 polystchya IV.
many-spiked
LA or
39.3 micrntha Wahl
small-flowered u^\! or
394 formsa W.
shining-leaved in u_j or
395 coccinea Jy.
scarlet-flower'd-nu-J or
396 pulchlla Dec.
retty
uMJ or
397 amarissima H. K.
itter
Lal or
398 glutinsa W.
lutinous
A or
399 lineatiflia Lag.
ime-leaved -* L-J or
401 crtica
Bot. Cab. 1396
il
Chile
W.
"All
As
7/2
-N-
N. Amer. 1821. D r.l

N. Amer. 1761. D r1
P
R
N. Amer. 1813. D. p.l Pursh. fl. am til

N. Amer. 1752. Dr.l Bot mag. 546
B
P
N. Amer. 1798.
Dr.l
Pluk. alt-164. f.3
*
Pa
1795.
C. s.l
1699.
1823.
1697.
1731.
1774.
1798.
C.
C
C
C
C.
C.
1823.
C co
# 95-170.
Candia
Levant
Canaries
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
Barbary
......
Levant
Siberia
Pk
P
Y
B
B
p.1
co
1-p
p.1
p.1
s.l
Fl. grac. 1. t. 15
Tr. pl. rar. 2. t. 19
Bot mag. 182
Schousb. 6. t. 1
1731. C s.l.
1795. C co
Boerh. 1. t. 167
Bot mag. 1429
1813. S co
1801. S co
Jac. ecl. 2. t. 13
Jac. sch. 3. t. 252
Peru
1806.
1806.
1797.
1821.
C
C
C
C
Cav. ic. t. 317

Bot. mag. 1728
Jac.ic. 2. t. 209
Jac. ecl. 1. t. 47
Pr.B
Mexico
Mexico
S. Amer.
Spain
1724.
1795.
1813.
1739.
C. p.1 Cav. ic. 1. t. 26

C. p.1 Bot, mag. 808
C. p.1
D. p.1 Bot, reg. 350
Ohio
1803.
C. s.l.
W.
B.c
P
B
my.s B
my.jn B
jn.jl
B
2
11
2
11
1*
*
4
3
1
4
2
my.jl
jn.s
jn.s
jn.au
au
jl
jn.au
o.d
my.jn
apo
ap.o
W. Indies 1759. C. s.p Sw, ob.18 t. 1 f.1

S. Amer. 1793. C
Jac. sch. 3. t. 254
Mexico 1822. C co Jac. sch. 3. t. 318
B
S
S
Peru
1783. C. p.1 Bot mag. 376
S. Amer. 1774. C. p.1 Murr. 1778. t. 1
o.f
S. Amer.
2
3
3
jl.au
jn.s
B
Y
B
Mexico 1803. C s-p Bot reg. 347

Germany 1796. C co Mor.h.3. t. 13.f.18
Mexico 1823. C co
jn.jl
jn.au
jn.au
ap.jn
jl.au
jn.jl
W
V
V
V
B
Ric
Crete
1770.
1760.
S. co
C co
Jac. vind. 2. t. 108

Riv. mon. t. 128
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
S. Europe
1758.
1731.
1758.
1597.
C.
C
C
C
Mill.ic. t.325. f.1

Com. hort.e. t. 91
Mill.ic, t.325. f. 2
Ger herb.623.f.1
au
jn au P.R.
mr.ap B
O or
+
Cretan
..fr
or *
panicled
-n u_J or 6
African
-* L-J or 2
colored calyx -re u J or 6
garden
..ir
cul 2
403 africana W.
404 colorta IV.
405 officinalis h".
-
N. Amer. 1789. Dr.l
Egyptian
402 paniculta W.
P
Li
1
1
2
6
3
2
Mexican
400 a gyptiaca. W.
D r.l
D r.1
jn.s
ap.n
dja
ap.s
jlau
jl
au
or 4
-ir
379 lanceolta W en
380 hirsata W en.
384 boosiana Jacq.
N. Amer, 1761.
N. Amer. 1771.
jl
hairy-flowered in
or 2
winged-leaved
O) or 1
Siberian
.*
or 1*
Samaena B. R. 446.
S85 mexicana W.
P
P.w
Labiatar.
2
jl.au
1
jlau
377 pinnta Vahl.

378 hablitzina W.
382 azrea Ph.

383 psc(ido-coccinea W. pale scarlet
CLAss 11.
jlis
jl
jm.au
jnau
jls
jn.au
jn.au
jls
N. Amer. 1798. Dr.l
jno
Br
N. Amer. 1714. S. s.p Bot reg. 87
Labiatar. Sp. 2.
or 4
ja.ap P
S. Europe 1548. C co Fl. graec. 1. t. 14
RoseMARY.
Common
variegated
369 chilnsis
2
2
3
4
1
4
3
*
* *>
S
B
B
.....Mexico
Carolina
S. Amer.
co
co
sp
co
Jac.ic, rar. 1. t.3
Cuba
Egypt
1823.
1821.
C co
C co
p.1
p.1
sp
co
*S*\%:\%2f"
%:*2 : )
2% 2\, Z:
- d
"-
-->
-
\"
-->
"
are aromatic, and resemble mint in their habits and mode of culture. The leaves of M. didyma are sometimes
used as tea in North America; its flowers are of a very brilliant scarlet.
61. Rosmarinus. Two Latin words signifying dew of the sea. The shrub grows in the southern parts of
Europe in the vicinity of the sea. R. officinalis yields, by distillation, a light pale essential oil of great fra
grance, which is imparted to rectified spirit.
It was formerly recommended for strengthening the nervous sys
tem, headaches, &c. as well as to strengthen the memory. Hence the allusion of the poet, there's rosemary,
that's, for remembrance. Rue in former times signified grace; and rosemary, repentance. Rosemary was
considered as an emblem of fidelity in lovers; it was worn at weddings and funera s, and on the latter occa
sions is still in some parts of Wales distributed among the company, who throw the sprigs in the grave along
with the corpse. It is the principal ingredient in Hungary water, and is drunk as tea for headaches, and by
nervous persons. It prefers a lean dry soil, or rubbish of old buildings; and when it has established itself on a
wall, will resist the greatest cold of our winters. Its introduction is beyond record, and was probably by the
monks in the dark ages.
62. Salvia. From salvere, to save, on account of its supposed healing qualities. This large and very natural
ORDER I.
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
28
358 Leaves oblong lanceolate rounded and narrowed at the base villous flat, Cor. dotted
359 Leaves ovate lanc. rounded and unequal at the base pubesc, remotely serr. Flowers in heads, Bractes pale
360 Smooth, Heads large leafy, Calyx colour bearded, Cor. long smooth, ov. obl. coarsely serr. Stemsmooth
361 Leaves ovate acuminate rounded at base and equal hairy coarsely serrated, Flowers in heads, Bractes pale
362 Leaves ovate lanceolate cordate smooth rugose
bright crimson
363 Leaves obl pointed stalked ovate, Flowers in heads, Bract small acute, Stem square pilose, Flowers very long
364 Leaves ovate acum. sub-cordate closely serrated smoothish, Flowers in headed whorls, Involucres purple
365 Leaves ovate attenuated, Stems and whorls hairy, Bractes ovate as long as the calyx
366 Very hairy all over, Flowers small in whorls, Leaves ovate acuminate serrate on long stalks, Stem square
367 Leaves lanceolate remotely serrated smooth, Flowers in whorls, Bractes pale
368 Leaves sessile
360 Leaves on stalks
Calyx 3-lobed, enlarged.

370 Leaves ovate lanceolate rugose crenulate undulate, Calyx blunt longer than ovate bracte
371 Leaves ovate crenate flat hoary netted with veins, Calyx 3-lobed dilated retuse with little lips
372 Leaves triangular hastate oblong crenated obtuse
373 Hoary, Lower leaves roundish truncate at base smooth: upper oblong entire, Calyx of fruit large
374 Leaves linear oblong serrate, Whorls 2-flowered, Calyx obtuse
375 Leaves interruptedly pinnate, Stem shrubby erect
376 Leaves pinnate in 2 or 3 pairs, Leaflets sess. lanceol. obtuse crenulate rugose, hoary beneath, Bract. cordate
377 Hairy viscid, Leaves interruptedly pinnate, Leaflets oblong eroded unequal sided, Calyx inflated
378 Leaves pinnate entire, Leaflets lanceolate nearly equal: upper generally in pairs
Calyx 3-toothed, sub-cylindrical.
379 Leaves lanc. obt, remotely serrate stalked beneath pub. Spike racemose winged, whorls 2-fl. Bract.lanceolate
380 All hairy, Leaves oblong ovate crenate, Flowers in spiked whorls, Bractes roundish acute
381 Leaves lanceolate: the lower serrated outwards, with the stem hoary, Lower lip very broad, Calyx acute
382 Leaves linear lanceolate the lower serrated outwards with the stem smooth, Segments of calyx rounded
383 Leaves ovate acute serrated villous on each side, Stem hairy
384 Leaves obl. ov. rugose serr smooth dotted, Flowers in spiked whorls on oneside, Bract decid. Helmet hairy
385 Lvs. somew. rhom. ov. acum.serr. at base and apex quite ent beneath dev. above hoary, Bract decid hoarv
386 Leaves ovate crenate rugulose hoary, Calyx with stellate hairs, Stem decumbent
387 Leaves ov. acum. serr. beneath hoary, Spikes term. Lower whorls remote, Bract decid. shorter than calyx
Leaves ovate serrate, Leaf stalks a point on each side, Spikes imbricate, "Bract. ovate ciliated narrowed
Leaves sub-cordate obtuse unequally bluntly serrated, Calyx viscid villous as long as corolfa
Leaves cordate obtuse rugose crenated hoary beneath, Calyx villous viscid as long as corolla
Leaves cordate rugose crenate equally serrate acute, Calyx smoothish
Leaves ov. serr. glaucous beneath, Racemes comp. Flowers on one side, Leaf stalks with 2 glands at base
393 Leaves cordate crenate blistered ' at edge obtuse smooth, Bractes ovate shorter than calyx
394 Leaves cordate crenate, Flowers axillary whorled, Stem shrubby
395 Leaves cordate acute tomentose serrate, Corolla twice as long and narrower than the calyx
388
389
390
391
392
396 Leaves cord acute smoothish cren: the uppersess whorls 6-10 fl Helmet hairy entire the length of stamens
397 Leaves cordate crenate: stalks with 2 calli, Stem and calyx clammy with hair, Bractes ovate ciliated
398 Villous viscid, Leaves cordate arrow-headed coarsely serrated acuminated, Helmet entire
399 Leaves cord. ovate acuminate lucid serrat, downy beneath, Spikes numerous axillary and term. very dense
Calyx 5-toothed, generally 3-2.
400 Leaves linear lanceolate toothed rugose, Bract. ovate mucronate
401 Leaves linear lanceolate, Flowers nearly digynous, Cal 2-leaved
402 Leaves obovate wedge-shaped toothletted
403 Lower leaves spatulate serrate truncated at base toothed: upper oblong nearly entire, Cal. hairy
404 Leaves obl. nearly entire hoary, Cal. hairy: of the fruit enlarged veiny with a membranous coloured limb
405 Leaves lanceolate ovate crenulate, Whorls few-flowered, Cal. mucronate longer than bractes
genus consists of herbs or under-shrubs, the leaves of which have generally a rugose appearance, the smell aro.
matic, and the flowers commonly in spikes, two or three together from a bracte or leaf They are all of easy
culture, and some of them are ornamental as greenhouse plants or border flowers: The Horminum, Salvia, and
Sclarea of Tournefort are included in this genus. The Sclarea or clary is derived from *****, stiff, and Hormi
num from #4a, quod ad venerem stimulat . Of S. officinalis there are many varieties, differing in the size,
form, and color of the leaves. It was formerly in great repute in medicine as: sudorific, aromatic, astringent,
and Antiseptic. The Chinese use it as a tonic for debility of the stomach, and strengthening the nervous sys:
tem, and prefer it for these purposes to their own tea. . It is, however, discarded from our pharmacopeiae, but
still used by self-practitioners and herb doctors. In cookery it is used for sauces and stuffings for luscious meats,
S. grandiflora is preferred for making tea, S. pomifera produces protuberances as big as oak galls, occasioned
like them, by the puncture of an inscct. In the isle of Crete, S. officinalis has the same sort of excrescences, and
they carry
market there
under the
name of sage-apples.
S. verbenaca
is a native of all the four con
tinents,
andthem
verytoaromatic.
A mucilage
is produced
from its seeds,
which, put under the eyelids for a few
moments, envelopes any sand or dust there, and brings it out; and hence the name of officinalis christi, clear
C 4
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
24
406 Spielmnni W. en
407 splndens Ker.
408 phlomoides ly.
* A or 2
Spielman's
splendid
y: A or
A or
a or
A or
411 rugsa iy.
wrinkle-leaved in u_j or
412 verticillta. W.
whorl-flower'd y a or
413 indica Jy.
Indian
A or
414 Tenrii Spr.
Tenore's
a or
415 verbasciflia Bieb, mullein-leaved:YA or
416 odorta W en.
sweet-scented a u_j or
417 compressa Wahl.
compressed
A or
418 mollis Donn.
soft
ZX or
419 grandiflra W.
great-flowered Y ZN or
420 crassiflia Desf.
thick-leaved
A or
421 pratnsis W.
meadow
a or
422 variegta W en
variegated
Y A or
423 haematdes W.
bloody-veined
ZN or
24 viscsa W.
clammy
A or
425 disrmas W.
long-spiked
A or
409 urticifolia JV.
410 bullta W en.
426 nutans
W.
427 betonicaefolia W.
mullein-like
nettle-leaved
blistered
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
jn.jl B
S. Europe 1813. C. s.l. Scop. del 3. t. 15
oja Sc
Mexico 182. C. s.l. Bot reg. 687
my.jn I: a Spain
1805. C co. R. pl. h. Lt.-1.f.1
jnjl
jlau
jlau
jnn
my.jl
my.jn
my.jn
jl
my.jn
jn.jl
B
R
W
B
B
B
Y
W
W
R
N. Amer. 1799. C. p.1 Mor.h.3.t-13.f.31
jn.s
L.B.
S. Europe 1616. D co Jacq. ecl. 4. t.36
2
4
2
2
13
2
jn.jl
my.n
jn.au
jlau
myjn
jl
V
P
P
C
W
Y A or 3
betony-leaved Y. A or 3
noddin
428 amplexicaulis W. en stem-clasping
CLAss II.
Portugal 1804.
C. G.
1775,
Iberia
1823.
Bagdad
East
Siberia
1822.
D co
1823
D co Jacq. ecl. 4. t. 37
S.
jn.au V.
jn.au V
1804
dr.pa
1814.
1699,
1773,
1773.
1780.
D
D
D
C
D
C
Russia
1804.
C co
D co
#.
#!
D co
England
Hungary
Italy
Italy
Syria
Russia
''
#
D co
1804. C. s.l
a or 1* jls
B
Levant
1813,
429 austriaca W.
Austrian
SY A or 1
jn.jl
I.Y Austria 1776.
430 syriaca W.
Syrian
* J or 11 ji
W
Levant
759.
431 nobia Jy.
Nubian
ua or 2
jn.jl
B
Africa
1784.
432 virgta W
long-branched sy. A or 4
jln
W
Armenia 1758.
433 campstris W. en field
a or 2
B
Tauria
1813.
434 sylvstris W.
spotted-stalk'd Y A or 2
jno
B
Germany 1759
435 memorsa W.
spear-leaved
a or 3
jn.s
B
Germany 1728.
436 ptula W. en.
reading
CD or 3
my.jl Pk
Portugal 1805.
437 tingitna W.
*u-J or 3
jl
W
Barbary 1796.
438 Sclrea W.
common Clary Y O cul 4
il.s
L.B Italy
1562.
439 spinsa W.
thorny-calyx
IC) or 1
W.
Egypt
1789.
440 aethiopis W.
woolly
Od or 3
my.jn W.
Austria 1570.
441 argntea W.
silvery
Y A or 3
my.jl W.
Crete
1759.
442 applanta W.
flattened
O) or
jnji W
Crete
1821.
443 Horminum J.W.
annual clary
Q cul, I jn.jl
S. Europe 1596.
a violcea
purple-topped
O cul
jn.jl P
...
Brbra
red-topped
O cul In jn.jl R
...
444 viridis JW.
green-topped
O or 1* ji.au Pk
Italy
1759.
445 truncta W en.
truncated
C or it jLau Pk
S. Europe 1800.
446 pyramidlis Pet
pyramidal
a or 6
my.jn
Naples
1823.
447 verbenca W.
wild-clary
A w 2
jno V
Britain
Pas.
448 oblongta Vahl.
oblongate
O or 1* jn.o B
......
820.
449 triloba W.
three-lobed
in O or 2
jn.jl
R
S. Europe 1596.
450 lyrta W.
lyre-leaved
A or 1
jn.jl
L.B. N. Amer. 1728.
451 abyssinica W.
Abyssinian
la or 11
P
Africa
1775.
452 nilotica Jy.
Nile
O or 1
n.au B
Egypt
1780.
453 Forskohlii W.
Forskhl's
A or 1* jn.au Bk
Levant
1800.
454 napifolia W.
rape-leaved
Z\ or 2
jn.jl
D.P Italy
1776.
455 aurita JV.
eared-leaved a J or 2
my.jn
C. G. H. 1795.
456 bicolor Jy.
two-coloured
A or 2
jn.jl V.w Barbary 1793.
457 Barreliri Ettl.
Barreliers
a or 3
ap.my B
Spain
1821.
458 laciniata JV.
torn
A or 2
ap.my B
.....
1822.
459 runcinta W.
rough-leaved a u_j or 2
ap.s B
C. G. H. 1774.
460 polymrpha Lk.
various
O) or 1
my.jl B
Portugal 1821.
461 clandestina W.
cut-leaved
CD or 13 ap.jl B
Italy
739.
462 ceratophylla W.
horn-leaved # CD or 13 jl.au V
Persia
1609.
463 ceratophylloides W branchy
O) or
jn.au V
Egypt
1771.
464 bracteta JV.
long-bracted SY. A or 3
jn.jl
P
Russia
1821.
63 COLLINSONIA. W. Collixsoxia.
Labiatae, Sp. 5-6.
465 canadnsis W.
nettle-leaved
A or 3
au.o L.B. N. Amer. 1735.
A cordta
cordate
A or 3
au.o I.B. N. Amer. ...
2 ovta
ovate
A or 3
au.o L.B. N. Amer. ...
466 scabrifiscula W.
rough-stalked
tal or 2
ils
R
E. Florida 1776.
D co
C co
Germany 1658. D. s.l. Barr. ic. 199

India
1731. D co Bot mag. 395
Italy
1821. D co Sw.fl. gard. t. 26
D
C.
C.
D
co
co
co
p.l
co
co
co
co
p.1
co
Eng bot. 153

Mor.h.3.t.14.f.15
Jac. ic. l. t. 5
Ard spec. 1. t. 1
Bot mag. 24:
Jac. aust. 2. t. 112
Bauh. prod.t. 114
Murray. 1778. t.3
Jac. schon.l. t.37
D co
D co Jac. aus. 3. t. 212

D co
C. s.1
C s.l Riv.mon. t. 62
S. s.l Fl. graec. 1. t. 25
C. s.l
Jac, ic. l. t. 7
C. s.l Jac. aus. 3. t.211

D. s.1 Fl. graec. 1. t. 27
D co
S co
Fl. graec. 1. t. 20
S co
S co
S
S
D
R
D
C
C
S
C
C
co
co
co
co
co
co
co
s-p
Lp
co
Fl. graec. 1. t. 19
Eng. bot. 154
Jacq. ecl. 2. t. 14
Fl. graec. 1. t. 17
Mor. 3. t. 13. f. 27
Jac. ic. l. t. 6
Jac. vind. 3. t. 92
Bot. mag. 988
D co
Jac.vind. 2. t. 152
C. p.1
D co Bot mag. 1774
D co Ten, fl. nap. t. 2
D co
C p.1 Jac. schn. 1. t.8

D co Barr, ic. 220
S. co F1. gr. 1. p.18.t.24
C. s.l.
Plk. al. t. 194. f.5
C. s.l. Ard spec. 2. t. 2

D co Bot. mag. 2320
D. p.1 Hort. cliff. t. 5
D. p.l
D. p.l
D. p.1
413
History, use, Propagation, Culture,

eye or clary. The flowers of S. glutinosa are used in Holland to give a flavor to the Rhenish wines. S. Sclarea
has a very strong scent, and was formerly used in medicine. A wine is made from the herb or flower, boiled
with sugar, which has a flavor not unlike Frontignac. S. indica is a magnificent species, but rather tender in
ORDER I.
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
25
406 Leaves radical obl. sub-cord. bluntly tooth.: cauline tooth cren. Whorls 6-fl. Fl. horizon. a sing fl.-st. term.
407 Leaves stalked ovate lanceolate flat smooth beneath, Corolla and coloured calyx downy, Style exserted
408 Leaves lanceolate nearly entire with the stem woolly clammy
409 Villous viscid, Leaves ovate oblong toothed running down the stalk
410 Leaves cordate oblong crenated toothed eroded, Stem twiggy, Whorls remote, Helmet linear
411 Leaves cordate oblong lanceolate eroded crenated rugose hairy, Stamens shorter than corolla
412 Leaves cordate crenate toothed, Whorls nearly naked, Style lying on the lip of the corolla
413 Leaves cordate rather lobed at the side: the upper sessile, Whorls nearly naked very distant
414 Leaves sub-cordate oblong crenate naked on each side, Helmet pilose
415 Leaves cord. ovate doubly serr rugose woolly, Upper whorls sess. Bract cord, mucronate shorter than calyx
416 Leaves hoary on each siderep and uneq tooth.: low.cord. upp. ov. Fl. in panic. Style twice as long as helmet
417 Rather woolly, Leaves toothed: radical cordate-oblong, Bract roundish cordate unarmed: the uppersessile
418 Leaves cordate ovate acute rugose doubly crenate smooth above pubescent beneath, Branches in bundles
419 Leaves cordate oblong crenate, Whorls many-flowered, Cal. acute shorter than the bracte
420 Stem woolly, Leaves cord. crenulate hoary beneath, Upper whorls dense sessile, Upper lip of cor abbreviate
421 Lvs. cord. obl. cren. or cut: the upper stem clasping: ract.
cal. Helm. visc. long. than li
4.22 Lvs. cord. obl. rugose tooth cren.: cauline stalked, Spikes twiggy, Bract. short. than cal. Hairs of cal.
423 Leaves cordate ovate rugose tomentose, Cal. hispid, Root tuberous
424 Villous viscid, Leaves cordate oblong rugose acutish crenulate, Bract. cordate roundish acuminate
425 Leaves cordate oblong eroded, Leaf-stalks edged, Stam. as
as corolla
426 Leaves obl. cordate, Stem simple without leaves, Racemes in flowers
427 Leaves cord. lanc. uneq. cren. Stem 4-corn. Rac. comp. term. nearly naked cernuous, Bract. coloured ciliate
428 Leaves cord lanc. * stem embracing uneq. cren. Bract. cord. acum. shorter than the calyx, Flowers spiked
''
F'
429 Leaves cordate oblong eroded sinuated, Stem nearly without leaves, Whorls very hairy, Stam. very long
430 Leaves cordate toothed lower repand, Bract. short acute, Cal. tomentose
431 Leaves oblong sub-cordate unequal-sided rugose crenated with a little auricle at the base
432 Leaves oblong cordate rugose crenated, Hairs of the calyx and stem glandular at the end
433 Leaves cord. obl. doubly cren. somewhat repand hairy, Rac. twiggy, Bract. shorter than cal. Fl.-sts. toment.
434 Leaves cord ru
biserr. Bract. coloured pointed shorter than the flower, Hairs of stem and calyx simple
435 Leaves cordate lanceolate equally serrate, Bract. the length of calyx, Lower lip of corolla reflexed
436 Clammy, Radical leaves cordate toothed sinuated: cauline sessile oblong, Bract as long as calyx
437 Leaves cordate oblong eroded toothed very rugose, Bract cordate mucronate ciliated, Cal. spiny
438 Leaves rugose cordate obl. serrate villous, Bract. coloured longer than calyx
439 Leaves oblong repand, Cal. spiny, Bract.cordate mucronate concave
440 Leaves oblong eroded with the whorls woolly, Bract recurved somewhat spiny
4.41 Leaves oblong toothed angular woolly, Upper whorls sterile, Bract. concave
442 Lvs. sub-cord. obl. obtuse with spread.
clammy with hairs, Bract. cord. entire equal to spiny cal.
443 Leaves obtuse crenated, Upper bract sterile large and coloured
444 Lvs. obt, obl. equal. cren. stalk.: those next the fl. stem-embrac. the low. whorls dist. Cal. of the fruit reflex.
445 Leaves obl. obt, cren. stalk. Floral stem-emb, whorls 2 approxim. the term.onehaving 6 fl. Cal.offruit reflexed
446 Lvs. cord. acum. plait. erod. cren. ben. white with hairs, Bract. col. cord. acutelong. than cal. Sp. term. conic.
447 Leaves serrate sinuated smoothish, Corolla shorter than calyx
448 Leaves lanceolate oblong obtuse smooth, coarsely equally bluntly serrated, Cor. narrower than cal.
449 Tomentose, Lvs. stalked rugose sub 3-lobed: the intermediate lobe longer and obl.: the lateral obt. ovate
450 Radical leaves lyrate toothed, Helmet very short, Stem with very few leaves hairy downwards
451 Lower leaves lyrate: upper cordate, Flowers whorled, Cal. mucronate ciliated
452 Leaves sinuate angular crenate toothed, Cal. teeth spiny with the angles and edge of the orifice ciliated
453 Leaves lyrate auricled, Stem nearly without leaves, Helmet bifid
454 Lvs. cord. with spread. teeth: the low. hastat. and lyr. Whorls nearly naked, Up, lip of cor. short.cord. edged
455 Willous, Leaves ovate toothed auricled, Flowers in spiked whorls
456 Radic. Ivs. cord. palm. or ent of the stem arrow-head. lanc. uneq tooth. Bract reflex. short. than nodd. cal.
457 Leaves hastate lanceolate unequally serrated, Stem leafy erect
458 Leaves pinnatifid rugose: Segm. lin. unequal crenated obt. Whorls many-fl. Bract. roundish cordate acute
459 Scabrous, Leaves pinnatifid backwards toothed, Flowers in spiked whorls
460 Lower lvs. stalked sinuated pinnatifid rugose smoothish: the upper sessile cord. Bract. short than flowers
461
462
463
464
Leaves serrated pinnatifid very rugose smooth, Spike obtuse, Cor.twice as long as calyx
Leaves very rugose woolly: the radical bipinnatifid cauline pinnatifid, Upper whorls sterile
Leaves pinnatifid rugose stalked, Whorls all fertile and very hairy
Leaves pinnated hairy, Segments of calyx subulate, Bract leafy longer than cal. Whorls many-flowered
465 Leaves ovate and stem smooth
466 Leaves sub-cordate a little hairy, Stem roughish
severe winters. S. formosa and S. splendens are very ornamental. All the species thrive in light soil, some
what rich, and are readily propagated by seeds, cuttings, and dividing the roots.
63. Collinsonia. In honor of Peter Collinson, F.R.S., a most distinguished promoter of botany, and a cor
26
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Class II.
oval-leaved
Y. A or 2 au
Y
Carolina 1812.
* A or 2 au
Y
Carolina 1806.
anise-scented Sy A or 3 o
Y
Carolina 1806.
+64. CATAL'PA. Juss. CAtAlpA.
Bignoniaceae. Sp. 2.
470 syringiflia H. K. common
or 20 jn.au W
. Amer. 1726.
471 longissima H. K. wave-leaved
D or 20
W. Indies 1777.
*65. GH1NIA. W.
Guixia.
$472 spinsa W.
thorny-fruited [C] cu 2 au
Pl
W. Indies 1733.
*66, FONTANE'SIA. J.W. FoxtANEsia.
Jasminear. Sp. 1-2.
473 phillyraeoides W. phillyrea-leav. * - or 12 au
Y
Syria
1787.
467 ovalis Ph.
468 tubersa Ph.
tuberous
469 anisata B. M.
tn. LINOCIE/RA.
B.P. LiNoctea A.
Caribean
*
D or
A.Ncist RUM.
hairy
y:
pinnatifid
if
creeping
*
ascending
y:
Burnet-leaved to
480 l (icidum Wahl.
shining
y:
481 argnteum Fl. per silky
y:
$482 laevigatum H. K. smooth
y:
u.al cu
u/\l cu
a cu
a cu
a cu
La cu
A cu
474 compcta B. P.
*68. ANC1/STRUM. I.
475 latebrsum Wahl.
476 pinnatifidum Flper.
477 ovaliflium Wahl,
478 adscndens Wahl.
479 sanguisrbae Wahl.
Oleinae.
Sp. 1-7.
V
W.
Indies 1793.
Sanguisorbee. Sp. 8-15.
1
ap.jn G
C. G. H. 1774.
my-jn G
Chile
1822.
1
my.jn G
Peru
1802.
1
myjn G
Magellan 1829.
1 jn
G
N. Zeal. 1796.
my.jn G
Falkland I.1777.
2 my.jn G
Chile
1822.
A cu
jn.au G
P. S.
European
or 30
manna
or 30
many-flowered Yu J or 30
74. CLAD1UM. Schr Cladiuvi.

495 germnicum
prickly-sedge M. A w
496 perpnsa W.
S. s.l
Bnks.r. hous t-2
C. s.l.
Lab. syr. 1. t. 1
C lisp Jac. col. 2. t-6 fl

C
D
D
D
D
D
D
lips
1.p.s
1.p.s
lps
lps
lps
lps
Flper. 1. t. 104
Lam, ill. t. 12. f. 1
Lim. ill.l. t.2e. fs
Fl. per 1. t. 103
Floweri No Ash.
483 europaea P. S.
75, GUNNERA.
S p.1 Bot mag. 1094

L. s.p Plum. ic. t. 57
Magellan 1790. D 1.p.s
Oleinae. Sp. 3.
my.jn W
Italy
1810.
484 rotundiflia P. S.
ap
W
Italy
1697.
485 floribnda Wall
W
Nepal
1822.
70. MORINA. J.W. Monix A.
Dipsaceae. Sp. 1.
486 persica W.
Persian
y: LaJ or 3 jl.au R.w Persia
1740.
71. CIRCAEA. W. E.Nch ANTER's Nightshade.
Onagrariae. Sp. 3.
487 lutetiana W.
connnnon
Sy A or 1 jn.au R
Britain sha. pl.
488 intermedia
intermediate y A or
* jn.au R
Euro
1821.
489 alpina W.
mountain
A or
3 jn.s
R
Britain moun.
72. FE DIA. D. C.
FEdiA.
Palerianeae. Sp. 1-2.
490 cornucpiae D. C. red
O or 1 jn.jl
R
S. Europe 1796.
+73. PIMELEA. B. P. PiMELEA.
Sp. 4-39.
491 linifolia B. P.
flax-leaved
*u-J or 2
..au
W
N. S. W. 1793.
492 rsea B. P.
rose-coloured a u_J or 2 mr.s Pk N. Holl. 1800.
493 drupcea Br.
fleshy-fruited a u_j or 2 my
W . N. Holl. 1817.
494 pauciflra B. P.
few-flowered a u_J or 3 my
W
V. Di. L. 1812.
69. O'RNUS.
D. p.1
R. p.1
D p.1 Bot. mag. 1213
W.
GUNNERA.
Connon
if u_j cu
G co
G co
Fl. graec. 1. t-4

Willd. bm. t.2.f.1
G co
C s-p Fl. graec. 1. t. 28

D co
Eng bot 1056
D co
Fl. dan. t. 256
D co
Eng, bot. 1057
S co
F1 graec. t.32
C
C.
C
C
Bot
Bot
Bot
Bot.
T:
Cyperaceae. Sp. 1-14.

jl.au Ap Britain
Urticeae. Sp. 13.
1: jlau P
C. G. H.
sp
s.p
sp
1.p
mag. 891
mag. 1458
cab. 540
cab. 179
mar. D. m.s Eng. bot. 950

1688. D. m.s. Bot. mag. 376

respondent of Linnaeus: he died in 1768. Horse-weed, Amer. The species are American plants of easy
cultivation.
64. Catalpa. The Indian name. Die Trompetenblume, Ger., C. syringifolia, H.K. is the Bignonia catalpa, L.;
a low-spreading, rather singular looking tree, with succulent shoots easily injured by winds or severe frosts. It
requires a sheltered situation and plenty of room. The leaves are large and come out late; the flowers are
white, shewy, and are succeeded by long pods, but they seldom appear in this climate. One of the oldest catalpas
in England is in Gray's Inn gardens, said to have been planted there by Lord Bacon. C. longissima is an ele
gant upright tree, known in the West Indies by the name of French oak, and the French call it chne-noir.
65. Ghinia. In honor of an Italian botanist, named Ghini, who founded several botanic gardens.
66. Fontanesia. So named by Billardire, in honor of M. Desfontaines, the excellent professor of botany at
It is rather a tender shrub, requiring shelter in severe weather. It grows in com
mon garden soil, and is increased by layers or by cuttings in sand under a hand-glass.
67. Linociera. Named after Geoffroi Linocier, a French physician. A tropical genus of shrubby plants, pro
pagated by cuttings, and of little beauty in a cultivated state.
the Jardin du roi at Paris.
68. Ancistrum. From 2,2'-ee, a hook. Its calyx is terminated by little hooks. These are small herbaceous
plants with pretty foliage, but no beauty in their flowers.
They are only cultivated as objects of curiosity, and
are seldom seen.
69. Ornus. In Greek, *, from 26%, a mountain. The tree grows on mountains. La Frenc fleurs, Fr.
Die Blhende Esche, Ger., and Frassino florido, Ital. O. europaea, P.S. is the Fraxinus ornus, L. O. rotun
difolia, or the manna ash, abounds in the skirts of the mountains in Calabria. From the middle of June to the
end of Julv the manna gatherers make an incision across the bole of the tree, which they deepen the second
day, inserting a maple leaf, so as to form a sort of cup to receive time gum as it distils from the incision. Some.
times bits of reed or twigs are applied, on which the manna oozes out, and drying with the sun, forms tubular
ORDER I.
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
27
467 Leaves oblong acute at both ends, Stem smooth, Cal. teeth very short, Flowers terminal naked
468 Leaves sub-rhomboidal ovate, Cal. teeth bristly longer than the tube, janicle leafy, Stem much branched
469 Leaves ovate cordate rugose, Flowers tetrandrous
470 Leaves cordate flat
471 Leaves oblong undulated

472 Fruit with 4 spines, Leaves smooth
473 Leaves ovate-oblong pointed at each end, Flowers racemose
474 Racemes compound and decompound, Flowers sessile in threes, Petals subulate
475 Leaflets oblong cut, Flower-stalks like scapes, Spikes elongated prickly, Stems half under ground
476 Leaves linear-lanceol. sub-pinnatifid hairy beneath, Spikes
# Stem erect
477 Leaves oblong and a little wedge-shaped serrated silky beneath, Spikes globose, Stems creeping
478 Leaflets oblong and obovate serrated smoothish, Spikes round, Stem decumbent
479 Leaves remote, Leaflets wedge-shaped serrated silky beneath, Spikes globose, Stem decumbent
480 Leaves 3-5-parted, Segments linear-villous beneath, Spikes oblong, Stem half under ground
481 Leaflets ovate-oblong serrated silky beneath, Spikes globose, Stem creeping
482 Leaflets oval crenate and cut smooth above hoary beneath, Spike terminal cylindrical, Stem decumbent
483 Leaves lanceolate attenuated stalked serrated
484 Leaves roundish acute doubly serrated nearly sessile

485 Leaflets oblong tapering acuminate acutely and unequally serrated, Male flowers with a corolla
486 A plant like the Acanthus.
Flowers in whorls
487 Stem pubescent erect, Leaves ovate acute denticulate sub-pubescent

488 Stem erect simple nearly smooth, Leaves cordate with spreading teeth acuminate
489 Stem much branched erect smooth, Leaves cordate smooth shining
490 Upper leaves toothed and angular, Flowers in heads
491 Invol.4-lvd. leafl. broad ov. smth. on both sides much short. than the head, Lvs. lin.-stalk. 1-nerv. Cor. silk
492 Invol. 4-lvd. leafl. lanceol. ovate acute smooth on both sides, Leaves lanceol. lin. Cor. hairy on its lower #
493 Leaves oval-obl. flat pubesc, beneath, Floral lvs. longer than the head, Cor. cylind. deciduous, Fruit berried
494 Lvs. smooth on both sides lin. lanc. twice as narr. as the floral lvs. longer than the few-fl. head, Cor. smooth
495 Culm round, Corymbs dense, Panicle contracted, Flowers in bunches
496 Leaves uniform toothed shorter than the scape in seed, Scape and leafstalks smooth
|A
ieces called manna in Cannali, which being reckoned more pure, sells higher by one-third than the manna in
azzeti, Manna is a concrete mucilaginous juice, mild, and slightly nauseous. It seems to have no relation to
that which nourished the Hebrews in the desert, being, as Rozier observes (Dict. dAgr.), much more likely to
have purged than nourished them. The Fraxinus virgata, P.S. also affords manna, but from no other species
of ornus can it be procured. The Ornus floribunda has lately been discovered in Nepal, where it is called
kanga and tahasee.
70 Morina. In memory of Lewis Morin, a French botanist, and son of Peter Morin, a florist celebrated in
-
the 17th century. This plant is of very rare occurrence. It is not unlike the common acanthus, but more
beautiful.
Propagated by seeds.
71 circaea. Poetically named after the enchantress Circe. The genus grows in damp shady places where
shrubs fit for incantations may be supposed to be found. The Greeks had a plant named circaea. All the species
are easily cultivated, and are curious on account of their singular flowers. C. lutetiana has been found in Nepal.
72. Fedia. A name of Adamson's, which, like many others of the same author, has probably no meaning. The
genus has been very properly distinguished from Valeriana by Decandolle, as well as from Valerianella, with
which it has recently been again confounded. A weed-like annual is the only species yet in our gardens.
73. Pimelea. From rasan, fat; but if so, it should be written Pimelaea. A real and extensive genus of
ants, natives of the southern hemisphere. Many of the species are from N. Holland, and are chiefly known
[:74.theCladium.
brief descriptions of Mr. R. Brown.
From xxx?or, a branch or twig.
A tall sedge-like plant, referred by Linnaeus and his school to

Schoenus. C. germanicum is the only European species; it is the Schoenus mariscus of English botany. The
others are chiefly from N. Holland.

75. Gunnera. After Ernest Gunner, bishop of Norway, of which country he published a Flora. A singular plant,
-
cultivated merely as an object of curiosity. It likes a moist peat soil, and the temperature of a cool greenhouse.
28
DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
CLAss II.
DIGYNLt.
76. ANTHOXANTHUM. W. SPRING-GRAss.

Gramineae. Sp. 36.
4:17 odortum JV.
sweet-scented in A ag 1 my
Ap Britain me pa. S. h.l Eng. bot. 647
498amrum
Brot.
499 ovtum Lag.
bitter
ovate
All A cu
Ali O cu
l
1
jl
jl
Ap
Ap
Morocco 1810. S co
Spain
1821. S co
TRIGYNLA.
*77. P1PER. W.
$500 coriceum Wahl
501 nitidum W.
502 aduncum W.
Piperaceae. Sp. 44-250.
Pepper.
leathery
* T cu 4
shining-leaved-ra D cu 3
hooked
-* = cu 5
503 mcrophyllum W broad-leaved -* ID cu

504 genicultum W.
swollen-joint'd-a T cu
505 hispidum W.
hairy-leaved -n D cu
506 Amalgo W.
rough-leaved a DJ cu
507 Btle W.
betle
* D clt
508 nigrum W.
black
2-D cit
$509 discolor W.
discoloured -* T cu
510 reticultum W.
netted
-n D cu
511 decumnum W.
the great
-* Il cu
512 Siriba W.
Siriboa
513 lngum P. S.
514 pelttum W.
long
peltated
515umbellatum W.
..in
= cu
12
2
6
6
6
4
6
6
6
*
clt 6
-n D cu 2
umbelled
-* O cu 3
laurel-leaved in O cu 10
downy
*
cu 14
516 laurifolium Mill.

517 tomentsum Mill
518 glabrum Mill.
519 racemsum Mill.
great racemoses I cu 10
520 brachyphyllum W.
521 amplexicule W.,
52.2 magnoliaefolium/a.
523 obtusifolium W.
short-leaved
stem-clasping
magnolia-lvd.
obtuse-leaved
smooth
r
#
*
*
524 cuneifolium W.en. wedge-leaved a

y:
Y:
527 distchyon P. S.
two-rowed
a
525 altum P. S.
winged
526 acumintum W. en acuminate
528 maculsum JV.
529 pellcidum W.
spot-stalked
pellucid
= cu
r.m Slo.jam.88. f. 1
r.m
r.m
r.m Slo.hist-1.t.87.f.1
r.m Rheede.7. t. 15
r.m Lam. ill. 79. t. 23
r.m. Bot. cab. 610
r.m. Plumier. 57. tT5
r.m. Jacq. ic. 2. t. 215
r.m Rumph. 5. t. 117
r.m Rump.5.t-116.fe
r.m. Plumier. 56 t. 74
lip Plumier. 53.t-73
r.m
r.m.
r.m.
r.m
C.
C.
C.
C.
r.m
r.m
r.m. Jac.ic. 2. t. 213
r.m Tr. ehrt. 54. t. 96
C.
C.
C.
C.
r.m
r.m.
r.m.
r.m.
Jac.ic. P. t. 214
Bot mag. 1882
Plumier. 51. t. 67
Plumier 60 t. 66
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C
r.m
r.m
r.m.
r.m.
r.m.
r.m
r.m
r.m
rm
Plumier. 54. t. 72
1
1
1,
11
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Caraccas 1809.
S. Amer. 1812.
W. Indies 1812.
S. Amer. 1793.
St. Domin.1790.
1
14
1
*
aps
jlo
jn.jl
jn.au
jl.o
myjn
my..n
myjn
jn.jl
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
S. Amer.
S. Amer.
W. Indies
S. Amer.
Jamaica
S. Amer.
Caraccas
......
Jamaica
jn.jl
Ap
1
1
1
1
3
jl.au Ap
my.jl Ap
Ap
f
Ap
mrap Ap
y: A cu
cu
#:
Xjcu
Y: Z\jcu
villous
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C
C.
C.
C.
C.
ZNicu
Nicu
7& cu
Ticu
red-stemmed
many-spiked
535 blndum W.
1748. C. r.m. Jac. ic. 2. t-210
W. Indies 1800.
Jamaica 1823.
Jamaica 1793.
Jamaica 1759.
E. Indies 1804.
E., Indies 1790.
W. Indies 1821.
W. Indies 1748.
Carthag. 1768.
E. Indies 1768.
E., Indies 1788.
W. Indies 1748.
W. Indies 1748.
W. Indies 1768.
W. Indies 1768.
Campeac. 1768.
Campeac. 1768.
S. Amer.
W. Indies
W. Indies
W. Indies
four-leaved
three-leaved
533 pulchllum W.
small-leaved
534 pereskiaeflium W. cactus-leaved
Ap
Ap
jl
Ap
jLau Ap
Ap
Ap
jlau Ap
au
Ap
Ap
Ap
jn
Ap
Ap
my.jl Ap
Ap
my.jn Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
538 quadrifolium W
ow
Jamaica
...
...
i
1 in.s
1: ja.mr
1 ap.jl
536 rubricale Nees,

537 polystchion W
ubescent
E. Indies 1815. C. r.m Bot cab. 128

Jamaica 1793. C. r.m
Ap
= cu
ZNicu
Ijcu.
Ijcu.
y:
y:
to
to
y:
y:
Y.
to
530 pubscens H. S.
531 homile J'ahl.
532 trifolium P. S.
10
myjn Ap
myjn Ap
my
Alcu
Z\l cu
Nicu
Nicu
Z\l cu
Zwicu
539 inaequaliflium
unequal-leav'dy: A] or
540 stelltum P. S.
starry
y: Z\l cu
$541 incnum Haw.
great-downy to A cu
542 subrotndum Haw sm. clusia-lvd. We A] cu
$543 rubllum Haw.
red
A] c
1
+
*
jn.jl
mr.ap
jn.jl
jn.jl
1818.
1793.
1793.
1739.
1748.
1809.
1768.
1802.
1778.
1820.
1802.
1822.
1775.
C. r.m Fl. per 31. t. 48
Plumier. 52. t. G8
Bot. cab. 574
Hook. ex. f. 67
Hook. ex. f. 21
Hor. phys, br. t.8
Hook. ex: fl. 23
S. Amer. 1818. C. r.m Hook, ex. fl. 2

Peru
1800. C. r.m Fl. per 1. t. 46 a
Jamaica 1802. C. r.m Jac. vind. 2. t.217
Brazil
1815. C. r.m. Bot. cab. 503
......
1812.
C. r.m
W. Indies 1820. C. r.m Hook. cx, fl. 59

76. Anthoranthum. From ar:9 or, a flower, and 32,625, yellow, the spikes being yellow. This grass has the valves
of the calyx sprinkled over with minute yellow dots, similar to those of black-currant berries; hence, possibly,
its peculiar scent. It is this grass which gives the peculiar smell to meadow-hay; that made from ray-grass or
other sown-grasses having no such odour. It is one of the earliest flowering grasses, grows on any soil, but pre
fers one moderately dry. Stillingfleet recommends its being sown with a view to improve the flavor of mutton.
But its seeds are collected with so much difficulty that they are too costly to be sown in any great quantity.
77. Piper. Undoubtedly from pippul, the Bengalese name of the long-pepper, notwithstanding the learned
derivations of authors from zirro, ririe, to digest. The plants of this genus are mostly succulent, perennial,
herbaceous, or frutescent; often scandent as in that species which furnishes the pepper of commerce; dichoto
mousand jointed P. nigrum furnishes the pepper of commerce. It grows wild in the East Indies, and in Cochin
China, and is cultivated in Malacca, Java, an especially in Sumatra. The pepper or seed is distinguished in
the shops as black or white; the former is the dried berry in its natural state; the latter, the berry deprived
of its skin, by steeping about a fortnight in water, and then drying in the sun.
Black
per is the hottest and
strongest, As a spice, pepper differs from most others by its pungency residing not in the volatile parts or es:
in the pepper farms of the East very much resembles that of the hop in England. Holes are made in prepared
ground at from six to twelve feet a-part every way; in these from two to six cuttings of the pepper vines are
sential oil, but in a fixed substance, which does not rise in the heat of boiling water. The culture of the plant
ORDER III.
DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
29
IDIGYNIA.
497 Spike ovate oblong, Flowers on short stalks longer than the beard spreading, Outer glumes ciliated
498 Panicle spike-shaped sub-lanceolate, Leaves smooth glaucous green, Nect adnate to the seed, Cor. loose
499 Spike ovate dense, Sheaths smooth, Leaves ciliated
TRIGYN.I.A.
Shrubby.
500 Leaves broad-lanceolate pointed coriaceous, Berries stalked
501 Lvs. elliptic lanc. attenuated very smooth dotted shining above at the base unequal, Spikes recurved at tips
502 Leaves ovate oblong or elliptic acuminate unequal at the base rough on each side, Spikes axillary uncinate
503 Leaves ovate oblong many-nerved acuminate smooth unequal at base, Leafstalks margined, Joints equal
504 Leaves elliptic oblong acuminate many-nerved unequal at the base, Joints knott
505 Branches round hairy, Leaves ovate oblong above rough : veins beneath and stalks hispid
506 Leaves ovate oblong 5-nerved rugose on each side smooth equal at the base
507 Leaves ovate attenuated 7-nerved, Stalks 2-toothed
508 Leaves broad ovate acuminate 7-nerved coriaceous smooth, Joints knotted
509 Leaves broad cordate 5-nerved at the base unequal, beneath discoloured, Spikes lax with remote flowers
510 Leaves cordate acuminate 5.9 nerved very smooth equal to the leaf stalks
511 Leaves cordate acuminate 9-11-nerved veiny rather villous, Leaf stalks partly winged
512 Leaves cordate oblong acuminate about 7-nerved unequal at the base
513 Lower leaves cordate stalked 7-nerved: upper cordate oblong sessile 5-nerved
514 Leaves peltate round cordate many-nerved obtuse sub-repand, Spikes in umbels
515 Leaves roundish cordate acute many-nerved, Nerves and stalks villous, Spikes in umbels
516 Leaves lanceolate ovate nerved, Spikes short
517 Leaves ovate lanceolate tomentose, Stem arborescent
518 Leaves ovate lanceolate acuminate smooth 3-nerved
519 Leaves lanceolate ovate rugose, Nerves alternate

Stem fleshy.
520 Leaves ovate acute obsoletely 3-nery. rather folded together at the base, Stalks ciliated, Spikes term. solitary
521 Leaves stem-clasping broad #: narrowed downwards many-nerved, Stem simple erect
52.2 Leaves obovate very obtuse, Flower-stalks terminal branched, Stem and branches rooting
523 Leaves obovate nearly retuse edged with red, Spike terminal solitary, Stem decumbent rooting
524 Leaves wedge-shaped about 7-nerved, Spikes terminal conjugate, Stem rooting nearly erect
525 Leaves oblong lanceolate attenuated 5-nerved, Spikes axillary, solitary the terminal in pairs, Stem winged
526 Leaves lanceolate ovate 5-nerved acute at each end, Spikes terminal 3 or 3 together, Stem nearlv erect
527 Leaves ovate acuminate 5-nerved, Spikes conjugate erect, Stem branching rooting
528 Leaves peltate cordate ovate acute, Stem creeping
529 Leaves cordate acute, Spikes lateral and terminal, Stem procumbent
530 Leaves oblong nerveless opposite spikes axillary solitary, Stem pubescent upright
531 Leaves oblong acute nerveless opposite with the erect stem villous
532-Leaves ternate roundish, Stem creeping
533 Leaves 4 together sub-sessile oblong nerveless, Spikes terminal, Stem erect
534 Leaves 3 and 4 together oblong 3-nerved smooth coriaceous, Spikes terminal solitary
535 Leaves 3 and 4 together elliptic lanceolate 3-nerved with the upright stems villous
536 St. erect round smth. Lvs.4-6 togeth, ses, lanc. atten. at base 3-nerv. very smth. Sp. ter. very long sol or double
537 Leaves 3 and 4 together roundish rhomboidal stalked 3-nerved pubescent, Branches erect
538 Leaves 4 together wedge-shaped emarginate sub-sessile, Spikes solitary, Stem erect
539 Very fragrant, Leaves 4, 5, and 6 together sub-sessile reflexed sub-emarginate, Spikes terminal about 4
540 Leaves 3 and 5 together oblong acuminate 3-nerved smooth, Stem erect
541 Hoary with down, Leaves alternate thick round-ovate with a small blunt point, very cordate at the base
542 Leaves obovate rounded stalked very thick green naked
543 Leaves about 4 together roundish convex beneath and coloured, Spikes terminal and axillary sub-solitary
511
NT
#
E. ['.
-
##[.
&\!/ ><:
*2:
sl2
23
planted, and afterwards staked with any rough barked wood, on which the plants climb and attach themselves
much in the manner ofour five-leaved ivy (Ampelopsis). In Sumatra, Marsden informs us (Hist. 107.), a tree called
the chinkareen is planted for the support of the pepper plant, as the common maple and flowering ash is for the
vine in Italy. The shoots bear in the third year; the flowers appear in June, and the berries are ripe, and of
a blood-red in September. The shoots are then cut down to the ground, and the berries gathered, dried in the
sun, and sorted. In three or four years more the shoots have attained full growth, and another crop is ready.
P. amalago, longum, and various other species afford berries differing very little in quality from those of
P nigrum, and sometimes mixed with, or substituted for them.
P. betle affords the betel leaf of the southern Asiatics, which serves to enclose a few slices of the areca
nut (thence commonly called the betle-nut), and a little shell lime. This, the inhabitants of those countries
chew to sweeten the breath, strengthen the stomach, and ward off the calls of hunger, as the European working
classes do tobacco. It is deemed the extreme of unpoliteness in the east to speak to a superior without a quid
of betel in the mouth. The teeth of the men in Malabar are ruined by it; but the women preserve theirs to
an old age, by staining them black with antimony.
Such is the consumption of betel in the east, that it occa
sions a branch of commerce nearly as extensive as that of tobacco in the west.

All the species of pepper introduced in our stoves grow freely in loam and peat, require but little water, and
are readily propagated by cuttings.
30
TUIANDRIA.
Clams HI.
Claw III. TRIANDRI A. 3 Stamens.

This
clan,
which
is
larger
than the two
preceding,
contains
mostarcofthe
of three considerable
andplants,
natural
orders,butthetransient
indes, ,
Gramneas
The
first
chieflygenera
bulbous-rooted
sword-leaved
with brilliant
(lowers
; theandsecond,
sedgymore
grass-like
plants,
more
curioustothan
useful;
and
the
third,
the
proper
grasses,
an
order
which
contributes
extensively
and
effectually
the
support
of
nun
and
domestic
animals
than
any
other,
and,
unless
wcexcept
Lolium
temulcntum,
containing
no
poisonousplant.
The generaandofStilliiigfkvt
the grasses,and
Sir Curtis,
J. E. Smith
observes,
arc not
easily
defined.
Schreber havepaid
and Di. Host
among
the
and more
recently,
Mr. improvements
R. Brown,
in thiscountry,
attention
toGermans,
thedistribution
order ; butofit istheamong
the French
that the
greatest
have beenhavemade
in Messrs.
themuch
arrangement
and
genera.
The
principal
graminologisU
in
that
country
l>ecii
Desvaux,
Palisot
de Bcauvois,
andadmitted
Kunth, each
of whom
has divided
the
Linnaean genera
intohere.
manyItothers
the greaterbe
part
of which
have
been
botanists,
andthearegrasses,
consequently
adopted
must,; however,
confessed,
that
if much
has clearness
been by
doneother
indefinition
remodelling
yet more
remains
to be effected
said
and even
that
much
more
perspicuity
and
of
will
be
required
before
their
arrangement
can
be
tobeenapproach
perfection.
In
describing
the
essential
characters,
the
phraseology
of
the
continental
botanists
has
adopted. This not being very familiar to readers in this country, the following explanation of terms
may be useful.
The parts here called Potete
Gium .are. the. Corolla.
Calyx of Linnaeus.
Scale
. . . S'ectary.
The
terms
calyx
and
corolla
applied
to
the
floral
envelopes
ofgrasses
areof Bractea?,
improper,asasaretheyalsoarethenotinner
analogous
to thoseNectariuin
organs in other
plants, butItarehasrather
toconsidered
be considered
as a form
scales,in
called
by
Linmcus.
been
by
some
writers,
proper
to
place
all
the
grasses
rriandria,
without
reference
to
the
number
of
their
stamens
;
but
this
is
manifestly
improper,
as
the
whole
merit
ofbe the
artificial
system depends
its principles
being closely followed;
not in thispoint
classof
are
found
Monandria,
Diandria,upon
Hexandria,
grasses,The
in grasses
anduke
conominal
view,to have
beeninscientifically
experimented
on by SirandH. Polygamie.
Davy, and Mr.TheSinclair,
the
of Bedford's
gar
dener
at Wobum.
Galaxia
and
Ferrara,
which
Persoon
has
placed
in
this
class,
we
have,
with
Willdenow,
placed
in
Monadelphia. Tigndia will also be found there The following plants are Triandrous, but as they belong to very na
tural
genera, hotaniatsNarcissus
have deemed
it betterJuncus
not toconglomerate
separate them.and eflusus. Rivina brasiliensis, ond some
MONOGYNIA.
triandrus.
species
of Amaranthus, &c Galium
trifidura, some
Asperulas, Melothria, Laurus triandra, Fagara spinosa
andDIGYNIA.
acuminata, Tripeacum
Hirtella triandra,
Tradescantiasome
multiflora.
hermaphroditum,
species
of Ehrharta, &c
TRIGYNIA,
americana,
&c Tilla museosa, FJatine triandra, SteUaria media, some species of Xanthoxylum, Triplaris
Order L MONOGYNIA.
3 Stamens. 1 Style
1. Flowers with Calyx and Corolla distinct ; or with a trifid Corolla only.
78. Valeriana.
Cal.base.
very small,
finally
enlarged into a feathery pappus. Corolla monopetalous, 5-lobed, re
gular,
gibbous at Cal.
the
Capsule
1-celled.
79. Patrinia,
very small,
finally
enlarged
an irregularly
and obsoletely
mo
nopetalous,
5-lobed, regular,
gibbous
at the
base. Into
Capsule
3-celled, supported
on onetoothed
side byrim.
an ovalCorolla
membra
nous
bractea.
Stamens
variable
(3
or
5.)
80. Valerianea. CaL very small, finally becoming a straight rim. Cor. monopetalous S-fid, regular. Capsule81.3-celled.
Caiymenia, CaL 5-fid campanulate. Cor. funnel-shaped. Nut I-*eeded, surrounded by the enlarged
calyx.
82.
LcrJUngia.
5-leaved,
leaves3-valved,
2-toothedmany-seeded.
at the base. Cor. of5 petals, which are very minute and
connivent StigmaCaL3-ple.
Caps.the
1-celled,
83.theHippocratea,
Cal. 5-leaved,
very small.
Petopening
5 dilatedin the
at themiddle,
base, hooded
the 2-5
end.compressed
Nut fleshy,winged
bear
ing
stamens.
Caps.
3,
compressed,
2-vahed,
1-ccllcd,atwith
seeds.
84. Cneorum. CaL S-4-toothod, persistent, small Pet 3-4 equal. Stigma 3-fid. Drupes 3 or 4 clustered,
85. Comocladia.
CaL(Stamens
3-parted. andPetpetals
3, larger
calyx. Drupe with 3 spots at the end, and a mem
branous
1-seededCaLnutS-valved,
vary
tothan4.) the
86.
.
cartilaginous,
clustered
in
a
head. Cor. 3-petaled, equal. Caps. 1-3-celled,
3-valved. Stigma 3-fid.
87. Callisia.
Calyx
3-leaved. Petals 3. Anthers double. Capsule superior, 2-celled, 2-seecled, compressed.
Stigmas
3,
finely
divided.
88. Commelina.
celled.
Seeds fixed CaL
to theS-Ieavcd.
valves. Pet 3. Filaments 3 or 4-sterilc, furnished with crossing glands. Caps. -389.
involucrum.
StamensStamens
6. Anthers
3, sometimes
dissimilar.
9a Aneilcma.
Cartonema. Like
Cor.Commelina,
persistent : but
the 3noouter
leaves calycine.
persistent,
beardless.2-4, Seeds
2.
2. Flowers with a 5-parted Calyx, and no Corolla.
91. Ortegia.
CaL 5-leaved,
bottom
of the capsule.
Stigma Stigma
1 headed. Caps. 1-celled, 3-valved at the end. Seeds many, affixed to the
92. Polycnemum. CaL 5-leaved. Seed 1, in an utricuius.
3, Flowers 6-partcd, coloured .- the Calyx and Corolla not distinct.
93. long,
Crocus.
Flowertrifid,
funnel-shaped,
regular
: the outer segments largest Tubs
very
partlySpatha
underusually
ground.2-valved.
Stigma deeply
with convolute
segments.
94.
Witsenia.
Flower
tubular,
with
a
6-parted
limb.
Stigma
slightly
trifid or emarginate. Caps, S-celled,
piany seeded.
95.
liia.
Spatha
2-valved.
Flower
with
a
slender
tube
and
regular
limb. Stigmas 3, narrow, recurved.
Laps, globo-e, ovate
96. Trichontnia.
2-valved. Flower with a very short tube and an equal regular limb Filaments
pubescent
Stigmas 3,Spatha
2-partcd.
97. Geissorhiza.
Spatha 2-valved. Flower tubular, with a 6-parted spreading regular limb. Style inclined.
Caps,
oval, 3-comered.
98. Hesierantha.
Spathaoblong
2-valvcd.
Flower tubular, with a 6-parted regular limb. Stigmas 3, divided as far
down
as the tube. Caps,
3-cornered.
Class III.
TRIANDRIA.
31
99. Sparaxis, Spatha 2-valved, scarious, membranous, torn at the end. Flower tubular. Stigmas 3, recurved
Caps.
*: globose.
ha 2-val
Spatha 2-valved.
nor berried.
100. neither
Tritonia.
Seeds
Flower tubular,* with a 6-parted

nearl y regular limb.
pa
b. Sti
Stigmas
3, spreading
-
101. Watsonia, Spatha 2-valved. Flower tubular, with a 6-parted limb. Stigmas 3, filiform, 2-parted, with
Spatha
2-valv
the inner valve 2-part
"###"####'nei
s,
spreading seeds
berried."
F.ower tubular, with a 6-pa

parted limb.
-
Stigmas
-
103 Lapeyrousia. Flower hypocrateriform. Tube longer than the 6-parted limb. Stigmas 3, 2-parted. Caps.
membranous, many-seeded.
104. Melasphaerula. Spatha 2-valved. Flower nearly divided into 6 petals: the segments pointed equal.
Stigmas 3, recurved.
Caps. 3-lobed.
105. Gladiolus. Spatha 2-valved. Flower tubular, with a 6-parted irregular limb. Stamens ascending.
l t Anomatheca. Spatha 2-valved. Flower hypocrateriform. Stigmas 3, 2-parted. Caps frosted over with
Stigmas 3. Seeds winged.
ittle warts.
107. Antholyza. Spatha 2-valved. Flower tubular, with a ringent differently formed limb. Stigmas 3, simple.
Seeds nearly round.
108. Xiphidium. Flower inferior, 6-petaled, regular. , Caps. 3-celled, many-seeded.
109. Leptanthus. Flower monopetalous, with a very long slender tube, a 6-parted limb, and nearly equal seg
ments. Stigma simple.
110. Wachendorfia. Flower inferior, 6-parted, irregular. Caps. 3-celled. Seeds solitary.
111. Hemodorum. Flower 6-parted, persistent, smooth. Stamens attached to the base of the inner segments
of cor. Ovarium 3-celled. Cells 2-seeded. , Stigma 1. Caps. 1-superior, 3-lobed, 3-celled. Seeds peltate, edged.
112. Aristea. Flower superior, 6-petaled, regular; after flowering twisted spirally and persistent. Caps.
3-celled, many seeded.
113. Dilatris. Flower superior, 6-
led, regular. One filament shorter than the others, and with a larger
anther... Stigma simple. Caps 3-celled, Seeds solitary.
114. Brodiaea. Flower inferior, tubular, with a 6-cleft regular limb, and a 3-leaved corona in the orifice.
Caps. 3-celled, many seeded.
115. Iris. Flower 6-parted: every other division reflexed. Stigmas shaped like petals.
116. Moraea. , Flower 6-petaled; after flowering involute above, spirally twisted beneath, finally falling off.
Caps. many-seeded.
117. Marica. Flower 6-parted, or of 6 petals: the 3 outer segments largest, the inner connivent and very
much smaller. Stigma like a petal, 3-fid: its segments undivided. Caps. 3-celled.
118.
Flower 6-petaled, regular, equal. Caps. many-seeded. Seeds attached to a central loose
receptacle.
i
4. Flowers glumaceous.
:*
a, Leaves with an entire Sheath.
Sedges.
119. Schaenus. Spikelets few-flowered, distichous: the lower scales empty, the upper enclosing flowers. No
120. Rhynchospora. Spikelets few-flowered, slender: the lower nearly empty, the upper enclosing flowers.
bristles under the ovarium.
Bristles under the ovarium.
121. Fimbristylis. Spikelets imbricated in all directions, many-flowered, none of the scales empty.
jointed at the base, and deciduous. No bristles under the ovarium.
Style
122. Isolepis. Spikelets imbricated in all directions, many-flowered, none of the scales empty. No bristles
under the ovarium. Style not jointed at the base, and deciduous.
123. Scirpus. Spikelets imbricated in all directions, many-flowered, none of the scales empty. Bristles under
the ovarium. Style not jointed at the base, and deciduous.
124. Elaeocharis. Spikelets imbricated in all directions, many-flowered, none of the scales empty. Bristles
under the ovarium. Styke jointed at the base, and deciduous.
125. Eri
m. Glumes chaffy imbricated in all directions.
126. Tri
Seed surrounded by very long dense wool.
orum. Spikelets nearly ovate, imbricated in all directions. Bristles about the seed usually six,
capillary, finally very much lengthened and exserted.

27.
. Spikelets in two ranks, imbricated; nearly all the scales enclosing flowers. No bristles under
the ovarium. Style deciduous, not bulbous.
128. Papyrus. Spikelets many-flowered. Glumes imbricated in two rows, 1-flowered. Style 3-fid. Scales 2
membranous, contrary to the glumes. No bristles beneath the ovarium. Seed 3-cornered.
129. Kyllinga. Spikelets 1-flowered., Glumes 4, imbricated in two rows, compressed: the 2 lower which are
smaller and the upper one empty; the intermediate similar to the upper, and including a naked herma
phrodite flower. Style bifid. No bristles under the ovarium. Seed lenticular.
130. Mariscus.
ikelets few-flowered., Glumes imbricated in two rows, the lower empty. Stamens some.
times 2. Style trifid Neither scales nor bristles below the ovarium. Seed triangular.
A. Leaves with a split sheath, and a membranous ligule.
True grasses.
131. Remirea. Spikelets 1-flowered, with imbricated scales; the outer ones nerved, the upper which bears
the flower enclosed in them and unlike them. No bristles beneath the ovarium. Seed oblong, enclosed in the
uppermost scale become thickened and corky.
32. Lygeum. Flowers 2 or 3 together, with two valved glumes, at the base united into a 2-celled villous
pericarpium.
Involucrum a convolute spatha.
135. Cornucopia.
Involucre 1-leaved, cup-shaped or funnel-shaped, many-flowered.
Glumes 2-valved,
united at base, mitre-formed, equal. Palea 1, bladder-like, split on one side, with a beard below the middle.
Stigmas long. Seed not furrow
Flowers in a head.
134. Cenchrus. Involucrum 1-3-flowered, many parted, bristly without, finally hardened. Glume 2-flowered,
smallest. Florets dissimilar: the outer male or neuter, the inner hermaphrodite.
the outer valve

No scales.
135 Pennisetum. Involucrum double, composed of many bristles: the outer unequal, the inner pinnated,
bearded. Spikelets 2-3-5. Glume 2-valved, unequal. Lower floret male, upper hermaphrodite, both sessile.
Paleae nearly cartilaginous.
Spike compound, with sessile spikelets.
136. Spartina. Glume 3-valved, 1-flowered, unequal, keeled, very acute. Paleae 2, beardless, bifid, emargin
ate and toothed, shorter than the glumes. Scales fringed.
Style very long.
Seed loose, covered with the
paleae. Spikelets 1-sided, inserted in a double row. Spike compound.

137. Nardus. Glume 1-valved, 1-flowered. Palea I. Stigma simple. Seed covered by the palea.
138. Oryzopsis. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered, membranous, a little longer than the hardened paleae. Paleae
2, the lower villous at the end with a jointed beard, the upper entire.
rium. Panicle nearly simple and loose.
Order 2.
DIGYNIA.
Scales 2, linear, the length of the ova
1. Inflorescence spiked or panicled. Spikelets either solitary, in pairs, or several together, one or more usually
2-flowered, one of the flowers being sterile or of only one ser. Glumes usually
a thinner terture than the
Palear, which are more or less cartilaginous, the lower one half enfolding the upper, and either beardless or oc
casionally bearded; neither of them with a keel. (PANicEA.)
139. Paspalum, Glume 2-valved, 1-flowercd, closely
to the two plano-convex palcae. Seed coated
with the paleae. Flowers spiked, attached to onc side of the toothedrachis.
TRIANDRIA.
32
CLAss III.
140. Aronopus. The inflorescence digitate. Spikelets simple. Otherwise, as Paspalum.

141. Milium. Glume naked, beardless, 2-valved: the valves concave, larger than the paleae, which are two,
concave and equal. Seed coated with the indurated paleae.
142. Knappia. Glume 1-flowered, 2-valved, truncate, beardless. Palea one, torn, the divisions setigerous
and united at the base, enfolding the stamens and pistillum. Flowers alternate in a flexuose rachis. Seed loose.
143. Digitaria. . Inflorescence digitate or fascicled. Spikelets 1-sided, flower-stalks 2-, or many-flowered.
Glume 2-valved, the lower valve very minute. Of the lower neuter floret the paleae membranous. Of the
upper hermaphrodite floret the paleae subcoriaceous, hardened. Seed slightly furrowed.
144. Panicum. Glume 3-valved: valves unequal, the outer being very small. Paleae two, concave, equal,
beardless. Seed coated with the hardened paleae. Panicle scattered and loose.
145. Setaria. Has the same character as Panicum, except that the panicle is spiked.
146. Echinochloa. Has the character of Panicum, except that the panicle is composed of alternate spike
lets, and the third valve of the glume is bearded.
147. Orthopogon. Has the character of Echinochloa, except that both the intermediate and third valves of
the glume are bearded.
148. Penicillaria. Involucrum bristly: the bristles equal, pinnated, bearded. Glume 2-valved, very small,
membranous. Lower floret male, upper hermaphrodite: the palese subcartilaginous and entire. Anthers vil
lous at the end. Spike compound, cylindrical, with stalked involucrated spikelets.
149. Lappago. Glume 2-valved, valves unequal: the lower very minute, membranous,
cartilagi
-
":
nous, very large, with soft prickles. Paleae 2-valved, membranous, shorter than the glume. Scales very small,
fringed.
Panicle simple spike-shaped; the branches 3-flowered.
2. Inflorescence panicled. Spikelets solitary, 1-flowered. Glumes membranous, the lower Paleae coriaceous,
bearded, enfolding the upper, which has not two Keels. (SripacEA.)
150. Stipa. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered, membranous, longer than the two cartilaginous paleae, of which the
lower is convolute, with a long beard at the apex; upper entire. Beard jointed at the base, deciduous scales
oblong, entire. Seed furrowed. Panicle almost simple, lax.
3. Inflorescence panicled, sometimes contracted into the form of a spike. Spikelets solitary, 1-flowered. Glumes
and Paleae of nearly similar terture, most usually with a Keel. Lower Palea either bearded or beardless, the
upper never with two Keels. (AGRosTIDEA.)
151. Muhlenbergia. Glume 2-valved: valves very minute, fringed, three times as short as the paleae, the
lower of which has a bristle. Scales ovate, obliquely truncate, gibbous. Seed naked, not furrow
Panicle
nearly simple, contracted or spreading.
152 Chaeturus. Lower valve of the gluma with a long bristle, upper acute. Paleae membranous, the lower
valve trifid, upper bifid. Flowers spiked, inserted into the elongated teeth of the rachis.
153. Lagurus. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered, each valve ending in a villous beard. Outer paleae with two
terminal beards, and a third, which is dorsal and twisted back. Panicle spike-shaped, ovate, hairy.
154. Polypogon. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered: valves nearly equal, obtuse at the end with a long bristle,
much longer than the somewhat cartilaginous palese. Lower palea below its end, which is entire, with a
straight short tender bristle, upper bifid, toothed. Panicle contracted, like a spike.
155. Gastridium. Glume 2-valved: valves ventricose at the base, 3 times as long as the hardened coriaceous
paleae. Paleae 2, the lower 3-4-toothed with a bristle under the end, the upper bifid, toothed. Panicle com
pound, contracted like a spike.
156. A
is. Glume naked, beardless, 2-valved: valves concave, longer than the paleae, which are 2, and
enclose the
157. Trichodium. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered. Palea one, shorter than the glumes, bearded, and supported
at the base by one or two fascicles of hairs "seed loose, covered by the palea.
158. Tristegis. Glume naked, 3-valved: valves concave, the outer very small, the intermediate longer than
the paleae, the third bearded. Palea. 2, concave, equal, obtuse, beardless. Seed inclosed in the palea.
159. Sporobolus. Glume naked, beardless, 2-valved: valves concave, much shorter than the paleae, which are
two, concave, nearly equal, beardless. seed not inclosed in the paleae.
160. Airopsis. Glume 2-flowered: valves nearly equal, navicular, longer than the florets. Lower paleae trifid
at the end, upper entire. Seed loose, not furrowed. Panicle contracted, compound.
161. Cinna. Glume naked, beardless, with 2 concave valves shorter than the paleae, which are 2, nearly equal,
concave, with long points: the outer one being bearded or beardless. Seed enclosed in the paleae.
162. Psamma. d'. nearly beardless. Palee under the end emarginate, mucronate, shorter than the
glumes. Scales 2, subulate. , Style 3-parted. Seed turbinate. Spike compound, erect, cylindrical.
163. Crypsis. Glume 2-valved, I-flowered, compressed, unequal. Paleoe 2, unequal, longer than the glume.
Seed loose, covered by the paleae.
164. Alopecurus. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered: valves somewhat equal, connate, distinct. Paleae united into
a bladder-like glume split on one side, below the middle (generally), bearded. Scales linear, entire. Spike com
cund, contracted, without involucrum, branches very small, branching.
165. Phleum. Glume 2-valved, naked, with a point or little beard out of the nerve at its back: valves navi
cular,
the paleae, which are 2, navicular and beardless. Beard of the glume lengthened. Second
'ins
floret sessile.
166. Achnodonton. The character of Phleum, except that the beard of the glume is very minute.
167. Chitochloa. The character of Phleum, except that the second floret is stalked.
168. Phalaris. Glume 2-valved, naked, beardless: the valves navicular, inclosing the paleae, which are two,
and navicular also, beardless and naked at the base, but supported by hairs or accessory glumes.
4. Inflorescence panicled. Spikelets solitary, 2 or many-flowered. Glumes with a keel. Paleae of nearly the
same terture as the glumes, the lower carinate or concave, always bearded, the upper with two keels. (BRoMEA )
169. Corynephorus. Glume 2-flowered. Valves membranous,
than the florets. Lower palea entire,
having at its base a beard, jointed in the middle, woolly, twisting and small below, clavate above; upper bifid.
toothed. Panicle compound.
170. Aira. Spikelets slender. Glume 2-flowered, rarely 3-flowered, beardless, 2-valved, equal to the florets
or shorter. One of the florets on a stalk. Paleae 2, equal, enclosing the seed when ripe.
171. Avena. Glumes membranous, 2-7-flowered, longer than the florets. Lower palea twice torn, or, with
the upper, bifid-toothed, sometimes eroded, having at the back a plaited twisted beard. Scales ovate. Seed
coated, furrowed. Panicle compound, loose.
172. Trisetum. Lower palea with 2 bristles and a tender flexuose beard above the middle of its back. Scale
lanceolate. Other characters of Avena.
173. Danthonia. Lower palea 2-toothed, with a plaited twisted beard from between the teeth, upper obtusely
truncated. Sced loose, not furrowed.
Panicle simple.
Other characters of Avena.
174. Gaudinia. Glume unequal, obtuse. Lower palea bifid-toothed, bearded at the back above the middle:
the bearded twisted and plaited. Upper palea 2-4-toothed. Seed coated, furrowed. Spikelets sessile, alter
nate, with 9-11 2-ranked flowers.
175. Arundo. Glume naked, beardless, 2-valved: the valves wrapping up the paleae which are 2-bearded and
surrounded by bristles. Seed inclosed in the paleae.
176. Chrysurus. - Neuter spikelet. Glume linear, subulate, with remote florets.
Paleae 1, sterile.
Herma
phrodite spikelet, 1-flowered. Glumes subulate, linear, Floret stalked. Lower palea below its end, which is
entire, setigerous, the upper entire. Seed with two beards, not furrowed. Panicle compound, branching.
177 Sesleria.
Common involucrum many-leaved: the leaflets sometimes deciduous.
Glume 3-4-flowered.
CLAss III.
TRIANDRIA.
33
Valves unequal, shorter than the stalked florets. Lower palea irregularly 2-toothed, setigerous. Scales longer
than the ovarium, subulate. Spike compound.
178. Cynosurus. Involucrum 1-leaved, with pinnatifid divisions, containing two spikelets. Glume 4-5
flowered, shorter than the florets. Lower palea very acute, upper bifid-toothed. Scales hairy. Seed coated,
furrowed. Spike compound.
179. Kleria. Spikelets compressed. Glume 2 or 3-flowered, beardless, 2-valved: the valves shorter than
the lowest floret. Paleae 2, the outer beardless or bearded under the point.
180. Dactylis. Many spikelets heaped in a head, 1-sided. Glume 2-7-flowered. Lower palea under the end,
which is emarginate, setigerous, upper bifid, toothed. Scales hairy. Seed loose, not furrowed. Panicle com
pound with short branches.
181. Glyceria. Spikelet slender. Glume 5-7-flowered. Valves 2, truncate, with transparent membranous
edges, shorter than the florets. Lower palea eroded or many-toothed, navicular, embracing the upper, which
is bifid-toothed. Scales connate. Seed furrowed. Panicle nearly simple.
182. Festuca. Glume beardless, 2-valved: valves nearly equal, shorter than the lowest floret. Paleae 2, the
outer one bearded at the end. Seed inclosed in the paleae.
183. Mygalurus. Glume 1 or 2-valved, many-flowered, shorter than the spikelet: one valve very small.
Paleae 2, one of them bearded near the end. Seed inclosed in the paleae.
184. Bromus. Glume 3-20-flowered. Valves shorter than the florets, which are imbricated in two rows.
Lower palea cordate, emarginate below the end, sometimes torn in two, with a straight beard. Scales ovate,
smooth. Seed coated, furrowed. Panicle compound.
-
185. Brachypodium. Spikelets stalked, alternate in each tooth of the rachis. Stalks broad and thick. Glume
3-15-flowered. Valves shorter than the florets. Paleae entire, lower setigerous at the end, upper bluntly trun
cated, generally edged with stiff reflexed hairs. Scales pilose. Seed coated, furrowed.
186. Uniola. Spikelets compressed. Florets imbricated in two rows, the lower only abortive. Glume
3-20-flowered, shorter than the florets. Lower palea navicular at the end, abruptly cut off and m. cronate be
tween the lobes, the upper subulate, somewhat bifid-toothed. Scales bifid. Seeds turbinate, with two horns,
not furrowed. Panicle compound, loose.
187. Tricuspis. Glume 5-7-flowered. Valves navicular, shorter than the florets. Lower palea bifid-toothed,
between the teeth and on each side mucronate: the upper truncate, almost emarginate. Seed 2-horned.
188. Diplachne. Glume 7-9-flowered: the upper valve mucronate at the end.
wer palea twice torn, with
a bristle beneath the divisions, "' sub-truncate, emarginate. Seed not furrowed. Panicle simple, much
branching. Branches alternate, filiform.
189. Ceratochloa. Glume 12-18-flowered. Valves shorter than the florets. Paleae bifid-toothed: the lower
mucronate between the teeth. Ovarium 3-horned. Seed coated, furrowed, 3-horned. Panicle nearly simple.
Spikelets compressed. Florets imbricated in two rows.
190. Schismus. Glume 3-6-flowered. Valves the length of the florets, or longer. Lower palea cordate,
emarginate, its rib extended between the lobes into a filiform mucro, the upper entire. Seed obtuse, nearly
furrowed. Panicle simple, contracted, spike-shaped.

191. Triodia.
Glume 3-5-flowered.
Valves navicular, longer than the florets. Paleae bifid-toothed: lower

Scales lanceolate, smooth. Ovarium with a bifid diverging
: a thick tooth-shaped mucro between the teeth.

beak.
192. Beckmannia. Spikelets 1-sided, 3-5-flowered. Glumes unequal, navicular, with a little stalk at the
base, obtuse at the end, spatulate, nearly the length of the florets. Paleae nearly equal. Scales lanceolate.
Seed loose, not furrowed. Spike compound. 3 spikelets in each tooth of the rachis.
193. Melica. Glume unequal, 2-5-flowered, membranous, nearly the length of the florets, of which the upper
are incomplete, abortive and stalked. Scales truncate, fringed. Seed loose, not furrowed. Panicle simple or
compound.
194. Molinia. Glume 2-4-flowered, unequal. Paleae conical, lanceolate, acute, much longer than the glume,
the upper barren and abortive, or often in its place, a formless rudiment. Scales subtruncate. Seed with two
points from the remains of the style, with a broad furrow. Panicle compound. Spikelets slender.
195. Briza. Glumes navicular, compressed, nearly cordate at the base, many-flowered (3-14), shorter
than the florets which are imbricate in two rows. Lower palea cordate at the base, embracing the upper,
which is nearly round and much shorter. Seed with two short filiform beaks. Panicle compound, loose,
branches pendulous.
196. Poa. Glume 2-20-flowered. Valves shorter than the florets. Paleae sometimes woolly at the base, the
r bifid-toothed. Scales smooth. Seed furrowed. Panicle more or less branching or scattered.
97. Eragrostis. Glume 4-10-flowered., Valves shorter than the paleae, which are imbricated in two ranks.
Upper palea reflexed, its edges folded back, shell-shaped, entire, fringed, persistent. Seed loose, 2-horned, not
furrowed.
Panicle compound, more or less scattered.
198. Megastachya. Spikelets elongated: the florets imbricated in two rows. Glume 5-20-flowered. Valves
nate, with a point between
shorter than the et. Lower palea

Seed loose, not furrowed. Panicle compoun
the divisions, upper bifid-toothed.
5. Inflorescence spiked. Spikelets solitary, seldom many flowered, with the # flower abortive and differently
formed. Glumes with a keel, not opposite. Lower paleae generally bearded, seldom beardless, the upper with
two keels. (CHLoRIDEA.)
199. Sclerochloa. Glume 3-5-flowered. Valves obtuse, shorter than the florets.
Lower palea cordate, emar
inate, obtuse, upper entire. Scales emarginate. Seed with a bifid beak. Spike simple. Spikelets 1-sided or
ichotomous.
200. Eleusine. Glume 5-7-flowered. Valves obtuse. Paleae obtuse, upper bifid-toothed. Scales truncate,
fimbriate.
Seed inclosed in a separate membrane, broadly and deeply furrowed.
Spikelets 4-5, erect, 1-sided.
Inflorescence digitate.
201. Dactyloctenium. Spikelets 1-sided. Glume 5-7-flowered... Lower valve with a falcate spine-shaped
mucro. Lower palea navicular, ventricose, subulate, upper. bifid-toothed. Scales truncate, fringed. Seed
square, warted, obtuse, loose. Spikelets digitate, 4-5, erect or horizontal.
202. Leptochloa. Giume 3-5-flowered. Valves lanceolate, acute, nearly as long as the florets. Lower palea
navicular, acute, upper bifid-toothed. Seed loose, furrowed. Panicle simple. Branches alternate, simple, with
nearly 1-sided spikelets.
203 Cynodon. Spikelets 1-sided in a simple row. Glumes membranous, persistent, shorter than the florets,
and only embracing them at the base.
Fertile floret with the upper palea bifid-toothed.
A rudiment of an
abortive floret, stalked, smooth, clavate. Scales truncate. Seed loose, not furrowed. Spike digitate. Spike
lets 4-5-filiform, simple, slender.
204. dinebra. Glume 2-5-flowered.
Valves subulate.
Paleae bifid, emarginate, the lower setigerous under
the end. Scales truncate, or somewhat lanceolate. Inflorescence spiked, acuminate, the point of the rachis
protruding beyond. Spike simple or compound. Spikelets 1-sided, alternate, remote, pendulous.
20.5
'' s' close together.
Glume 2-4-flowered. Valves mucronate, shorter than the florets.
Lower palea truncate, fringed, terminated by 5 lanceolate unequal bristles, upper cordate, emarginate, with two
similar bristles. Scales truncate. Seed loose, gibbous, not furrowed, with two diverging beaks. Spike simple,
capitate.
6. Inflorescence spiked. Spikelets solitary, in pairs, or several together, 1.flowcred, or many flowered. Glumes
opposite, equal. Lower palea bearded or beardless, upper with two keels. (CEREALIA.)
206. Triticum. Glume 2-valved, many-flowered, shorter than the spikelet; the valves nearly equal, beard.
less, or with one beard enclosing the florets. Paleae 2, one of them being bearded from the end Seed inclosed
in the paleae, rarely otherwise.
34
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
CLAss III.
207. Loliurn. Spikelets sessile, to the lowest a glume of one valve, to the uppermost of two
: vlves.
Lower palea with a mucro or bristle at the end, upper membranous, bifid-toothed. Scales with two unequal
teeth.
Seed furrowed.
208. Elymus. Spikelets in each tooth of the rachis two or more, 39-flowered. Glume 2-valved, nearly
equal, rarely (as in E. Hystrix) absent or nearly so. Lower palea entire with a bristle which is sometimes very
short, upper somewhat bifid-toothed. Scales ovate, hairy. Seed furrowed. Spike simple.
20*. Secale. Spikelets in each tooth of the rachis solitary, 2-3-flowered, the two lower florets fertile, sessile,
opposite, the upper abortive. Glumes subulate, opposite, entire, shorter than the florets. Lower palea entire,
with a very long bristle, upper bifid-toothed. Scales obovate, hairy. Seed coated, furrowed.
210. Hordeum. Spikelets 1-flowered, three together, the two lateral often barren. Glumes 2, subulate.
Paleae 2, the lower bearded. Scales 2. Stigmas feathery. Seed coated with the paleae.
211. Microchloa. Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes 2, membranous, beardless. Palea. 2, much shorter than the
glumes, villous. Stigmas very finely divided.
212. Ophiurus. Glumes cartilaginous, half immersed in hollows of the rachis, longer than the floret. Paleae
membranous, transparent. Ovarium cordate. Spike simple.
213, Monerma. Spikelets half immersed in hollows of the rachis. Glume 1-valved, cartilaginous, furrowed.
Paleae membranous, transparent. Scales lanceolate, entire, smooth. Spike simple. Rachis jointed, toothed.
7. Inflorescence spiked, or panicled, jointed. Spikelets generally in pairs, 1 or 2-flowered, the one sessile, the other
stalked, and usually of one ser only. Glumes of a stouter texture than the palee, neither keeled nor opposite.
Palear very delicate and membranous, not with a keel, the lower commonly bearded. (SAcchari N.A.)
214. Perotis.
Glume 2-valved: valves with a long bristle at the end.
Palea 1, nearly as long as the calyx.
Spike nearly simple, involucrated at the base, with woolly hairs,

Glume 2-valved, 2-flowered, enveloped in long wool. Lower floret neuter with one palea,
upper hermaphrodite with two paleae, the upper of whic is very small or obsolete.
216. Imperata. Glume 2-valved: valves herbaceous, at the lower part of the back clothed with very long
hairs the length of the paleae, which are two, and beardless, the lowest only half the size of the other. Scales
215. Saccharum.
none.
Stamens 2-3.
MONOGYNLA.
78. VALERIANA. W. VALERTAN.
544 diolca W.
545 officinlis W.
546 Phu IV.
dioecious
547 tripteris W.
three-leaved
mountain
celtic
tuberous-root.
rock
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
elongated
A or
heart-leaved
elder-leaved
A or
A or
A or
548 montana W.
549 celtica W.
550 tubersa W.
551 saxtilis W.
552 elongta Ja.

553 pyrenaica W.
554 sambcifolia Mik.
555 supina Wahl.

9. PATRI/NIA.
great wild
garden
prostrate
PATRINIA.
Siberian
556 sibirica W.
O
Russian
A
557 ruthnica W.
+80. VALERIANE'LLA. LAMa's Lettucp.
558 echinta W.
O
prickly capsul.
common
559 olitria W.
O
O
oval-fruited
560 dentta JV.
561 vesicria W.
O
bladdery
crowned
562 coronta W.
O
discoid
563 discoidea W.
O
keeled
O
564 carinta D. C.
565 eriocrpa D. C.
woolly-fruited
566 radiata Wahl.
radiate
thick-fruited
hook-fruited
567 dasycrpa M. B.
568 uncinta M. B.
O
O
O
O
or
m
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
cul
cul
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
Jaleriance. Sp. 1247.

my.jl F
Britain
mar.
jn.jl
F
Britain
mar.
my.jl W.
Germany 1597.
mrmy W
Switzerl. 1752.
jn.jl
L.R. Switzerl. 1748.
jn
W
Switzerl. 1748.
*
my.jn L. R. S. Europe 1629.
* jl
W
Austria 1748.
* jn.jl Y
Austria 1812.
3
my.jn Pk Scotland sc.wo.
1
my.jn Pk
Germany 1819.
+ myjn Pk
S. Europe 1822.
Paleriance. Sp. 2.
1
my.jn Y
Siberia
1750.
1
jn
Y
Siberia
1801.
Walerianeae. Sp. 1126.
1
jlau Pk S. Europe 1807.
ap.my Bk Britain cor fi.
1
ap.jn B
Britain cor fi.
ap.my W Candia , 1739.
=
ap.jn Pk Portugal 1731.
apji. B
Italy
731.
l ap.my B
France
1810.
1
ap.my Li
France
1821.
1
ap.my Pk N. Amer. 1821.
1
ap.my Li
Crimea
1821.
1
my.jn Li
Tauria
1822.
1
3
3
1
1
Co
:
#
Eng. bot. 628

Eng. bot. 6'8
Blackw. t. 250
Jac. aus. 3. t. 268
Bot. cab. 317
Jac. coll. 1. t. 1
Mor.h.7.t.15.f30
Jac. aus. 3. t. 267
Jac. aus. 3. t. 219
Eng. bot. 1591.
Jac. mi.2.t.17.f3
Bot. mag. 714

Bot. mag. 23.25
Col. ecph.1. t. 906
Eng. bot. 811.
Eng, bot. 1370
Fl. graec. 1. t. 34
Col. ecph. 1..t.*
Mor.h.7.t.1.6.f.go
Mor.h.7.t.1.6.f31
Mor.h.7.t. 16.f.33
78. Valeriana. A word of uncertain import. Linnaeus derived it from a certain king Valerius. De This
thinks it altered from the verb watere, on account of its medicinal ualities. The species are generally orna
mental border plants, of easy culture in common earth, and preferring shady moist situations. V. dioica
has usually the stamens and pistils in separate flowers, situated on different plants. This species and
V. officinalis are considered medicinal, and prescribed in hysterical cases and habitual costiveness. Cats
are delighted with the roots, which are said to smell like the true Teucrium marum; and rat-catchers employ
the same qualities. V. trip
them to draw the rats together, as they do oil of anise. V. Phu has
teris derives its name from reas three, and *T*w, a wing, in allusion to * ternary position of its leaves,
-
ORDER I.
35
* I'vorescence panicled Spikelets solitary, 1-flowered. Lower paleae cartilaginous, compressed, teeled sta
mens frequently more than 3. (ORYzA.)
#17. Leersia. Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes O. Palee 2, beardless, keeled, compressed. Scales 2. Stamens
3-6. Stigmas very finely cut. Seed loose, inclosed in the paleae.
9. Shrubby. Inflorescence panicled. Spikelets many-flowered. Upper palea with two keels. (BA MBUsacea.)
218. Diarrhena. Glume 2-valved: valves navicular, rigid, the lower smaller, shorter than the florets.
Lower palea navicular, rigid, upper membranous, the edges broad, folded back. Scales 2, ovate, entire. Ova
rium with a hood. Seed furrowed, hardened, shining, loose.
219. Arundinaria. Glume, 5-7-flowered. Valves unequal, with stalked florets. Lower palea very acute,
upper bifid-toothed. Scales 3, smooth. Stigmas 3, feathery. Styles 3.
Order 3, TRIGYNIA.
**
220. Holosteum. Cal 5-leaved. Petals 5. Caps. sub-cylindrical, 1-celled, opening at the end, 6-va-ved,
many-seeded.
21. Polycarpon. Cal 5-leaved, 5-cornered. Petals 5, very small, ovate. Caps. 1-celled, 3-4-valved: valves
lanceolate, twisted inwards. Seeds many.
222. Lechea. Cal. 3-leaved. Petals 3, linear. Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved, and as many inner valves. Seed 1.
23. Eriocaulon. Common calyx an imbricated head.
Petals 3, equal.
Stamens above the ovarium.
224. Montia. Cal: 2-3-leaved. Cor. monopetalous, irregular, 5-parted. Caps. 1-celled, 3-valved, 3-seeded.
2-5.
226.
227.
228.
Mollugo. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. O. Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved.

Minuartia. Cal 5-leaved. Cor. O. Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds a few.
Queria. Cal. 5-leaved or 5-parted. Cor. O. Caps. 1-celled. Seed 1.
Knigia. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor. O. Seed 1, ovate, naked.
MONOGYNIA
544 Radical leaves spatulate ovate undivided; cauline pinnatifid, Stem crect, Flowers panicled dioecious
545 Leaves all pinnate: pinnae lanceolate-toothed, Stem hollow furrowed, Flowers corymbose
546 Cauline leaves pinnate, radical undivided, Stem smooth slender, Flowers corymbose
547 Leaves toothed radical cordate simple, cauline ternate ovate oblong, Leaflets lateral lanceol. Stem erect
548 Leaves oblong rather toothed; lower obtuse, upper acute, Stem erect, Flowers panicled
549 Leaves undivided entire obt. radical cuneate obl. cauline linear, Stem smooth ascending, Flowers racemose
550 Radical leaves lanceolate oblong entire, cauline pinnatifid, Stem smooth, Flowers pink corymbose
551 Leaves undivided, radical elliptical 3-nerv, entire and toothed, caul, linear, Stem erect, Corymbs racemose
552 Radical leaves ovate, cauline cordate sessile cut halbert shaped, Flowers racemose
553 Leaves cord. uneq toothed: lower simple, upper ternate and pinnate, Stem striated, Flowers corymbose
F'
554 Radical lvs. pinnated, Leaflets ovate coarsely toothed, caul.

downwards, Segm. lanceol. toothed
555 Leaves simple ciliated, radical obovate, cauline lanceolate, Flowers panicled
556 Leaves membranous pinnatifid, Segm. lanceol. : the terminal very large, Stem smooth, Flowers corymbose
557 Leaves rather fleshy pinnatifid, Segm, entire obt. of nearly one shape, Stem hairy in 2 rows, Flowers corymb.
558 Caps linear 3-toothed: the outer larger recurved, Stem smooth, Flowers in dichotomous spikes
559 Caps, naked globose compressed, Stem weak, Flowers in heads
560 Caps, polished ovate, Limb of the calyx short 3-5-toothed crowned, Stem smooth, Flowers corymbose
561 Caps, ovate villous, Limb of the calyx bladdered crowned, Stem a little villous, Flowers nearly in heads
562 Caps villous, Limb of cal. 6-10-tooth. crowned,Crown camp. Teeth longstraight, Stempulsese. Fls in heads
563 Caps, vill. Limb of cal: 10-12-rayed crowned, Crown rotate, Teeth long acute, Stem smooth, Flow. in heads
564 Caps, naked smooth cleft-keeled elongated, Stem weak, Flowers nearly in heads
565 Caps ovate angular hairy irregularly toothed, Stem angular, Flowers corymbose
-
566 Caps. pubescent naked at the end, Leaves spatulate oblong nearly cntire
567 Stem scabrous, Fruit ovate acute 1-toothed at the end pubescent
bos Caps. linear 6-toothed, Teeth hooked loose, Stem and radical leaves spatulate, cauline pinnatifid pubescent
Phu is the Arabic name of the species so called.

79. Patrinia. Named by M. Jussieu in honor of M. Patrin, an assiduous French botanist, who travelled
in Siberia, where all the species of the genus are found, and whence he sent home collections.
80. Jaleriancila. A diminutive of Valeriana, from which the genus has been divided. . v. olitoria (Va
leriana locusta, L.) Mache salade de prtre, Fr., corn salad or lamb's-lettuce, from its appearing in corn fields
about the time when lambs are dropped; furnishes an agreeable salad, the leaves tasting little inferior to
young lettuce. To have it early, it should be sown in autumn on a warm border. All the species are of
as easy culture as those of Valeriana.
2
-
86
CLAss III.
UMBRELLA-WoRT.
Nyctaginee. Sp.3-7.
viscid
r (ZWN cu 6 my.s P
Peru
1793. C l.
aggregate
cu 1 il.au Pk N. Spain 1811. S. s.1
$571 glabrifolia W. en. smooth-leaved a L^J cu 3 jlau P
N. Spain 1811. C. s.1
82. LOEFLI/NGIA. W. LOEFLINGIA.
Caryophylleae. Sp. 1-3.
572 hispnica W.
Spanish
O w
* jn
G
Spain
1770. S. s.l.
83. HIPPOCRATE/A. Hippocrate.A.
Acerinae. Sp. 1-10.
573 volbilis W.
climbing
* D or 20
V
S. Amer. 1739. C. p.l
84. CNEORUM. W.
Widow-wall.
Terebintaceae. Sp. 2.
574 tricccum W.
smooth
* L or 6 aps Y
# Eur 1793. C. p.1
575 pulverulntum Ven. powdery
* L or 6 aps Y
Madeira 1822. C. p.1
85. CoMoCLADIA. W. MAlpeN-PLUM.
Terebintaceae. Sp. 3-4.
576 Jy.
entire-leaved
D trn 15
W
amaica 1778. C. p.1
577 dentata W.
tooth-leaved
D trn 30 jl
W.
W. Indies 1790. C p.1
578 iliciflia W.
holly-leaved
CD tim 15
W
Caribee Is..1789. C. p. 1
86 XY"RIS. L.
XYRis.
Junceae. Sp. 3-26.
579 operculta B. P.
rush-leaved
all [Z\] pr1 jn.jl Y
N.S.W. 1804. S sp
580 breviflia P. S.
short-leaved will A pr
* jn.au Y
Carolina 1812. S. s.p
581 laevis Br.
smooth
* [A] prls jn.au Y
N. Holl. 1819.
87. CALI.1/SIA W.
CAllisiA.
Commelineae. Sp. 1-3,
582 rpens W.
creeping
2-[Z\] pri jn.jl
B
W. Indies 1776. R s-p
88. CoMMELINA. B. P. CoMMEliNA.
Commelinese. Sp. 1060. ,583 communis W.
Common
2- O or 2 jn.jl P.n America 1732. S. co
584 carolinina W.
Carolina
3- A or 2 jnji P.R. America 1732. Dr.m
585 africana W.
African
2- uv, or 1 myo Y
C. G. H. 1759. R r.m.
586 bengalnsis W.
Bengal
*... [A] or 3 jn
B
Bengal
1794. R sp
587 ercta W.
upright
a or 1
aus B
Virginia 1732. R s-p
588 virginica W.
Virginian
a or
a jn
B
Virginia 1779. R. sp.
589 longicallis W.
long-stalked 2- [A] or 3 au
B
Caraccas 1806. R s p
590 mllis W.
soft
2-[A] or 2 au
B
Caraccas 1804. R s-p
591 tubersa W. en.
tuberous-root. x [A] or 1, jn.jl B
Mexico 1732. R r.m.
592 coelstis W en.
sky-blue
y: [A] or 11 jn.jl B
1813. R. r.m.
89. ANEILE/MA. B. P. A.NeilleMA.
Commelineae. Sp. 3-12.
593 biflrum Br.
creeping
2- Lal or 1 jl.au B
N. Holl. 1820. R co
594 ambiguum Beauv. doubtful
y: C or 3
V
S. Leone 1822. Dr.m
595 sinicum Ker.
Chinese
y: UAJ or 1 myjn P.B. China
1820. Dr.m.
90. CAR1ONE MA.
CARtoNEMA.
Commeline e.
! ..
596 spictum
spear-leaved
[O] or
* jlau B
... Indies 1783. S s-p
91. ORTE'GIA. W.
ORTEGia.
Sp 9.
597 hispanica W.
Spanish
A w
* jn.j
Ap Spain
1768. D lp
598 dichtoma W.
forked
A w
* au.s Ap Italy
1781. D 1.p
92. POLYCNE/MUM. W. PolycNEMUM.
Chenopodeae. Sp. 2-12.
599 arvnse W.
trailing
J. Ow
* jl
Ap S. Europe 1640 S s.l.
600 recrvum Lois.
recurved
-k Ow
+jl
Ap France
1820. S. s.1
f03. CRO'CUS. Ker.
CRocus.
Iridea". Sp. 17.
601 vrnus E. B.
ring
* A or
* fap
P
England mea. O co
602 albiflrus Kit.
ustrian vern. 5 A or
* f.mr W
Austria
... O co
81. CALYME/NIA.
569 viscsa W.
570 aggregta Cav.
Bot mag. 434

Cav. ic. t. 437
Cav. ic. t. 379
Cav. ic. 1. t. 94
Jac. amer. t. 9.
Lam ill. t. 27
Vent. cels. 77
Slo.ja.2.t.222 f1
J, am.13.t-173.f4
Plum. t. 118. f. 1
Bot mag. 1158
Jac. am. 11. t. 11

-
Red. lil. 206

Bot. mag. 1431
Mur. got p.18.t.5
Di.el.94.t.77.f.88
P.al. 135t.174.f4
Jac. ic. 2. t. 294
Jac. ic. 2. t. 29.3
Bot. rep. 399
Bot mag. 1695.
Beauv.
ow. t.
15
Bot. reg. 659
*:
y:
S.
Cav. ic, 1. t. 47
All.taur.3.t-4.f.1
Jac. aus. 4. t. S65
Eng. bot. 344
57
81. Calymenia. So named from xaxw, a calyx, and wn, a membrane, on account of the membranous calyx
by which the genus is distinguished.
82. Laylingia. In honor of P. Loefling, a Swedish botanist, who published a volume of travels in Spain, &c.
These are plants of no beauty, and are only cultivated in botanic gardens.
83. Hippocratea. In honor of the celebrated Hippocrates, the father of physicians, born in the island of
Cos, who flourished 450 years before the vulgar aera. Plumier, who first fixed the genus, called it Coa, which
Linnaeus changed to its present name.
84, Cneorum. Kveow is a plant described by Theophrastus, as resembling the olive. This is a low yellowish
-
evergreen shrub, which like Veronica decussata, will endure our winters in the open air, with protection during
frost. It grows naturally in hot dry barren and rocky soils; thrives well in an artificial state in any light
earth; ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, or it may be raised from seeds, which it produces
in abundance.
85. Comocladia. Kown, hair, and 2x232*, a branch. The branches are tufted at the top of the tree. C. in
tegrifolia is a handsome tree with an erect trunk, dividing into few branches, adorned with pinnated smooth
leaves, like a frond; flowers numerous, fruit a deep red, shining, eatable, but not inviting. The wood is hard,
of a fine grain, and reddish color. If C. dentata be ever so slightly wounded, it emits a strong smell of dung:
it grows in Cuba, where the natives have a notion that it is dangerous to sleep under its shade. This genus is
not
frequent
British collections:
it thrives in loam and peat,* and may be propagated by ripened
cuttings
placed
under in
a hand-glass
in moist heat.
pe
-
ORDER 1.
- - - - - - -
- -
----- - -
=-
37
569 Villous viscid, Leaves cordate, Flowers racemose, Stamens longer than the corolla
570 Leaves lanceolate, Peduncles aggregate axillary solitary, Calyxes 3-flowered, Stem ascending
571 Leaves cordate ovate smooth, Peduncles terminal heaped, Stamens shorter than the corolla
572 Flowers triandrous monogynous, Leaves very small: lower linear, upper subulate
573 Leaves oblong-ovate lanceolate or elliptical serrated, Capsules oval
574 Smooth, Flowers axillary
575 Hoary, Leaves flower-bearing powdery, Petals and stamens 4
576 Leaflets stalked ovate-lanceolate entire
577 Leaflets stalked ovate-lanceolate prickly-toothed

578 Leaflets sessile angular-spiny
579 Leaves linear-subulate, Head globose many-flowered, Petals alternate pencil-shaped
580 Scape slender, Head globose
581 Culm 2-edged and leaves smooth very narrow, Head subovate, Scales imbricate on each side, Keel of the
glumes ciliate
582 Leaves ovate-lanceolate sessile, Stem procumbent, Flowers axillary sessile
583 Leaves ovate-lanc. nearly sessile acute with the creeping stem smooth, Involucr. cordate doubled together
584 Flowers uneq. Involucres cord. folded together at base with sheaths ciliated, Leaves lanc. sess. Stem decumb.
585 Leaves lanceolate sessile with the decumbent stem smooth, Involucr. cordate doubled together
586 Leaves ovate stalked obtuse, Involucres cordate hooded turbinate
587 Leaves ovate-lanceolate rough, Involucres hooded turbinate, Stem erect
588 Leaves lanceolate stalked rough above, Sheaths rusty, Stem erect simple
589 Leaves linear-lanceolate sessile rather hairy, Involucres ovate doubled together, Stem creeping
590 Villous, Leaves ovate stalked, Involucres # round folded in at the edge, Stem creeping
591 Leaves ovate-lanceolate sessile ciliated, Involucres cordate folded together, Stem erect
592 Involucres cord. acumin. folded together, Pedunc. pubesc. Pedicels smooth, Lvs. obl.lanc. Sheaths ciliated
593 Smooth, Stem creeping, Leaves lanceolate, Flower-stalks 2-flowered
594 Stem solid woody with distant leafy knots, Leaves long ovate acuminate fascicled villous
595 Stem branched diffuse, Leaves ligulate acuminate, Racemes alternate about 7 placed in a panicle form,
3 Stamens bearded 3-naked
596 Leaves lanceolate, Flowers panicled

597 Stem branching, Branches and branchlets opposite, Flower-stalks many-flowered
598 Flower-bearing branches dichotomous, Flowers solitary
599 Leaves subulate prismatic, Spiny at the end
600 Leaves subulate scattered spreading distinct somewhat recurved, Cal. nearly as long as capsules
1. Vernal.
601 Mouth of flower closed by hairs, Segments obtuse, Stigmas dilated, Flowers large early
602 Segments of flower quite entire obt. Anthers twice as long as the stigmas, Mouth of flower closed by hairs
86 Xyris. Xutos, acute. . Its leaf terminates in a sharp point, Under this name a plant is described by
Pliny, which resembles an iris. Pretty little rush-like plants with yellow flowers; uncommon in collections,
87. From zazes, pretty; a name aptly given to this plant, which is easily known by its shining
but easily cultivated, though rarely flowering.
leaves edged with purple.
88. &' P:named by Plumier, in honor of the brothers, John and Gaspar Commelin, botanists
and Dutch merchants. Some of the species, such as C. coelestis and tuberosa, are very showy herbaceous
plants; others are mere weeds. They are all easily cultivated in wet places in the stove or greenhouse, and
propagated by the rooting joints of their stem or by division of the roots, or by cuttings.
8. Ancienna. From 2, uxta, to evolve, the flowers being evolved, as it were, from the spatha. A genus
resembling Commelina, from which it is chiefly distinguished by not having its flowers enclosed in a spatha.
90. Cartonema. From xaeros, shorn, and www.x, a filament, in reference to the stamens. A plant resembling
Commelina.
91. Ortegia.
Madrid.
In honor of Casimir Gomez de Ortega, a Spanish botanist, and professor of botany at
An insignificant herbaceous plant.
--
92. Polycnemum. IIvs, many, xxxian, knee, on account of the number of joints of the stem. A decumbent
annual plant of no beauty,
# Crocus. A name given by Theophrastus. The story of the youth Crocus being turned into this flower,
may be read in Ovid's Metamorphoses. This is an ornamental genus of great value in the flower-garden, on
D 3
Ci ass III.
TllIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
38.
p
1629.
CO
oror ii f.mr
least
603
1110
Li\V S.Crimea
Europe 1629.

Bot.
minimus
versicolor Bed.
H. . party-colored
Hot mag.
mag. Mi
1629.
f.mr
oror ii f.mr
Scotch
ebiflfiis
.
.
Bot
Cab.
1454
W.br
Naples
1824.
f.mr
Neapolitan
tOf,
Ten,
mag. 62
Y Turkey ltU5.
Bot
oror iJ f.mr
ofvernal
gold
6t7 pusllue
susinus
. M.AT. doth
Bot Cab. 1822
...
f.mr Crimea 182
netted
reticultus
Bot mag. 938
oror ^ f.mr
09
stritue
Lk.
""pu
v.-....
w
striped
vernal
S.S. Europe
16j&
610 sulphOreue //. AT. sulphur-colored 5 or i 4 f.mr
mag. 451:184
Europe 1629.
168
Bot
palc-yello
(3fltms
Botgraic.1.
mag.
Turkey
oror i f.mr
f.mr
connnon-yell.
611
liteus
/-.
Greece ...
El.
i
f.mr
golden
612 lagenajflorui. Saliib.i. pule
Bot mag. t.35
Uli
Greece ...
oror 1 f.mr
fiavut
i
f.mr
pencilled
y
penicillatus
Hr. Iran 1 t6
starry-yellow or i f.mr
613 stcllaris Haw
Eng. mag.
bot. 3431267
England
tf ror i i S.0
eftffVon
614
sativus
S. Europe mea.
1629. .1 Bot.
s,n
autumnal
615
serotinus(V.//..AT.K. late
Eng. bot 41
mea.
V England
naked
autumn,
tf
or
I
an
616
nudiflonu
Kuseian autum. t or I . Li Crimea 1821.
(17 Pallium M.B.
. . G. H. 17 s.p Bot reg. .1
WirSEVlV.
+94. WITSE'NIA. Ker. downy-(lowered
4 Jridae.
Ii i.i \'
618
. .H. . corymbose iAJ
1. oror i 4>-s P.B . G. H. 1803. s.p Bot mag. 8
61
corymbsa
. 2030. H. 1796. e.p.1 Bot mag. 570
__
lrideer. So.
IXIA.
95.ffiOI'XIA.
W
5 lAJ or * ap.my
linearis .
H. .
V. C.- G.
G. H.
1774.
s.p.1
Bot
mag.
617
ap.my
i
i
AI
or
capillary
621
capiUril
tr 1774, s.p.1 Bot. mag. 1013
. G. R
ap.my Pk
lAJ oror 2 jii-jl
rose-colored
ft fucta
adica (
mag.
1379
Pk . G. H. 1779. O s.p.i
painted g-flow. tf6 iAJ
683
Ker.
p.l Bot
Bot.
mag. 52
ap 1' C.C. G.G. H.
.AI
or
624
patena
W.
O .p.l
Jac.ic2.t278
1779.
H.
wmte-nuwered
||
or
6*25
leucntha
P.
S.
e.p.l
Bot
mag.
624
1767.
C. G. H.
'AI oror 21 ap'my
626
//. A'. bend'.ng-stalkedt
1757.
Bot
mag.
127
ap.my Pk
W C.G.
spurious
tAJ
627 flexusa
hbridaH.Ser,
1757.
O s.p.1
s.p.1
Bot.
mag.
539
C.C. G.G. H.H.
1 I ap.my
orange-colored
tf
lJ
or
628
cnica
...
1792.
.p.l
Bot
mag.
607
H
monadclphous -] or i ap.my
629 crtn
monadtpha
H.
K.
H. 1792.
s.p.1
Bot.
mag.
1378
ap.my C.C. G.
Andr.
G.
H.
1790.
s.p.1
Bot
mag.
6S0
variegated
6; columellris
H. A'. pretty
Lk.
spotted
ft-Smaculta
W.
cream-colored
633 ochroleca
capitata P. S.
headed
5 lJ
6345 erecta
viridifira
P. S. . green-flowered
Upright
1] oror
H.
.
lAJ or
&IR crateroldes H, 1 crimson
History,
Ute,
Propfigatum,
', Hawortll, who has for thlltj vears
account
of the early
seasonto oftileflowering,
ami theTrims,
brilliancy
of am!
the flowers.
particular
attention
Crocus,
iHort.
i.
128.)
raised
varieties
from
seed, found
tli.it
the
Hue, purp
e, and
white
flowered
kinds,
ri|mied
their
sralsandmuch
muremany
readily
than
the yellow,
and that
the
leaves
ot
the
latter
were
narrower
through
all
the
species
Varieties.
When
this
genus'
is
in
flower,
germen
isonsituated
underground
almost
close
to thealaive
bulb,ground.
but someThisweeks
after the decav
ofof the
flower,theitis
emerges
a
white
peduncle,
and
ripens
its
seeds
extraordinary
mode
semination
peculiarly
conspicuous
nudiflorus, which
flowers
autumn,
and tothrows
up its germen
me
following
spring
likemthe.beColchicum.
Though
somewithout
species
ofleaves
Crocusin are,
or appear
1, naturalizes!
in isa
lew
places,
yet
they
cannot
considered
as
aboriginal
natives.
Anient
affirms
the
C.
sativus
the saffron,
indigenous
m
Savoy
;
but
Bay
says
nothing
is
certain
as
to
its
native
country.
Professor
Martyn
considers
Asia aunisit
as its native
having name
there lirst
ucuuired
high reputation
in medicine,
which it and
has
now,
lost
incountry,
Europethissallrnn
The
Arabic
Zafarn,
and that
the Moorish
amiis Spanish
terms
Azafrn
oaira,
seem
to
conhnn
opinion.
C.
vcmus,
the
Ufr
prmlanicr,
ft.,
a
native
of
Switzerland
and
uaiy.andlM,n;'t,*l>ccics
is commonly lound
whiteMiller
flowersdescribes
and a punileba.se.
Some four,
imtantsts
it and
SSiS."
ofMart.
thewith
genus.
Willdcnow
SirParkinson
J.consider
E Smithcertainly
three,C. cultivated
assativus
nativesas
WJZ.
ZT* i Haworth
Tram.
L 132.)
no fewer four,
than
thirteen
suertes.
vir?,*!
.
.
'
m
""'
klK>'n
in
collections.
Crocus
vcmus
and
versicolor,
produce
by
cultivation
yUr. \ ",
Mh aslieen
to size,
andinto
marking.
C. insativus,
theofsaflfon.
and Gcr.,
toand
\v,i,!.?.
' 'lMJH;y''
first color,
brought
theIt time
lvlward.Sitffrnn,
ill., andFt.introduced
(^mI
ri.l., 'iT"l',c',
" "*, ''liavo
t0"" 11 altera-ara.
gaveIn-ginning
the England
.
was
abund.-.ntlv
cultivated
there,
Iinf tile
I,,
Su,,,llk'
Herelordshire,
in
the
of
the
17th
centurv
;
but'
the
article
is
nowand
'w oiri. i '
S??" cheaiier in foreign markets, that at present the cultlire of saffron is confined
tosoa
vcrv
stifl-.
b,
I,
V'",'
W
"'
bultM
are
plant!
in
July
in
a
well
pulverised
soil,
not
poor
nor
the row
''Part across
the ridges,
three their
inchesyellow
bulb from
bulbandina
nart
rih.-i 'i1""'y, arf
' 1 are"' Kr"lv'
'tl'ored mrh"
in Septcmlier
and carriel
home,andwhere
stigmas
ic style arc picked out and dries! on a kiln between layers of paper, and under the pressure of a thick
O.DH I.
TRIANDEIA MONOGYNIA.
39
[anthers hatti.h jagged

I , h.ay, AMhcn longer than the .tigm.
p risrrciiiu-uloureil Howrn
ir keel blunt : ode nerveto,. Flower in the un campnula, ttoLUt.
afcl^''"*^ "enate at the i/"""""'"Si&W
tllh the wen,
'""*'" * Ura
l Stam. a. long a. the truncate .tigm.,. Flower Urge
RLuBCDti united in a tube ' ^'P^18 not divided lower than the base of the anthers
JJplimcnu united at bue
"apannate, Migrons longer than antherj
average
eroproots
of anareaere
^T3.w,_
" next !"-'" After the ththird
crop the
takenafterup, the
dii
^, "".'.leine.nddomM;
nonnra!'. " the art., rere formerly ery various. It is now
cream.,
bis,
arietit id Uhm
wan,
ve. at pleuurc by
-"i. Kft I"!?1' ,n "Ott these immediate
11Ii 11itmil
alt j B>aun!CCd
it.wrond
light earth,then
ill
arth
tr..
tumii,
and
the
' if "Kau ,01 .J, another
half
,v"
"'Ch
hint
autumn,Afterwards
anil the take
following
the midit
of theirof eartl
four
uf
leaves.
they
may
ichmbbery,
in patches,
as fancy
new |
informed
OD tune
therows,
tonIWofortothe
oldsurface,
one,mayit
they
a
short
the
M; * " luiT*'": nc*
' ,!
underthird
the oldyear,one*,afterthesinkleaves
the [liants,
*'* ", ken up every
decay,
ndweaker
not later
than
mihcimas.
The
longer
and
flower
the
later.
In
this
way, they
and
to
flower
at
midsummer
or
later
;
and
they
may
J1
^ ,*-"o,ernlV.;
1'1'-".'
fancy,
pots
called
cat*,
hedgehogs,
\c.
common
in
"
ofMr^
0'
"1"
than
the
one*. patron of bntaniral science, andtheof
. ""mu ..n.l Ali ,,
l'util, ,.,]
.,_1
inblueIndia,
Wrefib/^W^b*
p"^Mhu.,
'""1' "con.ut
l""ofhanitom
botanic
reous and
"taft ,'"*. Tnl, ""nta
Part in tSai ,;
LIraa Vjinbnth...
iJr^S^W^lSSlS '"" ^''Wlwi from each ,
no a, hle ^J weft , open border.
TKIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
40
weet-tMnted tf lAJor 1 jiLf Lv. . G. H.
637 retnta . A*.
G. R 1787.
638
scillr.Al. curled-leaved
quill-flowered tftf lAJ
lAJ oror 11 )a.f
ia.f
639 crispa
ap.my Va
. G. H. 1787.
96.640TRICHONETHA.
Ker.
Triciionbma.
Iridece.
Sp.
6.
bulbocdium
channel-leaved
oror 4 mr.ap R S.C. Europe
fi-H
crucitum
II.. //..\ A.', caulescent
square-Ichved tftftf iAJ
G. H. 1739.
1758.
jn.jl
" Y CG.
642
caulsccns
lAJ
or
i
H.
64-i
pudk-um
B..M.M.
tf tAJ
oror -J *au
RR CG.
H. 1810.
1808.
644
^.ccisum
crimson
lAJ
mr.ap
G.
H.
i'A n'.wum M.
-coloured tf lAJ or #jl Pk C. G. R 1808.
1808.
97.646GEISSOKHI'ZA.
Tile-Root. tf lAlor I Iride.
rochensis II. Ker.
plaid
my
C.
G.
H.
usa
647 jncea
IJc.
rushy
tftf iiAJ
Al oror 1 jn.jl
C.C. G.G. H.
1822.
648
setcca
.
M.
bristle-leaved
1
jn.jl
H.
189L
640
obtusta
//.
.
yellow-flowered
tf
iAJ
or
1
my
C.
G.
H.
1801.
OSO
sec.nda
.
.
one-sided
tf
lAJ
or
J7'G.
1
my
C.
G.
H.
651 excisa II.s.rf.*.
short-leaved
tftf iAJ
C. G. H.
652cilirU
ciliated
lAJ oror 1 .my
.my
CG.
H. 1789.
98.653HERPERA'N'THA.
Ker. Evbvivo-Flower.
radita ../.A'.
nodding-flower,
tf iAJ or I Iridfee.
ap.jn
CO.
1794
654
pilosa
hairy
tftf iAJ
C.CG.
G. H.
H.
1811
65 graminiftia
Sweet, grass-leaved
iiAJ
AI ororor iijj ap.my
au.s.
H.
18. &
6"iti
falcta
II.
K.
sickle-leaved
Y
tf
ap.my
G.
H.
657 cinnammea H. K. curled-leaved f lAJ or ap.my V . G. H. 1787.
17S7.
t99.658SPARA'XIS.
Kcr. three-coloured
Sparaxi
Iridca?.
tricolor
H.
K.
tf
i
Al
or
1
my
fr*'
.
G.
H.
178a
saneuineo-purpurea
variotu-cotoied tf i Al or 1 ap.my Hp G. H. 1811.
violceo-purpurea dark-colored
V.p C. G. H. 1811.
tftf LAJor
bicolor
'->
light-colored
iAI
or 11 J ap.my
ap.my
1811.
l'k G. H.
659
.
.
two-colored
f
lAJor
mr.ap
1781
6tJ grandiflora II. . purple-flowered tf iAI or 5 ap PH V G.
G.G. H.
H.
1758.
y striata
streak-flowered
tf
Al
or
i
S!
H.
1738.
liliago
lAJ
C.
G.
H.
661 bulbfera II. . iUy-flowered
bulb-bearing iAJ or * my.jn
G. H. 17..
1758.
V30.662TRITO'NIA.
Ker. Tritonia.
bidets.
S. G. H. 1787.
crispa
.
curled-leaved
tf
iAb>r
\
ap.my
6*1 rsea
viridis ..AT.:.
green-flowered tf lAJor Jjl
1784.
G.
H.
66+
tftf lAJ
or
41 jn.jl
G.
H.
17!.
665
capnsis ...V.. rosy
Cape
lAJ
or
au.o
C.
G.
H.
1811.
66G longiflra
lung-flowered
LAJor
11 ap.jn
ap.jn
C.C. G.
H.
1774.
667 tenuiflra
.
slender-tubed
lAJ
or
G.
H.
1811.
cncolor Sweet
lAJ or ap.jn
C.C. G.G. H.H. 1811.
rrochnsis
. M, Mclf-caU*red
bending.flower.
tftf lAJ
or 1 au
1SU.
pllitla
Ker.
pale-flmvered
lAJor
au
C. G.G. H.
li.
668
linala
H.K.. pencilled
Utf lAJ
oror
H.
1774.
669
securlgera
copper-colored
lAJ
i*
my
C.
G.
H.
1774.
670
flva
.
".
yellow
tf
lAJ
or
17811.
G.
H.
671 squaida H. . sweet scented tf iAJ or I f.mr
.
CG.
H.
1774.
672
fenestrate
.
.
open,flowered
lAJ oror 1J my.in Y C. G. M. 1811.
673
crocita II...*.
crocus-flowered tftf iAI
17
674
tftf lAJ
oror i i my.jn
my I1 'llIill G.
G.G. H.
H.
1774.
675 deista
minila . *. potted
late-flowered
iAI
i
au
H.
1795.
676 refracta Ker.
reflexed
tf lAJ or 1 my.jn Y G. H. 1615.
I0L,WATSO'N,A- Ker- WAT80MA.
Iridea.
677 spicta
lt. II. K. hollo' leaved tf lAI or \ my
H.
68
plantaRtnea
tftf iAJ
tAJoror 2 jn.jl w G.
H.
67!)
.. A'.M. fox.tail
dotted-flowered
I1 jl.au
p.my Vl'k C. G.
G.
680 punctata
rseo-lba
two-colored
tf
iAJ
or
C.C. G.G. H.
H.
oariegata
variegated
tf
,AJ
or
1
jl.au
St
681 marginta II. . bmad-lcaved tf lAJ or 3 jn l'k G. H.
shining-leaved tf iAJ or 3 Pk C. G. H.
H. 1774.
1812.
95
PA
97.
98.
Class III.
O ..1
s.p.l Bot
*. 5t
62)
Bot
O s.p.1
Bot mag.
mag. 99
..1
Rot
mug.
265
Bot.
mag.
575
..1
..1
Bot.
mag.
1392
B.p.l Bot.
mag.
1244
s.p.1
..1
Bot
mag.
1476
Bot mag. 1225
R s.p.1
Bot mag. 598
s.p.1 Bot
B.p.1
..1 Bot
Bot. m.mag.
mag.597.1255
672
s.p.l
s.p.l Bot mag. 5841105
s.p.1
O s.p.1
sp.I Bot
mag.
573
Bot
mag.
1475
a.p.1
s.p.l Bot
Bot mag.
mag. 566
1254
s.p.l Bot mag. 1051
s.p.1
s.p.l Bot
Bot m.mag.
mag. 381
1482
s.p.1
a.p.1 Bot
Bot m. 1482.
1482. f.f. 32
s.p.1
Bot mag.
mag. 548
s.p.l
s.p.1 Bot
Bot mag. 541
779
s.p.l
Bot.
reg. 52545
..1 Bot mag.
s.p.1
Bot mag.
678
1275
s.p.1
s.p.1 Bot
Bot mag.
mag. 61.4
s..1
p.l Bot
mag.
1531
Bot mag. 256
s.p.1
s.p.1 Rm.ia4f.maj.
B.m.l5llif.min.
B.p.l
Bot mag.
1503
Jacic.
r.2.t.26!
s.p.l
s.p.1
s.p.1 Bot
Bot mag.
mag. 487
383
s.p.1
reg.
s.p.1 Bot
Bot
mag.747714
581
s.p.1
Bot mag.
s.p.1
Bot
mag.
184
Bot mag
622
B.p.1
s.p.l
Bot
mag.
609
s.p.1 Bot reg. 135
s.p.1
s p.l Bot
Bot mag.
mag. 523
553
s.p.1
Bot
rcp.
s.p.1 Bot
mag.
iiiig 1775S7
s.p.l
Bot.
mag.
1193
..1 Bot. mag. 98

s.p.1 Bot mag. 1530
Irla Derived f
, Vie, Propagation, (Wn,
Tricn<mmm. CS S1 R,x.H allusion i? ,hc ,d
of the roots ofsome spo.
.
"Xl',~ Vo A^rt'^^""- thc "bmient,
being
balrr.
HciprrMa. From
SLTSS?
nd LV'0*
bm.
5.1
i^ntr, evining, and
,3, a (lower, m reference
to the.i.:-,limea root
the flowers exp
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNTA.
tigmue
splitStigmas
gaping funnel-shaped
e concave.
Leave linearnmed
imeti channelled
10 Radical
Leste,
at thenhre
edge of epathe convolute rigid, Flower turbinate, Segment*
o_ lane
lenes withinflated
* thickened
furrow*,
1
twined,
at Anthers
base,Outer
ery large ipreading, Scgtn. with a black mark al the base,
Stamms
beardedat
baie,
connate
6HLamUncu, (cryScapeslong,1-flowcred,
flowers veiny,
long stalks, flower
Edge ofgpathe membranou
bumfilifcrm,
shorterspreading
than theoncampanulaie
ttiLearandicalline.iracutc,
Stemimooth,
rmwoth,epathe
a littlescarious
honey-
the batethan
flowerobL
; Lmt tiifom. Stem few.flow.
muchatlonger
tube,divisions
Segmenteofthe
of flower
Stimplefew-flowered,
Radical
leaves
bristly
Hitucil are*iform-lineal
hnear-arute.
Stemobtuse
villous
1CDRadicallearn
Lwhealleaves ovte
oblongonlyby
Adoubtfulspecies,
known
name
53Lents
fistulous
6 Leibear
Leanslinear with
hairy.
Stemsmooth
smooth
Radicallenefalcate
smooth
ladcaiIme fkale curled
a spotted, Limbofflower regular
rpotted.lmbLimbofflower
of flowerregula*
bilabiate
apstbeilined,
: segments ovate-oblong
%thei bned, Limbofflower regular : segmenta elliptical
!i^"ied
"**mh*Sppncnt
offlower flat
?* Tnmd:
membranous
5tfiW
iL, , 55!
*|*!,
Tube: ofthe
flower
very long.tagest,
Upperthe
segment
largest
Pelted, Hower striped
Upper
segment
rest
linear
1Zw.lLV"
Tubemembranous
very
long,erect
Segment
ofthetube,
limbSegm.
equalofoblong
the."obtuse
nm in two Mootlicd,
rows, Spathea
shorter than
the limb linear
St*
"tlhehue
S fe8*1"' **>
~? **tan |, ,,,,, ,
' 'hc " toward, the

^ ^'ha er 'hon- L " -
* *lCla'
-^
* Flower funnel.
Ii. 73 ^ \
. ".cm!. W. hrcviruli ha. in 1>1,..M
Class III.
TRIANDRIA MONOGYN1A.
4-J
.
G.
H.
upright-flower, tf lAJor 21 injl.au Itp C. G. H.
682 strictiflra . M. initial
683
rsea
. AT.. '. shrt-leaved tftf iAIr
1794, o 9,p.l Bot mag. ll
O. H.
iAJ or 1 my F C.CO.
684
hrcvi'lia
1795. O s.p.l
H.
iris-Leaved tftf |AJ
683flgida
irirtifliaSiil.Jaca. scarlet
s.p.1 Jac.
Bot ic.mag.2. t234
. 17l.
lAJ or 2*-1 my ItP .C. G.. H.
1750. ..1 Bot. m. 4l8.11!4
tt iAJ
<>r
U
'*
68;i merutna II. A!. ml-flowered
1754. ..1 Bot. m. 631 11:0
iA) or 2 my.jl L C.C. G.G. H.
lake-colored
687
.
H. 1774. O s.p.l Bot mag. 441
alctris-likc
688jS hmUia
tetroldea
riegated-fiom. tt lAJor
lAI ox l\ my.jl
m)' j' stSSt CG. H. 1774. O s u.l Bot. mag. 533
vartegata
Iridcx. Sp. 11 C. G. H. 1774. O ap.l
Rabiana.
102.(89BABIA'NA
many-spiketl
tftf iAJ
iAJ oror i 4>
Thunbrgii AVr.
/t. Bap'mji-tioweretl
1752.
O 8.p
Com.
hr. 1.8471 41
C.C. G.G. H.
my.jn
(2X1
ringen
H
A.
1774.
s.p
Bot mag.
mag.
H.
tulie-flowcrcd tftf iA|or
lA] or 5 in
691 tubflra
W
1774.
O
s.p
Bot
i
G.
H.
long-tubed
tubta W, . /. Atilflleave* tf lAJor U"
O 8.p
Bot
mag.
638
. G. H. 1801.
692
ipathcoa
1799s.p
Bot
mag.
1019
. .
H.
i a]>.my
5tf |
693
Mmbudna
. . elder-scented
1774.
O
s.p Bot.
Bot. mag.
mag. 57ii
686
G.
H.
Ji jn.jl
lAI
r
two-ranked
694
daticha
M.
1774.
.
G.
H.
my.jn
lAlor
,.
,.
,.
eweeUsL'cnted
695
plicta
H. ALA1757. OO s.p
tftf 11
B.W
upright
896
strlcU
s.p Bot
Bot m.mag.6211053
1] orr 1 J mv.jn
my.jn
YD.R C.C-C. G.G.G. H.
H. 1795.
697
suljihrea
H.K. pale-tiowercd
1778. s.p Bot.
au
H.
tftf lAJ
or
dark-red
698
villsa
.
.
Bot mag.
mag. 583
410
699 rubro-eynea . '. red and blue iAJ or I ap.jn . C. G. H. 1794.
103.700LAPEYRtrUSIA.
AVr.
Lapeyrolsia, iAJ or iIridae.
Bot
mag.
595
Lp
1791.
my.jn Sp. 2. .C. G.. H.
corymbst
II.
.
levcl-lopped
H. 18U9- . Bot mag.
701 tissiflia . M. leafy spiked t lAI <>r i
10*.702MELASPrLE'UULA.
Ker. Mei,asph*:hi l\.or 1 Irvle. GSp. 2. C. G. H. 17*7. s.p Bed. m. JfiS
703 gramnea
iridiflia I).D. .C. grass-leaved
iris-leaved tt iAJ
iAl or 1 .au Y.o G. H. 1787. s.p Bot mag. 615
t*l05.
GLADI'OLUS.
Ker.eearlet-flowered
Corn-Klac,. 5 iAJ or * Irittc. ^cg. H. 1756. ..1 Bot mag. 313
S704
Cunonia
.
A'.
G H 1791. O 8-p-l
Bot. m.4o0.
583
705 Watsnius H.K. four-channelled
Watson's
tftf iAl
oror 21 mr.ap -Da
7u6quadrangulriaH.A'
lA)
YBr.y C.L.-- G.G. H.H." 17').
1787. .
8.pL1 Bot.
Ik>t mag.
mag. 5n7
i8
707
vipertus
.
Al
]>erfumed
tf
iAt
or
J
ap.my
1795.
Bot
mag. 586
""*>
-** . .V
winged.flower, tf LAJor \ my.jn O.u .. G.G. H.
78
1800. O e.p.l
S-p-1
Bot
rnag.
:'!^!-.6
helmet-flower, tf tA) or j my.jn O.u c. g. H.
7ii9 alatus
nam.iqunsis H.K. short-leaved
sp.1
not
m.727.5/4
h: 182.
lAI
or
1!
d.ja
Pk
710
brevifus
.:
1795.
f.pJ
B"t
mag.
C.C. G.
H.
hairyioue-eolorcd tft lAJ
or
I*
ap.jn
Pk
711
h1rsitus
'.
17;>k
O
s.p.1
Bot
mag.
H. ISiMi. l p.1 Bot mag. i 1048
712/3 versicolor
H.M.Al two-nerved tf tAJ
H
C.C. G.
G.G. H.
iAJ oror 141} my.jn
my.jn Br
binrois
.
reg. 1691504
H. ihu; s.p.l
W
eatable
tft tAJ
cul
H1 my.jn
713
s.p
l Bot
Bot mag.
V C.CL G.G. H.
tAJ
or
ap.my
714 tkiulis
hasttusKer.. M. epade-spotted
O
i.p.1
Bot
mag.
272
1745. O 9.p.l Par. lond. 8
Sfiuare-leavetl tftf AJ
or 1 my.jn Br.Y
715 tristia
M.
C. G. H.
H.
1790.
scif-colored
cncalor. Sal.
Bot mag.
148.)
1S10. O i.p.1
H.
tf Al
iAJ oror 1 my.jn
my.jn YY C.C. G.
716trichoncmifliue6.H
violct-scented
Bot.
mag. 5S
G.
H.
1800. a.p.l
elender
t
iAJ
or
2
mr.ap
F.W
717 grcilie . K.
..1
Hot
mag.
57
17."S.
C.C. G.
H.
epotted-eheath.
tf
tA]
or
2
ap.my
Sl
718
recrvus
.
K.
Bot. mag. 591
1796. O s.p:l
tftf iAl nror 2U my.jn
719
cmeus . A'. A'. esh-colored
ap.my EW.Br .. G.G.
. H.
H. 1774.
1733.
tall
720
H.
s.p.
s.p.l BoL
Bot mag.
mag. 6>
tf
lAJ
or
I**
blush
721 cuspultus
blndus
H.
K.
C.
G.
H.
17!(4.
-p
i
Bot
rep.
L.P
campaiiultus
P.
S.
bell-flowered
tf
iAJ
or
C.
G.
H.
17
>7.
s.p.l
Bot
mag.188(KJ2
1,!
mv.jn
Y
'23 angustua . . narrow-leaved
tf
lA)
or
CG.
H.
1757.
s.p.1
Rot:he.<lisVî..,
1
my.jn
Pk
involute
tf
iAJ
r
724
involfitus Ker.
17tS>. s.p.l
Bot mag.
538
1 ap.my Pk C.. G.G. H.
tftf lAJ
725 undultus
. . wave-flowered
Ci G H.
iAl oror 1 my.jl
726
floribndus
. . large-flo
H 1788.
1751 8-i>.I
s.p.l Hot
Bot mag
mag. 610
H32
ap.my
Miller'sflowered tftf lAlor
727
Millri
.
'.
. G. H. 1629.
1789. .
..1 Bot.
Bot mag.
mag. S7+
135
22 jl.au
1).
lAJor
728
cardinlis
.
.
'l*urkey
tftf lAJor
72:)
byzantnus
. .'.
Europe 1596.
..1
Bot
ir-"
P S,S. Europe
22 jn.jl
jn.jl
iAJ
r
730
communis
r.719
l&*i s.p.1 Bot i '
tf lAJor jn.jl
731 sgettun . *.
IridCiT.
Sp.
1.
106. ANOMATHE'CA. '(. Anomatheca. or i ap.my Li C. G. H. 1791. s.p.1 Bot mag. 606
Culture,
of a mlcaciom hue, glittering in the History,
sun, andUse,
not Propagation,
to be represented
by art W. iridifolia i a shewy bora
flower
ofBa/tina.
a month'sAduration.
W. mexicana
is also
very
shewy, and
has kidnev-haped
bulbs.which the J"'
102.
name
barbarously
derived
by
Mr.J.B.Ker
name food
luibinirr,
colonists at the Cape have given to the plant, because its roots arcfromthethe
favourite
of baboons.
B. nngt
na*HIS.dark-red
bulbs. So named by Mr.J.B.Ker, in honour of Lapeyrouse the celebrated and unfortunate Iren
lAipi-yrousia.
navigator.
<>,. I.
THIANDRIA MON'OGYNIA.
itHTiUotH, Flnwers rincent

.... ..liU.
U|JpCT
SC wren
Tut*inform twice thelongthroat
ai themarked
regularwith
limb;tduxei
Segments
obtuse
alternate
thu
linear
loiiKitmiiri.il
spot
oiot
Leu
rtitbh
.uiaibus
plaited,
Flowers
distichous,
Segments
alternately
curled
^
length
ofthe
tube
nearly
equal,
the
alternate
ones
wary
:
1
upi*T
CODTOlutC at UtC end
*iHwcn
fuourLh,ip(4l,
regular
Segment*
scarcely
lunger
than
the
tube,
hat
(Pi iwpoaiiitLformthelength
nf flower tiliofthe
as longregular
as theeampanutote
tube
ftfihT*
Lab muchspreading, Segments
rhomboidal
spottedlimb
at the: alternate
base segments obtuse with a point
")Hormcorymbose,
Stamen*much
spreading
?JI rimen solitary
MTuutTmihoit,
Scapepanirlcd,
leaves linearrathershorter
scape
**miipieJ, ScapeSegm.weak,nearlySpikesequalcapiLariataic,
flemoso,
Leave* aword-sliaped
smooth dut. shorterthanthantheseal*
Whates linenisiform, Upper; ribson
segmenteachside,
offlowerThroat
very long, lower
very
nall loncer than -vein, oflimb
flower
cylindrical,
g?J/neliM(rMniormwitti
teorncred
lfurrowed,
of flowerofthe
veryuvatespread,
long, lower
very
small subulate
4Vr'*.
offlower*)isL
divar.L'pper
incurv.segment
let rlioinlwshapcd
lower*pL
acute hanging down
iff 4>".n offtl.. vaulted,
coot recurved,
lateral rhomb-shaped
lower
spat,spat,annum,
hangiiiiia point
down
Wlppawm-off
tot rhoinb-shaped
ovale sprc:mLovate
lowerspread,
banking
down
obtusewith
^'jW.leljuBiwithi single linear pubescent leaf, Flowering bulb leafless, Flowers subringent
'L.- ' Lavalineareniifurai
i* W4I'1,*'f"nn .(.ribbed
puliexent,on each
Flowersnearly
regularofflower longer than the throat
side, Segmenta
, 61UL11on lxrth tide*, Segments of flower ^datc
i|3[TBifnbi
linear
..I....13Ime
my
longlinear
glaucous:
nerves
prominent
dlpteoftwcrjpin. ft diorter Segment*
than thcspatha,
ovate obtuse: the-J lower with a hastate spot
Uoraeredi-furrowed,
offlowerSegmenU
nearly equal
'TAUm Sdemlerupright Uomcred, Spike fld. 1-sidcd, Fl. funnel-shaped nearly equalsomewhat nodd.
-Ni"
'mtilt lhtCUBC"n^
nerve nearlyradical
obsolete
:rL'rtfi
Une.luiorw.th
.1 nb on each*iv
suieribl*d,
in themiddle
middle,
s]>ottedlowest very narrow hang, down
..thantpathe.Op,sog.
widerthanrat,
convoi,Sheaths
and recunr. atend;
*'i"rea*long
v*thesegmento
ofthe
limb
which
are
acuminate
wavy and rcflexed
^ lit* ihirtcrth,in the patria.ScapeLimb
subhngtnt
upperthe-gm.
lowercamparraUtC
narr, slutted
;-l'elwc4kitetiniM.iH,
aboutcampan,
Lflowered
longer :than
leaves,concave
Mower; the
nearly
* ljiaha nb (4ic*c sidein the middle, Tube longer than the spatlia, the lower tegmenta Witt
pot T0WI) Porter than epalha, Segm. lane, thelat rolled inwards at edge
:-lNir**"
U*r r.riiamt'-J,lPib.[
lmilllf,m,wo
mlvt
funnel-shapeil,
Segment* wavy, three lower nearly halfas short as the others
- twl
trtturbm.der-mprinutote,
ct|ual :inupper
length,narrower
upper widest
camp,.nuble, Segments Segments
etjiial in length
than the lateral ODM
i
T
,wic
,illei,>
thri*
lower
segment*
marked
with
a
white
spotedged linear lane Uut
SS-W4lpper (. covered by bter.d ones; the lower markedlanceolate
by a white
fi2!
gf1* wfcredby
lat ones;
by a white
large
, Lppcrsegm.
divaricating,3
loweralower
nearlymarked
equal, marked
withlta.-ltUJC
a whitepot,
edgedlowestvery
bn. lanr. spot
^^^^^^^-^
-,.
Class III
+107.733ANTHOLY'ZA.
Ker Antholyia. S iAJ or S my.ju '" G.G. H. 175a s.p.1 Bot mag. 561
arthipica
oittigera U.K. flag-leaved
ribband
iAJ or S ja.f . G. H. ... ..1 Bot mag. 1172
Hcnnodorace. Sp. 2. 1787. R s.p
108.73*XIPHI'DIUM.
W
Xiphidium.
]
lbum W. W.
white
* E1 __or ,1}1| ... BW W.Indi
Guiana 1/93. R . Aub.gui. 1. tll
735carileum
blue
* ^mer.18IS, d,
LOI
lOa
LEPTANTHUS.
Mich.
Lnthi
s.
$7.46 rcnifrrois If. kidney-leaved 1 jn.au Y N. Amer. 1823. D aq Hook. ex. fl. t94
/37 gramlneus Vald. grassy
Uarmodorace.
Sp. 56. D r.m Bot. mag. 1060
110.738WACHENDOR'FIA.
Ker. Wachkndorfia
thyrsiflra W.
tall-flowered
^ iAJ oror 22 mv.jn
f
YY CGH.
G. H. 1759.
1700. D r.m Bot. mag. 616
73!)
paniculfita
W.
panicled
1
in
Y
C.
G.
... DI> r.m
r.m mag. 614
740
graminca
W.
grass-leaved
J lAI
uror Uin V CG. H.
H.
1687.
741
hirsuta
W.
hairy
iA)
1
.
P
.
G.
H.
1795.
D r.m Bot.
Bot mag. 1163
742 breviflia . short-leaved !1 or
llamador.cea!.
Sp.
16.
111.743H-EMODtXRUM.
Sm.
H^modorlm.
1810.
S
s.p
Bot r. ;. 1610
planifolium B. P. plain-leaved lAI or lAjLn N. S. W.
Iridea.
Sp.
5.
Aristea.
112.744ARISTE'A.
Ker.
S
s.p
mag.
458
1759. s.p Bot
4 ap.jn . G.G- H.
woolly-headed iAJ
Bot
mag.
605
H. 1790.
iAJ oror 31 jUll
745 cynci
capitata H.H.ALK. tallest
B.p
Bot
mag.
1795.
ap.my
P.B1
C.
G.
H.
spiral-flowered
lAI
or
746
spiral
" H.K.H. . three-colored iAI or 1 myjD P.Bl C. G. H. 178ft e.p Bot mag. 520
1277
747
s.p
Bot
mag.
1231
18U
flat-stemmed iAI or ijn-'jl . G. H.
748pusllla . M.
Sp.
3113. DILA'TRIS. Ker. broad-petalled
Dilatris. iAI or 1 Hmodoraceee.
Ex.
bot
1.
1790. SS .p
P CG.
H. 1795.
749 corymbsa W. clammy
Lam.
ill.am.t 4341 16
C.N. G.Amer.
H.
s.p
iAJ
ordy jl.au
750
viscosa
W.
Mich.
1812.
S
sp
lAI
3/51 Heritira Pert. dyers
-. lAlor 1 Iridece.
t*U4.
LiSp. Chili 1822. s.p Bot. mag. 2382

Ixa-like
(752brodi-'.
ixiodes Sims.
Iridejr.
iRlft.
f!15.753l'RIS.
Ker,
15P R 5.1 Bot mag. PI
22 mr.ap
StWS, levant
Chalcedonlan,
eusina
W.W.
S.Germany
Europe 1596.
mag. 670
671
my.jn
Florentine
754
florentina
1571 RRR p-1
Bot
Bot
3
my.jn
German
755
germnica
W. pale
Bot mag.
mag <>
I,v Turkey 1596.
2 mv.jn
Turkey
7.6
pallida
W.
1818.
R
Red.
hl.
375
yellowish
757
flavscens
179a R CO Bot mag. lau
1 my.jn
my.jn YLb China
red-leaved
758
orientlis W.Red.
S.S. Europe
1658.
R Bot mag. 187
42 jnap L.B
elder-scented
759
sambucina
W
Europe
1758.
Br Europe 1768. RR Botmag-6a).9
dingy
76()lrida
W.W.
22 jnmy.jn StSt S.Hungary
brown-flowered3
761
squlens
Huntrary 1597. R i Bot
Bot. mag.
mag. 787
M3S
variegated
762variegta
W.
P.Bl
2 my.jn
neglected
763
neglecta .
1819. R Bot r 870
ap.my W
Swert's
764 apklla
Swrtii Lam.
Europe 1596.
I PV S.Portugal
765biflra
W.B. M.H. K. two-flowered
151. RRR
p.l Bot. mag.
1130
double-bearing
5i orOIor 1 i ap.my
766
sub-biflra
N.
Amer. 1756.
mag.
412
my
St
crested
767
cristta
W.
China
R p.l
Bot
Bot
mag.
373
J my.jn P.B Hungary 1792:
^_
or
768
chinnsis
W.
1802.
Bot
reg.
549
Br
769
arenaria f.en. and
Germany
174S.
R
p.1
Red.
DLL
963
ilin
ap.my
Y
pale-yellow
770 lutscens
1814. Reo
YP Siberia
bright-yellow
771
flavisemaH A".W.
Austria 1596.
R p.1 Jac.
Bot itmag.S. t.6 220
1209
\i4 myjn
.my
dwarf
772
pumila
Dauria
1784.
R
p.1
Bot
reg.
246
L.P
777741 dichotoma
W. en. forked
Hungary 1815. R W.etk.h.S.t226
1 au
my
V
Hungarian
hungrica
W.
ap.my Br lberia 1821. R
reflexed
775 ibrica St.
Eng. bot
bot 596
578
3
jn
Y Britain
77b
pscud-corm
W.
yellow-water
Britain moi.pl.
sha.pl. RR p.l
p.1 Eng.
777 ftidissima W. various-colored
Gladwyn
m
N. Amer. 173 D s.1 Bot mag. 21
1 my.jn
778 versicolor
History,
Ute, Propagation,
Culture> name. The flower has mc
107. Aiilliotvxa.
Fromof an animal,
a flower,
A metaphorical
semblance
to the mouth
whichandby >.iw<r,
the aidrage.
of a little
imagination, may be supposed rcau> w
108. Xiphidium. A name of a similar import with Gladiolus, being derived from giftr, a sword, auu
to 109.
\U stiil"
and
swonl-sluiped
li'.ivw.
Leptanthus. Aim, slender, and
a flower. The tube of the flower is long and slender, TheJ
are110.aquatic
floating
plants
of
little
beauty.
Ti*.ht
tVaehcndorfia. 'Atfwt,
In memory
J. Waeheiulorf,
and professor
of botany
111. Hafmodvrum.
blood,ofandE. iee,
a gift ; thata Dutchman,
is to say, a plant
which produces
a rodat ljtrei.ni.
flower.
TBIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
TSJ lave , Upper segment longest stretched forward, the others recurved.
T475 Usres
Urn ,
tcuoth,Petal*
Petalsoratelinear-lanceolate
acuminate many-flowered
'~ Lere ill linear raOrm- SPathc<
S*Hhlimpie,
Fuldecontracted,
Leaves ensifonn 5-ncrved
^renninl
1Raited
iN !mjrth
Sa?'A
tprcadimr,
Leav
3-nervcd
annual
smooih
7-rtlTS SapBUDT
Scape spked! Fulde
Pulrle
spreading,
leaves .word-shaped
iwortUhapcd
channelled
Panicle
spreading,
Leaves
linear
sword.sh.iped
3-ncrved
plaited
villo
Ttt LejvaellipticnonUhapcd hairy
743compound. Branches spreading, Leave* flat
"Hheaded,
Spithe* many-parted
torn
743'srtonule.
Heuuirf alternate,
Spatnes
entire
Segments
offlower
equal
7*774bSupeabout
Ftomalternate,
three Leaves
oftf.e segments
leas thana the
1-flowered,
linear-lanceolate
littlerestfalcate
749 Pet*ovate oblong,
Corymb levd-topped halrv
Prtali
viscidspiked one-sided
" linesr,
enuwm,Corymblevel-topped
Scape villous above,villous
flowers
lestaiofthecrown sulwbte
*< Mrteai longer thsn the leaves.I, Smaller
Flouxrt petals
bearded.deflexed
i:?*111
longerUmpM
thinthan
the leaves,
flowers
sessile
-*(Tfii
-IWmd
the leaves,
leaves,
lower
flowers
Spathes
.*y. UneslaneratherpUited,
mmy-
longerhalfns
than the
flowers
sessile.stalked,
Spathe*
white coloredTube lengthofgermen
short again asthebranching
stein, Spathealeafy.
a-flwcTwl
the
length
ofthe
leaves,
Ciermetw
'.-cornered
mm
auny.auweredlonger
the outer
Htm .*.
loor than the leaves, Petals enunrinate
( : inner
nearlyflatupright, wavy and indexed
. ]ecmarginate,
folded backerect
upright
(-margnate
olentire,
oblong
deflexed
laleundulate
reflexed,rather
smalleremarginatc
eniargmate
- than
the leaves, Tube
Deflexed
petalsaboutequal
narrower than
the erect onesgermen
1 1-fl.
snorterthan
ensiformleaves,
ofcorolla
to
thcti-ntrcaked
the length
ofleaves. Petals aboutequal, Beard crested, Ucrmens icornered
-Dowered,
Stigmasjagged
~ h " """V11 !" 'han the ensitimn leaves, I'pper flower abortive
SS . ,llftcr1 t-fl0WCT1.
erect thethelength
ofthe
17>,
,han Spathes
*" Vtbe
Spathes
ofthetube
tubepetals narrower than the erect one*
" - L"BowPHlj
shorterthan
thelength
lut, Reflexed
]ZZ1
,
4
*"*
Pnwled
round,
ranches
2.4.flowercd
IB>ênuforra
"^ - 1?0""1
newtutScape
falcate
nearly equal
the many-flowered scape. Spathe* inflated
bleat* smooth,
1-flowered,
l'talsto obovate
Im
* ", ^ rh"T>hrit;,,,'n""1 untry.
""
alt-
IG
779cdprea
Ph.
N.
Amer. 1812.
copper-colored
î oror 21 jn.jl
] virjinica
W
Virginian
N. Amer.
1758,
jn.jl
781
spuria
Siberia
1759,
spurious
.
or
1J1
71 ochroteca
W.M v.:. sulphur-colored^ or 4 jl
I*v Levant 1757.
stfiiogifHa
B.
783
GuMenstdtK.i.
Guldenstadt's |t5 oror 1 ap.my Y Siberia
1757.
784 alita
halphila
long-leaved
1780.
3 jLs H Siberia
74;"
/-.II'
long-tubed
5
181)1.
\ j"jn B.Y Algiers
Tseziphlum
ir.
small-bulbous
Spain
1596.
or
787
xiphioldes
If.
great-bulbous
B.Y
Sjtain
1571.
orof
788
lusitnica
.
K.
Portugal
1796.
Portuguese
n
78!' tenuillia W.
slender-leaved
or
2
my
Lb
Dauria
17P6.
790
Persian
oror 1 i ap.my
mr P. y Persia
1G2R
791 prsica
venia W.W.
spring
Virginia
1748.
72
ventricsa
IV.
bellied
or
P.
Dauria
1800.
1
jn
793flblrica
IV.
Silierian
L.H SilK'ria
or
79*
New-Jersey
Amer. 15.
1812.
oror 21 iny.jn
my.jn StP N.Austria
79.r prismtica
gramnea IV.Ph. f;rass-leaved
157.
J
jn
79
hmilis
Bieb.
ow
or
Caucasus
1812.
1
ap.my
797
ruthnica
Kcr.
or
pigmy
Siberia
1804.
J
mv
7! tuberosa
snake'
(i.B I>evant
157.
799
reticulata 1.Ad.
netted -head i^ ororor J ^ mr.ap
P.B
It>eria
1-1.
mr.ap
80}
spatlmlta
pathulatc-flow
1
jl.
.u
Germany
1759.
801
caucsica
Hufftn.
Caucasian
5
or
mr
Y
Caucasus
1821.
802
lurcu Bkb.
mr Tauria
803
1. . forked
S oror 1 J jn.jl
three-flowered
Italy 1822.
1821.
80 triflora
braclm'fispis
shnrt-petalled
ljjnjl
P
Siberia
181
or
805
PalLtsii
.
M.
k 2 jn-jl Tartary 1820.
116. MOIl.E'A. . Pallas's
MoR.tiA.
Iridrie.
Sp. 23.
806
flcxusa
AT.
flexuosc
tf
LJor
1
ap.my
Y
.
G.
H.
58117 colllna
HB. A'.H.
equal-flowered
iiAJ
AI oror 2 my P G. R 1803.
1768.
miiiiata
nxd-flowcred
PR.B C. G.G. H.
1768.
5808pav6nia
.. AK. Peacock
tf iAI
iAl oror 21 my.jn
my.jn
H. 1790.
5809
triptala
three-petalled
1
ap'my
Y
C.
G.
H.
1802.
810
angosta
JC
oror myjn Fu C. G. H. 1790.
Hi gtf iAI
5811 tricspia K. brida :-j>etailed
H.
1776.
5812 tenuis
. . brow
tftf |]
iAJ
oror 11 jnmy.jn GP C.C. G.
G. H.
H. 18QSL
1807.
S1.J
unnuiculu
loi
iAI
1
my.jn
cd
Va
C.
G.
81*
dulis
".
long-leaved
cul 4 my.jn LI CG. H. 1792.
815 spicta
1'|6 . . long-flowered 1tf iAJ
Y C. G. R
R 1785.
1801.
58111
spiked
tf iAJ
iAJ oror U my.rln
V.jll
817 trlsti .. '.M.
dull-colored
i
AI
or
v.jn Y C. G.
1 i my.,.,
G.
R
818
crispa
.
AT.
short,spathed
lAJ
or
my.jn
G. R 1768.
1801
819
bituminosa
.
clammy
g
i
AI
or
1
ap.my
R 1800.
1787.
8211 viscria
-.AT.
bird-limed
iAJ
or 1 jn YU C.C. G.
G.
R
,821
ramsa
.
br,niching
tf
iAI
or
3
my.jn
Y
G.
H.
1789.
5822
villsa
.
.
villous
iAJ
1
ap.mv
1789.
82;cilita
fringed-leaved ? 1| i ap.jn" PP C.G G.G. H.
R 1587.
barblgtra'.Sal. bearded
tf lAJ
or i ap.my Y C. G. R
...
824
isyrlnchlum
.
'.
.Spanish-nut
cul
Jmyjn
S,
Europe
1597.
8-'. papiliourea . butterfly
5 11 or t myjn Va C. G. H. 17!6.
826
apathioea
ir.
sheathed
or sji' Y C. G. H. 1798.
827 iridioldes
'. sword-leaved lJ
W C. G. R 1758.
828
lrida . ..AVr.
lurid
tf lAJ
iAI or.
or i my.jn Cr
a G. R 1817.
(117.
'.
Marica.
Iridcte.
829 Northiina H.K.
4
RR p.1
-.1
R

DD
RR
RR .1
RR .
RR
RR

DD .
s.p
I) s.p
DDD s.p
s.p
D s.p
s.p
DI> s.p
s.p
DD 8.p
DD s.p
s.p
DD
s.p
DD s.p
s.p
s.p
1)D s.p
R.p
DD s.p
s.p
DJ> s,p
s.p
DD s.p
s.p
Class 111.
Bot
mag.
1496
Bot
mag. 875
70S
Bot
mag
Bot mag. 1515
Bot
mag.
1 61
Bot
mag.L1
Desf.atl
te
Bot.
mag.
686
Bot
mag.
687
Bol
mag.
679
PalL mag.
itatc,E2
Bot
1
PLalm.tl96.f.6
PalL
it3.tb.f.l
Botmag.
Bot mag.
mag. 1163
1504
Bot
681
Bot.
mag.
1123
Bot
1393
Bot mag.
mag. 531
Bot
Bot Cabmag. 1829
58
Bot mag. 2361
Bot
mag. 2331
2326
Bot mag.
Bot
mag.
695
Bot
mag.
Bot
rep.
414
Bot
mag.
1247
Bot
mag.
702
Bot mag. 1276
Botmag.696
Bot. mag.
mag. 593
1047
Bot
B.Botmag.
6U
1238
mag.
712
Bot
mag.
1283
Bot
mag.
Bot mag.
mag. 577
1284
Bot
1015
Bot
mag.
587
Bot
mag
Bot mag.
mag. 771
571
Bot
1061
Bot.
mag
Ulli
Bot
mag.
1407
Bot
mag.
750
Thunlx diss. 1 1
Bot
Bot mag.
reg. 3126!
flistori/. Use, Propagation, CuUure

^^^^'^^^ mcd;c/."?; "ose of the first are remarkable for communicating an ndof
ea
as
s^rprodu^
a
rra?
SS^StSQS
*L ^..The
of I. peeud-acorua,
in powd
astringent ancTud4Z*JaS 1 i thv, - nm nnd- nosc
8,1(1 etonirootdischarge
from the nostrils
: it
most
powV
: m is i m ?thatt wayf"1"
in inveterate
-or d>'in b,ackThcI. germanica
'',, >"> f Ihe root
is one of tn.
.....
.,
^thartlcs.and
has
cured
dro|es.
similarqualitie*
and
the
root
of
either
species
suspended
pleasant taste and smell to the formeUn w ine or beer, keeps the latter from growing stale, and communicate
ment, and with the tw nn" ; ^ ,"" iw s,""" M ,tu'>' aW^r. I. oriental tequlr a similar tre
fection. Of 1. xiphi.Mde, t , t t\Z\Z 'lu,r^ l'nt*vt.on of a green-house to make it flower in p,
me way as Uioie of croc fiiEfm
fromornamental
wlliHl
thrive
t^.tlbestmuch
i nis speties, and L tuberosa are very
; they
in aintigt
Omi I.
TRIANDRtA MONOGYNIA.
longer man the leaves

7S Lrnei!^!^^(i(',,r,]em,'
linear.^.'
SrWmiinrt .,.,
. S,ipnM
_ acute
i , topeabout .Howered round, Germen
hexagonal, Petalsrounded
ovate 1longer than their claw
7
L*vbmafcnn,
Snpenearly
round.
Germen
hexagonal,
Petal*
erect
oblong
7MMxlleavesim
long, StemThree
hi|(hererertthanpetals
the very
leaves,small.
Germen*
hexagonal
7H5 Siemiai, channelled,
Tube very
long
Lson rbmnelled subulate.
Stem ifloweral,
iflowerad. PrtaUmuch
Petal* nearlywider
as narrow
stigmas,Germe
Germenacutely
roundangular
TSLweiehaiAilled
tubulate,
Stem
than asstigmas,
MWinnie*,
Lernthanadlcu,
Scape
i-flowered,
Inner
petals
emarginate
LsrafiUotmmrloae,
Scape
very
short
Mosrand,
Tube
ofthe
corolla
filiform
Lewes flat,
linraiScape
subuLl.dowered
channelledilmner
longerthan
thanthethevery
short I-ftow.
very short spreading
Si7SW"XAlittleraulnteut.
Laie
leaves.
nearlyscape,
euualInnerpetals
Stemfistulous
about-floweredhorter
than Petals
theGermen*
leaves,
Spathes
ventricse, Germens -niigular
SiSemiboutj-Siiwered
Ionsir
than
the
leaves,
Langular
M Steal most
round
longEcdtjBd
a* theharter
leaves, than
Leavesthevery
narrow
long, hcxangular
Capsules long pointed at each end
ttSim
iflewered
leaves,
Gennens
HUmhlineai-etiwfnrm
very
much
longer
than
the
2-flowered
very
short scape, Petals acuminate
M7!e Ite
linearlongerthan the 1-flowered scape, Alternate petals maller
Lavestconiereil
T*frfilfclerpftuispeiuhtc,
l-dmrered (hotterSrern
thanbraiahcd
the 4-comered
leaves.
Tube
filiform,
Hoot bulbous
at (he'J-flowered
base shorter than the leaves
I LeavesUareoUte
Uesteedged,theStein
about
Lram
shorterthan
iflowcred
2-forkcd
cane.
Germen
3-angultr
S-comered
4. U.in-3
linear scute lengthvery( Icug,
the3-.Inner
scape,petalsSpathes
witheredStigmas
with aspirally
long point,
Flowers close together
4tleieeBeformnuuUeu
Ltiies linear-Luicculate
very
short,
rvolute
serrated itend tort!ier jfrii'ed incurved at end. Ovaries very longcylindrical, Stigmas keeled
' a
erysprcadmK> "Wats
In a cylinder
cylinder
bmasunited
uuiteu
*>spatted
anddotted
atbase.absent
The threeinner half
shortinasathe
others and much narrower erect
H lf
loner
pneiitterectlinear,
sometimes
with
1.flowered
scape Inner
smooth,small
Spathes
Rl Outer NpSBltl (cry spreading Innervcrv
bearded,
3-tOOthed
at:thetheend
: thetooth
middlelongest
tooth and
the longest
iOuieicrmdt*xrflMSirtea,
;Uoothed
atobtuse
end
middle
involute
niUuw
segmentsbeardless ;AllInner
vert mallsmall
S-toothed
atvery
the
end
MlMlEsftaiBttfaB,
thesegment*
ofthe
flower
spreading
:
the
alternate
ones
small
lute
Mb
long:
All
the
segments
rcflexed
Btstflw,veryHowet
nearly equal,
Stigmas petal
shaped
m Lasa
smooth.uniform
Beenof thescape,
*
and
peduncles
lM*Wtthelength
All the
segmentsvillous
of the flower spreading ; the alternate ones smaller
WLmrW^rdly
twisted,
Stem
,moofh.
Branches
viscid
~. L*'-1> EbtL-h, Stem and branches viscid
2i^'Pncltdmuchbranching,
Segirictits
nearlyStem
equalpubescent,
deflexed InvoL very smooth, Alternate segmenta
Beirted, Luve* on the inside villnu.
in lines,
Nfewervery small itoothed
?^1^
Inner
4tmeirts
erect
lUbettif.-rm ven long, Segments alternate erert
~ *' Jbet*nt, all theseemenH spreading
1",1
.der dependent,
Howen tenninal
close heads: alternate once much the Invgest
SrWi!
ditant.
flowerinJ linear,
spreading
wfcntettd
a lutte
bearded,Segments
leavesotabout
Stem simple. Outer segments of flowers rounded
muer
very
narrowentire
fcipenn(ed wonUhapcd, Common spathe sUtaved. twrtinl '-.flowered, Power -t.dks s
817.
TO Kcdl
;
well
indlJing
theRettins
rof-ts
of ruUibli
- ofdistinguished
botanist,
of
the
degnni
>v men and monkeys<ic*
; and
these plants, "a mixture
flaccid, in allusion to thff nature 1 the
Class 1
THIANDRTA MONOGYNIA
4?
Bot
mag. W
1782.
2 jn YY Martinico
MO martinlcensis H X. Martinico 23
Bot
reg.
CO.
H. IKK
iAI ororor 21 jn.jl
SSn gUdita . - marsh
Cape
Bot
map.22E6i
Guiana
17!.
W
jl.au
tSJ
832 califrnica
p:dudsa Ai.-Vf. yellow
?.
Bot
m.i.
^* 23
) oror 1 my a YW California
$'
Bot
mag. !*6:
Brazil 1779.
palm
i8>i palmiflia II*.
/. p//'crt
Bot. mag.
1788. Sk
oror 21 jnap jle YI! N.Mexico
835
strita
If. M.. . streaked
mag.LIS4t
1)U .
Bot
Amer. 169.1
_ iAJ
two-edged
8>6nccps
v.
diss.
Amer.
U
1 jn Jl Y S.liermuda
sinall-Howered
or
8.7
micrntha
Car.
Bot
D1> > Red. mag
Iris-leaved
lAJ or 1 j jninyjljn Y Amer. 1V-2.
Iii t 9*
88 coiivolta
BermudinaW. K. convolute
1816.
iAJ
or
899
Bot.
mag.
1)
1816.
Amer.
\ my jn Y
810 tenuifHa AVd. slender-leaved
4 iAJ
iAJ oror 2 my.jn 11 Brazile 1818. Bot reg. 71
841 cferdea
Ker. Z.orfrf. blue
.i-aperta
half-open
lAI or 1} my.jn Y Brazils 182a D Bot cab. 68
Jridece. kl
Ker. Pabdanthus.
118.843PARTMNTHUS.
2 jnjl China 1759. R p.1 Bot mag. 1
chinnss H. . Chinese
Sp.S. 779.
*llo. SCHCE'NUX 'ah. -. m w 1 Cyperace<p.
1.1!1
D Fl grac.
Europe .1781.
.my
844
mucrontus
W. black
clustered
bot
Britain
bo. DD Eng.
1 * jljl
*
815
nigricans
W.
Eng.
bot
Scotland
sc.
bog
Jit
w
846
rfus E. .E. B. brown
bot. Hmt
England Ixtgs. UD Eng.
447 monnlrus
monoecious JiltJ* Ww I \ jl.a
Sen. gm.1.
Europe
1781.
.
5848
ferrugincus
Sehr,
rusty
Eng.
bot 7!
D
w 1 . Britain bogs.
849 stelltus
comprssusW. Snt. compressed
85
star-headed 4L lAlpr \ e.d W. Indies 1822. D Slo. jam t.'
S.326.
Ct/peracea.
120.851RHYNCHOS'PORA.
Va. Rhvnchospora
bot. Pi
Britain bogs. DD Eng.
lba H .
white-headed^
w 11 au
Eng. bot 1
Britain bge.
au
brown-headed
852
fiisca
H.
.
Brazil 1820. D
leafy-headed [73 cu
853 comta LA.
Cyperaceee. Sp. 165.
/.
FiMBBtCTVLis.
121.854FIMBIUS'TYLIS.
dichotoinous
1 23 w 1 jn.jl E. Indies 18ia D Rottb.gr.t
dichtoma .
Sp.Britain
316. dit ) Eng. bot.
122,855ISOLBTia
Iholkpis. -= A w flt. ypcracetz.
j.au Ap
flftitans . Br.. Br. floating
bot
11
Britain
bogs. SSkco Eng.
\3 jLau
Ap
8*6
setcea
.
Br.
bristle-like
*
*
Eng.
bot.
England
eeaoh.
Ap
857 Holosch'nus Sm. cluster-headed
M ww 3 jljl
Jaeq.
UlfL
Austria
...
Sk
Ap
Bo'nan
> romnus
Ap S. Europe ... Sk Pik. pht t
southern
a w 3 jl
australis \V.
I(iceiF. Sp. 1 1NI
m SCIR'PUS. -. manv-stalked * w
bot.
!!
Britain
bo.
Sk Eng.
Ap
858
multtealli
. scaly-stalked w
Eng.
hot
Britain tur.
tur.
he.
Sk
Ap
859
ca?spitsus
H'.
Eng.
bot
Britain
bgs.
m.
Sk
Ap
chocolate-head.
w
}
nu
860
paucirlrus
bot I:
Britain
rivers.
Sk
Eng.
Ap
* w 62 jl.au
861
Urustris
If... . tall
Eng.
Itot !
England
1.
.
Sk
Ap
jl.au
glaucous
862
glaf.cus
E.
England mar. Sk Eng. bot :
Ap
triangular Jilt w
8V)
trqueter
W.
Eur.
Asia
Sk
Ap
ahari>-l>oi"tcd
w
864
mucrontus
Eng bot.
England
M w 32 jljl.au Ap
865
carintus E.W.if.B. blunt-edged
bot
Britain riv.
sal. ba.
in. Sk
Sk Eng.
salt-marsh iUiJ IZ3
ww l Jl * Ap
8fi6martimus
FEng.m.27.t.'
Indies m.1776.
Sk
Ap E.Britain
clustered
867
Lzulte
If.
bot.
6.
p.
Sk
CO
Ap
wood
w
868 eylvticus
Cypcraceec.
Sp.
324.
124. El.F.CKCHARlS. B. Br. Spike-ritsh.
Eng.
bot
Britain
mar.
Sk
en
86P palustris . Br. marsh
A *w iJjl jl Ap
Britain
mar.
Sk
Eng. lt
Ap
870 aciculris . Br. needle
liennany
1818.
Sk
JnJI
Ap
w
ovate
P71 ovta W.
Uiitory, Ute, Propagation, Cu/ture,

(lowers. M. nnrthiana has beautiful and transient flowers, like the rest ofthe species, all ofwhich gro
in 118.
a richPardanthu*.
light soil, andNamed
are readilv
increased by parting
root* orand
fromc.J*,
seeds.a flower, on account of'
bv M'r.J.B.Ker.froin
;,thea leopard,
ted119.flower.
Schitnus.
From
<j
or
trx<H*>et
a
cord,
in
Greek.
From
plants
of this
rordag*ol
nosed to have been made. All the plants from this genus to Mariscus, No.
I'iO.,kind
are the
sedgytirstplants
habit,
ofvalue
in
an
ceconomical
point
of
view,
hut
not
cultivated
for
ornamental
purposes.'
19X
BAyebta/xira,So,
irre*, a seetlAfromThe
l>e:iked.a fringe, m
. FimbrtstyO*.
nameda bysnout
Vahl.or rostrum,
ITie wordandis constructetl
the seeds
Latin arc
fimbria,
the1*.style.Isofepis. From im, equal, and , I scale, on account of the relative form
* of the scales wli
titutc the inflorescence.
OdbEI I.
Wj*il nantie,
\tmt linear,nearlyPetalsequalwithtothe
glandular
spots,involucrum
Ovaries 3-cornered
Ho*eMalkiliteral
one-leaved
SSMS LenaliowOuicTOlite,
Scaperound
shorter
than
the
Learaiedfed,
Dwr<nHte
winged.plaited
Flowersleave*
opened out, Fil united at one
&tScape
Flowersflat.inScapesimpleleaf-like
spikes. Leave* iword-ahapcd
nervel-piaiteU
Scapeiedpdleafy.
Flowers
in
spikes,
Petals
roundish
ovate
acute.
Leaves
sword-shaped
SiawiedsrdiimpUneariy
leafless, Spathe aboutunequal,
4-flowered
unequal
longer linear
thanleavesgrasschannelled
the
flowers, i
8*SiSraptiedeedbranchedleafy,
SnpfSjdpidbranchy leaft, Spatheabout3-flow,
Pet
linearacuminate,
Spatheabout4-flow.shorterthantheflowers.
Pet
muc
I.eavessword-shaped
ttSapeiedredbranched leafv,
Spathe
&flowered shorter
that theLeaves
flower,capillary
LoKfCi sword-shaped
leafy,Scape
Spathe3.flowered,
Caps,
HIHOScapeleedstrtnding
S*nu*uniud
petalnervedlittle
shaped,
nuuiy-flowered
erect,hairy,
Spathe
viviparous
LeweliMU-lanc
wavy
at back, -stalks
nearly not
as long
as spathe. Flowers campanul.
WJ spotted *ith orange
BUCohnroundnaked, SpikeleU bundled in a roundish head, Involuer. 3, -leaved very long reflexeel
CUbusedround,
Spikeletschannelled,
in headedSpike
bundles,
InvoL 2-leaved
longer
than
MiCunroundleafy,
Lena
compound
2-ranked
longer
than the
the valves,
braclca Setae none
W(Lim
Cbbn round,
roundnaked,
SpikeCompound.
Flowermonoecious,
Leaves
channelled
nugh
SpikeleU
-1,
Outer
valve
ofinvolucrum
a*
long
as
spikelets,
Setsseveral
WSpikedirtichou*,
very longSpikeleU
while.many.flowered.
(Dichromena, Involucre
Vahi.) I-leaved, Culm roundish
Culaleafy Singular,
keeled. Root
Root creeping
creeping
&>.ISiiLeaiMBitglaucous>ithhairysheaths,
IUlmiangular,
LeavesLeara
bristlylinear
channelled.
lnvol. longerthan
thecmitractedpanicle, Si>ikeleUoblong, Scale
oblongcarnate umcronate
Spiesoblccg, Involucre about 3-leaved decompound longer than the umbel
gCwbnnchedleafy Spikeletslateral
flaccid, Spikeletssessile
few.flowered, Floating
tulmbrAMhaped,
Ouroundnaked. Heads terminal globose
clustered, Leaves channelled
gJiaroundiheathmgatthebase,
Spikeinvolucrum,
ovate terminal,
wMipnai ^ spite enclosed in a 2-leaved
LowerGlumes
glumesobtuse
veryequal,
large asRoot
big fibrous
as the spike. Culm
round, Sheaths bearded
fcn r?un?i*1^ largerbutshorterthanthe2-valvcdspike. Culmround, Sheathe notbearded
3S
lnDCT,heath** alhort leaf. Cyme terminaldecompound with 2-4-leaved involucrum
atniea-tsovatesmooth
^^fS^s^â*mM Pant l"t''"1 underthee,ld' SPikcl ,e* *eUUtcd
clusterednaked,
Stigma
bifld Stigmas3
seasonsandcattle
will
rbarv,
Siberia,
used instead
, Mefto,to delight
Class III,
50
Cyperace.
S. Cotton-grass.
Eng. bot
873
125. ERICVPHORUM. PHare's-tait
Britain
moors.
ihr.
bot.
563
Britain
bogs. DDD
Eng.
872
vagintum
W. broad-leaved * prPr 1 jn.jl
Eng.
bot
564
873
polystchion
Britain
bogs.
I
M pr 1 my.au N. Amer. 1802. D Pk.alm.t299.f.

874 angustiflium W. narrow-lcaved
Virginian
*
P1
Eng.
bot
2*
875
virginicum
Scotland
sc.
1
jl.au
elender
Jt
pr
Eng.
bot
1387
876
P. S.E. a. round-headed M pr J au. Scotland mo. D
877 gracile
capittura
Sp.2.
126. TRICHLVPHORUM. P. S. Trichophorum. 6 &.
X Amer. 1802. D Plk.mt. t.419.f.
.
878 cvperinum&P. S. cyperine
* A
Scotland bogs. D Eng. bot Sil
879alplnum
Alpine
j
eu i
Sp.2250. 1802. S Rr>tgr.20.t4.f
.
ypri*. A 23 cu ijf
127. CYPE'RUa bulbous-rooted
E. Indies
f.4.
880dbius
ram.
S Pk.ai.
G. H. 1819.
elender
u-u
lQJ cu II my.jn
881
teiieUue
gr.t300Ll&Xl
tenllus
Vahl
DSk Rot.
Araba
1820.
.
882
conglomerate
Hofb.
many-flowered
m
[]
Host.gr.3.
t.2
Hungary
1781.
.... pannnicus W.
dwarf
.Ui.-.
O cu
Rottgr.tl3.f.
883
Jacq.
W.
Indies
... Sk
221 jLau
mv.e
compact-flowor.'m 23
cu
ic.
1
299
884
Lrula
W.
Indies
182a
JLau
23
cu
distant
ic.2. L295
885
dlstans
J f.
'aM.
Jac
Jamaica
1781. Sk
2 my.au
Jtja E3
clammy
Rt gm.32.
t.7.1
886
viscsus
Sk
E. Indies 1800.
1 cucu 11 my.au
lofty
887
fastigiitns
1820.
my.jn
m
i
Ai
cu
pink
888
erubes'cens
ZJk
I)
E
Indies
1804.
1
myjl
23
cu
889
Vahl.en, paniclcd
SS Slo.ja. I.t75.l
Italy . 1804.
2 my.au
cu
round-headed \T}j
890 panicultus
glomertus
1801.
.
Jamaica
cu
elegant
Host. gra.
gra. 3.3. tt'
891
clegans
S
Germany
1776.
1
jn.s
m
Q)
cu
yellow
892
flavscene
Host.
Europe
1777. SSkco
9
AM 23
O cu
brown
Rt
g.
40.
til. I
893
fscus
W.
Indies
1786.
jU
bristle-epiked cu
894strig6sus
Sk
Jac.
1790.
Ii my.e
smooth
Hostvind.
grm...3. tt
895
Skco
S.America
Europe
1597.
cu
cul 31 jl
Rush-nut
896 vegtue
esculntus W.
Eng. bot 12.1309L
England mar. Skco
Rheede.
897
lngus
1802. Sk
Iii!my.au Ap C.E G.Indies
tall
g.S8. 1 8.
898
Tria P. S. fox-tail
Sk
Rott.
H.
1804.
2\
iAJcu
899 alopecurodes
Desf.at
Sk
Algiers
180(1 Sk Jac. ic. 2.Lt7.
uruwii
iAI cu 2 f.mr
t!
900briiu
P.S.
Madagasc.1781.
altemate-leav'difiv
23
901 altemiflius W.
PAPYRI'S.
128.902PAPY'RUS.
IX ancient
antiqurum L*.
129. KYLLIN'GA.
903
monoccphala
904
polycpnala
*.
905
uncinate
Lk.
Rottgr. t4.
906 triceps
Cyperacetp.
130.907MARIS'CUS.
Vahl.
Rott gr- t. 4
^
Indies
1789.
Sk
1} jn.au
jn.au Ap
urhbelltus
en.
E. Indies 1805.
Sk
Jac. ic. 2. 1 3
34P
Ap
908cltus
IV.
en.
Eraxil
1819.
1822.
D
Ap
909
1 jn.jl Ap
10 conflxus
aggrcgatusl.k.
12. 1822. D Aub. gui. t
Remire*. cu jGraminae.
131.911REMIRE'A.
jl.au Sp.Florida
martima Aub.

125. Ertophontm. From wool, and <ft^, to bear. Its seeds are covered with silky tufts of a woo
substance.
For
the
reason
it
is
called
Englishtocotton-grass.
..
126. Trichophorum.
bair,ina"
bear.seeds
luinflorescencercsemblesabunclioi
genus
and EriophorumFrom
grow6^1in-*.
peat bogs,
and '*.
nave their
clothed at the base with a whitenair.
silky downinorSweden,
cotton-like
substance,
from
which
specimens
ofofcloth
have
been made,
paner,it and
^j8^
pillows
stuftbd.
Of
these
genera,
and
the
(
vperacea;
in
general,
has
been
oto
dies;
and
, thatspots.beingThemostly
marshes,
and become
watery places,
tendency
by
Villars,
ach
roots natives
and baseofofbogs,
the stems
rot and
peat, andtheythushaveareauseful
as nn.
and
dry
such
manure.
127. Cyperus.
roots of some
speciesthat
of this
genusderived
have eatable
roots,from
andCypris,
are considered
a high
degree. ItThe
is, therefore,
probable
the word
its origin
a name olaphrodisia
*c"lls;
isroota genus
of sub-aquatic
or marsh
sedgywarm,
plants,and
morebitter
injurious
than
useful,
and {souchet
of littlecomestible,
or no beaut)rr,
of
C.
longus
is
agreeably
aromatic,
t
those
of
C.
esculentus
duce round tubercles about the size of peas, which are eaten in some places in France and Spain ; ana
boiled,
taste something
likeofchestnuts.
128. Papyrus.
obscure
P. antiquorum
yields
substance
paperflower-stal
by the a.
Egyptian*.
In SyriaA word
it is called
babcer,origin.
and hence,
probably, the
wordsthepapvrus
and used
paper.as The
about ten feet from a long horizontal thick root, the lower part clothed with long hollow sword-shape
SLS , ,, inBatcd
"roadn
taJcd
Ti522
J.rrZ-_j g ".,
^cornered, Leaves
very narrow
setaceous
^*;*â,"S^ Pedunde. rough, Flow,,
branched

UmM impound,
compound,CuCulmtapie
nsp^rtur,,
3^18
Um Bliform, HorcU dnant, Umljcl Jnriirht
,
.-^F3-^^
988(11 *1 by arefleied
ig narrow leaves
i:::z
"""-.taw,,
Sk^S?-"^ ftS".* n ri. *,.ih * th,
known. Plii
byssinia.
That
: constantly
op.
--", I?
root wai
allusion to the situation! in wind, ,t >
.
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
52
132.912LYGF/UM.
Ltobiim. ec Ii myju Sp.\.
Spain 1776. D Clue, hist 2. f. 2
Spirtum W. W. rush-leaved
Sp.Levant
L
Graminete.
133.913CORNUCO'PI
L.
Cornucopia
1788. S Fl. gnec. L t51
cuculltum W. hooded
M cu f au
Sp.
321.
Gramine<e.
*134.
CEN'CHRUS.
P
S.
Rim
LH. f. 7
1773. SS Bcauv.
India
O cu 21 jlau.d
f914 Upptceus W.
Bur
Jilt QJcu
C. lcJ.p-39.t4ei
W.
Indies 1891.
915
pcliinStus
W.
rough-spiked
M
C.
ic.5.
t461
1818.
S
N.
Am.
1
my.au
0
cu
916 tribtateles
spinous
M
Sp.. 18.
135. PENNISE'TUM. Rick, Pknnisbtum 01 cu 1} Graminete.
1777.
S
G.
H.
my.au
917 cenchrnidee Rich, ciliated
Sp. 48. sal. m. D Eng. bot 380

136.918SPARTI'NA.
Spartina. cu 1 Graminete.
au Britain
stricte W, W. upright
N. Amer. 1781. D Liil.fa.l.p.l7.t9
36 au.s
Ap
:i CU
919
ilo*uroldes
Rich.
DogVtail
CU au.i Ap N. Amer. 1781. D

920polystachya
921 jncea PA. PA. many-spiked
spreading i CU jUii Ap N. Amer. 1781. D
12- moi. h. D m. Eng. bot 290
137.932strlcta
NAR'DU.4
Mat-urass. Jl i cu 1 Gramine.
Jn-jl Ap Sp.Britain
W. W. upright
Sp.
L
Gramnea.
138.923ORYZOP'SIS.
Oryzopsih. jI i cu 3 jl.au Ap N. Amer 1822. D Mit am. 1. 1 9asperiflia M. Mich. rough-leaved
DIGYNIA
Sp.E.582.
Paspalum. El cu
H.n.h.l3.t.89.f.3
139.924PA8TALUM.
W.
Indies 1778.
punctured
scrobicultum
W. panicled
Jamaica
1782. SSS Sl.hi*tl.t72.r.2
32 jU
rm
cu
925
pantculatum
W.
ic. 2. t2.U
1 302
Peru
1794.
iL Jamaica 1776. S Jacq.
ia
A) cu
Sw.obs.35
926 stolontfcrum W. purple
cu
lftjl.au
two-spiked
927
dfitichum
W.
N.
Amer.
1804.
S
Ii
:
O
CU
decumbent
928 scrotlnum /V.
Sp. 14.
140. AXO'NOPUS. P.deB. AXONOPVft. i O cu 1 Gramnea:
jLs Ap ndia 1788. S
929 cimleinus P. de R spotted
Graminear. Sp.Britain
514. m. s. p. S m.9 Eng, bot. 1106
141.930MI'LIUM.
If.
Mtl.UT-GRASS.
jn.jl Ap
effTisum
W. W. black.seeded
common
b wcu 33 jn.jl
Hostgr.3.t23
France
SS
Ap
$931
paradoxum
Desf.
Host. gr.
S.Bnrbary
Europe 1771.
1778.
H jn.jl Ap
9931
12 camilescens
multifli'irum lh-sf.
W. en. blueUh
many-flowered M cu
atL3.1. 114.12
1819.
S
Ap
cu lj jn.jl Ap Crimea 1822. S
934 frut.'scetis JJc. shrubby
m cu
1. san. pl. S s Eng. bot 1127
142.933KNAP'PIA.
Knappia. cu aGrmr.ap Ap Sp.Wales
agrostldea E.BE.B. small
Sp.525.
*I43. DIGITA'RIA. P.S. Fimoer-grass. eg 2 Gramine.
Eng. bot 849
au Britain
946 sanguinlis P. S. slender-spikcd 4ft w lil-i
N.Amcr. fields.
1781. SS er. Jac obs. 3. 1. 10
937 villsa
P.S.IV. en. villous
Egypt
1794.
S
jl
Ap
ww HUjl.au
Egyptian
938
vgyptlaca
1)4. S Host gr. 4. 1 1
Ap China
ciliated
939 cliaris P S.
Brazil 1822. S
w
940 marginta IJc. divaricate
Sp.E. 18185
Panic-grass O ag j Gramnea:.
144.941PAN'ICUM.
pic 1 3 13
Indies 1699. S Ehr.
colonum W.W. B.P. purple
Pl.alm.tl91.f.l
E.Jamaica
Indice 1801.
SS
12 jl.au
jn.jl
02
cu
Bnza-Hke
942brzodes
1801.
jn.jl
O cu
fascicled
943
fascicultum
\V.
N. Amer. 1820. S
cu $ jn.au
944 I.am prolifi-rmis
917
_
Culture,
other'
4 ",
"""*'""Use,
to'"' Propagation,
flexibility.
This plant" islower
usedm>ttrajL
In Spain, Provence,
and
,paSTfor
nfbv themak^lT"!
RnmS,. ^^""/f*1
*
,h"r
l41"
StEpoiSr
(partum)aml
i. tlic
Spani.h
appeation
of this and other
gra. R!*used (oreresiPleSv.,The'fce.'S;5 SrSîSr^ u '!"' i"lu,m"" Pu>" ' Sonus, raemhlc. the " Horn of
singular
ami unrmm
IM. gariS
a nativean2"
"
V cSn,'h
2'
* l;r'ved
In thfcheSea
Smym'whmc<! ,re
il nt <*>> "b>' '
ShCT'r<1'
lnti,nded"cShi.iato
tl!I'l<.;rrk
f "!".><*!
by which,
it is probable,
that Setaria
italic,
and
Plea,ant food fo,- im*
L.'utto. 'l'',m'!8"
'"
JmUsi
and is looked
on as a wholesome
involuSuin"*'1 Fro
a Pi f, bristle ; a feathery bristle, referring to the nature of the
tocallthethis,UtterIn
hsuW<T4l2ta,^!50!
,nc ""'1
PI>ellation
of I.ygeumexplained.
: the plantsThe
beingSpanianls
imitar
and similar
toughm ,,!,T?i "I1?1
? "<*
been satisfactorily
. Nardui. 1 rm
'
.
"
"m
'"
1><.
cierto.
.<J su appi.ed by the Greek, to a subrtancc issessing a peculiar pc'
Okdei I.
TRIANDRA DIGYNIA.
59
ylTbenah;specie
SUTbevjspecies
Slliwcbaoftbfpuiideiimple,
Pale*10-parted
hispid backward*,
Glumes 3-valved 2-flowored (CentotAcca. r>*v.)
îkelrUipproxiaatcd
Involucres
916Sft withalternate spikelets,
Involucre*
entirevillous
spiny
917 Culmjointed, InvoL Item, twice ai long a* flower*, oneof the sets bristle-chaffy longer than the other*
Sis91? Stakesterm,
bout
2, Spiketets
loosely imbricated
longerLeave*
than glome.
Leaves
involute
Spikes
remote,Spikes
Rachis
ang.one-sided
wavy. Glumes
twiceKeel*
as longPales
as palcie,
very long
glaucous
flat
LearnItem,
broad flat,
many
ways linear.
aculeate
SI Learndutkbousshortish
bristlyturned
convoiallSpikes
Tew remote
spreading.
Glume* acuminate, Keel* rough
SCN . bristly straight one-sided
Theonly specie*
DIGYNIA.Glume* roundish obtuiesmooth, Upper Iv*. naked

se4^ft4ihem.IUchUflatrrraiglitajlonga*$plkel.
Spikesten num. Rachi Girted
smooth
tw.eebroader
as narr than
as spikel.
GlumesGlumes
roundish
obv.corrugated.
blunt pub. Leave*
.miott.
86Spkesnumerousscattered,
Kadiis
undulated
spikelets.
oblong
lanceolaterough stedge
Spike2dreetogether,
Rachi* Bat narrower than spikelets, Glume*ovateobtusepolished length ofpale*
tykes3 dose together, Rachis flat rather broader than spikelets, Glumes elliptic lane, acute pubescent
33 Paniclesumbelled, Racemes about 4, One glume fringed
Floretsbeardless
ovate dispersed
SE930PanHadiffbsc.
Pan.
fpraduigha
few-flowered.
Flowers
bearded,
Each
glume
atleast
S-nerred {Pi*aiherum. P. de B.)
Paniria
spreading
many-flowered,
Flowersthan
bearded.
Outer
glume
S-5-nerved
iFWrriponded
bearded.
Beard
shorter
glume
Stemshrubby at bate, Panicle whorled, Lower rays sterile
Tbtonlysptrie*. Theleast ofgrasses
Spilesdigitateerectsheading
iheaths
pilose, Florets oblong pubescent at edge
&v9 Spikes
many
Leave**,and
andLeaves
sheath*andhairy,
very
hairy
rijputesetaceous,
erect 7, Leares
sheath*
Floret* oblong acute smooth
digitste erectSheath*
spreading
and sheaths
hairy.Palees
Floretsfringed
lanceolate
.|Sea decumbent,
hairyS,atLeave*
end, Spike*
divaricate,
at endciliated
l!tmMrte me-sidedone-sided,
beardlessulume*
ovate two
rough,muchRaehi*
roundish
_il' ^"M
-s^keialternatesessile
shorter
than pale retuse, The third as long as they
'4te.
pinidedPanicle*oWong
alternate erect ,
in bunches,
roundi*h
wêrjinvwth.
Glume*Spikelets
striatedonesided
largish, Stem
branching
\
II r^4i
V k
to ipi a re '* p*rta*bn.
for the name having been applied to this insignificant genus of
i . and -1...
5 fea <stZ.
SSrSSi0" "ntnfiU numeran grain; by other,
f n UM
illustrated ' ork upon British grassesAc., much
which
are
dividedbe;
have.iot
fromthetheheads
coloranother's
an might
ermany
of pricking
one
noa
"
a'ld
I'ilnuania>
whcre
'ts eeed*
" , w caued,
CJT' ^mjft.
nnd highly
from its flow*
being esteemro
in aa panicle
pa, ; but other* derive the name
from
i
.
Class III.
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
54
E Indies 1804. SS Jacicl. 1.58

1 IV 22 jl.au
hispid
MS hlspMulum w. coloured
it w 1 111
94fi colorturn
W.
grrec.1. tl
.
S.Egypt
Europe 1771.
1777. SS CO
ils
MOw
slender
947
vivons
W.
Hostgr.i t 20
EE Indies
Indies 15U6.
O Rg Iii"
millet
948
miliceum
tV.
S
18(15.
Mi O cuw J jl..
949 murictum W. prickly
Host.gr. 4. 1. 16
America
hair-panicled m w 5 ji].m.s
950
cepillare
N. Amer. 1758.
1763. 8S Mor. h.S. t S.
951 claiidestinuin
latlMHum W.W. W. broad-leaved
Amer. 1*12. ss
hidden-flower'dJlL
ww 50Ii mr.ap Ap N.
958
EN. Indies
1776.
9SS arlmresiccns W. tree
Amer. 1804.
1781. ss
au Ap
W 1 jl.au
long-panicled JL .1
964
virgtum
r.
India
A|>
w
spreading
955
itciii
P.
&
Pl. al. 176 t. 1S
s
E. Indies 1800.
jl au A|
w H jl.au
96 bruvif<.lium W. snort-leaved
Jamaica
180. s Jac.schn.l.t25
Ap
straddling 1 w 56 jLau
957
divarictum
Ap E Indies 1804. s
Palm-leaved
958 i>alimf>1ium
Sp.England
1124. mol. fl s Eng. bot 874
Setaria. 4k w Gram
145. SETA'RIA. P. tit S. rough
jl.au
959
verticilltA
/*..rie glaucous
2.t 16
S.England
Europe san.
1771.6 ss Host.gr.
jl.au
m w 1414jl.au
960
glaiica
rie
Eng. bot. 875
w 14 jl au
961
viridis
P. rftdt? Ii.. green
1816. ss
jfit O w jl.au
962
itlica
/*.
Italian
W. Indies 1804. s
96J
sctsa f.P.rffde,. eetoee
W.
Indies 1780.
964sertcca
14 my.a
s Host, gr.it 15
& Europe
1548.
ju* O "g
965
germnica
P. de ,. silky
German
1805. s
jl.au
w 141 jl.au
966
gcniculta
Horn.
knee-jointed
s
dwarf
m
O
w
967
pmila
LA.
1819. s
w 2 jl.au
968
. G. H. 1820. s
* w 2 jl.au
969 macroclwe'ta
spera Lk. Lk. long-spiked
rough
Sp. 815.
. P.deB. Pricklv-orass. 3 Gramnea?.
146.970ECHINOCHLO'A.
s Hostgr.3. t51
Indies 180!,
jl.au
stagnna P.P.deB.
de B. pond
E Indies
1781. s
iin w*w 1J1 jl.au
971
crow's-foot
jLau
Britain moi. 6. S Eng. bot 876
S72 cruso.rvi
crus
glli
P.
de
B.
loose
Pnicum E. B.
Gramnea?. S/>. 2-6.
147.973ORTHOPCOON.
P. Ortiiopocon.
1 jajl Ap W.Indies 1795. s
hirtllus P. .wavy-lcaved
hairy
974undulatifliusfl.4S.
MM CS
O wag 1 jn.jl Ap S. Europe 175. s Hostgr.l t5S
S.Jamaica
2.
148LPEN1CIL'LARIA.
P.deB. Penicillaria. 2 Gramnea?.
1748. s Pl. al. t9l CS
y75cilita W.W.
fox-tail
O w S jL"
jn.jl AP
Ap India 1592. s PlaLtSi4
976spicta
Bull-rush
149.977LAPPA'GO.
W.
Gramnea?.
Sp.
1.
Lappao.
Host gr. t t S6
racemosa W,
branching O cu jLau Ap S. Europe 1771. S
150.978ponnta
STl'PA. W.W.
Sp.Britain
631. al. roc. D s.1 Eng. bot 1356
Feather-grass.b or 2 Gramnea?.
common
jl.au
Ap
SD CO C.ic5.t466.Cl
979nimilis
Amer. 1802.
i jl.au Ap France
low
Jhilk O cu
FI. grc.sib.1.
L 1122
85
1772.
980
jncea
W.P.Cao.ft
rush-leaved
cu
33 jljl.au Ap
1777.
DD Gmcl.
981
sibirica
Siberian
cu
Ap
Siberia
Hostgr.S.t5
982capillta IF.
Europe 1815.
Ap
capillary
jIBi
cu
2
jl.au
DestatLl.
tSO
1817.
D
CO
983 tenaclseima W. tough
cu 24. jLau Ap Spain
151. MUHLENBER'GIA. Sc/ir. Muhlbnberia. Gramnea?.
984 diflfisa Sehr.
spreading w |my.jn Ap .Xmer. 1816. S Sehr, g ut 51
152. CHJETU'RUS. Lk. Cii.ti:ru8.
Gramnea?. Sp.Spain
12.
985 laecicultus Lk. bundled
w ,i)La
Ap
153.986LAGU'RUS.
W.
HARE'8-IL-0.
Gramnea?.
ovtus FF.
oval-spiked O cu 1 jn Ap Guernsey bor.fi. S CO Eng. bot 1384
Hiitory,
Propagation,
Culture,
'"''
fin ',hi*usecountry
as such.
Of P. Uk,
miliaceum
there
are
two varieties,
the brown
and
They
l
!mM
poultry,
andMediterranean,
for
having
therender
husk
taken
off, toyellow.
' IT.
",1
ample supplies
received for
fromreeding
the shores
of the
the culture
ofbetheusedplantas
,, """"weens,
is said, by Unnseus,
to contend
for height with
.... the loftiest
in the Esst ana
Inis scarcely
a goose
quilL
resembles
that trees
of Commelma,
shoot*
in urn trie"i..i.culm
"wwwiyof thicker
uncKcrin than
man
quill. This culm res.
, Tin
- Vi .""""nM
woodsofandthejungles,
millet
1.'.""
? ?"M'.trees
n account
bristles of the involucrum. itlica is frequently called
for
I . .mllr^Tl
'"' l,,c s?mc"".
l>unee.TheS seeds
germanica
in Hungary
as foodremarkably
for hr.,
f inwhich
of hercmS
,7
maythe
beis cullivate.1
usedpreceding
as millet
Sparrows
garden,
to i.' 2 Hlfon!
,' .LT."1'ot,,er
"** to Curtis,
this and
two
genera,
whenarecultivated
m
1*&?
te*"*f;om
tnt from the time they come into flower.
fcmm
a'lli,
IVn-'.'"^grass
hrf8c-liog,andi,agrae,OTacce.untofthepricklyarpearanceofthchead>..l
owessy-.
trus.gall,
is acoarse
which grows thici arid close, and sUnds dry weather better than most other.
i IL
TRIANDRIA DGYNIA.
toiiaUtopihererert,
Glum
his with two beanie
hispid
i*.W7 Parie*
Prieta
ipreadine,
Stamens
ami
pisti
-*pirtib
coloured. Stem branchinjr*
divaricating
,
:. Leaves
-.es.~
55
PPP^SK3ig^5r ""^""^ b.'nn-r.U.c. Stan coping
setaceous
villous
1-flowcred
as long8 ae J0"01*!
florete,
Spitmpoundcontracted,
heaped,
longer
adnioiucrcs
Spikcl.
LndTS
I""
' contractai,
d InbSpikelets
il
hInvol.
setaceous
">"
'""erStemthan
theHatflouer,,
W^tetrosiiledcylind.
i-H bmllv
bristly,
Herrn,
palc
smoothiah,
asicmling,
bh Rachii hairy
9S7Stem
tnocheJ, SheathsInvoL
pubescent,
Spike dense
short.
Sets
none, Pales
smooth
!compoundtot
lluiten
the
lowest
sessile,than
Seta;florets
S tima big * floret*
Uuiters
reraorf
fhoi^.
' 4:..:.i.ir; rougi), t,Spike
simpleremote,
with naked
seta longer
Spies alternate
ooM&d alternate. Sp.keicU
Glumes 2-fl. bearded hispid
1Spitt
93Spitt
altenute one-sided,
and in pairs, Spiketetssubdivided.
subdivided,Glumes
Glumesbearded
beardedhispid,
hispid,Rachis
Rachistriangular
5-angular
apprested
Glume* torn,
the valves
9i.),
todiesabuut ten,Spikelets
Hachis very
hairy,alternate,
Glumes bearded
smoothAlla little
fringed,bearded
Leavesouter
ovatelargest
acum.
^JoToflhesttmimorth,
Involucres
ciliated
ofthe item villous, Involucres rough
971Theonly species
raBeariteswered
9**?P^tcW
ipiked nearly longer
included in the
Beard feathered
'BuiicukcJirraight,
the sheaths.
seed,
w rswwJansnakedGlumes
twice as long asthanglumes.
Seed*Leaves
woollysmooth inside
2 "
directions
stud
tswj abue,lw'*ed
Pmiciein arious^
nliform
Htarleibrincbedcompressed, I
^Theoeljrpscies. A plant looking like s Polypogon
Thelvspecits
*ei S fi* (but cMm J ,T-L1:'' inm vnum, anil ll

'^^.th,/ ^Memi",'NOr,,,A'"eri""'^ A Nonn
and . , J ** ' b"' "aWed b>
<V . , arranca
Th1 ANDRIA D1GYNIA.
36
154. POLYPO'GON. W.en. PolypogoN.

987 monspelinsis Desf panic-grass-like *. A w
155. GASTRI''DIUM. P. de B. GAstridiuM.
988 lendigerum
yellow
* O ag
Gramineae.
1 jlau
Ap
Gramineae.
3.jlau
Ap
CLAss III.
Sp. 1-8.
ritain
ways. S co
Eng. bot. 1704
san. fi. S. co
Eng. bot. 1107
Sp. 2.
itain
Milium E. B.
989 mticum Spr.
* O w
lin.jl.au
*
M.
*
*
4 jn.jl
2 jl.au
1 au
14.jl.au
hispid
* A w
beardless
*156. AGROSTIS. W.
BENT-GRAs.
990 Spica-venti W.
991 retrofrcta W. en
silky
broad-leaved
992 littorlis E. B.
90.3 vulgris E. B.
sea-side
fine
994 hispida W.
99.5 stolonifera JV.
996 lba W.
997 verticillta W.
Fiorin
marsh
998 sylvtica L.
wood
$999 calamagrstis W.
w
w
w
w
S.
S.
S
S
Ap
Europe
A w
Britain moi. m. C
Britain
mar. S.
S. Europe 1800. S
Britain woods S
Britain
dit. S
A
A
A
A
CD
2
1:
1
1
2
Gramineae.
jn.jl
Ap
jlau - Ap
1002 rupstre Schr.
jl
Ap
1003 setceum R. & S.
jl.au Ap
1004 laxiflrum Mich.
jLau
Ap
158. TRISTEGIS. Nees. TRistedis.
Graminee.
1005 glutinsa Nees
clammy
* A cu
ljn.jl
Ap
159. SPORO'BOLUS. B. P. SpoRobolus.
Gramineae.
1006 indicus B. P.
Indian
* O cu 2 au.o
Ap
1007 tenacissimus W.
tough
Al DA] cu
au.s
Ap
160. Al ROPSIS. Desu
Ainopsis.
Gramineae.
$1008 involucrta Cav.
involucred
* O w 1 jn
Ap
* 161. Ci N*NA. P. de B.
CINNA.
Gramineae.
$1009 mexicna W.
Mexican
* A w 1 jn.s
Ap
1010 arundincea L.
reedy
* \ w, 3 jn.s
Ap
*162. PSAMM.A. P. de B. MAt-GRAss.
Gramineae.
1011 arenrium
BC
* A w 2 Jn.jl
Ap
decumbent
brown
rock
1819. S co
ngland san. fi.

N. Holl. 1806.
England sal. m.
Britain me. pa.
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
*157. TRICHODIUM. Mi
1000 declimbens Mi.
1001 caninum W. en.
Sicily
Sp. 10-110.
1 Jl.au
* A w.
Mil.
TRichodium.
*
*
*
bristly
*
loose-flowered a
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
1 jl
14.jl
1 jn.jl
*jn.jl
2 jl
nk a ag
wk A w
whorl-flowered ui O w
reedy
Ap
Gramincar.
O
A
A
a
ag
w
w
w
w
s.l.
s.l
1
1
Eng bot 951

Eng. bot. 1261
Eng. bot. 1671
1805. S co, Lers. hrb. t.A. f.3
Sp. 5-16.
. Amer. 1786
h.1 Eng. bot. 1532

m.s Eng bot. 1189
co
m.s Lers. hrb. t.4 f3
co
S co
Britain
# S
S. Europe 1815 S
Britain dr. he. S
N. Amer. 1818. S.
Sp. 1.
...... 1822. S.
Sp. 2-10.
India
1773. S
E. Indies 1801. S
Sp. 1-6.
Spain
1820. S.
Sp. 2.
America 1780. S.
Canada 1799. S.
Sp. 1-2.
Britain seaco. S
co
co
co
co
Fras mo, cu. ic.
Eng. bot. 1856

Schr.ger.l..t.3.f5
Eng.: bot. 1188
Mich.am. 1. t.8
co
Hor. ber. t. 7
co
co
Slo.jam-1.t.73.f.1
Jacq. ic.rar. t. 16
co
Cav.ic. t.44. f. 1
l.p
m.s Schrb.gram. 1.49
s
Eng. bot. 520
Arundo E. B.
163. CRYPSIS. W.
1012 aculeta W.
1013 schoenoides Lam,
CRYpsis.
prickly
Mil. Ow
Mik O w
rush-like
164 ALOPECURUS. W. Fox-tail-anass.

1014 bulbsus JV.
bulbous
* A w
1015 pratnsis W.
meadow
All a ag
1016 alpinus E. B.
Alpine
* A w
1017 agrstis W.
slender
* Ow
Graminee. Sp. 2-8.

* au
Ap S. Europe 1783. S co
i au
Ap S. Europe 1783. S co
Gramineae. Sp. 8-21.
1 jl
Ap
England
2 my
Ap Britain
*my.jn Ap Scotland
1: jl.au
Ap Britain
sal. m.
mea.
sc. mo.
ro, sid.
S.
S.
S.
S.
m.s
h.l
s.1
s.1
Host, gra.1. t.31

Host. gra.l. t.30
Eng.
Eng
Eng
Eng.
bot. 1949
bot. 759
bot. 1126
bot. 848
99.
History, Use, Propagation, culture,
154. Polypogon. Named by M. Desfontaines from rexv, much, and rayan, beard, in allusion to its bearded
heads.
155. Gastridium. From grel212, a little swelling: the glumes are ventricose at the base. A very small
grass, formerly referred to Milium.
156. Agrostis. , Derived from 42.8%, a field. Agrostis was the name given by the Greeks to all grasses.
Of this genus the most remarkable species is the A. stolonifera or
so much
recommended by Dr.
Richardson; but respecting which the opinion of practical men is still unsettled, and, on the whole, rather un
favorable than otherwise. It seems to suit the climate and soil of Ireland, and to be more productive and nutritive
there than any where else. In the account of the Woburn experiments on grasses, it is observed of fiorin, that
it appears to possess merits well worthy of attention, though, perhaps, not so great as has been supposed, if the
natural place of its growth and habits be impartially taken into the account. It is called squitch, quick, &c.
like the common couch-grass, from the length of time it retains its vital power.
Like other plants, which pro
pagate themselves abundantly by extension of their parts, it rarely bears seeds, and is therefore propagated by
cuttings of the stems laid
drills
an inch deep, and
, covered with soil.
A. vulgaris, which in
dry arable land is called the black quitch, is the most common and earliest of the bents, but inferior to several
in produce, and the quantity of nutritive matter it affords. The bents are generally rejected by the agricul
turist on account of their lateness of flowering; but this circumstance, as Sinclair observes (Davy's Agr. Chem.
App. lxxv.) does not always imply a proportional lateness of foliage. A. vulgaris is in leaf by the middle of
April. ..A.
is two weeks later, and A. nivea, and repens, three weeks later. In the south of France
and
'#:r:
$ Poor people collect the stolons of different species of agrostis by the roadsides and hedges, and
expose t
* sale in the market places in small bundle', a food for horses.
ORLER II.
TRIANDRIA D1GYN1A.
57
987 Panicle contracted, somewhat spiked, Glumes somewhat pubescent with a smooth edge
988 Panicle spiked ventricose at base, Glumes acuminate shining, Flowers bearded
989 Flowers beardless
990 Panicle whorled spreading, Beard very long below the end of the outer paleae (Apera P. de B.)
991 Panicle much spreading, Beard bent inwards, Paleae hairy, Culm ascending branched at the base
992 Glumes linear-lanc. bearded, Paleae naked, Beard nearly term. straight, Culm decumbent
P. de B.
993 Branches of pan. smoothish, Branchlets at the time of flow. divar. Ligula : short trunc. (Wilfa P. de
994 Branches of pan.
Fl. purple, Branchlets much spreading rather lax, Ligula oblong (Wilfa P. de B.)
995 Pan contracted, Culm branched creeping, Flowers clustered, Glumes equal lanc. pubesc. (Pitfa P. de B.)
996 Branches of pan. hispid, FL white, Branchl. much spreading rather lax, Ligula
P. de is:
997 Whorls of the pan approxim closely covered all over with flowers, Florets beardless (Wilfa P. de B.)
998 Panicle contracted beardless, Glumes equal, Flowers viviparous (Wilfa P. de B.)
999 Beard term. curved, Hairs longer than paleae, Panicle diffused, Glumes acumin. (Achnatherum P. de B.)
#%
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
Pan very branching, Branchestrichot. much sprdg hispid, Glumes acute, Paleae beardless, Stem decumb.
Branches of panicle di-trichotomous roughish, Glumes acute, Leaves of stem wider than those of root
Branches of panicle nearly 3-chotomous roughish, Glumes acuminate, Paleae with two short beards at end
Glumes lanceolate, Paleae with a jointed beard at their base, Radical leaves setaceous
Culms erect, Leaves narrow short, Sheaths roughish, Panicle very capillary and loose
1005. A little agrostis-like plant. The only species

1006 Panicle contracted beardless. Racemes lateral erect alternate
1007 Pan. elong contr. nearly spiked, Florets beardless, Glumes uneq twice as short as paleae which are uneq.
1008 Panicle spreading, with a setaceous involucre, Florets beardless

1009 Panicle contracted beardless, Flowers acuminate often monandrous, Leaves flat rough
1010 Panicle much branched oblong close, Branches erect, Paleae beardletted, Ligula torn
1011 Panicle spiked, Glumes acute, Hairs 3 times as short as paleae, Leaves involute
1012 Stems branched compressed, Panicle spiked hemisphaerical surrounded by a leafy involucre, Diandrous
1013 Stems branched compressed, Panicle spiked oblong sheathed at base, Triandrous
1014 Stem erect, Spike very simple attenuated, Glumes distinct villous, Root bulbous
1015 Stem erect smooth, Pan. subspiked cylindrical obtuse thick, Glumes fringed connate below the middle
1016 Stem erect smooth, Spike ovate, Glumes villous bearded nearly as long as the beard of the paleae
1017 Stem generally erect roughish upwards, Panicle spiked cylind. acute, Glumes connate below the middle
1008
1010
A 1011
< 1
157. Trichodium. Named from 62.3 reuxor, hair, on account of its capillary inflorescence. T. decumbens is
the famous Agrostis cornucopiae of Frazer, respecting which so much was said some years ago; but which
upon trial did not prove so valuable an agricultural grass as it was represented to be.
158. Tristegis From reus, three, and six", a covering, on account of the three glumes or valves of the calyx.
159. Sporobolus. From a recor, a seed, and 8xxxa, to cast forth. Its grains are loose, and easily fall out of
their husks.
160. Airopsis. A word formed by M. Desvaux, from Aira, and ovir, like. The genus resembles Aira in ap
*aranco.
161. Cinna.
An ancient name used by Dioscorides, who ascribes heating and stimulating qualities to this
grass when eaten by cattle, whence the name (from xur, to heat). Linnaeus applied it to this genus of Ameri
can grasscs.
162. Psamma.
From Alawica, sand, in which this grass grows in vast abundance on the sea-coasts of
Europe. P. arenarium has a strong creeping perennial root with many tubers at the joints, the size of a pea.
It is planted and encouraged on the coast of Norfolk to aid in fixing the sand against the action of the wind
and tides, which it effects in a surprising manner. The marrum, as it is called, is considered of so much im
portance that there are severe laws to prohibit its being destroyed. Mats are made of it, and it is used as
thatch.
163. Crypsis. From *vrral, to conceal; the heads of flowers being at one time concealed in the sheaths of
the leaves.
164. Alopccurus. Axarw, a fox, and wea, a tail: fox-tail, A. pratensis is one of the best of meadow-grasses,
possessing the three great requisites of quantity, quality, and earliness, in a superior degree to any other. It is
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
58
1018 genicultus W.
1019 fulvus E. B.
1020 utricultus Pers,

1021 nigricans Horn.
165 PHLE'UM. W.
1022 pratnse W.
1023 alpinum W.
floating
* A w
orange-spiked M. A w.
bladdered
* O w
blackish
* A w
CAt's-tail-GRAss.
All A ag
All A w
* A w
smooth-spiked M. Ow
slender-spiked * A w
166. ACHNODONTON. P. de B. AchNoDoN roN.
102.7 Bellrdi. P. de B.
bulbous
Ali. A w.
1028 tenue R. & S.
slender
* O w
*167. CHILOCHLOA. P. de B. Chilochloa.
1029
Phalaris-like sui O w
1024 nodsum W.
1025 felinum Sm.
1026 Michlii W. en.
r.
leum E.
1030 arenria #
Phalaris E. B.
1031 Schr.
common
Alpine
knotted
1
I
1
4
my...au
jn
jl.au
jn.jl
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Gramineae.
CLAss III.
Britain mea. S ms
England ponds. S m.s
Italy
1777. S co
Europe
1815. S co
Gramineae.
Host. gram.3.t."
Jac. ecl. gra. t. 13
.58.
2 jl
Ap
ritain me pa.
1 jl
Ap Scotland scalp.
1}.jls
Ap Britain Wales.
1 jl
Ap Greece, 1819.
1 jn.jl
Ap Scotland al. roc.
Graminee. Sp. 2.
*jn.jl
Ap Spain
1798.
1 jn.jl
Ap
esopota. 1804.
13 jLs
Eng. bot. 1250

Eng bot. 1467
*: 3-6.
S.
S.
S
S
S.
m.s
h.1
co
co
co
S co
S co
Eng. bot. 1076

Eng bot 519
Flor. dan. t.380
Eng bot. 2265
-
Barr. ic. t.14 fi

-
Ap
.ngland plains. S co
Eng bot. 459
* Ow
#jlau
Ap
England sea co. S co
Eng bot. 222
rough
* O w
Phleum paniculatum E. B.
*168. PHALARIS. W. en CANARY-GRAss.
1 jLau
Ap
England
Eng bot. 1077
sea
hea. S co
Graminee. So. 8-23.

$103: arundincea P. S. reed-like
* A w 4 jl
Ap
ritain
dit, sco
1033 canarinsis W.
common
* Q ag 2 jn.au Ap Britain unc. pl. S. r.m
1934 aqutica W.
water
* Q w 13 jn.]]
Ap Fgypt
1778. S. co
1933 capensis W.
cape
* Q w 1 jnji
Ap G. G. H. 1804. s co
1036 caerulescens Desf, blue
* Q w 1.jnji
Ap Spain
1818. S. s.l.
10:37 paradxa W.
bristle-spiked * O w
.jnji
Ap Levant 1687. S co
1038 seminutra R. & S. half-barren
* A w 2 jnji
Ap Hungary 1813. S co
1039 bulbsa W.
bulbous
Mil. A w
169. CORYNE PHORUS. P. de B. Clua-GRAss.
1040
P. de B. grey
* A w
is a E. B.
*170. AIRA. W.
1041 aqutica W.
1042 caespitsa W.
104.3 laevigta L. T.
1044 truncta W.
104.5 mdia Gouan.
* A w.
Mil. A w
turfy
Gramineae.
.jlau
Ap
1} my.jn Ap
3 au
Ap
Spain
1798. S. co
gland san.sh. S. s.l
*:ritain
825.
Britain
Ap
Scotland scalp. S s
Ap
N. Amer. 1819. S s
1.jn.jl
Ap
Ap
S. Europe 1820 S s
Spain.
1820. S s
M. A w
pretty
Mik O w
Mil. A w.
silver
All Ow
OAT-GRAss.
short
Tartarian
ritain
Britain
Sp 934.
* Ow
* O ag
Host-gra. 2. t.40
-
Cav. ic. l. t. 64
hea, s! Eng bot. 1519

sapas. S s.l
Eng. bot.812
Germany 1804. S co
......
Eng. bot. 1190
m.s.p. S. m.s Eng. bot. 1453

Eng. bot. 2102
Act. petr. 11. t.7
1 jnji
intermediate
Host. gra. 2. t.39

Buxb.cent.4.t.53
*
pools. Sms Eng bot. #
1 jn.jl
waved
Eng. bot. 40:

Eng: bot. 1310
Sp. 1-2.
Pennsylvanian ul. A w
1046 pulchlla W.
1049 brevis Jy.

1050 orientlis W.
Ap
smooth-sheath. * A w
1047 flexuosa hy.
1048 caryophyllea W.
*171. AVE'NA. P. S.
1 jn.jl
Graminee.
HAIR-GRAss.
water
1798. S. co
Host gra. 3. t2
Host, gra. 3. t.44

often fit for the scythe by the middle of May; it flowers twice a-year, and gives more bulk and weight of hay
than any other grass. At Woburn the produce was nearly three-fourths greater from a clayey loam than from
a sandy soil, and the grass from the latter was of comparatively less value in the proportion of four to six.
What is almost peculiar to this grass, Poa pratensis and Anthoxanthum odoratum, the value of the grass of the
latter math considerably exceeds that of the crop at the time of first flowering. A. geniculatus, and most of the
'.
of this genus (A. agrestis excepted) are valuable grasses both for hay and pasture.
165. Phleum. We have no information as to what the 4xtor of the Greeks was. The name being unoccupied
other
has been applied by Linnaeus to this plant. Some think the plant of the ancients was our Typha. P. pratense,
the timothy-grass (so named from Timothy Hanson, who brought it from New York and Carolina about 1780),
varies much in size according to soil and situation, and the root becomes bulbous in very dry grounds. Opi
nions are different as to its merits. Dr. Walker (Rural Econ. Hebrides, ii. 27.) thinks it may be introduced
into the Highlands with good effect. W. Salisbury says, it is coarse and late. At Woburn, its comparative
merits were considered very great.
It produces abundance of fine foliage early in spring, which, as it flowers
late, may be cropped till an advanced period of the season without injury to the crop of hay." Unlike the
Alopecurus pratensis, the value of the grass as hay when the seed is ripe is to that when it is in flower as 10 to
#3. P. nodos'm has gibbous joints, which might have been expected to be sugary like those of Fiorin, which,
however, is not the case, as Sir H. i)avy them to be less nutritive than those of P. pratense, in the pro
portion of 8 to 28.
166. Achnodonton. From ax, a chaff or husk, and #2"s, a tooth, in allusion to the toothed paleae or inner
valves of the flower.
167. Chilochloa. A genus formed by M. de Beauvois, to contain certain grasses referable to both Phalaris
and Phleum, as formerly constituted. The name is derived from xixer, fodder, and xxon, grass; but none of
the species are remarkable for their qualities as grasses useful in husbandry.
ORDER II.
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
59
1018 Stem ascending knee-jointed, Panicle spiked cylindrical obtuse, Glumes connate at base obtuse
1019 Stem ascending knee-jointed, Spike compound cylindrical, Glumes obtuse fringed, Anthers orange col.
1020 Stem ascend. Raceme spiked ov. Glumes with a hairy keel beyond the mid. dilated, Upper sheath inflated
1021 Stem erect, Pan. spiked cylind. atten. at base, Glumes will. fringed, Beards of paleae twice as long as glumes
1022 Raceme spiked cylindrical, Glumes truncate mucronate with a fringed keel, Beard shorter than glume
1023 Raceme spiked ovate oblong, Glumes truncate mucronate with a fringed keel, Beard as long as glume
1024 Like P. pratense, but stems lower, Raceme shorter, ivoot knotty. A mere variety
1025 Spike ovate, Beard longer than glume divaricate angular rough, Root fibrous
1026 Panicle hairy spiked cylindrical, Glumes lanceolate acuminate with a fringed keel
1027 Glumes keeled smooth membranous at edge
1028 Outer glume a little prickly at the back
1029 Panicle spiked cylindrical smooth, Glumes lanceolate mucronate obtuse roughish
1030 Panicle spiked oblong ovate, Glumes lanceolate acute with a fringed keel, Stems ascending
1031 Panicle spiked cylindrical, Glumes wedge-shaped mucronate rough
1032 Panicle spreading heaped, Outer paleae pencilform, inner shining

1033 Panicle spiked ovate, Glumes navicular entire at the end, Outer paleac 2
1034 Panicle spiked oblong ovate, Glumes navicular toothed at end, Outer palea 1
1035 Panicle spiked oblong, Glumes navicular nearly entire, Outer palea 1, Stem knee-jointed
1036 Stem naked upwards, Spike slender lax, Glumes keeled acute
1087 Pan. spiked cylindrical, Intermediate floret hermaphrodite acuminate, the rest imperfect bitten oft
1038 Panicle diffuse, Glumes acute shorter than florets, One floret hermaphrodite, cne neuter
1039 Panicle beardless cylindrical spiked, Paleae 2 smooth, Root bulbous
1040 Pan spreading afterwards contracted, Florets less than glume, Beard clavate less than glume
1041 Pan. diffuse, Glumes obtuse, Florets longer than glumes (Catabrosa P. de B.)
1042 Panicle diffuse, Florets as long as glumes, Beard straight short, Leaves flat (Deschampsia P. de B.)
1043 Pan, contr. Glumes bearded villous at base, Rachis smooth very short, Leaves flat (Deschampsia P. de B.)
1044 Beardless, Panicle lanceolate lax erect, One floret stalked the other sessile, Leaves pubescent
1045 Leaves bristly, Stem naked, Panicle lax, Florets hairy at base, Beard nearly terminal shorter
1046 Pan. divar. . trichot. Flor. 3-fl. larger than glumes, Beard jointed longer than glumes, Leaves set.
1047 Bearded, Pan, spreading trichot. Pedunc. wavy, Florets scarcely longer than glume, Leaves setaceous
1048 Bearded, Pan. trichot. Florets less than glume, Beard dorsal jointed longer than glume
1049 Pan. one-sided, Spikelets short 2-flowered, Florets as long as glume obtuse 2-toothed at end, Root fibrous
1050 Pan. 1-sided contracted, Spikelets 2-fl. less than glumes, One floret beardless, Root fibrous
138. Phalaris. . An ancient name said to have arisen out of taxes, brilliant, because the
plant had shining
grains. P. canariensis is cultivated for the seeds, which are given to singing birds, and more especially the
canary. It requires a loamy soil, well manured, clean, and in good tilth. "The grain is sown in February, in
drills, six inches apart, and the plants are thinned to two inches distance in the rows. The growth of canary
grass
is slower than that of the common weeds, with which it is in consequence liable to be overrun, if they
are not ' under by hoeing and hand-weeding. The culture of this grass is chiefly carried on in the isle of
Thanet,
where the chaff is esteemed as a horse food; but the straw being short, it produces little fodder or
Inan"ure.
a:,'"
From **urn, a club, and ***, to bear. The beard is jointed, and the last articulation is
. 170. Aira, is the name applied by the Greeks to the Lolium of the Romans, our Lolium temulentum. It
signifies something deadly," in allusion to the dangerous effects of that plant; but the name has no refer.
ence to any species of the genus to which it has been applied by Linnaeus. A. aquatica is relished by cattle,
and water-fowl are fond of the young shoots and seeds. It is introduced in decoys, by throwing plants in the
water with a weight tied to them. A. caespitosa is common in marsh-meadows, and occasions those excre
scences called tussocks or hassocks which interrupt the progress of the scythe. Though cows eat the grass,
horses will not. The stifferect stalks frequently bear viviparous flowers.
171 Avena. - A name of obscure origin. De This thinks it has been derived from the Celtic word aten
which comes from etan, to eat; and whence our common word ait, oat, has been obtained. A sativa is the
common cultivated oat, and A. nuda and tartarica are also sometimes cultivated. Of the first species there
*e numerous varieties; some more permanent, as the white and black; others temporary, as the potatoe oat,
Angus cat, &c. No botanist has been able to ascertain satisfactorily the native place of this or any other of
our cultivated grains. A. fatua is accounted a distinct species; but some think the naked, tartarian, common,
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
60
1051 sativa W.
1032 nuda W.
1053 fatua W.
1054 sterilis W.
Common
1055 pratensis W.
1056 praecox P. de B.
Aira E. B.
1057 hirsuta Roth.
* O ag
* O ag
* O w
3 jn.jl
2 jn.jl
4 au
Ap
Ap
CLAss III.
... s rim
Host gra. 2. t.59
naked
wild
Animal-oat
meadow
* cu 4 jLau
Ap
Ap
......
... s r.m Host gra.: t:
Britain cor fi. S. co Host gra. 2. t.58
Barbary 1640. S Go Host gra-3: t:57
* A ag 1, jn.jl
Ap
Britain me pa. Shil Eng-bot. 1204
early
* Ow
* myjn Ap
Britain
hea. S co Eng bot. 1296
hirsute
172. This ETUM. P. S.
* O w
3 jn.s
Ap
Barbary
TRIsetuM.
1798. S co
-
1058 stritum P. S.
striated
* Ow
1} jlau
Ap
1059 Loflinginum W.
1060 flavscens R. & S.
Loefling's
yellowish
* O w
* A w
1 jn.jl
11.jn.jl
Ap
Ap
S. Europe 1804. S co Lrs herb, t:9 f:

Spain
1770 sco Cav.ic-1.t:45 fi
6 il
N. Amer. 1785 S co
Britain ch. pa. D s.l
Eng.bot. 1640
Eng. bot.2141
Britain
...
S. co
Eng. bot. 952
Avna E. B.
1; jLau
Ap
Ap
* A w
11 jn.s
Ap
Britain
1064 distichophyllum Sc. fan-leaved

All A w.
1065 airoides P. de B.
Aira-like
M. Ow
173 DANTHONIA. P. de B. DANTHoN1A.
1066 strigsa P. de B.
meagre
* O w
'' jn.s
jn.jl
Ap
Switzerl. 179; D co Host gra.g. t.33
1061 pensylvnic. P. de B. Pennsylvanian M. Ow

1062 pubscens R. & S. downy
* A w
Avena E. B.
1063 planicalme
flat-stalked
Avena E. B.
scalp. D co
Ap Switzerl. 1800. S. co
3 jn.jl
Ap Britain
hed. S co
Host-gra. 2. t.45
Eng bot. 1266
Graminee. Sp. 1.
1% jnau Ap Spain
Host. gra.2. t. 54
Avena E. B.
174. GAUDI/NIA. P. de B. GAudiNiA.

1067 frgilis P. de B.
brittle
*175. ARUN/DO. With.
Reed.
1068 epigjos W.
wood
1069 stricta E. B.
upright
1070 sylvtica Schr.
wild
1071 Dnax W.
cultivated
8 versicolor
striped
1072 phragmites W.
Common
* A w
Gramineae.
*
*
*
*
*
*
A
a
A
Z\
z\,
A
w 2 jl
w 1: jl.au
w 3 jl.au
ec 10 jLau
or 3 jl.au
ec 6 jl.s
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
1778. D co
Sp. 5-33.
ritain moi.w.
Scotland sc. ma.
Germany 1813.
S. Europe 1648.
S. Europe 1648.
Britain
dit.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
m.s
m.s
m.s
co
co
m.s
*176 CHRYSU'RUS P. S. Chrysurus.

Graminee. Sp. 2-4.
1073 aireus P. de B.
golden-spiked * Ow
* jl
Ap
Aevant
1770. S. co
1074 echintus P. de B rough
* O w 2 au
Ap
England san. fi. S. s.1
177. SESLERIA. P. de B. SesleR1A.
1075 elongta Host.
long-spiked
M. A w 11.jn.jl
Ap Germany 1805. S co
1076 caerlea Schr.
blue
* A w 1 myjn Ap Britain fields. S co
Cynosurus E. B.
1077 tenella Host.
weak
* A pr. ; ap.my Ap Switzerl. 1819. S. co
1078 sphaerocphala Ard round-headed M. a pri ap.my Ap Switzerl. 1819. S co
-
1056
1060
Eng. bot. 403

Eng bot. 2160
Host gra. 4. t-49
Host gra. 4. t.38
Mor. h. 3. t.8. f.9
Eng bot. 401
Host. gra. 3. t.4
Eng bot. 1333
Host gra.2 t 97
Eng bot. 1613
Host-gra.e.t.100
Host gra. 2. t.99
1062

and wild oat originally the same. The wild oat is remarkable for the length of time the grain will lie in the
soil, and retain its vegetative powers; its awns are sometimes used as hygrometers, and its seeds as artificial
flies in fishing. Where it abounds naturally it is an inveterate weed.
The oat, in an agricultural point of view, is a grain only calculated for cold climates. In Italy and France,
and even in the southern counties of England, the ears are small and husky, and afford little
the panicle
is open, and the foot-stalks of the ears small; and in July and August the #: dries them up, and obstructs the
progress of the sap to the grain. On the other hand, this naked airy panicle is better for drying after rains and
dews than the close spikes of wheat and barley, which, while they serve to guard the ears from the extremes
of heat in warm climates, are apt to rot or become mouldy (covered with fungi) in cold moist countries or sea
I'',
sons. The grain of the oat, though chiefly used as food for horses, is also more or less a bread corn in every
country where it is generally cultivated. Fourteen pounds of grain yield eight pounds of meal; in some places,
as Yorkshire and Aberdeenshire, this meal is ground nearly as fine as flour; in others, as at Edinburgh, it is
made of a coarser quality. The kernel freed from the husk, and entire, is used for gruels, and forms an article
of commerce with
Bremen, and some towns where the grains are grown to a large size on the variety
'en,
known as the Friesland oat. The fine powder which is produced by the operation of husking the corn, or
making grist, forms a jelly, the sowens of the Scotch, and furmerty of the Irish, an agreeable and wholesome
food. Water-gruel from a coarse oatmeal, is esteemed a cooling laxative drink.

A. nuda, the naked, or hill-oat, or peel-corn, when ripe drops the grains from the husks. It was
cultivated in Worlige's time in the north of England, Scotland, and Wales, because the kernel threshes clean
out of the husk, and need not be carried to the mill to be made into meal or grist. It was made into meal by
the lower classes, by drying on the hearth, and bruising in a stone mortar, as still practised in the Highlands of
Scotland, in Lapland, Ceylon, China, and in every country under certain circumstances of civilization. In the
low country of Scotland, the quern mills, as they were now no longer in use, may be seen neglected or
dilapidated, by the doors or about the gardens of cottages and villages, where they were formerly in use.
Avena sterilis is sometimes grown as an object of curiosity, under the name of the animal oat, on account
of its singular hygrometrical properties. After the seeds have fallen off the strong beard is so sensible of alter
TRIANDRIA DIGYN1A.
ORDER II.
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
61
Pan. equal, Spikelets 2-fl. Florets smaller than glumes at the base naked 1-bearded, Root fibrous
Pan equal, Spikelets 3-fl. longer than glumes, Florets naked at base, Root fibrous
Pan. equal, Spikelets 3-fl. Florets less than glumes, hairy at base, all bearded, Root fibrous
[fibrous
Pan. 1-sld. Spikel. 5-fl. Florets less than glumes lower bearded and hairy upper beardless and smooth, Root
Rac. simp.
5-fl. Flor. long. than glms. Lvs. rough in tufts very narrow and complicated, Root fibrous
Pan. sub-spiked, Florets nearly equal to the glume, Beard jointed longer than glume, Leaves setaceous
1057 Pan. spread. Glumes 3-fl. Florets linear 2-bearded at end very hairy below the middle, Beard dorsal jointed
1058 Pan. equal, Spikelets about 3-fl. Florets longer than the glume the lower with a beard under the end
10:59 Pan. contracted 1-sided, Spikelets 2-fl. Outer glume bifid 2-bearded, Dorsal beard reflexed
1060 Pan. lax, Outer glume bifid, Spikelets 3-fl. Ligula truncate obsolete, Lower sheaths pubesc. Root creeping
1061 Pan. slender, Glumes 2-fl. Seeds villous, Beard twice as long as glume
1062 Pan. sub-spik. equal, Spikelets about 3-fl. Florets longer than cal. hairy at base, Lvs. pubesc. Rootcreeping
1063 Pan. erect nearly simp. Glumes about 5-fl. Recept. bearded at end, Leaves serrulate naked, Sheaths rough
1064 Pan, equal, Spikel, 3-fl. Flor as long as glume, Lvs. distichous smth. Mouth of sheaths hairy, Root creeping
1065 Panicle nearly spiked, Beard at length reflexed longer than glume
1066 Panicle one-sided, Spikelets 3-flowered, Florets 3-bearded as long as glume, Root fibrous
1067 Spike jointed brittle 3 or 4 inches long, Leaves flat slightly hairy
1068
1069
1070
1071
Pan. upright sprdg. Glumes acum. Dorsal beard straight shorter than the hairs which are as long as glume
Pan. upright spreading, Glumes acute, Dorsal beard straight as long as palea which is longer than hairs
Panicle spreading, Glumes acute, Hairs very short, Dorsal beard jointed longer than glume
Glumes about 3-5-flowered, Florets as long as the glume, Stem woody at base (Donar. P. de B.)
1072 Glumes 5-flowered, Florets very little longer than glumes

1073 Stems erect, Sheaths very smooth, Ligulas large elongated, Panicle close many-flowered
1074 Pan. contr. ovate, Spikelets bearded, Leaves lanceolate, Bractes pinnate scarious with very long beards
1075 Raceme spiked cylindrical, Spikelets 3-flowered, Outer palea 3-5-bearded, Root stoloniferous
1076 Raceme spiked subovate oblong, Bractes entire, Spikelets 2-3-flow. Outer palea 3-5-bearded, Leaves flat
-
1077 Raceme spiked ovate nearly naked, Spikelets 2-flowered, Bractes toothletted, Outer palea 5-bearded
1078 Raceme in a round head, Outer palea with one beard, Leaves fine keeled
ation in the atmosphere as to keep them in an apparently spontaneous motion, when they resemble some gro
tesque insect
on the ground.
172. Trisetum. (Three bristles); on account of the three beards or awns of the flower. Trisetum pubescens,
according to the Woburn experiments (vii.), possesses several good qualities, which recommend it to parti
cular notice. It is hardy, early, and more productive than many others which affect similar soils and situ
ations. It appears well calculated for permanent pasture on rich light soils, Trisetum flavescens is also a use
ful grass; but the most valuable as a grass is the Avena elatior, L. the Holcus avenaceus of Eng. Bot, which
will be noticed hereafter in its
proper place.
(In Polygamia monoecia, under Arrhenatherum).
173. Danthonia. A genus containing some incongruous species of Avena, and named after M. Danthoine, a
French botanist.
174. Gaudinia.
Named in honor of M. Gaudin, a Swiss botanist, who paid great attention to the study of
grasses, and who published an Agrostographia Helvetica in 1811, still a work of reputation.
175. Arundo. An ancient name of doubtful origin; perhaps, as a recent author conjectures, from aru, the
Celtic word for water. Phragmites is derived from zeaxaos, a hedge or separation. A. donax, Canne, Fr.,
Rohr, Ger, and canni di Giardini, Ital is common in the south of France and Italy, where it is cultivated as
fence-wood, for supporting the vine, for fishing-rods, and a great variety of purposes. In Spain and Portugal
it forms an article of commerce, and supplies materials for the looms, fishing-rods, &c. of this country. The
striped-leaved variety (gardener's garters) used formerly to be a common inhabitant of gardens.

A. phragmites, Roseau de Marais, Fr. Gemeine Rohr, Ger.; and Canna palustre, Ital is used for thatch
ing, for protecting embankments or sea-dykes, for ceilings to cottages, verandahs, and rustic buildings; to lay
across the frame of wood work as the foundation for plaister floors, and for screens and hot-bed covers in
kitchen gardens. The panicles will dye wool green; and the roots, it is said, are good in liver complaints, like
those of Triticum repens.
176. Chrysurus. From xevros, gold, and 95%, a tail; the compact heads of flowers are of a bright yellow
color.
177. Sesleria. A genus named by Scopoli, after Leonard Sesler, a physician and botanist, who contributed to
-
--
- - -
62
TRIANDRIA DIGYN1A.
178. CYNOSU'RUS. P. S. Doo's-tail-anass.

1079 cristtus W.
crested
* A ag
179. KOELERIA. P. S.
KoeleR1A.
1080 cristta P. S.
crested
* A w
1081 tubersa P. S.
tuberous
* A w
1082 pubscens P. de B. pubescent
* Q) w
1083 phleoides P. S.
cat's-tail
All O w
1084 hispida D. C.
hispid
* Ow
180. DACTYLIS. W.en. Cock's-foot-GRAss.
1085 glomerta W.
rough
* A
1086 hispnica W en.

1087 glauca Rth.
glaucous
ag
* A w
* A w
creeping
*
spreading
*
181. GLYCER1A. R. Br. Glyceria.
1090 flitans B. P.
floating
*
*182. FESTU/CA. W.
FEscue-GRAss.
$1091 tenlla Ph.
slender
*
1092 ovina JV.
sheep's
*
1093 vivipara E. B.
viviparous
M.
1094 rubra W.
creeping
*
1095 duriscula W.
har
*
1096 amethystina W.
blue
*
1097 caesia E. B.
grey
*
1088 rpens Desf.
1089 ptens H. K.
1098 dumetrum W.
$1099 calamria E. B.
1100 triflra E. B.
1101 spadicea W.
1102 pratensis E. B.
1103 vaginta W en.
1104 mexicana Donn.
1105 pubscens W en
1106 flavscens Bell.
1107 pannnica Wulf.

1108 decidua E. B.
1109 eltior W.
1110 dindra Ph.
$1111 lolicea W.
1112 grandiflora Ph.
1113 rbens P. S.
1114 glanca P. S.
1115 cilita P.S.
1116 nutans Ph.
bushy
A w
A w
Graminee. Sp. 1-8.

2 au
Ap
Britain
1 jn.au Ap
Britain
1 jlau
Ap Europe
1 jn.jl
Ap S. Europe
1 jl.au
Ap Portugal
#jLau
Eng bot. 316
Eng bot. 648

Lam, ill. t.45, f4
Ger prov. t. 1
Desf atl. 1. t.23
S
1802. S
1800. S
1802. S
co
co
co
co
Mediterr. 1819. S co Savi. pis. t. 1.f.5
*: 5-19.
2 jn.jl
Ap
ritain
2 jn.jl
Ap Spain
2 jn.jl
Ap Saxony
*jn.jl
Ap Barbary
2 aus
Ap N. Amer.
Graminee. Sp. 1.
Eng bot. 335
1814. S co
1800. S co
1821. S. co
1781. S co
Desf atl. 1. t. 15
11 my...au Ap
Gramineae. Sp.27-66.
* jilau
Ap N. Amer. 1804. S co
jn
Ap Britain dr.pa. S. s.1 Eng.bot. 585
jl
Ap Britain sc. mo. S. s.l.. Eng bot. 1355
1 jl
Ap Britain me pa. S. h.l Eng, bot 2056
1 jn
Ap Britain me pa. S. s.l Eng bot. 470
11 jn.jl
Ap S. Europe 1804. S. co Host. gra.2. t.89
1 Jn.jl
Ap England bar.he S co Eng.: bot. 1917
1 injl
A w
A w
Ow
A ag
3 jlau
2 jlau
2, ap.my
1* jn.jl
sheathed
Mil. A w.
Jn.jl
Mexican
M. Ow
* Jl
downy
* A w 1 jn.jl
Mk 4, w
jn.jl
Hungarian
* A w 1 jn.jl
deciduous
All A w 2 jn.jl
tall
ui A ag
jn.jl
diandrous
* A w. 2 jn.jl
spiked
* A ag 3 jn.jl
large-flowered in a w - 3 jnjl
* O w 1 jn
glaucous
* A ag 1.jn.jl
ciliated
Mil. A w.
+jlau
nodding
ul. A
various-leaved M. Z\
''
Britain
mea. S. h.1
Ow
A ag
A. ag
a w
A ag
A w
A w
--
1117 heterophylla P. S.
Ap
Graminear.
pas. S. s.l
A w
* A w
*
three-flowered M.
brown
*
meadow
*
reed-like
Class III.
ponds. S m.s Eng. bot. 1520
Ap
Europe,
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Scotland m.wo. S.
Britain woods. S
Italy
1775. S
Britain me pa. S.
Hungary 1804. S
Mexico 1805. S
Hungary 1822. S
Savoy
1804. S
Hungary 1804. S.
England m.wo. S.
Britain m. me. S
N. Amer. 1810. S.
England moi.p. S.
N. Amer. 1812. S
S. Europe 1776. S
S. Europe ... S.
Portugal 1802. S
N. Amer. 1805. S
France
1812. S
...
S co Fl. dan. t. 700

m.s
mis
co
h.l
co
co
co
Eng. Dot 1005

Eng bot. 1373
Host gra. 3. t.20
Eng. bot. 1592
co
co
m.s
m.s
co
m.s
co
co
co
co
co
co
Host gra. 4. t.62

Eng bot.2266
Eng, bot. 1593
Mich. amer t-10
Eng bot. 1281
Fl. graec. t.83
Lam.ill.1.t-46.f3
Host gra. 4 tes
Host gra. 4.61
Vaill-par.t. 19.f.6
1090
-

Vitaliano Donati's Natural History of the Adriatic sea, published in 1750.
The species were formerly part of
Cynosurus.
''
Cynosurus. Kway zvyor, a dog, and sea, a tail: dog's-tail.
179. Kocleria.
Named after M. Kohler, a professor of natural history at Mayence, and author of some works
upon grasses. A pretty genus of grasses, with elegant silky heads.

180. Dactylis. . (Aax rvxor, a finger: finger-grass). The divisions of its heads may be fancied to resemble the
fingers, and the large cluster at the bottom the thumb of an animal. D. glomerata is a coarse grass of earl
and rapid growth, and considered valuable as a pasture grass on light soils from the quantity of herbage it af.
fords. It comes in from the time turnips are over, till the meadows are fit for grazing; but old and dry, or
made into hay, neither horses nor cattle are fond of it. To reap the full benefit of this grass, it must be kept
closely cropt. It has been of late strongly recommended by Mr. Coke of Holkham.
181. Glyceria. (From uzvi, sweet, in allusion to the herbage). This is the Festuca fluitans of L.: it is
found in stagnant water, and its long narrow leaves float on the surface. Horses, cattle, and swine are fond of
this grass, # broduces abundance of seeds, which are eaten greedily by geese, ducks, and fish, especially the
trout (Salmo fario). These seeds are very nourishing, and are collected in some parts of Germany and Poland,
under the name of manna seeds, and used in soups and gruels. The plant will not thrive unless on land that
is constantly under water.
182. Festuca. In Celtic, the word fest signifies pasture, food. We may be satisfied with this explanation in
want of a better. This genus affords some valuable hay and pasture grasses. F. ovina has a fine short sweet
foliage, well adapted to the masticating organs of sheep, and for producing delicate mutton: it is totally unfit
for hay, and according to Sir H. Davy's experiments, it does not possess the nutritive powers generally ascribed
to it. it is an excellent grass for lawns, requiring little mowing, and forming so thick a turf as to suffer few
intruding plants. It should be sown about the middle of August, on ground nicely prepared, open, and not too
light or dry. The same remarks will apply to F. rubra and amethystina.
ORDER II.
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
63
1079 Raceme spiked linear, Spikelets beardless, Bractes pinnatifid, Leaves linear
1080 Pan spikeshaped at the base interrupted and smoothish, Spikelets 3-4-flow. nearly beardless very acute
1081 Pan closely spiked, Spikel. 2-3-fl. acum. beardless, Glumes fringed at back, Lower leaves conv, setaceous
1082 Pan spiked oval cylind. Spikelets 2-flowered villous at back acumin. Outer glume bearded under the end
1083 Panicle spiked cylind.
# 2-5-8-flowered, Outer glume rough outside, with a soft beard under the end
1084 Panicle spiked ovate cylind. Spikelets 3-4-flowered, Outer glume hairy with a stiff beard under the end
1085 Panicle one-sided heaped, Leaves keeled
1086 Panicle one-sided headed spiked, Spikelets 3-flowered, Leaves keeled glaucous
1087 Panicle equal before and after flowering contr.
Spikelets 4-fl. beardless, Glumes with a rough keel
1088 Stem creeping, Branches in bundles, Leaves villous subulate stiff, Flowers in spiked one-sided heads
1089 Spikes scattered one-sided few, Flowers closely imbricated, Leaves much spreading, Stem decumbent
1090 The only species is a floating creeping plant very common in ponds
1091 Panicle simple one-sided, Spikelets about 9-flow. bearded, Leaves setaceous, Culm upwards 4-cornered
1092 Panicle contracted, Spikelets ovate 4-flowered, Paleae roundish, Leaves very narrow rough
1093 Panicle one-sided contracted, Florets compressed beardless pubescent, Leaves setaceous smooth
1094 Pan. one-sided erect spreading, Florets roundish longer than beard, Leaves pubes. above, Root creeping
1095 Panicle erect spreading, Florets longer than beard, Root fibrous
1096 Pan sprdg. Spikel. obl. nearly beardl. Outer valve of glume and paleaeciliated, Lvs. setac. rigid, Lig.2-eared
1097 Glaucous, Pan. 1-sided contracted, Florets cylind. bearded, Stem square, Leaves compound channelled
1098 Panicle spike-shaped pubescent, Leaves filiform
1099 Panicle one-sided erect branching contracted, Florets oblong angular beardless, Leaves ensiform striated
1100 Panicle spreading, Spikelets 3-flowered with long beards
1101 Panicle erect, Spikelets ovate 4-5-flowered, Glumes acum. beardless, Leaves setaceous smooth pungent
1102 Panicle spreading branched, Spikelets linear beardless many-flowered, Leaves linear, Root fibrous
1103 Pan sprdg., one-sided, Spikel. about 6-fl. Florets blunt beardless, Leaves lin, conv. glauc. Stem round erect
1104 Panicle spike-shaped, Spikelets slender 11-flowered bearded, Sheaths rough
1105 Culm ascending angular, Leaves rolled together smooth, Pan. nodding close, Spikelets 9-10-flow. pilose
1106 Pan. erect contracted, Spikelets 4-5-fl. very smooth, Paleae margined membranous, Leaves setaceous
1107 Pan. one-sided oblong, Spikel. 7-fl. bearded, Outer glume and paleae fringed, Leaves setac. Root fibrous
1108 Panicle one-sided erect branching, Florets ternate oblong angular beardless, Leaves linear striated
1109 Pan spreading much branched, Spikelets ovate lanc. somewhat bearded 4-5-fl. Leaves linear lanceolate
1110 Pan close, Branches simple scattered, Spikelets linear 5-fl. Flowers acum. 2-androus, Stem very rough
1111 Raceme spiked elongated, Spikelets remote beardless afterwards spreading, Root fibrous
1112 Panicle simple erect, Spikelets very few about 7-flowered, Florets acute distant
1113 Panicle fascicled, Spikelets subsessile villous, Beard erect
1114 Panicle one-sided spike-shaped, Spikelets 5-fl. smooth somewhat bearded, Leaves glaucous rigid subulate
1115 Culm ascending, Leaves subconvolute, Spike racemose, One glume very small, Outer paleae fringed
1116 Panicle one-sided erect nodding at the end, Spikelets 5-flowered obtuse beardless
1117 Panicle loosc spreading nodding, Radical leaves very slender and long, Rout creeping
1096
*-
1100
1102
F. duriuscula, is a good grass either for hay or permanent pasture: hares are remarkably fond of it: its pro
duce in the spring is not very great, but the quality is fine, and the quantity is considerable at the time of
flowering. F. calamaria is subject to the disease in the grain called clavus, in which the seed swells to three
times the usual size, and the kernel is wanting.
F. pratensis is one of the six grasses (Anthoxanthum odoratum, Alopecurus pratensis, Poa pratensis and tri
vialis, Cynosurus cristatus, and the F.
which Curtis recommends Lefore all others for laying down
meadows or pastures, on soil either moist or moderately dry. According to the Woburn experiments, the value
of this grass cut at the time the seed is ripe, is to that of the grass cut at the time of flowering as 6 to 18; one
proof, among many others, of the advantage of cutting almost all grasses when in flower rather than later.
W. Salisbury says, if land intended for meadow could be laid down with one bushel of F. pratensis, one of
Alopecurus pratensis, three pounds of Anthoxanthum, a little Bromus mollis, with white clover, the farmer
will seek no farther."
F. elatior differs little from F. pratensis, but in being larger in every respect. According to the Woburn ex
the produce is nearly that of the former, and the nutritive powers superior in the propor
:
(xl)
tion of 8 to 6.
F. loliacea greatly resembles the rye-grass in habit and place of growth: it has excellencies which make it
greatly superior to that grass, for the purposes either of hay or of permanent pasture. It improves in propor
tion to its age, which is directly the reverse of rye-grass. (Wob. exp. xxxiii.)
F. glauca, cut at the time of flowering, exceeds in value the same grass cut when the seeds are ripe in the
proportion of 6 to 12, a strong proof of the value of the leaves and culm in grasses intended for the scythe, and
the loss, as we have before observed, of leaving them for the sake of the seed when they become dry and wiry.
After this grass, and indeed most others, are in flower, the root leaves neither increase in number nor in size;
but a total suspension of increase appears in every part of the plant, the roots and seed-vessels excepted.
(Wob exper. xii)
Class HL
TRIANDKIA DIGVNIA.
C4
tr.iwince,
i jn Ap Britain way. S Eng. bot. 1412
U18caudtus Li.
*a"
"
my-jn
Britain walle. S Eng. bot 1411
Festuca
Myurus
.
.
_
9 bromoides M. barren
*l
Barr. ic. 1 76. f-1
Majorca
1793.
1
jnjl
Ap
fine-leavcil
O
w
Spain
1817.. SS Eng. bot 1430
112u6tipo.dee 1^-.
Ap
delicate
A O w i* ).jl
Britain
1121
deictulus
single-hiuked . O W jn Ap
1122 uniglmis
Festuca E. ZJc
B.
Sa 1966. cor. fi. S Eng. bot 1171
BROME-GRASS. w 2 Gramine<e.
.
' W.w. emooth-ryc
jn.au Ap England
Britain
... S Eng.
1123
OO ww 2S jn.au
Eng. bot
bot 1*4
1078
Britain wall.
112+ lecallnu*
multitirus . downy-rye
jn.au
soft
Crimea
1798.
1125
mlliH".
3
jn.au
Eng.
bot
1S85
m
O
w
spear-leavcd
England
cor.
ti.
S
11 126
lanceoltus
3
jn.au
b
W
Deaf.
atl.
1. 1 25
Barbary
27 squarrsue
W.W. com
2 jn.au
"
Canada 1799.
1793. S Hostgra. L t
Fox-tail
1128
Alopecrue
jn.au
w
Germany
1794.
purging
1129prgane
bot
1172
awnlesswood jflt* w 24 jn.au
England
m.conti,
s. p. a Eng.
lldO incnnis W.W.
jn.au
Engbot
90
England
1131
W. E. B. hairy
AO ww 22 jn.au
Eng.
bot.
meadow
Britain
rut).
S
1132 sper
pratensis
jn.au
Eng.
bot
198*
barren
Britain
cor.li.
S
stcrili
W..
M ww 33 jn.au
fieUt
Erfand
Chjp!
S
f^*4",,
113.
arvnsia
jn.au
Europe
1776.
8
Host.
gra.
1. ti
upright
1135 erctu* E.B.
1
jn.au
AQV
nodding
1136
N.
Amer. me.
1812.pa. -S -h.l Eng. bot 1079
jn.au
w 82 jn.aU
tallest
England
1137 tectrum
altissimus W.Ph.
*Si ww 3 jn.au
atL 1.10OJ1 8
Ginooth
Morocco
1804. SS b.h.l Desf.
1138
racemsus Roth.
W.
Eng. bot
great
Britain
walls.
1139
Eng.
bot
1S2U
m ww 31 ju.au
Britain
mea.
D
11-10 mxlraui
matlritiiais IV. wall
jl.au
giant
11+1 giganteus
Festuca E.Sehr.
B.
Sp. 925.
-18b BRACHYTO'DIM.
Canada 1802. S CO
ww 2! jn.au
1142
cilitum W.B-SfS. ciliated
jn.au Britain hod. S Eng. bot 729
1143 rrWttcuD)
wood
Broma* E. F.. de . spiked heath Ii 3 jn.au Britain hea. S Eng. bot 730
1144pinntum
Host. gra. 1. 1
Bromas E. .^rS. two-spited JUL w 1 jn.au A S. Europe 1772. S VLrragm.t26J
]145diBt'tc.hyon
S.Britain
Europe eeaco.
1781. SS Eng. bot 221
o w 1Jjl.au
lender
1146
tenUum
Damel-like Q W jn.jl
1147 loliceum
TrUicam
E../Je..AS. Uniola-liko O w J jl.au Italy 1758. S Jacq. ic 2. t i
1148
uniolo'uics
Spain
blunt-leaved
11150 ODUlSiioiium
lit-
.*--. O ww jl.au
114!)
outusiflium
L*.
s! Europe 1818.
1801). SS
unilaterale B-fS.
Sp. 47.
SeA-Sil-AT. w 4 Gramnea.
1S:L
UNl'OLA.
IP. broad-leaved
jn.jl
N.
1151
latiflia
/>*.Pk.
N. Amer.
Amer. 1800.
1793. SS Cates, car. 1.1
4 illjnjl
1152
paniculta
pn
e
'
"
N.N. Amer.
1790.
lljspicti
IK
spiked
w
HolL 1789. SS utLN.Hoai
1 aUtichophpui H 4S. two-ranked * w J jnjl
sp. ia
1871155TRICUS'PIS.
PdeBIve.clctl
TaimrB. m ag s Gramnea.
quinqutida />.(fcB.
Jn-J' N. Amer. 1820. S r.l.m Jac. gr- cel. t
Gramnea:. Sp. 12.
188. DIPLACH'NE f.i/fS DlPLACllSE.
1 fasciculris f. <fc bundled
* 2 jLau N. Amer. 1823. S
Ilittory, Use, Propagation, Cuitare,

183. Mmaluna.
by Link,Fatuo
from myuru., I-a mouse,
and .t,
j'î', lby *
4ieci(lc
name of one Named
of the epecie,
A natural
gen,a tait
betterA"di.tmgui.bed
nat
byV
artificial
characters.
....
.
.h. 4 of Iba
rutmeglTen
^J^^^^^^^^^
are of Broma,.
a coarse quality, iandthebeing
strictly annual,
are of little value a. pa.ture, and as hay produce^ -_
leaves ofmost
<peeim
math.
Sir H. Daw
found into
that flower
the nutritive
powers
of the straws
and
ofmoi
it.nd strictly
annual,of. orthewhich
do not mg
when the
isroot
coming
; because,
plants
amui
tM.mQ
again
fromplant
the
th? .ame
season,
whenwheat
leftlikecrops
tillalltheother
seedseed,
is ripe,
theground
leaves
and
straw=
B.imi^rt
secallnus
is
often
found
among
rye
and
;
the
when
among
the
flour
a bitter taste to bread, and to have similar narcotic qualities a. Lolium temu entura im ..
panicles arc useil to dye green ; and there, as formerly in Britain, rye wat supposed in aWW
gran.
seed,B.ofasiier
B. mollis
said toof bring
giddiness
in thehadhuman
species but
andisW*"*SJ
laud to The
poultry.
is theareUllcst
Britishongra
; it has
many names,
distinguunci ,
III.
TBIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
^^, *, , ,,,!, Loavcrtarcou.kodc.Ucrj.hm
*
n~.*aa.ml. Loavûssnortcrtr,,,, u,cr.hM
SiM041?111 emiform dilated
i com|irc66ed. One glume very short
,
Hr, ctajs, rabr. Beam u,, v [ .? J*
HHSS3SW
.*"h"' S SS, Un1ate oblong ad,

. ^..
ZI? tai Ata,, B
.1 cm ,moolh
HI
lromus giganteiis mrtly
"S^^^^'^ft f " * .11- "kelets. An
Class III.
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
Rn. 12.
Oramiac(p.
Jl
N. Amer. 1783. S Hort. bcr. L t ;
1 uniololiles P.ifeS. tatge-1 U Gramnea?1.
1781. S Lam. dl. L4fi.fJ
190.
3ciilu * - i jn.jl Sp.Spain
SCHIS-MUa
margintus Rifc
* margined
(iriVilinCC. 5Britain
110. ... S Eng.tot?J2
loi11THICDIA.
I
I'.
Tiuunu.
JLau
.. deonabene * 1 Gramnea?.
Sp. 1.
litt. BECKMAMUIA. Hoji.
B
2
jl
Europe 177a S Host gra. 3. t
linear-spiked
A
O
llfiO uceforrnu
S,.Europe
724. 1771. S 8.1 Host gra. 2-LJ
Gramnea?
UL ME'UCA. W. ciliated
gra. 4. tS
i orw 32 iljn.jl
IKOfi. SS s.l Host
Italy
llfl
cilila
W.
;.
bot. ;M
Jt
Italian
moun.
Britain
lli2 JUuhtni W.en. mountain
m.8
Eng.bt
8
Jtt or U1* jn.jl
groves.
S
Britain
lliii
nutans
W.
Barr.
ic. t
mJilt ww 3 my.jn
wood
1804.
SS
Barbary
llt4
uniflora
1.
jn.jl
Mor.
h.3.t.tpyramidal
1812.
N. Amer. 177a S Host gra. 2- 1
lli pyramidalis P.S. smooth
m w 34 jn.jl
Silera
lift.
or jl.au
Ulkst
1167 gbra
altissimaPh.f.
Gramillete.
$'
bog. S p.m Eng. bot 750
MoLIXU.
MOLI'NIA.
P.dr
1
au
Ap
1 cerlea P. de . purple
Mlica .
sp-11
tot 13M
QfAKISG-GRASS.* ' \Gramnea?.
England cor
n. Ss CO Eng.
195. BRI'ZA. K.
jl.au Ap
Hay.trm.t.i..
small
Spain
1800.
Uli!)
minor
FF.
U jl.au
Ap
Eng.
green
*
or
Britain
pasS
1170
virons
IV.
my.jn Ap S. Europe 1033. S Host.bot
gra..HO
2. t
common
ill. or \\ jn.jl
1171
Ap
greatest
or
1172 mdia
mximaiV.IV.
Sp.
34Hi
m.s
Eng.
<
Meaikw-gbass. w fi Graminc.
196. (. FT.
Britain
dit.
S
jl
Ap
8.1 Eng. bot. (
water
im w 1 jn.jl
se.
alp
$1173
aquticaW.
Ap Scotland
Alpine
Scotland
sc.1800.
alp. SSS h.l
1174
Eng.
Hostbot
gra.11;
ol
Ww jn.jl Ap
zigzag
Germany
1175 alpina
rlexusa . B.
Ap
s.l
Eng.
bot.
H!
loose-spiked
Scotland
sc.mo.
S
117< laxa
IV.. .
Ap
FI. dan. t-m'i
JfcJllk ww *% inj
eea-grccn
Swituerl.
1800.
S
1177
cassia
Ap
jn.jl
h.l
Eng.
bot
10.
Britain me.
1178 vivpara IKtb. vivip;iroiis
2 Jn.au
ag
common
me.pi.
pa. SSS s.l Eng.
1179
W.H7.
my.jn Ap
Ap Britain
Leers,botL .107t
ag 2 in.au
smooth-stalked
Germany
1180 trivilis
pr.ilnsis
Ap
n'irrow-h'avcfi
ag
s.lh.l Eng.
bot 11.
me.
1.
S
angustifHa W. short-blueish w my.jn Ap Britain
pas. SS Eng.
1181 nmili E. B.
HostIiot.
gra. IH
animal
w mr.o Ap Britain
Baden
IS.
1182
nnua
IV.
Host.
gra. 3.
turfy
w
Germany
W02S
US-ilxidensis
W.
Ap
broad-leaved
ww 3 jl.au
llWsudtica
IV.
Ml
Cents 17111.
g| Host gra. 3.
jl.au
Ap
soft
118".
ccnlsia
W.en.
N.
Amer.
1H.
jl.au
Ap
her. tl
pale-ycllow ww 2 ji.e Ap Germany 1800. S Lora.
118
11,
vv.vn.
gra. 3.
Dalmatia 1800,
SS HosL
1187 flava
sertinaW. W.
. atc-flowering
ll88festuci"rmisir.<'rt.
Kcstuca-like agw S JU
Jac
ic 1. 1
177o.
au.o Ap
Ap Abyssinia
Mor.b.3.tii
118')
abysnica
IV.
smooth-upright
N.
Amer.
1781.
S
110 capdlris IV.
hair-panieled w " Ap Italy 1807 S BaL mis. t.
1191 MoUnrl - dwarf-glaucous w 4 Jn.jl
11C8
Ute,horns,
Propagation,
Cmuorftoa. The seed havingHistory,
three little
the nameCulture,
ha. been contr.ved m ,..rencc
to til
cumetance
:
xf{<x,
a
horn,
nom,
and
aoQ
^
),
grase;
itrdns.
_1
acn,i.
Fromthree,^3,r,
rxm** cleft. The
outer palea
left.
1O0. Schismus.
IXoKIl.
T,.,t,
on account
theis narginalôr
hreeauthor
teeth ofof the
191.
Btckmonma.
in honor of M.teeth,
Beckmann,
the celebrated
the patoL
History o. Inventions, ar
192. Bcckt
j.ciliata
Milieu.
A name
in Italy deserving
to the Holcus
i.,l"r";f h , nU of chili, pu'
M.191
and nutans
are applied
curious
grasses,
a placesorghum,
mmote
botanic
In honor
Giovanni
Ignatio
Molina,
an nccounj
tne eraren
pa
find w,
in 1789.Moliuin.
Of It cerlea,
theof lishermen
of Uie isle
of Skywhomake
ropes
for theirofnets,
the195.water
well without
rotting.to balance,
None ofthethespikclets
species being
are cultivated.
-ofo. balance or '!
Brim.
From
continually
m
a
state
air. This is an ornamental or curious genus, of little value in agriculture. Thfperennia i jM
poor196.soil,.and,
arc bitter
inGreek
taste.nameB. ofmaxima
isThis
sometimes
sown asseveral
a border
"jua^^
p
Is theis one
genus affords
va\*
F'";,*
grasses. P. aquatica
of the tallestherb.
of British
grasses,
with a powerful
creeping
, a nativc
lv 1i
parts
of
Europe,
and
verv
common
in
the
fens
ofCambridgeshire
andLincolnshire
"J
,ea!in.
pasturage in summer, but forms the chief winter's fodder. It is sometimes cut timet_
ditctI
not
only
In
very
moist
ground,
but
in
deep
water
;
lud
with
cafs
tail,
burr-rcea,
arc.
"
occasions them to require frequent cleansing. In this respect it is a formidable puni uinberriv,,
the
Islelute
of Elysmall
theyspades
cleansefiled
thesein itby; anthuinstrument
is anbyironhorses
rollerJ"
j- , ,1
of iron
is drawn called
up anda bear,
down which
the river
walking
TRIANDIUA DIGYNIA.
67
1157IWekDod*iigspreading, Spikelcts compressed -8-flowcred, Shcnths uf leaves bcardiil at end
113Paidedetracted, Spikclets linear, Glume longer than floret*, Leaves bearded at base
11* simple contracted few-flowered, SpikeleU oblong vat* 3-t-flow. Glu
long ai flureu
Outerpateroflow floretfringed.
Panicle
mbspicate
equal, Outer
Splkclets
erectofatlower
lengthfloret
spreading
ofpanicleerector
spreading,
SpikeleU
3-flowered,
glume
iwiry at
WUphasarhiKne,
Panicle
almost
simple,
Glumesoneobtuse
jjNnlMbeardu*, Panicle
branching
one-sided,Spikelets
SpikeleUnodding
ovate beardless.
erect 2-floweret)
imperfect edge
H? Pinkielaxfest-fioiremi,
, PanicleBtanchlcU
branching,simple,
SpikeleUFlown
noddingolrtuse
smooth,
Glumes
naked.
Stem acute
erect
smooth
Um1 Pairs*smooth,
Panicle spiked branching,
SpikeleU 3-flowered
third flower
imperfect
11 Anullpurplishgrass common on moors with a very narrow smooth spikclike panicle
5-7-flowered,
Glumeinvolute
larger than-floreu
in? CS?,0nl<',Splkriel
G,ume^"S4'3*
e4UAl t0 floret,>
OppCf leaf
lffifcSi*"^'
*& 6|1"
7-flowered,
Glume less than florets
mmnoddingend,
SpikeleUcordate,
oblongabout
cordate
Ul-17-flowered
Sby?lJTttt diflW auch branched, SplkeL lin. 5.9-ft. FloreU obtuse smooth 7-nerved, Root creeping
im Z11*' "*** ovate ift Ligule oithe stem-leavt-s lanceolate acute, of the rest obtuse
iSraSE5lJpVer* 013"flowirwl>
Glum* stems
villous
base, oblong
Ligules lanceolate
1li
nd<linK' Leave*and
lax.atLigule
1--^,**1'
Glumes lanceolate
rather silky loose, Ligules short
Es!a..4,,Me
0V*lP 2-*-flowered
length viviparousStem andsheaths roughish, Lig.oU.
laStmTbw!
^" OT' about3'fl
F10'- atbase5-nen-ed,
UppervcrYleaves
muchandshorter
ITmiUji!T&_
sJ2k "<*P4g,
Had,c"1 luave*
narrow
long than their sheaths, Ligule short truncated
*Paîiu?!r^"lteatoulinoworo^
Glumes
acute
base, *Ligule very short obtuse
Trir1*"t.g,
SpikeleU
oblong
ovate
5-7-flowcred,
Stematat sutxompressed
^- s?*.
oblongT?
villous
vMoa*
^
*!^^
115**1|-11
FW
'
Outer!..
u^r
Palea.pubescent
fe ^'f!W g' 4"krii oblong i
bhth* loose iSed;it Libiback
hrt08'10"' Hootcrrunceolat. ,,,,,, Glume, roen la*
iral___
-Lrrip,
watcr-holding
,,.",, 7
i. 11.) exd
Comp.
Sir
.!)11 2!?"*W^.IW and Sui i;'""'Ml into a hud.
; ^-rmanent ., i. .
M t^-ffflyr? i"" "
"'ve graSs plats In

i - the ,a,kt and
- *ordgr1!*2;,i ' I
, B found
.
bund *>,"
valuable boof onerffh ",. >?"
producir,
a clayey
Class 111.
TRlANDRtA DIGYNIA.
68
1821. SS
jr-Jl Tauria
barren
* A w 1ija.f
Mclv.lsld.isa.
1192strlie
* w 2 jl.au
1817. S m.a Eng. bot 1140
1193 angusttaU.B.. Br. narrow-spiked
tough
Britain
aaL
m. SS s.1 Eng. bot s
U94tnax
Lk. W.
jit ww 11 jn.jl
Britain
walla,
sea
51195
maritima
jn.aU
bot.
Britain
moun.
SS ..1h.l Eng.
flat-stalked
119ti
compressa
fr.
jn.au
bot 1/20
>
M
w
Britain
woods.
glaucous
1197
glauca
E. .ir.
Eng.
Rumph.6.ti.f.a
jitM ww 21 )n
E.England
Indica 1800.
S
wood
1198
nemorahs
h.l
Eng.
bot Ml
pa*.
S
1199 aroboinnsie W. upright
bot. Mi
i* ww 1 1jl.au Britain pas. 3 h.l Eng.
bulbous
1200 bulbosa
Eng.botl532
Britain
paa. S
1201
distans
W.W.E. B. distant
1H jl.au
4jit *
reflcxed
Egypt
1202
rctroflxa
jLaU
Jac.
ic
L 1 18
Peru
8S
1903 ffigyptloca V.eJi Egyptian
M *w J- j'-au
Peruvian
N.
Amer. 1802.
1812.
1204
peruviana
If.
j'-au
jili
w
Ii
N.S.W.
1800.
S
nerved
1205nervta
4 i111 Sp. 310.
1206
digitta f. J?r F.*lingered
VfJOERAGBOSTIS.
1
Host. gra. 2. 1.8
197.
t=> Live-grass.
Italy
Gramnea?.
jl.au
E India 180*.
1781. SSS Bur. . t-4/.
1207
pilosa
.
<fe
P''se
5
rl
w
ISuetenUa P. de . small
*DIW 1J1 jl.au
1817.
l.au
1209 puniurscens S/ir. purple

u
529. 1699. S CO Host L2.L6
Gramnea. Sp.Italy
199.
MEGASTA'HYA. WMMAJig
198.
* ~- ,
t*5.f.
oror ilil
1210-inij.
Eragrstis P.<fe-B. Love-grass
EEngtand
Indies san.
1802.pl. S e.1, Eng.
bot. 1371
12
f.ii
purple
w Jjnjl
ti"
1212 rgida P. de . hard
J Jac ecl. gra. t.
.P. de . .long-pamclcd
...
2 jl.au E Indies 1812.
1213 clongta
1776. SS 6.1 Jacq. 1 2, t
O w Ii jl.au SiJamaica
1214 ciliris P. de . ciliated
Europe 1802. S Gou.iH.4.t2.f
Gramnea?.
199 SCLEROCHLCA. P. de . Haud-ckass.
O ww )Jjl.au
divaricita r.ucn.
P. de . divaricate
1215
divaricata
jl au
Britain sea . S b.s Eng- bot. 5J2
12l6nrecmbcnP.aV.'.B.
procumbent,
w ijnjl Europe 1822. S CO Host gra. 2. t'
1217 Poa
dura .P..de .
coarse
Sp.fndia
24. 1714., S Schrb.gra.2. t.
.
ELEUSI'NE.
.
Br.
Eleibine.
OO ww 24 Gramnea?.
jl..
1218
P.S. S. thick.piked
India
1714. Rhcedc. b- tjl
1219 coracna
indica
P.
InUlan
\s
ndica P.S.
Indian
Graminc.
Sp. 12SOI.
DACTYLOCTE'NIUM.
P.deB.
DOT,!,!'I
Egypt
1"0- S
ATI.
t)Ai.liiA.ii.
1220 aryptlacumP.ile.creeping
.A;*,.
n...m p . rreeDinK
&**, OU w Ii jLs
Sp.Vf.4~
>. 1727. S Sloane.1. t.70.
Gramine.
T
FPTOCHLtyA.
P.deB.
Leptochloa.
Indies
3 jl.au
*Ml Û .7. lendcr.,,.iked * El
1820. S Jacq. ic 1 22
O ww Ii jn AP China
very-slender
1222
tenrrima
B.&S.
W.
Indies 182a
1820. Jacq. ecl. gra.
closc-spiked *M O ww 32 jnjL.au
1223
domingnsis
IJe.
China
1224 Poa
filifrmis
P.deB. Chinese
chinruis
SP2T10i
Eng. bot 830
CVNODON.
England
203.
1 iGraminc.
jljl.au
E Indies 1796. S
1225CY'NODON
Dctylon P S.P.S. creeping
M
LZ
w
linear-leaved
1226 linearis IV. en.
SP. 25.
04.
Di>ebra. m o w i Graminett.
jn.jl fe. Indies 1804. S Jac.ft-ag.tl2l
Cav. ic 1. 1 !
1227DINE'BKA.
arbica
Jacq.P.deB.reflexcd
1228
Lima P.deB.
imbricated m o w i jl.au Spain 1776. S
Sp.&. 1.Europe 1771. 3
205. ECHINA'RIA. Dcso. & hinria
1229 capitata Dcsv. headed
06.
Wheat.
12.MTRITICUM.
a-stivum W. W. summer
1231 hybernum W.
1108
History^ Use, Propagation, Cidture,

} ni'" tu~r~ - '
V. abyssmiea \t grown as a bread-corn i
..wer,
imtcau
o'f
yeast
;
it
is
then
baked
into
,rcu
ar
cakes,
which
M.
wh
te,
a '^> for ,omc J.,,
murish taste, but light of digestion. The same bread, well toasted, and {S"JW*M*
nishes the iui<ai or common beer of the country, like the quae (amir, Hus.) ot """"l ft( prctty d
197. Eragrmli,.
An elcfiant
appellation
derived Iron.
n*after
^v^\h??0ihcr
spikeleu
arc tlic delight
of children,
and remembered
by men4long
manvof "mir innieent pi
have to retain their charm. The plants resemble the Briza or ^^* aniclcs of the ge
198.
Megatachya. Hard-grai
From ^ym, large, rigid,
and rx,
a spike,
on ^
199.
and xkn,
gras>).
genus ofgrasses
of hard "or""?*
^ a ae
2W. Scrochlm.
Elemlne. Fleusis was onelolw,
of tnc api!llatioii
of Ceres,
the Agoddesl
b. coraeaua,
to Thunberg, is cultivated in Japan for its edible becds.
TltlANDRIA DIGYNIA.
-*h,ljjihcrt,_
JS Fa.- tattbmpdin,
rontr.
Spikdrta
about 5-flow '^..
' V.wil",lllstilnl
nr. ral. ltut
acuteemootn
Snikel obbivaU
ttl,?SS
lolctcly
inerved,
crecninig
"i""'*
hm
M,
spTtali
foJcrol
,U*,lcn*r,sh
""''
"4Boot
m4
bpl.
.fart,
nom,
ava
plaita
t
I
n',l
,ÛK
V',"01uJ'
bae,
Stip.ilo
very
hort
S?*"1
*1*
T
ad
'"gcr
!heath<W
l'aie
nerved
,
BDOPmitlttouildirniw.Spikelrts
ovateround
i-5-.
villousSpikeL
at base,linear
Stc
Pu eqtt it tensth divu. Branches

in seedFlorets
bent down,
about
Od 5-ft.
bundles
of
leaves
bulboiu
Florets smooth obtuse
SlT^SSspM
lia
Floretssmooth,
Ligule trunc.
134 Pia ipuud.&HW.U
ovate,
Hot. smooth
acute. Innerpale*
cd. atd^^-^bte^rij^
tack,
""J
MFit.wuilKb
SpikeleUovate5-n.
Horetssmooth
7-ncrvcdolrtuse
Stem Mem
furr. ang """S^?*
5taTfinseral nutnirou*, SpikeleU imbncaled7-flow. Outer glume obtuse rather silky at base
Pe.pul,in(Lcontr.inMeddiffuse,
Low.bran,atbaseand
rami, hairy,
Sp. lin, 7-9-fl. Flor, sharpish smth.
1* Pmideobtagcapilliry
whorkd. Leaves
Floret*
6-floweredabout
verytheminute
Ftaideeect,
Howcr-stalksstiff,
smooth
mouthnodding
ofthe sheathe
Paideequl
ipreadina,
at tase and ramifications hairy, Splkclcts. 15-25-flowered
1II Pia
taideelrrsdiiii,
SpikeleUI/nrerbranches
lS-flowered
linear
, . . . .5-ncrved,
dlsUchoui -sidedcootr.
hard, SpikeleU
linear acute 5-11-fl. Florets smooth obsoletcly
Pm.bWBrinesprdg, distantabbrev. Spik. lin.7-11-1 close prese. Flor, smooth acute3-nerv. Lv*. .
ttPaidecandyspiked, SpikeleU ovate oblong tMO-flowercd, Florets smooth acute, Inner paleo: fringed
llPinicltdivirieatiBi,
Rower-stalks
thickened,
Spikclotsround,
4-flowcreil,
hliPmidelanceolatecontracted
one-sided
rough, Itachis
FloretsLeaves
obtuse filiform
nerved
137Paide onesidedbroadcontracted stiff, SpikeleU lanceolate obtuse 3-5-flowered
B|Spikabout7
dipute atlength incur?.
Stem compr.
erect, Leave*
close together
1S19SptadiputeerectWonalinear
rachis,Rachie
Stem mcmbranac.
compressed declining
branching
atbottom
MSpikes fingeredobtusemuch spreading mucronato, Stem ascending. Leaves opposite
Pfflidewith limpie branche*, Flowers sessile tiflowered, thelast sterile, lower bearded
{-Vkeilienisteveryslender, SpikeL distich, beardless, Leave*rather hairy, Sheathscompressed smooth
5
fringed, Branches simple,
SpikeleU
subeese.SpikeleU
Floret* allalternate
bearded2-4-flowcred
(lihabdochloa.
IM
lisriniie much branchedcontracted,
Branches
simple-fl.filiform,
bcardlc**
muL^f'^'i
GlumeraucD
rough,Leaves
Leave*naked
fringed
at edge
ÂUover hoir;, Spike*
digiUte4,pnading
Glumeerect,
rough
at edge
jyîkaihemUidedpanlcled,
Glume*
eoual,
Spik,
2-.
Flor,
stalked
beardl. hcrm. Stems prost Lva at
^Spike nmplc, SpikeleU nuny-floweVe
nttn^cwnPt
bf'ded, Glume*gibbousheanled
tmnc atatbase
enntr. with
nerve num.
runn. thinner
thinnerupw.
V*pi .compr.nearlybeardl.
Glume* grob, tmnc. muero,
basecontr.
with a nerve
upw.
me
. 1220
lili
Tvlet, a fingerl.
pros.
I0r whlch. see Umbert in the Lini Lthe-trans,
vii.
Ground head* may be fancied to resemble little hedge' ' thc ^ bread in iff.VrlT S whTim
wom down [tritum) in
^
mg'n> the
uiMmwheats,
rice or the
po.
t3
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
7o
1232 comps tum IV.
1233 turgidum W.
1234 polnicum W.
1235 Splta hy.
1236 monocccum W.
1937 squarrsum Roth.
1238 jnceum W.
1239 rpens W.
1240 caninum E. B.
1241 rigidum 11 en.
$1242 cristtum Schr.
Egyptian
turgid
Polish
Spelt
one grained
Porcupine
rushy
*
*
*
M.
M.
*
*
O
O
O
O.
O.
O
A
ag 3 jn.jl
ag 3 jn.jl
ag 4 jn.jl
ag 3
ag 3 jn.jl
w 1 injl
w 13.jn.jl
Couch-grass
= X w.
Mil. A w.
1243 Za Host.
bearded
rigid
crested
maize-like
1944 villsum P. de B
villous
$1245 elongatum Host.

207. LOLIUM.
Jy.
long-spiked
Rye-grass
slender
bearded
beardless
2 jLau
*jlau
Egypt
Ap
Ap
Ap
England seash. Sco Eng. bot. 814

Britain rub. Sms Eng bot gos
Britain ch: wo. s.l Eng bot. 1372
1799.
rim Mor. h. 3. t. 1 f"
... S. r.m Host. gra. 3. t.28

1692. S. r.m Host. gra. 3. t. #1
:::, S rim Host. gra-3. t.30
1648. S. rim Host gra. 3. t.32
1800. S. co Host gra. 3. t.32
......
-
-----.
Egypt
1 injl
Ap
Germany 1805. S co Hostgra 3 tee
* ZX w.
1 il.au
* Oag
4 jn.jl
* w
* A w
3 in ji
5 jnji
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Britain
Austria
S. Europe
Germany
Graminee.
DARNel.
1246 perenne W.
1247 tenue W.
1948 temulentum W.
1249 arvnse E. B.
* ZX w.
Class III.
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
* A ag 3 myjn Ap
* Z\ w, 3 jl.au
Ap
* O p 4 lau Ap
* O ag 4 jl
Ap
-
hed.
1815.
1790.
1805.
S
S.
S.
S
co
r.m
co
co
Eng.: bot. 2267
Host gra, 3 ties

Fi graec. 1. t. 97
Host gra-2 t-23
Sp. 4-10.
Britain me pa. Sco Eng bot. 315

Britain cor fi. S. co Eng bot 11:4
England cor, fi. S. co Eng bot. 1125
S. Europe 1590. S co
1236
#1 * 1938
".
(
&

T. aestivum, and the five following sorts, are most probably variations of the same
It is certain that
winter-wheat sown in spring will ripen the following summer, though the produce of succeeding generations
of spring-sown wheat is found to ripen better. White, red, awned, and beardless wheat change and run into
each other on different soils and in different climates; and even the Egyptian wheat is known to change in this
country to the single-spiked common plant. There is a sort of summer-wheat
a distinct species from
those which have been mentioned; the agricultural treatment of which, as well as the general appearance, is
similar to that of barley. The straw is short and soft, the ears awned, small, and easily threshed, and the grain
may be sown in May and reaped in August or September. It is very subject to the black disease, and though
it has been tried in a number of places has never come into general cultivation. A variety from India, called
hill-wheat, and another from the Cape of Good Hope, have also been tried with no better results. But the
hill-wheat, and, we believe, the hill-barley, also, of the northern provinces of India has been cultivated with suc
cess in Germany, under the direction of the Archduke John of Austria. T. monococcum grown in Switzerland,
is of similar appearance.
T. spelta appears a distinct
ies, and more hardy than common wheat; it has a stout straw almost solid,
with strong spikes and
firmly to the grain. The grain is light, yields but little flour, and makes
but indifferent bread. It is grown in Switzerland in elevated situations, where common wheat would not
ripen: also in Bavaria and other parts of Germany. It is sown in spring, and ripens in July and August.
Of the common wheat there are many varieties, but the most permanent are the red and white grained, and
the spring-wheat, which is generally red. The Hertfordshire reds and whites, woolly eared, awned, and nearly
fifty other names are merely sub-varieties of the red and white. Wheat answers best when treated as a bien
nial, though it does not remain above one year in the ground. Provided the soil be well prepared and dry,
and the grain sown in time, the plants do not suffer from the greatest cold of our climate, or even that of Rus
sia. In the latter country, and in the northern counties of Britain, the fields are covered with snow, which re
taining a temperature of from 30 to 32 degrees, the plants are found to vegetate and establish their roots firmly
in the soil.
he snow is not thawed off till the weather is decidedly warm in spring, when the plants make
rapid progress, apparently more so than in warmer climates. Wheat, like all culmiferous plants, may be said
to have two distinct sets of roots; the seminal or tap-root, and the coronal or surface-root, the former proceed
ing from the embryo, and the latter from the first joint of the stem. The former seem intended to nourish
the plant while young, to fix it to the soil, and to penetrate into the sub-soil for water; the latter to search
along the surface among the lighter materials of the soil for nutritive particles. There is in the Banksian
museum, a stalk of wheat of ordinary length with a tap-root six feet long, which had penetrated into a sub
soil of limestone brush, and was taken up in digging a drain. It grew on the estate of J. Fane, Fsq. at Worm
ley in Oxfordshire, in 1818. M. Sageret, a scientific French agriculturist, found that when wheat or any of the
other grains were etiolated immediately after germination, by growing too rapidly or being sown too thick, the
first joint from which the coronal or surface roots proceed is raised above the ground, and in consequence either
throws out no roots at all, or so few as to nourish it imperfectly, in which cases it either dies before it comes
into flower, or before the grains are matured. This accurate statement of what takes
is well calculated
to show the bad effects of sowing winter-wheats too early, or spring-corn too late, and grasses in general too
thick. Animal substances, and especially bones and urine, are the best manures for wheat, as containing much
''
gluten, a substance found in a greater proportion in that grain than any other. Next to animal manures lime
is important, as tending to the same effect by chemical combinations. Wheat is almost every where culti
vated, both in the temperate and torrid zone, to the 45th degree of north latitude, and the height of 2000 feet
above the level of the sea in southern latitudes.
The insects and diseases which attack wheat are various.
The grubs of chaffers and beetles, as well as the
wire-worm (the larva of different species of Tipula), attack the roots; the wheat-fly (Tipula tritici) the ears;
the smut or black the grains; and mildew, rust, or blight, different names for the same disease, the whole
plant, The mildew Sir J. Banks determined to be produced by the growth of a minute fungus on the straws
and chaff of the!'
and Dr. Cartwright (Phil Mag. Oct. 1820.) ascertained it might be destroyed by water
ing with salt and water. The smut converts the farinaceous part of the grain into a black powder, and is su
posed to be prevented or lessened by steeping the grain previously to sowing in any strong saline mixture.
It
TIt IANDRIA DIGYNIA.
ORDER II.
71
#: Spike compound at the base, Spikelets 3-flowered ventricose imbricated, Terminal floret beardless neuter
1233 Spikelets 4-flowered ventricose pubescent imbricated bearded, Terminal fioret barren, Glumes obtuse
ventricose roughish, Two middle florets sterile, Paleae unequal outer fringed
Intermediate floret barren, Glumes ovate
1286 Spikel. 2-flventr. imbr bearded, Barren floret with a short, fertile with avery long beard, Glumes 3-toothed
1:37 Spike distich. Spikelets 4-flowered approxim Two middle'florets sterile, Glumes lin. lanc. Stem ascending
12: Glumes 9-nerved obtuse 4-5-flowered, Florets beardless, Rachis smooth, Root creeping
1239 Root creeping white jointed proliferous
1340 Glumes shortly bearded 3-nerved 5-flowered, Florets bearded, Root fibrous
1241 Spike interrupted, Rachis hispid, Leaves rolled in at edge, Root creeping
1242 Glumes 4-flowered bearded, Spikes lanceolate imbricated, Stems pubescent
1243 Spikelets 4-flowered remote, Two joints of the hairy rachis longer than the spikelet
1944 Spikelets 3-flowered, Ribs of glumes fringed in tufts, Leaves down
1945 Spikelets lanceolate 8-flowered beardless, Glumes truncate naked, eave nerved
1234 Spikelets 4-flowered
# Spikelets 3-flowered ventricose roughish,
1246 Spike beardless, Spikelets longer than glume

1247 Culm slender, i.e've narrow, Spikelets 3-4-flowered
#48 Spike bearded, Spikelets less than glume, Culm rough upwards
1249 Spike nearly beardless, Spikelets as long as calyx
*\
1239
1244
W. 1242
1245
\\
1246
-
is not easy, however, to cure diseases in the vegetable kingdom, and therefore the grand objects of the culti
vator ought to be to procure healthy seed, and apply judicious culture.
The uses of wheat are well known. The grain yields a greater proportion of flour than every other; for,
while 14lbs. of barley yield 12lbs. of flour, and of oats 8lbs., the same quantity of wheat yields 13lbs. It is
also more nutritive, 1000 parts of barley yielding 920, of oats 743, and wheat 955 soluble parts. Of these, the
luten of wheat is 90, of barley 60, and of oats # (Davy. Ag. Chem. 138.) Gluten is so essential an ingredicnt
in bread that the pannary fermentation cannot go on without it, and hence the inferiority of that article in
wet seasons, when wheat is blighted or ill ripened, and the advantage of having a stock of old grain, or of grain
from the south of Europe, especially of the Mediterranean isles and coasts.
Wheat starch is made from wheat, by steeping it, and afterwards beating it in hempen bags. The mucilage
being thus mixed with the water produces the acetous fermentation, and the weak acid thus formed, renders
the mucilage white. After settling, the precipitate is repeatedly washed, and then put in square cakes. In
drying, the cakes separate into flakes as found in the shops. Starch is soluble in hot water, but not in cold;
and hence, ground down, it makes an excellent hair powder. Its constituents are carbon 4355; oxygen 49t.8;
hydrogen
6.77of=wheat,
100. from dry chalky lands, is manufactured into hats, for which purpose the middle part of
The straw
the tube above the last joint is taken, and being cut into lengths of 8 or 10 inches, these pieces being split are
used to form the plait. The operation of plaiting is performed by females and children: who plait it into rib
bons of from one to two inches broad, and these are afterwards sown together on blocks or moulds, beginnin
at the crown, in various shapes according to fancy or fashion. The best straw is produced on the chalky soi
about Dunstable, where plaiting is a common occupation. Other grasses afford culms which have also been
used and manufactured into much finer and expensive work that those of wheat or rye. Leghorn hats are
made from the straw of a bearded variety of wheat not unlike rye. It is grown on poor sandy soils on the
banks of the Arno, between Leghorn and Florence, expressly for this manufacture. # does not grow above
18 inches in length, is pulled green, and bleached like flax on the gravelly bed of the river. The straws are
not split as in England, which renders the plait tougher and more durable. The value of wheat-straw for
thatching, litter, and other purposes, need not be mentioned.
T. junceum grows in loose sand on the sea-coast, and by its tough creeping roots and numerous fibres co
operates with Carex arenaria, Elymus arenarius, and Festuca rubra, in keeping them stationary, accumulating
more, and eventually rendering drifting sands fit for agricultural purposes.
T. repens, couch, white couch, twitch, dog-grass, quickens, &c. is common in most parts of Europe, and even
in Siberia. It is one of the worst weeds in arable lands and gardens, and in the former is only to be destroyed
by fallowing or fallow crops, or laying down to grass; and the latter by hand-picking or very deep trenching.
e roots are sweet and nourishing, and are greedily eaten by horses and cattle. Sir H. Davy found them to
contain nearly three times the nourishment of the stalks and leaves.
207. Lolium. Loloa is the Celtic name of this grass. L. perenne is the fausse ivraic (see L. temulentum) of
the French, from which our term ray-grass is derived, the Dauerende Lolch, Ger., and Loglio vivace, Ital
This appears to be the first grass which was taken into cultivation in Europe, but when is uncertain. Gerarde,
Parkinson, Plattes, and even Blythe in Cromwell's time, take no notice of it. It is first mentioned by
Dr. Plott in 1677. They have lately sown, he says ray-grass, Gramen loliaceum, to improve cold sour
clayey
unfit for saint-foin. It was first sown in the Chiltern parts of Oxfordshire, and after
wards by one Eustace at Islip in the same county.
There are two varieties of this grass; the perennial,
which is of shorter growth than the other, and on sound dry soils will last four or five years, and on rich soils
longer; and the annual, or rather biennial, which is tall and larger in all its parts than the perennial, and
after producing one bulky crop dies at the root, or, at least, sends up no latter math. After all that has been
affirmed of other grasses, none appear so well adapted as the annual # grass for producing a bulky crop of
hay, with or without red clover; or better adapted than the perennial variety for sowing down with white
clover, to afford three or more years pasture in the rotations of what is called convertible husbandry, or the al
ternate corn and grass culture. Cock's-foot grass and woolly grass (Holcus) may aflord a greater bulk on
soils, but arc far inferior to the ray-grass in regard to nutritive qualities. Sir #. Davy found the value which
F 4
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
72
208. E LYMUS. W.
1250 arenrius W.
Graminear.
LYME-GRAss.
upright-sea
1251 geniculatus E. B.
pendulous
1252 sabulsus W. en
1253 giganteus W.
glaucous
gigantic
*... a ag 4 apjn
* A w 4 ||
*
*
1254 sibiricus W.
Siberian
*
1255 tener Jy.
tender
Mil.
1256 philadelphicus W. Philadelphian ul.
A
A
A
A
A
w
or
w
w
w
4
5
6
2
4
Class III.
Sp. 16-24.
Ap
Britain
jn.jl
jLau
jn.jl
jnijl
jl.au
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
England seash.
Siberia
1806.
Mexico 1790.
Siberia
1758.
Siberia
1801.
N. Amer. 1790.
seaco. S s
S
S
S
S
S
S
Eng. bot. 1672
s
co
co
co
co
co
Eng bot. 1586

Sch-gra.2.t:21.fl.
Canadian
* A w
4 jlau
Ap
N. Amer. 1699. S co Mor. h.3.t.2.f.10
1258 virginicus W.
Virginian
1259 stritus W.
1260 villsus Ph.
striated
villous
wood
* A w
* A w
ul. A w
2; jn.jl
2 jn.jl
2 jn.jl
Ap
Ap
Ap
Virginia 1781. S co
N. Amer. 1790. S co
N. Amer. 1802. S co
1257 canadnsis W.
* A w
2 jnjl
Ap
England woods. S s.l Eng bot. 1317
* Ow
* O w
* A w
1 jn.jl
1 jn.jl
2 jnji
Ap
Ap
Ap
Smyrna 1806. S co
Portugal 1784. S co
Siberia
1806. S co
* A w
2 jn.jl
Ap
Crimea
Graminear.
3 jn.jl
Ap
1267 orientale W.
hairy-spiked
3 jn.jl
Ap
*910. HOR/DEUM. W.
BARlev.
Gramineae.
1268 vulgre W.
spring
* O ag 3 jl
Ap
1269 hexastichon W.
winter
* Q ag 3 ji
Ap
1970 distichon W.
Common
* O ag 3 jl
Ap
1271 Zecriton W.
battledore
* O ag 2 au
Ap
1272 bulbsum W.
bulbous
M. A w 3 jl
Ap
1273 murinum W.
wall
* O w 1* ap.au Ap
1274 pratnse Roth.
meadow
Mil. A w 2 jn
Ap
1975 maritimum W.
sea
* O w
1 jn.jl
Ap
1276 jubatum H. K.
long-bearded
all OD w 1 jl.au
Ap
211. MICROCHLOA. R. Br. Microchloa.
Gramineae.
1277 setcea R.Br.
setaceous
Mi O w
jl
Ap
212. OPHIU/RUS. P. de B. HARD-GRAss.
Gramineae.
1978 incurvtus P. de B sea
* Ow
#jl
Ap
279 filifrmis P. de B filiform
* A w
il
Ap
$1280 pannnicus P. de B two-flowered M. Ow
Sp. 2.
Crimea
1261 europaeus W.
1269 crinitus Sch.
long-awned
1263 Cput-Medsae W. Portuguese
1264.jnceus Fisch.
rush
1265 hystrix L.
Porcupine
200 SECA*LE. W.
1266 cereale JV.
Rye.
* O ag
a CD ag
Common
213, MONER'M.A. P. de B.
MowerMA.
1281 monndrum P.de B. monandrous

1282 subulatum P. de B. subulate
ul. Ow
Mik Ow
Schr. gr. t.24 f5

Schr. gr. t-24 fe
Mem.msq.1 p.45
1770. S co Jacq. ic. 2. t. 305

...
Levant
S. s.l
Host gra. 2. t. 48
1807. S co N.ac.ber.2.t:4f.3
Sp. 9-12.
Sicily
... S.
... S.
... S.
... S.
Italy
1770. S.
Britain salm. S
Britain m. me. S
Britain sal. m. S.
N. Amer. 1782. S
Sp. 1.
E. Indies 1806. S
Sp. 3-4.
Britain sea co, S
Portugal 1800. S
Hungary 1804. S
Sp. 2-3.
Spain
1804. S.
S. Europe 1806. S
-
Tartary
-
1265
1263
r.m
r.m
r.m
r.m
co
s.l..
h.1
m.s
co
Host gra. 3. t.34

Host. gra. 3. t.35
Host gra. 3. t.36
Host gra. 3. t.37
Fl. graec. 1. t. 98
Eng. bot. 1971
Eng bot. 409
Eng bot. 1205
co
Rox.cor. t. 132
m.s Eng bot 760

co Barr ic. t. 117.f.1
co Host gra. 1. t.24
co
Cav, ic. t. So. f. 1
s.l.
Barr ic. t. 5
1266/2
*\
|
.
~
-
W
-
|Z
|l A.
-|
| #%
"/
>
*/
".
'%/

this grass cut at the time it is coming into flower bears to that when the seed is ripe, to be as 10 to 11. Pacey's
perennial ray-grass, a variety raised in Staffordshire, has long been in repute, and there has lately been a new
variety raised in Bedfordshire, known as the Russel ray-grass.
208. Elymus. Linnaeus derives the name from sixsa, to cover, because the leaves of his Elymus maritimus
are formed into a coarse sort of fabric. The Elymus of the ancients was evidently a sort of corn. E. arenarius
is a strong rough glaucous plant common on sandy shores, and like Calamagrostis arenaria and others, which
have been mentioned (genus Lygeum, Stipa, Arundo), prevents, by its matted roots, the shifting of
loose sand thrown up by the tides. In analyzing the soluble matter afforded by this grass, Sir H. Davy found
it
contain more than one-third of its weight of sugar. It is not, however, eaten by any of our domestic ani
Inals.
209. Secale. An ancient name, sup

i to have been derived from seco, to cut, which word is said to have
been formed from the Celtic sega, a sickle. This grain, of which there is probably only one species, affords a
grain next in value to the wheat for making bread, and is generally used for this purpose, alone or mixed with
wheat, throughout Germany and the north of Europe. It is hardier and earlier than wheat. Like it, it will
ripen if sown in spring, but better if treated like a winter-wheat. In Britain it is little sown. Its grain yields
792-1000 parts of soluble matter, of which 645 are mucilage, 190 gluten, and 38 sugar.
210, Hordeum. Bodaeus Stapel derives this word from hordus, heavy, because bread made with barley is
very heavy. Bara is the Celtic for bread, whence the English words barn and barley; as beer is a slight alter
ation of the appellation of #: that tongue, Bere. Herastichon (#5, six, rri: Trixes, row), signifies
grain
growing in six rows; distichon, in two rows Zeocriton is derived from 2, which is supposed to have
been : and */3, : that is to say, barley resembling spelt wheat. The four first species, or, more
probably, sub-species, are cultivated as barleys. H. vulgare or two rowed barley, is that in general cultivation,
and of this the rath-ripe and Thanet are preferred as varieties. H. hexastichon is the bear or bigg chiefly cul
tivated in the north of Scotland, and in Denmark and Sweden. H. distichon has thin husks, and is preferred
for malting. H. zeocriton or sprat barley has short broad ears, long awns, and short coarse straw, and is not
much cultivated. The native country #barley is unknown. It was cultivated by the Romans as a horse corn,
and also for the army, and the gladiators were called Hordiarii from their feeding on this grain. In the south
of Europe they have sometimes two crops in one season; one sown in autumn and cut in May, and another
ORDER II.
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
73
1250 Spike erect close, Spikel. 3-fl. pubesc, Lower and upper in pairs middle in 3s rathershorter than fring glume
1251 Spike loose erect, Spikel. 3-fl. pubesc, lower remote shorter than the smooth glumes, Leaves involute rigid
1252 Spike erect close, Spikel, 4-fi from middle to base pubesc. shorter than smooth glume, Leaves involute rigid
1253 Spike erect close, Spikel. 6.7-fl. pub in 6s upper in 3s or pairs shorter than smooth glumes, Lvs. invol. rigid
1254 Spike pendulous close, Spikelets 2 together longer than the glumes
1255 Spike pendulous, Spikelets 3-flowered bearded in pairs, Leaves flat
1256 Spike pendulous spreading, Spikelets 6-flowered bearded in threes, Leaves flat
1257 Spike nodding spreading, Spikelets 6-flowered bearded the lower in threes upper in pairs, Leaves flat
1258 Spike erect, Spikelets 3-fl. bearded smooth in pairs, Glumes lanceol. nerved as long as spikelets, Leaves flat
1259 Sp. erect, Spt 2-fl. beard. hispid in pairs, Gls. lin. nerv. beard. as long as spikel. Lvs. flat and sheaths smooth
1260 Spike erect, Spikel. 3-fl. villous bearded in threes, Glumes bearded longer than spikel. Leaves flat
1261 Spike erect, Spikel. in 3s 1-2-fl. bearded rough, Glms. linear subul. bearded as long as spikel. Sheaths hairy,
1262 Spikelets 1-fl. rough, Involucres erect
[Leaves flat
1263 Spikelets 2-fl. Involucres setaceous spreading
1264 Lvs. short involute curved, Spike erect rough, Spikel. in 3s2-fl. longer than the bearded very narrow invol.
1265 Spike erect, Spikelets spreading, Involucr. none
[Outer glume with a shortbeard
1266 Glumes and beard rough, Paleae smooth toothed at the end
1267 Stem procumbent at base, Uppermost leafsheath tumid, Glumes and paleae subulate bearded
1268 All florets hermaphrodite bearded, Seeds in 4 rows, Stems erect
1269 All florets hermaphrodite bearded, Seeds in 6 rows
1270 Lateral florets male beardless hermaphrodite in 2 rows bearded
1271 Lateral florets male beardless hermaphrodite in 2 rows, Spike short, Seeds angular spreading
1272 All florets fertile in threes bearded, Involucres setaceous ciliated at base
1273 Intermediate glumes linear lanceolate ciliated outer setaceous rough
1274. Lateral florets male with a short beard, All the glumes setaceous rough
1275 All the glumes rough, Inner glume of the lateral florets semi-lanceolate the rest setaceous
1276 Beards and involucres setaceous very long
1277 The only species
1278 Spike slender subulate incurved
1979 Spike subulate somewhat compressed erect, Leaves channelled
1280 Spike subulate erect, Leaves flat
1281 Spike subulate erect, Glume minute, Florets bearded
1282 Spike subulate erect, Glume ensiform acuminate appressed
sown in spring and cut in autumn. In Lapland two months, and in England nine weeks elapse between the
sowing and cutting of this grain.
Malt is the chief purpose for which barley is cultivated in Britain, but it is also made into flour, and pot
and pearl barley. In order to understand the process of malting, it may be necessary to observe, that the coty
ledons of a
before a young plant is produced, are changed by the heat and moisture of the earth into sugar
and mucilage.
Malting is only an artificial mode of effecting this object, by steeping the

in water, and
and then arresting its progress towards forming a plant by kiln drying, in order
to take advantage o the sugar in distillation for spirit, or fermentation for beer. The chemical consti
tuents of mucilage and sugar are #. nearly alike: in the process of malting a
of the mucilage or
starch is converted into sugar, so that the total quantity of sugar, and consequently the source of spirit, is in
it
in
#:
creased.
Of pot-barley there are two sorts, pearl and Scotch, both produced by grinding off the husk, and the former
8 the operation so far as to produce roundness in the kernel. It is used in soups, gruels, and
variety b
medicinal drinks.
Barley-flour is ground like flour, and forms a light pudding or pottage, which, spread out in thin cakes and
slightly toasted, forms a breakfast bread much esteemed in some parts of Scotland. It is brought to table hot
from #: baking plate, and eaten with butter and honey, or cream and sugar.
H. murinum, squirrel-tail-grass, is common by way-sides, and its awns or heads are so injurious to the gums
of horses in the isle of Thanet, that one of the greatest recommendations of an inn is having hay without
any mixture of squirrel-grass.
pratense resembles rye, and to this, Professor Martyn observes, the name of rye-grass belongs, and not to
Lolium perenne, which is ray (from ivraye, Fr.) grass.
211. Microchloa. , From auxes, small. xxon, grass, on account of its size.
212. Ophiurus. A name constructed by Gaertner from kis, a snake, and sea, a tail, from a fancied resem
-
blance in the spikes of the genus to the tail of a viper. This is the genus Rottbllia of English botanists: but
no true
Cies of that genus have yet been cultivated in this
213. Monerma. From twovos, one, and #4a, support; there is only one glume, which by its rigidity acts as
a support to the flower.
TRIANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
74
214. PEROT1S. ii. K.
1283 latiflla W.
Perotis.
spiked
215. SAC'CHARUM. W.
1284 officinarum W.
Conninon
* [C] cu
Sto. An-cANE.
217. LEER'S1A. R. Br.
1986 oryzoides W.
1287 virginica W.
Gramineae.
* [A] clt 12
216. IMPERATA. Cyr. IMpraxtA.

1285 arundincea Cyr. reedy
* A ec
Leensla.
rough
Virginian
* A w
* A w
218. Di ARRhENA. Mich. DuAnahexa.

1288 americana M.
American
*
219. ARUNDINARIA. Mich.
A w
CLAss III.
Graminear. Sp. 1-2.

2 aus
Ap E. Indies 1777. S sp Rheede. 12. t. &
...
Ap
Sp. 1-14.
ndia
1597. Skrim Sloan.jam.I.t.66
Gramine.c. Sp. 15.

2: jlau
Ap S. Europe 1817. S co Cyrill.ic. 2. t. 11
Gramineer. Sp 9.
2 jlau
Ap
Levant
1793. S. co Host. gra. 1. t.35
14 jLau
Ap N. Amer. 1770. S co Jac.ic 2. t. 305
Gramineae. Sp. 1.
2 injl
Ap N. Amer. 1810. S. co Mich.am. t. 10
Graminear. Sp. 1-2.

* A or 10 jn
Ap N. Amer. 1809. S co
CANE-mmake.
1289 macrosperma Mich. long-seeded
TRIGYNIA.
Caryophyllcae. Sp. 25.
O prijl.au Pk
England old wa-S co
[C] pr? jn
W.
Jamaica 1814. S. co
*220. HOLO'STEUM. W. Holoster. M.

1200 umbellatum hy.
umbelliferous
$1291 cordtum W.
cordate
291. POLYCAR"PON. J.W.
1292 tetraphyllum W
222. LECHE/A.
J.W.
1293 major W.
All serp.
four-leaved
eater
esser
1294 minor W.
O w
LeciteA.
y A w
3. A w.
Caryophyllear. Sp. 1-3.

jl
England san.pl. S co
Caryophy'lear. Sp 2.
3 jl.au
V
Canada
1780. D co
*jl.au W
Canada 1802. D co
Eng.: bot. 27
Lam, ill. t.51, f2
Eng. bot 1031
Lam.ill.1.t-52, f2
Lam, ill. t.52 fil
W.
1283

214. Perotis.
From rzeer, deficient, some parts of the flower being absent.
215. Saccharum. From its Arabic name soukar, from which the Greeks formed raxxar, and modern European
nations sugar. Sucre, Fr. Sucker, Ger., &c. This grass or reed, though unknown to the ancients, has be
come of immense importance in modern times. There are many varieties or species both wild and cultivated
natives of the banks of rivers and meadows in both the Indies, China, Africa, the South Sea islands, and
South America. It is cultivated in a zone extending from 35 to 40 degrees on each side of the equator.
Where it was first cultivated is unknown; in all
in India, for the Venetians imported it from thence
by the Red Sea prior to 1148. It is supposed to have been introduced into the islands of Sicily, Crete, Rhodes,
and Cyprus by the Saracens, as abundance of sugar was made in these islands previously to the discovery of
the West Indies in 1492 by the Spaniards, and the East Indies and Brazil by the Portuguese in 1497 and 1500.
It was cultivated afterwards in Spain, in Valentia, Granada, and Murcia by the Moors, and sugar is still made
in these provinces. (Townsend and Jacob.) In the 15th century the cane was introduced to the Canary islands
by the Spaniards, and to Madeira by the Portuguese, and thence to the West lndia islands and the Brazils.
he Dutch began to make sugar in the island of St. Thomas, under the line, in 1610, and the English in Bar
badoes in 1643, and in Jamaica in 1644. The culture of the cane has since become general in warm climates,
and the use of sugar being universal, it forms one of the first articles of commerce throughout the world. Su
gar is described by Pliny and Galen as a sweet salt, and from the former it appears to have been used only in
medicine. Actuarius, a physician, who wrote in the 10th century, or later, was the first to substitute sugar
for honey in medicinal compositions. It was called Indian salt, and a small piece was recommended to be kept
in the mouth to moisten it in fevers. Different medical men have written for and against the use of sugar, as
they have against tea, coffee, wine, and all with similar success. The enjoyment derived from these articles
to all mankind who enjoy them, is too great to be left off in deference to the opinions of a few. Dr. Mosely
is the greatest advocate for For the last two centuries it has been an ingredient in the popular diet of
Europe. It was in use in England in 1466, but chiefly in feasts and as a medicine, till it was brought from the
Brazils about 1580 to Portugal, and imported from thence. The quantity consumed in Britain has always kept
increasing; the consumption of England alone in 1790 amounted to 166,573,344"bs., which, taking the popula
tion at eight millions, gives each individual at an average about 20 lbs. a-year.
The cane, as a stove plant, is of easy culture in soft moist soil with a good heat; it grows seven or eight feet
high, but it never flowers. It was grown in abundance in the stoves of the Paris gardens, and a sugar
loaf was made from the canes, and presented to the Empress Josephine. In the botanic gardens of Toulon
and Naples it stands the winter in the open air.
The cane in the West Indies is propagated by cuttings from the root end, planted in hills or trenches in
ring or autumn, something in the manner of hops. The cuttings root at the joints under ground, and from
those above send up shoots, which in eight, twelve, or fourteen months are from six to ten feet long, and fit to
cut down for the mill. A plantation lasts from six to ten years. Sugar mills are merely iron rollers placed
vertically or horizontally, between which the canes are passed and
sed. The juice thus squeezed out, is
collected and boiled with quick-lime, which being an alkali, imbibes the superfluous acid, which would other
-wise impede crystallization: impurities are skimmed off, and the boiling is continued till a thick syrup is pro
|''
TRIANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
ORDER III.
75
1283 Culm simple, Leaves very smooth, Joints smooth

1284 Flowers panicled, Leaves flat
1285 Pan spiked cylindrical, Leaves convolute, Joints smooth, Flowers generally diandrous
1286 Pan diffuse sheathed, Florets 3-androus spreading, Keel of the glumes fringed
1287 Pan diffuse, Branches horizontally spreading, Florets 3-androus, Keel of the glumes fringed
1289 Smooth, Leaves linear-lanceolate distichous, Flowers panicled
TRIGYNL1.
1990 Leaves elliptical glaucous smooth, Flowers umbelled, Common peduncle viscid
1291 Leaves cordate
1292 Stem branched 4-leaved prostrate

1293 Leaves ovate lanceolate, Flowers lateral scattered
1294 Leaves linear-lanceolate, Flowers panicled
1288
1.
1289
1200
1292
duced, when the whole is cooled and granulated in shallow vessels. It is now the raw or Muscovado sugar of
commerce.
A further purification is effected by dissolving it in water, boiling, skimming, adding lime, and
clarifying from the oily or mucilaginous parts, by adding blood or eggs, which incorporate with them and form
a scum. When boiled to a proper consistency it is put into unglazed earthen vessels of a conical shape, with a
hole at the apex, but pla
in an inverted position, and the base, after the sugar is poured in, covered with
clay. When thus drained of its impurities, it is taken out of the mould, wrapped in paper, and dried or baked
in a close oven. It is now the loaf sugar of the shops, and according to the number of operations it undergoes,
is called single or double refined. The operation of refining is seldom or never performed by the growers; but
in Europe, at least, generally forms a separate branch in the mother country of the colony.
Sugar candy, Shukur and khand, Indian names for sugar in general, is formed by dissolving loaf sugar in
water over a fire, boiling it to a syrup, and then exposing it to crystallize in a cool place. This is the only su
gar esteemed in the east.
Barley sugar is a syrup from the refuse of sugar candy, hardened in cylindrical moulds.
Rum is distilled from the fermented juice of sugar and water.
Sugar as a chemical compound is described as a neutral salt, consisting of the acetic acid, united to a small
uantity of oil and charcoal, carbonated hydrogen, and carbonic acid gas. Besides its use in medicine, diete.
tics, and distillation, it is employed to preserve animal and vegetable substances from putrefaction, and to com
municate a gloss to ink, varnishes, and pigments. When very cheap, it has been successfully employed to fatten
cattle. Most plants contain sugar, and it has been extracted in considerable quantities from the beet, parsnip,
maple, birch, grape, &c., but the cane is preferred as affording it in greater abundance.
216. Imperata. The derivation or application of the idea not explained. The plants resemble in their noble
port and waving silky heads the plumes ofa cap of state."
217. Leersia. Named after J. D. Leers, an author of the Flora Herbornensis, the first edition of which, in 1789,
is very valuable on account of its rarity: but its merits have been extolled much beyond reality by Sir James
Smith. One species, L. lenticularis, which has not yet been introduced to this country, has the power of
catching flies by the singular structure of its corolla, which resembles the leaves of Dionaa muscipula.
218. Diarrhena. A word signifying diandrous; #. two, &#x", male.
219. Arundinaria. An alteration of the word Arundo, to which genus this may be compared with reference
to its large size.
220. Holosteum.
A name derived from 4xor, all, and arriov, bone, all bone, and applied by antiphrasis to
this plant, which is no-bone, being very soft and delicate. The is very common in many parts of Britain,
by road sides, where protected by hedges; it flowers early in the season, and keeps flowering for a long time.
1n coppice woods on loamy soils it grows with the greatest luxuriance, and, along with the yellow primrose, and
the purple wild hyacinth, forms a most ornamental clothing to the earth in the end of April and beginning of
ay.
221. Polycarpon. From rexor, many, xagree, fruit; all-seed; one of the names applied by the ancients to
the Polygonum aviculare, and sufficiently applicable to this plant.
232. Lechea. In memory of G Lecheo, a Swede, professor of natural history at Abo, and author of observ
ations on rare plants; died in 1764. The genus consists of small N. American plants oi no beauty.
TRIANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
76
'#',"
Pipewont
septngulre E.B. jointed
1296 austrle R B.
*''' #. py
# fontana
1298
rivulris ".
Genel
* A, cu
australasian
Chickweed.
* UN cu
water
* Ow
*
O w
brook
2: MoLL Go...W.
1299 verticillta IV.
1300 triphylla Lk.
2:7: QUERIA. W.
QUERIA.
1304 hispnica W.
D. m.s Eng bot. 773
* jn.jl
ap.my W
W
D mis
1748. S. co
1821.
1295
v.
1294
**
Ehret pict t-6
D mis
1771. S co
1806. S co
1806. S co
O w
KoKNIGIA.
Iceland
8.
ritain springs.
Labrador
1823. S
D aq.
''. Engg bot. 1206

lin mys. Ap Spain
1800. S co
Polygoncar. Sp. 1.
O cu
ap
Ap Iceland 1773. S co
Spanish
1305 islndica W.
Scotland
N. Holl.
# 2.
O w
[O] w
mountain
228. KQENI'GIA. W.
s
W
W.
Portulaceae.
1,' jn

*jn.au Ap Virginia
a jl
Ap Brazil
Ca
ylleae. Sp. 3.
Ow
* jn.j
Ap Spain
O w lin.jn.jl
Ap Spain
Ow
* jn.jl
Ap Spain
Molltrao.
whorled
three-leaved
226, MINUARTIA. W. MINUARTIA.

1:01 dichtoma W.
forked
!: campestris. W.
field , .
1303 montna W.
CLAss III.
Eriocaulear. Sp. 2-34.
SN M
Ac.st. 1758.t.1.fe
Ac.st.l758.t.1.f3
Loefit rar.t.1.f.4
Quer.fi.6.t.15 fs
Lam. ill. t. 51
1200 m
s f
Why,
223. Eriocaulon. Eties, wool, and xavaor, a stem; in allusion to the velvety stem of some species. Only one
kind, E. septangulare, has been found in Britain. The species are all very curious, and deserving of more at
tention than they have received at the hands of cultivators.
224. Montia. In honor of Joseph de Monti, professor of botany and natural history at Bologna in the begin
the 18th
The plants are small inconspicuous weeds.
225, Mollugo. The Roman name of what is supposed to be our Galium mollugo, which the present plant
resembles in its whorled leaves and inconspicuous appearance.
"#"
CLAss IV. TETRANDRIA.
4 STAMENs.
THIs class is neither so large nor so important as the last. It is composed chiefly of ornamental or curious
plants, mostly shrubs, of which the Proteaceae hold the first rank. Among the few plants used in the arts
which it contains, may be mentioned the madder (Rubia), Fuller's thistle (Dipsacus), the holly (Ilex), one of
the best evergreen hedge plants; and some foreign timbers and dyes, as the sandal-wood and chayroot.
The Proteaceae, of which the first section of the class partly consists, are natives
of the Cape of Good
Hope and New South Wales; and there is this singular circumstance connected with their geographical dis
tribution, that those two continents do not possess any one genus in common; a singular fact, and of the more
difficult solution, as the genera of the order are strictly natural. They have been described by Mr. Brown, in a
long and learned memoir, in the Transactions of the Linnean Society, vol.x, where much information respect
ing them may be found. It has been impossible to state the natural height or color of flower of many of the
New Holland kinds, as Mr. Brown says nothing upon these two points; and he is the only author who has seen
the plants in their native country, where alone many of them have fiowered in the conservatory they are
mostly shrubs of from four to seven feet in height.
-
The
part of the fourth section of Monogynia consists of the Stellatae or Crossworts, which are com
mon weeds all over Europe.
Many of the genera in the strth section, such as Ixora, Pavetta, Catesbaea, are beautiful ornaments of the
conservatory. The wood of Curtisia in the seventh section furnishes the Caffres with materials for the shafts
of their hassagays.
With the exception of Proteaceae, the class is made up of a miscellaneous assemblage of species, with few
characters in common. The genera have not been combined in any other than a purely artificial manner, and
among them are to be found plants belonging to almost all the natural orders of Dicotyledonous plants of the
older French botanists.
Pothos, Potamogeton, and Ruppia are among the rare instances of a quaternary divi
sion of the flower in Monocotyledonous plants.
Order 1.
MONOGYN.I.A.
4.
4 Stamens.
1 Style.
1. Flowers incomplete, (no corolla), inferior.
229. Petrophila. Cal 4-cleft, all deciduous.

end. Scales beneath the ovary none.
Style persistent at base. Stigma spindle-shaped, narrowed at
Cone ovate.
ut lenticular, comose at one end.
i-
--~~~~
ORDER III.
TRIANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
77
1295 Stem 7-angled, Leaves acuminate cellular, Male fl. monopetalous tetrandrons
1296 Stem 7-anged, Leaves flat hairy much shorter than the stem, Scales of the head powdery
1297 Stem erect divaricating, Leaves connate-sessile oblong ovate
1298 Stem weak dichotomous, Leaves opp. sessile obtuse lanceolate fleshy
1299 Leaves whorled wedge-shaped acute, Stem divided decumbent, Pedunc. 1-flowered
1300 Stem erect, Leaves whorled three larger than the rest, Pan. terminal and lateral
1301 Leaves filiform dilated at base, Branches terminal capitate corymbose, Flowers axillary
150-2 Leaves capillary, Flowers terminal stalked alternate longer than bracteae
1303 Leaves capillary, Corymbs leafy axillary stalked, Flowers shorter than bracteac
1304 Leaves opposite filiform, Flowers terminal heaped, Bractea squarrose
1301
226. Minuartia. In memory of John Minuart, a Spanish botanist, and correspondent of Linnaeus. He pub
lished some Opuscula in 1739.
Querta.
In memory of Joseph Quer, a Spanish botanist, who published a Flor Espagnol in 1762, in six
volumes, quarto,
228. Kanigia.
In honor of Emanuel Koenig, professor of botany at Bale, and called the modern Avicenna;
he died in 1731. He published several works now forgotten. The plant is a curious inconspicuous annual, oc
casionally seen in botanic gardens.
230. Isopogon, Cal 4-cleft, with a slender tube, persistent for a long time. Style wholly deciduous.
"
hs: or cylindrical. Scales beneath the ovary none. Nut sessile, ventricose, comose on all
sides.
231. Protea. Cal bipartible, unequal, with the stamen-bearing divisions of the broader lip cohering.
Style subulate. Stigma narrowly cylindrical. Nut bearded on all sides, with the remains of the persistent
style. Common receptacle with short persistent scales. Involucrum imbricated, persistent.
232. Leucospermum. Cal. irregular, labiate, with three of the segments (rarely all) cohering at the base,
the stamen-bearing divisions distinct. Style filiform, deciduous. Stigma thickened, smooth, sometimes
Nut ventricose, sessile, smooth. Head indefinitely many-flowered. Involucrum many-leaved,
et
Imbricat
233. Mimetes,
Cal 4-parted, equal, with distinct divisions.
drical, slender.
volucrum
Nut ventricose, sessile, smooth.

'n'
many-leaved, imbricated.
Style filiform, deciduous.
Stigma cylin
Common receptacle flat, with narrow deciduous scales. In
234. Serruria. , Cal 4-cleft, nearly equal, with distinct claws. Stigma vertical, smooth. Scales 4, hypo
scales.
Nut shortly stalked, ventricose.
Head indefinitely many-flowered, with persistent imbricated
235. Nivenia. Cal 4-cleft, equal, wholly deciduous. Stigma clavate, vertical. Nut ventricose, shin
ing, sessile, entire at the base. Involucrum 4-leaved in a simple series, 4-flowered, when in fruit indurated.
": flat, without scales. .

-
Soroc'aii.
Cal 4-cleft, equal, wholly deciduous.
Stigma vertical, clavate.
Nut ventricose on
a very short stalk, or emarginate at base. Involucrum 3-6-leaved in a simple series, definitely few-flowered or
1-flowered, in fruit not altered. Recept without scales.
257. Spatalla. Cal. 4-cleft, wholly deciduous, the inner segment, usually largest.
Nut ventricose on a short stalk.
Stigma oblique, dilated.

Involucrum 2-4-leaved in a simple serics, 1-flowered, or definitely many.
flowered. Recept. without scales.

238. Persoonia. Cal. 4-leaved, regular, the segments having the stamens in their middle, recurved at
end, and deciduous. Stamens exserted. Glands 4, hypogynous. Ovary stalked, 1-celled, 1-2-seeded. Stigma
obtuse. Drupe berried, with a 1-2-celled nut.
239. Grevillea. Cal.
with the
ents 1-sided, bearing the stamens in their hollow ends. An
thers immersed. Gland 1, h
ous, halved. ovary 2-seeded. Stigma oblique,
(sometimes
nearly vertical and conical). Follicle 1-celled, 2-seeded, with a cell in the middle,
ged, or with a very
short wing at the end.
240. Hakea. Cal. 4-leaved, irregular, with the segments on one side. Stamens immersed in the con
cave ends of the calyx. Gland 1
halved. Ovary stalked, 2-seeded. ... Stigma nearly oblique, with
a conical point from a dilated base.
ollicle 1-celled, woody, with a cell out of the centre, falsely 2-valved.
Seed with a wing at the end longer than the nut.
241. Stenocarpus. Cal. irregular, segments distinct, at one side. Stamens immersed in the concave ends
of the cal. Gland 1, hypogynous, half-annular. , Ovary stalked, many-seeded. Style deciduous. Stigma
oblique, orbicular, flattened. Follicle linear. Seeds winged at base.
242. Lamberia. Cal. tubular, 4-cleft, the segments soirally revolute. Stamens inserted in the segments.
7
TETRANDUIA.
Clam IV.
Scales
4,
hypogynous,
distinct
or
united
in
a
sheath.
Ovary
2-seeded
Stigma
subulate.
Follicle
coriaceous. Seeds emarginate. Involucrum 1-7-flowered, imbricatod, deciduous. Receptacle flat, l-cclh-d,
without
chart"
243.
Xylomelum,
CaL
4-leaved,
regular,
the
segmenta
revolute
at
the
end.
Stam.
inserted
above
the
middle ofthe segmenta. Glands 4, hypogynous. Ovary 2-seeded. Style deciduous. Stigma vertical, clvate,
obtuse.
Follicle
thick,
woody,
1-celled
:
the
cell
out
of
the
centre.
Seeds
winged
at
end.
Telopea. end*
CaLofirregular,
one side
divided,many-seeded.
on the other Stigma
4-toothcd.
Stam.orbicular,
immersed
in 244.
the concave
the calyx.onGland
noneirregularly
Ovary stalked,
oblique,
di
lated.
Follicle
cylindrical.
Seeds
winged
at
end.
Involucrum
none
245.
Lomatia.
Calyx
irregular,
with
distinct
1-sided
segments.
Stamens
immersed
in
the
concave
ends
of the calvx. Glands 3, hypogynous on one side Ovary stalked, many-seeded. Style persistent. Stigma
oblique,
dilated, roundish,
flat. regular,
Follicle segments
oval. Seeds wingedatatend.ends.Stamens inserted above the middle ofthe
46. Rkopata.
4-leaved,
segments.
Scales 4,Cal.hypogynous,
distinct or connate.recurved
Ovary 2-seeded. Style persistent Stigma vertical, cl
vate.
Follicle 1-celled,
woody. Seeds
winged
at bothInends.
247. Banksia.
Cal. 4-parted.
Stamens
immersed
the concave ends of the segments. Scales 4, hjpogy
nous.
Ovary 2-celled,CaLwith
I-seededor cells.
Follicle
2-cclled,
woody. Dissepiment
loose,endsbifid.of the segments.
248.
Dryandra.
4-parted
4-cleft
Stamens
the concave
Scales 4, hypogynous. Ovary 2-celled, with 1-seedcd cells.immersed
Follicle in2-cclled,
woody, with
a loose bifid dissepi.
ment.
Common receptacle
flat having 8 glands at the mouth. Berry without juice, l-sceded.
249.
Struthiola.
Cal.
tubular,
250. Opercularia. Common calyx 1-leaved, campanulatc, 3-6-flowered, 6-.toothed, proper none. Seeds
solitary,
immersed in a closing receptacle,
which is: leaflets
operculiform,
deciduous. ; proper, 3-leaved from the chaff
6-loaved
spreading,
of251.
the Cryptospcrmum.
receptacle ReceptCommon
globose,calyx
chaffy.
Capsules 1-celfed,
unitedunequal
into a sub-globose receptacle, opening
lengthwise
in theSpathe
middle.1-leaved. Spadix cylindrical, simple, covered with flowers. CaL 4-leaved. Stamens
252. Ponos.
next
the ovary. Cal.
Berry 2-seeded.
253.
Berrytwol-seeded,
lentiform rough
seed. smalL Caps, l-sceded
254. Rivina.
Camphorosma.4-leaved,
Calyx persistent
urceolate, with
oppositewith
anda alternate
teeth very
Stamens
exserted. Cal. 8-eleft, the alternate segments smallest Style from the base of the ovary. Sect! I,
255. Alckemilla.
naked,
covered with theCal.calyx.
256. Sanguisorba.
coloured, 4-Iobed, with 2 scales at the base. Caps. 4-cornered, enclosed in the
calyx,
1-2-celled. Common receptacle 1-leaved, fleshy, dilated, spreading, orbicular, or angular, in which the
257. Dorstenia.
solitary seeds nestle
2. Flowers
incomplete,
superior.Caps. 4-celled, surrounded by the calyx,
CaL campanulate, adhering
to the
ovary, 4-cleft
seeded.
. .. CaL 4-8-cleft, campanulate on the outside rugose, inside colored, deciduous. Filameuta
very short between the segment* of the calyx. Style short Drupe ovate, with an oblong l-seeded nut
monopelalous,
\-seeded
or dicoccous,
260. Globularia. Common3. Flowers
calyx imbricated
: proper
tubular,
5-toothed.inferior.
Cor. with the upper lip 2-, the
lower
3-partecL
Seed
1,
enclosed
in
the
calvx.
Recept
chafTY.
261. Uoustonia. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. tubular. Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved, 2-eeeded.
4. Flowers monopetalous, \seeded or dicoccous, superior.
DIPSACEA
262. Dipsacus. Common calyx many-leaved, proper
superior. Cor. tubular, 4-cleft. Seed 1, crowned by
the263.calyx.
Recept conical,
cross-shaped,
entiremore or less scarious, proper double, pappu*.
Cephalaria.
Commonchaffy.
calyx Pappus
sub-globose,
with scales
shaped,
variously
split
Receptacle
chaffy.
chaffy Scabiosa' ^mmon 1 many-leaved, proper double pappus-shaped, variously split Receptacle
265. Knautia. Common cal. many-leaved, cylindrical, oblong, simple, 5-flowerod, proper simple, superior
Corolla irregular. Seed 1, crowned by the calyx. Receptacle naked.
266.
Galium. CaLCaLananobsolete
obsoletesuperior
superioredge
edge Cor.
Cor.rotate,
rotatesub-camnanulata
Seeds 2, globose Berries 2, l-seeded. Stam. 4-ft.
267.
268. Rubia.
Asperula. CaL an obsolete
edge, 4-toothed.
Cor. monopetalous,
funnel-form. Seeds 2, globose, not
crowned
by the calyx.
269. Sherardia,
Cal a 4-toothed edge. Cor. monopetalous, funnel-form. Seeds 2, 3-toothed, crowned by
thepersistent
calyx. CaL a 4-toothed edge Cor. monopetalous, funnel-form. Cape. 2-celled, not divisible in
270. Spermacoce.
two,271.with
2
cells,
Seeds with
edge rolledfunnel-form,
together overwith
theira side.
CrucianeUa.2-toothed.
CaL 2-3-leaved.
Cor.their
monopetalous,
filiform tube and an unguiculate
limb. Seeds % linear.
272. . Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, campanulate, 4-cleft Stamens exserted. Berry
4-seedcd.
273. Witheringia. Cor. eub-campanulate, with a tube having 4 projections. CaL very small, obsoletcly
4-toothed. Pericarp 2-celled, berried. Anthers conniving, opening laterally.
274.
Egiphila.
CaL 4-toothed.
Style semi-bifid,
filiform.
Berrytubular
2-cclled.funnel-form.
Cells 2-seeded.Recep
275.globose
CephaLanthus.
Commonnot
caLCor.
none4-cleft
; proper,
well asbycorolla,
4-toothed,
tacle
Cape.CaL2-4-celled,
splitting.
Seedsassolitary
abortion,
oblong.
276.
Scoparia.
4-parted,
equaL
Cor.
4-parted,
route,
with
a
hairy
throat,
regular.
Stigma obtuse. Capsule nearly round, 2-celled, 2-valved, with a dissepiment from the indexed Stamens
margins ofequalthe
valves.
277.
Centunculus.
CaL
4-cleft
Cor.
4-cleft,
tubular,
with
a
spreading
limb.
Stamens
short
Caps.
2-cellcd,
cut228.round,
many-seeded.
Plantago.
CaL 4-cleft Cor. quadrifid, with a reflexed limb. Stamens very long. Caps. 2-celled, cut
279. Buddlca. Calyx and corolla 4-cleft Stamens from the incisures. Caps. 2-funwed, 2-cellcd, many280. Exacum.
CaLmany-seeded,
4-lcaved. Cor.splitting
somewhat
4-cleft, with a globose tube. Caps, compressed,
2-turrowed,
at thebell-shaped,
end.
81. Selxea.2-celled,
CaL 4-5-parted,
the sepals keeled
or winged. Cor. 4-5-cleft, withering. Stamens exserted,
CLAss IV.
TETRANDRIA.
79
the anthers bursting lengthwise after flowering with a recurved callus at the end. Stigmas 2. Caps with the
valves inflexed at the edge, inserted in a central placenta, which finally becomes loose.
282, Frazera. Cal. deeply 4-parted, spreading., Cor much, larger than the calyx, very deeply 4-parted,
spreading, the segments oval, bearded with a gland in the middle. Stamens shorter than corolla, with anthers
at the base. Stigmas 2, thick, glandular.

ds 8-12, elliptical, with a membranous ed
283. Penaea. Cal 2-leaved deciduous.
Caps oval, much compressed, 1-celled, 2-valved at the edge.
Cor. campanulate. Style quadrangular. Stigma 4-lobed. Caps.
4-cornered, 4-valved, 8-seeded.
284. Blaria. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla 4-cleft, somewhat campanulate. Seeds inserted into a receptacle.
Caps. 4-celled, many-seeded, opening at the angles.
6. Flowers monopetalous, 2 or many-seeded, superior.
85. Chomelia..., Cal 4-parted, tubular, with unequal segments. Cor hypocrateriform, 4-parted. Drupe
oval, inferior, with a 2-celled, 2-seeded nut. Stigmas 2, thickish.
286. Adina. Cal. 4-5-cleft, with an occasional toothlet between the divisions. Corolla infundibular. Fila
ments inserted into the mouth of corolla. Stigma turbinate. Seeds 2-3 in each cell. Flowers in heads.
287. Rouvardia.
Cal. 4-leaved, with some teeth between.
Corolla tubular.
Anthers included.
Caps.
Stamens above the throat.
Berry
2-partible, many-seeded. Seeds edged.

288.
r".
Cal 4-parted.
Cor. monopetalous, funnel-shaped, long.
289. Catesbaea. Cal. 4-toothed, very small. Cor. funnel-shaped, very long.
Stigma simple. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded.
290. Pavetta..., Cal. 4-toothed.
Cor. monopetalous, funnel-form.
Stamens within the throat.
Stigma thickened, incurved.
Berry
1-2-seeded, 1-celled.
291. Ernodea. Cal 4-parted. Cor hypocrateriform. Style simple. Berry 2-celled. Seeds 2, solitary.
292, Siderodendrum. Cal small, 4-toothed. Cor; hypocrateriform, 4-cleft, with an incurved tube. Stig
mas 2, revolute.
Berry 2-coccous, 2-celled, dry, with a contrary di
iment. Seeds 2, solitary.
2: Coccocypsilum. Cal 4-parted. Cor funnel-shaped. Berry inflated, 2-celled, many-seeded. Style half
b:.#
Cal. 2, on one ovary, 4-parted. Cor funnel-shaped, hairy within. Stigmas 4. Berry
1fid,
ie
295. Oldenlandia. Cal. 5-toothed, persistent. Cor. of 5 petals inserted into the calyx.
296. Manettia. Cal. 8-leaved. Cor. quadrifid, tubular. Caps. 2-valved, 1-celled. Seeds imbricated, orbi
culate, with a central point.
7. Flowers polypetalous, inferior.
297. Epimedium. Cal 4-leaved, caducous, opposite the petals. Nectaries 4, cup-shaped, incumbent upon
the petals.
Pod 1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded.
98. Ptelea. , Cal 4-parted. Pet coriaceous. Stigmas 2. Samara roundish with a 1-seeded centre, or
299 Monetia. Cal 4-cleft, urceolate. Pet 4, revolute, linear. Berry 2-celled, with 2-seeded cells, one of
2-celled. 2-seeded.
which is usually abortive.

300. Curtisia. Cal. 4-parted. Petals 4, obtuse. Drupe roundish succulent. Nut 4-5-celled.
301. Hartogia. Cal. 4-5-cleft. Petals 4, spreading.
not juicy, ovate. Nut rather fleshy, 2-seeded.
302. Ammannia. , Cal. 1-leaved, campanulate, plaited, 8-toothed.

often none.
Pet. 4, inserted in the calyx, or very
Caps. 2-4-celled, many-seeded.
303, Fagara.
Cal 4-5-cleft. Corolla of 4-5 petals, which are shorter than the stamens. Cal 2-valved,
1-2-celled, 1-seeded, simple or compound. Stam. 4-5-8.
304 Zieria. Cal 4-cleft Cor of 4 petals. Stam, 4, smooth, with filaments inserted into a gland. Style
simple.
Stigma 4-lobed. Caps. 4, connivent. Seeds with an arillus.

8. Flowers polypetalous, superior.
305, Cissus
306. Cornus.
Cal. 1-leaved, nearly entire. Berry l-seeded, rarely 3-4-seeded, surrounded by the calyx.
Involucre 4-leaved in some.
Cal. 4-toothed.
Pet 4.
Drupe with a 2-celled nut.
307. Santalum. Cal 3-superior, campanulate, 4-cleft. Pet. 4, squamiform. Berry 1-seeded.
Embryo in
verse, albuminous.
1
".
-seed
Cal 4-parted. Nut with 2 opposite spines proceeding from the leaves of the calyx, 1-celled,
309. Ludwigia, Cal. 4-parted, superior, with long persistent sepals. Cor. 4-petals or O. Caps. 4-cornered,
4-celled, crowned, inferior, many-seeded.
so
Order 2.
310. Cuscuta. Cor. 4-fid, ovate.
DIGYNIA.
Cal. 4-fid.
&
4 Stamens.
2 Styles.
Caps. 2-celled, cut round.
311. Bufonia. Cal 4-leaved. Pet. 4, shorter than calyx. Caps. 1-celled, 2-valved, 2-seeded.
312. Hamamelis. Involucr. 3-leaved. Sepals 4. Petals 4, linear, very long. Nut 2-horned, 2 celled.
313. Hypecoum. Cal. 2-4-leaved. Pet. 4, the two exterior widest. Fruit a silique.
Order 3.
TETRAGYNIA.
&
314. Myginda. Cal. 4-toothed, very small, persistent. Pet. 4, rounded, flat, spreading. Stamens shorter than
corolla. Style short. Stigmas 2-4. Drupe
1-celled, with a 1-seeded nut.
315. Iler. Cal. 4-5-toothed. Cal. rotate, 4-cleft. Style O. Berry 4-seeded.
316. Coldenia. Cor. 1-petalous. Cal. 4-leaved.
s 2, 2-celled.
#.
317. Potamogeton. Sepals 4. Pet. O. Style O. Seeds 4, sessile.

318. Ruppia.
319.
320. T.
Cal. and Cor. O.
Seeds 4-stalked.
# 3-5-parted.
4. Pet. 4. Caps. 4-celled, 4-valved, many-seeded.
Pet. 3-5, equal. Caps. 3-5, 2 or many-seeded, opening inwards
none.
321. Radiola.
Cal. many-cut.
Pet. 4.
Caps, superior, 4-8-valved, 8-celled, globose.
Secds solitary.
Nectary
so
TETRANDIIA MONOGYNtA.
Class IV.
MONOGYNIA.
210. 1790. S s.p Bot mag. 7!
229.
PETROTHILA.
It. Fennel-leaved
Br. PcTHOPtiibA.
5 Protettcc<e.
il.au W Sp.N.Holl.
N.S.W.
130t>
pulchlla
R.
Br.
i_J
1803. S s.p
1307 dversifa R. Br. various-leaved * II oror S '
+4301308ISOPCyGON.
ABr.Br, Dill-leavcd
Isopocjon. * i_J or 5 Proteace.
S .p Cav.it6.L549
mr.jn Pa Sp.N.
N.513.
Holl
17
anithifolius
lsiu s p Bot mag. 697

4 mr.jn YPa N. Holl.
1,409
R. Br. handsome
Holl.
1791.
1310 formus
anemnfljlius/.Br.
Aneinone-leav. i_J
11 oror 54 jl.au
my.jn Pa N. Holl. iso P
1311
1512 trilobus
attnutusR. Br.
R. Br. threc-lobed
attcuuate l1
* |_| oror 4 ... Pa N. Holl. 1822. S i
Protcaecec.
231. PROTEA. R.Br. Artiehoke-flrd.
Protea.
S e.lal Bot
Bot mag.
G. H. 1774.
H mr.n Pu Sp.t. 3655.
1313 cynaroldes R. Br. ray-flowered
mag. 770
1717
1805.
7 JU Pu... C.C. G.G. H.
1314
latiflia
.
Pr.
8.1-p
1810.
H.
** or 7 ja.mr Pa G. H. 1795. .Lp Ex. bot 1 181
1315
compacta
R.R.Br.
Br. compact
milk-colored
1316
longiflra
S
al
Bot
mag.
use. .Lp Bot rep. 1101183
C. G.G. H.
2 mrjn Pu
*9 or
1317 ipecisa . Br splendid
1781!. S p.l Bot mag. 1713
Ile
H.
or
10
.
obtuse
1318
obtusa
A'n.
Pr.
Re
C.
G.
H.
or
my.jn
or 6 mr.jl D.pu C. G. H. 1789.
1319
formsa
R.R.Br.Br. crown-flowered
al.p Bot rep.
rep. 301.8
103
178S.
black-fringed
1320
mclaleca
191)6. S e.1.Lp Bot.
C.C. G.
R
or 6 mr.jl D.pu
1321
Lcpidocarpon
Hot.
reg.
208
1806.
\\T
G.
H.
1322 neriifolia
R. Br.R.Br. crested
Oleamler-leav'dai \ I or 6 f.ap
L alal Bot
reg.
20
1795.
mr.au W.pu
Re C. G.G, H.
1323
pulchlla
R.Br.
wave-leaved
Bot.
rep,
543
1789.
2
mr.jn
H.
1324 ptens R. Br.
spreading
rep.
438
1789. SS alal Bot
62 mr.jn
W
C.
G.
H.
1325
magnfica
.
Pr.
magnifcent
Bot
reg.
47144
1798.
Pu
C.C. G.
1326 longifolia R. Br. long-lcaved
alalp Bot
Bot rep.
1798.
77 mr.au
nir.au
W.bk
G.G. H.
H.
1327
umbonlu
'n.
Pr,
embossed
i
i
"*
rep.
1798.
mr.au
Pu
C.
H.
i_|or
1328 Ugulsfolia . Pr. itrap-leaved *i_J
S al Bot mag. Ii!
34S
Pa.Y G. H. 1774.
1329
melllfcra R.R.Br.Br. great-flowered
honey-hearing _ft l_Joror 68 my.d
S p.l
Bot
reg. 569
1787.
ray.jn W C.. G.
H.
1330
grandiflora
al
Bot
mag.
893
1780.
G.
H.
rayjn Pu
1331 SclymuR R Br. mail.flowered lu' 3 jl.d
1803. alal.p Bot mag. 933
C.C. G.G. H.
1332
mucrniflia
R. Br. bearded
dagner-leaved * 1\ 1| oror 3 ap.my W
1828.
H.
W
1333
incmpta
. Br.
1787. alp Ex. bot l.t 44
H.
l'k C. G.
22 ap.jl
ISN
nana
Br.
dwarf
i_|
or
isoe.
mr.jn Y C. G.G. H.
1986
pndulaA R.Br.Br. pendulous
\
S '* Par.lond.70
1801.
H.
1336
tough
* \i_J)| ororor 23 f.my
Bot rep.
1800.
C. G.
H.
Pk
13.37 tnax
canaliculta . Br. channel-leaved
f.d
mag.43721
1694
J Bot mag.
1809.
G.
H.
Pu
133H aciminta . M. sharp-pointed - 1 . . 31} mrjn
Pu C. G. H. 1802. S al Bot
my.a
1339 aralis
.
Br,
short-stalked
*
Par.
lona
11
G
or l^
ttiaucofAytla
l.p Bot mag. 2439
1806.
Br C. G.G. R
1340 Re'vis
R. fir. Kn. P. giaucous-lcawd
mooth-leaved *
1809. CLP
H.
3 - cbra
ItR Br.
rough-leaved
41*
al \Vemm.L897.
190a
C. G.
H.
1342
ripens
Br.
creeping
Lp Par. lond. 108
1803.
\ ap.my Pk C. G.G. H.
1343
turbiniflra
.
Br.
turfy
S s.1
1802.
H.
l.>14ScolopndriumBr, Hart'e-tongue
*
1790.
S
al Bot
S
.. G.G. H.
1345
cordata
.
Br.
heart-leaved
\
|
or
1}
mr.my
Pu
1802.
Par. reo.
lond.
1346
ja,mr Br
Pu C. G. H.
1802. SS p-1
al Bot
rep. BI><
H.
1:347 amplexicalis
hrailis R. Br.R.Br. stem-clasping
low-flowering *\
m\ 1 J| oror H1 jn.au
1348 acerosa R. Br.
Pine-leaved \ | or 3 mr.my
mr.mv l'k
Pk C. G. H. 1803. al Bot rep. 377
Prolencc Sp.C. 1218.
232.
LEUCOSPER'MUM.
R.
Br.
Lei
cospermijm.
1774. al Tn.protn.35.tl
au.. YY G G.G. H.
1349
lineare
linear-leaved * v_J oror 43 Jn.au
H. 1774. S p..
13SQ
tttum .R..Br.
Br.Br. smooth-bractcd
1:351 mdium
oval-leaved ** i_J
I I or 3 ray.jn G. H. 17 Cp Bot rep. 17
1306
From
Wtfoi, ,0^*'
/,
CW/*.tnc f in <* t U found nwi
ta Sa
rtdPetmphila.
atate. iir^bTrttMm'lr^.'
",1
""'
flat infl,if.
-ded
entire leavea
ore, mtamfimor
comino,, rarly^m^"F0e1,:%
Hat m, H, 7," ometimeswi'h
rioacly
imbrkuted
a tobOK
cene, oraomctimca
clua.
tlurdloam,
a third which
S will r,i(J*J,22b*iteT0,UCMted
bet and
in a ripened
!
of oneI
choaeri for cuttiiigi
i .,.i ..f"'V..,rhe I 1,0 wdl"'rive
drained,
wood may
quenUy d the 5 ^Ta^^SSto Zl^rT'" * ^fP- *" ""' te uueovere.1 Ire
2ol.vano,,, ocouin,,
A mytholoe
rTl Wr
loo aml
close.Tl,rti".
iwrf.)
upon
to whom
tn ,k' uPO,r,fkcI't
"."" f ""
who I variou. form!
olen,e.
thrive,
be,, be/ we
, ,,,^7''
'
",
in it.wi,h
forma,
ha. more
lav,, likened.
It, .of
aandj
the
pou
mu.t
dSri^tf'.
'K
'
"1
lo"mmix"1
rather
than one-third
much water; the coot, are
X'
ver,
ffi
r
.l""sh"'1
to
prevent
Ihem
from
gelling
,e,l
with
to,
arc alao ver, of runnblg amongst the . hit, of Can must be taken no
0i i
TETRANDHIA MONOGYNA.
81
.
.^.1. tomentoie
at endstalked
bearded,
Cones axillary
ranchos
,
ing.
Brauchten
tomentose
tlichlets
beneath
tomentose
smooth
SfeSS^^ Tiepal sit below the middle

S or. .,. atS ' , nii' "che ton
>1.
icd
mSitoS^
i'",d
lmrJ- n mu
Ifle
atIlracte
bue,h;n
the the
1
?dny, Involuc
1 *>
fias*
ranche,
S . .?,,
, V'' ,"
re eiliat' "
"'"sni wren amfpumle
mnt.r lK-ank4tw1tliWaek
SHT..lfad b'*i not eon
51rif5?Tleofflowi In--' ' at base, invoL hemispherical,
5 U " i W 1CU,e ,ubraurr- attenuated
Bracte* si wool|y
ttllombni
.J?"'1'
4,1 "*"*-'"M1-hairy,
Urates
Une. muer,,ntr,calj
sinoolh.
Stemamsmooth
e obtuse
Bractes
mCS*^",, the^"K1
*
the
branches
Inner
round
*"and
metbearded'
many-flow,
IBLbmg!
,n*nLandnodding
hemispherical,
Bractbractear
nOQOttlwithobtUM
Um*bT^ST4^
niucTonate,
rTower-lvaring
branches
recurved.
Bract, obtuse
athcmisph.
length .....end
"1\
m
"tttlUiltM
at
roughish
at
edge,
Branches
decumlient,
In*,
'l*UiMlm.u , Tuoth w*'->ve above, Branches smooth decuraU-nt, Invol. obtuse
^Stai^TTh^f^/f"15
and cone,
at end,at base,
Branches
colored
i \^,'!7 aDovel Bractebov.obtuse
obi pubesc.
edged veiny
attnut,
InvoLwavv
liemispher.
îSarf
t^JiS1!lin*"*
,itL tmooth Wbei
hemispherical
MMfcBk":''y-'.fli!
-r.l|.T,.u,ol...-KteU
veu.vrecurved
urv. atlnv.,1.
at edge,
edge,IiiriiInvol.
liiv-.L
tUTOBOtXUM
.1-
UtesW
tmni'' lZZSzt,
! ' J u,J,;*f.i4is.
hn. .4bumlulauughis, ..1
atre,-dp.,
!tracta
*
^P*1
smooth,
InvoL
turk
Brades
elongate lane, edgud smooth, Invol. turbinate, BrarU-s lanceolatetomentone
acuminateobtuse
Keceptacleconvex. Palee obtuse
^^^&.?'?
RibbouiPil>b.
on one. n side,
Invol.leaves
downv,im. Iêve*linear
^'lltDculyt^!;, i,' nT nair>' "nw- WlRtna
one Mde,
obi. veinvententire
obt albm
\
btigma gibb. on one side, Leaves lin. obL entire or I or ^-toothed
82
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
ISS
formMim
Kn,
Pr.
handsome
Pk
44 my.au
1358
elliptic
my.au
YY C. G.
G.G. H.
H.H.
1.334 ellptu
con tiinnunABr.Br. many-toothed
...
.
3
135
pr.ui.iiHrMiii
.
Br.
treat-towered
my.jl
Y
.
G.
H.
4
\Sr pberurn ft*. downy-leaved
S8 mv.au YY .C. G.G. H.
137 roment^MDi
Kn.Pr. cottony
H.
133*
pinle
AV
/V
matched
SS au.s YY C.C. G.G. H.
1339
cindkani
.
Kose-scented
13 UjpOphfUum .. triiitl-leaved
Y C. G. H.
H.
4
211
MlMETES,
R.Br.
..
PruteaceiB.
Sp. fi13.
1381 hirta . Br,
hairy
3|
jn.au
II
G.
H.
131 itV,12 cucullta
palustris Kn.
Pr. marsh
jn.au Pu c. <;. H.
R..Br.
three-toothed
2Hin.... Pu
\;VA
divancta
Br.
divaricate
W t.C. G.G. H.
H.
196$ vacc.niil'olia Sivcei. Vaccinium-lvd
1363 purp1"** . . Heath-leaved l_Jor 32 n.d Pu C.C. G.G. H.
H.
M.13~SERRU'RIA.
. .
Srkrukia.-Ivil.s
Ptiitcaccie.
Sp.
2.1Ki.
abrt
ulolia
n.
f.
Southernw
4 jn.au Pk C. G. H.
l.ltM millctlia A'n. P. thouNand-leav'd*
45 jn.au
jn.au Pu C.C. G.G. H.
l.'MJartemisa.'fhaA"a.^
wonnwood-lvd.
H.
Pu
11371
70 pinnta
R.Br.
elcnd.-creepmg
i_Jor
11 ju.au
jn.au Pu
H.
Pk C.C. G.G. H.
arenaria
.
Hr.
und
78
cyanoides
.
Br.
tnlid-leaved
*
li
jn.au
C.
G.
H.
Pu
1 '., : peduiicuUta
woolly.he.idcd S*
7 jn.au Pu
H.
1374
Br.. Br. decumbent
jn.au
1375 Vivent
cilita
...
ciliated
il
Pu . G.G. H.
23I jn.au
jli.au Pu
H.
1376
phylicodus
.
.
lica-flower,
C.C. G.G. H.
Pu
1377 a/mula . . grev-branchcd *
32 jn.au
H.
Pu
1378
pirilif
.
P.
mchet
*
jn.au
G.
H.H.
Pk
1379 odoru
Swret.Swrt. sweet-scented
22 jn.au
G.
Pk
1380
emanrinta
einar/inated
jn.au
G
G
H.
Pk
Serruria arenaria
Prot.
1381
glomerta
Br.Hr. Kn
manv-headed
3 jn.au
C.C. G.G. H.
1383
declpiens
R.
deceptive
4
jn.au
II.
1383
Koxbiirghi
Roxburgh's * î
3 jn.au
C.C. G.
G. H.
138* triternta
Burmnni ...... llurmann's
jn.au
1383
silvery-flower'd
7lfjn.au
jn.au
G G. H.
H.
lJ8f elongbt . . long-stalked Li
C. G. H.
35.
NIVK'NIA.
.
Nivenia.
Prvtracc*.
Sp.
512.
1387
Scntrum .... eccptrc-like a) L
2 my.jn W
C. G. H.
1.188
epathult.t
Pu
1399
spicta
. .. . maulpn-hair.lv.
ikediliire-leav. <f LLL
2*2J2, jl.au
jn.au
Pu C.C.C. G.G.G. H.
H.
1:190
crithraiflia
jn.au
Pa.pu
H.
Jyl mdia R. .
6 jn.au W C. G. H.
.
SOROCE'PHALUS.
R.Br.
Soroceph
AUS.
Sp.C. 610.
1392 diveriiflius
imbrbis . .
smooth
** l I or 3 Proteacets.
1393
..
Br. various-leaved
4 jn.au Pu
Pu
C.C. G.G.G. H.
H.
1.194
e|>atllo,des
.
club-bearing
3
jn.a-i
Pu
H.
1393
tenuioliui
R.
Br.
slender-leaved
*
32 jn.au
Pu
C.
G.
H.
1396
lantus
.
.
woolly
*
jn.s
I'll
C.
G.
1397 imbrictiu . Br. imbricated
3 ap.jl Pu C. G. H.
H.
t37.
SPATAL'LA.
R.
Br.
Spatalla.
Protcaete. Sp. 416.
1:J98
prolifra
.
Br.
proliferoiu
Ifjn.au
Pu
C.
G.
H.
1 99 ramulosa.... cluster-flowered
3 my.jn
au. Pu
Pu G. H.
14
incurvcd-leav'dil*
C. G.G.
H.
1401 Thunbrgii
. Br. Thunberg't
32J my.jn
1784.
soa
1774.
1800.
1774.
1789.
178ft
1790.
1787.
1774.
1801
17811.
1795.
180O.
1789.
1803
18(13.
17S9.
18(13.
18(13.
1803.
1789.
1800.
18(11
1788.
1801
1803.
141 i.
1800.
1789.
18116.
1806.
17811
1802.
1800.
1790.
1790.
1786.
1797.
1803.
1806.
1803.
1803.
1802.
1790.
1794.
1800.
1787.
Class IV.
S p.l
Bol.
rep. 49'
S Lp
il Pl. pht. t-800. .2
S Iivl Par. loud lib'
S p.1
l.p
294
SS p.1
PI. am.rep.L44tU3
p.1 BoL
1.1l.p w.phAtagaCa
lKd.2.p-194 c.t
S il .Pal.aiiL3W.t6
8.1l.p
.
Bot.
rep.
522
1Lip
BoL
rep.
337
BoL rep.
rep. 512
26*
S Lp
p.l
BoL
sp
S p.l.s
p.1 Pl.
L347.f.6
Botamrep
264
e.p.lBoL
rep
349
s.1
BoL
rep.
507.
f.4
S p.1
l.p
pi
Bot rep
507
p.l
BoL
rep 536
545
p.1 BoL rep.
Bur.
air.
L99.
12
S p.1
l.p
Lp
Lp Bur.afr.LiftCl
S p.l
Lp BoL rep. 447
S p.l
il Tlvu-diin 58. L5
SS p.1
p.1 Bot. rep. 24S
ip Bot rep. 234
.p
Lp
ip
Lp
Lp ThU-diin..'30.L3
S pl Bot rep 517
il Thunb.dil27.L4
l.p
23 LnuvtM
F
T. t's, Pnreitkm, Culture,
u chiefly co,i!oSl""V?h'r\,bT*whihh'.t^'md TW' ,ecd- in ,,luslon lu '-he rolor of the seeds. The Rem
he end. Heid. (enn'iiaL Fe, . The 1$ 7 4ir- I-eav"
i,h , (" 1
The soil fora. for
thisIwpoRnr!
uMm
n-"e,ofsand.
bec-au Init other
rcembles
va, the ither
genera,is
the^same
tw0-Ul,rd of ''S1" '"am, and one' third
respects,
titreatment
known. ";,^'^^"/""11'
aftCT Joaoph
U&rrurier, . foreijm boLanist, of h n little il
^HJSS^S
-J0*-"
Jo"!-!third light
loam,area sothirdiffi,
of nSTidh^S
r"ndwine
shrubi l~ts.
The soil bestalso
adapted to them
is siu>
ra
ion.
they
,,hUu.hyarc""'"I
eu ni liSLf
leaves mat the branches
liable to damp Thev
and cankerreuuire
if anyanwetairysettle
Oim I.
if Mjlitatt
'r^L';''
ffisf*
, M-tooth!
nur, the vor) vil ou?C.,.r 5*
"l,c" ,vate lbt one side,*
Uiw
,^^<|!"0'.,||7 fft" "ftt?" oval 3-!).lSth.4l
talS,la l).moothi,h ciliated
^5(^JWrf,,^
tat,,
astute and
, segmente offlow, toment
Med, Bractes rounded tomente"noches
cc a,hairy,
short
short Bracte
ai tube ofo fioS
flower
a
equal-tided
colored
acuminate
halfexscrtcd
8--flowered,
Leave*
acute entire
tBUava
Zt?.
:
miilamate
pubescent,
Stigma
short
prominent
at
base
j Inni unequaUided,Lam
Umvesovallin.obtuse
oblong Atoothed Style
smoothsmooth,
the floral
dilated Iwncath with recurved edge*
HStirnprooimbeiit,
Lm narrow obovatc almost
smooth. pubescent.
Upper bractei longer
thanHeads
flowersterminal
very acuminate
SmpfucijmbeDt, Branchesascending. Leaves linear subulate channelled, Segments offlower smooth
hairy,simple.
Head sessile higher than leave*, Bracte hairy outside
.,_ >. .leiin ham below themiddlebipinnatifidHeadt
i*t
i" hw
hairy, pubescent,
1'ed. aslongas
head
or longer, BracteBractes
hairy recurved
atend outside,
Stig.tontent
trunr,
nm kau
u?
,twandb1p1rm.1L
i!-Pinnatino
Ped.
1.3longsmoothieh,
I-eaves
pinnutttul
anscarcely
inch
i titajterminal longaxillaiy
than thestalked
stalk,clustered,
Leaves pinnatifld
and trifidandleestrifid
thanmore
an inchthanlong,
Stemlong
puliew.
ter longerthanstalk, Lvs. sprdg upper less an inch long nearlv bipin. lowershorter trifid. Stem erect
J^jJ^
stalked. Leaves
i 7*t terminal
">",
.StjS, '*? 'f mch lon(tnearly
villous,
"" "'Leaves
,ui;" ail(i
hl11' long
,
tifil
S 11 taed "h m 1 T ,lo"B' Parti'
Stig. clvate
"u: spikes, Leaves obtuse div..- ,7 Ii, i ' 'aves .smooth
....
' *
i,ni1 incurved
branche., hairy
,'5* A ort ^
-d.
bead, on ',
a
G2
Class IV.
sc. g. 1800. lp Bot cab. 327
238 .
PERSOO-NIA. R.Br.hairyPersoonia.
4 Proteacete.
myjl Y fi. s.w.
L e.p Bol mag. 760
. L-J
1794.
1402
hirsiita . .
S.S. \V.
1 I or 5 jl.au Y N.
linear-leaved
1408
linearis
ffr.
1791. L s.p
W.
Lp BoL
Cav. rep.
ic. 4.74L 389
spear-leaved
**
* H! Sw N.
1795.
1404
lanceolta
.
Br.
N.
S.
W.
willow-leaved
L s.p Bot rep. 280
1405 ealicna /. . broad-leaved
17115.
N.
S.
W.
4
jn.jl
Y
1406
latiflia .-/nrfr.
4 jnjl - N.S W. 1822. L a.p
pine-leaved *
1407 pinifolia
R.Br. . Br.
So.fi. 13
S 8.P Bot.
mag. 862
Grevillea. -. i I or 6 Proteacete.
t.
GREVIL'LF.A.
W. 1790.
Sm.N.H.t.9.f.5
* i 1 or ap.e Pk
1408
serlcea
R.R.Br.Br. silky
N. S.s.w.
l.p
l'u
Lp
Bot
cab. lt>
purple
1409
punlcea
N.S.W.
1822.
i .ti _lor.. 6 . Pk
S s.p Bot. rep. 272
141D
. Br juniper-like
N.
SS. W.
1790.
linear-leaved
* uJor 4 ap.s w
Lp
1411 juniperlna
linearis . Br.
N.
W.
1791.
Pk
river-side
1412 riparia R. Br.
Pk N.N. &S. W.
1803. S Lp
1s 1i II oror 54 ap.e
1413
arenaria
. .Br.. sand
1414
acuminata
acute-leaved
N. S. W.
W. ISIS.
1809. s.p
s.l
1 or ap.s
ap.s
1415
stvlsa
Kn.
P.
long-styled
N.
S.
W.
1B09. Lp Bot. cab. 857
i_J
or
4
ap.s
1416 mucrllulta . . Podalyria-leav. L_J '
N.
S.
W.
1822.
Lp
1417 cinrea Br. cinereous
N aW. 1790. S s.p Bot rep. S18
6
fs
*t_jor
Box-leaved
N. S.W. 1802. l.p
1418 buxiflia . Br. hill
mr.jl
1419 Kn. P.
mr.jl Pk N. S.W. 1806. Lp
1420 aspleniiflia . Sr. Asplenium-lvd. 1 1 I or 5 Proteacete.
Sp.S 20-.
Hakea.
240.
. Br.. dagger-fruited
S. W.L. 1796.
S Lp
s.p Bot cab. .353
my.jn W
i|_Jor
1421HA'KEA.
puginiformi.^.
V.N.Holl.
Dl.
1796.
W
1 i I or 6_ my.jn
Bot cab.
matched
1803.
1422
parilis
*.
P.
...
W
ic. 61682
t. 54
1
1
(or
6
oblique-flower,
1463 obliqua R. Br. gibbous-fruited
1790. s.p
s-p Cav.
7 my.jn W NN aS W.
Vent. mal. HI
1424
gibbsa
.
.
W.
1790.
.p
3
my.jn
W
needle-leaved
1425
aciculris
.
Br.
N.Holl.
1803.
SP
4 ja n W
Bot reg. 475
1426 suavolens R. Br. sweet-smelling
1427 microcrpa . Br. small-fruited i_|or 4 my.jn W V. DLL. 1819. sp Bot mag. 2579
1803
p
N.
Holl.
5
my.jn
W
l_)or 4 jl.s W N. Holl. 1803. s.p
1428
flrida ..Br.Br. many-flowered
1429 iciflia
Holly-leaved
1SB. 6. Bot mag. 2846
5 jn.jl W N.
1430
. Br. H.Br, glossy
N. Holl.
Holl. 1803.
llil nitida
amplexicailis
stem-clasping 11 or 21J ...... W
s.p
1803.
N.
HolL
W
14.H
prostrata 7C Br.
trailing
1803
, I or 43 my.jn Br N.N. Holl.
143iceratophvlla
R.Br,
horn-leaved feL_]or
s.p
1821. I. 8,
a
W.
1434
Rcanthophilla
Lk.
prickly-leaved
Holl. 1803.
35 jn.jl W N.
1435
undulta
.
.
wave-leaved
S
1794.
N.
Holl.
14VS leirlia . Br. olive-leaved
Bot rep. 215
S .
sp
1791.
N.N. Holl.
75 mr.jl
W
willow-leaved
1437 sallgna . Br.
sp Cav. ic- 6. t. 535
1803.
HolL
jn.jl
W
hoary-leaved
1438
cinerea
.
.
17isi
6.p
N.
S.
W.
7
jn.au
W
nerved-leaved
1439 dctylodea . Br. oval-leaved m i_) or 4 jn.au W N. HolL 1794 .p
1440 elllptica . Br.
Protcacex. Sp. 12.
S411441STENOCAR'PUa
sallgnus . Br. R.Br.
fragrantStesocarpus.
II or 5 jn.jl G N. Holl. 1819. 1.1 Bot. rcg. 441
Proteacete. Sp. 12.
2421442LAMBElt'TlA.
R.Br.
LambeRTIA.
formsa . Br. handsome * 1I or 4 jn.au Be N. a W. 1788. .p Bot. rep. 69
Proteacete. So.N.1.a w. 1789. S .p Cav. ic. 6. 1 536
2431443XYLOME'LUM.
.
Br.
Xvlomelum.
pyrifrme . Br. poar-fruited 111 or 14
Sp. 12.
244. TELOPE'A. Br. Warratah. t l_|or 10 Proteacete.
myjl S N. a w. 1789. .p Bot mag. H?"
1444 spcioslssima . . splendid
1792. Bot. mag. 1272
Proteacete.
245.
LOMATU. L_|or 2 jn.au !S7W.
1445I.OMA'TIA
sililolia . Br.. Br. cut-leaved
2 jn G [.aW. 1816. Lp Bot reg. 441
1446 longiflia . Br. long-leaved
I7se, Propagation,
rQvnonsls
238. Persoonia.
named byworks
Sir J.History,
honorandof about
. H.Culture,
Persoon,
celebrated
Plantarum
and otherSo esteemed
: E.heSmith,
is still inliving,
to publishthea new
edition author^P^S
ot nie .
Synopsis.
,
... _ jcrt
239. OreMtea. So named by Mr. R. Brown, after the Might Honorable Charles 1 rancis. l.nn.
promoter
was one
the vice-presidents
the Royal
Society,
home roots
spec ' in
abundanceofofnatural
scetls ; history.
all of themHethrive
in anofequal
mixture of sandyof loam
and peat,
and strike
anil
, at. lianovir.
-..or This
240.under
thikea.a hand-glass.
by Schrcbcr
BaronsandHake,
patron; ofandthecuttings
botanicroot
garden
Eenus
thrives
In Named
equal parte
of loam, after
peat, and
well adrained
readily
in sano u ^
and-glau.
OlDU I.
85
WS
leralinear
hairyscahrmu
recurredat
edge, Flowers
axillary,
Ovary one-iided ailky . vw.r ilkv
m
lent,
oblong
biliarmiKTW.te
rathervillous
Flowers
axillary
solitary
m Lene. Unflateoremptied
mucronatoFlowers
glabrousnooth,
smooth,Stem
Peduncle
axilUryJ-flower^,
1*
*1
ItUirabnwLiteol.ion
iuie.iuaUuied,
arborescent.
Barkremote
to
IW
Lm.hoberste
acute
smooth
on
both
sides
without
ribi
thick,
Flowers
axdlary
on
long
stalk*
l*r Luvelax, Spikeleafy elongated pyramidal. Floral leave* abbreviated
Styleback
smooth,
FoiiicJe riblets.
1Lmtrtipt
orobL
muer, broken
at theedge*.
Flower-er
brancheserect,
Raceme*
abbrevjrecurv.
1Leamelliptical
obtattenuate
at baie
broken
back
at edges,
bearing
branches>recurved
Leaesi!-uUe
(..\<
div.,nralmg
broken
back
at
the
edge,
Branches
villous
rounded
1411
Lew*I w.lint-
Lnrenbte
at edges,
abbreviateerect,
end
IMS1ttoog.
lin.ken acute
backat.
edgesbroken
smooth,backInner
beardRae.
ofdowervery
dense, Sty
Stalk*e verysmooth
longer than atovary
StyU hairy.recurved
Fotlidefew-flowered,
ribbed. Pistils tornentose
1Lmaoblong
obtuse
mucronato,
Racemes
Ml*
Lilanc.subjcum.beneath,
muer, above
dottedlongcompressed
scabrousbeneathcinereous,
recurved.
lili UtmUn.toLhairy
Stylevery
hairy at backBrancpube*. Rae. w-.
tor noniontal
16 Ltwts
Lttia(iterate
rathersilky.
ellipticalobtandmuer,
obovateabovescabrousand
muerouate aboveshiningbeneath
rougnish beneath
cinereousHairsofflowersappressed
HISLea*elliptical
abovedotted
scabrousbeneathcinereouswithclosetomentum,
PiU
woolly.
Follicle
riblea.
Stig.\orbic.
recurved
scarcely
appendage
as long
HIS Lamelliptic lanceolate littlerevolute at edge, blowers scarcely higher than leaves
Raceme
Uyrswd.
Leaeet
pum
t^fid.
(True
GrevUlea,
Br.)
VolLeara elongate linear mnnatifid cut or entire beneath tomcntose, Racemes 3 times as short as the leaf
\ Lwvetnooth
[renncoth,with
Flowers
hairy. Caps,
lanceolate
acuminate straight created on both side*
leavesfiliform.
bloomsilkynotorchannelled.
Petals
woolly
Unehide,
Branchetoment
Glandattached
to
oblique
endandoisUlk,
Flow,
silky, Caps,
giblwus nodose
withanobsoLfurr. atbaseandbranc.
BranchL
fl-stks.
hairy,Caps
gibb.withcav.
inside
Hb Lnben.
LesTftraioothbeneathlielon
themiddle with s..pub.
an obsolete
furrow
the
length
offruit, Caps.
| rugose
li
i
*,efu,TU'1sbrivepuinatindoccasionally
undivided.
Flowers
ra
"SLn.ouppcrbrancheitibf
"~u'""inuLonowerflut Perianth., ' r,(,WCTB racemose

1ISI In 5*S .' ** hue iih , f. .
1 4 Spurred ovate i
near Capsule* spuria 1 MeraPro* Branc. pube*. Caps, spurlos*

'nts 1 mch hi.r i
e ., laiiceol.
, ,,, ,
"n..-""'
iI2Lc an.8"[ar'Bark warted
IIV
He Une
' mouth
fi
RllOPALA.
RHOPA'.A. . tonth-leaved
1447
1448 dentta
ei-ssihioliaIt Br.Br. ecssilc-leaved
Banksia.
247. BANK'SIA. - Br emall-flowered
144i.
1450 pulchlla
sphieroerpaR. Br.
Br. round-fruited
nodding-flower.
141
nutans
Heath-leaved
14"<2 spinulosa
ercit'liaB..BrBr.
Hi
. spiny
hill
1454
colhna
R.
Br
1455 occidental's . Br, west-coast
1456 littorlis . . sea-side
various-leaved
14
margnala
1458
australes
.....Br. southern
entire-leaved
149
intgriflia
140
vcrticillta
.Br.Br. verticillate
sc..riet-flowered
lii
coccnea
R.
marshy
14-K
1463 paludosa
oblong",folia Br.
. oblong-leaved
broad-leaved
14.4
latiflia
.
.
short-leaved
14*1")
1466 mam'scens
insulris 7. .Br. Island
smooth-flower
1467
ttenuta
Br.
saw-leaved
1468
serrta
.. .
deeply-sawed
146!>
ee'mula
Br.
querciflia . Br. oak-leaved
toothed
1471
dentSta
.
.
1472 spccina . Br. long-leaved
great-flowered
1473
grandis
.
creeping
1474 rpens . .
.many-flowered
1)kyani>ra.
24S.
DRYAN'DRA.
.
1475
floribunda
.
.
1476 cuneta . . wedge-leaved
acute-leaved
1477
armta
splendid
1478
formsa .....
147;
plumosa
. feathered
obtuse-leaved
144)
obtiisa
.
.
1481
nivea
. .. . white-leaved*
long-leaved
148S
longiftia
1483 tenuiflia . . fine-leaved
49.
STRUTHI'OLA.
1484
148;' junipertna
erecta W. en.W.
1486ovta
W. II .
1487 imbricta
1488
tomentsa
1489
virgita
11. .. .
140
cilita
Aiulr.
14''1 pubescens
H. K.
14P2
mena /.orfrf.
Class IV.
Lp Kudg.gui.Lt31
s.p Bot mag. /
. Bot . 437
8.1Lp
G 8.
8, Bot.
mag.7f71947
reg
s.p
1p Bot
Cv.ic.tU
4v<4n
s.p Hook. ex. . 96
L Lp
,
Bot
cab.
3P2
S .
Lp
Bot.
Gib.
41406
s.p
Bot
mag.
. Bot rep28
L .
S P
1 Bot.
Bot rep.
-
Lp
s.p
1.S.P
p Voy.delab.lt
S . Bot mag. IS
. Lp
Un.tran.iat3
1
1
p
1803. Lp V ov.delab .Lt.i
1805. S . Bot. mag. loa*
1803. S s.p
Lp
8.P Bot.
Bot mag.
mag. 222
21*
.p Bot
.
119
Bot
rep.
US
s.p Bot.rep.3S4
Botrep. LB
,.p
pp Botrep.149
Bot
Bot mag.
cab. 111212
IBlta, 7, Propagation, fwtrc.

,- species eldom
24.. Rhoonln.
The vernacular
one ofof the
(Imanawhich
is Kmipal
Bower,
and are remarkable
more forname
the ofbeauty
theirpcci
fohagefound
than inblossoms,
arc idispose I longeplkei,
usually
of a greenish color. by Up to honor of.....
dBank.. u...
s a distinguished
proW/MtW
Josephvjjje
Bart1S90.rw
'^^\"h-gmt
en*.**
motor
of the studySoofuamed
natural history, a"d f scimceuiMrgmcral
dUedta
JIM
um t m,
te well
to' boinertgrown
well"
requires
a
soil
composed
of
equal
parts
of
peat,
loam,
and
and.
lbe
1
halfway
, and the following is the mode recommended by Sweet : - Place a piece of
aun^
r the hole at the bottom of the pot, then lay another piece against it that it may bo honow, ai
. smaller
n pieces
-. all,n rounda tliein,
,um and
.,1 some
.omr. more,
,. broken very
vrrv small, on the
tile top
ton ofot tbesi
these. AO '1 ogrt the
some
ing to the Proteacea? should be drained in the same manner, as the roots are ver)...evare"
lona must
ni be taken not to
broken potsherds ; and there is not so much danger of their being overwatered ;.careshouldals
i......
-
, an
them
flag
for
want
of
water,
as
they
seldom
recover
if
allowert
J^^,<^J^'^"^tloit
of air.
airy
part
of
the
green-house'when
in
doors,
as
nothing
is
more
lieeficial
to
them
than
afreec
Cuttings are generativ supposed to be difficult to root, but they will root readily if *? monagod- ^.(1
be well ripened before they are taken off; then cut them off at a joint, and plant them in pnis
)
shortening
leaves,thevexcept
on the inpartthethat
wherearm
tne>wnen i,h nd^
iewelljn
quite close ;anvtheoflessthedepth
are planted
pota istheplanted
better,inif the
theysand,
only stand
dousl round them ; then nlac'e them under hand glasses in the propagating house, But noi l'
1MJ
complicitoblong
toothed
attenuated at both ends
IW \iltrroiteotitelanceolate
Lcav1together tutacuite wedge-shaped
entire
11
entire
not
pointed,
Claw
offlower
woolly,
Segmente
Stigma a depressed head
0Urarm
entire
miKTOiiate, Flower
all hairy, StigmaFlowers
subulate,silkysmooth.
Cones globose
hum
.
.
entiremucronate,
Mower
headsnodding,
Lernt
Leirei acerweS-loothed
icerose at .'-toothed
entire. tooth
Flowerlongest
headsprickly
long, Flowers
MS
end,: thetheterminal
middle
or entiresilky,
at theStigma
edge, capitate
Stigma subu
1
La<a linear
prickly toothed
toothbeneath
shortestveinless.
]&Lmnlinearbcjotidthe
middle
prickly
toothed
Stem
shrubby,
Branches
smooth
M Leave
lam linearinnate
kflilia ifficklvmucronate
toothed atten.
atorbaseveinless
beneath. Steminconspicuous,
arborescent, Ends
Branchlcte
fomentse
IG
entire
toothed
;
veinsbeneath
ofbranches
hairy
ItLanalin*jrtruncate
mucronate
recurred
at edgewithentire
beneath netted
netted, veins
Endsbeneath,
of branches
tomentose
USLtttn
whoriedubtonu
lane,
entire
mucmnulate
conspicuous
Stem
arboreous
lWi
Lam
wborird
lingulateoblong
otrtuse
unarmed
beneath
veinless
white,
Stem
arboreous
1161
LmtciItem, wedge-shaped
obovatc
or obLobi.toothed
truncated
rilibcdat base
maculated
the base transverse
lVSLMmioinewhat
whorled
wedge
sliaited
*ublrunc.
attenuated
beyondatmiddletoothed
1+3
Lumtattered
oarr.
obi
trunc.
toothed
serr.
beneath
ribbed
and
veiny,
Footstalks
and branchL serrate
toraenL
1V4
Lcsthnbciteoblong
prickly
serrate
acute
at
base
beneath
ribbed
reticulated
cinereous
Us
uJlZ
^
.oWraif!
1,||
errate
]*> Leave iW-.k,~j - bpvntirf th miaUi- *
fe1"*1"
** truncated>ul32S22ittSi
deeply , ,S
, >.
!moo,h1' I
Ûr!""l"h4"1
J2U'atai
'- bearded not furrowed
sinuate toothed ^ , ^Bmcntlbearded
offlowt awned
offlower
|;I ifr"tt^
p.nnitiiid, Siut^
(ri-rnr. i , J- I nckly stalked, Rractes all smooth silL-v
g ^^ptel li", }!< > flat .now.wliite beneath,
te.htlebeneath, Lcta IAUS3Sf*'

ffi i.o S bS ka " h
theyareliableapttotocanker
damptheir
off---,-r,them,
as theorb(|t
sand
Closp
framc
n)(traist,,
n h,n t \vvbottom
tosed
the from
air t,yseeds.
degrs.
Mms
In raising them from sS t

'^lL|m't,, IT S ," a in the ,C,," ;, *d I> ;"4'd ln 'be reen-housc ; or if it i,
& -S u A* if le in TSbtft ^TeK
Jonas Dryander, 'hose catalogue of the
"sloam
had
... e,. ! " -'",>"1 "mit
Ult7dillimltv
"i'Jin to push,
are rootM '
Tin'
'"4n": 'be pointed edva>cUhc
4
e resemblance to the beak of*
Class IV.
TETRANDKIA MONOGYNIA.
2.1493OPERCUI.A'RIA.
W.rough-seeded
OlMCT'iAMA.
topera (.
f iAJ w 1 jn*^"
jl w l&wf 178ft S s.p An mu.4 t70.fl
251 CRYPTOSPER'MUM. I'.S. Cryptoshbrmum Vateriane. Sp. I. W. 1793. Linn.trans^ ta
Youngii
S.
chaffy
*
J';au
_
i Youngii
Aroide.
Sp. W12^854, POTHOS. W.
,
Indies 1710. Sks.p
1
ap.jl
cu
cu ap.jl Ap
stemless
1',.,!,190.
Sks.u Jaeam2WtW
Plum am.4.i.ft.
1495
Ap Jamaica
lance-leaved 23
14. acadis
lanceolta. f.
Sk a.I Hook. ex. fl 55
Ap W. Indies 1793.
22 cu 23 ap.jn
-fruited
17S9.
Sk
s.p
Bot.
mag. r
1417
violcea
ap
my
Ap
2
23
cu
sweet-scented
S.
Amer.
1796.
Sk
s
p
Jac
ic.it
1498
L72 cu 3 ap... Ap
1499 cannxfotia
erassinrvis .W.. thick-nerved
America
1770.
Sk
s.p
Plum.
ic. 8* t
Ap W. Indies 1800. Skp.l Bot mag.1584
heart-leaved jgtzacu 3 au Ap
1500
cordata
Sks.p Jac.ic-3. thlO
1501
sagittta
3/.ff. arrow-leaved
Indies
1
3 my.jn Ap W.
large-leaved
2
El
i
108
nuciouMUa
Sk
p 1 Bot. mag. 83b
Barbadoesl790.
2 my.jn
jgSlcu
Im.; obtusifha //. A' blunt-leaved
Skp.l
Amer. 1735.
inr.ap Ap
Ap S.N.Amer.
lA| cu 31 jn.jl
Scunkweed IS2E2CU
p.l P1um.am.49 trA
JI504
fte'tida
7/IV.
180 i. Sk
Ap
palmated
1505
palmta
Sk
p.l
Bot.
mag.
1375
on Ap Cayenne 1303,
150u peiitaphflla . ve-leaved ^ [Z2cu 2 Otenopode.
57.
253.
RIVI'NA.
W.
Ritma,
S
r.m
Bot
mag.
1781
W. Indies 1(399. ).p
W
. ICDI oror 22 ja-o
1507 hmilis IV.
downy
VV.
Indies
1804
my.au
W
canes'cens
W.
hoary
Lp
W.
Indies
1815.
2
my.au
Pk
g- i I or 2 fe Pk W.Indies 1733. S r.m Bot. mag. 23
1508 purpurscens
HQor
1608
lse'vis K. W.(Km. purple
smooth
2 jn.jl G Brazil 17
L-
1510
wave-leaved
I I 20 my.jn W W Indies 1752. pS B.Im.l4at23.f8
1511 brasilinsis
octndra IV.
climbing
Chcnopode. Sp. 1-5.
254.
CAMPHOHOS'MA.
W.
Campiiorosma.
1512 monapeliaca W. hairy
n. \ | cu \\ au.8 Ap S. Europe lsO. .1 Schk. baal. t2
Sp. 714me pa. 1) Eng. bot 5!>7
255. ALCHEMII/LA. IV. Ladies-mantle.
Britain
1513
vulgaris WIV.en.en. common
Mill. ic. 1. 18
Britain
moon,
I)
mountain
1514 montana
Caucasus
1813.
Hort. ber. 2. t79
1515 pubescen*
W.
en. pubescent
Caucasus
1813.
1)
silky
151fi
sericca
IV.
en.
Eng.
Britain
livery
1517 alpina W.
Bocc.bot.
inus.244l.tl
SwitzerL rocks.
1784. I)1)D
1518
pentaphfllaIV.tV. five-leaved
Eng- bot 1011
Britain
Paraley-piert
1519A'phanes
Sp.5. me. pa. S Eng. bot 1312
25S. SANC.UISOR'BA. IV. Great-bo,
Britain
oificinal
1520$ olricinlif
Italy d Bwc.mus.19.L9
eared
auricuta
Sehr. mon. t. S}
flesh-colored
1521
crnea
Fisch.
1820.
DD
fine-leaved
1522
tenuiflia
Fisch. short-spiked
Zan. h.181.1138
1785.
Canada
1523
mdia
W.
Canada 1633. D Cor. can. 1 174.
1524 canadensis IF. Canadian
t14.
DORSTENIA.
257.
DORSTE'NIA.
Brazilian
S.& Amer.
Amer. 1798. RR 8.1s.l Bot mag. 2017
152)
Houston's f "
1536 brasilnsis
Houstni If.IV. Contrajerva-rt
Jac. ic. 3. t 61*
Sk
S.Brasil
Amer.
1
1527
Contrajrva
p.l
B.1 Bot mag. 2476
-leaved (Z3 cu
1528 artolia
History,
Propagation,
Culture, plant, of pretty appearance, nd
"tvrculta'ti!nr bnL ThC Slcitii
are aUUse,daDderi
hardy, green-house
250. Opcrcularia. From operculum, a lid, in allusion to the manner in which the calvar, is closed Planta of
no851,
beauty
C'ryjitosvermum. From *?wt*, to conceal, nnd <>, seed. The seeds, or rather eecd-vesaels, are
Hidden
the mvolucrum.
of
tropical coimtriw.
,
linothos.
From
//,onWeeds
the
native
nameol
plantWest
In Ceylon.
MostAmerica.
of the species
arestoves
sul)-parasitic,
round climbing,
likeplanted
ivy,
the
trunks
of mos,
trees this
in the
Indies
nnd
Inleaves
our
mostofthree
of and
the
species
will
thrive
In
old
bark
and
and
plunged
in
heat
P.
pulmatt
has
upwards
reet long, with a loot-stalk nearly four feet long, palmate, as thick as strong parchment, smooth, with a midrib
oiathe
oeepsalce
green
aWne,
and
the
fructification
oil
spikes
inore
than
n
foot
in
length
The
species
are
cnltii'ft14'
ot their foliage, hieh is always or an agreeable green color, anil not liable to discoloration by damp
or. loi?
other accidents
of a hot.house.A- 9- . native of Saxonv, bocn in 1638, and died In I He M for
â,,:
, i .t K.i, ,1V.
!r '" mc,,.'"ory
"-""'>'"Itelnpt
an(l "'icilieat
Ixiipsig, and
left iH hind
some ; valuable
Imtanical
works
and
, ,pl',,mu"
ath"ve
a classification
or plant,
byname.
thellilncorolla
from observes,
which
some
modem
bonetne
lias'^'.,
m'T
"'n
tlH'>'
"'knowledge
1
he
a.
Linna-us
with
his
usual
offlexiH S,
n
F
?'
,nf
,rub
always
covered
with
leaves
and
fruit.,
in
allusion
to
the
merit
of
the
works
. iL .IilSS
H00P-fiJamaica, and nue of Martinique, has a vcrv long teugh
nexue stain an mm or more in diameter, and sometimes made into hoo( in the West Indies. Thcbariescon.
U rs I.
TETHANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Ml^roiBmleorate rough, Flowers oplate, Head, .talked aallarj

1SonUomemi and learn lanceolate entire imootri
Iffi parelanceolate entire nerreleaa
Sf- fe?Tf'2l,med
i " 1' entire'ein>nerved dotted 3-tornered at the end
ta
Letra,* cordate)
S
*f*'I.C*,, s , Aglobo
Inalcd,
ISa*
1 Ledmuij,uintlt
K acuminate
WLereipubeicent
m 2 !n 'lli'tei, Petiole.
Med hear,, Sem, amending .imple
IfciS eSStr ST
e, Segment, tnfid 0[, duAnd m<mandrout
^lTlrn,ribanthC"t. -e orates
i"!" * lanceolate crenat.
S "'omrJareo,V,;,?7 ' F!*" quadrangular

X *J
.at I:'.'..
J^fc!,^lta^!lmf00'1"Jl5e
thrushAinr iiiRhtingalc
thev containbush
a veryCapeicunV,
oily need, and
and
^'*wl**:m.tirwjm4
"( ' AmCTican
1 ' fr'Witb'
to the next ;bird-pepper
** ' ^t*om,lna
juJw
,
t4what
,,niWM0'
topromotethe
digestion
that
oleaginous
heavyfood.
'
i 1(^^
words,withtheaone
Utinoilycamphma
otherstimulaiGreek
4t *vn WiKr
h, ,;J lor: l,1:,,,ttwo
alwuiuU
volatile
alt, and, isand
warmtheand
atrtn-lbi. Ii"*". **,,
it* 1,1
; hut, Mhr*,
other* ,hp,
main.
Zg^^mSStSSO^
/ *from
A.alrhvmical
vulgaris pIS'^
eaten readilyby
*ere and
it P-T
nlwmnds
atures.
A. alpinato aid
is aneonslderrimai
~, m rT,nttheon ma,i ^'1|1'1
ow Hi^nUrid mountains,
aunnoacdm byupland
Liehtfont
and others
rrT
10 ""'^nd mutton.
A Hphaiushasi,nas*cd
a worthies,
weed
" ^^^S^S^^
Wfm pvtiir
ahsorb. The
for anobacrvee,
excellentthatruineld^'nbetmnitan
* andm "*(.
Vo"<rrfa **<*-\
ndplant
Profeasor Martyn
it ia
aseL"*jlHl, bovm.r thitH ,h.at two?ener imilar in habit ,hould be placed so far apart. It
Ui&?b!
t^'eUtiTt-nu.!,!,,
IV
the
Linntcan
system
was
lea*
to
brim
planta
together
^* lowntti,; their name! *MOcUle thom cording to one quality, which might serve a*
L"^W
"*m- ToIr^.Jh.t?t?*
1*,
of a work
Bolanicon,
rr!' 5fi ,hc
"orbaofGerman,
Dorsten,author
thv have
little entitled
to recommend
them.printed
1he
Umtrajerra roots, and used both in medicine and dyeing.
Class IV.
w
Sn1&
OnagrarUe.
ISNARDA.
Schk. han.1. t25
saa isnarta. w. mar))
G Eur., ce. 1776.
* w 1 jl
1529 palustris W.
Sp.S. 510.
Ekeagnc.
Oleavter.
Pall. toss. L t*
259.
EL/EACNUS.
W.
Europe
1633.
15lu jl.au
jl
153angu8liflia
W. narrow-le.ived
N. Amer. 1813.
silvery
1531
argntea
Ph.
Pall.
rose. l3Sl
1 1. 5
Levant
1748.
10
jl.au
oriental
Bm. zeyL
1552 orientlie W.
E. Indies 1712.
broad-leaved * l_Jor 33 jLau...
1533
latifolia
W.
1534 acuminata Ut. Acuminated

Sp. 613. 1775.
S6U GLOBULA'RIA. W.long-leaved
Globilaeia. L_l pr 3 GlobularniE.
Bot,
W
Garid.reg.aU.685t-48
1535
longiflia
W.
S.Madeira
Europe lflW.
2 J jl.au
aus
Pa
threc-toothed l_|pr
1536
Alypuin
W.
Bot. mag. 2256
Europe 1640.
my.jn Spain
pr
1537 vulgaris W.
|_Jpr 4 my.jn GermanV 1640.
prickly-leaved
Jac. aus. 3. L 245
1538
spinsa W.(f.
ltviJ.
wedge-le.ived pr Jjnjl
1539
Jac. aus. 3. 1 230
Germany Lfflt
jn Jl
1540 cordiflia
nudicauli W. naked-stalked pr J Rabitete.
S/J.215.
HoUBTONIA.
+261. HOUSTO'NIA. W. blue-flowered
Bot
370
4my.au
KB
N.
Amer.
1/85.
15*1
Bot mag.
cab. 1621
1 my.au Pu N. Amer. 1800.
purple-rlo.ver'd]
1542 cajrlea
purpreaW.W.
Dipscea:.
Sp.
610.
Teasel.
362.
DIPSA'CUS.W. *K clothier's
Eng.
bot
Pu Britain
hedg.
1543
Eng.aus.
bot5.2080
1032
Britain m.hed.
wild
1544 fuUuum
sylvestris
f.
Jac
1 403
Germany
1683.
cut-leaved
1545
laciniatua
W.
Caucasus
1820.
intermediate
1546
Gmelini
Bieb.
Nepal
1823.
unarmed
1547 inrmis I'/
Eng. bot 877
Britain moi.pl.
1548 pilsus W.
Dipscea.
SpSwitieA
1830. 1570.
263, CEPHALA'RIA. ScAr. Cephalaria.
Be.eys.e.t8.f.l
3
jnjl
L.Y
!1549
Alpine
-
Siberia 1804.
1550 alpina
albescensW. W. en. etitt-Ieaved
wlntieh
Com. hort2.t33
C.C. G.G. H.
1731.
1551
rlgiila
W.
H. 1774.
narrow-leaved
n.
Jac.
vindA till
1552
attenuate
W.
Transylv.
lom
Tr.msylvanian
Mor.h..aH.fl4
11553
transylvnica
S>Tia
1633.
Oer.
ema.Ti-Lnti
1554
fyrlaca
W. W. W. Syrian
France
1739.
white-flowered
Actapa.174**
1555
leucntha
Russia 1759.
Tartarian
Co.
goll.17S2.t4
1556
tatrica
W.
Siberia
1789.
Uralian
1557
uralnsis W.K.
W.
W1.&
3,1.2.
Hungary
smooth
I558bevlgata
W. et KitKitt
13
Hungary 13115.
1801.
cretcea
cornicultaBieb. horned
Caucasus
1818.
chalky
\1559
Aleppo
1822.
915 Vaillantii SchoU. Vaillant's
S. Europe 1739. S
downy.headed
51361 pappsa W.
Scabious.
264.
SCABICKSA.
"*
1804 S goce.^tWO
dichtoma
f.. forked
Britain pas. D bug- bot 878
Devil'-bit
5 1562
1563
Succsa
W.
France
1748.Ii. SS
1564
integrifliaFf. W. red-flowered
Britain cor.
Eng. bot 6
field
1565
arvenss
Austria 1808.
1633. Dco
broad-leaved
1566
sylvtica
W.
Hungary
D ^"kA
W et kit t a
1567 longiflia P. .S. long-leived
Germany 180 D
ciliated
1568 cili&ta 8pr.
1537
History,
Use,was
Propagation*
Culture, professor ftt the Jardini du
Roi, and
258. Isiuirda.
AntoineofTristan
Dantl
d'Isnard
a French botanist,
member
ofthe Academy
Sciences,
to which
he communicated
many memoirs upon plants from fczTr*^
ma
An259.obscure
marsh plant
F nn(rusFromelegant
<, ansilvery
oliveleaves
: the and
tree ahaving
abark,
striking
resemblance
to the oliveAlltree.
folia
isFJagnus.
i low tree with
brown
but
of long "duration.
tne ?
t according
to Sweet
andnotHaynes,
cuttings
will
strike
it a.i
i
ommonly
propagated
by
laye
aut- " The
'rh" |""-(wn-house
oil'at a joint in ripened wood, and planted in a sheltered situation earlyy inin autumn."
stove
strike From
in sandtheunder
a bell-glass.
. so. nanledyJ.
260.m.species
Globularia.
flowers
licingbypacked
in globose heads. The species
called Alypum
from
privative,
; used
way oi'antiphrasis,
Dalechamp,
bevausehas
it been
is a aoi g j
purgative.
BauhinandevenXvnv,,
callspain
it Frutex
tcrribilis
; but C1u:us according
says, it wasto usetl
by the Spanish
quacks
asthea plant
cure for
venerealby diseases.
It is Cuttings
however ofdoubtful
whether
the Alyponspecies,
of the taken
old botanists
is thethey w
so
culled
the
modems.
the
shrubby
green-house
offbelore
make
new ehoot4,
rootbefreely
in loamfrom
and peat
a bell-glass,
and inMiller
moderate
heata shady
I ne narsn - ,.
herbaceous
kinds may
propagated
seeds,under
or divided
like daisies.
says,bottom
theyprefer
and261.a moist
loamy
soil
;
but
Sweet
recommends
a
light
sandy
soil.
The
leaves
of
most
of
the
species
' ,
Houstonia. Named after Dr. Wm. Houston, the friend and correspondent of Miller: he diedrtrymi(.>*
The plants are small, elegant in their habits, and very fit for pots or rockuork.'
0rL
91
[
lanceolate it weh end silvery, Flowers solitary nodding
Lid
obloneacute
.l Lnsoblongovateopaque
Learnonte
liHLetraovate acuminate wary
USSua
ihrubby,
Leave*
lanceolate
linear
entire,
axillary subecseile solitary
IiiSem
hrtbj,
Leave*
Lanceolate
3-toothed
and Flowers
entire.
Heads
?
Stem
herbaceous,
Radical
leaves about
&t<x>thed
much
longer terminal
than the stalk, Cauiine
Radical
leave*crenate
acuminate,
Cauiine
entire
mucronato
]Radical
leavea
edge-ihaped
retute
toothed
at
end
the
intermediate
tooth very small
Stem Diked, Leaves entire lanceolate
Ibil 1er.*radical ovate. Stem compound, First peduncle* S-flowered
1*1**ovate lanceolate, Corymbs terminal
IHiCartaabmiete.
Head cylindrical.
recurved. weak
Leaveslonger
connate entire
subooriaceous
144
Cormobsolete,
Headcylind.
BractesBracte
straight,
head,usually
Lvs.conn.
entirejaggea
or
h
Leaveofinvolucrelinear-lanceolate
rigid
aboutInvol.
asweak
longdeflcxed
as the head,than
Leaves
sinuately
r+iCorona
membranaceous.
Head
ovate,
Involucre
Va;
Leave* oUong serrate
villous stalked
sublobato,
Cauiine
connate,
Hcadi
globular villous
: i- obsolete,
Headglobose.
Involucre
deflexed
not quite
so long
as bracte
Corollas
\-tirf.
Cowithnearly
eq. awned
teeth,
Anth. strip, with
green
timeofopen Br. acum
radiant
Corolla
equal,
CaL irobr.
Radical
leavespinnated,
Lcafl.oblong
lane,atserrated
cuttoothedciliaL
Caul.pub.
tem.Cornl.
and aim.
lila,
lilLn- CoroUa
+.fid unequal,
Scales
ofcalyx
obtuse. Leaves
Leaves
scabrous
VCorolla*equal.
Scale*
ofcalyx
oblong
obtuse,
linear
smooth
entire
trid
and
at
base
pinnatifld
with
S
equal
ihort
teeth,
Bractes
awned,
Awns
purplish
black
(omniwithXteethofwhich
i areawned and
the pinnatid
other 4very short, Br. awned, Awns rufous, CoroL equal
BCstaB.
sBtLequaL, Scalesnearlyofcalyx
leaves
IvnloronawithBawncd
equal ovate,
teeth, Anth
str. with green at time of op. Br. acum pub. CoroLradiant
iw
' li,Q,>
Palea; obtuse
arid reflexed
li<
wuh *J> Radical
obsoleteleaves
teeth, simple,
BractesCauiine
awnlessdecurrent
yelluwish pinnated,
white the outer
the innerat end
acuminate
aTthofthe
corona
distorted
#,
radiant,
Calyx
imbricated,
leaves
coriaceous
smooth
lanceolate
entire
:
the
uppersmooth
lyrate
WCoroU. equal, Calyx and patee awned. Stem simple smoothish, Leaves lanceolate almost
,._m CoroU.
. unequal. Stem erect, Leaves
Corollaspinnatifid.
h-cleft, Seed* bearded and feathery pappose
iw
j equal. Stem dichotomyus, Leaves
Corollas4V4
1iorou.
nearly
oblong
entire aubeesiile radical
L-utor equal, scm iimplc, Branches approximated. Leavescauiine
lane ovatepubescent,
Caul lin.toothed
nearlystalked
entire
ZrtSîl
. a undivided, Radical and
ovatecut.serrated,
Cauiine lanceolate
iÛroii
radiant,
Leavesentirepinnatifid
Stem
hispid
-, .1 radiant, Leaves all undivided ovate oblong serrated. Stem hispid
^
Stem*1
lanceolt*
belowleaves
smoothstalked
aboveentire
piloaeauric, or pirm. Calyx ciL
voroa wo-radiant,
and leaves
ovateentire,
hispid Stem
the lower
1566
from Um* ... "tHbedbm** Particulars.

^ nested, Fnrti, 5 "- Ba*Bs ofthe *~
*
nd the ETQ Axed roum
-*
f ?*mtk, * > head,
a quantitycosmetic
of limpidChardon
water,
"*j*ivwa onin asthea west
of Enrtand for
. , . ,h0 owc ,> ij( miih;

4 me ,0 ,he [ml ot to,, of lh Mpmiuil root
92
TETIIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Class IV.
t53
Hungary 1802. DD p.l WA-.hun.
il.au Li
hoary
ii oror 11 jl.au
15fi9
canscem
P.W.S. cut-leaved
LB
S.Britain
Europe dr.1597.pa. S Ger.herti.582.C2
157*1
gramntia
Eng.
lxrt.
1:111
Pu
1 jl.au W Barbary 1804. S Sco.dLins.3.tl4
51571
columbaria
W. fine-leaved
great-flowered 5 oror 32 jn.s
!S1572
grandiflora
P.S.
Dauphiny 1783.
1800. DS Jac. vind. I. tU
shining
1 or 1 jn.s
1573
lcida
P.S.
au Pk Sicily
1574soula
W. P. S. Hue-leaved or 1 jn.au
Bocc.
sic. t. 52
DD
Sicily
1804.
91575
nitflia
Mor.h.6L15.f.29
Pu Mnt,
Italy Ida 1683.
2 jl
1576
maritima
W.. R. sea
1>D Bot. reg. 717
1818.
>i oror &* W
Webb's
51577
Webbina
Pyrenees 1818. S Ou. hist.2.p.I.ie
51578 holosericea Bert silky
Spain 1596.
1 jl.au
starry
51579 stellu
W.W,
parad.L125
16H3. S Her.
jl.au YBr Egypt 1629,
prolific
S1530
prolifra
Bot
mag.
247
3t or jn.o W Levant 17U SD
i w. sweet
1581
atropurprea
Ann.mus.II.tS
silvery
1583
1582 uxceolta
argntea W.P. jagged
IH'4. SS .1 Moris.6.Ll3.C24
jl.au VW Barbary
Herrn, par. t219
Africa
*L_J
African
51584 africana
W.$S.
Azores 1690.
l/i9. D
or jii.:tu
Masson's
51585
ntteiis
R.lucida
K.Cretan
Scab-sa
H.
Mor.ri.3.U5.f.31
1596. SD .1
1I jn.o
Pu Crete 16N.
I1586
crtica
W. W. grass-leaved a-ijor
.1 Bot.
i5
1587
graminifTia
Bot, reg.
mag.835886
1 jnjl.au Switzerl.
Caucasus 1803; DS .1
or
Caucasian
1588
caucsea
.
M.
s.l
_
11 jl.au
Pu
Turkey
179ft
S iCDl
or
lyrate-leaved
1589
lyrta
W.
Palestine 1771. SS s.1e.l Jac
ofor 1 jl.au
1590 paWvtina 1.
Palestine
Gmcl.vind.
sib.2.L 1L8898
jl.au CiWr Siberia
1801.
5 )
Siberian
1591
isctcnsis
1.
s.1
Gmel.
sib.2.
t3
L.Y Ukraine 179>.
or 1
1593
utrinica IF.IK Ukraine
i or 1 jl.au Y Germany 1597. D s.1 Jacaust5. t.4:S
ale-flowered
1593
lungarian 5 S jl.au Pk Hungary 1800. D W.&Kitl0.tll
1594 ochrolcca
bantica P. S.
Dipscea!. Sp. 26.
K\.\i .
S65.
or 1 jn.s R Levant 171". S Schk.han-l.t22
1595KNAUTIA.
orientlis IF. W. red-flowered
1596 propntica If. purple-flwer'd 5t ) or 2 jn.au Pu Levant 1768. S Till pis,153.1.48
. Sp.S.26160.
Bed-stkaw.
86.
Euroiw m.me.
1775. DI) m.s Buxb.cent2.t29
Madder-leaved
1597GA'LIUM.
rubioides W.II'.W. marsh
Eng.
bot
1857
S.England
Europe
21 )1jl.au
1598palBtre
Eng.aust
bot 2208
hea. I)D s.p
1599 austrlacum
witheringii W.. rough
Jac.
t 80
Europe
1804.
11i ftjl
jn.jl
Austrian
1600
D
Boc.m.l4r).tl01
Euroi
Boccone's
1601 Boccni ir.
Eng. bot 2067
Britain m.1801.
pas. D13 m.s
Ii1 niy.jn
jn-jl
upright
1602
erctum
England
moun.
jl.au
least
1603
pusil'.um
w.
D s.1m.s Eng.
Eng. bot
bot 74660
Britain
Cheese-rennet 3J:, . _ ww 2Ii jl.au
1604
vrum
W.W.
bot
1673
Britain bu.
hedg.pl. )D Eng.
great-hedge
l.au
1605
MoUgo
Hor.dan.t609
S,S. Europe
1658.
3Ii Lau
1606
sylvticum
W,
wood
D
Borrel,
ic
583
Europe
1778.
1759.
n.jl
Flax-leaved
1607 lmifliumIF.IV.
1 n.jl
1608rgdum
rigid
D Boc.mus.83.t75
Italy
1699.
I1 J"jl
awnad
1609
aristtum
W.
Tyrol
1801. DD
Tyrolese
1610
tyrolnse
Jac. aust. 1. 1 81
S. Europe 1710.
21 ln.jl
.8
1611
glacum
W,IV.W.en. glaucous
DD Ger.hcrb.967.t3
SwitzerL
1731.
purple
1612
purpreum
Italy
1597.
1
jll.jl
1
rbrum
W.
red
S Eng.
bot 1871
Britain
cor.
n.jl
1614sprium
19,2
Britain
mar.fl. DD m.s
ililjl.au
jl.au
1615
uliginsumE.B.
If. spurious
marsh
s.l Eng.
Eng. bot
bot 384
England Wales.
1616nglicum
E.B.
wall
Britain
hea.
Dip
Eng.
bot
815
i ap.s W
smooth-heath
1617eaxatile
three-homed ^ O ww ijn.jl W Britain hea. S Eng. bot 1641
18
tricme W.Svi.
History, Use,
Culture.themselves. Why it should rot off is
dying
off, in but
consequence
which horizontal
rootsPropagation,
naturally
not
known,
is Trifolium,
vulgarlyofaccounted
lorotherby plante
ascribing
it subfusitorm
to aprotrude
bite from
The same
found
in
Plantago,
anil
some
with
roots.the deviL
A decoction
of S, appearance
succisa is anis
empirical
specific
lor
the
gonorrhoea.
. atropurprea
is the itshandsomest
species, and
is cultivated
a horder
annual
and biennial
It hasofbeen
long
in cultivation
nativeof country
unknown.
Linna?us
and Miller
consider
it as a native
Indiasoi
ProfessorMartyn Soofthat
the south
Europe.inishonor
fi:i.Knautianamed
by
Limucus
of
Christopher
Knaut,
physician
at
Halle
in
Saxony
: bonito
mrecommend
16A ; diedit.in 1694. Another Knaut (Christian) published a system of plant* in 1706, which has nothing
266. natural
Galium. Derived
, milk
: because
for thelikepurpose
ofcolors
curdingthemilk.
This
amala
very
the from
root*
sortsarcdyeone
red,sortandis used
the herb,
madder,
of angcis
that feed ongenua
it ; The
sternaofofmost
all theof the
species
four-cornered,
and the
leaves
in whorls
; thebones
flowers
93
Ii* Hour,Corel],iftort,radiant,
orate lanceolate entire,
pinnatifid
CaulineSteiIi esOvate
bipiuiiatc
, . CaulinbjlHIiruc.oii
Corail. Munt,
Ridiral
lyratcfiliform
pubescent
cremte,: CndjM
eous ^reading
MUa lUdiral
Radical leave*
learn oblongorcreated,
faul. p.nnatitW
the pinnate
linearMtU
lanceo
HICM
wS2 Lara imooth,
lladiial ovate
oblong
errateor
Caul, pinnate
: ti e segm. bo. tut
StCsnl
lyrate
pinoutnid
liairy. lyrate,
Stem branGlied
divaricating
."lTCifttnoiktitiorterthancaly-Jt,
I-.,. - tatulshwierthan
the uppercalyx,
linear,Leave*
Calyces
I-leaved
5-eleft
Uaves pmnatwl tlie upper
entire uniform longer than
.. invoi.
. .
itj. luitrlu
Lilkei
upperlinear
pinnaL
1"'l~ tioaj
very sort,Lvi-rut,
Radical rmimbli
leaves
obLorcunaterugi*ceren
cren.ted
upper caul,
pinnatifid
withFlorets
ovate mcmbr.n.
or lane iTOiiated
segm.
USCeoUrawiiit,
Rcccpt.
offruit
roundish,
Uuter
limb
of
calyx
broad
Mem
Uaiu-flea
imtdLndiant,
Howencut,ubeeswle,
Stemofdiclwtomous,
I-eaves oblong htnceoUte nearly entire t
111tenO.
radiant.
Lera
Receptacles
thelinear,
flowerPeduncles
subulate
,
radiant,
Uvapinnatiiid,
Seinenti
verywith
long,linear
Stemstirlrounded
WCilri
urccolate,
t'oroll.I.eaves
radiant,
pinnatitid
pinn
l& loroU.inulbd
equ.:l, Stem
shrubby,
simplel-eaves
erect fleshy
IKCwoa
radiant,
Leaves
undivided
elliptical
serrated
shining stalked
IKCorcH radiant,
Leaveslanceolatenearly
entire, Stem
Stem herliace*
shrubby
BCeUl
radiant, Radical
leave* linear
lanceolate
entire.
,
radiant.
leaves
lanceolate
talked
entire,
taulii__
rpinnated,
, Stempinnatifid
1-flowered
.-uubhwat base
.
1-flowcred
ineserrated
jCMt
radiant.
Segments
entire, trifid.
LowerLeaves
leaves undivided
oblong coarsely
lKorolL
radiant,
ill the.menoi
subserratc
the Upper
upper
pinnatifid
at base
mtorcll.
foru. rjdiant,
radiant longer
than
calyx,
l*aves
bip.uate
longer
than
stem
ILidical leaves
pinnatifid,
faulinc
linear
fringed
at basepinnate with
JitCwU.
radiant,
Kadkal
leaves
b.p.nnatc
with
linear
leaflets,
fauline
Iwlorsll. radiant. Radical leaves Ijrate, Cauline lub-bipirmate. Calyxes as long as d
BS1rut, Cor. : longerentire,
than calyx
mLppelanceolate
Cor. 10 as long as calyx
<-h j*"
,inelanceolateS-nerved
beneathdifluse
scabrous.
Fruit imooth.
Stem erect simple
* utw,ite unequal obtuse, Stems
W"
reflexed
lanceolate
awncd
ciliated,
Stem
erect
simple scabrous
j Lalinearmmuh murrotiate, Stems 4-comcred diffbse
roughish,
Redundes Panicles
trichot Stems
prostrateStems
diffbsesmoothish
4 angularflaccid
winged
'l4Stfe11"*
- ,u-.it>m,s f1^'1
L acdate
prickly
serrate
forwards,
trichotomous,
winged branched
lanceolate linearitemacuminate
subimbricatc,
Feduncleeflexible,
twice dichotomous
^ < ne.-s |furrowedwith
smooth
to
the
touch,
Branches
the
How.-hearing
short
elliptical lanceolate obtuse mucronate at the edge rough horizontally spreading, Stemones
flaccid
SmmIi"00^
"brous
beneath,
Floral
in
pairs,
Panicleterm.
Fed.
capill
Stem
rounded
smooth
5IZZi EES8""*
vct? smooth, Panicle
Pc.liincles panicled capillarv,
rounded
S
, *"hrous,
Stemawneci,
erectStem
rounded
pilose roughish
. U mi> i SLM-hii-Ma.^tl!
murnm.Tte, 1' ,meledivaricating,
eaj.illarv, Petals
Mem 4-comorcd
weak
Wl Lam Vf' L,nc-nmucr- ""^ a '8<N Peduncles iflow. Petals awned, Stem +.cornered smooth
1,
i
,
(",11*
dichotomous
flower.liearing
from
the
top
of
the
stem
which
U smooth
X"]A,Z u , mejr Mtaceous Peduncles capillarv longer than the leaves
KK U
,
^reading,
Peduncles
very
short
LMfi' E edcd rouKh aculeate backwards joinU simple
Uta hr.
I 1>*
lcrT"U'thin,
barkwanta
Cor. hrger
thanbifid,
fruit Fruit granular
'ITlanceolate
mu- ronatc
edges andmucronato
the stem stiff.
scabrous,
Peduncles
111
.
L
Fruit
rtmgh
or
hispid.
IB LtsZgblr^J?
""Kh backwards.
at edge, Panices
close,axillary
Stem weak
short granular
smooth nodding
oiaac atedge and*stemPmtaculeate
Peduncles
3-fl. Fruit
11614
1616 i
from ~Jthetoverbstrewto
r. Boiled
U h! , * "I ! Unie ;
i rUuTii, "iruugli. Dimcorul
Class IV.
TETBANDKIA MONOGYN1A.
4
W>
Britain
motn. SD Eng.
retS
borcte
cross-leaved
w ; jlinv.au w
Eng. bot
bou 816
Britain
W
liHU
Apirlne W.IKIV.
Cleavers
N. Amer. hedg.
I77 1> Alp.cx.l67.Ll66
W
H21 pdsum
hairy
1 O ww i inil
Canda
ITiM.
i)
Iff-JS -4-um *.
Candan
cu 1 I'"
M 1 DIU: 11. -* ag .V Sp.S.R17.
87.
KU'BIA.
W.IK
ill. Lfi0.f.l
Europa bu.pl.
1 I)1) B.In> Lam.
dyer'
1623
tinrtrum
fjig.grnc.
1 L851142
Knglaud
-* w s ji
wild
M24 peregrina IK
Fl.
Majorca
I7i2.
Lp
liinng
1625
lcida
IK.
Jac.
ic. L L60.t8
L
Canaries
1771. ]U
prirkly-leaved
<
1626
(htttCM If.
LauLilL
Minorca 177.
YW Siltera
Harrow-leaved -- 11 II ww 4. jl.au
1097 nngustil'lia
178J. D Lp
]i.l Pall. iL 3.L,f.l
1628
coniiilia W. heart-leaved -* CU 1)1
IJ woods s.l Eng. bot. 755
WnullMIK. nr ? mv.jn W Sp.Britain
268,
ASPE'RULA. i sweet-scented
lSodocfU
1.1. t.H.f.2
15!.
, ijujl
Pu Europe
I6JO arvnsis IK.IV.
Pyraicet
IHl". SDl)
1631
hlrta
ft Dftf,
&
Portugal
iKIft
my.jn
W
1632
hirsuta
MortuP.LSl.Ll
17.H
W Italy
1633 taurina
1775. I>DI) -ls.1
j innikjn w
163*
cnutfllaIV. K
s.Levant
Europe
1635
arisltu
1 ta.II \\PI Italy
ltiti
l.k.IK.
ic. L7: ti
Kurope IS'-.
17<H. 1)I) s.ls.l Tal),
narrow-leaTod i>r I% njl
1H7 scuru
tinrtria
Eng. bot. 3J
FPI EiiKl-iml
1639
cynnchica
5 I"I>r fjn
161 supina
/-''. /'. IK. small
supine
Caucasus ch.1821,ML 1)I)
Arcadia IKlf. I) But mag. 21+6
* |TI,r i iny
1640 arcaditisi*
Arcadian
in v S. Europe 1775, 1) s.< Mor.his. LfiUM
1641
1 i i,.:.ir i IK */. dlining
1642 montana IV. en. mountain fc l'r 1 jn.jl I* Hungary 1801, D
2.
fif.
SHEHAH'DIA.
PlKUWHAMMM. w iKuhtncetP.
cor. fi. S Eng. l>ot 891
ai.i.e Sp.Britain
1643
arvc-nsis KIK IV. little
O w i jn.au Y Italy 1805. S AHion. L. 77. f. 1
1644 murlis
wall
Sp.W.13f>.
. SPEKMACO'CE W. Bitto\-wked.
.
band.I.L22
Indies 1732. S Sch.
16*5
tcuulor W.IK
lender
<*w 2 jn.au
AublcL
t. Ift f.I
Guiana
jl
broad-leaved
)f 0
ldMihitif'ia
mag. 1558.4
W. Indies 1803.
17fiU SS 8.1s.l Bot.
Cross-wort
C3
w
1
jl.au
MM7
strigsa
.
M.
AublcLl.L'-t)
s.1
Guiana
1803.
_
rooting
)f
2D
w
til
1648
radicara
IV.
I)ii.el.t.277.f.3Î S
Africa
SS 6.1
whorl-flowered tf. I1 w 2 jn.au
$164!! vertieillta W. bristly
Indies 1732.
17S1.
s.s.1 Mur.co.gol.:>.L2j6
1|1 jn.au
au.s
1650
hspida,'fff/.
W,
1804.
S
1651 rubra
red
P
w
F. Indies 1820. S s.1
upright
KL ww i jn-jl
|165fi
stricte l.k.
Manilla ism
181 S s.1
long-styled
1653 styl&sa
dogwooddcav'd
[TJ] w 11 my.jn
my.jn
1654
cornifUa
F/scA.
BraiU 121. sS s.19.1
IRjfi
Fischri
7Jt.
Fischer*!
[
w
Jamaica
1
my.jn
1824. 8.1 Jacechn. L3S2
1656
Jic?. kuflhitico&e
1657 sullruticsa
mucron&ta Nieva.
mucronatc .j
(SJ ww 2i jn.au
jn.jl
Jamaica 1822. D s.1
271.IflnHCKUCIANEL'LA.
W. Crokh-wort. O cu Rubfocot. Sp. 91a
France
1659 angustitolia
latfolia W. F. narrow-leaved
broad-leaved O cu jn.jl
jn-jl YG France
1627
History, juice
Use, PropOgm/,
Culture,
an
ingredient
in
spring-broth.
The
MpreMed
ofthe
herb,efficacious
taken
to intheremoving
amount offour
orcntanwius
a ounrter
of a pintwhich
nightareandcalled,
morning,
during
several weeks,
is very
many ofounces
those
eruptions,
though
Improperly,
scorbutic.
The
seciU
have
been
substituted
for
codec.
roots,
those of most
the penes, inwillyoung
dye red
; and,buteaten
tingeis easily
their bones
of that color. TM
It is
a very like
troublesome
weed,ofparticularly
hedges,
beingbyanbirds,
annual
eradicated
G. tuberosum
is cultivated
in ChinaItforhasthenotroots,
whichintroduced.
are eaten boiled, either whole or in meal, and 1reiro
says, are esteemed
salubrious.
yet been
. )f
Hiibii.caseFrom
red.and H.prickles.
ttnetorumItsliasrootanisannual
stalk,of which
trails or climbs,
itself,
tn 267.
theanlatter
by iUruber,
leaves
composed
long
succulentsMppnrting
shoots
half
inch
in diameter,
striking
deepandintoscarlet
the ground,
and
growing
tomanv
the callico-priiitcrs,
lengththick
of threeor
fouremployed
feet, nearly
mm
them
is
procured
a
well-known
red
dvc
used
bv
clothiers
and
and
to a
great
extent, though
chiefly
from
foreignderangement
roots. England
was was
formerly
supplied
withitsthis
articleinduced
exclusively
from
Holland,
and
as
in
times
of
political
the
price
greatly
increased,
deamcss
some
patriotic
individuals,
who had
on foot
Society ofseparately,
Arts, to attempt
in England
Miller
greatas observed
attention
therecently
subjectsethiabout
1758,thepublishing
as well details
asitsinculture
hisseveral
Dictionary,
Dutch ofpaid
practice
bvto him
while
Holland.
A. 1765,
Young,
in histhatM Annals,"
trials
; the
the
result
which,
and
especially
those
of
J.
Arbutlumt
in
prives,
it
could
lie
grown
here
to
as
great
perfection
as
In
Holland,
but
not
sOHl
at
so
low
a
price.
Its
culture
was
not
therefore
encouraged,
and
arc
now supi-hed
from Holland,
France,order
Italy,ofandBubiacca\
Turkey, madder
and the tinges
cochineal
isa very
generally
usemilk,
aswea
substitute.
lake others
ofanimals
the natural
with
florid
redreceives
colorin the
urine,
and
bones
of
the
that
feed
on
the
plant
The
hardest
part
of
the
bonos
the
color
first, wbicn gradually extends through the whole substance ; but if the plant be alternately given and inter
I
Onu 1
TETRANDRIA M0N0GYN1A.
1 Hatrj
Levulearn
I subovate
hairywoody .
Ititi
aboutpilose
6 linearncrvelcs,
lanceolate,Fru.tStems
HLea.6lanceolate
smooth
above:
their
edge
and keel
scabrous,
Stem scabrous
herbarenus aculeate
Iffis Law*4perennial lanceolate above shining
smooth
theirbeneath
edge and
rib beneath
lii5l*pfreiimal(ielli|)ticalhinna,
Stem
smooth
liLtuaperennial
ell.pticalabovescabrous
at the edge and keel very prickly, Stem rough shrubby
Wi
brave*pfmnul
Lens*petomial linear
* cordate oblong stalked S-nerved above and at the edge* scabrous;
WS
Lents leave*
S lanceolate.
stalked,terminal
Seeds echinate
ljLore
*obovate,Corymbs
ujiper terminal
5-iUi, Flowers
sessile aggregated,sessile
Involucres
ciliatedmvolucrum
V3\
Lean*bairyacute6longer
longer than
;.!...-'.
r jrute i unitthan
tt 1 thejoint,
the lowerHowcrs
hirsute,terminal
Flowersaggregate
aggregate terminal
1*3
Leaves4
urate
lanceolate
inerveU,
Howcrs
fascicled
terminal
KH
Lmtm ; together
oblong
the lateral
revoluto
obtuse pubescent
HiLeanshneax
Ucshy
: the :lower
4,elli|>tical
Howcrs
3 awned
IStaulineleaves
*
linearthe
lower
the
upper
pairs all roughStem
awncd.flaccid.
Cor. rough
L37
Leave*linear
lower i .inerved,
thevery
middle4,
theininupper
Cor. smooth S-fid
\SH
Lore leaves 4thelanceolate
upper linear
unequal
pairs,atopi>osite,
Stemprocumbent,
erect. Fruit
smooth
lit'Leaves4linear
the
lower
imbricate,
Stem
mur.h
branched
base
Flowers tubcrcled
fctid
Ml
Hupid,
[6oblong-OTite
acute
resolute
at
edge,
Stems
decumbent
1
Leares
4elliptical
obsolete!)nerved
smooth
glabrous
at
edge.
Fruit
scabrous
16ti Learts linear the lower 6\ middle 4, upper opposite, Stem flaccid, Cor. 4-rld scabrous outside
141Lire
leaveHandfloral4, Flowers
Stem and simple,
branchesFlowers
scabrous.two,Involucres
HLestes6linear:
in pairs terminal.
opposite. Branches
F'niit his-- naked
<ispid subsesaile
f. Leaman brsctraol!! , ,
* Mowere whor ed Mated
||>.1..,
. Lavo t Imrmhli Flow
*' **
tack
*"S*JJ^,"^ fo|lnd to
T_t*JlS>2? UM, n i "ffi
cp
hirrlploughing,

ihcy
them
*\
in mill,
1 vigii .un! I.ombardy
" from "", to choak, it beinir
acorruptinn
or the wordAllstood!
rowdies (.1 serres."
the
reesinamoijitsoil.
. odonta
^^ble,^fumetodon,
itaunng
an
acid
principe,
wiih
'<i biliary .lucts. The roots of
Class IV.
96
SS
tu t! Y Egypt 1800.
Egyptian
iI jn.ji
WO
17BB.
spreading
I jl.au YPu S?ain
eslptula
\V. W.
Canda
1798.
S Lp
pubescent
lfiiK pulicscens
W.
Levant
1805.
Y
1 i jl-au
ciliated
ltt! cilita
W. W.
164U
S Lp
jl.au YY France
-Lj
1694
maritima
eea
Lu
France
1791i
jl.au
1685
Caucasus 1800. D Bux.cn-2.t30.Cl
lfifti monspeUaca
molluginoldeeW.W.en. Montpeher
Mollugo-like 1 jl.au G Sp.
522.
TA CALLICAR'PA. W. . J or fi Vcrbenace.
8.p Cat car. 2. t 47
Amer. 1724.
R N.
American or 5 jn.jl... Pu
8.p Bot. mag. 2107
17 americna If. hoary
E.E. Indice
1799.
1668
cna
If.
Indies
1784.
4
jn.jl
Pu
woolly
0r
niT"
80S
. Vah.symb.at.53
169
lanata
W.
6
...
Pk
long-leaved
*
or
1670 macropbfll
* or 2 jn.jl Jamaica 1794. Lp
1671
ferruginea W.w- rusty
Soiaacea:Y Sp.V112.
WlTHKHINCIA.
Aranr. 1742. D Lp L'Hcr.ser.S3. tl
273. WITHERIN'GIA W.
yellow,flower'd 23 1 "niy.
1672 solancea If.
Verbenacets.
.piula.
,.1 Jac ob*. 2. t 27
274.
.OI'PHILA,
W.
fin
W W.
*
1673 martinicnsis IF. Martinique
W. Indies
Indies 178a
1800. S Lp Bot. rep. 578. f. 1
ftid
oror 22 jn.jl
1674f'lida
W.
W.
Indies
lStl4.
diffuse
or jLau YY W. Indiea 1804. Lp Bot rep. 578. t
1675
11176 ditfisa
obovStaAndr.
Andr. oval-leaved * or 2 jlau
Sp. 110.
275. CEFHALANTHUS. If. Brrrox-woo.
7 Rubiacta.
au W N. Amer. 173;. S Suhm. . t45
1677 occidentals If. American
ScTopkuiariiuv.
Sp. 1.
276.
Scoparia.
1678SCOPA'RIA.
dfilcie If. W. iweet
ES eu 3 jn.e W Jamaica 1730. S s.l Herrn, par. t241
Primulacea. Sp. 14.
hntfiSl
277. CENTUN'CULUS. W. Bastard-pimpernel.
O cu I jiijl F Britain not h. S p.l bng. doc
least
1679 mtnimue W.
Sp. 42115.
Plantaginc. Britain
Plantai.
278. PLANTA'GO. W. greater
Engbot. 1558
1680 major W.
&Siberia
Europeme.1787.
1793.pa. DDI> s.lg.1 Je.co.sup34.t.lS
thick^leaved
GmeLelb.4.t-S7?
1681
crispa
Jaco.
broad-leaved
1688
asitica W.W.
ic.bot1. 1155926
Sitara
1763.pa. I>D Jac.
hollow-leaved
1(183 maxima
Eng.
Britain
me.
hoary
Mor.h.3.
t.I5.f.8
1684
mdia
W.
N.
Amer.
1688.
S
Virginian
Obs. 4. t 83
1685
virgnica
IF.
Italy me.1774.pa. SS Jac1686
aliissima
W.If. Uli
Eng. bot 507
Britain
Rih-grass
1687
lanceolta
CG.
H. 1683.
1788. S S W.ph.4.tS20.f.2
V l!| Fl
i 1 I w"
Cape
16S8 capensis W.
Spain
round-headed
1689
LagpusLk.W.
Chili
1819.
SD
swelling
1690
tmida
Mexico
1820.
Mexican
1691 mexicana Lk.
Kamtsch.
1819.
DS S PLw.hn-l.t39
Kamtchatka
1692
.
Hungary
1802.
1693 kamtchtica
tenutflra IV.Lk.
$K. slender-flowcr,
Siberia
1804.
DD Bar. ic.llP.t745
rasey
1694
slsa
PaU.
Spain
1781.
oruguese
1695
lusitnica
Ff.
Cav. icic 2.2. t1 -!06
124?
S.Patagonia
Europe 177fi.
woolly
169
albicans
If.
1793. DSS Jac.
Patagonian
Jacsch.3.t.'J^8
1697
patagnica
W.
C.
t.
H.
1801.
hairy
IR98
IF.
Germany 1804 S
villous
1699 birsita
villsa P.
Germany
1809. DD Il Jacvind.2.tl25
Wulfen's
1700
Wulfni
Austria
Alpine
ALpedLl.t85.C3
1701
alpina
If.If.
S.Candia
Europe 1774.
1797.
Bellardi's
1702
Bellrdi
1711. SS
i>.jl
Cretan
1703 crtica If.
History, Use, Propagation. Voiture,

of four
271. CrucianeUa.
A diminutive
cross ; natives
some ofofthetheroots
their ^*WJ"
These
are small herbaceous
plants ofofcrux,
little abeauty,
southhaving
of i ranee,
and raruy in this
country
except in botanic
. pimrte. coot.
,_
272. Ca/ticarpa.
From gardens.beautiful, and -*, fruit Its berries arc of a bright
hai
273.oneWitheringia.
In honorofofourDr.English
W. Withering,
author
a clnssiflcatinn
nf hlllls.n.
I'1'4"'nuw. vielded to
been
of the most popular
botanical the
works,
andofdeservedly
so, although
it nas
others
a more modern
character.
. .K_
274. ofASgiphila.
From *.
tuyat, a goat, and <fi>.oft friend, beloved by goats. In Martinique
the puu i called
Bois
deCephalanthus.
Lafiri.
.in .nca"?-, Th;9
875.
From
^>.
a
head,
and
9,
a
flower
;
because
the
flowers
grow
gwcet
ofis aa
low
evergreen
shrub,
with
large
light
and grouis,
the flowers
in.the
spherical
heads
ahuu1
1
i green
lawne
inleaves,
i..........
. ranks
i of4 Rhrul'b:r.
- i "'J^^vPI4
musket
bullet.
It
has
a
good
eilect
on
lawns
scattered
or
in
front
laye,
soil that under
has some
peat in it Miller,
suits them
best,"timeandthethatart thev
are readily
propapatcii
rw w ôr
Ciliened" cuttings
a hand-glass.
in whose
of striking
cuttings
was not ncany
understood as at present, recommends a moist light soil, and propagating from
Ouu I.
ET1UNDRIA MONOGYNIA.
IKDLeimiRibliMW, Fkwmspiked i-cleft
M
vSi
Lm2rvolu* Heads
Bract linear ^?_
subulate ^. ~*
Ehrt, bm
with obhifc -uucici
Maim,
Leave* 4 2 pubescent,
lio.Leate*4mucronate.
keeled, Bract stalked
ciliatedFlowersW*Ite
loc*ely spiked, 8,1oval covereu
hwuabretluffhitKose,
Flowers spiked Soleil
Gobent,
Uaves
.cute,
ofthe
item
in
4
ovate,
the
breche*
.,
Vu. &, M whorkd 3Une lane, *cao. Fame, offlower* stalked tena, and , s.u..
In^.cum.
ut*,. obtuH,
toothedat
basewedge-shaped
^."îSS"
Lamrounded
Lm*torrthleUed
running
down thepetiole
beneath4^*SKl!BS
hoary
villous, EStSfttKSbwi*1
woolly
atbase
eniiresomewhVttoothletted
MlMMiaK
rmbtcretieul.
hoary
beneath,
Corymb.
axilUry
dichotoraou.
longer
than
petiole
IST! Lenabradlanceolateerrate roughiih beneath, Cyme* terminal and axillary
Itmhairy herbaceous angular, Leave ovate lanceolatepilose, Stalk* 1-flowcred umbeUed axillary
Lestovstelanceolate
acuminate smooth,
Branche
diffuse.
Panic,
terminal
and axillary. Cat amooth
IE*Lewont*
lanceolate beneath
the stalks
hairy,
Peduncles
axillary
aoliUry
Lo.tswit*lanceolate
with a longandonpoint
on both
sides,andPan.
diffuse
axdiary
IfiKLataoborate
acuminatesmooth
bothsmooth
side*, Pan.
axillary
terminal,
Stalk* andandcalyxes
ie*e puu167, Letraoppositetmate oblong oral acuminate
Lesta3together, Flowers stalked
ICSLenaalternateorate, Flowers sessile
1Laonteimoothish
generally
footstScapeScape
rounded,below,
SpikecyL
slender,
Caperemote
many-seeded
W1(Imale
shiningwmewh.it
undulatedshorter
fleshythan
sessile,
compressed
nnlinc
at base
M|a)vnuimootl]
toothed.
Scape angular,
Suik fttiimbricated,
damaClFlowers
UnaotiteuhdenticulateLntrved
pubescent.
Spike
cylindrical
Scape
rounded
JLernmitepubescent
longer thantoothletted.
the footstalk,Spikes
Scapecylindrical
rounded. pubescent.
Spike shortScape
cylindrical,
bateknceourteoTiUpubescent
angularFilara, lac
{lWlinctoUtea-ncrred
toothed
smooth.Spike
Spikeshort
oblong
cylindrical.
Scapeangular,
angularCap*.
Wletakaeealateacurairuteu
both
ran,
ovate
cylind.
Scape
2-seeded
MLejteeluptieal,
Spde
with toothed,
distinct flowers
mLuiHlanceolate
somewhat
SpikeScapes
ovateascending
hairy. Scape
rounded
m
LeimWarbnceolate
toothletted
silky,
with
apprcsscd
hairs,
Caps,
tumid
hamancxolitelinear entire. Hairs scattered, Scape* erect rounded. Spike cylindrical dense
rtrw*k"S
touthedentire
i-nmud
"
' ik"
,J rlvw
^' nearly
ob.hairv,
- Scapw ascend""
"'^|"\1
1'" th*thrAntilles
brooms
are madela ofpotted
the twin
i' ' ^'i .. .th
1""-'"","t'
'" botbed,
oft, ids)TOI
keptplant
H Unis treated
Pw.
^&"^::'n" i'utMactorj exptaMion has been 8iven. Ofthe ipeeies, Psyllium il de1^tfc,Jv"21tt',h[
of itsanlittle
seels,Corom.pus.
btg.ipus,from
from ;.,y, a hato, andfK,
'
**4'wv3!l?5!Mi,,thc
"a bird's
'eh
and t..
E>I,uJ^'f*
tompamito
foot.,im.iL
,
ilpiifjnn dew's-eve, isa ow,
the name
of a
JlSlai,i.'
Plaolin.
if.'"1
lo
a
bir.lv
r
"'maL
('
5?*^4!^
ThU
"
*
ofbule
beauts,
and
.
reat
*^weKLlwi.lte 4 " id to have their'to-"--' ulity. lake a"
-'
, i1,c" *1i,
m ti,.. .-
r%**Kr.iu*'*.hh
" appt.,
^.VWUmarmii)i cowi
H Th" - ^^r'^' fi"a
Cm IV
TETRANDUIA MONOGYNIA
98
G
D Dod.
pempt 108
sea
k:i
0 fell 13
1704
maritima
W.
crass-leaved %A A w ii jn.j
1705
gramnea
P.S.
jn4l
a
Europe
1;>9.
s.i
2
ccurved-leav'di
(3
*
w
1706 recrvala IV.
98.
D
s.
Mor.
n.3.U7.L*
awl-leaved
3l5t AA ww is
Br Barbary D s. CoLecphr.
t259
1707
ubutta
W.
large-rooted
1708 macrorha saw.leaved i A w
G
Eng.bot.89S
1709
Jacvind.2.426
O clt Jap..au GG Britain eeaeh.
1710 Serrina
CornopusIKW. Staroftheearth
** 1ML I S Car. le. !. t 1!5
narrow-leaved " tS !.jLau
1711
LfttngiiJT,
G
S
rough-leaved
Spain
1797.
GG S. Europe 1.W2. S Mor.h.3.t.l7.f.4
1712
;. fr. stem-clasping
1713 Cora*
amplexicaulu
-IIm.jl
W.&KL151
Fleawort
1804. SS Jacicl.tS8
J jLau
my.au
G Hungary
171*
Pallium P.IT.S.
sand
Egypt
1787. S
1715
arenaria
S
au..
leafy-spiked
.
re squarrsa
180*. SS .1 Sch.mar.l.ic.145
Indian
1Jjl.au
jl.au GG Morocco
1717
Indica i\W. S.
M.co.go.1778.1.5
upright
1718
J jl.au
GG S.S. Europe
Europe 1790.
156. S e.l.1 W.pb.4.t837.ta
dwarf
1719 tricta
pimila '.
)
my.au
Mor.h.8.tl7.
1640.
shrubby
Sicily
jn G
1720
3t CD w ScroT&ulorintt.
Barbar
se.
1781 Cinoi
Cira W. W.
o Bot mag. 174
BCDDLEA. ft or 15 myjn Or Nepali 1774.
279. BUD'DLEA.
W. round-headed
182*. Lp Jacschn.LtSS
glolisa
a
or
c/kH.
1760 Jacchn.l.t29
15
Jf
Indian
1723
Ncem'da *.
3 au..
Sage-leaved
172+
salvifTia
au. W C.G.H. 1816. Lp
172j tallgna
W.en. Willow-leaved Jor Gcntianete.
Smitic.fatS.tW
Exacum. Ol r 2 jn.jl Y
280. EX'ACUM. clammy
Auu.
a aa
-1727
172> viecsum
Sm.
Eng. bot
ga.
ma.
S
s.1
spiked
Britain
spictum
VahL
tjnjl
Y
cu
least
1728 tflifrme
Bur.aft.t74.f.5
GinUiawa. n. 14.
281.
or 1 jLau Y t. G. H. 1815. S Bartm.bott.35
172SEBJE'A.
cordita R.ABr.Br. heart-leaved
Gentiane*.
,r.\.
Frasbka. 3t a> or 4 jl.au G Carolina 1795. S
282. KIASE'RA. /. Carolina
1730 carolinneis P. S.
F.pacridear!
S p.l Vent maL 87
Pena.
5>>.214.
. G. H 1787.
)w.
pena:'a.
*l_J
Ujoror 21 jjl
heart-leaved
CG. H. 1787. S p.1 Bot reg. 106
1731
mucronata
W,
jn.jl
scaly
17J2 squamosa W.
St 513.
.p
^'10
Bl,.V.I<l A.
1774.
C. G.G. H.
S8+.
BL^'RIA.
W. heath-leaved
22 Ercete.
aii-
Pu
Lamill.
si_Jor
1795.
H.
1733
cricotdes
my.jn
Pk
l_Jor
jointed
1791.
CG.
H.
-.
17*+
articulta
W.
2
my.jn
Pu
l[
1
purple-flowered l_Jor 1 jn.au

173r> purprea If.
C.
G.
R
1774.
.p
Wend.coL2.t49
Moss-leaved fcj .lor 2 jn.au W C. G. H. 1795.
173fimusc6*a W
ciliated
1737 ciliaris
Chomelia. * ' 12 llubiacece.
S85. CHOME'LIA. W. spiny
... W wTnuie. 1793. p.1 J.c.amer.18.43
1738 spinsa
Sp.1.
Rubiaceie.
1804. Lp Par. i. 1
AUINA.
. ADl'NA. Sal.
or S jl.au W China
1739BOUVAB'DIA.
globiflra Sal. H.K.globe-flowered
-ta BD Par. lonASS

.
Sp.2.
SS7.
Bouvaania.
2 apn S
1740
1741 triphylla
vcrilcolor H..K./(,. three-leaved
vanoiu-coloml 1J
i_J oror 2 JL. R
1716
retpectl Hie 9ower

nalk 7
Ute, Propagation,
anipraclice
of id<3t?MiurlmSLSlS'l'
V"i^ !pe,kCulture,
hi8h ,erm' of il but ,he
*
bread
P. major
is a nativeThe
of mTjil
ZHliS f^,".'1'c,."n'1
v '""1" of^.
nd ' and
owalwaya
eldomby.
or
way.brei
aeedi
wayjidea,
whence
lU name
ofa comway.
mon
application
lo
woundsind
rS.nllci*
fl"cn.
other
imall
bird.,
and
the
lea.
are
of South Carolina for !Tmc fr tK ^ An American negro once received1 a reward from an
Sot.),
plantain . a pKLl
fnLl^0'
ft?5?t
""^Miake ; and
in the receipt,
it i> .aidto by
1*
.
garden,
TehP in!h UT,
"rietic
thi. .pecie.
be Woodville
met
withofinleave,
rich
expandedandlikeinaboun
,K, and
n' "bhfh th,!

flowerofPI"
Ranged i"'o
a tuft
.-V at""""ma
varie,mor
i ..T
.rSTS....'' P,ke-leave.
are,Uimbricate
andmelime.
piramidal,arcely an inch
and
other
lime,
th.n
.
fon
i.
*'
",0"
PlanUlea
anStance armera and Sambut, nlm il ? i"d !hc nl,mbe' of flowc" io "1 'l>ik<! extremely. Uk,
Lo"^,?1 ve.? lûll^^'!î!1,V,S "cmbfnl <" prcingcloael, on Uie ground. The leave
""J '4ned from the .oulh f ?, ""ble, but were formerly uied in .lad! P. I
.i'tuaUo""*"
ioboaa
"t?itnte
lnow"
279. Btddlea."*""In honor
,^'',"
France in2!
a dried
for tothe,hdrueajau bouni.1 a. authoritv for man
ituauon., or agHaa , 53T|
"'ough lu
rather
tender,
nower.narrow,
freely in"'""
, witn e,,
protection ' In"""e
very"hrubKvere*Winten.
leave,
are long,
<Wl
TETHANDEIA MONOGYNIA.
s keeled membranous
Sm
brucbed wflrucw]___.. w-m , Head* leafle
-
raaeahfiDctadibrubby,
II IfraUaaoUteacuminate hoary
crenulate
beneath hoary,
Head*
globose
rtalkedwith flower* threefold
..
>LaraUaceolauibserratc
underneath,
Spike
terminalFlowere
lengthening
17*
Umlanceolatecordate
crenate
rugtebeneath
tomentoee,
pamclcd
ITSLewelinear k**e*J**jestire revolute at edge tomentoee beneath, Corymb* terminal
1736 Hovtnipiked
Lettsobtatnervedstem-clasping,
Brade*
cordatelanceolate,
perfoliateStem
longernearly
than calyx
Dfl
and ternary,
LeavesRadical
ovate
raiAbqreading,whorled
Stem filiform
branched.
leave* roundish,
Cauline simple
subulate
HSftortnS-deft, SepaU cordatestriated membranous keeled, Stem dichotomous. Leave* cordate
naiulirplantfoundin* in North America, and retembtli
Flrnntemiaal, Leave*cordate flethy

acuminate
smooth
lent*rhomboidalwedge-shaped
unooth,
Flower*terminal
865
iLL?,n*hlre>

1
, .*
-Iran .,!. - .
"<* "
k,uof
F.enLch bo^nut, phyieian
Loui.tunie
xv
* Cipote">. in, m ho, ,. . .
B1 fonncr" -.-nden, u Jard _
Class IV.
iOO
lxonA.
988, 1XO'RA. W.
1742 grandiflra B. R.
Rubiaceae. Sp. 11-16.

Or
E Indies 1814.
a D or 4 au
* D or 3 jl
F
E. Indies 1815.
* D or 4 jlau S
China
W.
E. indies 1823.
* CD or 12 jn.jl
1745 barbta Rorb.
E. Indies 1800.
small-flowered a D or 20 au.o W
1746 parviflra W.
F
Bengal
1819.
1747 rsea Wall.
highland
* D or 4 jl
white
* D or 4 jn
W
E indies 1768.
1748 alba W.
Moluccas 1690.
1749 stricta Rorb.
upright
* D or 3 jl.au S
E. Indies
...
charming
* D or 4 au
1750 blnda B. Reg.
S
E. Indies 182.
1751 cuneifolia Roxb.
wedge-shaped a CD or 3 jn.jl
O
E. Indies 1822.
1752 crocta B. R.
orange
* D or 3 aus
Lily-Thorn.
289. CATESBAEA. W.
Rubiaceae. Sp. 2-3.
I. Provid. 1726.
D or 12 mys Y
1753 spinsa W.
...
W.
Jamaica 1810.
small-flowered a CD or 1
1754 parviflra P.S.
PAvetta.
290. PAVETTA. W.
Rubiaceae. Sp. 1-13.
Indian
* D or 4 auo
W.
E. Indies 1791.
1755 indica W.
ERNone A.
291. ERNODEA. Swz.
Rubiaceae. Sp. 1-3.
mountain
2.
or
1756 montna Sm.
* jn.jl
R
Sicily
1820.
292. SIDERODENDRUM. W. IRoN-tRee.
Rubiaceae. Sp. 1
pk "w. Indies 1793.
1757 triflrum W.
three-flowered R D tm 20
Rubiaceae. Sp. 1-5.
293. COCCOCYP"SILUM. W. CoccocypsultiM.
1758 rpens W.
creeping
y: [A] w
* my
Pu
W. Indies 1793.
294, MITCHEL/LA. W. Mitchella.
Rubiaceae. Sp. 1.
creeping
*"
or
+jn
W.
N. Amer. 1761.
1759 rpens W.
f*295. OLDENLAN'DIA. W. INDIAN MAdden.
Rubiaceae. Sp. 2-3.
Common
x [A] w
61760 umbellta W.
*jlau
W.
E. Indies 1792.
$1761 corymbsa W.
Hyssop-leaved
[O] w * jno
W Jamaica 1739.
MANETTIA.
t296. MANETTIA. W.
Rubiaceae. Sp. 1-8.
1762 coccinea W.
pink
* D or 20 myjl Pk
Guiana 1806.
t297. EPIME DIUM. W. BARREN-worn.
Berberider. So. 1,
1763 alpinum W.
Alpine
* A or
* ap.my Bd
England m. thi.
298. PTE/LEA. J.P.
Shaunay-trefoil.
1764 trifolita W.
three-leaved
f
Or 12 jn.jl
G
N. Amer. 1704.
299. MONETIA. W.
Monetia.
Incerta. Sp. 1.
1765 barlerioides W.
G
E. Indies 1758,
four-spined
* D or 3 jl
Bot reg. 154

Bot. reg. 513
sessile-leaved
Bandhooka
scarlet
bearded
1743 Bandhca Rorb.

1744 coccinea W.
300. CURT1/SIA. W.
HAssaday-tREE.
1766 faginea W.
301. HARTOG1.A. W.
1767 capnsis W.
Beech-leaved
Rhed. mal.2. t. 12
Incerta.
in Litm 30
...
|
:
Bot mag. 2505

Vaisy.3 p.11.t-52
Bot reg. 540
Bot mag. 169
Bot, reg. 100
Bot reg.648
Bot reg. 782
Bot mag. 131
SLhis.2. t.207. r1
Bot, reg. 198

F1 grac. t. 143
Jacq.am.t.175.fg
Bro.jam t-6 f 1
Cat. car. 1. t. 20
Roxb. cor. 1. t.3
Eh. pict-2.f.1.t-4
Bot reg. 693
Eng. bot. 438
Schm. ar. 2. t. 76
s.p L'Her st.n.l. t.1
Sp. 1.
Pa
C. G. H.
Terebintaceae / Sp 1.
6 jn.jl
C. G. H.
G
1775.
C s.l
Bur. afr.235. t.82
C. s.l
Lam. ill. t. 76

Paris. B. triphylla is a beautiful, and not very tender lant, which flowers great part of the year, vars has
smooth shining leaves, and flowers of a deeper scarlett the other. B. versicolor requirest e warmest part
of the and the cuttings require bottom heat, with the
same soil as the plants.
288. Irora. A name of doubtful origin. Iswara is the name of an Indian divinity: According to Sweet,
the species of this beautiful genus require to be kept in a moist heat to thrive well; but not plunged in tan,
as that is almost certain to injureth eir roots. A mixture of sandy loam and peat is the best soil for them.
Care must be taken to keep them clean and free from insect s, or they will not thrive. Cuttings root very
freely in sand under a hand-glass.
-
289. Catesbaea.
So named by G ronovius,
in honor of Mark Catesby,
author of the natural history of Caro

lina, &c. who discovered the first species of this genus. It is very ornamental.
C. spinosa has flowers about
six inches long in the form of a Roman trumpet, and succeeded by fruit the size of a pullet's egg; the skin
smooth and
how,
and the
pulp like that of a ripe apple, with an agreeable taste. It does not flower very
freely, but strikes root readily in sand under a bell-glass, and in moist heat
290. Pavetta. The name of the plant in Malabar,
A small genus nearly related to Ixora, with flowers usu
white, as those of Ixora are red.
1. Ernodea. From * *zz, branching, in allusion to the habit of the plant.
292 siderodendrum. "rom ***, iron, and 3:3:e, a tree. Wood, compared for hardness to iron. This
tree may be noticed on account of an anomaly which occurs in the corolla, which is often changed, perhaps by
some insect, into an oblong bag, half an inch in length, fleshy, and hollow within, and ending in a point at top
like a fruit.
Cuttings of ripened wood root in sand under a hand-glass.
293. Coccocypsilum. From ***, fruit, and xvillaz, a vase, its berry being surmounted by a corona resem
all
bling
a little cup. Cuttings root freely in and under a bell-glass.
294, Mitchella.
Named after John MitchThis

ell, an
Englishman,
who travelled
in vi nia, and left some
is one
of those plants
which Humbol
s
papers
pa
upon North American plants behind him.
t(De Distrib. Plant, calls
ORDER I.
101
1742
1743 Shrubby spreading, Lvs. oval stem-clasping, Corymbs crowded, Segm. of cor. ovate obt. Berries crowned
1744 Leaves elliptical acute cordate at base sessile, Umbels terminal aggregate, Segm. of cor. ovate acute
1745 Corol. long bearded at mouth, Lvs. opp. obl. entire smooth shining, Floral lvs. round cord. sess. Pan. open
-1746 Leaves subsessile oblong smooth, Panicles ovate oblong decussated, Pet. oval, Style hairy
1747 Leaves obl. acute with a contr. emarg. base pubesc. beneath subsessile, Corymbs large, Pet cuneate acute
1748 Leaves sessile broad lanceolate, Corymbs decompound dense, Pet. obovate reflexed
749 Shrubby straight, Lvs. subsess obl. Corymbs dense, Pet round spreading, Anthers round bristle-pointed
1750 Leaves ovate-lanceolate, Cyme trichotomous contracted
1751 Leaves wedge-shaped lanceolate acuminate, Corymbs terminal, Sepals conical
1752 Leaves coriaceous oval lanc. Cymes decompound close, Petals wedge-shaped obovate, Anthers sessile
1753 Tube of corolla very long, Berries oval
1754 Tube of corolla 4-cornered short, Berries roundish
1755 Leaves smooth entire, Panic fastigiate axillary and terminal, Style twice as long as corol. Stigma entire
1756 Leaves in 4s oblong obtuse smooth, Stem shrubby
1757 The only species.
Branches 4-cornered, Leaves 5-6 inches long elliptic lanceolate
1758 Stem herbaceous creeping, Leaves ovate, Flowers clustered axillary sessile
1759 A little creeping plant with flat round leaves and little scarlet berries
1760 Umbels naked lateral alternate, Leaves linear
1761 Pedunc. many-flowered, Leaves linear lanceolate
1762 Leaves ovate acuminate, Racemes many-flowered, Stem twining shrubby
1764 Leaves on long stalks ternate, Fruit with two wings
1765 A small prickly shrub, Leaves opposite ovate acute entire.
The only species
Leaves ovate oblong acute serrated opposite
1767 Leaves opposite elliptical obtuse emarginate serrated .
>
1762\\
social, being always found in quantities. Barton says, it is the plant most extensively spread in North Ame
rica, covering the surface from the 28th to the 69th degree of north latitude.
295. Oldenlandia. In honor of H. B. Oldenland, a Dutch naturalist, who travelled in Africa, where he died
about the end of the 17th century. O. umbellata, the chay-root, grows on light sandy ground near the sea,
and is much cultivated on the coast of Coromandel for dyeing red, purple, brown, and orange, and to paint
the red figures on chintz. The coloring matter resides in the bark, which gives it out to water. The
Malabar physicians say that the roots cure poisonous bites, colds, and cutaneous disorders, and warm the con
stitution.
296. Manettia. In honor of Xavier Manetti, an Italian, and professor of botany at Florence. Some of the
species are rather pretty, but they are seldom seen in collections.
297. Epimedium. A name of Dioscorides, applied to this little elegant alpine plant, without any assignable
reason.
298. Ptelea. The Greek name of the elm. It is derived from arraa, to fly, in allusion to the winged seed
vessels. A hardy shrub of North America, not unlike a laburnum in foliage, but with small green flowers.
29". Monetia. So named by L'Heritier, in honor of the Chevalier Jean
ptiste Monet dela Marck, a cele
brated French botanist, now dead; who, unfortunately for botany, many years ago diverted his attention from
that science to conchology. Cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass, and in bottom heat.
300. Curtisia. Named in honor of W. Curtis, lecturer on botany, author of the Botanical Magazine and
other works; he died in 1799. This is one of the largest trees of Africa, from which the Hottentots and
Caffres make the shafts of their javelins. It has fine broad leaves, but small flowers, which, however, have not
yet appeared in this country.
-
301. Hartogia. Named after John Hartog, a Dutchman, who travelled in Southern Africa and Ceylon.
The plant called by this name in the gardens is probably only a variety of the common laurel, and nearly
as hardy as it. The flowers grow in axillary racemes like bunches of currants.
H 3
Class IV.
IOS
I
Ammannia. KB 1 Salicois*.
jl.au W **-Jv
W. Indies ...1733., , S s.1 6tajMB.Lt'-**
SOS.
E.Astracn
Indies 1778
1768AMMANTJIA.
latiflia W, m broad-leaved
1
JUu
cluster-flowered
O
w
s
s.1
1821.
Ap
ijLau
L ill t77. .5
1769dbilie
O w 4 jnjl Ap India 1820. S s.1
1770
cupica W.Ledeb. Caspian
berry-bearing
Virginia 1759. S si t mus. 1 10s

1771
bacclfera L.W.
au Pu
branching
O ww J iljl.au
Jamaica
1803.
1772ram6*ior
Ow
1773 sanguinolenta W. bloody
Sp. 318. p.l Bro.ja,146.l5.f.l
Fa.;ara
20 Tereoinlacex.
ans G Jamaica
303.
FAGA'RA.
W.
Kmpfr. t. 893
Lentiscus-leav.
UJ
1774
Ptcrta
W.
ash-leaved
* Indies 1759. Jac.am.21- L 14

1775
Piperita W.W.
prickly-leaved * <*
1776tragdes
I
N.S.W. 1808. s.p Bot. mag 1395
304. ZIE'RIA. Sm.
1777 Smithii Sn*.
Pl.m.27. t3S7.f.S
p.l
305.
CI^SUR
W.W
s.1 Bot. mag. 2488
1778
vitiglnea
1)
1779
antrctica Vent.
1780
Lk.
D s.p Jac.amer.22.t.l5
1781 heterophils
glandulsa Horn.
Forsk. ic 1 2
.1
1782
sicyoidee
W.
1783 quadrangulne W.
DD s.p
Bot. mag. 2443
1784
capensi"
W.
1785 casia
Jacschaiii.l.t-'W
.1
1786
5-folia R.B./.
Slo.ja.l.ll45.f.2
pJ
1787
cida
W.
.
1788
trifoli&ta
W. W.
S.P
1789
pentaphflia
1790 quinta H. X.
Sp.Britam
1114. sc.alp. R sp Eng. bot. 310
Caprifolir.
. COR'NUS. w.
Jap
Pu
Bot
mag. 526
880
Canada
1774. L s.p
1791
eucica
"
jn.au
Pu
Bot mag.
N.
Amer. 1731.
1792 canadensis W.
j ap.my W Austria
1596. L eo Scbm. arb.2. t.63
1793
flrida
W.
15
f.ap
Y
1794 mscula W.
Eng. bot 249
Britain
C.white-berried
IIMI.u..
*J OTor 108 i"jn.s'' W
Siberia woods
1741. LL Sch arb.2. 1 65
1795 sangunea W.
w
Siberia
... {-L 00 Sch. arb. 2. t. 64
1796 lba
W.
w
Russian
*
or
I
"
N.
Amer.
1683.
rot'sica W.
blue-berried
it oror 56 jl.au
au w
arb.2.
N.
1784.
LL Sch.
1797
w
Pensylvanian
Sch.
arb.
S. t69
tt6867
N.N. Amer.
Amer.
1758.
1798 sericea
cirdniU W.
w
upright
ot
10
Jnj
Sch.
arb.2.
Amer.
1758.
L
1799
W. W. paiiicled
4 or 6 jn-jl w
N. Amer. 1750. L Sch. arb. !. t <0
1800 stricte
paniculta
w
altemate-leav'd
or
15
s
1801 altemiflia W1804. p.l
307. SANTALUM. W. SaNDAL-WOOO. f tm 10 Santalcea; Ues
E Indies 1804.
.1 E^îV
KoxD. cor. 1. 1 *
1R09
W. Romo.
s* or 4
1803 album
myrtiffilium
History, Amran".
Use, Propagation,
orSanvTsrv.'tcSr' Hn0n04,hn
native Culture,
ofSiberia, who was a physician and professor
tt-m'!-^ "U""'07 of h" frld Mrofwhom nothing more is known
5.(ra"ml,2k
Cissfs The ,1*
1 thc
""rl"
botanUt."
The species
ishaving
a prettybegreenhou.e
plant
the
lvvu.The
Latin
W
raUlnedresemble
/or
the real
neric charaX None
rfth
"
"h'C.h d mb" like tbc iv- ofT""
4ck greatly
Viti.plant
in ge-its;
quinq,,efl,Uca,ra
in
hf
hT-^?,<y?'?!!5fr-W'!Lthc"ecWton
C.
uefolia,
justly
admired
for
pilily
ôi^'a3
wrir!SSL"2S
f >cl ow'naked
*i "nd
Jn>le
which these
take in autumn.
raruins,incottag
!,fcri *,?
af,,',fi f|- covering
wafts,
decorating
old unsightly
elevationsItofgrow,
bouses,
3S Cornus
From hSm.-ni.î.,
etnu ^h "01
^ ^'"'nought
' cuttinS"
as">
and durable as horn. Its value as
genus
material
for
warhkl
^""i
to
be
hard
are very on ,mtit 'If, "1*"" v "-gd ^Si> Mio cornus. The larger species of this
their
green,blossoms'
Ted uriTJv tal
Sish'ul.
not only
from
,*
Bower
and tarries
of different
colors,
but by
C.blossoms
florida
E?
?
h?vei!""
fl""
>"C. "Inter,
capecially
among
evergreens,
still hard^
eariierandandLvn
biaVT.?
STsSf^
country.
mascula,
tiie Cormier
ofold
author.,
wood i. ver,
T
^V'1w,ch
"ere
formerly
made
into
taris
and
roo
<fr
eornis
: the
0 bielyn says, made into wedges, it will last like iron. C. sangunea, alba, and serieca,
103
naLawMKawluping,
stem
m
square,
Branches
erect
in-Liimunceoiateattenuated
at ba*e,atStem
Flowersclustered,
fascicled axillary,
17
Lemteuile
lanceolate
base,branched.
Flowencolored
axillary
Sepals rigidCap*.acute2-locular
1771
Lwim
somewhat
stalked,attenuated
Cap*,
largerthan
calyx
IT7S
1*4
halfitenwlasping,
Stem
square.
Branches
much
spreading
halftenvclaiping linear lanceolate cordate at base, Pedunc short many-flowered
footstalk marginedJointed unarmed
at base, Common
crenate
margnate,
Common stalk winged jointed prickly beneath
i~ The ma ipwia. It may be known by the atamenabeing inserted Into large glands
2**icordate
roundish
3-5 lobed
angularNerves
rpandglandular
beneath ferruginous
m
Late otate kxaely
errated
smoothish,
at base.lvs.Petioles
branches
m Bfinrherounded
Petioles with
a pubeac.
Lower
simple, and
middle
tern., pubescent
upperqunate
\-l
i mmIeKTnXelubpubesc.
toothed. PediceU
and cal.
hispidline,
glandular
wate
cordate
smooth
thkkish
bristly
serrated,
Serratures
appressed,
Branche)
rounded
cordate
otate
serrated
fleshy,
Stem
Vcornered
winged
m Lava 5 angularserrated,
toothed Branches
beneath ferruginous,
mUnecordate
very giancouaFlowers headed
ri?
r*i1
^nef
narrowed
each
way smooth
acuminate
stalked,
rounded knotted smooth
mi
tS
wedge-shaped
fleshy
at endBranches
entire
rSirZ
W btate
nmed
hairy
toothed.
Branches
withtoothed
membranous
anglesat base
mLeans
qunate,
Leaflets
undivided
ovate
serrated
uitaouuute, Leaflets obovatc wedge-shaped serrated above
1. Flamen umbels with an inenlMcrvm.
s of leaves distinct

orate acule . beneath, Cyme, depreued

teM.th fem.gio. Cyme, depr. %, Nlltt
liasse1
hft tatred
"* *, Particulars.
Int^tttoSl^
"?flnt^tehm'
" "l"*' 10 that oftne
forextracted
hardness, from
and makesberries,
excellent
?5*f*akw
^JrW*r<w_!i'
An oilcom1
may beand
excellent
''"'.niuiijWfflt ih,. ) L'' UrP rtcwere.
hWrt nsstromth,
ko terminatingthebran,
hn triby1 mill
^J^Wd nSESimonZib
6pCC,M m*y * propagated by seeds, layers, suck.' boilhite
jg^Wcnas
*|**1 gunpowder.
and aftpr * mothered
"^^^^00"
It grows combustin,
in the shadeaffords
and dripa charcoal
of otheresteem
trees,
lw5^"Î^Hilhi
^1'"R,rtrip*
ofPlantation*
have become itsberries,
naked below.
.^^&^^?^
â-chrasu,
plantwhich
whichareea
',' ?**5L indk^ ''Vea'\Thisor plant
i.ofgluttony,
ditticuU'tn from
-rrv,- m gardens
a t,t ,
1 S**^ " the iK*t suitable for It or it may 1 pUnted in small poU ofpea
WwiabUrti
!!^n
name
SnduLtyfed
It
is
a
low
tree
in
habits
;
leaves
and
inflore
IlT? Wgbl to th* T ".Pouces the white and yellow sandal wood of the materia m
Srll*0*
**^haV^rtâ ^1
trw*- towards
Butin the
lndiil.
ae inand certain
everybecomes
,
^^Ze^qiibtiiT^lv!r*
Dome colored
centre,
when thedegree
sandalintree
?**1**W!*
*
fraRranceand
hardness ; while
the exterior
partpartofthe
same
?,?"ottrsslmtSr-Bm.
*hite,
and
without
fragrance.
It
is
only
the
yellow
that
JT'"*Oi, sjH_^Z [- According to Wathen ( Voy. to China, 1812, p.116.), it sellsis soin
~ ~.
p. .;, musical
sells so
11 manufactured
as no uwectcan
exist, or iron into
rust (as it is
104
sos.
TRATA,W.w.
1804
1805 ntanf
bicmie W.
309. LUDWI'GIA. W.
1806
1807 altemiflia
hirsuta i*A. W.
Class IV*
TTRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
Hydrochane.
Sp.
2&
W'ATKH-CALTROrS.
jnâu
Europe 90.
781. S3 Bot reg. 88
European
*=* iAJ
O t
... W.r
W China
Chinese
clt
Lam. Ut LL77
Ludwioia.
large-capsuled
* O w 1 {Lau Y N. Amer. 1812. D p.l
hairy
DIGYNIA.
Sp. 510. D par Eng. bot 378 1
Conoolvulaccte..Britain
DODDER.
S10.
CUSCUTA.
W.
W Britain hea.
Eng. bot 55
common
hea. DD par
1808
jl11au. W
China
1803.
par Bot. reg. 603
1809 europea
EpUhymumW. W. lesser
W
Chinese
Chili
18*1.
DD par
1810
chinnsis
ja.d
W
Scotfl.gard.6.
Chili
Nepal
1821.
par
1811
chilnse
S.
M.
ap.o W
1812 verrucosa Svaeet Nepal
Sp. 12. sea CO. S Eng. bot 1313
Caryophyllece.
BtrPONIA.
England
311. BUFCNIA. W. Blender-leaved
in W
1813 tenuifSlia W.
Sp. li
_ ,
Witch-hazel. or 10 Berbertdae.
312. HAMAME'LIS. W. Virginian
n. m W 8. Amer. 1736. L p.l Duh.arb.1.414
1814 virglnica W.
Sp.
36.
9apavcracet.
Schk.han.l.t27
Hvpecoum. -
S.S. Europe
313.
1815HYPE'COUM.
procum'bene K.W. procumbent
France 1596.
16*1. SS Par.thca.372.C2
oror Jijn.jl
Am.rutu.5U.t9
pendulous -* O
1816 pendulum W.
1759.
S
Y
my.jn
erect
1817 erctum W.
314.
MYGIN'DA. T.
1818Urae6ga
1819 Rhacoma W.T.
1820 latiflia W.
315.
T. W.
1821l'LEX.
Aquiflium
heterophUa
cra&sijlia
recrva
i/rox
TETRAGYNIA.
i Rhamni.
p"Sp.S6.
iS
4 ap'my ... W. Indi 1795.
Rhamni
Sp. 1229.
liedg.
tm
apjn
W
Britain
oror 2020
p
jn
W
Britain
20
apjn
W
Britain
oror 2012 apin
in W
W Britain
Britain
L1
pl
e.p
SG
G
G ce
. amer 24 tl6
Jac.
ic *. i.
Fl.peruv.t84.tb
Eng. bot 495
1808
, Use, Propagation, Olure,
theyfrom
the .barings, or at ltTeiiS bv th r ** : ""d ft? U uscd in thr cereYnonie.ti!which

obtained
The true sandal wood "the wJ%L
S1"found
"** "
In n tVe
pot eoait
of undofunder
a bell-glass.
Archipelago.
Santalum album,
Chieflyon
Malabar,
and in the Indian
tain " the wood"?whiS im! 5! ?"1 with it, is the kind which grows upon the Circar mounleaves,
with
petioles
inflated into
* .f,~ " * cunou
aquatic, with long
brownis larger
and green
roots
and floating
albert,
with
,
on. 1^"*
!t,he *ri"
seed
thanduring
the kernel
of the
ation.
Henee,twoand
ffilv!1
T""' as The
nota "**"n
the germinnocotylednncrc
dicotyledons
Thi
.
r
Ndumbnmi,
in
sort
of
middle
state
between
the
ma
rtin with the spine, bein^SLl .?, '"'""us, nd are esteemed nourishing and nectoraL The
are
sold
in
the
martT
Venir^H
,
"
*
,,?,
k*m<*
hin,
somewhat
like
a
chestnut
They
and
souththat
of France
of the e,Vm.efJî'
T"1'*with
are the
lsoplant
much; and NeiUSwiUerland
(ort.the.),
ti e mit, Some
S,Ji
canals at Versailles are covered
informs us
tato
broad
;
Jad
Thuma
g
s,at
S.
"
"S
h%
""""
that
theputThracian.
made
tbes
Inthi.
country
the
.SriT'
^T1
fTrap,
bicornl.)
mi
commonly
into
broth
bert, Bnj in 1815, .id^SS^tirufti5^JJ!J5i! nd lret^. dted , A.inB.Japan,
LamT. bicornis
is cultivated
hv th., h
!" "uhM
sent to the
Horticultural
Society!
^301
IMMgia.
Bo nameJl
SS?
ICMd
a. food.
die
ofthe
lasfcentur,
He /S IHSS&
h"or,rworka
,G-which
Lud"nuf
used
P">fos>r
ofbotany
at Lelpsic,
in theare
mid.of
3Wcet,
"e"fttemndn'm
several
are
now almost
forgotten.
The species
from otherl ^^^!!^^ whicn faen themselves to, and draw their nourishment
not sput into lobe., but opens and puu forth a little spiral body, which is the em.
Olm III,
TETEANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
105
.
mFlowenutile, Sumen*
Orficeofcor,
naked,
.Stigma
acute Stigma acute
Mit,
with
a
cale
at
their
base,

Aipraedeleft,
of*tahSepnen
do iccount
ha yet beenAnthers
published.
Shoot hrt white
11
oblaterounded,
>L onrwaned, Colordull brown, Shoots longMile, Stigmas pileatc
BStematend, Branches erect. Calyx scariose at edge
13Hleamobonteacutely toothedcordate with a small sinus
Podi -ointcdcompressedarcuate, Petalssmooth
Pet S-lobed the outside smooth at the back
KbM,knrtty
rwi notjomtedroundedpendulous,
erect compressed, Pet. smooth the2 "
nbnttabedthe middle one snuU
thehlcrsl
law
TETRAGYNIA.
ai.
*^^b/SL5s*oK.> rau" h h ,, .
on "" "*. clover.
'Mi America, Japan, Cochin-
Class 1
G
yellow-berried
GG
iflava
i lbo-margmtn stlver-tdged
G Bot mag.
gold-edged
3- areo-marginata
G .1 Lam. UL t
painted
1811.
pai\-medio-picta
1811.
G 8 Meerb ic 2.
Chinese
1822
chinneis
.
M.
loose-flowered
174t
_G 3
18231axiflra Ph.
179t.
a.aJ Meerb. ic 2
Carolina
1824
opaca
W.
,
1760.
G
African
1825crcea
W.
thick-leaved
N. Amer. 1760. G a
182fi
Perdo
W. W.
deciduous
-T
Carolina 1726. G Catear. 1.
1827
Prinoldce
br.-W.-Dahooti
Carolina
172a
GG ->il
1828
Casslnc
Ph.
Dahoon
*
i
1,1
Carolina
106.
1829
Dahon /'A. W. en. Myrtle-leaved _J or Cat car. 2.
Florida
170U.
1830 augustiflia
South Sea Tea T _J oror 10J .my W N. Amer. 1802. GG p.l
al Mich, am S
1831
1832 vomitona
canadensis fK.. Canadian
Sp. 12.
Coldbnia. J* or 2 Jioraginece.
31
jLau W Indiea 1699. S Lam. iU. t
1833COLDI/NIA.
proc6mb<?ni W.W. trailing
13H. . D Eng. bot 1
Alismacme.
W.
PuSD-WEED.
317. POTAMOGETON. brond-leaved ft cu au G to.Britain
bot
11
DD Eng.
Britain
dit.
1834ntans
W.W.
R
Eng.
bot.
long-leavedtved *m cu
cu jl.au
Britain
dit
1835
flntans
jLau
Eng.
bot
1:
D
various-lea1
Britain
riv.
1836 heterophUum W. perfoliate i cu jLau P
bot.
DD Eng.
dit
1837
my.jl Britain
Eng.
bot
^& cu
dit.
1838 perfolitum
den'sum. W. W. close-leaved
Britain
boL
cu In*
shining
rivuL DD Eng
Britain
1839
lacena W.W.
jnjl
Eng.
bot
~*5i "
curled
Britain rivuL
1R40
Eng.
bot
cu
Britain
dit
D
1841 crspum
compresum W. flat-stalked
jnjl
Eng.
bot
^
cu
England
wlak.
D
fennel-leaved
1842
pectintum
'.
jl.au
Ol
Eng.
not.
* cu
cu jl.au G Britain lit g "
spear-leaved
1843
lanceoltum
E.
B.
grass-leaved * fu jLau Britain Ut g >
1844
gramineum
W.
small
1845
pustllum W.W.
jl.au G Britain D 00
bristle-leaved cu Fluviales.
1846-etceurn
318.
RU'PPIA.
W.
il Britain i.w.d.S il Eng. bot
i
cu
1847 martima W.
Sp.57. rub. _S . Eng. bot
aryophylle.
Britain
Pearlwort
319.\SAGI'NA.
i my.s W
boL
procunVbensW. W.
tin.il
W Britain sea en. S Eng.
1832
TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
106
, fAc, Propagation, Cumr*,

of ,he (tnerf m
ritain,
it laStaffordshire,
found congregated
inScotland,
natural in the ^^f%Xrton.hire,
about
China,
.
In
Britain,
'orest,
in
and
in
wood,
or
'"
wmeLv
are
in MedwoodProfesaor
forest, Martyn's lather first discovered the difftn^ncc . m t< J > ,
Lochlomond.
,
Lochlomond.
others
female,
and
other,
hermaphrodite.
It
ia
a
tree
of
great
}?4'"$t
.
et, hut beat in a dry deep loam ; auch I the anil of Medwood forest_ By cuiwrea ^ )cavMi
and
beenmake
produced,
the vanegatum
margin,""
' ond form
colorsubvarieties
of the fruithave
These
gay anddiffering
elegantin.hruba
for Uwn. and
.mal rouo.^
^ anf ,
feature
ahrubbery.
The common
pr*IJ^TS.
"
whether wein the
regardgeneral
iu qualities
for defence,
shelter,green
duration,
or.beatify i?haaOTe
i ftult,
> vW}.itgcnc
growththeunless
for thisgardens
reasonbyhawthorn
pnterreo.ana m jj-lj^(nem e5
about
end ofcarefully
the 17thcultivated,
century toanddivide
hedges of isWtJJ,
Evel.n's impenetrable holly hedge at Deptford nas
has been
much
It- ^de
,a ,ur
oeeumentions
mm." celebrated.
made
tour: of01of thvm
and S feet broad. " Gibson, iArcnvologia
rit.
who
lj
'Bicntnond
Urchologia
rU.in tt.)
ijt.)
Richmond
gardens
near
London,
and
states,
as
next
grandeur,
that
ot
sir
ra.
"*r*~i
aI
Dunbar,
.,r
^""J*n
ncar
^ P
there
exist aofsingle
plant. The
largest
holly hedge
in .Scotland
at Tynnmgham^ne
formerEarl
Haddington,
author
ofa Treatise
on Fruit
Trees , It.has
for many >ean 1 spikes ofA
fomierEarl
"
^'"""^"u'h
lowIn presents
spiry 114*
top.^ ^, ',
, In
now
a noble
phalanx
of deeporahining
and
numerous
the
the
stone
ofgreen
the leaves,
berries
is divested^tajaânaw
pulp
In cultivating
cultivating
theinholly,
holly,
the kernel
kernel
s turning
with
sand in heaps
the open
garden,or and
over frequently.
The berries
,,.
qul
may
this way
October
sown "to p mMhl
inch bewithrotted
fine inmould
; or tilltheythemay
remainfollowing,
on the and
tree,then
tdl spring,
'stone,
do
not
vegej
water
toyearseparate
the gathering
pulp, after; which
theyoccasionally
may be sown.germinate
In 8<,;1',
*,, and a number
econd
from the
some
rira yi
.11 :
be chosen
third.
\n transplanting
pruning
the will
holly,
Octoberastneand
arc
young plants
ar removedandbefore
planted
in the the
finalmonths
site theofbetter,
it ha.April
naturally
root
chiefly
ramose
and
descending.
Miller
recommends
cutting
holly
hedges
witn
a
xn
'nd
aJ
unsightly.
The variegated
andheother
curious
sortsthearcvariegated
generallysorts
propagated
by """""b,
,nJ
common
green.
F.vclvn
.ays
raised
some
of
by
,owl"
,hpm
b'v
luven
found
hedgehog
continue
the une
when
Somewood,
"fana
^L,
I
says alltheof them
willVariety
root freely
by cuttings
taken,
off 1at apropagated.
joint m ripened
p..hand-glass in a shady situation."
lin.
TETRANDRIA TETKAGYNIA.
107
, ta < hR,^ prickSaS

? fc S 7" * im armednearl, en rT
M ta .taule dani m "near .,SS
0f "* ,1*
beneath
recurved, Frult-alalk reflcxed

133/
i lue taking a bundle of.theur tree

carryuntil
Hwaytheywithhave
Hijhim,sufficiently
nathey
ircelyall : cleansed
retire
thus they
tothemtheir
coninreetodays,
h-nfi-l.ujt*d!
in honorofCadwallader Colden, an English naturalist, ho published
j^J^WofepUnuLinn,
ofSew York.
..
n7m^. ""."i "'
,Uandsurface.
, near.
of theProfessor
species Martyr,
grow wholly
immersed
JrJS1*00'
It shouldMostseem,
observe*,
that the
**crfslk- '"^^ YnCrt*bl mint be u different from thoae which inhale atmospheric: air, a*
*^>, ^001^r(
thalvy
otbeaiUand
are, very
as Hallcr
of a difterent
Îta^,
TiecuUr, bird*.
harsh, Accordingly.they
and ribbed, but often
brittle;remarks,
and their
surface,
**Wm1 *nd '"'"
Of hairforor aquatic
down ofinsects
any kind.
The leave*
of aquatic
planta aflnrd
*ôT^S^
and worm*
for their
nourishment.
Theshade
root*
K*s4edsi*i
n 0,1 thef*b
andthat d*
bird isandin consequence
erroneouslyHaller
considered
as uskeeping
-***ofUm
-hWbjiTJL2L5Ma
leaves
of
V.
cri.pum.
informs
im^^m KI0W* *> ten to twenty fathoms long, forming, as it were, immens.- wood*thatin
** n*itSSM' PO-MostTheyofthe
arc species
readily may
propagatedby
seed*or
by dividem-*^^^!?"0*"be considered
as ornamental
a botanic gar.**VsW Blrtl" i clayeybottom.
?1~_?1
Ruppi, a German. le published in
...their
>wmik
gar.
long roots,
* Wlf'*'.111?
lh* nower-stalk
of this
plant
isis,spiral,
like th;a
y'N.el
SnSU?**
*
ofthe
water.
The
truth
the
flower
tW H*r7lE^?"<ehM
the depthbeofthe
theemployment
water, so as ofa
just flt.
^jjgZ)
U", miv"wri.lito
^
Linnaus, Is to called for its qualities. In Latin, Mf**u exprra
108
TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
1850 aptala W.
1851 maritima E. B.
small-flowered
sea-side
1852 erecta Sm.
glaucous
S0. TilleA. W.
1853 muscsa W.
321. RADIOLA. Sm.
1854 millegrna Sm.
TilleA.
mossy
RAdioLA.
all-seed
Ow
* myjn w
O w . my...au W
O w t ap.my W
Sempervive.
O cu
+ jn.o.
Pl
Britain rub
CLAss IV.
sco
Eng bot. 881
Ireland sc. alp. S co

... S. co
Eng bot: 2195

Eng. bot. 609
Britain
1-4.
gland sa, he. S co
Eng bot. 116
Caryophylleae. ...Sp. 1.
Ow
* jLau
Britain san. pl. S co
Eng bot. 893
nourishing. The species are very common in dry pastures, where they are valuable for sheep-food, S. procum
bens is a small but troublesome weed in shaded garden-walks and paved courts, and with S. apetala, seeds the
whole summer. Curtis remarks, that the latter species ripens its seeds more rapidly than almost any other
plant.
CLAss V. - PENTANDRIA.
5 STAMENs.
One of the most extensive of the Linnaean classes, and containing about a fifth part of all
plants. It includes the whole of the Boragineae or
Asclepiadeae, Apocyneae, and Umbelliferae,
nearly all Primulaceae, and portions of a great variety of other natural orders, among which many are orna
mental, and others valuable on account of their relation to medicine and the arts.
The Boragineae are, in many instances, ornamental plants; a few, such as Anchusa tinctoria are
to
economical purposes; but
part are weeds of northern latitudes. They have been recently described
and re-arranged in a scientific manner by M. Lehmann, whose Monographia Asperifoliarum should have a
place in every botanical library.
The curious genus Stapelia is a part of the Asclepiadeae, which order was in sounsettled and confused a state
as to be a reproach to the science until it was remodelled by Mr. Brown, who first determined the just limits of
its genera.
e Apocyneae contain, among some poisonous plants, such as Echites venenata, the Oleander re
markable for the beauty of its flowers, and the Cream fruit and Picimmons of Sierra Leone, which are said
to be excellent fruit-trees.
Umbelliferous plants contain numerous species, some of which, like the Cicutavirosa, Conium maculatum, &c.
are dangerous poisons, and others which are useful to mankind either as luxuries or necessaries. The seeds of
caraway, coriander, &c. are commonly used by the confectioner, of dill and anise by the distiller; the blanched
stems of celery and sweet fennel, and the roots and leaves of many others are among the best of British vegetables.
The gum galbanum of the shops is said to be the produce of a plant of this tribe. Great difficulty exists in ascer
taining upon what principles the genera should be divided.
contrary to his usual practice, attempted
to derive the characters from the absence or presence of the involucrum; Hoffman, Link, and Sprengel from
uliarities in the fruit, or, as it is familiarly called, in the seeds. The characters of Sprengel, who has, as
it were, grown old in the study of Umbelliferae, are certainly deserving of attention; but botanists are much
divided in opinion upon their merits; and, it is to be feared, that notwithstanding the labours of the learned
men who have directed their study particularly to the consideration of the order, little real progress has been
made in its final arrangement. In this work the arrangement of Sir James Smith has been adopted, as being
the most simple of all that has been published, and the most easy of application.
The plants belonging to Primulaceae are beautiful border-flowers, or pretty alpine plants. In the same arti
ficial section with these, are found the elegant families of Convolvulus and Ipomaea, one or several species
I'
of which produce the jalap of the shops; the various kinds of Epacris, which in New Holland rival the heaths
of Southern Africa, and the splendid genus Azalea.
Other sections include the teak wood of the East Indies; the Sapodilla plum, and the Star apple, fine
fruits of the West Indies; solanum, well digested by Dunal; the Jesuit's bark (Cinchona), of which no species
has yet been brought alive to Europe; the coffee tree, and many others.
Pentandria Digynia contains little beyond the Asclepiadeae and Umbelliferae, already mentioned. The Su
mach, Guelder Rose, and Elder are contained in Trigynia; in Tetragynia the paradoxical and curious Parnassia;
in Pentagynia, Crassula, Linum, and Statice, all ornamental genera; and a few obscure weeds make up the
last order, Polygynia.
--"-
ORDER III.
TETRAND RIA TETRAGYNIA.
* -
109
1850 Stem erect pubescent, Flowers alternate apetalous

1851 Stems erect divaricating smooth, Leaves obtuse blunt, Petals obsolete
1852 Stem erect about 1-flowered, Sepals acute, Petals entire
1853 Procumbent, Flowers trifid
1854. The only species
320. Tillaea. From Mich. Ang. Tilli, an Italian, born in 1653, died in 1740. He was a foreign member of the
Royal Society of London, and published a Catalogus Horti Pisani, in one volume, folio.
#1. Radiola. A diminution of radius. A little insignificant weed, formerly referred to the same genus
with common flax.
Order 1.
MONOGYNIA.
Wy
5 Stamens.
1 Style.
1. Flowers monopetalous, infernor. Seed 1, naked.

322. Mirabilis. Nut below the corolla, which is funnel-shaped. Stigma globose, a little warted.
323. Abroma. Cor funnel-shaped, with cordate segments, above the germen contracted, at the orifice in
flated. Stigma simple.
324. Plumbago. Seed 1. Stamens inserted into the valves. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stigma 5-cleft.
2. Flowers monopetalous, inferior. Seeds 2 or more, naked.
325. Heliotropium. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. hypocrateriform, orifice without teeth, limb 5-cleft, sinuses plaited,
simple, or toothed. Stamens included. Stigma peltate. Nuts 4, cohering without a common
326. Myosotis, Cal. 5-parted. Cor. hypocrateriform, closed with scales. Limb 5-parted, obtuse.
included. Anthers peltate. Stigma capitate. Nuts 4, distinct, perforated at the base.
Stamens
327. Echinospermum, Cal. cor. and other parts as in Myosotis. Nuts united to a central column, prickly,
compressed, closed at the base.
328. Mattia. Cal 5-parted, spreading. Cor. tubular, funnel-shaped at the orifice with 5 scales as long as the
tube. Anthers sagittate, conniving, exserted. Style longer than stamens. Stigma simple. Seeds winged.
3.29. Tiaridium. Cor.
with an angular tube, the orifice contracted with 5 rays. Style very
short. Sti
capitate.
uts 4, 2-celled, mitre-formed, cohering, closed at base. No common receptacle.
330. Lithospermum. Cal 5-parted, persistent. Cor. funnel-shaped, with a half 5-cleft obtuse limb, and an
open orifice. Anthers included. Stigma obtuse, bifid. Seeds 4, hard, smooth, closed at the base.
331. Batschia. Cal. deeply 5-parted Cor. hypocrateriform, with a hairy ring at the base inside, an open
orifice, and rounded segments. Stigma emarginate. Seeds hard, shining.
332. Onosma. Cal 5-parted, erect. Cor. campanulate,
with a ventricose tubular 5-toothed
limb, and an open orifice. Anthers sagittate, connected at base by their lobes. Stigma obtuse. Seeds ovate,
shining, stony, closed at base.
333. Anchusa. Cal. 5-cleft, persistent. Cor. funnel-shaped, with a half 5-cleft spreading limb, orifice closed
with 5 prominent scales. Anthers included. Stigma emarginate. Seeds gibbous, with a sculptured surface.
334. Symphytum. Cal. 5-parted, acute. Cor. cylindrical, campanulate, with a short tube and a tubular in
flated limb, orifice with 5 subulate rays conniving into a cone. Stigma simple. Seeds gibbous, not pierced
"#
at base.
335. Qnosmodium, Cal deeply 5-parted. , Cor. oblong, campanulate, with a ventricose halt 5-cleft limb, the
edges of which are inflated, orifice open.
Anthers sagittate, included.
336. Cynoglossum. Cal 5-parted. Cor. short, funnel-shaped, with a 5-parted obtuse limb; orifice closed by
scales. Stamens included. Stigma capitate. Nuts depressed, attached to a central column.
337. Omphalodes. Cal. deeply 5-parted. Cor. rotate, shorter than the tube of the calyx, with 5 short scales
crossing over the anthers, which are inserted into the base of the tube. Style short. Stigma thick. Seeds ur
ceolate, toothed at the edge.
338. Pulmonaria. Cal. prismatic, 5-cornered, 5-toothed. Cor funnel-shaped, with a cylindrical tube, open
orifice, and obtuse 5-lobed limb. Stigma obtuse. Seeds 4, obtuse, rounded.
339. Cerinthe. Cor. tubular, ventricose. Nuts 2, each 2-celled, open at the base.
340. Borago. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. rotate, with acute segments; orifice crowned. Filaments conniving.
Seeds rounded, closed at base, rugose, inserted lengthways into an excavated receptacle.
- -

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Class V.
341. Trichodesma. Cor. rotate, with a naked orifice and tubulate segments. Stamens exeerted Anther*
villous
at luck. Nuts
immersed
in the 4-wlnged
column. with a short tube, orifice dosed by con
342. Asperugo.
Cal.half
5-parted,
irregular.
Cor. funnel-shaped,
acales.
Stigma Cal.
obtuse
Seedsinflated.
oblong, compressed,
not perforated.
341. Honra.
at length
Cor. funnel-form,
with a 5-cleft short limb, and straight naked tube.
Stamens
included. Cor.
Orifice
nearly open.5-lobed,
Seeds 4,withwitha parallel
344. Lycopsis.
funnel-shaped,
covered streaks.
tube and obtuse limb. Scales at the orifice.
.'4').
Echium.
CaL
5-parted,
subulate
Cor.
campanulatc
with
unequalSeeds
obtuse
segments,
the not
2 upper
Stigma
emarginate.
Nuts
hollowed
at
base.
longest; orifice open. Filaments unequal, declnate Stigma obtuse.
roundish,
warted,
opentheat
34& Toumefortia. Berry 2-celled, cells S-seeded, perforated at end. Cor. hypocrateriform or rotate, naked
base.
at347.
the orifice.
Solana. Cal. turbinate Cor. campanulate, plaited. Nuts 5, 2 or 4-celled
3. Flowers monopetoious, inferior. Seeds in a capsule or dry drupe. ( bestia, which has a berry, is an exceptio*,
but is placed here account of its relation to othergenera.)
348.
1-cellcd
hypocrateriform,
contracted
at theat orifice
globose
349. Aretia.
Androsace.Caps,Cape.
1-celledCorolla
Corolla
hypocrateriform,
contracted
the orifice.Stigma
Stigma
globose
350. Primula. Caps. 1-celled. Corolla funnel-shaped, pervious at the orifice. Stigma globose
351. Cartsa. Caps. 1-celled, oblong. Corolla rotate Stigma somewhat capitate
352.
Soldanella. Cape.
1-celled.
Stigma
simple.Stigma obtuse.
35.4.
Dodecatheon.
Caps.1-celled,
1-celled,Corolla
oblong.torn.
Corolla
reflexed
4
354.
Cyclamen. Caps.
Caps.
reflexed.
Stigma acute
355. Hottonia.
1-celled pulpy
Corollawithin.
with theCorolla
tube below
the stamens.
Stigma globose
356
l.ysimachia.
Cape,
1-celled,
10-valved.
Corolla
rotate
Stigma
obtuse
357. Anagallis. Capa. 1-celled, cut round. Corolla rotate Stigma capitate
358.
Corolla hypocrateriform.
Cat 8-leaved
359. Diapensia.
Pyxidanthera.Caps.
CaL3-celled
deeply 5-parted.
Cor. campanulate, much
shorter than the tube of calyx, segments5,
spntulate Anthers with an appendage at their base. Style thick. Stigmas 3.
360.
Coris.
Caps.
1-celled,
5-valved.
Corolla
irregular.
Stigma
capitate
961
Galax. Caps. Caps.
1-celled,
2-valvedCorolla
Corolla hypocrateriform.
Stigma
362.
1-cclled
bifidroundish.
Cal. 5-parted,
363. Menyanthet.
Viarsia. Caps, many-seeded,
2-valved.villous
Cor.spreading.
rotate, limbStigma
spreading,
5-parted,
flat, bearded or scaly at
364.base.Chironia.
Caps,
ovate, seeds numerous small. Cal. 5-parted erect Cor. equal, with a 5-parted limb of
the
Glands
5,
hypogynous,
ovate
segments.
Filaments
mouthof ofcor.tube.
Anthers, after
bursting,FUam.
spiral. short,
Styleregular,
declnate.inserted
365. equal
Eustoma.
Cal deeply
5-cleftfromTube
funnel-shaped,
contracted.
about
the
midiile
of
the
tube
Stigma
large,
deeply
2-lobcd
Seeds
scurfy.
366. Erythrtea. Caps, linear. CaL 5-cleft. Cor. funnel-shaped, with a short limb withering. Anthers, after
367. Sabbatia.
Cor. with2. an urceolatc tube, and limb 5-12-partcd. Stigmas 2-parted, with spiral divisions.
bursting,
spiral Stigmas
368. Log.inia,
2-parted. Cor. subcampanulate, with a villous throat, and 5-parted limb. Stigma
Anthers
at length Caps.
revolute
369. Phlox. Caps. 3-celled Corolla hypocrateriform, with a curved tube Stigma trifid
clvate.
370.
Corolla5-parted,
5-parted. with
Stamens
valves.exscrtcd Stigma nearly
371. Polemonium.
Vesta. Berry.Caps.
Cor.3-celled.
funnel-shaped,
a hairyplaced
throaton the
Stamens
entire
372.
HydropJiyttum.
Caps.
1-celled,
2-valved.
Corolla
with
5
nectaries.
Stigma
bifid. with 5 furrows inside
37i Phacelia. Caps. 2-valved, 4-seeded CaL persistent Cor. campanulate, 5-cleft,
Caps. 2-valved,
valvesStigmas
bent in 2,atlong.
edge, septiferous. Cor. rotate, rather unequaL Stamens
the374.baseRamondia.
Sum exeerted
Style short
approximated,
perforated
end. Stigma
. Verbascum.
Caps. at2-celled.
Corollaround
rotate Stigma obtuse. Stamens declnate
376.
Caps.Caps,
2-celled,
4-valvedCaLCorolla
funnel-shaped
Calyx deciduous.
377. Datura.
Brugtnansia.
unarmed
bursting
at side, persistent
Cor. funnel-shaped Anthers glued.
together.
Stigma orCaps.
line running
each side ofCorolla
stvle funnel-shaped, ventricose Style persistent
378. Lisianlhus.
2-celled, down
many-seeded
S7
Spigrtta, Cm
Corolla funnel-shaped
Stigma which
simpleis inflated Cor. campanulate.
380. btcandra.
Berry2-celled,
withoutdouble.
juice, 3-5-celled,covered
by the calyx,
Stamens
incurved, distant
381 Huoscyamus.
Caps. 2-celled, with a lid Corolla funnel-shaped. Stigma capitate
382. AtcoUann. (ape. 2-celled. Corolla funnel-shaped Stigma emarginate
383.
Inonuta. Caps.Caps
3-ceiled.
funnel-shaped.
Stigma capitate.
384.
2-celledCorolla
2-secded.
Cor. campanulate
Stigma 2-cleftthe outer sepals largest Cor.
3&J. Convolvulus.
Argyreia.
Berrythick
rounded,
juicelese,
4-celled
CaL colored,
5-parted,
with a short
tube surrounding
the nectary.
Stamenspersistent,
in the mouth of tube thickened at base
386. fleshy
Xemophila.
Ovary
with 2 parietal
each bearing
distant ovules.
hairy.
Anthers
sagittate
with
placentae
fixed1-cclled,
to a longitudinal
dorsalplacentas,
axis, otherwise
loose,2 bearing
the seedsCapsule
on their1-ceUed,
inner
387. Calystegia. Ovary half 2-celled, 4-seeded CaL 5-parted inclosed in two leafy brades. Cor. campanulate,
surface.
nS"-.
St*01"*"
equal,3-5-celled,
shorter than
the limb. Seeds
Stigmas
2, obtuse.edged Cal. 5-cleft, campanulate,
SW. Cobra.
Caps,nearly
obovate,
3-5-valved
imbricated,
5**?!?!
wulgT Cor
campanulate,
with
5 blunt
lobes.Corolla
Stamens
declnate, filaments trifid.
spiraL
Sm
\?
3"ce"ed>
3-valved
Seeds
winged
funnel-shaped
J9U Hottoa. Cape, of Cantua. Seeds not edged CaL double, inner 1-leaved Stigma
tubular, outer of 4-8 leaves.
rS5i
*^ time* 88 to"* calyx, a little incurved Stamens inserted into base of tube.
o" Lubinta.
ri- Caps,
** ^c*11*1Corollamucronate,
cylindrical,when
villous
on theof2-4
outside
bifid Cor. hypocraten.
many-seeded,
pressed
valves.Stigma
CaL 5-parted
i"? bpacrts.
Parted
Jual
"nib. attached
Filamentstoattached
to column.
middle of CiL
tubecolored,
Stigmawith
obtuse
Caps,
with
placentae
a
central
393 Epacris. Caps, with placentae attached to a central column, lai. coioreu, y... I hracteee. Cor.
tubular,
with
a
beardless
limb.
Stamens
on
the
petals
Seules
5,
hypogynous.
394. Rtuphclia. Drupe juiceless, with a solid bony putamen. CaL ^parted wiin oraete.
( Cor. in a
longtube,
having within
bundleswith
of hairs,
bearded
reflexedCaLsegments.
Filam^J*^
Lissanthe
Drupe5berried,
a bonyandsolid
putamen.
with 2 bractea;
or more ^ inftlndibuform,
5-ceJled a solid bony putamen. Cal. with 4 or more iw.mUm
bractcre. Cor. ventnroso.
liform,
not bearded Drupe
Ovarium 5-celled.
396. asAstroloma.
twice
long as calyx, withjuicelees,
5 bundleswith
of hairs inside, and a short spreading oearaeo. ihm Filaments linear
397. Sprengelia. Caps, with placentas attached to a central column. CaL colored Cor. 5-part
beardless.
Stamens hypogynous.
AnthersCaL
connate
or not
398. Andersonia.
Caps, of Sprengelia.
colored,
with No
2 orhypogynous
more leafyscales.
bractese. Cor. the lenetr
wr-s of thl
*-
PENTANDRIA MONOGYN1A.
ORDER I.
calyx, the segments of the limb bearded at the base. Stamens hypogynous.
111
Scales 5, hypogynous, sometimes
connate.
399. Lysinema. Caps of Sprengelia. Cal. colored, with many bracteae. Cor. hypocrateriform, with a tube
sometimes 5-partible, with beardless
ents bent to the right. Stamens h
ous. Scales 5, hypogynous.
400. Monotoca. Drupe berried. Cal. with 2 bracteac. Cor.
the limb and throat beard.
less. Ovary 1-seeded.
401. Leucopogon. Drupe berried or juiceless, sometimes crustaceous. Cal. with 2 bracteac. Cor. funnel
shaped, with a spreading limb bearded lengthwise. Filaments included. Ovary 2-5-celled.
402. Stenanthera. Drupe juiceless, with a solid bony putamen. Cal. with many bracteac. Cor. tubular,
longer than the calyx, ventricose, with a short spreading half-bearded limb. Filaments included, fleshy, broader
fun',
than the anthers.
403. Azalea. Caps. 5-celled. Corolla campanulate. Sti

obtuse.
404. Chamaeledon. Caps. 2-celled, opening at the end. Cal. 5-parted, equal., Cor. campanulate, 5-cleft, un
equal. Stamens i
into the base of cor. equal, straight, included. Anthers opening lengthwise. Style
straight.
: Breria.
Cal. short, with 5 rounded lobes.
Petals ovate, spreading, rounded.
Filam. dilated at base.
Bristles shorter than the stamens, about the ovarium.
406. Ophiorhiza.
Caps. 2
celled,
2-parted.
Corolla funnel-shaped, villous at mouth, with acute segments.
Stigma bifid.
# Allamanda.
Caps. 1-celled, lens-shaped, 2-valved, the valves being boat-shaped. Seeds imbricated.
408. Theophrasta. Caps. 1-celled, very large. Corolla campanulate. Stigma acute.
409, Clavija. Caps. 1-celled, very large Corolla rotate, with 5 prominences in the centre. Filaments 5,
munited into a tube at the base of the corolla.
4. Flowers monopetalous, inferior. Seeds in a follicle.

410. Winca. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. hypocrateriform, plaited at the orifice, with flat segments, truncate at the end.
Filaments at the end dilated into concave scales. Glands 2 at base of ovary.
411. Nerium. Cor. hypocrateriform, crowned at the mouth with little lacerated appendages, segments of cor.
twisted. Filaments inserted into middle of tube. Anthers sagittate, adhering to the stigma by the middle.
Little teeth at the base of the calyx outside the corolla.
412. Wrightia. Cor. hypocrateriform. Mouth crowned by 10 divided scales. Stam. exserted. Filaments
inserted into throat. Anthers sagittate, adhering to the stigma by the middle. Scales 5-10, inserted into base
of calyx outside of corolla, some hypogynous.
413. Echites. Cor. hypocrateriform, with segments of the limb unequal-sided. Ovaries 2. Style 1, filiform.
Follicles slender.
414. Ichnocarpus. Cor. hypocrateriform, with segments of limb halved. Ovaries 2. Style 1, filiform. Stig
ma ovate, acuminate. Filaments 5, hypogynous, alternate with the stamens.
415. Plumieria. Cor. funnel-shaped, with a flat limb, and ovate-oblong oblique segments. Filaments from
the middle of tube. Anthers conniving. Styles scarcely any.
416. Strophanthus. Cor. funnel-shaped, with segments caudate, mouth crowned with 10 entire scales. Stam
middle of tube. Anthers sagittate, aristate, or mucronate. Style filiform, dilated at end. Stigma
#"
cylindrica
417. Cameraria. Cal. very small. Cor. funnel-shaped or h

rateriform, with a long tube inflated at both
ends, and a flat limb, with 5 lanceolate oblique segments. Filaments in the middle of tube. Ovaries, with
Styles scarcely any.
er'': at their sides.
18. Tabernaemontana. Cor. hypocrateriform.
Stamens included.
Anthers sagittate.
Ovaries 2. Style
filiform. Stigma dilated at base, Seeds immersed in pulp.

419. Amsonia. Cor funnel-shaped, closed at the orifice, a 5-lobed limb. Stigma capitate, surrounded
by a membranous angle. Seeds obliquely truncate, naked.
5. Flowers monopetalous, inferior. Seeds in a drupe or berry.

420. Cerbera. Cal persistent, 5-parted. Cor. funnel-shaped, with a clavate tube and 5-cornered throat, with
5 scales, segments of limb oblique obtuse. Stigma fringed, bifid. Drupe bony, 2-celled, 4-valved. Seeds 1-2,
covered with a fleshy skin.
421.
Tecton". crenulate
Cai, campanulate,
with 5-6 lobes, Cor funnel-shaped, the length of calyx, with a short tube,
#"
limb. Stamens under the throat of corolla. Drupe globose in the inflated calyx,
and
3-4-celled.
422. Caldasia. Cal tubular. Cor. tubular, 2-lipped, with emarginate segments. Filaments declinate.
Drupe 3-angular, 3-valved, 3-seeded.
423. Bumelia. Cal. 5 parted, '. small. Cor. campanulate, 5-cleft, or hypocrateriform, with teeth between
the divisions of limb. Nectary a 5-leaved crown, adhering to the tube of the corolla. Drupe ovate or globose.
424. Chrysophyllum. Cal 5-parted, small. Cor. campanulate, short. Filaments on the tube connivent.
Style very short.
obtuse, 5-cleft. Berry 10-celled, with solitary shining seeds.
s'
425. Siderorylon. Cal 5-toothed. Cor. 5-cleft Scales of nectary five. Stigma simple. Berry 5-seeded.
426. Jacquinia. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor with a campanulate ventricose tube, and 10-cleft limb. Stamens hypo
gynous.
nthers hastate.
Stigma capitate.
Berry roundish, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
427. Achras, Cal. 5-6-parted. Cor ovate, 5-6-cleft, with as many scales on the throat. Berry or apple teated,
1-celled. Seeds solitary, with a marginal hilum, and a claw at the end.
428. Cordia... Cal. tubular, 4-5-toothed.
Cor funnel-shaped, 4-5-cleft.
Style dichotomous.
Stigmas 4
Drupe covered by the calyx, I-4-celled. Cotyledons plaited.

429. Varronia. Cal. tubular, 5-toothed. Cor. tubular, with a 5-cleft, spreading, plaited limb. Style dicho
tomous. Stigmas 4. Drupe 4-celled, 4-seeded.
430. Ehretia. Cal. deeply 5-cleft. Cor. funnel-shaped, with a naked throat. Stamens exserted. Style semi- .
bifid. Berry 2-celled, 2-seeded.
431. Bourreria. Cal. campanulate, half 5-cleft, very small. Cor. longer than calyx, with a plaited limb.
Stam, as long as cor. Stigma obtuse edged. Berry roundish, 1-celled, with 4 convex seeds.
432. Ellisia. Cal. 8-parted. Cor. funnel-shaped. Stam. inserted in base of corolla. Stigma
or bifid.
dry, scrotiform, 2-valved, 2-celled, in an enlarged stellate calyx. Seeds globose, black, dott
433. Sersalisia. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. 5-cleft. Stamens 5, sterile, scale-like, with as many alternate fertile
Ovary 5-celled. Stigma undivided. Berry 1-5 seeded. Seeds with a crustaceous skin, and longitudinal
*:
liurn.
434. Manglilla. Cal. very small, 5-parted. Cor. rotate, 5-parted. Scales of nectary none. Drupe or berry
1-celled, 1-seeded.
435. Ardisia. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. hy
ateriform, with a reflexed limb. Anthers large, erect. Stigma
simple. Drupe fleshy, superior, #"
436. Arduina. Cor. funnel-shaped, curved. Stigma bifid. Berry 2-celled. Seeds solitary, oblong.
437. Strychnos. Cor. tubular, 5-cleft. Berry 1-celled, with a woody coat. A Contorta.
Carissa. Cal. short. Cor. tubular. Stamens included. Berry 2-celled. Cells 1-2 or many-seeded. A
c:
ontorta.
439. Paederia. , Cal 5-toothed. Cor. infundibuliform, 5-lobed, hairy within. Style bipartite. Berry brittle,
shining, 2-seeded.
440. Gelsemium. Cal 5-toothed. Cor. infundibuliform. Limb spreading, 5-lobed, nearly equal.
compressed, flat, 2-partible, 2-celled. Seeds flat, attached to the margins of the valves.
441 Rauwolfia.
Cor. tubular, globose at base.
Berry succulent, 2 seeded.
A Contorta.
Caps.
112
Class V.
442. Vallesia. Cal. very small, 5-fid. Cor. hypocrateriform, or infundibuliform, with a long slender tube,
an inflated throat, and a flat limb with 5 lanceolate spreading segments. Stamens inserted in the throat.
Drupes 2, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Nut fibrose, striated.
44.3.
. Cor. tubular, o-cleft. Calyx double, superior: outer 2-leaved, lower campanulate, 5-toothed.
Berry 1-celled, many-seeded.
# Solandra. Cal. bursting. Cor.clavate, funnel-shaped, very large. Berry 4-celled, many-seeded.
445. Cestrum. Cal. funnel-shaped. Segments acute, edged. Stamens with or without a tooth. Anthers
4-cornered. Berry 1-2-celled. Seeds few, angular.
446. Atropa. Cor. campanulate. Stamens distant. Be
obose, 2-celled, sitting on the calyx.
447. Ma
Cal turbinate. Cor. campanulate. Filaments dilated at base. Ovary with 2 glands.
Berry fleshy, solid. Seeds reniform.
Physalis. Cor. campanulate, rotate. Stamens conniving. Berry within the inflated calyx, 2-celled.
449. Saracha. Cor. rotate, campanulate. Berry 1-celled. Receptacle fleshy.
450. Lycium. Cor. tubular, with a closed orifice. Filaments bearded., Berry 2-celled, many-seeded.
451. Solanum. Cal. persistent. Cor. rotate or

5-lobed, plaited. Anthers in some degree
united, opening by a double pore at the end. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded.
52. Nycterium. Cal. 4-5-cleft. Cor. rotate, unequal. Anthers declinate, conniving, the lowest longest.
453. Capsicum. Cor. rotate. Berry without juice.
454. Leea. Cor. monopetalous. Nectary 1-leaved, placed on the tube of the corolla, 5-cleft, erect. Berry
5-seeded, inferior.
6. Flowers monopetalous, superior. Seeds in a capsule.
455. S
Caps inferior, 1-celled, 5-valved. Seeds 5, with a netted coat. Cor. funnel-shaped.
Stigma 5-cle
Cal. 5-parted, superior. Cor funnel-shaped, with 3-toothed divisions. Caps. 2-celled, many
-
:*
-::*
457. Macrocnemum
Cal. campanulate, cup-shaped. Cor. campanulate or funnel-shaped. Caps. 2-celled.
Seeds imbricated.
458. Erostemma. Cal. campanulate, 5-toothed. Cor funnel-shaped. Limb 5-parted, usually hairy. Caps.
oblong, rounded, 2-celled, 2-partible. Seeds numerous, with a membranous edge.
459. Burchellia. Heads of flowers in an involucrum. Cor.clavate, funnel-shaped, with a 5-cleft short limb
and a beardless orifice. Segments before expansion twisted together. Stamens inserted above the middle of
the tube. Anthers subsessile, included. Stigma clavate. Berry crowned by the deeply 5-cleft calyx, 2-celled,
many-seeded.
# Rondeletia. Cor. funnel-shaped. Tube ventricose at top. Segments rounded, flattish. Caps. round,
crowned, 2-celled. Seeds several or solitary.
461. Coutarca. Cal. 6-leaved. Cor. large, funnel-shaped, 6-cleft, with an incurved ventricose tube. Fila
ments inserted at base of tube. Caps, 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds with a membranous edge.
462. Portlandia. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor.clavate, funnel-shaped. Segments spreading, deflexed. Caps. 5-cor
nered, retuse, crowned, 2-celled, 2-valved. Valves doubled, 2-cleft,
463. Campanula. Cor. campanulate, closed at bottom with staminiferous valves. Stigma 3-5-cleft. Caps.
inferior
ning by lateral pores.
464.
lia. Cor. with the tube split on one side, the limb 2-lipped, 5-parted. Stigma 2-lobed, sometimes
entire. Caps. 2-3-celled, 2-valved at end.
465. Phyteuma. Cor. at first rounded conical, afterwards 5-parted with linear weak segments. Stigma 2 or
3-cleft. Caps. 2-3-celled, inferior.
466. Trachelium. Cor. funnel-shaped. Style long. Stigma globose. Caps. 3-celled, inferior.
467. Roella. , Cor funnel-shaped, closed at bottom with staminiferous valves. Stigma 2-fid. Caps. nearly
:ed.
2-celled, cylindrical, inferior,

468.
'enia. Cor. labiate, 5-cleft, waved, longitudinally split, pushing forth the stamens. Anthers linear.
Stigma urceolate, ciliated. Caps. 1-2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. S
imbricated.
469. Euthales. Cal tubular, 5-cleft, equal. Cor. split at the end, with a 2-lipped limb. Anthers distinct.
Style undivided. Stigma 2-lipped. Caps. 4-valved, 2-celled at base.

470 Dampiera, Cor. 2-lipped. Tube split on one side, Segments of upper lip with an auricle upon the
inner edge. Anthers cohering. Covering of stigma naked.
71. Samolus. Cor hypocrateriform, 5-cleft, with scales between the divisions. Stamens inserted into the
tube. Caps. 1-celled, 5-toothed, many-seeded.
472. Welleia. Cal 3-5-leaved, unequal. Tube split at end with a 2-lipped limb. Anthers distinct. Style un
divided. A gland between the two front stamens.
473, Scaevola.
1-secoed.
Nect.
7. Flowers monopetalous, superior. Seeds in a drupe or berry.

the tube divided lengthwise. Limb 5-cleft, lateral.
Cor. 1-petalous, with
Drupe inferior,
474. Caprifolium. Cal. 4-5-toothed or entire. Tube of cor. long, with a 5-cleft, regular, or 2-lipped limb.
Stamens length of cor. Stigma globose. Berry distinct, 3-celled, many-seeded.
475. Lonicera. Ca. 5-toothed. Cor. tubular, 5-cleft, irregular. Berry inferior, 2-3-4-celled, many-seeded.
,476. Symphoria. Cal 4-toothed. Cor. trifid, nearly equal. Berry crowned, 4-celled, 4-seeded, 2 cells some
times abortive.
477. Diervilla. Cal. oblong, 5-cleft. Cor.twice as long, funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, spreading. Caps, oblong,
4-celled, many-seeded.
478. Triosteum. Cal 5-cleft. Cor. scarcely longer, tubular, 5-lobed. Berry 3-celled, 3-seeded, inferior.
479. Caffa. Cal increasing, 5-toothed, teeth deciduous. Cor. hypocrateriform. Stamens above the tube.
Anthers sagittate.
2-seeded. Seeds with an arillus, on one side convex, on the other flat.
480, Chiococca. Cor funnel-sha
equal. Berry compressed, double, 2-seeded. Seeds oblong, compressed.
481. Serissa. Cor funnel-shaped, fringed at the throat, with segments of the limb 3-lobed. Berry 2-seeded.
482. Canthium. Cal 5-cleft. Cor. 5-cleft,
Style elevated. Stigma capitate. Berry coated,
2-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds on one side convex, on the other flat, with a longitudinal furrow. Prickly.
sychotria. Cal 5-toothed, crowning. Cor. funnel-shaped. Berry globose or oval. Seeds 2, furrowed,
-
w:
ny.
'.
Hamelia. Cor. 5-cleft Berry 5-celled, many-seeded. Racemes divided. Flowers 1-sided.
485. Posoqueria. Cal. turbinate. Cor. hypocrateriform, with a long cylindrical curved tube which is dilated
at end, with long narrow reflexed segments. Stamens exserted.
486. Vanguiera. Cor. campanulate, globose, with a hairy throat. Stigma of 2 lips. Berry apple-shaped,
4-5-celled, 4-5-seeded.
487. Gardenia. Segments of the call vertical or oblique. Cor. at first twisted, funnel-shaped, 5.9-cleft, with
a tube usually long. Style elevated. Stigma 2-lobed. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds in a double row.
488. Genipa, Cal. tubular or turbinate, entire. Cor hypocrateriform, with a large 5-parted limb. Anthers
sessile in the throat, exserted. Stigma clavate, entire, or simple. Berry large, fleshy, truncated at the end,
4s. Organibus. Cal. contracted at top. Cor. funnel-shaned, with a verv long rounded tube, and a 5-parted
limb, with very acute lobes.
Anthers exserted.
490. Randia. Cal 5-parted, with linear-lanceolate, twisted sepals. Cor hypocrateriform, tube not much
longer than calyx...Sti
2-lobed, with oblong unequal lobes. Berry half 2-celled, with an incomplete par
tition; crowned with the tubular calyx. Seeds many.
ORDER I.
491. Muss rnda.

4 rows.
Cor. funnel-shaped. Stigmas 2, thickish.
113
Berry oblong, 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds in
Stamens in the inside of the tube.
492. Pinckneya. Sepals unequal, one or two of them foliaceous. Cor. a long tube. Filaments in the base
of the tube. Caps. 2-valved, valves bearing the divisions in the middle.
493. Erithalis. Cal. urceolate. Cor. 5-parted, with recurved segments. Berry 10-celled, 10-seeded.
494. Webera. Cor. funnel-shaped, spreading. Stamens included. Stigma clavate. Berry rounded, two
celled.
495. Plocama. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor.

5-cleft. Berry 3-celled, with 1-seeded cells.
496. Morinda. Flowers collected in a globe above a spherical receptacle. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. funnel
shaped, 5-cleft, spreading. Berries aggregate, on account of their mutual compression angular.
497. Cephaelis. Flowers headed in an involucrum. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. tubular. Stigma 2-parted. Berry
2-seeded. Receptacle chaffy. Involucrum 1-5-leaved.
498. Sarcocephalus. Flowers in a naked head, 5-parted. Stigma clavate. Fruit united into a great fleshy
tessellated berry.
8. Flowers polypetalous, inferior. Seeds in a drupe, berry, or berried capsule.

499. Hirtella. Pet: 5.
Filam. very long, persistent, spiral.
Berry. 1-seeded.
Style lateral.
500. Triphasia. Flowers with their parts ternary. Stamens distinct. Anthers sagittate. Berry 3-celled
3-seeded.
501. Witis. Petals cohering at the end like a calyptra, withering. Berry 5-seeded.
502. Ampelopsis. Cal. entire. Petals cohering at the end, withering. Stigma capitate. Ovary immersed in
the disk, 2-4-seeded.
503. Rhamnus. Cal. campanulate, 4-5-cleft. Cor. scales protecting the stamens, inserted into the calyx.
Stigmas 1-2-5-cleft. Berry 3-4-seeded.
504. CEnoplia. Cal. urceolate, 5-cleft. Petals 5. No fleshy discus. Drupe juicy, 2-celled, one cell being
usually abortive, 1-seeded.
505. Paliurus. The flowers of Zizyphus. Styles 3. Drupe dry, 3-celled, surrounded by a membranous or.
bicular wing.
506. Zizyphus. Cal. spreading, 5-cleft. Petals 5. Discus fleshy, orbicular, surrounding the ovary. Styles 2.
Drupe with a 1 or 2-seeded nut. Flowers axillary.
Celastrus. Cor. 5 petals, spreading. Caps. 3, angular, 3-celled. Seeds with an arillus.
508.
Cal. very smail, 5-toothed. Cor. 5 petals. Caps. spherical, stalked, 2-valved, 4-seeded. Seeds
angular, naked.
' Euonymus. Pet. 5. Caps. 5-cornered, 3-celled, 3-valved, colored. Seeds with an arillus.
510. Ceanothus. Pet. 5, bagged, vaulted. Berry dry, 3-celled, 3-seeded.
511. Staavia. Flowers aggregate. Stamens inserted into the calyx. Styles 2, united. Berry 5-seeded,
coated. Receptacle chaffy, villous.
512. Pomaderris. Cal. turbinate. Petals arched, scale-like, sometimes none. Style 3-cornered. Stigmas 3,
capitate Caps of 3 papery divisions.
#"
513. Mangifera. Pet, 5., Drupe reniform.

514. Schrebera. Drupe dry, with a 2-celled nut. Nectary an elevated edge.
515. Billardiera. Petals 5, alternate with the sepals. Nectary O. Stigma simple. Berry many-seeded
516. Elaeodendrum. Sepals 5-10, with round concave scales. Cor. 5-parted. Segments ovate, lanceolate,
Nect. linear, subulate, petal-like. Drupe dry, with a 2 or 3-celled nut. Putamen thick, hard, fur
e.
row
517. Diosma.
c:
5-valved.
9. Flower polypetalous, inferior. Seeds in a capsule.

Cal. 5-parted. Petals and stamens inserted in the calyx. Nect. of 5 plaits.
Ovary crowned.
Each end with an elastic arillus.
18. Adenandra. Cal. 5-parted. Pet, and stamens inserted in the calyx. Stamens 10, of which every other
one is sterile. Anthers with a gland at end.
519. Baryosma. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 10, unequal, inserted in the receptacle. Nect a 5-lobed gland in
serted on the receptacle.
Agathosma. Cal. 5-parted. Petals 10, unequal, inserted in the calyx. Nect. 5-lobed, inserted in
-
calyx.
521. Nauclea. Cal. about 5-toothed. Cor. funnel-shaped. Caps. 3-cornered, 2-celled, many-seeded. Flowers
in a globose head upon a common pilose receptacle.
Pittosporum. Cal. deciduous. Petals 5, conniving in a tube. Caps. 2-5-celled, 2-5-valved. Seeds
''
p uipy.
Lasiopetalum. Cal 5-leaved. Petals minute, gland-like. Filaments 5, separate. Anthers opening by
two pores inwards. Stipules none.

524. Thomasia. Cal. persistent, veiny. Pet. 5, very small or O. Filam. united at base. Anthers opening
laterally. Stipules leafy.
525. Scringia. Cal. withering. Pet. O. Filam. 10, every other one barren. Anthers opening at their back.
Stipules small, deciduous.
26. Buttneria. Pet. 5. Nect. 5-leaved. Filaments inserted into the end of the nectary. Caps, of 5 divi
sions, muricated.
#. Ayenia. Cal. 5-parted. Pet. 5, connected at end into a star, with their claws slender, bent into the form
*Falves
a
Glands 5, stamen-shaped.
bifid.
Nectary cup-shaped.
Caps. depressed, 5-furrowed, 5-celled, 5-valved.
528. Calodendrum. Cal. 5-parted, short. Petals lanceolate, stalked. Stam. 5, sterile, petal-shaped. Caps.
5-angular, 5-celled, 5-valved, with 2-seeded cells.
529. Toddalia. Cal. 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stigma capitate. Caps berried, 5-celled. Cells 2-seeded.
530. Bursaria. Cal. inferior, 5-toothed. Pet. 5, linear. Stigma simple. Caps. cordate, compressed, 2-part
ible, 2-seeded. Seeds reniform.
531. Cedrela. Cal. withering. Cor of 5 petals, funnel-shaped, at base united 3 with the receptacle. Caps.
woody, 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds with a membranous wing.
532. Hovenia. Cal. 5-parted. Pet. 5, convolute. Stigma 3-fid. Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved. Cells 1-seeded.
533. Brunia. Flowers aggregate. Cal. superior, 5-parted. Filaments inserted into the claws of the petals.
Stigma 2-fid. Caps small, 2-celled.
534. Brossaea. Cal. fleshy, superior. Cor conical, truncated. Caps. 5-furrowed, 5-celled, covered by the
sistent calyx, with 5-fissures.
535. Itea. Cal. 5-cleft, campanulate. Pet. 5, linear, reflexed, inserted into calyx. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed.
Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved, with the valves bent inwards.
36. Cyrilla. Cal. very small, turbinate, 5-parted, superior. Pet. 5, stellate, stiffish. Styles 2-fid. Berry
dry, 2-celled. Seeds solitary, attached by a little cord.
537. Claytonia. Cal 2-valved. Pet. 5. Stigma 3-fid. Caps. 3-valved, 1-celled, 3-seeded.
538. Impatiens. Cal 2-leaved.
superior, 5-valved.
Pet. 5, irregular, with one cucullate.
Anthers at first subconnate.
Caps.
39. Sauvagesia. Pet. 5, fringed. Sepals 5. Nectary 5-leaved, alternate with the petals. Caps. 3-celled,
3-furrowed, 3-valved, with the edges bent inwards.
540. Viola. Sepals 5. Petals 5, irregular, connate behind. Anthers adhering at the end by a membrane, or
distinct. Caps. 3-valved, 1-seeded.
541. Ionidium. Sepals 5, produced at their base. Cor. 2-lipped, without a spur. Anthers usually distinct.
Stigma simple. Cops. 1-celled, 3-valved.
I
114
CLAss V.
10. Flowers polypetalous, superior.
542. Phylica,
Cal. 5-parted, turbinate.
Pet. O.
Scales 5, protecting the stamens.
Caps. 3-coccous,
inferior,
543. Plectronia. Cal. turbinate, 5-toothed, persistent, closed by 5 villous scales. Pet. 5, inserted in the throat
of calyx. Berry 2-celled, 2-seeded.
544. Conocarpus. Pet: 5 or O. Seeds naked, solitary. Flowers in heads.
545. Cyphia. Cal. 5-cleft, turbinate. Petals linear, dilated at base, connivent, spreading at end. Filaments
hairy, cohering. Anthers distinct. Stigma cernuous, hollow, gibbous.
-
546. Lightfootia. Sepals 5. Petals thin, bottom closed by stamen-bearing valves. Stigma 3-5-cleft.
Caps.
3-5-celled, 3-5-valved, *-superior.
547. Jasione. Flowers in heads. Common involucrum 10-leaved. Petals 5, erect. Anthers oblong, coher
ing at base.
Stigma bifid.
548. Lagoecia. Umbel simple. , Common involucre about 8-leaved, partial 4-leaved, finely pinnated. Cal
5-cleft, with many-cut fine segments. Petals 2-fid. Seeds crowned by the calyx.
549. Hedera. #. 5, oblong. Berry 5-seeded, surrounded by the calyx.
550. Ribes. Petals 5, and stamens inserted into the calyx. Style 2-fid. Berry many-seeded, inferior.
551. Gronovia. Petals 5, and stamens inserted into the campanulate calyx. Berry dry, 1-seeded, inferior.
11. Flowers incomplete, inferior.
552. Achyranthes. Sepals 5. Scales 5, connate at the base into a tube, at the end fringed and alternate with
the stamens. Stigma 2-fid. Seed solitary, crowned by the conniving sepals.
553. Philorerus.
5, irregular. Stamens 5, united at the base into a little cup shorter than the ovary.
Anthers 1-celled. Style 1. Utricle 1-seeded, without valves.
554. Desmochata. Sepals 5... Stamens 5, united at base with a very small cup with neither teeth nor chaft
between. Stigma capitate. Utricle 1-seeded.
555. Illecebrum. Sepals 5, vaulted at the end. Pet. O. Stigma simple or bifid. Caps. 5-valved, 1-seeded.
556. Alternanthera. Sepals 5. Stamens 5, united into a little cup, with or without intermediate teeth, one
or more of the stamens usually abortive. Anthers 1-celled. Stigma capitate.
557. Paronychia, Cal nearly 5-parted, colored inside. Scales or petals 5, linear. Style 2-fid. Stigmas 2.
Caps. 1-celled, 5-valved.
558. Chenolea. Cal. globose, fleshy, concave. Cor. O. Filam, inserted into the base of calyx. Stigmas 2,
spreading. Caps, round, depressed, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
559. Anychia, Cal. connivent, with oblong segments, bagged at the end. Pet. O. Filam distinct, with no
setae between. Stigmas 2, oblong. Caps an utricle, not opening. Seed l, reniform.
560. AErua. Sepals 5, with 2-3-bractea, oblong; on the outside white, hairy; inside smooth. Stamens 10,
alternately barren, inserted into a little cup at the base. Style larger, filiform. Stigma bifid.
561. Lestibudesia. Sepals 5. Stamens 5, united into a little cup without teeth. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary
many-seeded. Style short or none. Stigmas 3-4, filiform, recurved. Caps opening transversely.
562. Rhagodia. Flowers polygamous. , Perianth 5-parted. Stamens 5 or fewer. Style bifid. Grain de
pressed, fleshy, surrounded by the perianth.
-563. Deeringia. Perianth 5-parted. Stamens united at base into a small cup. Anthers 2-celled. Style
3-parted. Berry many-seeded.
564. Trianthema. Sepals oblong, colored inside. Stamens 5-10-12, with capillary filaments. Ovary half-su
perior. Style 1 or 2, filiform. Stigmas simple... Caps. oblong, truncate, cut round.
565. Celosia.
3, like a 5-petalous corolla. Stam. united at base by a plaited nectary. Caps. horizon
tally opening, style 2-3-cleft.

566. Gomphrend. Sepals 5, colored: outer 3 conniving, keeled. Pet. 5, rude, villous. Nect. cylindrical,
5-toothed. Caps, cut round, 1-seeded. Style half-bifid.
567. Mollia. Sepals 5. jet. 5, emarginate. Style simple. Caps. 3-cornered, 1-celled, 3-valved, many
seeded.
568. Glaur. Cal.

calyx.
1 leaved, colored, 5 lobed. Cor. O. Caps. 1-celled, 5-valved, 5-seeded, surrounded by a

12. Flowers incomplete, superior.
569. Thesium. Cal. 1-leaved, into which the stamens are inserted. Nect inferior, 1-seeded, surrounded by
the persistent calyx.
570. Heliconia. Spathes universal and partial. Cal. O.
Cor. 3 petals, superior.
Nect. 2-leaved. Stigma 1.
Caps, 3 celled, with 1-seeded cells.

571. Strelitzia. Spathes universal and partial. Cal. O. Cor. superior, 3 petals, the larger segments hastate.
Nect. 3-leaved, surrounding the stamens.
Stigmas 3. Caps. 3-celled.
Cells many-seeded.
co
Order 2.
DiGYNIA.
1. Flowers monopetalous, inferior.
&#.
5 Stamens,
2 Styles.
Fruit a follicle or capsule. (AscLEPIADE.E.)
572. Apocynum. Cor. campanulate. Filaments 5, alternate with the stamens. Style none. Stigma broad.
Follicles long, linear.
573. Melodinus, Cal. campanulate, 5-toothed. Cor. hypocrateriform. Limb spreading, with falcate, crenu
late segments. Corona 5-cleft, with short, stellate, torn divisions. Stigmas 2. Fruit a fleshy globose, 2-celled,
many-seeded berry.
574. Periploca. Anthers bearded at back. Pollen-masses solitary, made up of 4 confluent ones. Stigma
blunt. Follicles cylindrical, divaricating, smooth. Seed comose.
575. Cryptostegia. Cor funnel-shaped. Tube with two included bifid scales, alternate with the divisions of
the limb. Stamens included, inserted in the base of the tube. Filaments distinct. Anthers cohering with the
stigma by their base. Glands 5,
Pollen granular, simple.
76. Hemidesmus. Cor with 5 blunt scales under the sinuses. Anthers free from the stigma, simple at end.
Stigma blunt. Follicles cylindrical, much spreading, smooth. Seeds comose.
577. Secamone. Corona 5-leaved. Pollen-masses 20, smooth, erect, fixed by fours to the point of each cor
puscle of the stigma. Stigma contracted at end.
578. Microloma. Tube of cor inflated, angular, shorter than the limb. Scales inserted into the middle of
the tube below the sinuses. Anthers terminated by a membrane, sagittate. Pollen-masses compressed, pen
dulous. Stigma with a little point.
579. Sarcostemma. Cor. rotate. Pollen-masses pendulous. Stigma blunt. Seeds comose.
580. Darmia. Cor. rotate, with a short tube. Outer corona 10-parted, short. Pollen-masses pendulous,
compressed. Stigma blunt. Seeds comose.
Cor. rotate, 5-parted. Pollen-masses inflated. Stigma with a little point. Follicles
'
nancism.
smooth.
582. Oxystelma. Cor spreading, rotate, with a short tube. Columna exserted. Crown 5-leaved, with com
pressed, acute, undivided leaflets. Pollen-masses compressed, pendulous, fixed by a narrow end. Stigma
lunt.
Follicles smooth.
Seeds comose.
583, Gymnema. Cor. 5-cleft. Scales or little teeth of the orifice 5, inserted in the sinuses. Crown none.
Masses of pollen erect, fixed by the base.
Follicle slender, smooth.
ORDER II.
PENTAND RIA D1GYNIA.
115
584, Calotropis. Cor with an angular tube: the angles saccate inside. Crown with carinate leaflets, united
lengthwise to the tube of the filaments. Pollen-masses pendulous, fixed by the narrow end. Stigma blunt
585. Dischidia. . Cor. urceolate, 5-cleft. Corona with subulate, spreading, recurved segments. Pollen
masses erect, fixed by the base. Stigma blunt. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose.
586. Xysmatobium. Cor. 5-cleft, spreading. Corona 10-parted in a single row: the 5 divisions next to the
anthers fleshy, round, simple within, the 5 others small. Pollen-masses pendulous, with lax connecting pro
cesses. Stigma blunt.
587.
... Corona 5-leaved, the segments simple within. Pollen-masses compressed, pendulous,
fixed by a fine end. Stigma depressed, blunt. Follicles ventricose, covered with innocuous spines. Seeds
comose.
588. A
ias. Corona 5-leaved, with a process on the inside.
Pollen-masses fixed by a fine end.
Stigma
dep', blunt.
589. Gonolobus.
Cor. rotate, 5-parted.
Corona shield-shaped.
Anthers opening across, terminated by a
membrane. Stigma flat, depressed.

590. Pergularia, Cor. hypocrateriform, with an urceolate tube. Pollen-masses erect, fixed by their base.
Stigma blunt. Follicles ventricose, smooth. Seeds comose.
591. Marsdenia. Cor. urceolate, 5-cleft, sometimes rotate. Pollen-masses crect, fixed by the base. Follicles
smooth.
Seeds comose.
592. Hoya. Cor. 5-cleft. Pollen-masses fixed by the base, conniving, compressed. Stigma depressed, with
an obtuse wart.
Follicles smooth.
Seeds colnose.
593. Ceropegia. Outer corona short, 5-lobed; inner 5-leaved, with ligular undivided leaflets. Pollen-masses
fixed by their base with simple edges. Stigma blunt. Follicles cylindrical, smooth. Seeds comose.
594. Stapelia. Cor. rotate, 5-cleft, fleshy. Column of fructification exserted. Pollen-masses fixed by the
base. Stigma blunt. Folicies cylindrical, smooth. Seeds comose.
595. Piaranthus. Cor. fleshy. Outer corona none. Pollen-masses fixed by the base, with one edge cartila
ginous,'' Stigma blunt.
596. Huernia. Accessory segments of cor. tooth-like. Leaflets of the inner corona from a gibbous base su.
bulate, undivided, alternate with the outer segments. Pollen-masses fixed by the base, with one edge cartila
ginous, pellucid. Stigma blunt. Follicles cylindrical, smooth. Seeds comose.
597. Brachystelma. Cor. campanulate, with angular recesses. Column included. Crown 1-leaved, 5-cleft,
with the lobes opposite the anthers, simple at back. Anthers without a membrane at the end. Pollen-masses
erect, inserted by the base.
598. Caralluma. Cor. rotate, deeply 5-cleft.
of fructification exserted. Pollen-masses erect, fixed by
the base with simple edges. Stigma blunt. Follicles slender, smooth. Seeds comose.
-
2. Flowers monopetalous, inferior.
Fruit a capsule.
599. Sivertia. Caps of 1 cell. Cor wheel-shaped, with 2 nectariferous pores at the base of each segment.
600. Gentiana. Caps of 1 cell. Cor. tubular at the base, destitute of nectariferous pores.
601. Hydrolea. Caps, 2-valved, 2-celled. Cor. rotate, campanulate. Stamens inserted in the tube.
602. Falkia. Cal inflated, 5-parted, 5-angular. Cor. campanulate, emarginate, crenate. Styles spreading.
Stigma globose, woolly. Seeds 4, globose, with an arillus in the bottom of the calyx.
603. Dichondra. Cal 5-parted, with spatulate segments. Cor. short, campanulate, 5-parted. Stigma peltate,
capitate. Caps. compressed, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds round.
3. Flowers pentapetalous, inferior.
604. Velezia. Cal. slender, 5-toothed. Cor. of 5 small petals. Caps. 1-celled, at the end 4-valved. Seeds
many, attached to a filiform central
tacle.
605. Bumalda. Cal. 5-parted. Petals 5. Styles villous. Caps. 2-celled, with 2 bractes.
606. Heuchera. Petals 5. Caps. 2-celled, with 2 bractes.
607. Cussonia. Invol. O. Cal. 1-leaved, truncated, crenated. Pet. 5, oblong, acute. Fruit twin, 2-celled,
crowned by the calyx and styles.
608. Anabasis. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet. 5. Berry 1-seeded, surrounded by the calyx.
609. Salsola. Caps, closed, imbricated in the fleshy calyx. Seed with a spiral embryo.
-
610. Kochia. , Cal. 1-leaved, campanulate, in the fruit expanding into a leafy rim resembling 5 petals. Cor.
O. Sti
2-3, long.
611. Chenopodium.
Caps. 1-celled, 1-2-seeded. Sced incurved.

lenticular, truncated, superior.
612. Beta. Seed kidney-shaped, imbedded in the fleshy calyx.
613. Rosea. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. O. Berry 1-seeded.
614. Hermiaria. Caps, closed, membranous, invested with the calyx. Stam. with 5 imperfect filaments.
615. Ulmus. Caps closed, membranous, compressed, bordered, superior.
616. Planera. Cal membranous, subcampanulate, 4-5-cleft. or'O. Stigmas 2, oblong, glandular, spread
ing. Caps, globose, membranous, 1-celled, not opening, either smooth or scaly, not winged, 1-seeded. Stamens
4-6. Polygamous.
4. Flowers pentapetalous, superior.

617. Phyllis Cal.2-leaved. Pet. 5. Stigmas hispid. Seeds 2, oblong, fixed to a filiform axis.
5. Flowers pentapetalous, superior.
618. Coriandrum
Floral recept. none.
Seeds 2. (UMBELLIFER.E.)
A. Fruit of a single or double globe.

Fruit a single or double globe, smooth, without ribs. Cal. broad, unequal. Petals radiant.
B.
Fruit beaked.
619. Scandir. Beak much longer than the seeds, fruit somewhat bristly. Cal. none. Pet unequal, undi
vided.
Floral recept. 5-lobed,
620. Anthriscus.
Beak shorter than the seeds, even. Fr. rough, with scattered prominent bristles.
none. Petals equal, inversely heart-shaped. Fl. recept slightly bordered.

621. Chaerophyllum. Beak shorter than the seeds, angular. Fr. smooth, without ribs. Cal. none.
versely heart-shaped, rather unequal. Fl. recept. wavy.
C.
Cal.
Pet. in
Fruit solid, prickly, without a beak.
622. Eryngium. Fr. ovate, clothed with straight bristles. Cal pointed. Pet oblong, equal, inflexed, undi
vided. Fl. aggregate. Common recept scaly.
623. Sanicula. Fr. ovate, clothed with hooked bristles. Cal. acute. Pet lanceolate inflexed, nearly equal.
F1 separated, dissimilar.
624. Echinophora. Fr. ovate, imbedded in the enlarged armed receptacle. Seed solitary. Cal. spinous.
Pet inversely heart-shaped, unequal. Fl. separated.
625. Daucus. Fr. elliptic oblong, compressed transversely. Seeds with four rows of flat prickles, and rough
intermediate ribs. Cal. obsolete. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, unequal. Fl. separated.
626. Caucalis. Fr. elliptic oblong, compressed transversely. Seed with 4 rows of ascending, awl-shaped,
hooked prickles, the interstices prickly or rough. Cal. grooved, acute, unequal. Pet. inversely heart shaped,
unequal Fl. imperfect, separated.
627. Torilis.
Fr. ovate, slightly compressed laterally.

I 2
Seeds villous, rough, with scattered prominent,
1 I6
ascending, rigid prickles.
PENTANDRIA DYGYNIA.
Cal. short, broad, acute, nearly equal.
Class V.
Pet inversely heart-shaped, nearly equal.
Fl, united.
628. Oliveria. Leaflets of the involucres 3-parted. Umbels fascicled, as long as the involucres. Petals split
to the base. Fr. ovate, hispid, with three streaks.
629. Ledeburia. Involucres O. Fr. ovate, with spreading bristles. Bases of styles 2, conical, connate at base.
Styles persistent.
630. Myrrhis, Fr. deeply furrowed. Cal none. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, rather unequal. Fl. recept.
none. Flowers imperfectly separated.
631. Bunium. Fr. slightly ribbed. Cal. small, acute, unequal. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, equal. Fl.
recept none. Flowers imperfectly separated.
D. Fruit solid, nearly round, unarmed, without wings.
632. (Enanthe. Fr. ribbed, somewhat spongy. Cal. large, lanceolate, acute, spreading, unequal. Pet
inversely heart-shaped, very unequal. Fl.
dilated, depressed. Fl. separated.
633. Crithmum. Fr. ribbed, coriaceous. Cal. small, broad, acute, incurved. Pet. elliptical, acute, in
curved, equal. Fl recept none. Fl. united, all perfect.
634. Athamanta. Fr. ribbed, ovate, hairy. Styles short. Cal. lanceolate, acute, incurved. Pet. inversely
heart-shaped, broadly-pointed, equal. Fl. recept, none. Fl. imperfectly separated.
635. Pinpinella. Fr. ovate, ribbed, with convex interstices. Styles capillary, as long as fruit. Cal. none.
Pet inversely heart-shaped, nearly equal F1 recept none. Fl. either united or dioecious.
636 Phellandrium. Flowers fertile. Fruit crowned. Fruit ovate, smooth, crowned by the calyx and styles.
Involucres partial, not universal.
67. Do" in Umbels capitate. Involucre 6-leaved, longer than umbel. Petals entire. Fruit ovate, solid,
with 4 ribs, and convex intervals.
638. Trachyspermum. Leaves of involucre pinnatifid. Fruit striated, with 5 muricated ribs. Rudiments of
calyx 5. Fl. receptacle conical. Style withering.
639. Ammi Involucre pinnate or pinnatifid. Fruit oblong, with 5 obtuse ribs, and convex intervals.
64).
Involucres O. Fruit ovate, solid, hispid, or villous, with 5 ribs, and broadish bands of the inter
vals and raphe.
641. Cuminum. Involucres 5-leaved. Fruit ovate, prismatic, smoothish, bladdery, with 7 ribs, and bearded
":
intervals.
642. Seseli. Common involucre O; partial 5-leaved, sometimes 1-leaved.

ribs, and furrowed, striated intervals.
Fruit ovate, solid, with 5 acute
6:3. Thapsia. Fruit narrow, but little compressed, scarcely ribbed, with 2 dorsal and marginal wings.
644. Actinotus.
Umbel capitate.
with hermaphrodite.
645. Trinia.
Involucre woolly, very large. Cor. O. Cal. 5 sepals.
Male flowers mixed
Fruit ovate, villous, with 5 stripes, crowned by the calyx.
Flowers dioecious. Involucre few-leaved.
Pet, ovate, lanceolate.
Seeds roundish, with 5 ribs,
with the intervals once-banded.
E. Fruit solid, unarmed, without wings, compressed laterally, the diameter of its juncture being at least twice as
646. Sium.
narrow as the opposite diameter.

Fr. ovate or orbicular, ribbed, furrowed. Cal. small, acute, unequal, or obsolete. Pet inversely
Styles cylindrical, shorter than the petals, Fl. receptacle none. Fl uniform,
#"
or obovate, equal.
united
647. Sison. Fr. ovate or nearly orbicular, ribbed. Cal. obsolete or blunt. Pet elliptical or inversely heart
shaped, with an involute point, equal. Styles very short and thick. Fl. recept none. Fl. uniform, united.
648. Cicuta. Fr. nearly orbicular, heart-shaped at the base, with 6 double ribs. Cal. broad, acute, rather
unequal. Pet ovate or slightly heart-shaped, nearly equal. Style scarcely tumid at the base. Fl recept de
pressed, withering. F1 uniform, nearly regular, united.
649. Conium. Fr. ovate, with 10 acute ribs, wavy in an unripe state. Cal. obsolete. Pet inversely heart
shaped, slightly unequal. Styles a little tumid at the base. Fl. recept dilated, depressed, wavy, permanent.
FL slightly irregular, united.
650. Smyrnium. Fr. broadcr than long, concave at each side, with 6 acute dorsal ribs; interstices, convex:
Cal very small, acute. Pet, equal, lanceolate, incurved or inversely heart-shaped. Styles tumid and depressed
Fl. recept. none. El nearly regular, partly barren or abortive.
651. Apium. Fr. roundish, ovate, with 6 acute dorsal ribs; interstices flat. Pet, roundish, with an inflexed
point, very nearly equal. Styles greatly swelled at the base. Fl. recept thin, orbicular, wavy, Fl. nearly re
at the base.
gular, united
652. Egopodium. Fr. elliptic-oblong, with equidistant ribs; interstices flattish. Cal. none, Pet inversely
,
broad, a little unequal. Style ovate at the base, Fl. recept. none. Fl. united, all perfect, slightly
radiate.
653. Meum. Fr. elliptic, oblong, with equidistant ribs; interstices flattish. Cal. none. Pet obovate, with
point, equal. Styles tumid at the base, short, recurved. Fl. recept, none. Fl. united, all perfect,
an
#"
regular.
654. Anethun. Invol. none. Pet. involute, yellow. Seeds compressed, with 3 ribs; intervals once-banded.
655. Carum. Fr. elliptic, oblong, with equidistant ribs; interstices convex. Cal minute, acute, often obso
lete. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, unequal. Styles tumid at the base, subsequently elongated, widely spread
ing. Fl. recept angular, thin, wavy, permanent. Fl. separated, irregular.
656. Cnidium. Fr. ovate, acute, with equidistant sharp ribs; interstices deep, concave; juncture contracted.
Cal. none. Pet equal, obovate or inversely heart-shaped. Styles hemispherical at the base; subsequently
elongated, spreading, cylindrical. Fl. recept. annular, thin, undulated, erect, afterwards depressed. Flower
imperfectly separated, nearly regular.
657. Bupleurum. Fr. ovate-oblong, obtuse, with prominent, acute, abrupt ribs; interstices flat; juncture
contracted. Cal. none. Pet equal, broadish, wedge-shaped, very short, involute. Styles very short, not ex
tending beyond the circumference of their broad tumid bases. F1 recept. none. Fl. all perfect and regular.
658. Hydrocotyle. Fl. nearly orbicular, rather broader than long, angular, much compressed, juncture very
narrow. Cal. none. Pet equal, ovate, spreading, undivided. Styles cylindrical, shorter than the stamens, tu
mid at the base. Fl.
none, Fl. all perfect and regular.
650. Spananthe. Umbel simple, with few rays. Involucre few-leaved. Fruit ovate, solid, smooth, with the
juncture and sides contracted, and 5 ribs at the back.
660. Ulospermum. Involucre few-leaved., Germen oblong. Ribs of fruit membranous, wavy, curled. Caly:
scarcely any, Fl. receptacle flattened. Styles withering.
F. Fruit solid, unarmed, compressed transversely, the diameter of the juncture being much greater than the up
posite diameter.
661. AEthusa. Seeds ovate, convex, with 5 tumid, rounded, acutely keeled ribs; interstices deep, acute, an
gular; border none. Cal. pointed, very minute. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, rather angular. Fl. recept.
none, Fl. all perfect, slightly radiant.
662. Imperatoria. Seeds obicular, with a notch at each end, a little convex, with 3 prominent dorsal ribs,
and a dilated, flat, even border. Cal. none. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, very slightly irregular. FI, recept
none. Fl. all perfect, scarcely radiant.
663. Selinum. Scales elliptical, slightly convex, with 3 acute dorsal ribs, and a dilated, flat, even border.
Cal minute, pointed, spreading.
Pet inversely heart-shaped, involute, equal,
fect, regular, a few occasionally abortive.
Fl. recept. obsolete.
Fl. per
- -
ORDER V.
PENTAND RIA PENTAGYNIA.
117
664. Angelica. Seeds elliptic-oblong, convex, with 3 dorsal wings, and a narrow, flat, ovel. I'order. Cal.
none. Pet lanceolate, flattish, undivided, contracted at each end, equal. Fl. recept. thin, wavy, narrow, per
manent. Fl. all perfect,
665. Ligusticum. Seeds oblong convex, with 3 dorsal and 2 marginal equa wings. Cal. small, pointed,
erect, broad at the base. Pet. elliptical, flattish, undivided, contracted at each end, equal. Fl. recept. none.
Fl. all perfect, regular.
666. Hasselquistia. Involucres various. Flowers radiant. Fruit compressed at edge, flat, roundish. Bark
turgid in the circumference with 5 obtuse ribs. Fruit in the middle of the umbel deformed, navicular, torn at
edge, with 3 stripes at back.
667. Artedia. Fruit oblong, compressed, with the marginal wings sinuated, 5 dorsal ribs, and scaly juncture.
Flowers radiant. Involucres pinnatifid.
668. Ferula. Fruit compressed, flat, thickened at edge, with 3 obtuse dorsal ribs, and banded intervals and
1uncture. Flowers polygamous involucres various.
669. Laserpitium.
Fruit oval, somewhat compressed, with the 3 principal ribs acute, the secondarv winged.
Involucres many-leaved.
G. Fruit thin and almost flat, compressed transversely, without dorsal wings.
670. Peucedanum. Seeds broadly elliptical, with a notch at each end, a little convex, with 3 slightly promin
ent ribs, interstices striated, border narrow, flat, even, smooth, and entire. , Cal. pointed, ascending. Pet.
inversely heart-shaped, all very nearly equal., Fl. recept. none. Flowers regular, imperfectly separated.
671. Pastinaca. Seeds elliptic-obovate, with a slight notch at the summit, very nearly flat, with 3 dorsal ribs
and 2 marginal ones; border narrow, flat, thin, even, smooth, and entire. Cal. very minute, obsolete. Pet.
broadly lanceolate, involute, equal. Fl. recept. broad, orbicular, wavy, rather thin, concealing the calyx. Fl.
regular, uniform, perfect.
b72. Heracleum. Seeds inversely heart-shaped, with a notch at the summit, very nearly flat, with 3 slender
dorsal ribs, 2 distant marginal ones, and 4 intermediate, colored, depressed, abrupt lines from the top; border
narrow, slightly tumid, smooth, even, and entire. Cal. of 5 small, acute, evanescent teeth. Pet. inversely
heart-shaped, radiant. Fl. recept. wavy, crenate, obtuse. Fl. separated.
673. Tordylium. Seeds orbicular, nearly flat, roughish, without ribs; border tumid, wrinkled or crenate,
naked or bristly. Cal of 5 awl-sha
unequal teeth. Pet. inversely heart-shaped, radiant, variously unequal
and irregular. Fl. recept. none. Fl. separated.
674. Astrantia. Umbels fascicled. Involucres as long as umbels. Fruit oblong, surrounded by furrowed,
wrinkled, little bladders.
675. Zosimia. Both involucres many-leaved. Petals obcordate, with the little segment involute, acute
Fruit compressed, villous, thickened at edge, at the back with 4 bands, which are joint d and conniving.
H. Fruit with a coarse, corky, or spongy bark.
676. Rumia. Partial involucre, 3-8-leaved. Cal. 5-toothed. Petals ovate, incurved, with a short crenulate
segment. Seeds ovate, fleshy, rugose, scaly.
No involucre. Cal. O. Petals ovate, lanceolate, acute. Seed obovate, oblong, rounded,
smooth, fungous.
678.
Hippomarathrum.
Fruit with scaly, rough ribs, covered with a thick bark.
Order 3.
TRIGYNIA.
1. Flowers superior.
679. Viburnum. Cor. 5-cleft. Berry with 1 seed.
680. Sambucus. Cor. 5-cleft. Berry with 3 seeds.
2. Flowers inferior.
Cal 5-parted . Petals 5. Berry 1-seeded.
Cal. #-parted. Petals 6. Berry 3-seeded.
683. Spathelia. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5. Caps. 3-angular, 3-celled. Seeds solitary.
684. Staphylea. Petals 5. Caps. 2 or 3, inflated.
685. Tamarir. Pet. 5. Caps of 3 valves. Seeds numerous, feathered.
686. Turnera. Cal. 5-cleft, infundibuliform; the outer 2-leaved. Petals 5, inserted in the calyx.
many-cleft. Caps. 1-celled, 3-valved.
681. Rhus.
682. Cassine.
Stigmas
6. Brynis "Cal 5-toothed." Petals 5 caps cut round, 1-seeded.
ine
tra
Cal. 5-leaved.
Pet. 5 equal.
ps, superior, 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
Receptacle cen
'ee.
639. Telephium. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5, inserted in the receptacle. Caps. 1-celled, 3-valved.
690.
691.
692.
693.
Corrigiola. Pet. 5. Seed 1, naked, triangular.

Pharmaceum. Cal 5-leaved. Cor. O. Caps. 3-celled, many-seeded.
Portulacaria. Cal. 2-leaved. Petals 5. Seed 1, winged, 3-cornered.
Basella. Cal. O. Cor. 7-cleft; at length berried, with the two opposite segments larger than the rest.
*:::
Order 4. TETRAGYNIA.
604. Parnassia. Nectaries fringed with bristles bearing globes. Caps of 4 valves."
695. Evolvulus., Cal., 5-leaved. Cor, rotate, campanulate, with emarginate lobes. Styles 2, deeply bifid.
$tigma simple. Caps. 2-celled, 4-valved, 4-seeded.
Order 5.
PENTAGYN1A.
Seeds 2.
'#' 5 Stamens.
5 Styles.
1. Flowers superior.
696. Aralia. Involucre very small. Umbels globose. Cal. very small, 5-toothed. Petals 5, ovate, oblong,
spreading, or reflexed. Stigmas nearly round, 5-10. Berry roundish, crowned, 5-seeded. Seeds hard, oblong.
697. Actinophyllum. Cal. an entire rim. Cor. calyptrate, jumping off Stam. 5-6-8-9. Styles 4-7. Berry
with 7 angles and 7 cells. Seeds solitary, bony.
Flowers clustered.
2. Flowers inferior.
698.
690.
700.
701.
702.
Rochea. Cal. 5-parted. Cor funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Scales 5, at base of ovary. Caps. 5.
Crassula. Cal. 5-leaved. Pet. 5. Scales 5, nectariferous at base of ovary. Caps. 5.
Gisekia. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. O. Caps. 5, close together, roundish, 1-seeded.
Linum. Pet. 5. Capsule of 10 cells.
Drosera. Pet. 5. Caps of 3 valves, with
seeds,
"
118
PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
703. Commersonia. Cal. 1-leaved, bearing the cor.
Petals 5.
CLAss V.
Nectary 5-parted. Caps. 5-celled, echinate.
704. Rulingia. Petals 5, with a cucullate base. Sterile stamens 5, undivided. Ovary 5-celled. Caps with
double septa.
705.
#ia. Cal 2-leaved, entire, plaited, scarious. Petals 5. Seed 1, superior. Flowers in heads, with
a common many-leaved involucrum.
706. Statice. Cal.2-leaved, entire, plaited, scarious. Petals 5. Seeds 1, superior. Flowers scattered in a
panicled or spiked scape.
MONOGYNLA.
322. MIRA/BILIS. J.P.
1855 dichotoma W.
1856 Jalpa W.
A flva
alba
% rubro-lba
rubroviva
1857 hybrida iy, en.
1858 longiflra W.
S28. ABRO'NIA. Juss.
1859 umbellta J.
324. PLUMBAGO. J.W.
1860
JV.
eur'a
Manvel of Peau
forked
u_j
Common
; u-J oror
wellow-flowered
white-flow red
red and white
red and yellow
close-flowered
long-flowered
a
r
f
*
r
a
Abnown A.
umbelled
LeAnwont.
w: A el
L or
u J or
u_j or
u_j or
u , or
u-J or
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
'
jn.s
#:
Plumbagineae.
1868 corymbsum B. M. large-flowered * L-J or 4 mys

1869 parviflrum W.
small-flowered y: [O] w
1870 europae'um iv.
European
O or
1871 oblongifolium Lk. oblong-leaved
O or
1872chenopodioides Wen. Goose-foot
[O] or
1873 curassvicum W. glaucous
y:
or
1874 h(mile Lam.
dwarf
*.
or
1875 indicum iv.
Indian
O) or
1876 supinum W.
trailing
-* O or
326 MYOSOTIS. B. P. Scorpion-GRAss.
1877 scorpioides IV.
marsh
Y A w
1878 arvnsis W.
field
O w
1879 nma W.
dwarf
y A cu
1880 obtfisa W en.
obtuse-calyxed
A w
E.
rock
upright
1883 sylvtica Ehr.
wood
1850
W. Indies 15%.
W. Indies 1596.
R. r.m
R. r.m.
jns
R.w W. Indies 1596. R. r.m.
jns
R.Y. W. Indies 1596. R rim
jns
R.
......
1813. R. r.m
jn's
W
Mexico 1759. R. r.m. Ex-bot. 1. t. 23
Nyctaginee. Sp. 1.
lap.my R
Dalifornia 1823. D s-p Hook. ex. fl. 104
1882 stricta Lk.
Mexico 1640. R co Mart. cent. 1, t_l

W. Indies 1596. R. r.m. Bot. mag. 371
y: A or 3 so
1861 zeylnica W.
cingalese
* DJ or 2 aps, W
1862 rsea W.
Rose-colored ri. D. or 1.3 mr.jl R
1863 scndens W.
climbing
rt L or 3 jl.au
W
1864 tristis H. K.
dark-flowered ri-L or 11 my.jn Br
1865 capnsis W.
Cape
n- u or 14 n
B
1866 lapathiflia W.
Dock-leaved
ual or 12 jn.jl
W
3.25. HELIOTRO'PIUM. TuRNsole.
Boraginee.
1867 peruvianum W.
Peruvian
2. L. or 2 mys. Li
1881 rupicola E. B.
#. 4-5.
Nyctaginee.
jLau Y
Li
1 jls
* jn.o
W.
W.
jn.o W.
jn.jl
W.
#jnjl
W.
1 my.jn W.
1 jn.au B
jn.jl
W.
Boraginear.
2 apau B.Y.
1 ap.au B
jl
B
2 jn.jl
B
A or
O cu
Sr. A cu
1 jn.jl
2 jn.jl
B
B
B
# 711.
S. Europe 1596. C. p.
E Indies 1731. Sks.p
E. Indies 1777. Skr.m.
W. Indies 1699. Sks.p
C. G. H. 1792. C 1-p
C. G. H. 1818. C. l.p
Iberia
1822. Sks.p
Sp. 10-77.
Peru
1757. C. r.m.
Peru
1808. C. r.m.
W. Indies 1732. C. s.l.
S. Europe 1562. C. s.l.
S. Europe 1824. S. s.1
S. Amer. 1823. S
W. Indies 1731. C sl
S. Amer. 1752. C. s.l.
W. Indies 1713. S sp
Sp. 1029.
Britain
mea. D co
Britain dry fi. S co
Europe
... D co
Hungary 1815. D co
Scotland al.roc. D co
Germany 1822. S co
Europe 1823. D co
Bot. mag. 2130

Rhed mal. 10.t.8
Bot. mag. 230
Slo.im.1.t.133.f.1
Bot, reg. 417
Bot mag. 141

Bot. mag. 1609
1)ilel. t. 146.f. 175
Jac. aust.3, t-zu7
''
Mrs.11. t.31.f.12
Plum, ic. 227. f.2
Plk.phyt:45, f4
Goua.m.17.c-tab
Eng bot. 1973
Eng.: bot. 480
Hac. pl. al..t.2 f
Plrar.hu.1.t 100
Eng bot. 2559
Fl. dan. 583
1860
IIistory, Use, Propagation, Culture,
322. Mirabilis, is a Latin word, signifying something wonderful or admirable; and applied with some
reason to this, the most fragrant of flowers. Clusius called it Admirabilis. We from the same cause call it
Marvel of Peru. The French botanists still call the genus by Van Royen's name, Nyctago; derived from ru,
night, and ago, to act, on account of the flowers expanding at night. M. dichotoma is called the four-o'clock
flower in the West Indies, from the flowers opening regularly at that time of the afternoon. M. jalapa is a very
ornamental plant in warm borders. When cultivated, it sports into many agreeable varieties. It flowers
best when treated as a tender annual, and then planted out; but if sown at once in the open air, it will flower
late in the season in favorable summers. Its large tuberous roots, if taken up and preserved during winter like
those of Dahlia, or even covered well with litter in the open garden, will flower perennially. The powder of
these roots washed, scraped, and dried, is one of the substances which form the jalap of druggists.
323. Abronia. Derived from 28:24, delicate. The little plant produces flowers surrounded by an involucrum
of a charming rose color.
324. Plumbago. Pliny says this plant was so called from plumbum, because it possessed the power of curing
a disorder in the eyes called by that name,which appears to have been the same as what we call cataract. There
O.RDER VI.
PENTANDRIA
Order 6,
POLYGYN1A.
POLYGYNIA.
''
119
5 Stamens. Many styles.
707. Myosurus. Pet. 5, with tubular honey-bearing claws. Seeds naked. Cal spurred at the base.
708. Ceratocephalus. Cal. 5-leaved, persistent. Petals 5, with a honeypore at base covered by a scale. Seeds
several, naked, attached to a bearded receptacle.
709 Amthorhiza, Cal. O. Petals 5. Nectaries 5, stalked. Caps. 5, 1-seeded.
710. Sibbaldia. Cal 10-cleft. Petals 5, inserted in the calyx. Styles from the side of the ovary. Seeds 5.
MONOGYN.I.A.
1855 Flowers sessile crect axillary solitary
1856 Flowers clustered stalked,
ves smooth
1857 Flowers clustered somewhat stalked, Tube of cor. 4 times as long as limb, Leaves cordate smooth
1858 Flowers clustered sessile, Leaves pubescent
1859 The only species, resembling Primula farinosa. Very beautiful
1860 Leaves stem-clasping lanceolate rough, Stem erect
1861 Leaves stalked ovate smooth, Stem filiform
1862 Leaves stalked ovate smooth somewhat toothed, Stem with swollen joints
1863 Leaves stalked ovate smooth, Stem flexuose climbing
1864 Leaves obovate retuse smooth
1865 Leaves stalked oblong entire glaucous beneath, Stem erect

1866 Leaves stem-clasping lanceolate smooth, Stem divaricating
1867 Leaves lanceolate ovate, Stem shrubby, Spikes numerous aggregate corymbose
1868 Leaves oblong lanceolate, Stem shrubby, Spikes terminal aggregate corymbose, Sepals long subulate
1869 Leaves ovate rugose scabrous opposite and alternate, Spikes in pairs
1870 Leaves ovate entire tomentose rugose, Spikes in pairs
1871 Leaves stalked oblong obtuse entire rough with scattered hairs
1872 Leaves lanceolate glaucous smooth
veined opposite and alternate, Spikes in pairs
1873 Leaves linear lanccolate glaucous smooth opposite and alternate, Spikes in pairs or compound
1874 Leaves ovate lanceolate villous, Spikes solitary lateral stalked
1875 Leaves cordate ovate subserrate rugose, Spikes terminal simple solitary, Stem herbaceous
1876 Leaves ovate entire tomentose plaited, Spikes solitary and in pairs
1877 Cal 5-toothed smoothish, Teeth nearly equal obtuse as long as the tube of cor. Leaves lanceolate obtuse
smooth, Limb of cor more than twice as long as cal.
-
1878 Stem hairy, Calyx with dense spreading hairs hooked at the end
1879. Seeds smoothish sawed at edge, Stem simple few-flowered and oblong, Leaves villous
1880 Stem nearly sim. with lanc. nearly acute somew, repand Ivs. hispid, Sp. in pairs somew, corym. Cal very obt.
1881 Seeds naked, Radical leaves
Racemes without bractea, Hairs of calyx spreading.
1882 Stem diffuse, Branches and flower-stalks much shorter than cai Leaves oblong ovate obtuse upright
1883 Cal spreading 5-parted, Segments unequal acute, Hairs long downy
1881
is also a modern reason for the application of the name to this genus. P. europaea is called toothwort, and dente
laire, Fr., from its curing the tooth-ach, for which pu
e the bruised root is chewed, when it excites by its
causticity a healthy salivation, but stains the teeth of a lead color. The species are all pretty, easily cultivated,
and almost always in flower.
325. Heliotropium.
From #Auer, the sun, and retra', to turn. Both Pliny and Dioscorides assert that the
flowers are always turned towards the sun. It was called Verrucaria by the Latins, because the juice of the
leaves mixed with salt was said to be excellent in removing warts, verruca. H. peruvianum and europaeum
are popular plants, with the smell of new hay: the former is rather tender; but both keep flowering
most of the summer months.
Curtis recommends keeping H. peruvianum in a stove during winter.
326. Myosotis. So named from wz, a rat, and #, dros, an ear. Its oval velvety leaves are like the ear of a
rat or mouse. M. scorpioides, Forget-me-not, has its specific name from the racemes of flowers, which, when
young, bend in at the top like a scorpion's tail. It is a well known sentimental flower, will grow any where, and
varies more than most plants with situation. On dry walls and rubbish, it is dwarfish, rough, and hairy, not
rising when in flower more than two or three inches; in muddy ditches it is smooth all over, of a shining light
1884 suavolens Poir.

sweet-scented Sy A or
scattered
O or
1885 sparsiflra Mik.
O or
1886 pedunculris Trev. stalked
527. ECHINOSPER''MUM. Sw. EchixospenMuw.
1887 virginianum P. S. Virginian
Sy Q) or
colnmon
O or
1888 Lappula P.S.
squarrose
O or
1889 squarrsum P. S.
bearded
O or
1890 barbatum Lehm.
328. MAT"TIA. Sch.
1891 umbellata Sch.
1892 lanta Sch.
MAttia.
umbelled
Sy A or
woolly
y: LAU or
320. TIARIDIUM. Lehm. TianidiuM.
Indian
uCJ or
1893 indicum Lehm.
530. LITHOSPER/MUM. IV. Groxiwell.
officinal
Y
1894 officinle W.
corn
1805 arvnse W.
small
1896 pulum W.
1897 purp-caerleum W. creeping

shrubby
1808 fruticsum W.
A
O
O
* A
cu
w
cu
or
.*
or
1810 distichum P. S.
two-rowed
1900 tenuiflrum W.
1901 disprmum W.
slender-flower'd
1902 orientle W.
1903 canscens Lehm.
two-seeded
rellow
oary
LA or
O or
O or
A or
or
#A
3.31. BAT SCHIA. Mich. Batschia.

Gmelin's
1904 Gmelini Ph.
1905 longiflra Ph.
Sy A or
long-flowered St A or
ONoswa.
1332. ONOS M.A. W.
1906 simplicissimum W. linear-leaved Y. A or
1907 taricum H. K.
golden-floweredy A or
oriental
sy LA] or
1908 orientle W.
1909 echioides W.
hairy
sy A or
1910 sericeum W.
silky-leaved
1911 arenrium W. K. Sand

1912 trinervium Lehm. three-nerved
3.33. ANCHU'S.A. W.
1913 paniculta W.
1914 capnsis W.
1915 officinlis W.
1916 ochroleuca Bieb.
B itlica W.
1917 angustiflia W.
1918 Barrelieri Dec.
1919 rupestris R. Br.

1920 undulta Jy.
1921 tinctria W.
1922 sempervirens W.
1923 Milleri JV, en.
CLAss V.
120
*jn.jl
B
Hungary 1823.
1 my.jn B
S. France 1822
13 myjn B
Astracan 1824.
Boraginee. Sp. 4-16.
2 Jn.jl
W
"irginia 1609.
1 ap.au B
Europe 1656.
2 apau B
Siberia
1802.
11 jn.jl
B
Tauria
1823.
Boraginee. Sp. 2-4.
1 myjn R
1822.
2 jn
Pk
Levant
1800.
Boraginee. Sp. 13.
1 jn.jl
B
W. Indies 1820.
Plk phyt.245.f4
Eng. bot. 134
Eng. bot. 123
Col. ecph.l. t. 185
Eng: bot. 117
Barr. ic. 1168
Jac.ic. 2. t. 313
Linn dec. 1. t. 7
Bot mag. 515

Mich.am. t. 14
Boraginee. Sp. 24.

*my.jl Y
Carolina 1812.
* myji Y
Missouri 1812.

Siberia
1768.
Caucasus 1801.
Levant
1752.
Y A or
sy A or
Y
Y
Y
W.
Y
Y
y AJ or
S. Amer.
...
S. Europe 1683.
Levant
1752.
Hungary 1804.
1824.
Bot mag. 2248
Bot mag. 889
Jac. aust. 3. t.295
Lehmic.asp.t-10
W.et. K. hut-'79
Lehm. ic.asp. t. 9
Boraginee. So. 11-50.
Sy
w
y:
pale-flowered Sy
Italian
Y
narrow-leaved y.
Barrelier's
*
rock
SY
O or
(C) or
A or
A or
CD or
A or
A or
A or
waved-leaved
A or
A or
Common
pink
Plrar.hun. t. 148
Ann.mus.10t-37
Boraginee. Sp. 1035.

2 my...au Y
ch.hil.
2 my.jn W.
Britain corfi.
* jn.jl
Y
S. Europe 1768.
1 my
Pu
England ch. so.
2 my.jn B
S. Europe 1683.
11 my.jn W
Cuba
1806.
* my:jn B
Egypt
1796.
*jn.jl
B
Spain
1790.
2 jn.jl
Y
Levant
1713.
1 jn.jl
Y
N. Amer. 1823.
Bugloss.
evergreen
M. h. s.11.t50 fo
Fl. dan. 692
1 apjn
* apjn
my.jn
mr.jn
*jn.jl
1 apjn
panicled
Cape
dyer's
#Y
A or
3. A or
2 my.jn
* jl
2 jn.o
2 jlau
4 jno
2 myjn
2 myjn
* jl
2 jn.au
13 jno
my.jn
* myjn
'
B
B
Pu
1777.
C. G. H. 1800.
Britain
sea co,
Pa.Y.
R. Pu
Pu
B
M. Caucas. 1810.
S. Europe 1597.
S. Europe 1640.
S. Europe 1820.
Siberia
B
Pu
B
Pk
'
1802.
1752.
Montpel. 1596.
Britain
rub.
Levant
1713.
F1 graec. 163
Bot rep. 336
Eng, bot 662
Bot mag. 1608
Bot reg. 483
Bot mag. 1897
Bot mag. 340
P.i.3.a.71. t. E.f.3
Bot mag. 2119

Bot rep. 576
Eng, bot. 45
->
1893
1002

green, and two or three feat high. In common soils, as in a garden or loamy corn-field, it assumes an inter
mediate character. Linnaeus considers the plant as deadly to sheep. In gardens it does well in pots in the
shade, or treated as a bogsplant, than which few better deserve the name of pretty.
327. Echinospermum. Named by Lehmann from *xrvor, a hedgehog, and arrieux, seed, the seeds being
very prickly, by which character, and their being compressed, not depressed, and the bractea of the inflores
cence, the genus is principally distinguished from Myosotis and Cynoglossum.
3:8. Mattia. A genus divided by Professor Schultes from Cynoglossum, with which it agrees in general
character. Named after some unknown botanist.
3.29. Tiaridium. From raga, an episcopal head-dress, and 325,
between its seeds and a mitre. Three species have been described,
similar; on account of the resemblance
of which one is the H. indicum of Linn.,

a plant of no beauty or merit.
330. Lithospermum. From 21.9%, a stone, and arrison, seed, the seeds being hard and shining, like little
pebbles. I. officinale has stony, brittle, egg-shaped nuts, exquisitely polished, grey or yellowish ; and being
considered like a stone, were for that reason used as a cure for the disease so named. The bark of L. arvense
abounds with a deep red dye, which stains paper, linen, &c. and is easily communicated to oily substances,
like the alkallet root, and hence is called bastard alkanet. The country girls in the north of Sweden stain
their faces with the root on days of festivity.
-
ORDER I.
121
'
1884 Stem nearly

hispid, Leaves lanc. acute hairy ciliated at base, Cal. very spreading
1885 Stem branched diffuse, Lvs. lanc. acute hispid, Racemes simple elongated, Flow. very remote, Cal. acute
1886 Stem branched, Leaves obovate obtuse mucr. Fl-stalks in fruit much spreading thickened under calyx
1887 Seeds all over prickly, Leaves ovate oblong, Racemes divaricating
1888 Seeds with a double row of marg. prickles, Lvs. lanc. with incumb hairs, Limb of cor. camp. longer than cal.
1889. Seeds with a single row of marginal prickles, Leaves obl. obtuse with spreading hairs, Cal as long as cor.
1890
:doub row of very short mar. prickl. Lvs. lanc. with incum. hairs, Cor.twice as long as cal. with
s:
'
a flat lim
1891 Stam. as long as cor. Segments of cor. obtuse, Racemes terminal umbelled, Leaves hoary
1892 Cal woolly, Limb of cor. acute deeply 5-cleft, Racemes cernuous
1893 Stem herbaceous crect hairy, Leaves ovate cordate acute hairy, Tube of cor twice as long as calyx
1894. Seeds smooth, Cor. scarcely longer than calyx, Leaves lanceolate acute veiny
1895 Leaves lanceolate linear strigose, Cal the length of cor. spreading in fruit
1896 Leaves linear lanceolate acute, Spikes terminal 1-sided, Bractes lanceolate, Seeds muricated
1897. Seeds smooth, Cor. much longer than cal. Leaves lanceolate acute at each end, Stem herbaceous
1898 Leaves linear hispid revolute at edge, Stamens as long as corolla
1899 Seeds smooth, Cor.twice as long as cal. Lvs. obl.lanc. acute, Spikes leafy distichous term. and axillary
1900 Leaves linear lanceolate strigose, Cal. as long as tube of cor. in fruit conniving
1901 Seeds smooth, Cal. spreading incurved, Leaves linear
1902 Flower branches lateral, Bractes cordate stem-clasping
1903 Stem nearly simple villous, Leaves oblong obtuse hoary, Tube of cor twice as long as calyx
1904 Hairy, Floral leaves ovate, Cal. long lanceolate
1905 Silky, Leaves linear, Cal. long linear, Corolla crenate, Tube long
1906 Hirsute, Hairs prost. scattered, Fl.-stems simp. aggregate, Lvs. lin. acute, Anthers shorter than filaments
1907 Flowers ventricose, Fruit erect, Leaves lanceolate hispid, Hairs stellulate
1908 Flowers cylindrical acute, Fruit pendulous, Leaves linear hairy
1909 Hispid, Hairs erect scattered, Stem branched, Leaves lanceolate, Anthers as long as filaments
1910 Silky, Hairs prostrate very minute, Stems branched, Leaves spatulate, Anthers as long as filaments
1911 Flowers clavate
Leaves oblique the lower lanceolate obtuse, Fruit erect, Seeds smooth
1912 Stem simple leafy, Leaves inear lanceolate very long acute 3-nerved above hispid beneath closely hairy
1913 Leaves lanceolate strigose entire, Panic. dichotomous divar. Flower stalked, Cal. 5-parted subulate
1914 Leaves lanceolate callous villous, Racemes trichotomous
1915 Leaves lanceolate strigose, Spikes 1-sided imbricated, Cal. as long as tube of corolla
1916 Leaves linear-lanceolate coarsely dotted hispid, Calyx in fruit camp. nodding
1917 Racemes nearly naked in pairs
1918 Leaves oblong entire narrowed at both ends with the simple stem hispid, Peduncles trifid
1919 Leaves linear lanceolate villous, Racemes alternate
1920 Strigose, Leaves linear toothed, Stalks less than bractea, Cal. in fruit inflated
1921 Leaves oblong, Bractes longer than the 5-parted calyx, Valves of corol. shorter than stamens
1922 Leaves ovate strigose, Racemes somewhat capitate in pairs leafy, 2-leaved at base, Cal 5-cleft
1923 Leaves obl. toothed hispid the lower stalked the upper sessile, Flowers single lateral, Stems diffuse
A 1906
.
1915
<\
a 1922
-
331. Batschia. Named in honor of John George Batsch, a German professor of botany in the university of
Jena, in the latter part of the last century. His works upon Fungi are still quoted. The three species known
are natives of North America, and are very pretty plants.
332. Onosma. An ancient name, the origin of which, from over, an ass, and ***.smell, as being a plant with
flowers grateful in their smell to asses, is not very certain. What was intended by Pliny and Dioscorides as
Onosma
been
satisfactorily
ascertained.
It was
undoubtedly
a plant isof not
thiseasily.
family.Preserve:
This genus
in its
wild
statehasis not
found
chiefly
on rocks;
and, like most
temporary
rock-plants,
otherwise
than on dry walls, heaps of rubbish, or artificial rock-work. The species are pretty, and all have yellow flowers.
333. Anchusa. Derived from 2%avra, paint. In early times, the root of A. tinctoria was used for staining
the features when more delicate colors were unknown. The English name Bugloss has been formed from er,
an
ox, and 222ara,
tongue,
in allusion
to the long
nearlyare
allied
in qualities
to Borago.
The tubea of
the corolla
is melliferous,
andrough
very leaves.
attractiveA.toofficinalis
bees; theisleaves
juicy,
and the
roots mucilaginous, and used in China for promoting the eruption of the small-pox. A. tinctoria is cultivated
in the south of France for the roots, which communicate a fine deep red to oils, wax, and all unctuous sub
stances, as well as to spirits of wine. It is used chiefly by the apothecaries for coloring plaisters, lip-salves, &c.
and by vintners for staining the corks of their port wine bottles, or for coloring and flavoring the spurious
compounds sold as port wine.
122
S34. SYM/PHYTUM. W. CoMFREY.

1924 officinle JV.
Conninon
g patens Sibth.
spreading
2 bohmicum Sch.
red-flowered
1925 tubersum W.
tuberous
1926 orientle W. en.
1927 tauricum W. cn.
blistered
1928 asprrimum H. K.
roughest
1929 cordtum W.
eastern
heart-leaved
3.35. ONOSMODIUM. Mich.
1930 hispidum M.
1931 mlle M.
1932 officinle Jy.
A
A
A
A
A
a
sy A
A
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
ONosylodium.
Virginian
A or
A or
Hound's-toNGue.
Common
O) or
soft
336. CYNOGLOS'SUM. W.
1933 sylvticum E. B.
1934 pictum W.
1935 amplexicale Ph.
*
*
A
*
reen-leaved
Madeira
# 3.
y:
or
stem-clasping
A
1936 cheiriflium W.
silvery-leaved Sy O or
1937 apenninum W. en. Apennine
OD
1938 hirsutum Jy.
hirsute
CLAss V.
Poraginee. Sp. 6-10.

4 my.jl W
wet.pl D co
4 my.jl Pk Britain wet.pl. D co
3 my.jl R
Bohemia
...
D co
4 myo Y
Scotland m.s.pl. D co
3 my.jl W
Turkey 1752. D co
3 my.jl W.
Tauria
1806. D co
4 mys. R.B. Caucasus 1799, D co
2 my.jl Y
Transylv. 1813. D. s.l.
Boraginee. Sp. 2-3.
1 jn
Y
# Amer. 17 D. s.l.
* jn.au W
N. Amer. 1812. D s.1
2 jn.jl
P.R.
ritain
rub. S co
3 jn.jl
B
Britain sha, la. S co
2 au
L.B
Madeira
2
1
6
1
N. Amer. 1812. D. p.l
Levant
my.jl
jn.jl
apji
jl.au
1658.
Eng bot. 817

Eng bot. 1502
Bot mag. 1912
Bot mag. 1787
Bot mag. 929
Pl. rar. hung. t 7
M.h.3.s.11.t.28f3
Mich. amer. t. 15
Eng. bot. 921
Eng bot. 1642
Bot. mag. 2134
1596. S co
R
Italy
1731. D co Col. ecph.1. t. 70
L.B. C. G. H. 1806. S co Jac. Schn.t.489
1939 glomertum Fraz clustered

3. A .
N. Amer. 1812. D co
337. OMPHALO/DES. Lehm. VENUs NAvel-wont. Boragineae. Sp. 3-10.
1940 vrna Lehm.
blue
y: A el
1 mrap B
1633. D co
1941 liniflia Lehm.
common
O or 1 jn.au W
Portugal 1648. S co
1942 nitida Lehm.
shining
Sy A or 3 ap.jn W
Portugal 1812. D co
338. PULMONARIA. J.W. LUNGwon't.
Boragineae. Sp. 10-19.
1943 angustifolia. W.
narrow-leaved
A or
*ap.my V
m woods. D p.1
1944 officinlis W.
Connnon
A or 1 my
Pk
England woods. D p.1
1945 davurica Fisch.
Daurian
A or 1 my
Li
Dauria
1812. D s.l.
1946 paniculta W.
panicled
A or 14 my.jn L.B Hud. Bay 1778. D. p.1
1947 lanceolta Ph.
spear-leaved
A or 1 my.jn Pu Louisiana 1813. D. s.l
1948 virginica W.
Virginian
A or 11 mr.my B
N. Amer. 1699. D p.1
-
1949 sibirica W.
1950 maritima E. B.
1951 mllis Wulf.

1952 azrea Bess.
S39. CERIN'THE. J.W.
Siberian
A or 3 in-ji
sea
A or
soft
1953 mjor W.
1954 aspera W.
great
rough
1955 minor W.
1956 maculta W.
small
340. BORA'GO. W.
1957 officinlis W.
1958 orientlis JV.
1959 laxiflra B. M.
1960 crassiflia Vent.
or
or
or
or
cul
or
or
or
3
2
1
2
St A or
HoNeywort.
O
O
O
Sy O
spotted
Borage.
common
oriental
bell-flowered
thick-leaved
O
A
O)
A
341. TRICHODES'MA. R. Br. TrichopesMA.

1961 indicum R. Br.
Indian
O
1962 africanum R. Br.
African
O
1963 zeylnicum R. Br. Ceylon
[O]
H.& L.f.p.1. t.23

Eng. bot. 162:
Eng. bot. 118
Bot mag. 1743
Bot mag. 2680
Bot mag. 160
N. Amer. 1801. D sl G. sib:4n.15t:39
* jn.jl
B
Britain seash. D. s.p
ap.my B
N. Amer. 1805. D co
11 apjn B
Poland
1823. D co
Boraginee. Sp. 4-6.
3 jl.au Y.P.
France 1596. S co
2 jLau Y.P. S. France 1633. S co
11.jn.o
Y
Austria 1570. S co
2 jn.o
Y.R. S. France 1804. S co
A or
sky-blue
Pu
Bot mag. 7

jn.s
B
ngland
mr.my B
Turkey
my...au B
Corsica
jn.jl
Pk
Persia
rub.
1752.
1813.
1822.
Eng. bot. 368

Bot. mag. 2422
Bot mag. 333

Fl graec. t. 170
Jac. aus. 2. t. 124
S
D
C.
C.
co
co
s.l.
s.l.
Eng bot. 36
Bot reg. 288
Bot mag. 1798
Went cels, 100
co
Pl. al.30 t. 76 f.5

Is. ac, p.1718 t. 11
Jac. ic. 2. t. 314
Boraginee. Sp. 3-4.

1 jn.o
E. Indies 1759.
1, ji.au
11 jl.au
C. G. H. 1759. S co
E. Indies 1799. S Co
IIistory, Use, Propagation, Culture,
334. Symphytum. Named from routvris, a union or junction, the plant having for a long time passed for a
famous vulnerary. The French name for the plant, Consoude, has the same meaning; but that of the English
term Comfrey is obscure. S. officinale abounds in mucilage, and may be substituted for Althaea officinalis.
All the species are large, coarse, but showy shrubbery plants, flowering for two or three months together, and
S. asperrimum the whole season.
335. Onosmodium. From Onosma and w80s, similar to Onosma; from which it is not very different either
in habit or characters.
'.
3.36. Cynoglossum. From zvan zuver, a

and arra, a tongue. Its long soft leaves have been compared
to the tongue of a dog. C. officinale smells like mice, was considered anti-scrophulous, and is disliked by cattle.
337. Omphalodes. From owraxx, a navcl, and tu%x, resemblance; the round seeds, which are depressed in
the centre, may be compared to a little navel; for the same cause it is called Navelwort in English. O. linifolia
is a common border annual. O. vorna is a beautiful little plant with blue flowers, like the Forget-me-not, peep
ing from among the snow in every cottager's garden in the early spring.
338. Pulmonaria. Derives its name, some say, from the s appearance of the leaves resembling dis
eased lungs; but others think that its name has arisen from the plant having been used with success in pulmo
nary complaints; whence also, perhaps, the English name Lungwort. It must not, however, beinferred from
ORDER I.
123
1924 Leaves ovate lanceolatedccurrent
1925 Leaves ovate oblong narrowed at base the lower stalked, Segments of flower very short obtuse
1926 Leaves ovate obl. narr at base hairy the lower stalked the flor opp. sess. Cal. spread. Segm. of fl. acute
1927 Leaves cordate ovate hairy stalked the floral opp. sess. Segments of flower obtuse, Stem branched
19:8 Lvs. cord ovate or lanc. acumin. stalked very rough, Stem muric, with reversed bristles, Limb of fl. camp.
1929 Leaves cordate ovate acuminate hairy, floral sessile nearly opposite, Stem simple
1930 Hispid, Leaves oval lanceolate

Segments of cor. very acute
1931 Hoary, Leaves oblong about 3-nerved, Segments of cor. oval
''. hoary on each side sessile close together, Seeds warted

1933 Leaves spatulate lanceolate shining nearly naked scabrous beneath
1932 Leaves broad lanceolate
1934 Leaves lanceolate tomentose the upper obovate lanceolate cordate stem-clasping, Sepals ovate
1935. Very hairy, Leaves oval the upper stem-clasping, Corymb. terminal leafless on a long stalk
1936 Leaves villous, Cal. hairy, Stamens longer than corolla
1937 Stamens longer than corolla, Cal. villous, Radical leaves ovate stalked very large
1938 Leaves lanceolate villous, Seeds with hooked prickles
1939 Leaves spatulate obtuse, Flowers heaped
1940 Radical leaves ovate cordate, Cauline ovate stalked, Shoots creeping
1941 Leaves linear lanceolate smooth roughish with little teeth at the edge, Seeds urceolate rugose
1942 Leaves obl.lanc. nerved smooth and shining above pubesc, beneath the lower on long stalks the upper scsa.
1943 Cal. length of the tube of the cor. Leaves oblong lanceolate the radical sessile cauline stalked
1944 Cal length of the tube of the cor. Radical leaves ovate cordate scabrous cauline ovate sessile
1945 Cal. short 5-parted hispid, Radical lvs. ovate cordate stalked, cauline half stem-clasping, Flowers panicled
''
1946 Cal. short 5-parted hispid, Leaves ovate oblong acuminate

1947 Smooth erect, Radical leaves on long stalks lanceolate, cauline linear oblong, Flowers panicled, Cal. short
1948 Cal. much shorter than tube of cor which is longer than limb, Radical leaves ovate elliptical cauline ob
1949 Cal. short, Rad leaves cordate
[ovate lanceolate obtuse
1950 Smooth, Leaves ovate glaucous fleshy, Stem branching procumbent
1951 Leaves ovate lanceolate acuminate downy decurrent radical stalked, Cal. longer than tube
1952 Leaves hispid radical obl.lanc. acuminate narr. into the stalk, Cauline decurrent, Cor. campanulate
1953 Cor. obtuse spreading ventricose campanulate at end, Stamens shorter than corolla, Leaves smooth
1954 Cor. obtuse spreading cylindrical, Stamens as long as cor. Leaves rough
1955 Leaves stem-clasping entire, Cor. acute closed whole colored, Segm. of cal. unequal
1956 Leaves stem-clasping entire, Cor. acute closed with a red band in middle, Seg. of cal. uneq. Stems many
1957
1958
1959
1960
Leaves ovate the lower stalked all alternate, Cal. spreading, Pedunc. terminal many-flowered
Leaves cordate stalked, Pedunc. many-flowered, Stamens exserted villous
Leaves alternate oblong sessile, Pedunc. axillary 1-flowered, Cor. campanulate nodding
Glaucous, Stem smooth, Leaves decurrent rough above, Segments of cor. lin. lanc. spreading unequal
1961 Leaves of stem and branches lanc. half stem-clasping, Pedunc. 1-flowered, Sepals auriculated at base
1962 Leaves opposite stalked ovate, Pedunc. many-flowered, Sepals ovate acute erect
English names of this sort having been applied to plants, either that lungwort was ever used in this country
for the lungs, or liverwort for the liver. The truth is, that the old herbalists, or translators of the classical
writers upon natural history, made English names after their Latin denominations, without enquiring whether
such continued to be applicable or not, and their less informed successors had no difficulty in finding those
virtues in the plants which were indicated by the names of the translators. P. virginica, sibirica, and maritima
are elegant plants, greatly resembling each other, and considered by some as most probably only varieties.
They are among the most elegant ornaments of the flower-garden in dry springs; but they require some care
in keeping, unless in a soil almost entirely of sand.
839. Cerinthe. From ***, wax, and 9er, flower, because there is great attraction for bees in the flowers.
-
The French word melinet and the English honeywort have been formed in the same sense.
C. major is a
shewy border annual, much frequented by bees. In Italy and Sicily it is very common, and a biennial.
340 Borago,
Apuleius
to bewith
an alteration
of in
corago;
and to
been named on account of its
cordial
qualities.is said
Plinybysays
that wine,
this infused
it, cheers
thehave
spirits. B. officinalis was formerly
in great repute as a cordial. According to Withering, the young leaves may be used as a salad or as a pot-herb,
flowers form an ingredient in cool tankards.
34i. Trichodesma. From 3: rever, hair, and Biran, a bond, the stamens being united by interwoven hairs;
124
342. ASPERU'GO. W.
1964 procambens W.
t343. NONEA. Mnch
1965 p(illa Dec
1966 ltea Dec.
1967 rsea Lk.
1968 nigricans Dec.

1969 violacea Dec.
1970 ciliata JV.
344. LYCOPSIS, JW.
GenMAN-MAnwont.
procumbent
NoNeA.
dark-flowered sy. A
yellow
O
rose-colored
O
black-flowered
O
violet
O
ciliated
O
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
cu
Wiln-nuoloss.
1971 variegata W.
variegated
1972 arvnsis Jy.

1973 orientlis W.
small
oriental
345 ECHIUM. Jy.

1974 fruticsum IV.
1975 candicans W.
+ O w
O cu
O w
O cu
Boraginee.
3 ap.my B
Sp. 1.
#ain
rub. -S co - Eng bot 661
Boraginee. Sp. 6-8.

i jn.jl
Dk Germany 1648.
2 Jn.jl
Y
Crimea
1805.
2 jn.jl
Pk
Crimea 1823.
3 my.jn Dk Barbary 1822.
2 jn.jl
Pu S. Europe 1686.
1 jn.jl
Pu
Levant 1804.
D.
S.
S.
S.
S
S
s.l. Jac. aust-2. t.188

s.1 Nocca tr. 3
s.l
s.l. Zanon. hist. t.35
co Mor.h.3.t-26.f.11
co

1 jn.jl
B
Candia
1683. S. co
1 my...au B
Britain cor fi. S. co
11.jn.jl
B
Levant
1796. S co
Mo. s.11.t.26.f.10
Eng. bot. 938

Bux. cent-5. t.30
Viper's-bugloss.
shrubby
rt L or
hoary-tree
rt-u_j or
1976 grandiflrum H. K. great-flowered n u_j or
1977 ferocissimum B. R. prickly-stalked re-u_j or
1978 giganteum W.
gigantic
n. L-J or
1979 strictum W.
upright
to) or
1980 argenteum W.
rt. LJ or
1981 laevigatum W.
smooth-stalked re-u_j or
1982 glabrum W.
sea-green
rt-u J or
1983 fastusum H. K.
noble
m. u_j or
1984 nervosum H. K.
sincw
n- u_J or
1985 spictum J/.
spiked-dwarf r led or
1986 glaucophyllum.Jacq. glaucous
riu-J or
1987 plantagineum W. leave O or
1988 itlicum W.
white
SK O or
1989 rubrum J.W.
red
Y Q) or
1990 vulgre W.
Common
O) or
1991 violceum W.
violet-flowered
O or
1992 maritimum Ji'.
sea
O or
1993 pyrenicum W.en. Pyrenean
A Q) or
1994 crticum W.
Cretan
O or
1995 orientle JW.
oriental
O or
1996 lusitnicum W.
Portugal
O or
1997 parviflrum H. K. small-flowered
O or
t"346 TOURNEFORTIA. R. Br. ToURNEFontiA.
1998 Messerchmidia R.Br. shrubby
* u_j or
1999 Argzia R. & S.
herbaceous
w: A or
2000 foetidissima W.
Tobacco-leaved a D or
2001 cymsa W.
broad-leaved a D or
2002 bicolor J.V.
two-colored
* D or
2003 suffruticosa JV.
hoary-leaved a D or
$2004 volubilis IV.
climbing
D or
$2005 laurifolia Went.
laurel-leaved
D or
+347. NOLA NA. W.
NoLAN.A.
2006 prostrta W.
trailing
-k O or
f348. ARE TIA. W.
ARetia.
2007 helvtica Jy.
imbricated
y: A or
2008 alpina iy.
linear-leaved ZN or
2009 Vitalina IV.
Grass-leaved to a or
CLAss V.
3
3
3
6
10
3
3
1
1
4
4
2
1
4
4
2
3
my.jn
my.jn
jn.jl
jn.jl
jl.n
my..d
jn.jl
jn.jl
myjn
ap.au
jn.au
mr.my
jl
jl.o
jl
jlau
jLau
jl.au
jl.au
1 jLau
Pk
Pu
Pk
B
W
B
B
B
W.
Pu
Pu
W
B
V
W
R
R
B
B
C. G. H.
Madeira
Madeira
Madeira
Canaries
1759.
1777.
1787.
1794.
1779.
C.
S.
S.
C.
C.
p.1
p.1
p.1
s.l.
p.1
Canaries
1779.
C. s.l.
Bot. reg. 86
Bot reg. 43
Bot reg. 124
Bot rep. 39
Vent mal. 71
Jac.schoenil.t.35
C. G. H. 1789. S. pl. Bot rep. 154

C. G. H. 1774. C. s. Lehm, ic asp.t.3
C. G. H.
Canaries
Madeira
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
Italy
Jersey
Hungary
Britain
Austria
Italy
1791.
1779.
1777.
1799.
1792.
1776.
...
1791.
sto.fi.
C.
C.
S.
C.
C.
C
S.
s.l.
s.l.
p.1
s.l.
s.l.
s.l
s.l
co
S. l.p
Bot rep. 165

Jac. ecl. 41
Lehm, ic.asp t-1
Jacq. ic. 2. t.312
Barr, ic. t. 1026
Eng bot. 2081
Jac. aus.5 tap.3
Eng bot. 181
1658. S co
1815. S. co
Boc mus. 2. t.78
Pyrenees 1815. S co
1
3
3
2
jls
V
Levant 1683.
jl.au
Pa. B Levant
1780.
jl.au
W.
S. Europe 1731.
jLau W
Barbary 1798.
6 jn.o
G
Canaries 1779.
* jn.o
W
Siberia
1780.
9 s
Pk Jamaica 1739.
9 jl
Pk Jamaica 1777.
6
...
G
Jamaica 1812.
4 ... ...
W.
Jamaica 1759.
12 jl.au, G
Jamaica 1752.
12 jn.jl
Y
Porto Ricol&19.
Boraginee.
1-7.
3.jls
B
Peru
1761.
*my.jn W
Switzerl. 1775.
S.
S
S
S
s.l. Bot. mag. 1934

co Trew plnar.l. t. 1
co
co
C. s.l.
Bot reg. 464
C. s.l
C.
C
C.
C.
C.
C.
p.1
p.l
p.l
p.1
p.1
p.l
Plu.ic.226 t.330
Jac. ic. 1. t.31
Slojm.2 t 162 f4
Slo.jm.1.t.143 f.3
Vent chx. t. 2
C p.1 Bot mag. 731

D. s.p Schk. han. 1. t.32
+ my.jn Pk
Switzerl. 1775. D. s.p Bot. cab. 297
4 my.jn Y
Pyrenees 1787. D. s.p Par. lond. 107
the principal feature in the generic character. This has been separated from Borago by modern botanists; it
is a plant of no beauty.
342. As
o, so called from its asperity. The only species is a procumbent annual with small blue flow
ers, found all over Europe, from Lapland to the Mediterranean.
343. Nonea. A name contrived by Mnch, in his Methodus Plantarum, to distinguish the dark flowered species
of Lycopsis. The genus was long neglected, but has recently been adopted by both Decandolle and Lehmann.
344. is. From Auxor, a wolf, and 24, the eye. Ingenious people have found a similarity between the
small blue flowers of this plant and the eye of a wolf. All the species are weed-like plants.
345. Echium, is an ancient name applied to some plant of this family, and derived from "2", a viper, from
the resemblance between its seeds ani the head of a viper. The spotted stem, which may be likened to a snake's
skin, affords a reason for the application of the name. All the species are beautiful in their flowers, but rough
and unpleasant in their foliage. The common E. vulgare of our downs is perhaps the handsomest of European
- - - -
plants.
ORDER I.
PENTAND RIA MONOGYN.I.A.
125
1964 The only species. Stem climbing very rough, Flowers small axillary
1965 Leaves entire, Stem erect, Cal. of fruit inflated pendulous
1966 Leaves obl.lanc. strigose floral cordate longer than the cal. Cal. acute, in fruit inflated pendulous
1967 Cal. 5-cleft, in fruit inflated pendulous, Leaves obl. hispid floral cordate longer than cal. Stems procumb.
1968 Stem procumbent, Leaves entire, Cal. of fruit pendulous, Cor. shorter than calyx
1969 Leaves lanceolate, Stem prostrate, Cal. of fruit inflated nodding 10-angular, Cor. longer than calyx
1970 Leaves lanceolate denticulated hispid ciliated, Cal. of fruit inflated pendulous
1971 Leaves repand toothed callous, Stem decumbent, Corollas nodding
1972 Leaves lanceolate hispid, Cal. always erect
1973 Leaves ovate entire scabrous, Cal. erect
1974 Pubescent, Fl. in loose corymb. Pan. at end of branches, Tube closed by a 5-lobed fringe, Stam. included
1975 Stem shrubby, Leaves lanc. nervose and branches hairy, Sepals oblong and lanceolate acute, Styles hairy
1976 Stem smooth, Leaves lanceolate rough above, Flowers cymose equal, Tube of flower very long
1977 Stem shrubby, Branches and leaves prickly, flowers in spikes, Corollas nearly equal
1978 Stem shrubby, Leaves lanc. atten. at base hairy, Hairs very short, Bract. and cal. strigose, Stam. exserted
1979 Stem shrubby upright branched, Leaves oblong lanc. hairy, Cor. campanulate small, Stamens exserted
1980 Stem and lanceolate acute leaves silky, Spike terminal nearly simple leafy
1981 Stem smooth, Leaves lanceolate smooth ciliated prickly, Cor. equal
1982 Stem smooth, Leaves lanceolate smooth scabrous at edge
1983 Stem branched, Leaves lanceolate nerved and branches silky, Styles hairy, Racemes cylindrical
1984 Leaves lanceolate nerved and branches silky, Styles hairy, #' ovate
1985 Stem villous, Leaves sword-shaped elliptical villous, Spike compound linear oblong
1986 Stem shrubby, Branc. and cal. smooth, Lvs. lanc. glauc. veinl smooth above with a few coarse hairs at back
1987 Leaves radical ovate lined stalked
[towards the end
1988 Stem herbaceous hairy, Leaves linear lanc. strigose hairy lower nerved, Cor. equal, Stamens exserted
1989 Stem erect hispid, Leaves linear lanceolate
Spike compound terminal, Cor. nearly equal
1990 Stem warted hispid, Cauline leaves lanceolate hispid, Flowers spiked lateral
1991 Cor. as long as stamens, Tube shorter than calyx
1992 Leaves spatulate lanceolate villous, Stam. shorter than corolla
1993 Stem herb. erect panic, hisp. dotted, Lvs. lin, lanc. strigose, Flowers remote, Stamens: as long again as cer.
1994 Stem herb, echinate, Lvs. obl.lanceol. hispid little narrowed at base, Stam. as long as cor. Cal. of fr. distant
1995 Stem branched, Cauline leaves ovate, Flowers solitary lateral
1996 Stem nearly simple, Lvs. lanc., rather silky, the radical very long on stalks, Spikes axillary bent backwards
1997 Stamens shorter than cor. Cal. as long as limb, Leaves lanceolate strigose
'.
1998 Stem shrubby, Leaves stalked, Flowers hypocrateriform

1999 Stem herbaceous, Leaves sessile, Flowcrs funnel-form
2.0 Leaves ovate-lanceolate hairy, Peduncles branched, Spikes pendulous

2001
21.02
2003
2004
2005
Leaves ovate entire naked, Spikes in cymes

Leaves ovate acuminate smooth above rugose, Spike cymose erect recurved
Leaves nearly lanceolate hoary, Stem half shrubby
Leaves ovate acuminate nearly smooth, Leafstalks hairy, Stem climbing, Cal. 5-parted
Stem climbing, Leaves ovate oblong acute repand smooth, Berry with 4 projections bipartible
2006 Leaves ovate oblong, Cal. pyramidal, Sepals triangular sagittate

2007 Stems rounded, Leaves imbricated, Flowers sessile
2008 Villous, Scapes 1-flowered
2009 Stem branching, Leaves smooth above, Pedunc. short, Petals conniving
346 Tournefortia. So named by Linnaeus, after Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, author of an elegant arrange
ment of plants under the title of Institutiones rei Herbarie, and the father of the French school of botany. The
system of Jussieu is founded upon that of Tournefort, or is rather an adaptation of the principles of that botan
ist to the actual state of the science. The species are by no means handsome either in flowers or foliage, and
in some cases the latter is even fetid.
347. Nolana. Is a diminution of nola, signifying a bell in low Latin. The name has been applied to this
plant on account of its bell-shaped corolla. The species are hardy annuals, of beautiful appearance when in
flower. They may be sown in the spring in the open border, where they will grow without protection.
348. Aretia. In honor of Benoit Aretio, a Swiss, professor in the university of Berne. He died in 1574. He
blished a work upon alpine plants, and his name has been applied to a charming alpine genus, said by some,
with little reason, not to be distinct from Primula. The species are very delicate, and require good air and
skilful cultivation to succeed well. They are peculiarly suitable for rock-work or growing in pots, well drained,
and filled with turfy loam and peat.
123
f34. ANDROSA'CE. W.
2010 mxima W.
ANDRosace.
Primulaceae.
oval-leaved
or
a mr.jn
or "ap.my
or "ap.my
or 3 jjl
2011 clongta IV.
cluster-flowered
2012 septentrionlis W.
2013 villsa JP.
2014 lactiflra Fisch.
tooth-leaved
villous
2015 Chamajsme iv.
Grass-leaved # A or
white-flowered Y. ZN or
2016 lctea IV.

2017 carnea W.
2018 obtusifolia JP.
2019 nna Horn.
1350. PRI''MUL.A. W.
2020 vulgris E. B.
Buckshorn-lvd. Sy O) or
awl-leaved
blunt-leaved
dwarf
S. plena-violacca
20.2 yeris JV.
farinosa Jy.
davarica Fisch.
cortusoides W.
dentiflra Andr.
w: A or
p A or
Britain
...
D. s.1
Britain
Britain
Britain
...
...
...
D. s.l
D. s.l
D. s.l
my jn Y
villous-leaved
or
or
or
or
"ap.my
tap.my
"ap.my
1 mrap
3.flore-albo
white-flowered
2020 nivlis J.W.
snowy
2030 marginta W.
silver-edged
2031 Auricula W.
2032 Palinuri Jy.cn.
flat-flowered
2033 integrifolia W.
entire-leaved
2034 finmrchica Jy.

2035 minima L.
20:36 sinnsis Lindl.
2037 stricta 11orn.
2.38 sctica Ilook.
2039 Pallasii Lehm.
Auricula
Norwegian
least
Chinese
upright
2040 pusilla Hook.
Scotch
Pallas's
little
2041 viscsa W.
2042 decora B. M.
clammy
comely
2011
a or
Y. A or
jjl
A or
A or
A or
A
A
A
A
St A
or
or
or
or
or
Britain woods. P. s. Eng bot 518

Britain m. pa. D. s.l. Eng bot 5
Britain
Siberia
m. pa. D. p.1 Eng bot. 6

1806. D. p.l Bot. mag. 1219
R
R
R
Siberia
1794. P. p. Bot mag.:9
Siberia
18'. D p.1 Bot, rep. 405
Levant
1790. D. p.1 Bot mag. 3:2
Pu
w
Pu
Pk
Switzerl.
Switzerl.
Dauria,
Switzerl.
1768.
1708.
1790.
1777.
Pk
*my.jn V
ap
Pu
jd
Pk
3 apmy Pk
3 jn.jl
? ...
4 jn
* ap
4 ap
Eng. bot-4
Bot. mag. 29
D. s.l
D. s.1
ap.my Y
lap.my Y
A or
UC) or
1817. S s-p All ped.1.t.f.1
Denmark 1803, S p.
3 mr.my Y
1 mr.my R
20:8 villosa Jy.
X
ZX
X
ZX
Italy
4 mr.my Q
1 mr.my Pu
mr.my Li
mr.my Y
Jac. aus. 4. t.31

Jac. aus. 4. t.330
Bot mag #1
Bot mag. 743
Austria 1768. Ps-p Bot cab. 2:

Austria 1752. D s-p Bot mag 868
Switzerl. 1768. D sp Bot cab,40.
...
...
20:27 longifolia H. K.
A or
p.
P.
pl.
s-p
Britain
Britain
y: a or
Sy A or
F
Pk
3 mrmy Pk
1 mr.my W
Cortusa-leaved Y a or
tooth-flowered Y a or
long-leaved
a or
Siber.
1806. D. s.p Bot. mag. 20:2
S.
S.
S.
D

1 mr.my Y
Britain woods. D s.l
Britain
... D. s.l.
w: A or
* jn.jl
my.jn
1 myji
1 my.jl
ap.my
2023
2024
2025
2026
Siberia
* jLau
* apjn
doub-brimstoney: A or
y: A or
Oxlip
Cowslip
Bird's-eye
1 ap.my W
double-red
double-lilac
1597.
1776.
1755.
1790.
A or
o or
double-copper y. A or
plena-atropurprca doub-dri-purp. v. A or
2021 elatior Jy.
Austria
Austria
Russia
Pyrenees
* in.au Pk
"jn.au W
Primrose.
common
W.
W
W
Pk
or
A plena-crnea B.M. flesh-col-double A or

plena-alba
double-white
- ZN or
3. plena-sulphrea
splena-rubra
& plena-caprea
4 jn.s
Class V.
Sp. 1035.
D.
I,
12
D.
p.
p.
s.1
s.l.
Bot mag. 14
Bot mag, 1151
Pal it. t. G."f 2
Bot-mag. 191,
Switzerl. 1506, D h.l Jac. aus. 5. t. 415

Naples
1816. D h.! Sweet fl. gard 8
Pyrenees 1:2. In p.l Bot. mag. "4:
Norway
S. Europe
China
Denmark
1798.
1819.
1820.
1822.
D
D
S.
D
pl
s!
s.
s!
Flor dan. 18
Bot, reg,581
Lind coll. t. 7.
Fl. dan; t i-S3
Scotland al-hea. D. s.l.
Bot. cab. 652
Altai
Lehm, mon. t.3
Pu
N. Amer. 1822. D s.l. Hook. ex: fl. 68
1823.
D. s.l
P
P
Piedmont 1792. D. p.1 All-ped.l. t.5.1.1

...... 1800. D. p.l. Bot. mag. 1922
2025

349. Androsace. From arms aw?eer, a man, and razer, a buckler; the large round hollowed leaf of the com
mon Androsace has been compared to the buckler of the ancients. The Androsace of Pliny and others must
something very different. These are elegant mountaineers which may be treated in all respects as
'"
retia.
350. Primula, is derived from primus, the first, - to flower; the delicate blossoms of many of the spe
cies appearing when all nature is otherwise inert. This genus consists of beautiful dwarf alpine plants, valu
able in horticulture, on account of their flowering early in spring, and being prolific in variation.
P. vulgaris is a native of most parts of Europe in woods and hedges on a moist clayey soil. It is generally
found with brimstone-colored flowers, and single; but in some places, though rarely, it is found of a white, and
again, of a purple hue, and occasionally double. The leaves and roots, which smell of anise, when dried,
ground, and used as snuff, act as a sternutatory, and, taken internally, as an emetic. The varieties and subva
rieties of this plant are very numerous. Some consider P. veris and elatior as sprung from it, and only more per
manent varieties. The Hon. W. Herbert says, he raised from the seed of one umbel of a highly-manured red
cowslip, a primrose, a cowslip, and oxlips, of the usual and other colors; a black polyanthus, a hose-in-hose
cowslip, and a natural primrose bearing its flower on a polyanthus stalk; and from the seed of the hose-in-hose
cowslip he raised a hose-in-hose primrose. (Hort. Trans. iv. 19.) But this requires confirmation, as the circum
stance was never before recorded. For distinction's sake we shall consider them as species or subspecies.
The varieties of P. vulgaris are arranged by florists in two classes; the first contains all those whose flowers
are on separate pedicels, rising from the root upon a common stem, so short as not to be seen without separating
the leaves of the plant, and are called primroses. The second class includes all those whose flowers are in um
bels on a scape or flower-stalk rising from three to six inches or more, and are called polyanthuses. Of the prim
roses there are about a dozen beautiful varieties in cultivation; and of the polyanthus an astonishing number,
readily added to by from seed. The names of the varieties, with the exception of the double sorts
riven above, are entirely arbitrary. The rules for judging of the beauty or merits of a variety are also wholly
artificial, and founded on an imaginary form far removed from ordinary nature. These rules or canons are
ORDER I.
127
2010 All villous, Leaves ovate oblong and

toothed, Involucres very large, Flowers very small
2011 Much branched rough, Branches spreading, Leaves obl. somew. toothed, Sepals lanc. ent, Fl. very small
2012 Roughish erect, Lvs. lanc. tooth atten. at base, Prop. ped. elong. upright, Cor. longer than cal. Pet. ov. ent.
2013 Leaves lanceolate entire villous, Umb few-flowered, Cor longer than the ovate campanulate calyx
2014 Smooth, Lvs. lanc. lin. tooth, at end, Ped, sprdg. elon. Cor. longer than cal. pet obcord. (A. coronopif. B.M.)
2015 Pubescent, Leaves lanc. nearly entire ciliated, Umb few-flowered, Cor: longer than the turb. calyx
2016 Caulesc. smooth, Lvs. lin. shining ent cil. at end, Umb. few-fl. Stalks elong. Cor. longer than turb. calyx.
2017 Caulesc. pubesc, Lvs. scattered lin. subulate ciliat. Umb. few-fl. Stalks short, Cor. longer than turb. calyx
2018 Leaves elliptical lanceolate smooth, Scapes umbellate
2019 Lvs. ov. lanc. from middle to end acutely toothed, Scapelvs. and stalks rather long. than invol. Cor. shorter
than angular cal. (A. Bocconi of Gardens.)
2020 Leaves obovate oblong toothedrugose villous beneath, Umb. radical, Flower-stalks as long as lvs. Cor. flat
2021 Leaves toothed rugose hairy on both sides, Umbel many-flowered with outer flowers nodding, Cor. flat
2022 Lvs. toothed rugose hairy beneath, Umb many-flowered, Flowers all nodding, Cal. angular, Cor. concave
2023 Lvs. cuneate lanc. rug. cren, tooth. powdery, Umb. many-fl. Ped. spread. Tube gland. at end, Limb flat the
2024 Leaves sessile lanc. spatul. cntire smooth on both sides, Outer fl. nodding
[length of tube
2025 Lvs. cordate stalked doubly crenate smooth beneath hairy at the veins, Stalks villous, Umb. many-fl. erect
2026 Leaves cordate crenate-lobed very rugose, Corolla acutely toothed
2027 Leaves oblong spatulate toothed green on each side, Leaves of involucre auricled at base
2028 Leaves obl. oval serrulate villous pale green, Scape 2-3-fl. erect rounded, Cal. globose, Tube of cor villous
2020 Leaves lanc. flat finely toothed smooth, Umb many-fl. erect, Leaves of invol. connate at base
2030 Leaves smooth on each side crenate powdery at edge, Cal. very short (P. crenata, Lehm.)
2031 Leaves obov. ent, or serr. fleshy, Scape central as long as lvs. Umb. erect, Inv. with shortlvs. Cal. powdery
2032 Leaves spatulate serrated smooth, Scape lateral, Umbel nodding, Involucre with large leaves
2033 Leaves elliptical nearly entire thickish cartilaginous at edge, Umb. 2-3-fl. erect, Cal. tubular obtuse
2034 Leaves ovate entire stalked smooth, Umb, erect 3-fl. Cal. campanulate, Cor. cyathiform
2035 Leaves wedge-shaped shining many-toothed at end, Scape about 1-ft. Petals half bifid like a Y
2036 Leaves stalked ovate cordate rugose, Umbel proliferous, Cal. inflated
2037 Lvs. lan. obov. tooth.stlk, beneath nearly nak. Um. few-fi erect, Lvs. of inv. lan. Pet. obov. short than tube
2038 Resembles P. farinosa. Distinguished by its flat corolla, and more robust habit
2039 Leaves obovate oblong close toothed smooth somewhat wavy, Umb pubesc, Cal. ovate gaping, Cor fiat
2040 Leaves obovate spatulate beneath and scape mealy, Segments obcordate toothed
2041 Leaves obovate tongue-shaped entire vill. viscid, '' many-fl. erect, Leaves of inv. ovate short mcur:br
2012 Leaves flat coarsely serrated acute, Cal. viscid, Pedicels longer than scape
agreed on by the general consent of florists; they were first brought forward by the Dutch, and are now to be
found in the treatises on florists' flowers of all countries: one of the best in this country is Maddocks's Florist's
Directory.
The culture of P. veris as a border flower is
simple, as it will grow any where, but best in a situ
ation shaded from the mid-day sun, and in a loamy soil; but its culture as a florists' flower, the crossing to
procure new varieties, and all the various cares of the florist involve details much too tedious for this work, if
they were to be given at such length as to be of real use. We refer to Maddocks, Emerton, and Hogg, and to
the Encyclopedia of Gardening.
P. elatior is found in the same situations as the primrose, but is much less common than either it or P. veris,
It has little or no smell. Sir J. E. Smith considers it as probably a hybrid between the cowslip and primrose.
There are two or three varieties of oxlip, but they are not considered as florists' flowers.
P. veris smells more strongly of anise than the primrose. Its leaves have been used as a pot-herb, and in
salads, and are recommended for feeding silk-worms. The flowers make a pleasant wine, flavored like mus
cadel, but considered somniferous. Liquors and syrups are sometimes tinctured with the leaves. Having been
less cultivated than the primrose, there are but few varieties of this plant in gardens. They may be raised
from seed, however, to any extent, as Messrs. Gibbs, of the Brompton nursery, and others, have lately proved.
P. auricula is a well known favorite of the florist. It is a native of the alpine regions of Italy, Switzerland,
and Germany, and found also about Astracan. The most common colors in its wild state are yellow and red,
sometimes purple, and occasionally variegated or mealy. The cultivated are innumerable, and many of them
of exquisite beauty and fragrance. The leaves in different varieties differ almost as much as the flowers, a
circumstance which does not take place to the same extent in the variations of P. vulgaris or veris. Near
most of the manufacturing towns of England, and many in Scotland, the culture of this flower forms a favorite
amusement of weavers and mechanics. Lancashire has been long famous for its auriculas: it is no uncommon
thing there for a working man who earns, perhaps, from 18s to 30s, per week, to give two guineas for a new
variety of auricula, with a view to crossing it with some other, and raising seedlings of new properties.
Class V.
PENTANDEUA MONOGYNIA.
128
Prlmulacc.
Sp. I. 16. D s.I BoLmag. 9s7
H Austria
351.
*%8!.
2043CORTU'SA.
Matthen If.W. common
or |njtt
Primulacc.
Sp. 23.
Jap
Pu
Swftxerl
&!
SOLDANEL'LA.
IF
Soldaselw.
21^
Alp.ne
otor i Pu Bohemia 165&
1816. )D p.l
p.l Bot
Bot mag.49
mag. 2163
20+5 alpina
montanaIf. W.m.en. mountain
& B. M.
Primulacete,
.
L
AVRRICAM Cowslip.
1714. D p.l Bot mag. 12
1353 PODECA'THEON Mead's
3t or 1 ap.jn I*PU Virginia
2046 Madia W.
Sp.Europe
5. 1596. S e.p Bot. mag. 4
ja.ap
KK
S.
LAMEN. or \\Primulace.
+354. CV'CLAMEN. W. round-leaved
L.R
Britain
banks
s.
Eng. .
bot. 548
2047
cum
If. If. common
L_l
oror i au
R.W
Cyprus
173L SSS p.l
p.l Bot.
441001
21H8
curopa'um
IVrsian
4 f.ap
W
Austria I5*i
BoL mag.
2049
prsicum
ff.
Ivy-leaved
pr
i
Pa
S
B.1
Sweet
&
gard.
9
2060 htierflium If. spring
or
2051 versum Jfltf.
Sp.
12.
Printulaceis.
WATER-VfOLET. or 1 jl.au F England dit S aq Eng. bot 364
355. HOTTCPNIA. If. marsh
2052 palustris If.
S/,.16_2ftwatsh. D Eng. bot 761
primulace. Britain
If.common
LooaE-8TRIPB.
356.
LVSIMA'CHIA.
2053
vulgaris
If.
Spain
1730. DD p.l Bot. mag. *>
4
T*. Willow-leaved
N.Levant
Amer. 1803.
p.l M.cago.l782U
narrow-leaved
9:65 Ephinerura
augustifolia /ifA.
1759.
1'4
purple-flowered
N.England
Amer. bog.pl.
1781. DDD pl
9066
dbia
If.If.
Bot
Eng. mag
bot 176
upright
S057
stricta
tufted
2058
thvrsifiora
If.
N.
Amer.
1813.
D
Jac.
aus.
4.
headed
2059
capitata
Â.If.
Holland
1658.
DD Bot rig. 1 3tf6
dotted
S060
punctata
Crimea
1820.
Lm.ilLl.tl01.f2
whorhd
20fil
verticillata
/Vftf.
N.
Amer.
17!H.
DD ni
. WaKh.boU.U
2062 qiiatlriflia Ph. four-leaved
N.N. Amer.
1732.
p.l
Bot. mag. 660
ciliated
Amer.
1798.
Ii
2063
cilita
Ph.
four-flowered
206 iongifolla fA.
N.ItalvAmer. 1S06.
DS si Mag.b. mo.t.lfis,
hybrid
1658.
2065
hybrida
Ph.
m.s
Eng. bot 527
'
small
2066 Unura-etdltum od
Britain
2067
Britain m.s.pl.
m.me. DD m s Eng. bot 52b
2068 nmorum
NummutfriaIf. If. Moneywort
Sttaêor.fl.S Kngbotjg
t3572069ANAGAI/LIS.
Pimpkrnel.
Britain cor. fi. S Eng bot 1893
arvnsis If. If. common
2070
cerlea
E.IL. blue
Morocco
Spain 1803.
59. Lh .P.1 ^
Meerb.ic.LLSi
2071
fruliesa
targe-flowered
2072 latifTia W,
broad-leaved
2(4.'
History,
Vte, Propagation,
A* to the soil proper for auricula* and
polyanthuses,
much has Culture.
^ wntter^ ^^ g artificial
0ftbe com
*
positions
of
bullock's
blood,
sugnr-bakcr's
scum,
night-soil,
luller
^
J
.'^.^
i^w,
kepi
and g i
n-ccssiul growers, however, nothing more than a loam from an old pa turc or cog. ^ lwf.m(wM,.
over
year,
then
with
^^SZ^Z^
imri' using, and. not
m*e
someitocca.Snally
sand
to keepasduring
itthat
-n.a said
Thetoand
soil
and mixed
manure
must
beEncyc
well ^med*?
'KS
h,,
till
is
wanted,
generate
worm*.
.{Sec
ajG*
rtv^^weorit4nal,forheW
P. auricula, helvetica, nivalis and viscosa, are crmsidered by Herbert aamib,
from P. viscosa- (
he raided a pmrdored auricula and a P. helvetica from P. "'val'% ,,ted for in keirt in I ofIf,'
iv.^^.Tlu^.andtheother
speciesandoMh,^^^
leaf-mould,
or
loam
and
peat
well
drained,
in
frosty
or
wet
wc.um
;'">
"
"
't'
and ,-imitate
theirfornatural
snow these
in alpine
Sweetwillsa>n
* , shiftefl
Thcberttmefi
rrcmieny,
if left covering
too long without
beingregion*.
done, they
dwindleleyreu
away ami onparting
after reaerabling
they have donebrinoaa,
flowering.ha* lately been discoveretl inin Scotland
" aiid
- shifting
- prettyisplant,
plant,
scouano byoj Dr. Hooker, pr
resembling P.l\ fari
ienor
351. ofbotany
. atSoGlasgow.
named hy Mathiolus. in honor of Ins, friend J A. .(1.....
CortUfU*, who
v,ho flnt
noticed>it This is
.
the
Swiss
Primulic.
handsome
little
alpinc,
requiring
^^"^Vm^
id*leaves
of
these
plants are TC^ 111
352. ofSoldanrlia.
The are
diminutive
of ,
shilling.
The.ofround
pieces
money. ' They
among the
least anda most
beautiful
alpinelc:_punta, ana1 remarkable for tm
Der353.in which
their corolla
is cutoforthelacerated.
1 ninoJe.n J withapparentlnapf1"
Dodccnlhcan.
A name
Kornaus, Culture
signifyingas In12 the
godsSwiss
or divinities
^J I >11 that
by Linnrcus to a plant, criginally
native of named
a worldMcslia
the Romans
itomans
uni
did trt^^ta^*
not know,
miu, "
f'^11^'",,'
j*1?!^
i, , ,,llt
but the name
na^ v."
by
VUA
their writers.
It wu ;
i4wu> Jtjs very .urnamêntal
.
P""ffi^
~lLM.i#
J^llarion^byj^nme^
^ _ ^ afterw^t
leaves
dieloamy
awv,soil,andin the
root" and'
onlyrather
remainsmoist
till next . than m pots.
oflight
a shadv
3W. Cyclamen
Derived
from XUK>.K,
a circle,situation,
on account of the numerous coils oi trie
genus consists of humble plants with very beautiful flowers. In the north ol ltai>
Orna .
PEVTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
129
1
Cur liwiriwWshaped
funnri^hined spreadingnotoutbeyond
Style Style
ihorterlonger
thanthan
com[corolla
MCor.
cut the
ai themiddle,
middle,Calyx
Cal.erect,
spreading.
2046TVonljspecie*. Leave radical flat on theground. Scape bearing at top an umbel ofdrooping flowcra
.* Lamorbicularcordate
entire, Segment*
SK
LeitetorbicularmnUte renale
or toothed,ofcor.
Segm.ovate
ofcor. lanceolate
9*\
oblnag ovatecordate or reuiform-cordate
erenated,
Segm.oblong
ofcor.lanceolate
oblong obtuse
aa)
Leave*corditeoblongacuminate
angular
toothed,
Segm.
ofcor.
acute
\corditecrenulate emarginate, with the bate overlapping.
Flowerahort,
Stylerather
exserted
/Vrmverticalstalked. Leave* underwater all finely cut
SffiSRacemeterminal comi-mml, I#;ive* opposite .VI ti>gether olilung lanceolate
Raceaaterminal, Petals
lanceolate
9tfawftbranching,
Leave*obovate
opp. or spreading,
whorled longleaves
linearlinear
spotted,
Haccmesessile
terminating a short leapt
j****1terminai. Petal*
Petals lanceolate
conniving,spreading,
Stain ihorter
thanlanceolate
corolla, Leaves
|b' jjacnsterminal.
leaves
sessile lanceolate stalked
awi
*Ilili,ry "^"l ovate compact,opp.Leaves
opp. acute
lanceolate
^^timplcspotted,
lane,
spott.whorled.
FlowersPet
in close
Sflj v14 tnewher ovate lane, leaves
stalked pub.sees.
beneath,
Ped. axilL
ovateheads
fringed with glanda
lavtswhorled obi. lane, stalked. Pet ovate acute glandular, Stem pubescent
?*
"bstssilei3together
oval
acuminate
dotted.
Peduncles
four,
I.flowered.
Petals
oval entire
S*^1urh
branched,
on longstalks
cord, ovate,veryR-stalks
axill. in pairs,
Fl.serrulate
cernuous, Petals rounded
crenulate
long,ciliated,
Segments
a
1|.
on longleaves
stalk*linear
lane Petioles
Flofcor.
ccmuous.
Cor shorter than cal. Pet. eren.
wntant sessile, Peduncles axillarv opp. Stem much branched smooth. Cal. longer than eornlla
l*'w,te.*cu,e.
Howm
htary.Pedunc.
Stem axillary
procumbent.
smoothcreeping, Stamens glandular
uavnoppmite roundish
cordate,
l.flow.Stamens
Stem smooth
muTjT^"11
Lave ^nwvedStem
ovateerect
lanceolate
end crenate
1, ^nL OTatclanceol*te,
a little petal*
winged.dilated
Petalsat toothed
at endwith gland*
S 1.
abl,ut S together
Stem shnibbv at DSN rounded, liranches ditTUse anguUr
""^meortktcsten^siping,
Stemsessile.
brachialeerect
*ki AS
Class V.
130
Bot.
mag. S19
Portugal
Italy , 16g
2389
injl
1/96.pl. D tf
alLp Bot.
mmiMI
blue-Italian lAJ 01 11 J my..
Eng. mag.
bot MO
au..
Pk
BriUin
bog.
OT5tenlla .
>
'
458
DIAPEN'SIA.
Diapessia. or "tlS*^ 'upland 1801. DU Bot m. ;.0
^moonio.
m If. obtuse-Waved
359.
PYXIDANTHE'RAJtf.
W* Carolina 1806. Dip Mich, i . tl7
2077 barbulSta Mi. bearded-.or
1aSTSmonspelineis
CCRIS. W W. Montpelto
Cobis.
J^"^"Êurope 1*0. S ..P Bot mag. 2131
^ iQl or
iiifragete.
Amer. 1786. D ip Botl ;. 7
n.jl
W
} in.)
1 GevXiane.
jl
w Britain moLpl p Eng. bot 495
Sp. 6-12. riven. _S p.l Eng. bot. 217
363. VIIXAR'SIA. Br Vn.Laiu.lA.
1 Gentianeee.
jn jl YW England
Vent choix. 9
2081
N.
MB nympholdes
lacusa (f. fringed
smooth.flower. fe lAI or 11 jn.Jl
mag.
1328
N. Amer.
Holl 1812.
1806. S p. Bot
injl
Y
mag.
658
20;
sarmentosa
.
M.
running
|
il
J
,
.
G.
H.
1792.
S
p.
W N. S.W. 1805. S p. Bot
9 Indica If.
Indian
* 11 or . 12 my.au
Bot
mag.
1029
jao
Y
SmaUfolia
tall
J
iAI
or
Bot
mag.
1909
G. H. 1786. S p.l
Boovta .
o.aUeaved 1 my.jl Sp.C, 7It
Gentianete.
Bot.
reg.
197
<K43187CHIRffNIA.
L. Jasmine-leaved
Chironia. . i_l or 2 au-jl Pu . G. H. 2. p.l
7W.
C. G. H. 1816. p.l
Bot mag.
511
088 jasminoldes
ychnoides I7,no.
Lvchnis-flower..
or 28 .8... Pu
G. H.
RY C.CG.
mag
233
W.
Ffax-leavcd
-1-1
S
. Bot
H. 1787.
1759.
21 injl
Bot
mag.
818
laMbacclfera
W.
berry-beanng
i_l
or
1800. .
jn.au RR C.C. G.G. H.
Bot
mag.
SSt%a arrow.le.ved l_Jor ljjn.s
Bot mag. 37707
H.
1756.
20>
fruscens
If.
Grubby
S"Hl2
g!
H.
1789.
.p
2093 decumita . K. croja-leaved n. i_| or 14 jn.. R
Gentianete.
365.
Eustoma.
W \provid. 1804. S ..1 Par. lond. 241
O or 1 jl
2094EUSTOMA.
ilenifolium P.L.
P. L. llene-lcaved
529. t S ..I, Eng. bot 417
Gentianete.
S66 ERYTHRXA. P.S. Erthmsa. OT i jl.au Pk SuBriUin
bot
England hoathe.
sea. S al Eng.
5 Centarium P. S. common
au.s Pk
bot 4.'*
2305
O oror iJ injl
Britain
.
SS 8.1al Eng.
2096 pulchella E. . dwarf-branched
Cav.ic.3.t9.f.l
Pk
dwarf-simple
S.
Europe
1777.
2097
littorUe
E.
.
J
jLau
Y
lAlor
procumbent
Spain
182L
S
al
2098
maritima
P.
S.
J
jLau
Pk
iAIr
2099 confera Pert, clustered
Sp.>J.4o3!
SabatA.' ^ CD or 1 Gentianete.
Par.
367.
SABBATI
A. P.L elender
Jl
Pu
Bot loni
mag. 1600
N.N. Amer.
Amer.
1812.
2100
gracilis
Ph.
Pk
i5[Q>or
a> or 1 \ jn.au
dichotomoue
Amer.
1817.
S
S101
PA.
jLau Pk
2102 chloroidee Ph. chlora-like
or my.jn W N. Amer. 1817.
2103 paniculta Ph, panicled
Sf ,.,
Gentianeee.
Lb.nov.ho.l.t51
LOT.ASIA.
368.
LOGA'NIA.
R. Br.
3 ... W V Holl. 1816.
Bot rep. 520
2104
2KV latifbia
flnribnndnR. RBr.Br. broad-leaved
many-flowered fL- l_I
i_| or 2 ap.my W N.S.W. 1707.
Evosma albtfora . Hep.
2079\
beautiful small plant, and, with A. latifoli'and linifoli, require Ithe P/otetion of i ^^""u'ically
A. tenella is a delicie bog-plant, but not a very certain tenant of the genus, M Y
^
"mW"**- An ancient Greek name of the Sanicle, and ^''S^. r&rf,
Sanicle
belSkalpine
a vulnerary.
Linn applied
the name to *f^^^?SLiu?lt.
but
a pretty
species, requiring
things, ano . a deep ,
pretty
the same cultivation as similar
through
the alplt.
severest,
winters.
.v_ the a itliers bum
bursting
359 PuxidanUiara.
From n-{, abox, ami Mw, an anther,
raj across
likeIt aislittle
founi
A smallpUnt
resembling
AzaleaHampshire,
irocumbens,andwill,
lieath-like leaves
f"rVNcSh
. but is
the
White-Mountains
of New
in Pine-barrens
in other
parts of Nortn Ami.
"/, of Dioscorides, for which even the etymological "eutoof a Jj?"*"resenibling the
have
unable to ipplled
provide the
a meaning.
givenwhose
to a plant
analogous
"g^riura,
heath.beenToumefort
name to Itthiswasplant,
fine leaves,
and topurple
or pina no ciolhe, 1*0
the1.heath,
the places
growsinwild.
.1 is .a neat
Galax.
From where
-/A, Itmilk,
allusion to its milk-white spikes of, flowers. This
n little piam>
andV^Lthrives
best in a moist
; whereandalone
it flowers
^ to^ the
^ Y-power which me
theAnwplant
ou'.'
;is 91 - .
From situation
pnn, a month,
.,3-,
flower,freely.
in allusion
Menyantlie
posed
to possess ofc. exciting
menstruation.
Buck-bean
or Bog-bean,
v " În Sien
the
plant
a us
,used
til
is
frequently
recommended
in
dropsy
and
rheumatism.
Sweden
mi
r
the leaves is bitter, and V
Ounl
131
acute, Cor. twice aauignicalys
SW8 onlyipeciei
* Lewetenate
Ml*
ier
!. M orne clcuc , S br''hl shrubby, Fruit a hm.
*,*.
MfifcMbtitecwu
dichotomously
leavestu!*.ovate
Cal. shorter
* ttact. .uiked, S/ment
ofcaLnanided,
horter than
Stylelanceolate.
simple, Leave*
ovate than tube
5te
,,m,,le
?5
Flowcrs
clustered
leuile,
Cal.
ae
long
as
tube
ofcor.
Leaves stalked
lin. lane,
.!.7*'1_. re* Oblon8-Ianceolatc,
dichotomous
rounded,
branched, Lvs. ovalStem

obtuse,
Fl. sessilecorvmbose
faec. duatered,
CiLFlowers
a long a* tubedigj-nou*
ofcor.
elon!tated
1-dowered.
Leaves
linear elliptCal.Pet
Stemcor.angular
^8I S tS V1,1^
'
1*
solitary
about "-parted.
leafvobovate.
longer
ttlWu!?i
few 1-liowered,
FlowersCaL7-I3-parted,
Sepalsthan
^ u**a lu>ear, Branche*
Pan. many-flowered
brachiate,
subulate thrice
aslinear
short shorter
a* cor. than cor.
Sifistlwir**^*"*
corymbose,
smooth, Stem
erectaxillary compound
lincemeattenuateat each end smooth,
StipulesBranches
lateralsetaceous.
Racemes
er iiandTS*' 1 of ,c 1. of
2 ân, M1(j tob*ve been lh'Ibcauthor of.oraeepcri.
Class V.
138
1824.17-52. D p.l MiLicS. tSXSSl
1,ycrsidba. or Polemoioce.
N.N.Sp.Amer.
T369.
au-e
Pk
pantdad
I)D p.1
Amer.
1813.
2106PHLOX.
pMCttUB*W.w
au.s
W
\},itc
5
or
p.1 Bot. mag. 1880
Amer.
1750.
jLau
RPu N.
a ,.u>o W.
waved-leaved
ifc
or
.
Amer.
1812.
2107undulta
.
my.au
LVODi'l
A oror 2 jl.au W N. Amer. 1766. DD p.1
p.1 Jac vind.2 tl27
2108
acuminta
PA.
white-flowered
D
N.
Amer.
174a
2109Buavolcns
W.
RF N. Amer. 1800. D p.1
spot-stalked
3t AA oror 44 jLau
Bot cab.
p.1
I2111IV maculta
1"1
"
->
.
;
2110
W.
jn.au
mag.34213(w
imidal
D
p.l BoL
pyramidalis
H.K. pyramid*
N.
Amer. 1759.
1 i jn.jl
my jn Pk
Bot
1308
ived
or
D
p-1
8112pfl6at
W.
hairy-lea;
,
,
N.
Amer.
1809.
Pk
Bot mag.
mag.
1314
, s-l^hiiiry 50
2113 m'na . M. fraser
P.Pu Carolina
1728. DD p.l
jU pu
fl. gard.
29
rough-stemmed
oror 1I JL
pl Sweet
Carolina
2114
Carolina
W.
pubescent
5
Bot
reg.
68
DR Pu N.
N. Amer.
1790. DD p-1
SUS
triflora Mi. Vent. shining-leaved i or
D.
elttl6o.f.202
p-1
Amer.
1725.
2116
suflrutieea
51 jn.au
Bot mag.
163
DD p.1
1746.
2117 glabrnma W.
ap.jn L.B N. Amer.
mag. 563
p.l Bot
Amer.
1800.
2118
i jn.s R N.
Bot. mag.
528
DU p-1
N.
Amer.
1759.
2119 divaricfrta
eolonifera W.. .
ljmy.jl
Bot
mag.
411
Amer.
1786.
2120ovts
* j ap.m
lF N.
Bot mag. 4b
DD p.1
p-1
N.
Amer.
1786.
2121 subultaW.W.
ap.my
Bot
p.l
N.
Amer.
1820.
8122setcea
t
ap.my
W
Bot cab.
mag.78112155
D
p.l
crnea
ni'nil7J itf.
1 au.s Pk N. Amer. 1816.
2123
polcmoniace.
Sp
312.
2 t209
370, POLEMO'NIUM. W.creeping
Greek-Valeria
Amer. bu.
1758.pL DD Millie
I jnap.r L.B
i oror 24ap.my
Eng. bot 14
N.
Britain
2124
blue-flowercd
D
2125 rptans
cserfileuraW.W.
W
2
jn
whitc-flowered 5 oror 2 jn gt
I>
lbum
macuitum Gov. spotted-flowered*
'ap.my Mexico 1S17. D Bot reg. 460
Mexican
i lAl or polemoniaceee.
212y mexienum
Sp.
L
Vesta.
1815. s.p Bot reg. 299
371.
W.en.
or 3 jn Y n.CK
XlXtVESTIA.
yClUlUWt W.
rr.ci*
' W. - Wateb-leap.
2127
lyciodee
en. Box-thorn-like
31.
Boragiwie.
372.
HYDROPHYI/LUM.
N.
Amer.
1813.
2128apPcndicultumi'A. appendaged A " 1imy.jn
my.jn P.B
W N. Amer. 173!). S Sil Bot reg. 331
2130 canadnse
Canadian
cu |my> W Canada 1759. D m.9 Bot reg. 242
Sp. 1*
Phacelia. 3t A cul 2 Boragincce.
fS73. PHACE'LIA. Mich bipinnatifid
jn.jl N. Amer. 1824. D CO Mich, ara.1. 1 16
2131 bipinnatlflda MicA.
r.
Sp.
Ramonda. 3t or Amy Pu I.Pyrenees 1731. U s.l Bot mag. 236
374.
P.S. Borage-leaTed
2132RAMON'DA.
pyrentca
W.
en.
Linn.
Verbscum *
Svlane.Y S rO.-d.| Eng. bot. 549
MuLUTH.
375.
VERBASTUM.
CD
oror 62 jLau
2131thpsu9
if*. ScAr.If. Shepherd's-club^t
T S 2 Mnch.nt170t.4
jLau LY
CD
bastard
2134 tbapsilorme
YY
O)
oror 32 jn.jl
woolly
2135
phlomoides
T.
jl.au
CD
scollop-leaved
136
sinutum
W.
YY
24 jl.au
cut-leared
2137
bipinnatifidumB.A/.
2138
australe
Sein: ScAr. southern
Y S" S i fest;,
4.3 jl.au
jLau
close-flowered
2138
condenstum
P.Y
jl.au
snow-white
,^,rt. LT
8140
nveum
Ten.
Y Vienna lnW.
4
my.jn
pointed
2141 cusphltum Sehr. large-flowered
3 Jn- Y
2142 macrnthum Hg.
2125
Hatory, Usr, Propagation, Odtorc,

, nd
ment,
the gnration
plant..flower.
SmallEleven
buhe, specie.,
or herbaoeou.
minai
orupon
axillary
bunches ofofofwhite
white
flowcr.4.
Eleven
species,
native, lf""S
of New Hollauo, art deribed Bip"
minai
or
axillary
hunches
narivi
riitltnM
mnv be
he struckXsi,in sand
unHor
hand-Klass.
. . .is supposed,havelnanAgr.^
Airrosten
cuttings
may
miller
hand-glass.
3genus
Phlox.
Theofaplant
byonly,
the ancients
to k... been anl-"",w1'~"^,i,,nl
Ihe
nowFrom
so calledborder
isflame.
a native
Northso named
America
andlateis inone
the handsomest
consists
of most
elegant
flowers,
valuable
for blouoming
theofseason,
and for and
theirgeneral^
hve,y, ., ...,
red,
white,
and
purple,
while
the
majority
of
plant,
that
flower
in
autumn
have
yellow,
ncsimis blossoms. Most of the species delight in a rich moist soil, or loam and leaf mould or peal. 1 ne a
'l3 trc admirably adapted for pots, or a select rock-work : they require some protection in severe *"]~:'
:,fzS?^nmi'"nFrnm been
">w.
,vf- a
Plinywarrelates,
plantwho
which
calledagree
by which
this ""
MaHWHSttOO
froIn having
thecaUed
!
betweenthat
twothekings,
couldhe not
of 1"
tues.
It was
( hilodvnamia
(from
and is3o.i"(,
P"f
on S
iJi"traordinary
merit.also The
plant
which posseiued
all,\,
thesea thousand,
good qualities
now forgotten.
SZZSZ.*??"*?
10
*
flc>wcr
whlch
ornaments
thcVarden,
but
which
preserves
nothing
of
the
ES churo10 " !lie,lt vutoc""7 quality. P. caVruleum Is a border flower of long standing, and ot
371. Vrtio. Named by Wllldenow, in his Enumerate Plantan, in honor of his friend Dr. Vest of Clgei
133
SI*LernInc. flit rough at edge, Stem smooth, Corymb* panicled, Segment! ofcor. rounded
m Bad
LMMohl
lane, somewhat
rough it edge,pubescent
Stem smooth,
Corymb,
panicled,Segm.
Segm.
ofcorrounded
blunt
m
witecent,
ovatewavyum.
Cor. panic,
oftor
ilio
Erect,
Sera roujjh
imoothLeaves
not spotted,
Lea?beneath
ovatesmooth
lane, rough
quitedecussate,
smooth.
Raceme
panic.
Teeth
ofcal.
"*
S1I0
End,
Stem
spotted,
leavesobL
Une.
at
edge.
Pan.
obi.
close,
Teeth
of
raL
rccurvea
HlLearacordele
osteLeaves
scutelmcar-lanceolate,
smooth, Flowers densely
pyramidal,Tube
Teeth
ofcalcurved
upright,
Stem spotted
Sll
Hain, Stem
SepalsSepals
subulate,
ofcor.
pubescent
Silo
Hain,
Stennerect.
assurgent,
Leaves thick,
ovate lanceolate,
subulate,
Tube
ol terminal
cor. smooth
straight
mWetancedate
sessile
smooth
Stem
erect
rough.
Flowers
whorleil
S115Stemsmtl iboubescem,
Leave*
lane, imooth,
Branchesveins,
of corymb
3-flowerert,
Teeth
ofcal.
linear
SitLeave.tant
ihimng
on
both
sirtes
acute
nearly
without
Stem
smooth
tnlid
above
shrubby
at hase
S117Tuftedaiiurgent
imooth,
leaves
linear
lanceoL
smooth,
Corymb
term,
fastigiate,
Teeth
of
cal.
mucroii.
!llSDirfdiffluepubescent,
Leaves
ovate
lane
chiefly
alternate,
Branches
few-fl.
lax,
CaL
subuL
Pet
ill?Sutaifcrouipubescent,
Fertile stems erect simple few-leaved, Leave* oval, Corymb few-flowered cord.
19J
Leave ovate, Mowers solitary
Sll
Dwarflulledpubescent.
Leave*
fascicledlin. subulate
pungent-5-fl.
ciliated.
few terminal
SIS Lamciliatedlowest setaceous upper
. Branches
at end,Pedicel*
CaL spreading
hairy, Pet retuse
12SStemerect rounded. Leaves lane imooth half stem-clasp. CaL edged, Tube ofcor. twice as long as limb
BM Letrapinnate,
Pinas7, FlowersFlowers
terminalerect,
nodding
tt
Cat longer than tube ofcorolla
!l* man theterminal 3-lobed, Flower* nodding, CaL viscid
E The ml;specie*
SIS
Verr
hain, Radicalleaves subpinnatifld,
lobed
angular,Faacicle*
Sinu* ofofcalyx
withclustered
reflexed appendage*
us aoMothiih,
Uirapinnateorpinnatid,
Segm.Fascicle*
ovatecauline
lanceol.
cut errate,
flower*
UJ
Leaves lobedangular,
offlowers
close together
tUl &ect, Leave* pinnatifid. Segment* cut lobed, Racemes generally bifid
tlS A Hernieplantwith hoary leaves and short scape* ofpurple flower*. The only species
ott!i _ toment- "PP" Katc> Racemespiked
Leavesdeatrrfni.
5i
dense. Cor.Cor,rotatewith
obtround
segm.segm.
Anth.2ofanth.
nearly equal
i-i.n.rmi.Uimit u|iper acumin. Raceme spikeddense.
route withobov.
obi.
- Lvirreri. tora, radie elLtlkd. CauL obL ac. upperbid.ov. cuip, slightly decur. Fay. remotish, Two an. obL
I3- ES lM
* and
towcr
cauline
smuated
upper
relate
ilightly
decurr.
Spikes
pan.
Fl.
clustered
* .
CFaiC- ofrac- rnote. Two anth. obi
i, ,cnm- at,nt
todoubly
,talk- crenate,
CauL obLCauL
acuteobLdecurr.
decur.
^ 1,,RhUy
,*?,!*S
58*narr
acuteupper
implybroadov.
crenate cusp,
upperiround.
MlatLZffl
1Urcm
dense,
Two
anthers
oblong
M \ZZ\125 crente mow-white, Raceme spiked dense. Anthers equal
s
:
of raceme
oblong
ta>S"i'
rai elbpttn*obL
narr, ni-pklnte,
at base cauLKn*S

->-- - remote,
Fase ofTwo
.anthers
rem. Two
anth. obL
2136
f tm<
1
^Wlth êwen smooth leaves, and pale yellow flower*. It is very nearly related to
a^ftXn.?,^'
TSf*quantity
md tv)X"'
in theThii
plantofgrowi
in theThe
marshe*
North
_hsaaW
/J?*"
ofwater
cavity
each leaf.
specie*of are
twoA
' ; !,f ihe namc^^h. iap!J wnicn Protects the small white flowers. H. virginicum is usedAmeJSft
gglL""^
intheNorth
America.disposed in fascicled spikcfl.
flowers
'only,
as a
' :r"''wsk,i!*fNaroedifWM
oiuti V 1' 1^
* "mond,
a r'ret.rlibeingbotanist,
who discovered many urw plants in France.
^êsoMi.
trme
with
other
alpine
plants.
Formerly
a
pecie*
of
Verbascum,
2?^ ^J^t*T^l^^rba4e,,mi on account ofthe beard barba1 with which all the leaves and
bfe-Tr*1
hsvr h.T*0".!*"
" vcrv flnelookitift
plants,
calculated for shrubberies,
among
tMiilS- *wTTvr
ta iisiiLri
by M. Schrder
in awell
V. thapsus
has
e^t"!m
enckmaeh,
V*'i"'"IwstraW
Toap*01V. blatUria
islearned
wid toMonograph.
have the power
ol driving
laJ-T1>Ma vum yPW^Wulentum is one of the mnet magnificent of native hertneeous plants,
"""liiuMh T ,
of gold
flowers.
two ot *'lth
three "liny
blownhundreds
with a slick,
will colored
bring down
all theCorrea
corollas.observe*
The ofnapthisof
3
134
Class V.
Bot mag. 1037

Caucasus 1804. DS p.l
or 21 JU
2143
ovaliflium
H. . oval-lcaved
Mill ic. 2. I 273
jl.au Y.Pu Europe 1731.
or
annual
2144
Bocrhav
W.
S
18ia
5 jl.au YY Caucasus 180*. S Sweet fLgard. 31
3t
2145
elongtum W.W.en.
en, long-stalked
Q) or 3S jLau
pyramidal
2146
S Plrar.hung.t79
1777.
jn.au W.pu Madeira
i Ol
or
Madeira
2147 pyramidtum
hicmorrlloidttlc W. wool-bearing
Hungary ro.scL
1805. SS
jn.jl
Y Britain
bot
148
Hoccsum
P.IK S. white
Eng.
jn.au
Qor
CD
or
2149
Ly'chnitis
Eng.
bot. 58lfiS
487
England
bor.fi.
YBr & Europe 1683. SD
or jn.au
powdered
2150
pulverulentum
E.B.
Bot
rep.
p.l
my.au
rusty
5
2151 frrruglneum IF. copper-colored 3t or my.au Br Caucasus 1798. D pi Bot. mag. 1226
2152
cpreum W. /. black-rooted i my.au Y England ch. so. D pi Eng.
bot 59885
2153
Bot.
mag.
Britain
Europegra.pL
1596. DS pi
Pu
or _ my.au
2154 nigrum
phnmlccum F. puq.le-flowcredj
Eng
bot 550
CO
au
Y
CD
or
slender
2155
virgtum
E.W. . moth
Britain gra.pl. SS CO Eng. bot 393
Y
Q) or 42 jl.au
2156
Blattria
me.
jl.au YY
smooth
2157
1813. S
31 jLau
2153 glbrirm
reunduntIT.W.en.en. waved
Archipel. 1788. SS p.l
my Y( Spain
pinnatirld
8159
pinnatfidum
W.
p.l Toum.itS.t83
1752.
1
jl.au
Osbeck's
2160
Oebckii
.
SS COCO Bot reg. 558
1821.
YY.Pu Caucasus
22 jnjl
2161
orientate
.
.
Tauria
182.
henry
2102
1 jnjl
my.jn Pu Crete 1824. S Alp. exott36
ti3
2163 apectliile
spinsum /..M. spiny
710. 1731. S si Zano.ti.212.U6S
Sotanea?.
Thor-apple.
376.
DATO'
RA.
W.
S jl s W Sp. China
S164
IF. IF. Chinese
Eng. botic. 1288
England rub. SS s.l8.1 Meerb.
W
3S jLs
common
2. tlS
2165 ftrox
Stramonium
Amer. 1629. S r.m Kno.thc.LLS.ll
jl s lPu N.
blue
2166
Tatula
IF.
Egypt
1629.
32 jn.s
p.e \V Asia 1596. S r.m Bot mag. 1440
purple
167
fastuosa
IF.
downy
168 Metel W.
Africa 1780. S r.m Jac vind. 3. L 82
22 jn.s
169la?'vis
W. Ort smooth.fruited
jLs W
W Amer. 1805. S r.m Jac. seh. S. t.339
horn-stalked
2170 ccratocalon
9.23.
377.
BlWMNIU.t or 15 Sotanea.
au.s WS Peru 1733.
2171BRUOMAN'SIA.
stiavolens W.en. P.S.
smooth-stalked
2172 arbrea W.en. downy-stalked { 10 au.8 W Peru 1813. Lp Fl.poruv2.tl28
Sp.Jamaica
4-29. 1793.
Lp Brow.jam.L9.Cl
Gentianes.
Lisianthiu
tare, LisiAVTHus. w. long-leaved
or H2 jnjl
Jabic. rar.LLSS
2173
long'ifliua
W.Jac. gluucous-leavedH CD
... Lp
jnjl YPu w'.' Indies 1733.
I
I
or
2174
glaucilius
oval-leaved j r 122 ...... YY Jamaica 1816. Lp
Br. jam. t9. f.S
2175
exsrtue
W.
Lp
2176 cordiflius W. heart-leaved
Gentiane.
Sp.24.
WoRM-URSSS.
379.
SPIGE'LTA.
W.
11 il
ti \V. Indies 1759. S e l Bot mag. 2359
annual
2177
3t
wor i il.au S N. Amer. 1694. D Lp Bot mag. 80
2178 Anthlmia
marilndica W.IF. perennial
Sotanas. 1-2.
XtCAMDRA.
380.
or 2 jLs Peru 1759. D s i Bot mag. 5
2)79NICAX'DHA.
phyi16des P. S.J.
2144
this specie,,
of V I.vch
Ivchnlti. and ofi """''
W*ta,
*"i
whence
thebetween
name
m"'r
te u<ed .,
a" t"dcr.
n<1 toSeveral
*> *'*
,amps ;
produced
the sorel
ono' of"i"?'
"l0 1>ecies,
a lamp.
mules fnr
have
not productions
of this
kind. ?S S<""U*
h** beenfrom
questioned whether
those accounted
speciesbeen
are
Daturo,
""^
Arab,i(;
Mira*.
Forskahl.
About
Goa and Caara,
it is called
account
of
the
dangcrouYeffi^
?.1,
"
^**"1
of
tho
r*
"<
rwruf,
or
mad-applc,
onby
ch. 375by irwTutatnd^S^riiS
ad " oresTe.h e frU-,' ""'of*>**'*
"rfrf
<* ' s an<*"'"
Arabie
nameaemployed
toSerapion,
the
Datura
,hc
",ant
,
name
given
fed within
ahim
comBarativXihL
. .,,'eD"f?1paving
'""T'oniumbeen
is an introtluced
instance of from
a SouthConst.int.noi.le
American plant,
naturetime,
and bv.-l,
diirsrl ||,,.;in C.crarde's
the
worst
hl
/SSSr
KBh
'",
'4
,
K"lm
W.
that
this
plant
and
a
perie
of
Phytolacca
are
Paru
of rise
thatupextemivTroo^,v
Th*Ur,'?
Martyn observes,
that in theerth
.ith planes
rc.mnext
vanou
, encSrS,
the"<,"
lh""'-PPle
come
up."brought
At night,
thepartleaves
the
isowers
poisonous,
bringiug
!1,
.
ho,e
Dl"nt
"rongly
of
bean
meal.
Every
of
the
pUnt
'King on delirium, tremors, &c but under proper regulations it is a useful medicine m
fiic. has a fine polished
,....shed purjile
stalk, varied with dots or lines ; the leaves arc large, -Lthe ., .... ofa
^
DLima,
fastuosa
] white
beautiful
and smelt
a satinv
; some areand
single,
able otlor pumlc
at first,outside,
but if long
to becomewithin
less agreeable,
are others
narcoliaemidoublc
D. ccratocalon is a filie
n spci~
clî,
will sometimes
remain
in the ground
several
vears beforeS. J.it Brugmans
will vegetateauthor of some botanical
377. '^led
.
Re, anamed
bv Persoon,
in honor
of Professor
ngJ
works,
and
especially
of
dissertation
"
De
Plantis
Inutilibus,
et
Venenati,Jt brMingw,
B. arbrea is one of the greatest ornaments of the gardens of Chili. The published
flowers which
come on. ^
135
MStemerectAmple, Leaves oval senile toota-crenate nnooth above, Flowers spiked
S!Ilimn
m both
lides, Stem
Three
hairy ing1**^*
the middle
31K
Lea* orate
nearlyoblong
naked atloweroblong
attenuated
at basebranched.
upper
cord.
aeum.filaments
. elongate,
Racemes
I.
Leun
base
alten,
tomcnt
obsoletcly
cren.
Racemes
spiked
FL
lt 1itesessile
lencath
closely above.
woolly,Stem
Stemangular
branched,
Filaments bearded . without bracte*
mlua
wedge-shaped
oblongnaked
panicled
!I
Learnotitf
oolongsubscrrate
powdery
on both side*,
StemRadical
roundedoblong
panicled, Hairsdoubly
ofstamens wmt*
ilil Lesre,
Ritmlloiu
rugoseLeaves
caulinecordate
subsessile
crenatc.
Sems
Tirgale
limpie,
ovateequally
rugose
crenate woolly
beneath, cordate
Pcdunc with 1 "enate
bract, solitary
Leaves
oblong
cordate
stilkert
wavy
crenate
subpuhescent
Learenaked
radical
uneq.
toothed,
Caul,
lane,
toothed
wedge-shaped
at
base,
Stem
naked,
Rae.sessile
elong.
!1K Lanesoblonglane,
toothed
senile
radical
sublyrate
pubescent,
Stem
branched,
Mowers aggreg.
SL56
Lures
stem-clasping
oblong
smooth
doubly
serrated,
Peduncles
1-flowered
solitary
K Lwth naked
obLsinuatcd
stalkedcauline
upper oblong
obi. lane.cordate
Stem stem-dosping
simple pub. Raceme
StalksI
S8Lena
naked lower
radicalradical
coarselyterm.
toothed,
SlSy Learntomento*:
bipinnatind
cauline
pinnatrSd,
Flowers cluttered
sessile
M
Lurescutnaked,
Stem
leafy,
Calyxes
woolly,
Pedunc
2-flowcred
,
SlfilLearaorate
oblong
beneathSpikelax
hoary thelower
narrowed at base upper
subcordatc.
Racemes lax panicled
Sltg
Leave*
cordate
acuminate,
downy.
Twolowerstamens
aechn&te
smooth
xlJStem leafy unckly shrubby
IHTVupper
spines veryangular
large converging
at the topprickly
ofthe pericarp
!W5 Leareioratembcordate
Leaveoratesmooth
toothed,
Pericarp
I
smooth
angular
toothed,
Stem
spotted, Pericarp prickly
167 Laim
orate angular,
Pericarps
tuberculated
nodding
H
Leaves cordate
nearlytoothed
entire
pubescent,
Pericarps
prickly
globose nodding smooth erect
Lem
orate
angular
smooth,
Stem
hollow
herbaceous,
-I.'J Ltsresoratelanceolate wavy beneath hoary, Stems dichotomuusPericarps
cornute. Pericarps obovate
71 Laresoblong entire smooth, Calyxes 5-toothed
Lentsoblongenure powdery. Stalks and branches pubescent. Cal.
Leaves lanceolate acute pubescent. Stem rounded
,dl|pt lanceolate
obtuse smooth. Stem rounded, Peduncles long 1-flowered
SU ,Leares1cordate Pedutlc- trichotomous, Genitals very long

Stemherbaceoutthe upperleaves 4together
'-sopposite sessile lanceolate ovJ
^ LestiL
aUnmted, Calyxesclosed acute-angled
2170
_ 9 Laui* fran
. ; ..'<
in the
P"lr !'db' outside, and
and , t0,icvt. ^ ^.,0^"
136
t"381. HYOSCYAMUS. W. HeNaANE.

2180 niger W.
Coinnon
8 annuus
annual
Sy O
O
O
O
p
p
w
w
1
1
2
1
Solaneae. Sp. 13-14.

jn.jl
St
Britain
jn.jl
St
Europe
jl.au
Pa.W. S. Europe
jl.au
R
Egypt
CLAss V.
rub. S. s.1 Eng. bot. 591
1818. S. s.l. Bot mag. 2394
1570. S co Blackw. t. 111
2181 albus Jy.

2182 reticultus W.
white
2183 Senecinis W en
yellow-flowered Y UN w
2184 aureus W.
2185 canarinsis Ker.
golden
Yual w
1 mro Y
Levant 1640. S. r.m.
various-leaved ri. u_J cu 11 jaid
Y
Canaries 1816. D. s.l.
dwarf
Ow
* jl
Y
Persia
1691. D s.l.
urple-flowered Y. A w
1 mrap Pu
Siberia
1777. D. p.
Nightsh.-leav'd Y. A w 1 ap.my D.Pu Carolina 1780. D. p.1
field
O w
1 ap.my Y. Vy Hungary 1820. S. p. 1
le
O w
1 ap.my Y
Hungary 1815. S p.1
blunt-calyxed
O) w
1 mr.ap Y. Pu Egypt
1822. S. p.1
eastern
A or 13 ap
Pu
Iberia
1821. D s.l.
2186 pusillus W.
$2187.physaloides W.
2188 Scoplia IV.
2189 agrstis Kit.
2190 pllidus W. & K.
2191 maticus L.
219.2 orientlis Bieb.
MS82. NICOTIA/NA. W.
2193 Tabcum W.
2194
W. en
2195 frutic
Jy.
2196 undulta R.Br.
Egyptian
ToBAcco.
Virginian
large-leaved
shrubby
14 mro
O
O
2199 glutinsa W.
clamm
O
2200 plumbginiflia we'leave St LA
2201 pusilla W.
Primrose-leav'd Y O
22/2 quadrivlvis Ph.
four-valved
O
2203 nma Lindl.
Rocky-mount.
ICD
2204 Langsdorffii W en. Langsdorff's
O
2205 cerinthoides Lehm. Honeywort
O
2206 repnda W.
Havannah
O
common-green
panicled
Egypt
1640. S. co
Com.hort 77.t?
1812. C. s.l
Bot. mag. 87
Bot reg. 180
Pik. alm. t.37. f.5
Bot mag. 852

Bot mag. 1126
Sweet fl. gard.27
Bot mag. 2414

O clt 4 jlau
Pk
America. 1570. S. r.m Blackw. t. 146
O or 6 jl.au
Pk
America ... S. r.m
rt. u_J or 3 jl.au
Pk China
1699. C. r.m
sweet-scented UA clt 2 mys
2197 rustica JW.
2198 paniculta W.
clt
or
or
or
or
or
cu
or
or
clt
3 jls
3 jls
4 jls
2 my.jn
3 au
2 jl.au
+ jn
5 au
2 au
2 jn.jl
W.
N. S. W. 1800. Dr.m. Bot mag. 673
G
;
S
America 1570.
Peru
752.
Peru
1759.
S co
Vera Cruz 1733.
S. r.m. Milic.2.t.185.f.2
W.
W.
N. Amer. 1811. S. r.m. Bot mag. 1778

N. Amer. 1823. S co Bot reg. 833
Chili
1819. S co Bot mag. 221
G
G
Blackw. t. 437
S. rim Flor:per.2 t-129

S. r.m. Bot rep. 484
America 1816. Dr.m. Jacq. fragm. t.84
1821. S co
Lehm. nic. t. 2
Havannah 1823. S co
......
Bot. mag. 2484

381 Hyoscyamus. From is dog, a pig, and xvaux, a bean; the fruit has been thought to resemble a bean,
and,
dangerous to other animals, is said to be eaten by pigs with safety. H. niger is a well-known
fetid weed, which follows civilized man, growing on rubbish of old houses, dunghills, &c. It has a strong
peculiar odor, greatly affecting the heads of some persons, and the whole plant is reputed poisonous. Sir
al'
J. E. Smith and Professor Martyn say they have often eaten the seeds without suffering inconvenience.
lightfoot, on the contrary, says, a few of them have been known to deprive a man of his reason and limbs.
A species of bug (Cimex) and of beetle (Chrysomela) take their specific names from feeding on the plant;
but no quadruped is known to eat it, unless the goat and sheep, and that very rarely and sparingly. As a medi.
cine, henbane is of immemorial use, and is still continued in the Pharmacopoeias. It is given with or without
opium in coughs, epilepsy, convulsions, &c. Country people sometimes smoke the leaves for the toothach.
.#2. Nicotiana. So named from John Nicot of Nismes, in Languedoc, ambassador from the king of France
to Portugal, who procured the seeds from a Dutchman who had received them from Florida. The first plant
was said to have been presented to Catherine de Medicis, whence the French name Herbe la Reine. The
name tobacco, which has superseded all others, is the appellation of a district of Mexico. Petum or Petune
Bras, Tabac, Fr., Taback, Ger., and Tabac, Ital. The
ies grown as tobacco are the N. tabacum and
rustica; the former greatly preferred. The popular narcotic which it furnishes is probably in more extensive
use than any other, and its only rival is the betel of the east. According to Linnaeus, tobacco was known in
Europe, from 1560. It was brought to England from Tobago in the West Indies, or Tobasco in Mexico, (and
hence the name, by Ralph Lane, in 1586, but only the herb for smoking. Afterwards, according to Hakluyt,
seeds were introduced from the same quarter. Sir Walter Raleigh first introduced smoking; in the house in
which he lived at Islington are his arms on a shield, with a tobacco plant on the top. Smoking has consequently
been common in Europe for upwards of two centuries. It is a powerful narcotic, and also a strong stimulant
with respect to the whole system, but especially to the and intestines, to which, in small doses, it
proves enetic and purgative. The smoke thrown up the anus acts as a glyster: an infusion of the leaves
forms a powerful lotion for obstinate ulcers: the oil applied to a wound, is said by Redi to be as fatal as the
Poison of a viper. The decotion, powder, and smoke of tobacco, are used in gardening to destroy insects, and
in agriculture for the same purpose, and to cure cutaneous eruptions in domestic animals.
Tobacco, as used by man, says Du Tour, (Nouveau Cours d'Agriculture, &c.) gives pleasure to the savage and
the philosopher, to the inhabitant of the burning desert and frozen zone. In short, its use either in powder, to
chew, or to smoke, is universal; and for no other reason than a sort of convulsive motion (sneezing produced
by the first, and a degree of intoxication by the two last modes of usage. A hundred volumes, he adds, have
been written against it, of which a German has preserved the titles. Among these books is that of James
Stuart, king of England, who violently opposed it. The Grand Duke of Moscow forbade its entrance into his
territory under pain of the knout for the first offence, and death for the next. The emperor of the Turks,
king, of Persia, and Pope Urban VIII. issued similar prohibitions, all of which were as ridiculous as those
which attended the introduction of coffee or Jesuit's bark. At present, all the sovereigns of Europe, and most
of those of other parts of the world derive a considerable part of their revenue from tobacco.
Tobacco is cultivated in Europe as far north as Sweden, and is also grown in China, Japan, and other eastern
ORDER I
137
2180 Radic leaves sinuated pinnatifid upper stem-clasping, Flowers nearly sess. Cor netted
2181 Leaves stalked the lowest rounded entire the rest cordate ovate sinuate toothed, Fl. axill. sess or stalked
2182 Cauline leaves stalked cordate sinuate acute, Flowers entire inflated
2183 Leaves stalked 3-lobed cut-toothed, Flowers stalked, Segm. of cor. equal flat
2184 Leaves stalked ovate acute angular toothed, Flowers stalked, Three upper segm. of cor. wavy
2185 Lower leaves cordate ovate angular obtuse, floral ovate entire
2186 Leaves stalked oblong lanc. toothed, Flowers stalked, Calyx teeth mucronate
2187 Leaves stalked ovate cordate entire, Flowers stalked axillary solitary terminal in umbels, Cal. inflated
2188 Leaves stalked ovate obl, entire, Flowers axillary stalked nodding, Cor. camp. trunc. (Scopolina, Schul.)
2189 Stem simple pubescent, Leaves sessile * decurrent sinuate toothed smoothish, Flowers sessile
2190 Leaves stem-clasping angular, radical angular toothed, Flowers sessile 1-colored
2191 Leaves stalked ovate acute angular, Cal. pointless, Bractes undivided
2192 Leaves deltoid ovate repand, Cal. of fruit tumid, stamens exserted
2193 Leaves sessile obl.lanc. acumin. the lower decurr. Mouth of cor inflated, Segm. acuminate
2194 Leaves stem-clasping ovate acute auricled at base, Mouth of cor. inflated, Segm. short acuminate
2195 Stem shrubby simple, Lvs. stalked lanc. obliquely acuminate, Coroll inflated at mouth, Segm. acumin.
2196. Stem nearly sim. Lvs. somew.stlk.d. ov. lanc. wavy, Tube of cor cyl. much longer than cal. Seg. uneq. round
2197 Stem rounded, Leaves stalked ovate entire, Tube of cor cylind. longer than cal. Segment rounded obtuse
2198 Stem nearly sim. Lvs. stik.d. ov, subcord. entire, Tube of cor clav. very sm. much longer than cal. Seg. obt.
2199 Leaves stalked cordate entire, Fl. racemose 1-sided, Cal.2-lipp. upper lip longest, Cor. ringent, Segm. acute
2200 Leaves sessile lower obovate spatulate obtuse upper stem-clasping wavy, Tube of cor. very long clavate
2201 Stem dichot. Lvs. sess radic. obl. oval. Cal. very short, Tube of cor cyl. thrice as long as cal. Segm. acute
2202 Stem herbac. branching, Lvs. stalked obl, Tube of cor twice as long as cal. Segm. obt. Caps. 4-valv. round
2203 Leaves lanceolate hairy, radical longer than the solitary flowers, Petals obtuse
2204 Lower leaves ovate obtuse stalked upper sessile decurrent, Tube of cor clavate long, Limb obtuse
-
2205 Stem branc. at base, Lvs. stikd, all cord ent Tube of cor clav. pub, much long than cal. Seg. very sh. acute
2206 Leaves stem-clasping cord spat roundish repand, Tube of cor slender very long, Segm. ovate acute plic.
21.98
and hot countries... The sort preferred is the N. tabacum, which is an elegant plant, grown also in gardens as
a border flower. N. rustica, Jausse tabac, Fr., Bauern taback, Ger., and Tabacca cimarosa, Span, is also fre
quently cultivated, especially in Europe, it being considered hardier than the Virginian sort. Parkinson says,
he has known. Sir Walter Raleigh, when prisoner in the Tower, prefer it to make good tobacco, which he
knew so rightly to cure. Tobacco has been successfully cultivated and cured in this country, but its growth
is prohibited to encourage our commerce with America. It is now only grown for curiosity as a border flower,
or by gardeners for the destruction of insects.
In Germany and other northern countries, most families who
have gardens grow enough of N. rustica for their own use; but as they do not know how to cure it, it is not
much valued, and is never made into chewing tobacco or snuff.
In the culture of Tobacco in America, the plants are raised on beds early in spring, and when they have
acquired four leaves, they are planted in the fields in well prepared earth, about three #: distance every way.
Every morning and evening the plants require to be looked over, in order to destroy a worm which sometimes
invades the bud. When four or five inches high they are moulded up. As soon as they have eight or nine
leaves, and are ready to put forth a stalk, the top is nipped off, in order to make the leaves longer and thicker,
by directing all the energies of the plant to them.
After this, the buds which sprout from the joints of the
leaves are all plucked, and not a day is suffered to pass without examining the leaves, to destroy a large cater
illar, which is sometimes very destructive to them.
When they are fit for cutting, which is known by the
rittleness of the leaves, they are cut with a knife close to the ground, and, after lying some time, are carried
to the drying shed, where the plants are hung up by pairs upon lines, having a space between, that they may
not touch one another. In this state they remain to sweat and dry. When perfectly dry, the leaves are stript
from the stalks and made into small bundles tied with one of the leaves. These bundles are laid in heaps,
and covered with blankets. Care is taken not to over-heat them, for which reason the heaps are laid open to
the air from time to time, and spread abroad. This operation is repeated till no more heat is perceived in the
heaps, and the tobacco is then stowed in casks for exportation. (Long. Jam. iii. 719.)
In the manufacture of tobacco, the leaves are first cleansed of ' earth, dirt, or decayed parts; next, they
are gently moistened with salt and water, or water in which salt along with other ingredients has been dis.
solved, according to the taste of the fabricator. This liquor is called tobacco sauce. The next operation is to
remove the midrib of the leaf; then the leaves are mixed together, in order to render the quality of whatever
may be the final application equal: next, they are cut into pieces with a fixed knife,
' crisped
or curled
before a fire; the succeeding operation is to spin them into cords, or twist them into rolls by winding them
with a kind of mill round a stick. These operations are all performed by the grower, and in this state (rolls)
the article is sent from America to other countries, where the tobacconists cut it into chaff-like shreds for
smoking, by a machine like a straw-cutter; form it into small cords for chewing; or dry and grind it for
snuff. In manufacturing snuff, various matters are added for giving it an agreeable scent, and hence the
numerous varieties of snuffs... The three principal sorts are called Rappees, Scotch or Spanish, and Thirds.
The first is only granulated, the second is reduced to a very fine powder, and the third is the siftings of the
second sort. The best Havannah segars are made from the leaves of N. repanda. The Indians of the Rocky
Mountains of N. America prepare their tobacco from N. quadrivalvis and
''mana.
138
I
14
111
I .
t*m
IPOMEA.
R.Br.
Convolvulcea.E So.
52170.
2207
wing-leaved
$ 1
oror fi jLs
Indies
1629.
D.R
2208 quamclit
dissccta PA.IV.
cut-leaved
iAJ
10
jn.s
S
Georgia
181.1
Carolina
JE (i
or
2209
Pu Carolina
1732.
1010 jLai... Pa.Y
2210 carotina
tnl n.M Ph.
W.
UilxTous-rooted
or
W.
Indies
1731.
2211
lieg. panicle*!
1799.
five-leaved Jfa rTfl
[CO mor 2020 jn.s
2212 paniciilta
peiiUphJIIa.Jac.
au.8 Pk
W EW.Indies
Indies
2213
urabelutta
!..B. Reg. umbel-flowered
23
orr 20 jn.jl
Indies 1739.
1739.
SPu W.
tubercled
C3
2214
tuberculiU
E
Indies
1815.
10
au.s
22I.">
pendula
R.
Br.
pendulous
or
Pk
N.
S.W.
1808.
10
my.o
2210 Pes-tigridjs IV. palniated
JPJor 6 au It Indies 17
2217 platnsis AVr.
Plata
JE)
oror 104 jn.s
VY S.China
Amer. 1817.
2215
chrvsidcs
Ker.
Mr.
Herbert's
_ lAJ
jn.s
J8I7.
22l9ccrilea
.
pale-blue
O
or
9
jn.s
L.B
Indies 1818.
2220
setsa
Ker.
bristly
JEU
or 109 sau Pu Brazil
1817.
2221
scbra
Gm.
rough
ES
or
W
S.
Amer.
1.
2222 Turpthum
. square-stalked or 5 jLs W Ceylon 17/
222Hutola
W.1.,.
crimson-scarlet
J [Q]
oror 1010 jn.e
jn.e S Carolina 17">9.
2224
coccnea
bright-scarlet
D.R N.
W.Amer.
Indieel713.
2225
lacunsa
"
.
starry
J
or
10
jLau
1640.
2226 gossypiiflia
IV.. splendid
15 jn.a W
Pu
I.
insignu
.
2327 Bona-iiox W.
prickly
itElor
W. Indies 177-i
2228 sangunea
or 101010 jl.au
f.n W
D.R
W.Amer.
Indies 1812.
2229
mutbilis .fahl.
Reg. blood-flowered
changeable JJi_|or
my.s
Pu
S.
1812.
IM*
hoary
JiAJor
15
jn.au
W
N.
Ayer.
1776.
1 Jilapa /'A.
Jalap
J
iAJ
m
10
au.s
Li
America
1733.
m 10 au.s R
2 hepaticiflia W. -colored
Hepatica-leaiv'd_iJt 11
or 10 aits Pu
E. Indies 1759.
233
iolaniflia
IV.if. Nightshade-lvd.JS 9 or 8 j1.au Pk America 1759.
SSM
campanulta
bell-flowered
|
Indies 1800.
au.s PU.W
2215
violcea
I.
purple-flowered
[Q] ororor 88 au.s
Pu S.E Amer.
1732.
22.46
crnea
W.
flesh-colored ]
1790.
10 au.s FS S.W.Amer.
2237
reinda
scolloped
r
Indies
1793.
10
au
22:
siblrica
P.
S.
Siberian
Jfc
or
F
Siberia
1779.
8
jLau
22.9 ipeciosa P. S.
broad-leaved g4 I I or
Pu
EAmerica
Indies 1629.
1778.
2240 purpurea
i*. 5. great-purple
oror 108 JLau
jn.e
D.Pu
Jiesh-colorcd
jf
F
America
1629.
10
jn.s
y incamta
varia
striped
St America 1629.
2241
discolor
Ji ororor 2010 jn.s
jn.s VB.w W. Indies 1752.
2242
triloba
W.Jae.If. spotted
three-lobed
1010 jn.jl
224.3
hederiflia
Ivy-leaved
or
jl
VKB &America
Amer. 177a
2244
P. S. . Reg. blue
(] or jLs
1597.
224" Nil
hedercea
five-lobed JJt oror 1010 jLs
LPu &N. Amer.
Amer. 1732.
1729.
2246
cuspidta
P.
S.
sharp-pointed
10
jn.jl
2247
tamniflia
Tamnus-leaved
or
W Carolina
1732.
2248
r~] or 108 jls
EE Indies
2249 grandiflora
muricta Jac.B.Rsp. great-flowered JjQ]or
Pu
Indies 1802.
1777.
2250 obscura B. Reg. rough-stalked
hairy
Q] or 88 jl.au
jn.au W E Indice 1732.
2251
eagiltiflia
Ker.
Cateeby's
Pu
Carolina
1819.
or 36 jn.e
2252
mdium R. Br. arrow-headi A E)
2253
denticulta
denticulate
Indies 1778.
1778.
Jt Q or
or 6 jl.au
jLau YPa EE Indies
2254
glauriflia
W.
glaucous-leaved'
66 jLau
my.jl Pk India 1800.
2s 55 angustifolia Joe narrow-leaved
2256 tridentata i. 5. tritid
or 10 jl.au Y E Indie* 1778.
2257 martima . . thick-leaved -*G3]or 10 jnjl
ES. Amer.
Indies 1770.
1726.
Brazilian
or 10 jn.jl
2217 2222
Class V.
S e.p
r.m Bot mag. 844
r.m WiLphy.l.t2.f.S
DilLelt 184X98
s.p
Bor.
reg.
s.p
Bol
reg. 768
(St. 319
SIl s.p
Jac.
ic.2
r.m Bot.
PIu.am.88.tI02
Lp
reg.
86
Lp Bot. rep. 6IS
s.p DiLeLt318.f.411
S r.m Bot reg. 333
SS r.m
Bot
reg.
270
Bot.
reg.
276
SS r.m
r.m
Bot
reg.
335
SS r.m
r.m
Bot
mag.
2093
r.m Bot mag. 221
S r.m
Bot
rep.
499
r.m
s.p Dill.elttSZf.102
Bot reg. 75
S s.1e.) Bot
mag.
Bot
reg. 399752
R p.l
Bot
reg.
p.l
Bot
mag.
r.m Bot mag. 1603
1572
S r.m Bu.in.50.t20.f2
Bot. reg. 621
PIum.ic.t94f.I
Rhd. mal.ll.t56
SS s.1e.p
* 1 Plum.
ic. t9S.f.l
am.
26.811 18
S 8.1 Jac.
Par.
lond.
S s.p
Pa.itap.723.t.K.
mag. 2446
p.l Bot.
Bot mag. 113
SSS
Bot mag. 1682
SS el Bot mag. 10U5
Pl. ic.82. L9a f.2
S s.1 Bot.
mag.
SS .
Bot
reg. 85188
e.p
S s.p D.Fl.per.2tll9f.a
dt.t318f.410
SS
Bot sch.3.t323
rep. 403
SS s.1s.p Jac
Bot reg. 239
S to Bot reg. 437
SS
Bot reg. 317 101
S s.1 DiLclt.t87.f
Jac. ic. rar. t317
s.p Rhd.maLll.t65
SR s.p
reg 319
e.p Bot
Plu.am59.tl0
m Ivomara F
, Vie, Propagation, Cult*.
is nearlv
alli!si<*t
to (WnltnbT^'
*, u.Calystefna^'V,Weeti> or 11nt-thing
analogous,
and *,
similar. freeThi*
gm
and
of
the
culroln
i
.
chiefly
of twining
stove plants,
flowerci
evergreen,
thickly
covnr)
-,L
i
,larRe
a ',UntmiU
of Sreat
beauty
and
fragrance.
In Jamaica
it
it
may
be
carried
nl
?VC*r
*J2d
"owers,
and
much
used
to
shade
arbors.
BrowBrown!
j
iiuj !>e
nuL!
_u ofc 300
*l /1
uwi-is,
idul-
plant
snancabounds
aiuu. with milk,
Dumativo
i 18 ai!
feetbe* inmade
length.frommm
Every
part usen
of theIx>ureiro
isil purgative.
th ni.a".
lenth.
edible,
lftmka
Scammony
might
ite
tubers,
and
affirms
them
to
its tutor*, mid nfirms
OlDIl t.
130
| 1.Pedunc
Leaeet
digitate,
orpalmate.
07
Larapinnatepinne
filiform,
a ptniuiU,
littletoothed,
longer
than
leafabout
1-flowcred
.V- . - ; ScgmenU narrow
pinnatitid
Pedunc.
2-rlowercd
2
Learadipute, Leaflets
Pedunc.
l-1iowered
S-I" Smooth,
Lurepalmate.
Lobet 7 stalked,
lanceolate
acute lane
entire,
Pedunc
ffill
Leavespalmate,
Lobes7
oblong
entire.
Cyme*3-flowered
dichotomoua, C&l. equal obtuse, Ca[<e. mi
BIS
Leansdipute
in5*
hairy
entire.
Seeds
smooth
Lestes
digitate
in7,
Peduncles
umbelled
very
short
Leaves
dipute
or
nearly
pedate7.parted
smooth,
Stalks
warted
Pedunc. 1-flowered
J Leavepilmile
pedate.
Lobes
ciliate mucrunatc at end, Peduncrough,
1-nowercd
Silo
Lea*
[alrnate,
Flowen
aggregate
17 Bnnchei peduncles and petioles tubcrcled, Leaves palmate, Lobes 7 narrow oblong with a short point
HIS Learn obi. cordate rarely obsokteW
Peduncangular,
1-. shorter
than leaf, Calyx very smooth
'. -. o-lobed,
Leaves
cordate,
or lobed.
'"in
a ronllte
itobed
"dlous,andPedunc.
2J-fl.
ofcor.
entire.
Stigmas
H
ranchn
penolcjLeaves
peduncles
calyxesPedunc
brisUy,Edge
Leaves
nakednearly
cordate
;J-(obed,
Lobe*3-lobed
tooth sinuatcU
._l
twimnp,
cordate
ilobed,
longer
than
petiole,
Fruit
nodding
2 Uaia
*em t.mm,
cordate"wlii
fcffi'i"
naked
atc
iobcJ
a
cwdate
angular,
Stem
membranous
square,
Peduncles
many-flowered
Lear cordate
acuminate
angular, PiwirnT
Pedunc
first diphnt/w
M4 ,
iwhruminate
1 -
many-flowered
Lvs
r-angular
22 ""te cute eniirt twj "1" emfafc rartrt
5?{milobM
K1 lllcwered spotted with
S Stra ," 4r!"f Auricle, cum,na
Class V.
140
Convolvulcea.
Sp. 34185.
t3&t. COXVOL'VULUS. W. Bind-wbed
Eng. icbot.313
JT.ft.nco
2Vi
arvcnsis
YV. IK. small
i A "m 11Q6 jn.8
il au FW
DU Britain
levant
>.
Sa
scammnia
scmroom
_i
U
Pk
N.
S. W. ST
ii Js-'r.m MillBot magL tMI1
22i1 erubcscens . Jf. Maiden-blush M or 6 juu Pu Ina
/. Dco Bot reg. 322
262 japnicus Fahl. Japanese
J"
reg. 222
*i_Jor IS ln.1 \V.pu India 1805.
1597. RR si. Bot
Rbed.maL7.tS0
3 pannU&liW H . cloth-leaved
acit i2
tuberous
4 Batatas
Bot mag. 2205
Francel818.
^S3or 126 jn.au
2255
PoM involucrated
jn.s W.pU
W.pu IsL
N. Amer.
17J2- R P ' Bot mag. 1999
Virginian
2266 bicolor
pandurtus
ins Pk
Levant
1597.
RR *-\jJ Bot.
Bot. mag.
mag. 359
i>43
2267
althieoldcs
W. R M. Althaa-leaved
-* i_J
oror 1Ijffi
Pk
China
8CJ
828
Iiryoniicfliui
Bryony-leavcd
Plum.ictSl.f.l
10
jtau
Pu
S.
Amer.
2fi macrocpme W. long-fruited . , < r 12 my.jn W Cayenne 1806. 1> Aub-guL t53
smooth
2270 glber
mag.
8151
Canaries
Indies 1808.
__
oror 20 jl.s
mag.
1228
2271 pentnthus . M. flve-flowered
1690. R e.1s.
my.s
Pu
l_l
lond.45
Madeira
I.
R
s.1
2272 canariens W. Canary
myjn Pk
mealv-stalked
J;iO
lJ oror 6fi jl.s
181ft
S
2273
farinosas
W.
Pk
hairy
Rhd.matll.t53
227+cilitus
W. en. great-Ceylon 5 123 or 20 jl
Pk Ceylon 17J9. R r.m
2275
_i iAI or 5 au.s W Peru 1799. R r.m Jac ic.2. t315
2276 mximus
Hermnateff. W. Peruvian
I
jn.au
Europe 16jft
small-flowered -* or 1 jl.au LB
W &Canarios
1815. SS Bot
Bot. reg.
reg. 445
*
2277
2278 sculue
clongtusW. W. en. long-peduncled -* or
D
Cyrill.
fa9C.
l-t5
2271
Imperti W.Vhl. creeping
Imperati's Jt LJ
oror 11 .. YPu Naples
Rum5.tl55.LI
E. Indies 1824.
1806. RS p.1
22Xrptans
3
jn.au
E.
Indies
1804.
2281 hrtus W.
hairy-stalked J:
RS r.m
Bot. reg. 33
1 il pk Madeira 1788.
J.|_Jor
shrubby
2282
euflYuticsus
H.
.
1789.
R s.1 Jac.col.4.L22.f.2
Tri.ab.9l.tPI.te
O
or I* feta LPu Majorca
Majorca
223 pentapetalo.des W. dwarf
S.
Europe
1714mus.l3.t96
2284.mctus W.
S. Europe 1796. R s.1p.1
W
jn
J* iAJ
or
Botmag.49
rock
2285
saxtil
W.
Pk Levant 1640.
lJ
or 31| my.9
ilvery-leaved
R Lu
Bot.
mag.3.289t29S
2286
Cneruin
fV.
1770.
Pk
my.s
Jac.
au.
Je
L_Jor
narrow-leaved
2287
Europe 1680.
mv.s FPk S.Levant
_*Jr oror 1 jn.il
2288 linearis
cantbricaW. W. Flax-leaved
s.1
1806.
s.1 Vent choix. .5
2289 scoprius
DorycniumW.W. silky-leaved
1733
W Canaries
- I i or 21 J au.s
p.l Jac. ic. L t34
Broom
2290
Canaries
1779.
Pk
au.s
many-flowered
S Bot mag. 27
2*>1 flridus W.
three-colored -* or 3 jl.au St a Europe 1629.
2292 tricolor W.
Convolvulcea.
Sp.
11
SlLVKK-WEED.
( Bot reg. 661
385.
2293ARGYREIA.
cuneSta . Lour. wedge-leaved M- CD r 2 au.s Pu E. Indies 1822.
Nemopihla. cu itST VXmer.lKe. S Bo., mag. 2373
t38ft NEMOTHILA. shady
2294 phacelioides
Convolvulcea.
Sp. 37.
_.7
S13
Bearbinix
387. CALYSTEGIA. . Br.
j,,, W ^-^
2295 sepium
R. Br. great-hedge
red-flowered _Î oror< 18f jn.s
i/icama
Hungary
1815.
R
jn.s
N. Amer. 1796. -
2296
sylvestris W.PA.en. wood
emall.upright 3 or 11 ilInj
Britain eash.R ..1 bot S
2297
epitham'a
2298 Soldiinlla R, Br
HlstoiTf, Use, Propagation,

Culture,
^lTifôv^,m^7^'!
* ,hC
cxtcn.lve
anrt the
twining, a r^Tro ZubovTanu c"^:i"c~
rj%3j?
1,, genua
"umbCTofof
^beauty,
herb,CWm
.Idem a" a'celain' todSon ?;,'',1.0<"*- di,Bcult note In gardens or corn-field. : It i. conroptt,
which
thi2^XiVaS
r"*"'
fi>r'*-tof3"*")"
11
gummy rein ofandthatcontain
name from
the
jmce.
The top
or ,|"
. for
,v!J^f'
?,">
twelve
inchesinthe
inacircumference,
a ormilky
Haced
close
to
the
w.',m
7
Ca"h'
"
"
cut
through
sloping
direction,
and
a
shell
cup
< a stimulating cathartic
J
run tot* ll,is jui hardened is the true .carnrnony, chiefiy useil
orthence
.Ktotoes,
to Nieremberg)
skirret.
of Pern,
Spanish
ffi
'** ,,j'd'S
its name*"din ih!MArabiaMexfe
(.)Wording
im,K,rte<lU.SW'"mtt'
he ,, ?,^
SIM"
from
the West
writers,ItthewasSolanum
tuberosum
be& thtT^
scnrccly
ff?'
known 11in"c,me
Europe.
thoflrstl",alol!
The
batatas
of Shakspcare
is cultivated
and contemporary
InIndies,
all thefrom
tro.
Or: ti I.
PENTANDRIA MONOGVNIA.
i L' Peduncles
, ,
na
ffi
ngiiute
acute
at
each
about
1-flowered
Ltm
uptute
truncate
behind,
Peduncle*
rounded
3-rtowcred
ail Ixjw wittatebehind
Pedunc
axillary
*.fioirea
aSLd'aUikfobtchaiUte
acute,sinuate
Auriclek|kuu1,
Uoothed
behind.
Steinsolitary
simple, about
Peduncles
1-Huwered
.Pedunc.
Climbing;
teavei
cordateBract.
kastute.linear remote from calyx
m
Laracontatohrtate
hirsute,
about
3-flowercd,
Learacorlohrtale an8ular lobed 3-iwrved smoothish, Pc.1. long, . Anc. bcpals lam-col. acuminate
4angular
Climbing;
teair*
cordait-1-rlowered,
tabea. Outer seiial* bract-liKC
S leracorditetillou
Peduncle*
Sahiltsctnt,
Leavebroadat thebaic
cordate entire
or lobed,
lobed tkldlc-sliaiwd,
Pedunc. long, tlowers
t
.
4.
Clmbine;
leaves
qunate
or
palmate.
lijmcnrdtefinite
iiikylobcf
rcianil,
Pedunc Si-flowered
8
Lwt7.Io1I
palmate
hispid
middle
lobe
sinuated
drawn
out,
Pedunc ai". solitary very long jointed. 2*9 VejMtm,
Lnm(ulnutepedateS-mrted,
PeduncLeaflet*
l.flowcrcil
MO
Litesdigitate qunate,
(talked acuminate entire, Pedunc. branched divaricating
\ Climbing;
haves
or snbeordatc.
SETI Leimoblongcordate
acuminate
subrepandvillous,
smooth,cordate
Pedunc.
umbdlcd 5.flowered, Flowen sessile
TS
Lewicordate Kantete
pubescent.
Stem perennial
Pedunc.
irony.flowered
CJbinwan
repana,
Pedunc
3-flowered,
Stein
mealy
&4Leiratontitootate
acuminate
ciliated,
Heads
sulked
very
hairy
an invotucrum
K.5 Lamunateovate acuminate entire smooth, Stein and leaf-stalkswith
smooth
26Twomlae, Leaves cordate oolong obtuse subrciund, Pedunc longer than stalk, Limb acute
7
tiara corditeovatecusp.
cord otate upper acute.
Pad
1-tL
shorter
than
lane,
cal.
\ fi,longer
Prostrate;
leavetleaves,
cordate.Brades
Lara
Pod. ifl.
than leaves,
Bractcs
lin. subul.
shorterlonger
than than
partedciliated
iwdunclc
\ 7. Piostrate; cordate
leaves cordate
lobed
or hastate.
Learnpanduritormorentiremargnate
at
base,
Peduncle*
1-flowcred,
Stem
creeping
Una
[ra cordateaud
nutate Lanceolate,
Auricles
rounded, Stem
Peduncles
sotocwhat
hastate
Stem creeping,
and leaf-stalks
hairy,1-flowered
Peduncles many-fl
\ 8. Prostrate;
villous.
villous,
St.
leaves
ovate
or oblong and tincar.
' nceolate.
Stem
ascending
villnim.
sw'
leobtuse n '
S
nidS * nearly erect

: "WH,
tar lanceolate
^C 1ru"''
Bra"ch
'WO
Stem telmerHo.SiS,"'
I'ran,i"l
compouS
^wdguhard
"We.hchlndo
fffi!4 Lota iiipi].
-Kl VT"* from """'""I"!

b^S^'
rtrunc. entire, Bract. longer than cal. twice aort a. ,.

Mmded 1-. Bract ovate obunllated, gâm^.
''lhclove"'1)
- I texture ib I " f
O.A1S V.
143
1.
Cobju.
f388.
Cam. climbing
|_ lAJor 20 my.o Pu Mexico 1792. S pi Bot. mag. 851
2299COB'A
scndens Can.
Sp. 216.1726. l.p Ex. bot 1. 1. 13
CaTU*..
SUR
CANTUA.
K.
3 Polemoniace.
au s S Carolina
^ Ol
2300 coronopiflia W. riet
oror 2 e.n America 1793. S Kx.boL 1. tl4
S-JOI inconspcua . small-blue
Sp. 25. 1824. .m Cav.ic6.t365
HolTZU. m i_j or 3 Poletnojuacear.
\ HOITZIA. Cae. scarlet
...... SPa. Mexico
2.
coccnea
Cao.
1
Mexico
1824. r.m Cav.ic6.t366
*l_Jor
blue
2303 escruten
Convolvulcea.
Sp.
1.
Rktzii.
391.
RET'ZIA.
7TL
K I 1 eu 4 my.jn Br C. G. H. ... Lp Lam.iU.tl03
2304spicta 7'.
PrimvJacea?. Sp. 18.
302.
LUBl'NIA.
Comm.
Lmimi
2305 atropurprea / . dark-purple iA) cu 2 ... Pu CG.R 1820. Lp H. be*. 27
1393.
EPA'CRIS. .R,ft-.Br. rigid
Epicris.
.p
- Epacridea:
iimr Pu SpN.N.618.
& W. 1803.
2306
s.p Bot.
Bot mag.
mag. 844
1170
aW.
1804.
43 ja.jn
ap.jn Pk
2307 purpurscens
pulchlla . ewect-scented
s.p
Bot
mag.L 982t40
N.
S.W.
1803.
S
23U8
grandiflra
R.
Br.
crimson
a.p
Ex.
bot
a W. 1804. lp
32 ap.jn
ap.jn W
W N.
2509
obtusiflia
.
.
blunt-leaved
V.Di.L
2310
. . . exsortent
N. a W. 1812.
1822, Lp
2
2 exserta
microphflla
email-leaved
Epacrideaj.
Sp.
48.
t394.
STYPHE'LIA.
.
.
Styphilia.
Bot
reg. 24312
N.
S.W.
18073
ap.jn
G
2312
longiflia .,.
long-leaved * \i || oror 4 ap.jn G N. S.W. 1791. Lp
Bot
2313
S e.p
a.p
Bot reo.
mag. 1297
N.
S.
W.
1796.
Pk
4 viridiflra
triflra . .. green-flowered
three-flowered i_J or 66 my.au
s,p
Smilhn.hol.tl4
2315 tubiflra . . crimson
\ | my.au N. S.W. 1802.
395.
..Daphne-leaved
Lissanthe. \ | or 3 Epacridea;.
jjl W Sp.V.16.
Holl. 1818. i.p Bot cab. 466
2316LISSAN'TH
daphnoldcs R ,
Sal&
Epacridea.
396.
ASTROLOGA.
.
.
Artroloma.
2317 humifusum . . Juniper-leaved il \ 1 or 2 my.o S N. S.W. 1807. . Bot mag. 1439
397.
. ..
Spukxoelia. i ) or 2 Epacridea.
ap.jn F Sp. 1-2. 1793. bp Bot mag. 1719
2318SPRENGET.!
incamta R. Br.
flesh-colored
Epacridea. Sp. ie.
398.
. Andersonia.
2319ANDERSCXNIA.
iprengelioldes ... Sprengelia-like
i I or 2 mr.jl Pk N. HolL 1803. s.p Bot mag. 1645
Epacride.
Sp.25.
t399.
LYSISE'MA.
Br.
Lybinema.
J.N. &S.W.
W. 1804.
~1804. l.p
W
2320 pfingemi
Br. pungent
** \I II oror 2
l.p Bot
Bot mag.
mag 844
1199
f.ap
R
rbrum
red
2321 attenutum Ut narrow-flower'd* i | or 2 tap Pk N. S. W. 1812. Lp Bot cab. 38

Epacride.
25t400.
MONOTOCA.
.. Mo.notoca. i_J or 8 my.au W N. S. W. 1802.
2322
2323 elliptic*
lineta .R..Br. elliptic
lned
i_J or 6 my.au W V. DLL. 1804. e.p Lnov.holl.Lt61
Propagation,
... ; of Barna<1ezHistory,
Cobo, Use.
a Spanish
Jesuit, Cuttutt,
who wrote upon suhjects of natura1
about
the
middle
of
the
17th
century.
The
name
arose
the most
reenhouse climltcr known, having been found to grow 200with
feetCavanilles.
in length inThis
one issummer
^*VJ(tory.
shooUare
wIDofthrive
almost
open
air
during
summer,
but
is
destroyed
by
frost
;
' ,,tj](,riveM
tonlvwill
equally
well
in
the
t
annual,sownor early
at most
of biennial
duration.
strikes
sand
moistgreenhouse
heat, butorna
K^1.
umiuu.in aIt*itove,
~willin... flower
- inin the
, which,
in spring,
and forwarded
open
,r , uD
season.
From
Canin,
the
native
name
of
the
genus
among
the
Peruvians,
Pretty
greenhouse
plants,
389. seen
Cantua.
rarely
in
garder
plant
in
Mexico.
A
handsome
plant
with
brilliant
scarlet
flowers.
390. Hottxia. Hoitzitfrm
is the
name ofseed,
this but i very rare in collections.
^SlâS^SS
t-.t
after John
professor
of with
botanywhorled
at Lund,lanceolate
in Sweden.
1>Nmod
.T<Vtation.
A Kct*'U*
small upright
shrub
leaves,HisandObservation
clustered brown
nowert, almost hidden
among
the leaves.
*\,*\
if"?*
de^.cfted
bv fommcreon to M. de Saint Lubin, a French officer who travelled in the
SB1S[TrrL
F
v , antl,y Vth
M,'cndinK
nnd and
fleshyWf,
smooth
leaves,
ofa thing
little merit.
. .
the
4me1
lTter
fmm tT-stcmI",
thegenus,
top ofwhich
: because
in New Zealand
nVEK
th<ton
ofhp
mountains.
A most
Sweet
"bestd
alwa^Kn.H.V*^ ro,'t,1,"and1nit,re 10
the ornamental
soil is, the better
the pUntl
willobserves,
thrive: thrives
these shou
are
or
,
v
mil
1
'
bevc
thc7
turn<*l
ot
ofdoors
in
sprinp.
as
their
roots
are
so
ven"
fine,
a.
brown assU
aTthnrnShTh vr,
nd lhe ^ Sn 'bat
thc hot nm
comin* 4**
" dotniyi
ami
theyunder
look
bell-K
to recover!
Young
cutting,
planted
inthem,
pot*strike
of sand
in summS mu
vt^Sî'^^^
l JnitnH ! Ucr'and,or are
ParI>'veryin difficult
fipri,1K.Kne'J
*
rike
root
readily,
hut
tb-v
will
not
so
readily
" mall pou, anu'set inicise frame, and mu,t be
394. Styphelia. A name derivad from
dcnsC( in nnusion to tIlc compact habit of the genus. Erect
PENTANDRIA MONOGYMA.
143
* Fto,m du<I hidden ,8 ,e toe,

h, dTk^ , obovatej S[cn i
Miicvouieattenuated
at end,flatabove
concave
at edge,
Branche
BB Uamoblonghnceolale
Lar aboTiteoblong
obtuse
mucronate
smooth
abovesmooth
roughish
at edge,
1 lowersputtcscent
spreading
flat glaucoua
Branches
Ftowera
corymboee,
Fed. 1-3-fl
ub Liivaliimrobovatemucronate
roughsmooth,
above revolute
at smooth,
edge, Flowers
nodding
1-5-flowered
barn eipt lanceolate concave with a short callous point, Segro. cor. smooth
7Prostrstemuch branched, Leaves lanceolate linear convex above ciliated at edge
then connatebearded, CaL colored, Leave* long acuminate
13Lwespreadingwith a flatpoint
Cor. mouopetalous, Tube entire sjlong as cal Leaves orate acuminate spreading
lorasmilecordateacuminate pungent recurved, Cal imbric aa long as narrow tubeofcor.
afcaSk"
Brgate
axillary Leave*
solitary,oblong
>vmacute
cllipt.flatoblong
4 time broader than
Hillary*11
few.flowrml
noddingorstalked,
mucronate
4L ,
* f*
#2 ^
^cSh^^wrfVewW nrf MituUanemu Particular!

^rerÂ^" 4 Wh " -ucronXVM
o theCulture
little
. mue
bushes,at with
erect,,
flowers.
i*H Historia
jj hnf"'Keiof Herbaria:
Curt Sprengel,
professor
Halle,axillary
in Raxonv,
a learned
man
is a monument
information.
mu, ileliithting
In a shady aspect,
sandy peatofsoil,industry
and dryandbottom.
They This
mustisbea
gmwins. freely. Cutting* root in sand under a bell-gins*,
ndk n th il Am*ISi1,
Browric.f"rmerly
fim, afterdirector
Williamofthe
Anderem,
surgeon,
who died; and
in Cook's
**ÂsiW
Ijotanicala navy
garden,
St. Vincents
frwlj
in
wnd,
nT.""'!"*Wlth
the pots
*P0,hr*riw'
garden,
ChcWea.
According
tonolSweet,
this lastly,
genusit,
srtvmK*htetn*
i
II
drained
,
ami
care
should
be
taken
to
ovcr-water
*'kslfjssieWjn iss371. "T*1
' *hen tnc)'
cldom
recover.oft", thev
The should
vcrv young
topssinglv
put inin small
for cuttings,
*VMkes
When
first
potted
1put
thumb.
!
CkJwE -J ? *
hardened toor the
air by and
degrees."
. CWt; but
133.)the applica'^lsesetitSrfS
Vt^da separation
solutinn,
.-,,rough
a stamen
(tg^^T t?v*TO
^rubsvLiti.ihe
habit ofEbactia,
The) Dtefcr
ttBfj soO, andcuttings
^^^mSSLTU^ 5 hirth. nw
Class V.
144
Sp.
Epaeridae.
Br. 1,.
401.
LEUCOPfTGON.
. small-flowered
s.p
Bot
rep. 287
1790.
S, S.S. W.
W JN.
* it or 126 my.au
2324
lanceoltue
R.Br.
Lp
Cav.ic.4.tS47.l
1815.
W.
Heath-leaved >iI
i I oror 3 ...... Pk
Lp
Linn.
trans.8.t.S
2
ericoldes
.
Sr.
1815.
N.
S.
W.
W
stem-clasping
232fi amplexicaUs R.Br. Juniper-leaved *i I or 3 ap.jn W N. S.W. 1304. Lp Bot cab.
447
2327 juniperinua R. Br. R. Br. Strn-anthera.
Sfi.S.W.
1811.
Lp
Bot
reg.
218
Epacridex.
402.
STENANTHE'RA.
6
my.jl
S
Pne-leavcd
*
i
I
or
2328 piniflia R.Br.
So. 1014. 1808. p.l Rott 1480
Azalea. l_J or 4 Rhodorace.
f403. AZA'LEA. Indian
SPu China
23290 ndica
China
1819. p.l
44 mr.my
mr.my
*\
I
or
purprea plf double-purple
p.l Bot. reg. 81 1
China
St China 1824.
Variegated
* Il II oror 4 mr.my
y5 ta
variegta
I8ia p.l
mr.my
W
pure-white
cab. 1255
Si //
p.l Bot.
China
1822.
4
mr
my
orange
l
)
or
Bot
YY Turkey 1793. LL s.p
yellow
* oror 66 my.jn
Bot mag.
mag. 433
2383
2330 aurantiaca
i>6iitica 1.
s.p
my.jn
glaucous
gy glauca
L
s.p
W N. Amer. 10. L . Bot. mag. 1721
white-flowered
ft oror t4 my.jn
albijtra
my.jn
orange
m
2331flammea
calendulcea Ph. flame-colored ft or 4 my. n R N. Amer. 1812. L sp Bot reg. 145
p
1812.
N.
3 my,
downy
2332
Ph.
LL ssp
17.34.
N.N. Amer.
Amer.
my. Iinn Pk
Pit
naked-flowered
ft oror 34 my.
2333 canscens
nudiflra
Bot.
s.p
1734.
Amer
S
small-scarlet
coccnea
Bot. mag.
cab. 624180
LL s.p
17.34.
Amer.
43 my.
nn S N.
large-scarlet
Fy specisa
s.p
1734.
N.
Amer.
my.
orange
nurntin
LL ss.pp
17S4.
N.
Amer.
34 my.jn
Ful
copper-tutored ftft
6t cuprea
1734.
N.
Amer.
my.jn
D.R
deep-red
rtilans
I, s.p Bot reg. 120
1734.
N.
Amer.
5
my.jn
L.R
ft
paie-rcd
crnea
LL sp
1734.
Amer.
3 my.jn VV N.
ft
early.white
1734.
N.
Amer.
44 my.jn
St
variegated
J9-f] l.'.V.
papilioncea
LL s.p
ap
1734.
my.jnIn WW N.N. Amer.
five-parted
*
or
t partita
s.p
1734.
Amer.
semi-double
ft
or
semiplna
1734.
Amer.
L*p
4
my
doublc-fimvered
ft
or
Trew.ehret
flore pleno
LL s.p
Amer. 1734.
N. Amer.
42 jl.au
my.jn
two-colored
r
Meerb. ic.2. 1.43
t9
2334
bicolor
PA.
s.p
17,34.
viscid
* or 3 Lau
2335 viscosa
PA.
L
s.p
1734.
N.
Amer.
common-while
or
odorta
Lp
17.34.
N.
Amer.
3
jl.au
striped-fiowercdit
or
Vittlit
L &.p
N. Amer.
Amer. 1734.
narrow-petaled
ft or 34 Lau
yfuta PA.
1812.
N.
Lau
shining-leaved
233
Bot. reg. 41*
1734.
LL Lp
s.p
N.
Amer.
2
n
dwarf-glaucous
ft
or
2337 nitida
glauca Ph.
1734.
l.p Dend. brit 6
N.
Amer.
15
n
tall-glaucous
ft
or
2338 hspida PA.
Rhodorace. Sp. 1.
LA. CllAM.ELEDON.
404.
*- or i .my Pit Britain se ma L s.p Eng. bot 855
2339'.
procmbens Lk. trailing
So. 13.
Brexia.
405.
BREX'IA.
Sor.
j *' Mauritius 1812. s.p Bot reg. 730
2340madagascarinsisP.. Madagascar J or 30 Rubiceas.
! p.R1. Indies 1820. f
SSAKE-ROOT.
40ft
OFHIOKHl'ZA.
Z,.
common
- or 3 mv.d W
2341 Mungos L.
331 ,
History, Use,
Culture,the segments of the e*Hf'J , m
401. Uucopogon.
From >.w*,
,Propagation
a beard,
bearded.
A very extensive
genus white,
of smallandshrubs,
with
spikedbecause
axillary or termina] flowers. nuwro >T
Miaersonia.
, in inw
... ^Mllt^notjr)
From <{,
and e>W
the anther
402.
broadStenatithera.
as its (ilament
A bushnarrow,
with pine-like
leaves,anandanther
erect; large
scarlet being
blossoms.
-u
Andersonia.
dry, arid; either in allusion to the places where the plant pows, -to the
403.
Azalea.
From
is a verv ornamental genus, from its abundance ut flowers .
t
brittle
dry nature
of its smell
wood.11d. ofThis
most
of the species.
but and
",-."
colors,
fragrant
,v t
heat in and
roughthepeat
well drained.
According
to Sweet, A.". itindica
thrivesis the
bestmost
in a delicate,
sandy ]>cat,
tne ^
i ". t0'be well
drained with taken
small pieces
ofover-water
potsherd : itit: should
be setit inshould
an airylie part
of theto i""^8^"
JuJ (Vt
in a if
not tocuttings
summer
exposed
tne otojeusand,
an,win
* rpartiiy
sunny situation. Young
taken od'inclose
to the plant, and
planted
in pots
rom
Jtll(1i
plunged
in
heat
under
a
bell-glass."
(Bot.
Cult.
144.)
T.
Blake
keeps
his
plants
'*
"i
P
an"
hoiiec
always in the greenhouse till thev are in flowering state, and then he removes them to tne nini ' the
1US
sudden
heat
causing
the
blossom
to
open
the
better."
(Hort.
Trans,
iv.
133.)
J.
Nairn
uses
the
y*Von
part of peat-earth and sand ; he placee them in a considerable heat, and always m the shade, ana ^lhe
^
plants
March,offheclose
thentoraises
temperature
50 toin60.poisofsana,
his W ]
cuttingsexhibit
of theblossom
young buds
wood,in taken
that the
which
is ripened,from
planted
anu j
under
bell-glass.
. r
Theahardy
Azaleas
are besta moist
grownpeat
in compartments
groupssituation.
by themselves,
with isotfter
buropean
plants
requiring
soil, and ratheror ehady
Whereor peat
not toAm
oe am , (he
PENTANDRFA MONOGYNIA.
H
SlSikrtflowered, leaves oblong iliglitly pubescent on both idea, Flowers email not viscid, Onosegn
<*enrollahupid,
linearLeave*
4tunumeoor
ai Wing a*onllicboth
otherssides with the nerve hispid, 1 teeth very short
. round
Brancha
Brtachnonih, Uaves malloblanceoUte mucronate coriareous with a hispid nerve, Flower* viscid
hispiii, Leaves
acuteLeave*
smoothlong
on both
sides glauc.
with a hispid
nerve, FL very viecid
-^Brjnth
Bnocti upright
verj hispid,
lanceolate
hispidbeneath
aDove, Flowers
very viecid
m 1longnarrow entire with thrown edge
DBIbtaljspecies
2*C
.,ent,,.H .' """""" 1,10 **"< .oru<l
!/"* ^thTu-5v .
he well
by ibe
-.. axuiary
Class V.
6
1785. r ra Bot mag. A3
Hispanio. 1818 S . Und. coli %
S& . 1816. .
409.
CLA,^1li J nor
%XCLAVIJA.
raacrophylUPli"FL per. ,lmig-loaved
or 30
ju ... w
Apoey%:. ^Hungary 18L Bot. mag. SOffl
410 VIK'CA. W.
FBftiwiNkLB.
Eng. bot.
S herbcea If. . herbaeeou
4 mr.s V Britain
Britain bU.pL
... S 00
>46 minor
. te-e
J*
44 mr.l
BriUin
00
VV
% aureo tarkgata goid-stnped
*-*~ 4 mr.s
double
I S * bot 514
&jort' p/fwo
inland grove,.
(i6 mr.l
mr.s
greater
*~
2347 major
W.
"'
S 8.1 M.co.got.t2.f.l
mr.s
variegated
*.
E.
Indies
1778.
mrieea W.
au R.w E. Indies 1750. r.m Bot mag.
email-tlow! 1I mr.o
53*8 parviflra
r.m
Madagascar
HD
2349 rsea
'.
wbitc-owcrnl --
oror 11 mr.o
StW E.E. Indies
Indies ...... r.m
alba
mr.o
raUy"<
D
y ocelita
ill. 1.00174
Oleander. J 8 jn.o R Sv.S,25.
Europe 1596. r.m
411. XE'RIUM. A Br. common
r.m I-im.
Bot cab.
235(1 oleander
W.
8 jn.o V
r.mm Bot cab. ft*
white-flowered
lbum
7
jn
double.hybri
y spindtju
8 jn.o g(Pa.R E Indies 168-1 r.m Hhced. mal.L'.L
var'gatcd
r.m
sweet-scented * i_J or 66 jn.au
2351 variegtum
odrum
JV.
jn.au Pit E. Indies
r.m Bot reg. _.4
JUsJi-colorM
double-flowered ( I or 5 jn.au Pa.R E. Indies 1683.
y crneum
plnum
412.
WRIGH'TIA. . Tir. WBIGHT.A. . lo
ma r.m Blieilmal.l tftiKantidveentcrici/
235S leyUiica . . Ar. oval-leaveu
ipear-leavwl i O or 15
W
2:534 tinctria A Br. dyer's
Ecuites. i. ) jl
t'413. ECHI TE& R.Br twin.flowercd
Jamaica p.
,
2355
S>vanna-flowMS.aoT
1010 n.nu
YW
S3.rC biflora
suberctaIf. If.
climbing
4.
m
au
Yw IS
357
torosa
1.
umbellcd
i.
O
or
IS
I
Carolina
.
2358
umbellta
W.
deformed
t-Ljor
H. W
2359
difformis
PA.
i. O ral- 86' jJln
l>a.Y C.G.
. Indies
1S1" tV-
P Bot.
ov mag. 131
H'iH,.|.4in-i
. Joxi. twin-spined
!
-Q
9-ifiO
bispinsa
1.
o
23.1
caryophynta
clove-leaved
J.|_ LJ...
Pk F. Indies 1841 .1
(B
grandiflora
*.
Urge-flowered
or
eB antidysciitric*
Rth. red-veined
Medicinal _i.
- ? S Bot mag. =1
$2304
sanguinolenta .
orm SO- in.au
V^dio, 175ft pJ Bur.scjlU!
414. ICHNOCArTPUS.
. Br. 111
23tv> frut H. . shrultby
. 234'
History, Use, PmpagiUlor, Culture,

^ unlvr
407. wlio went
toI"Guiana
memorvbout
of Dr
Frederick
Allamaiul
^5
U^
I^-vden,
171,
and
to'
K"T
^
^.lin
iowurs
freely,
and
strikes
Witt ^W^
of plants to Linna-us. It Is a milky shrub, of cathartic qualitic , flouirs u j,
<*. TTieophnsrtu. bom at Ere, ta Le*os^310 I^J^^SnScUo .to CJ
pcncAc.
This issi5e.
a genus otbeing
weli.Knowu
i"= "u"ithrive
" . the
h ehn.le
and drip OlI0sca
trees.,s conlun
and
shade seeds,
ann
major,thelikehardy
oilier plantsaswhich
runevergreen,
much at which
the root, vervunder
rarely produce
flower,
and is easilyAim
propagated
by cuttings
a hand-glass.
rivulets. In the <"",,r'e",
ULhtm
Us, damp,
the evergreen
plantunder
growing
the taneri
freeo
F.uro,w.
This is a genu.'or
beautiful
shrubsup..,,
of eos.
.,Itu e oan n , rt ^ and
by ,)r.
great part of the year. N. tinetoriuin aflurds a blue equal to that Ol mil.go, aim
might he..der
cultivated
that purpose.
i, ver,forcommon
in the Levant, and especially . the _Isle. rr..IIa.
of Canda, and
an.. in Sicily, Magna
147
-i
Cal. ciliated
Teeth ofcal.
lanceolate
ST Sim nearly met, ovateciliated, Flowen (talked, Teeth ofcalyx setaceous elongated
MSea
bereareouserert
lanceolate,oblong.
Bowers
twin2-toothcd
or solitaryat the
stalked
tiba rrcct,
bowers twinsquare,
sesute,Leaves
leavesovate
Stalks
base
OSOlanan. lue3together ribbed beneath, Sepals squarrose, Kect flat 3-toothcd
lamlinear lane. 3together, Corona filamentoso, Anthers at end feathery
Unaorateoblong
thortljacuminate
smooth,
Corymbs
terminal.
Tube
ofcor.
times as long
long ascalyx
calyx
m
linceul,andovateacum.smooth,
ubacuminate
imooth,
Corymbs
terminal,
Tubedivar.
ofcor.Tube
4 orofcor.
.6time
MUlmNbtlane,
Branchesand
corymbs
twice as lung;is ascaL
Sj.
"unj-aowercd, Cor.laneeosjM
cylindrical
hairy outside, leaves ovate mucronate pubescent beneath
J'2iS2unc
acuminate,
- -Munr **.
iiabriled, Lcsrei wateobtuse
mucronatetarada totvlosw rery !
SS!?
acute at base the lowest linoar "
7*^nnlar !..
al acuminate smii, 1.4
vatL mucroiiate
2358 //\%>,\ 1
PM* Voung cultlng, pl ited i
a hand-glass.
[isome
makeyears
it flower
in thefreely,
Went
,of
for the
toW.make
cabinets
andis
i i.and
antillscuterica
w ^-.
- white, and
a fineis well
grainadapted
like ivory,
onlyturner,
much
lighter.
It mixes
admir
t*j^nsTslfe1bnnchcd lhrub> >tb whitish yellow flowen and an agTeoable odor. Both specie*
!ft*MMMfJC2bT PUnT M tnc designation of a kind ofClematis ; it is derived from iv, a
j.-JI^'Mnncd, ihifiir. n"ur*t>f iU shoots. This is a genu* of plants somewhat singular in habit,
flowers in peduncles void o( sccnL They all flower freely, and root
partly by twining on trees, hence frequently acquiring the air
lahs itdoes not rise above three feet, and sometimes not more
areofstained
with
crimson.
which
shrubs
Sierraflowers.
Leone
and the
!, white
sweet-scented
Cuttings
,3*52? S
Class V,
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA
148
5-7-.
Bot mag.
tel PLUMIE'RIA. W. Plumikria. CJor 16 nor
Jamaica itBCL r.m
jLnu
reg. IM279
E. Indios 1790.
23G6
rubra
red
r.m
r.m Rot.
Jac.am.tli't.i*
[
or
20
jp.
2367 acuminata . A'. acuminated t or 15 il.au
Jamaica
1733.
r.m
Cat.
. 1. 1 93
W. Indies 173-i
ftWUlba
white
*Oor
or 10 jl.au
J 69 ..- W., Jac
jr.
blunt-leaved
&S. Amer.
... r.m Bot reg. 4S0
JUu
2370
pdica
wax-flowered
Amer.
1815.
t of 4 -0
2371
per. two-colored
W. Indie* 1815. r.m Bot reg. 510
S372 bicolor
tricolor Fl.FLper.
three-colored J_ l_J or 15 jto
15- 1818. r.m Bot reg. 9
. Sp.'china
416.
STROPHAN'THUS.
Dec.
Strophanti,!
,
2373 dichtomus Dec yellow
11 I or 3 f.mr Y
417.
CAMERA'RIA.
IV.
BavTAEIkM&KCHINBBL.
Apocyrtc.
Bot
rep. 261tHavannahl73>.
274 latiflia K.
broad-leaved J 30 au W Cayenne 17. r.m
Auh.Kui.l2375
Tamaqurina
. yellow-flowered*
Q
oror 46 omy.au
n Or
Y E. Indie* 1813. C r.m
r.m
Bot.
cal).ict.it.
406
2376
dubia
.
M.
doubtful
CD
r.m
Plum,
2377 anguetitolia IV. narrow-leaved * or 8 *
W S. Ainer. 1752.
Sp.*~&- r ir. 1.'...'tR TABER'N.EMONTA'NA. IV. Tader\montana Apoeyne, p. Jamaica
2378
citrifolia
IV.W.
Citron-leaved
JJ
oror 1513 my... YY W. Indios 17->*.
1768. C r.m
2379
lauriflia
Laurel-leaved
r.m Bot.
Bol reg.
mag.71o..
l*u
E.S. Amer.
Indie* 1770.
8380 coronaria . . Rose-bay-like or 4 my.s V
r.m
Bot
reg. 3i
2381 amygdaliflia Jacq. almond-leaved L_J or 6 my.e W Sp. 3-4- 1780
D Bot reg.
419.
AMSO'MA.
Mich. broad-leaved
Amhonia.
2 Apocyne.
my.jn N.
2iSK2
N. Amer.
Amer. 1759.
1812. p1) Bot.
Ventmag.
choix.
2383 latiflia
salicililiaPh.Ph.
Willow-leaved Si oror 22 my.jn
N.
Amer.
1774.
my.jn
2384 anguatiflia Ph. hairy-stalked 5 A or

Sp.
. 610. 39. r.m BoL mag. 737
Cerrera. Qor 20 Apocyne.
420. CER'BERA. IV. oval-leaved
injl
VW Braiil
r.m Bot
rep.
India 1759.
2385
or
20
Bot
rep 6
spear-leaved
2586 Anouai
MnghaeIV.IV.
1782. r.m
or 4 jn.il W Bourbon
r.m
Cav.ic.3
10
waved-leaved -Qo.
N.
Spain
2387
maculta
IV.
r.m
Bot
mag.23u9
oval-ieavcd
S.
Amer.
1735.
2388
nv.it
Our.
Y
or
12
jn.jl
r.m
Bot
rcg.
3?1
linear-leaved or 4 my H Pegu 1819.
2389
Thevtia
IV.
2390 fruticM /faro. shrubby
Tea k-wood. i tm 100Vcrbcnncrtr.
421.
Indies 1777. S lp Boxb. cor. 1.16
- W
2391TECTONA.
grandis IV. W. great
Verbcnaceee.
422.
IV.en. various-leaved
Calimsia.
Spain 1813. S r.m Bot reg. 92
92CALDA'SIA.
hcterophyla .
L 8.1 Duba.arb..tW
423.
p.l Jac. olB. J. t
2393BUME'I.IA.
lycioldes Ph. IV.
2394 tnax W.
History, inUK,honor
Propaga/to..
Franciscan
rnefort,
of CharlesCxUlurt
Plumier ^;hn,t
for theI
Iii.travelled
Pluniicrta.
So nameil
by Tournefort,
hed for the accuracy
of his
observai
thtne wt 1
who
into
South
America.
He
is
distingu
cunou;
plants
M
of
the
most
curious
pmtsof
lity
hie drawings,
which
the only representations
or manyev.
i inin these
these d;daysorks.
of pictorial
. -en
and ofSouth
America.
Hie are
drawings
flowers have seldom,
is
ahnen..*..'
_ He
was the author
of Plantof Americana-.1093,
and other
.This
,.,..
,us. " It succeeds best in a light loamy sou, and
'^* noat, planted in pots._"1'
"
To have the itsbloon
HU i
ell,
they
1not 'n "a growing
or itstete,
(*
. should
!.) ta kept erv* ~
dry when
the.egmemon"'corâ"a^t?.,!SlUm.'?''1''V
>nd
a
flower;
In
allusion
to
the
manner
in
wh
with bright yellow flowon
"i ,
'*!""> Pansion. A most beautiful genus of tropical sl.ru
17.
Cor^rari
8?S,"'"
"l""1
1th
They
require
the
same
treatment
as
Khltes.
ho was horn in 1.S ami d ^ .' "T Jn?t*P ^CTarius, a physician and botanist of Nurcml
CteniTVhTi
md m. aw.r 52 ! sV"*"1
an elli,ionmanofofftatthiolus,
in Latin
'arios,a (.eVman
^"",-'? mo" Crated
the name was
ltalph and
JamesClem,
fa.
Plant,
b,
their
.T
Iii
L""i!".1'1^
'
1
'"ich
the
first
principles
of
the
arrange.
*> a hand-glS in a fofSind
" * a'mng genus, ofeasy culture, and cuttings root frt
rm
Plumi?r.
ofJames Theodore,
mmamed
Taboma-monta.
1!'-^nS^S'.Jt^'iyi
; . ph, i'c in
rS~J1"."".*brn-ln memory
. Hc Pnblishod
Krauterbuch,"
and figures
of pUnb
now sc,,te<l aga'in. *cL?25!
,n,
hi
V
irginiana;
referred
to
Taberna-montana
by
arc pretty planta, wh^h
m | 1, . and maj[ fr^tti byLtaiu
cult
, , , ,the,..countries
..hose bite
wastl.c
tm
under
aCerbero.
hand-glass,A poetical
or dividing
at the
rootin allusion to the mythological
. , . . dog
. ^
41.
name
formed
of
where
ous, as is the juice of this genus. Ahouai and Manghaa are vernacular names -
I,
PENTANDRIA MONOGYXIA,
STfti
Leareorileoblong
flat,
LmCatalks
with two
glands terminal
SM LwbscaUetwi lanceolateacute,
Flower*
corymbose
Ltatelanceolate
revolulc,obtuse
Peduncles
tuberous
above
itV
l*i
lanceolate
stalked
OTT\oimalvarswith
the
limbdoted
very
sweet-scented
Ml LamaUanfacule,
Leaieobtongicuminalc
flatntflateriê,
tO
margins
veiny,Cor.Cor.white
tubeand
red,yellow
throat yellow, limb white
SSISBnntbtidiehotomoui, Leaves mucronate-acuminate, Cor. infundibulifurm
Laresnutridorateacuminate
at italkcd
the basefew.flowercd,
traniverecly striated.
Flowers
UTminalcoryml.
5Lernovaleoblong
netted. Umbel
Flowers
Urge
yellow
tweet [t.
Late
0T4te
lanceolatewiry,
Coroua
10-cleft:
ilteroate
legm.
shorter
outline
Sffl Lttreslinear
Xii Luvorate,
Ltarcsovate, Flower*lateral
in clutteredStamens
umbelaincluded
iXy
Peduncles few.flowered,
Learlanceolate
orate,
Branche*
divaricating
Lean*oral lanceolate, Stamentlonger than tube ofcorolla
SjR2Stra smooth,
imoothiih, Leavet ovallanceolate
lanceolatethe
acuminate
a little hairy
B
acuteupper
at each
auitebeneath
smooth
LetranarrowLearetlinear
lanceolate elote erect pubescent,
Stemend
obviously
pubct*:cat
Letresorateacute Servetransverte
Laralanceolate,
Learn lanceolateattenuate
at each end veinyspotted, axillary branched
5r"onle*(<1 ubsetsile, Flowers terminal about 5
5 bS TtTT
lonp'broad lanceolate.
tubtolitary
axillary,
Fruit roundish
5Uichglomout,
Leaves
Corymbs
terminal,
Drupes obliquely cup-shaped
31 Ltareoberstescabrous very large whitish beneath
^Tbeonij specie! A pretty stoveannual
gVirklr,
Laresluirai|
obtuse acute
attenuate
-M laurea obovate
lanceolate beneath
silky, atbase
PodunrW
axillarysmooth
clustered
TJ '
hrubwtnu
U-C**ety.
Hd
hrtTtV0?"7r**<
nan"cart.>n walsbar.
Thiserect,
it a timber-tree
r.f immense
sue
>.?"*obcrrato.ZJlf3C"led
of|U the
The12trunk
andand
the Irom
bark
ash-colored
-"
m mS 3"5th<"
ank
on young
trees from
to1\ isinches
Inns;,
M
16 broad.
^^ts,,^!^^1!
fragrant
TheCoromandel,
seeds are lertxsliaued
in ^-celledindrupe*.
The
itj"
The Wmrt h hite,
il. and
CeTlon>
Malabar,
fcc, and especially
the empires
""ittthe
S * "pe"**, been found to lie the meet useful in Asia. It is
^^^Madnwdlv i. *trw4( nd durable. It it considered superior to all others for ship.
'
'"-o t, ,: ihf*mountaii
introdii^v 5 ,e"1,hCTerl***^"'^
rrived inby the Thames
have been
teakphmtcd
tree, built
omwalh*,
and and
isofn<m
with ina
ta^wT^T ian,i ,.n,iJ?.^^J^Bcngal
luour stoves it lthrive*
in loam
peat, and ripCfted
r-Eft,h*|W*3SSASSlSs?"
handsome
smalla mentorioui
blue nowera.
It wasboUllist,
named hvresiding
Will- ,inSomh America it . mllUnthontirwitn
fJoseph
Cuida*,
.
rwted
by
cuttings.
Jurcexstoourcommon ash. Swarti applied the name to this West Indian
L
Class V.
150
p.l Cat- car. 2. 1 75
S.W.Amer.
ii 2030 ... \v
Willow-leaved
r.m
S395
ealldttlia
Indies 1758.
w Carolina
r.m
23;*.
W. W.PA. Mack
180ft
woollycaved ata oror 63 jn... w
r.m Vent choix. 22
231)7 nigra
lanuginosa
Carolina
1806.
w
reclnate
4398
reclinta
Ph.
Missouri
1812.
w
12
fi
2399
PA. Swz.
w_ .Jamaica 1823. r.m
round-leaved
-HJU serrata
rotuiiauone
serrated
ad
or- 400
rotundifljlia
Jcam.51.
t37.tl
t424.
CHRYSOTHYL'LUM.
IK.
Star-appi.*.
WT'W*
W.
India
1717.
2401 Cinlto IK.
common
=" m'-m w Martiniq. 17 r.m
Jc.am.53.t3S.tl
2402 argnteum W. narrov^lcaved T 33 ...
w Id 18121 r.m
r.m
"*
2403
IU*
2404 monopyrnum
glbrum Jacq. Sua. one-seeded
smooth
, . t - w Martiniq. 1823. r.m Jacq. am.t3e.f-i
Sapotea!.WSp. 1-.
SIDEROTCYLON.
W.
lROJt.vrooD.
G. H. 1692. p.l Lm.ilL2.tmtl
%\ I or 1
smooth
2405- inrmo "*
>.38.
Sapnle<e.
a
JacqitimaJac.amer.53.tS9
426.
JACQUINI
Indi 1768. p.l
6 jn.jl W W.aidw.
p!l
240fi
armillria
W..A. K.W. obtuse-leaved
P-; Bot
i.mag.
. nie,HP"
f UQ
orange-flowcr'd*** CD
CTJ oror 43 ap.8... W Sandw.
Amer.1. 1796.
1729. p.l
- -ttbac
D.clt
tl29.U49
2407
aurantlaca
prickly
2408 nucirolia IK.

Sapotea!.
Sp.
3-4.
r.m
Jac.am.U82.f19
SaPOTA.
427.
A'CHRAS. IK.IK. Mammee
1719.
arr 40 ... W S.S. Amer.
2409
Amer. 1731. r.m Jac. am. 57. 1 41
; czifr 3010 ...... W
common
2410 mammsa
Sapta IF.
W S. Amer. 1731 Lp Jac.am.57. L41A
Naseberry-tree
2411 ZapoUlla
Sp.E.960.
Rhed.mal.4.t37
Coroia.
t*I28.
COR'DIA.
W.
1640.
p.l
>[
or 3015 Cordiacc.
... W
smooth-leaved
p.1 Roxb. .1. t58
2412
MJxa W..
.W.India
India
1799.
mr.ap
W
Birch-leaved
2413
monoica
ni
Botmag.79*
India
1728.
El or 15 jn.au
rough-leaved
l
2414
Sebatna
IK
lu^..*.
W.India
1789.
p.1 Bro.Jam.t29.t3
i tm 30 my
aam2.t221.fl
2415
Geraschnthus
W.
Spanish-elm
W.
India
1752.
6030
2416 macrophyUa If. broad-leaved j} C~Jtm
Jamale 1759. pl
tin
p.1 Sl.jam.2.t203.f.2
Aub guia.1. tSS
long-leaved
2417
Colloccca
W.
Guiana
1*8.
or
6
jn.ji
hairy
2418
nodosa
Lam.
W.India
1804.
p.l Lam.il!. t96
t 1I tm
tm 2050 jn.au
elliptic
2419
elllptica
Sie.
S,
Amer.
1732.
$
2420 Patagnula If. apear-leaved
Varronia. Dm 4 ... w sp.W.4.
429. VARRONIA. W. round-spiked
India 1793. ila.1 Bro.jamtlS.t2
Jaca.ain.41. tsa
24211ineata
IK IK. jointed
Hiepaniolanse.
or 12
2422 mirabilotda
2407
2404
M06
Propaga/ion,
Culture,Some of the speciea are robust moullli
E. 2!^S, 7
wi,n Rood ,butUte,
" bcanrty
of blossom.
1 near our v. interswall
in theandopencovered
air ; but
theymatsarcduring
rather winter.
tender, and
requirerootto inbesand
placedunder
in a sheltered
situati
^^"".
with
Cuttings
a hand-glass,
h, I7il
"1,d know"
the name
or Bully
thrive
hand
u " !j4i
a"j ""1; *,nd """"f
wiu "<*.,ncre
according
to Sweet,
not tree.
freely,They
in sand
underwella
im,w
.,?^%"7
'fior white
" 'hecllor.
spccla C.having
covered
on the
hand-glass,
being: well
before""
theynd
are *".
taken""*
off
"rrîimi^m
S*ripened
c.ifTitotheir
hasleava
large The
elegant
fno
i?.V! mc'.h
' !"V"nB
f'?m"h"irs
a treeofof briKht
considerable
sise, with slender
flexible
branches.
lavesleaves,
and
ti!m
H"
m!U
'
"
astringent
before
the
fruit
ripens
;
but
when
it
grows
to
full
perfecr,n
clatl".
withThe
an agreeable
BeingSulture
mixed inwithJamaica,
a small quantity
of
enwrh
.,L. "f.i"?
? ifolM4i.
"r hl' .1
"trpraelytree
is ofofclamminess.
general
and easy
is here
rort nd?L
S"M
">" rirnBl
thot
S the species
taken off and
planted inandsand,
will
iZXZ^tT'
F,romwith"*.
ron,moist
and bato,
in allusion to the hardness ofthe wood. Thespecific
root under
a hand-glass
strong
heat wood ; The
h,Lv.
"^ "'opnloum
[jutei a rw'wellin
means black-bark.
woodcuttings
of this somewhat
tree is veryripened
close and
and *"in
sand undo?
bmLSS?
loam and peat ; and
mayhard,
be struck
bm'^VaSi?
So,""*1 I.inna-us,
inP'cndid
honor ofworks.
Jama Nie.
Jos. dcgenus,
Jacquin,
oftoMany
at Vienna,
memorv
fIZ.
V mal,,vThe
noble
wellprnfasor
devoted
,nietuatin8
the
Ss beenr.5i
an itllI'.,lI l'/7V';,,hor
St of ""t""'"name
ofused
one ofbvAthe
spccla
annularis,
(from
mil,
a garl"d;
i~V
conseniience
of
the
shoots
being
women
in
America
as
garlands.
This
bautiful
with
a
moisr.
'..^".^
Propagation,
but
is
of
easy
culture
in
the
bark-stove"
in
loam
and
pat,
ano
heat
Cuttings," Sweet observa, will strike root with ease in sand, under a hand-glass, u
in4S thc*ctlc^!re '* name of the wild pear. The root of the word has been thought to have been foul
Sapota, applied
to n ,.hSS5e' *"""*'
)^\"
> the from
manyiustout
spinaname
with Cochit-rapotl
which the tree This
is covered.
lBMtoi
t rnber trci
" dcrivcd
Mexican
is a genusThe
of fruit
ria
to toehead
Sh. iff
r"1'r"!
of',avlnK
thc Wcrt
Ind-trunkA- covercl
marnmosa,
oranAmerican
marmafade,
grow
aa tegular
40
'V*'
0
raight
with
ash-colorcd
lark.
Thebranche
America.eguiar ncad , the Icava a foot in length, and near throe incha broad in the middle. The flowers ar
form
I.
151
S StaS?1 S?V eneath .000,
lra *tog ue , Tower, lateral and ilur,
SSS- SSf- 'te
tut i " ta"hlt ovate ' . ?|01 shorter than the tu!
i; i ' aL uow"y inside
** north.en udc the upper errate, Branches plicae
S!f?bleli"e"
C ^'4 M Ion, .|U , "tb '^ naked
\|1^*|>
24,7
" (*!)
ut tl,l! middle of the
,
head sproa
t bigger than The
a quince,
round
a41carrot,
Ith
two stonespear
thi
as
hig
a,
a
bergamot
J
clammy,
and
will
stick
like
it grows oit and juicy, and then
*<*2.**
thi;7 "ic ii c , f ca-, A " piece of the wood ,i ' m"sl "ful
var. . nc ^ omani tom jcari ^ ^
Class V.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNA.
152
Jaoq.
am.41.LS2
1795. s.1
II or 6 au.s W Martinico
2423
martlnicensisW.W. Martinique
... W S. Cruz 1808. 8.1
2424 angustitolia
narrow-leaved Qor 15 Cordiaca*.
Sp.Jamaica
220. 17:>.. p.l Trew. ehr.4. t.23
430.
EHRE'TIA.
Eiiretia.
Im
MSS
IV. IV. Tinus-leaved
or 3010 jn.jl... W
W E. Indies 175. .1 ltoxb. cor. 1. L55
2426 tiniflia
spera Roxb.
rough-leaved
43!.
BOURRE'RIA.
Giert. Boiirreria. tm 45 Cordiacf.ee.
... W 7. Indies 1758. 8.1 Ja. obs.2.i>.2. t2fi
427
or 15 ... W \V. Indies 1804. s.1 Jac.am.t.l7it'-l7
428 succulents
exsucca Jac.Jac. fleshy-fruited
dry-fruited
Sp. 12- 17&. S Eli.n.cu.2, t.7.f.l
432.
Ellisia.
O cu 2 Hydropkytlc.
jl.au W Virginia
2429ELLI'SIA.
Nyctela W.IV. cut-leaved
Sapotea?.
Sp.
14.33, SERSATJ'SIA. R.Br. Sersalisia.
6 7 W N. Holl. 1772. p.1
2430 sericea R. Br.
silky-leaved
Sapotea:. Sp. 111.
434.
MANGULLA.
Just.
Mancliixa
Bot, mag. 1858
l_|tm 30 jn.jl W C.G.H.
2431 millerina Pert. Miller's
0.
13-28.
Myrsmeat.
Ardisia.
1678
+435.
ARDl'SIA.
Guiana 1803. p.l Bot
Qor<>r 107 jl.au
2432
acuminata Roxb.
W.W. acuminated
Bot mag.
mag.
R E Indien 1798. S p.l Veut,
Nightsh.-like 1
choix,1677t. 5
2433
Indies
18.
S
p.1
10 jn.s
Jn.s RW W.
or
2434 solancea
crenulfita P. S. crcnulated
Indies 1793. S p.l
side-flowering *** II II oror 4 )Uu R W.
2435
lateriflora
Bot rep 49630
E. Indies
243ti
littorlis
. W-R. sea-side
Indie) 1809.
18119. S p.l
pi Bot rep.
jl.au RR E. lndie
I lor 1010 jl.au
elegant
2+37
legans
And.
cab. 465t77
1816. s.1 Bot
or
red-flowered
Grtsem.1.
2+. colorta Lic.
Madeira
1781. .1I Bot
jl.au Pk
Laurel-leaved tI II oror 311IS jl.au
2439
excelsa
W.
reg.
E
Indict
1813.
paniled
2440
panculta Roxb.
cab. 638
448
s.l Bot
25 jl.au RW SanUCruzlSla.
2441
Utk. pyramidal
reg.
China
1814.
a.1s.1 Bot
:
I I tm
106 ja.d
dusty
2442 pyramidalis
lentiginsa Krr.
Bot
reg. 533
827
W
China
1823.
jn.au S Antilles 1824. s.1
Qor
dotted
2443
punctata
Lindl.
; or 7 ...
coriaceous
2441 coricea Swz.
,
Ardiiixa.
43&
2 ApocmUT.
nir.au W Sp..1.G. H. 176a pl Bot cab, 337
24-15ARDUI'NA.
btspinsa W. W. two-spined
Apocyne.
Sp.
29.
Strychnos.
437.
STRYCH'NOa
W.
Roxb.
cor.
1. 1 4
S
pl
15 ... G.W E. Indice 1778.
Poison-nut
2446
Nux-vmicaW.IV. Clearing-nut
BS 15 ... W E. Indies 1794. S pl Koxb. cor. 1. 1 5
447 potatrum
Carissa.
438.
CARIS'SA.W.W. Jasmine-flow
fr 15 Apocyne.
il
W Sp.E.210.
Indies 1790. s.p Ilot. cab. 663
448
spiny
tm 20 au-d W E. Indies 1809. sp Bot cab. 162
2449 Carandas
spinrum W
Rnotace.
Sp.
13.
i . L i I or 6 ... Pu China
439.
2450PJEDE'RIA.
futida W. W.
... to. n',l

.
Culture,
fl. 2* ,History.
lcftVie,
uponPropagation,
tne ffeT
of . time Is Invaluable. In French a
aSi ? aUthe
, Moyoll,
(myWHISTS
beauty) on j,"account
ofofitsD-beauty.
Heina"
drawn
n0""r
O.
Ehret,
famous
iV noTexnt in rZl " Fa'V,ck "" ' """"T of Jmlca i and French
a largebotanist
collectionandofdraughtsman.
his drawing.
an^potte^- Nrcm'e'ri,dC<i ^
"'"Ch '*
"grCCt ,~ Bm" onC Bo',
S^HimH.5Sr
na:uralirtof the London
and correspondent
Hoya" Society nubh,hca. tald<s *
h" Natural
HistoryMtew
or Corallines,
many Royal
papersSociety,
la the Transactions
of the
^?^
"1*- N>Ut |, much pratoed b, F^lu.
hlllmoiEulL^^^tas^rf n I>ombry'. Manuscript Papers, from which M. do Jussleu obtained
b!^!aS^S^St^Sy- " orig'nal spcciM ' Fcmvia" ,hn,b- wi,h aUcmj,c lcavra **'
orSmeiw'uio7ZirSbfrT
*fc
*
" acc<",ntbeauty
f *of"""
of the corolla.
An
They
'.od
by electors
theirinTmonts
foliage,
and aberries,
glasi are of e cutur"l.tn
Culturc cu">8 strike
root
freely in aforpottheof sand,
plunged
a mot dowers,
heat, under
han.ldis*toct^fro'n'cari
ttto ifI,C,trv.A,nlu,inl:
of ,hc
of Padua.
A genus
glass
in sand.
prCTt>' mue P,anl "ot unlike
theeconomical
box, easilygarden
propagated
by cuttings
underscarcely
a bcllW
to
stre^Tio
UiwdiTjr
the
GrMl"
?"Solraum.
The
root
ofthe
name
hasbeen
found
In
the
verb
is a middling sized tree with
1'"1ash-colored
"d modern
& nux-vmnica
oked'IT!
trunk ofand',hesmooth
barkplants
; thebeing
leavesnarcoUc
round, shining,
smooth,
Oinii L
PENTANDRIA MONOGY.VIA.
f 1brosdo*tesemie
Ixufs broad ovale obtuserugo,
IM
torminal,
MorenUmientose
clustered,beneath,
CaL larpe*
liifl.it*!
MilLea*linartoothed
revduteSpikce
at edge
rough Above
linear ouong
S*a Lamotate
1roughith,
orateentireFlower*
nnooth,corymbose
Flowersepixed
paniried1-sided
ill))
MffTlammteentire
smooth.reflexed
Flowersat corymbose,
raioothi-cornered
. Learnotate very smooth
edge, BerryCal
juicoks
MS Theonly species, resembling a Hydrophyllum
>leavesorateobtuse downy beneath, Cor. villous outside, Barren filaments lanceolate
1Leavesoblongacuteateach end, Flowers solitary lateral
Piaid
and terminal.
""<"
U]1ujt3-partcd,
LeavesLeaves
oblongoblongacuminate
narrowed towardsnarrowed
each endat base
r
Racwneiliteral
^ ,rmi4liaxillary
leavescompound,
lanceolate Leaves
ovate rcpwd
crenate
acuminate
Hjj
oblong
acuminate
entire attenuated at base
Corymb)Hillarysimple. Leaves entire ovate elliptical coriaceous
4
i Ubi tntire coriaccous shining.
shining, Pan.
Pan. terminal,
terminal, Seitab
Sepals round,
rounded.Cor.Cor.twice
thrice
as lotigas calyx
as ral
Si Lwttikmitentirecoriaceous
as long
*Racemesaxillarysimple. Leaves obovate at the edge cartiliginous serrated
iui
vn
'"'-'
oblong
nearly
sessile
entire
smooth
renexed,
Panicles
decompound
nil
Ki^cterminai
pyramidal,
Pedunc altem,Flowersspotted
umbelliferous. Leaves oblong obtuse smooth entire
H- UN
\
lone, crenate,
Corymbscompound,
m)
uncuilate
coriaceoussinuate
narrowed
the base. Cor. campan, dotted : Lobes obtuse
rlowenpuuckd,
Leaves oblongentire
veinlcsatowards
coriaceous
*bar corduc ovate m
^
", spmosbi
Spines bifid at end
-iS 1?'""? dJ^.'*\b ""v : the
154
44). GELSE''Mi UM. J.
GelsewiuM.
2151 sempervirens H. K. evergreen

441. RAUWOL"FIA. W. RAUwolfia.
2452 nitida W.
shining
2453 canscens W.
2454 tomentsa W.
2455 ternifolia Kunth.
A-
or
cu
cu
cu
cu
hoary
downy
three-leaved
Apocyner.
6 jn.jl
Y
Apocyneae.
12 jn.s
W.
7
...
Pk
3 apo
W
3 my
W.
................
3 my jn W
Rhamneae.
3 n
W
Sp. 1.
N. Amor. 1640.
Sp. 4-12.
S. Amer. 1752.
Jamaica 1730.
W. Indies 1823.
W. Indies 1823.
Sp. 1-2.
N. Spain 1822.
Sp. 1.
E. Indies 1817.
CLAss V.
C s-p Cat. car. 1. t. 53

C
C
C
C
442. VALLE-SIA. F. per VALLEsia.

2456 glabra Lk.
smooth
* D or
C.
*443 BCEOBOTRYS Wahl. Borobotays.
$2457 indica Rorb.
Indian
* D or
C
t144. SOLANDIt A. W.
Solandra.
* Solaneae. Sp. 2-3.
2458 grandiflra IV.
great-flowered in D or 15 mr
ica 1781. C
2459 viridiflra B. M.
green
* D or 3 my.jl G
S. Amer. 1815. C.
445. CESTRUM. W.
Cestnux
Solaneae...Sp. 19-50.
Laurel-leaved * D p
2461 macrophyllum Went large-leaved * [I]p
2460 lauriflium W.
2462 foetidissimum Wen, stinking

* CD p
night-smelling in D. p
2464 Prqui W.
Willow-leaved a u_j p
2465 auricultum W.
ear-leaved
*[ ]p
2466 vespertinum W.
cluster-flower'd a D p
2467 fastigitum Jacq. Honeysuckie a Dip
2468 diarnum hy.
day-smelling * Up
2459 venentum W.
poisonous
* u, Jp
2470 salicifolium Jacq. sallow-leaved in Dip
2471 tomentsum ji'.
downy
* D. p
2472 hirsutum
* Dip
2473 pendulinum Jacq. pendulous
* D. p
2474 odontosprmum.Jac. tooth-seeded
a D. p
2475 tinctrium Jacq.
dyer's
* D dy
2476 undultum Fl. per wavy
* L-J p
2477 cauliflrum Jacq. stem-flowering a Up
2478 citrifolium Retz
lemon-leaved in L. p
2463 noct0rnum W.
''
44%. A^TROPA. Jy.
2479 Belladnna W.
'.
7 myau W
7 my...au W
10
7
7
12
12
4
10
7
5
6
8
6
6
4
15
4
6
A ritorA.
Deadly-Nights.
shrubby
# u_j
A p
p
2480 frutscens W.
2481 aristta Poir.
bearded
* L |p
2482 arborscens L.
tree
* u_j p
447. MANDRAGORA. W.en. MANdnake.
2483 officinlis W. en
ollicinal
3. A p
2452
5
5
5
15
3
s-p Bot. cab. 339

lip Plumlic.t:236-fe
1-p
lip Bot. mag. 2440
r.m Cav.ic. 3. t.297
co
Bot. mag. 2052
r.m. Jac.schoen-Lt.45
r.m. Bot. mag. 1948
W. Indies 1691. C p.l Smith spic.2 t 2
W. Indies 1812.
my...au Y
E. Indies ...
n
W. E. Indies 1732.
jn.jl
Pa.Y Chili
1787.
jn.jl
G
Peru
1774.
my.jl G
W. Indies 1759.
n
W.
W. Indies ...
n
W.
W. Indies 1732.
fap
W
C. G. H. 1787.
apjn G.w Caraccas ...
jn-ji
Y
S. Amer. 1790.
jn.jl
G
1818.
in.jl
G.w Caraccas 1824.
jLau
W
W. Indies 1793.
apjn W
Caraccas 1823.
...
Y
Peru
182>.
my.jn W
1821.
jnji
Y
1820.
Solaneae. Sp. 4-14.
jn.jl
V
Britain
rub.
ja.mr Y
Spain
1737.
... Y
Canaries 1779.
jn.au W
Jamaica 1733.
Solance. Sp. 1.
mrap W
Levant 1548.
-
C.
C.
C.
C
C.
C.
C.
C.
S
C
C
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C
C
p.1
p.l
p.1
p.1
p.
p.l
p.1
p.1
p.1
Vent choix. 18
Jac.schoe.3, t.3."
Dielt.t.153 fiss
Bot mag. 1770
L'Her sin-1.t-35
Jac.schoe.3 t.328
Bot mag. 1729
Dieltt-154 f.185
f:
Jac.schoe.3, t.326
p.l
p.l Jac.schoe.3. t.324
p.1 Jac. schoe.3.t-327
p.1
pl.Jac.sch. 3. t.332
p.1 F1 per. 2. t. 155
p.1 Jacq.sch. 3. t.325
p.1
R co
Eng bot. 592
C s.l.
C. s.1
Cav.ic. 2. t. 102
C. s.l.
Plum ic. 46 f 1
R co
Bull. herb. t. 145
24
/.

One of the ancient names of the jasmine. A beautiful climbing evergreen shrub, rather
but with a little protection it produces in abundance its charming
yellow flowers of delicious fragrance.
441. Rauwolfia. So named by Plumier, in honor of Leonhard Rauwolf, physican at Augsburg, who travelled
through Palestine and other countries of the east, in 1753.5. His travels were translated into English, under
the revision of Mr. Ray, and with additions by him. The species abound in a milky juice, which is considered
440. Gelsemium.
too delicate to bear the cold of our winters ;
more or less of a deleterious nature.
They produce berries about the size and color of those of the privet.
Cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.

442. Wallesia. In honor of Fr. Vallesio, principal physician to Philip II., king of Spain. He wrote upon the
plants of holy writ. Small Peruvian shrubs.
443. Boeobotrys. From 8aux, small, and 8 ve, a bunch; the flowers growing in little bunches. An
elegant shrub with white flowers, produced freely from the axillae of the leaves.
444. Solandra.
In honor of the celebrated and excellent Daniel Solander, whose botanical merits will
never be forgotten in this country. He accompanied Sir Joseph Banks in his voyage with Captain Cook, and
the information afforded by his manuscript notes made at that time has not yet been exhausted. The species
are very beautiful, and remarkable for the extraordinary size of their flowers. Sweet observes, if allowed
plenty of room and moisture, they grow very rapidly, but produce no flowers. The best way is to plant them
in a loamy soil, and allow them to grow fast at first, till they have made a great many shoots; then keep
them very dry till their leaves drop off, and they will produce plenty of flowers. Cuttings taken off and stuc
in a pot of mould, will root without any further care. The best way to have plants flower young, is to take
the cuttings from the flowering shoots. (Bot. Cult. 107.)
445. Cestrum. A name given by the Greeks to the Betony, but having no relation whatever to the plant
which bears the name now. Cestreau, Fr. This is a genus of easy cultivation, but of little beauty. The
flowers are all white, and in some cases sweet-scented; the fruit of all poisonous.
446. Atropa. A mythological name. Atropos was one of the Fates, and it was her especial duty to cut the
thread of human life. The fruit of this genus is well adapted to fulfilling her office. A.belladonna (fine lady) has
ORDER I.
155
2451 Scandent quite smooth, Leaves lanceolate, Flowers axillary subsolitary

2452 Leaves 3 or 4 together lanceolate acuminate shining, Flowers terminal
2453 Leaves 4 together oblong ovate acuminate pubescent, Flowers terminal and axillary
2454 Leaves 4 together oblong narrowed both ways tomentose, Flowers terminal and axillary
2435 Leaves 3 together oblong acuminate smooth, Flowers between the petioles corymbose
2456 Leaves lanceolate cymbiform incurved at end
2457 Leaves oblong ovate acuminate coarsely serrated
2458 Leaves smoothish stalked, Anthers of the same shape

2459 Flowers stalked, Segm. of flower long acuminate revolute
2460 Filaments toothed or naked, Leaves elliptical coriaceous shining, Flowers fascicled stalked
2461 Filam. toothed, Leaves ovate oblong acuminate smooth, Flowers fascicled sessile
2462 Filam naked, Segm. of cor. emarginate, Flowers racemose, Leaves ovate and lanceolate
2463 Filam. toothed, Peduncles racemose as long as leaves
2464 Filam. toothed or naked, Flower-bearing stem panicled, Stipules linear

246.5 Filam naked, Stipules amplexicaule lunate, Leaves ovate, Flowers panicled terminal
2466 Filam, naked shorter than throat of cor. Flowers aggreg sessile terminal and lateral, Leaves elliptical
246.7 Filam, naked, Pedunc. elong as long as leaves spiked at end. Leaves oblong, Stip, elliptical
2468 Filam. naked, Segm. of cor. rounded reflexed, Leaves lanceolate
2469 Leaves lanceolate oblong coriaceous, Flowers sessile
2470 Filam toothed, Flowers racemose, Leaves linear lanceolate
2471 Flowers clustered sessile terminal, Branches leaves and calyxes downy
24.72 Filam. toothletted, Spikes axillary longer than leafstalks,
ves obl. pub. on both sides, Stip. falcate
2473 Filam naked the length of the tube of the corolla, Flowers aggreg. sessile terminal, Leaves elliptical
2474 Filam. naked, Leaves lanceolate, Racemes short axillary and terminal, Cor. revolute
24.75 Filam. naked, Leaves lanc. ovate, Racemes axillary and terminal, Flowers pedicellate, Cor. acum. reflex
2476 Filam. toothed, Leaves ovate acute wavy, Pedunc. axillary and terminal few flowered
2477 Filam naked exserted, Flowers stalked clustered, Cor. campanulate, Leaves elliptical
2478 Leaves large ovate acute entire shining naked on both sides coriaceous nerved, Petioles black shining
-
79 Stem herbaceous, Leaves ovate entire

2480 Stem shrubby, Peduncles clustered, Leaves cordate ovate obtuse
2481 Stem shrubby, Leaves oblong entire smooth, Branches downy, Sepals aristate
2482 Stem shrubby, Peduncles clustered, Cor. revolute, Leaves oblong
its specific name, according to some, from its being used as a wash among the ladics, to takeoff pimples or other
excrescences from the skin; or, according to others, from its quality of representing phantasms of beautiful wo
men to the disturbed imagination. The inspissated juice of the berries is used in the form of extract for anointing
the eyelids in some opthalmic complaints. Its effect in dilating the
is quite remarkable. It has branch
ing stems with the root leaves often a foot long and five inches broad, and the whole plant is more or less
tinged with purple. The flowers are void of scent; the berries are larger than cherries, at first green, but
when ripe of a beautiful shining black color, full of purple juice, with roundish dotted channelled seeds. The
whole plant, and especially the berries, is
Buchanan relates the destruction of the army of Sweno
the Dane, when he invaded Scotland, by the berries of this plant, which were mixed with the drink which the
Scots, according to truce, were to supply the Danes with. The Danes became inebriated, and the faithless
Scots fell on them in their sleep. Dr. M'. (Indigenous
remarks, that nature has been more parsi
monious in her warnings with respect to this plant, than to others of the same natural family. Neither the
smell nor the taste is offensive; and if the color of the flowers proves in some degree a repellant, that of the
fruit, on the other hand, is in an equal degree, at least, attractive and inviting.
447. Mandragora. From *a*ex, something relating to cattle, and ayavees, hurtful: dangerous to cattle.
It is a venomous plant, and was an important engine in the days of medical charlatanry, from the roots being
supposed to bear a resemblance to the human form. In old herbals the figures display the male mandrake
with a long beard, and the female with a prolix head of hair. Miller says, mountebanks carry about ficti
tious images, shaped from roots of bryony and other plants, cut into form or forced to grow through moulds
of earthenware, as mandrake roots. Happily such mountebanks have ceased to exist in Britain. On the
continent they are still common, and Box tells us (in 1810), that by means of a few cuts with a knife, they
add the image of the exterior organs of generation, male or female, to mandrake roots, and then sell them to
ensure boys or girls to pregnant women, procure happy births, &c. We have ourselves seen them exposed
by mountebanks in sea-port towns of France. For an ingeniously indelicate figure of a mandrake root, see
the Flora Graeca, the for which have been all selected by Sir James Smith. The plant is of easy culture,
but is the better for the protection of a frame or shelter of a south wall during winter.
-
156
PENTANDRIA MONOGYN1A
448. Phy/SALIS. W.
2484 somnifera Jy.
2485 flexuosa W.
2486 curassvica W.
2487 viscosa hy.
WiNTea Chenav.
clustered
-* u_j w
flexuose
-n U Jw
Sy [A] w
A w
2488 pensylvnica W.
a w
2489 Alkekngi W.
Common
St A or
2400 peruviana W.
eatable
Yu.A. fr.
2491 pubescens W.
downy
O w
2492 angulta. W.
angular-branch
O w
2493 chenopodifolia. W Goose-foot-lvd. St. A w
2494 barbadensis W.
Barbadoes
O w
2495 minima W.
small
O w
2496 pruinsa W.
hairy-annual
O w
2497 prostrta W.
trailing
O w
2498 tubersa W. E.
tuberous
Y A w
2499 parviflra W. E.
small-flowered
O w
2500 dubia Lk.
doubtful
O w
2501 foetidissima Lag.
stinking
O w
440. SARACHA. Ft. per. SARAchA.
2:02 procambens F. p. procumbent
Yual or
2503 umbellta Jacq.
umbelled
Y Z\jor
450. LY/CIUM.
2004 afrum Jy.
W.
Curaao
clammy
Pensylvanian
Box-Thoax.
African
: D or
2505 rigidum W.
rigid
u_j or
2500 ruthenicum JV.

2507 brbarum P. S.
Russian
-k
Willow-leaved
or
or
or
or
-3.
or
2511 chinnse Mill.
Chinese
-k
or
2512 hrridum W.
succulent-lvd. in u_j or
2513 boerhaviaefolium W. glaucous-leaved a u-J or
2514 carolininum Ph.
Carolina
or
2515 trewinum Duh.
Trew's
.*
or
2508 turbintum P. S.
top-shaped
2509 europaeum P. S.
European
2510 lanceoltum Poir. spear-leaved
t*451. Sol A^NUM. W.

$2516 peruvinum L.
Nightshade.
Peruvian
4 jn.jl
2521 tubersum W.
Potatoe
* A ag.
8 Commersoni Poir. Wild-Potatoe A. A cul
2522 Seaforthinum And, Seaforth's
A CD or
2523 betceum P. S.
Beet-leaved
* D or
2524 murictum W.
warted
* D or
2525 lacinitum W.
cut-leaved
* u, , or
2526 querciflium W.
Oak-leaved
A or
2527 radicans W.
rooting
u_j or
2
2
20
4
3
3
2
3
# cerasifrme
Cherry
Dun.
$2519 Humbldti Jy.
Q9520 pyrifrme Dun.
Humboldt's
Pear-shaped
Pa.Y Peru
1822.

10 injl
V
C. G. H. 1712.
4 ap.my V
C. G. H. 1795.
6
...
Pk
Siberia
1804.
12 my...au V
Barbary 1696.
12 iny.au V
China
1709.
12 myau Pk
S. Europe 1730
12 myau Pk
S. Europe ...
6 my...au Pu
China
...
3 jl.au W.
C. G. H. 1791.
6 ap.my P.Pu Peru
1780.
4 jlis
B
Carolina 1806.
15 my...au Pu
China
1818.
2
3
3
2
2
Love-apple
5. A
O
O
O
O

2 jLau G.Y. Mexico 1796.
2 jl.au
G.Y. E. Indies 1759.
11 jn.s
St.Y. S. Amer. 1699,
2 jl
St.Y America 1732.
I jLs
Y
N. Amer. 1726.
1 jis
W.
S. Europe 1548.
13 apo
W
S Amer. 1772.
2 jLau Y
America 1640.
2 jn.s
W
India
1732.
2 jLau Y
Peru
1798.
2 jLau
Pa.Y. W. Indies 1798.
1: jlau Pa.Y. E. Indies 1759.
1 jLau Pa.Y America 1726.
1 jLau L.B. Peru
1782.
2 jLau W
1815.
11.jlau Y
......
1820.
2 jl.au Y
Brazil
1821.
2 jLau Y
N. Spain 1820.
Solaneae. Sp. 2.
3 n.jl
Pa.Y Peru
1822.
w
clt
clt
clt
clf
$2517 Lycopersicum W.
CLAss V.
Solancae. Sp.
my.jn Y
jls
G
jls
G
jls
Y
jls
Y
79-360.
jn au
myo
jls
jn.jl
jl.au
jl.au
jn.jl
jl.au
Peru
1597.
S Amer. 1822.
Barbadoes 1804.
S. Amer. 1803.
Peru
1785.
N. Holl. 1772.
Peru
1787.
Peru
1771.
W
W
Pk
Pk
V
V
V
Pu
Peru
1823.
S. Amer. 1596.
-----1800.
C co
C co
Cav. ic. 2. t. 103

Rhed. mal.4t 55
D co
D co
Plulalm.t.111.f5
Jac. vind-2. t.136
D. p.l
D. s.l
S. s.l. Bot mag. 1068
S. s.l.
S. s.l.
S. s.1
Feuill. it 3 t. 1
Delt.13.t-12.f. 12
S.
S.
S.
S.
D
S
S
S
Jac.ic. 1. t. 39
Rhed.ma 10-t 71
Dillelt-10.t.g.fg
Bot. rep. 75
s.l.
s.1
s.l.
s.p
sp
sp
sp
sp
D co
1823.
Flper. 2. t. 180
D co
C.
C.
C.
R
p.1 Bot reg. 354

p.1 Tre ehr. t.24 fl
p.1 M.cogo.1779 tie
co Dend brit. 9
C co.
Duedin. 119.t-S1
C co
C. co
Mic-gen.t.105.f. 1
Duh. ed., n. t.32
C. co
Dend brit.8
C
C.
C
C
Duh. ed. n. t. S0
p.l
p.
p.1
co
L'He.s.n.45, t-23
D co Feuill 3. t. 25
S. r.m R.am.5. t. 154 f.1
S. r.m. Jac. vind. 1. t. 11
S. Amer. 1822. S. co
-
W.hort.ber. t.27
S co
Dun. sol. t. 26
R.
R
C
C
C
S.
C.
D
Bau-prod-89.t.89
Hort trans.
Bot. rep. 504
Bot rep. 511
Feu.per.772.t.15
Bot. mag. 349
Feu.per.772. t.15
Lin.fil. de 1. t. 10
r.m
co
lip
1-p
lip
s.p
r.m
s-p
2497
History, Use, Propagation, Culture.
448. Physalis. . From cvris, a bladder. The fruit is enclosed in an inflated calyx. The berries of P.
alkekengi are acidulous and slightly bitter; they were esteemed detergent and aperient by the ancients. In
Spain, Germany, and Switzerland, they are eaten as a common fruit.
Phy, peruviana produces a pleasant
fruit for tarts, and is in some countries, and even English gardens, cultivated for that purpose.
449. Saracha. A plant resembling Atropa, or Physalis, to which it is too nearly related. It was named by
the authors of the Flora Peruviana after Isidore Saracha, a Spanish botanist.
450. Lycium. So called because the original species was a native of Lycia, a country of Asia Minor. Some of
the Cape species of this genus have elegant flowers and merit cultivation, and L. barbarum is valuable for cover
ing naked walls, arbors, &c. It grows four or six feet in a season, flowers freely, and is readily propagated by
cuttings at any season of the year. L. europaeum is used for hedges in Tuscany, being armed with small
thorns. Clusius says they cat the small shoots in Spain with oil and vinegar. L. ruthenicum is an ornamental
shrub from its very white bark. The greenhouse species root readily in sand under a hand-glass.
451. Solanum. By some ingenious commentators this word has been derived from solari, to comfort. The
derivation may be possible, but the application is not evident. This extensive genus, which belongs to the
I urida. of Linnaeus's system of natural orders, does not contain many handsome plants; but it includes, besides
the Tomato and egg plant, celebrated in cookery, the potatoe, whose tubers, as a human food, if equailed, are
not surpassed by those of any other plant. Some of the species are singular on account of their leaves and
ORDER I.
157
2484 Stem shrubby rounded, Branches upright, Flowers clustered

2485 Stem shrubby, Branches flexuose, Flowers clustered
2486 Stem shrubby, Leaves ovate tomentose
2487 Leaves in pairs repand obtuse subtomentose, Stem herbaceous panicled above
2488 Leaves ovate subrepand obtuse nearly naked, Flowers in pairs, Stein herbaceous
2489 Leaves in pairs entire acute, Stem herbaceous branching below
2490 Pubescent, Leaves cordate entire
2491 Pubescent, Stem angular, Leaves in pairs cordate nearly entire soft, Teeth of cal. acuminate
2402 Much branched, Branches angular smooth, Leaves ovate toothed
2493 Pubescent, Stem erect shrubby, Leaves subcordate toothed angular, Petioles decurrent
2494 Much branched, Leaves ovate cordate pub. Flowers pendulous, Calyx in fruit ovate acuminate angular
2495 Much branched, stalk of fruit much longer than the villous leaf
2406 Much branched, Leaves villous, Peduncles erect
2497 Much branched, Stem procumbent rounded hairy. Leaves rather fleshy
2498 Pubescent, Leaves ovate angular, Stem herbaceous, Berries viscid, Root tuberous
2499 Hairy, Leaves cordate acute toothed, Pedunc. at length reflexed, Cal. with segm. twice as short as cor.
2500 Leaves oval unequal acute toothed smoothish, Flowers solitary, Calyx powdered, Cor. tomentose
2501 Leaves in pairs toothed repand tomentose-viscid oval, Stem herbaceous panicled above
2502 Leaves in pairs unequal ovate smooth, Flowers in umbels
2506 Stem erect hairy, Umbels axillary stalked cernuous, Flowers plaited
2504 Branches diffuse spiny, Leaves linear fleshy attenuated at base fascicled, Pedunc. longer than cal.
2505 Branches upright spiny, Leaves linear fascicled, Pedunc. shorter than calyx, Stam. as long as tube of cor.
2506 Branches droop. spiny, Lvs. lin. lanc. atten. at base fasc. Ped. longer than cal. Stam. as long as limb of cor.
2507 Branches drooping, Buds spiny, Cal trifid, Stam, as long as limb of cor.
2508 Branches drooping spiny rounded, Leaves sessile lanceolate acuminate, Cal. trifid, Berry turbinate
2509 Branches lax spiny, Leaves oblong lanc. obtuse obliquely bent, Stam. shorter than limb of cor.
2510 Branches erect flexuose at end recurved rounded much spreading spiny, Leaves subsessile lanc. acute
2511 Stem and branc. droop. striated rarely spiny, Lvs. stalked ov. obt.
5-toothed, Style longer than stam.
2512 Spiny, Leaves obovate fleshy smooth, Peduncles very short
2513 Spiny, Leaves ovate entire acute glaucous, Flowers panicled
2514 Unarmed, Leaves narrow spatulate oblong, Flowers 4-cleft tetrandrous
2515 Erect spiny, Branc. dif angular, Lvs. stalked lanc. acute, Cal. 2 or 3-fid, Style scarcely longer than stam.
''
$ 1. Lycopersicon (Love Apples.) Anthers conical, joined at end. Berry many-celled.

2516 Villous hoary, Leaves stipulaceous unequally pinnatifid, Segm. obtuse, Pedunc. and pedicel bracteated
2517 Hairy, Leaves unequally pinnatifid, Segments cut glaucous beneath, Berries torulose furrowed smooth
2518 Hairy, Lvs. unequally pinnat. Segm. cut glauc. beneath, Sepals as long as cor. Berries round rather hairy
2519 Hairy, Lvs. unequally pinnat. Segm. cut glauc. beneath, Pedunc. with bract. Sepals twice as long as cor.
2520 Hairy, Lvs. unequally pinnatifid, Segm. cut glaucous beneath, Pedunc. without bract. Berries obconical
$ 2. Unarmed. Leaves pinnate, pinnatifid, or entire.
2521 Root tuberous, Stem herbac. Segm. of lvs. unequal, the altern. ones minute, Pedicels stalked, cor. 5-ang.
Root tuberous, Stem herbaceous, Leaves pinnate sublyrate pilose, Pedic. jointed, Cor. 5-cleft
52 Leaves pinnate waved, upper simple lanc: Racemes in panicled cymes sometimes longer than petioles
2523 Leaves cordate ovate oblong
on each side waved at edge, Racemes pendulous as long as petioles
2524 Stem half shrubby rooting ascending runners muricated, Lvs. obl.lanc. pubescent simple, Racemes 2-fid
2525 Smooth, Leaves pinnatifid segments linear lanceolate terminal elonga
Racemes lateral corymbose
2526 Stem angular wavy rough, Leaves pinnatifid, Racemes cymose
2527 Stem rounded prostrate rooting, Lvs. deeply pinnat. Sinuses obtuse, Racemes cymose as long as petioles
'
spines; and others retain their fruit in our stoves during winter, which may be a recommendation to some to
admit them in collections.
s dulcamara has roots which smell like the potatoe; being chewed, a sensation of bitterness is first felt, and
then of sweetness, whence the specific name. The berrics excite vomiting and purging, and the twigs and
leaves have been used in rheumatic and scorbutic cases with good effect.
S. tuberosum, Pomme de Terre, Fr., Kartaffel, Ger., Pomo de Terra, Ital, Potades, Span, &c. is supposed
to be a native of South America, and to be found in a wild state in elevated places in the tropical regions, and
in the more temperate districts of the western coasts of that country. Some tubers, said to be of the wild po
tatoe, have been received from these parts by the Horticultural Society, and cultivated by them; their produce
differs very little, if at all, from that of the common cultivated sort; they are small, roundish, and pink and
white colored. (Hort. Trans. 5. 257.) It appears probable that the potatoe was first brought into Europe from
the mountainous parts of South America in the neighbourhood of Quito, where they were called papas, to
Spain, early in the 16th century. From Spain, where they were called battatas, they found their way to Italy,
and there received the same name as the truffle, taratowfii. From Italy
# went toVienna, through the governor
of Mons in Hainault, who sent some to Clusius in 1598. To England the potatoe found its way from North
America, being brought from Virginia by the colonists sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584, and who re
turned in July 1586, and, probably, says Sir Joseph Banks. brought with them the potatoe. Gerarde,
158
2528 corymbsum W.
2529 olignthum Lk.
corymbed
few-flowered
25.30 Dulcamra W.
Bitter-sweet
a C or 2 jLau
a u_J or 3
...
p
3 jn.jl
2531 macrocrpon W.
large-fruited
u-J or 1 mys
2532 aethipicum W.
Ethiopian
O or 11.jls
2533 Zuccagninum Dun, scabrous
O or 1, jn.jl
2534 Pseudo-cpsicum W. Winter-cherry a L or 4 jn.s
25.35 modiflrum Jacq. thick-jointed
O w 10 jn.jl
2536 guinense W. en
large-berried
O p
4 jns
2537melanocrasum Wen.small-berried
O p
2 jn.s
2538 suffruticsum Wen fringed-leaved a U or 4 my.s
2539 nigrum W.
black-berried
O p 3 jn's
2540 miniatum Bern.
red-berried
O w 4 jn.jl
2541 humile Bern.
green-berried
O w 1 jn.jl
2542 villsum W. en.
orange-berried
O w 5 jn.s
2543 ptulum W.
2544 crispum Ft. per.
2545 bombnse Jacq.
2546 Cervantesii Lag.
spreading
2548 auricultum W.
ear-leaved
two-leaved
Havannah
O or 4 jn.s
Natre
-J or 18 jn.jl
Bomba
U or 12 jn.jl
Cervantes's
*
or 4 myjn
2547 verbasciflium W. Mullein-leaved or 7 jn.jl
Peru
-
1786. D co
1824. C co
hed. C s.l Eng. bot. 565

Peru
1759. C sp Mill ic. 2. t. 204
Ethiopia 1597. C lip Jac. wind. 1. t. 12
-
1823. S. co
Guinea
S. s.l.
Dielt.t.274.f354
W
W
Virginia ... S. s.l.

Barbary 1804. C l.
Dielt-t 275.f356
W.
Britain
Eng bot 566
W.
W.
W
Barbadoes ... S. s.l
Di.elt-t-274.f353
V
W.
W.
W
W.
India
S. s.l.
Dielt.t.275.f3.5
C
C
C
S.
S.
C.
Flper. 2. t. 158
rub. S. s.l
...
Chili
1824.
Mexico 1822.
Mexico 1818.
W. Indies 1749.
Madagasc.1773.
W. Indies 1699.
3
5
4
3
6
jnjl
jLau
myjn
my.jn
jn.jl
W.
B
W. Indies 1793.
Pa.B Peru
1791.
B
N. Spain 1820.
B
1822.
2554 elaeagniflium Cav. Oleaster-leaved a -l or

2555 racemsum W.
wave-leaved
a D or
2556 igneum W.
red-spined
* [m] or
2557 subarmtum W.
half-armed
* D or
2558 bahamense W.
Bahama
a u-J or
2559 tomentsum W.
woolly
* L or
6
4
3
6
6
2
jn.jl
jLau
mr.n
myjn
jn.jl
jn.jl
B
W.
W.
W
V
B
2550 havanense JV.
spiny
one-flowered
stellate
2560 lanceaefolium Jacq. lance leaved

2561 bonariense JV.
2562 subinerme W.
2563 lanceoltum Cav,
2564 gigantum W.
a [=jor 10 jLau
Buenos Ayres a u-J or 10 jn.s

spear-leaved
a m or 7 jLau
lanceolate
* D or 7 jn.jl
tall
* l- or 15 jn.jl
jn.j
...
2551 lycioides W.
2552 uniflrum Lag.
2553 stellatum Jacq.
Dun. sol. t. 11
Madeira 1596. S rim Sabb, rom-t-.59

I. France 1822. S co Jacq. ic. 2. t.326
or
Jac.ic. l. t. 40
Britain
* D'or
* D or
* D or
a u_J or
a u_J or
2549 diphyllum W.
...
V
W
V
B
W.
W
W.
W
CLAss W.
Chili
1823.
co
co
co
p.1
p.1
s.l
Jac. vind. 1. t. 13
Scop. insub.3, t.8
Jac.ic. 2. t.32
C co
Jac.amer.4.9. t.35
C s-p Jac.ic. l. t. 46
D co
C co
Jac.ic. 2. t. S25
C co
Cav, ic. 3 t 243
W. Indies 1781. C co Jac.amer 50t-36

S. Amer. 1714. C. s.p Jac. vind. I. t. 14
-
1820
C co
Bahama 1732 S p.1 Dielt.t.271.f350

C. G. H. 1662. C. p.1 Bocc. sic. 8. t. 5
W.
W. Indies .... C. co Jacq. ic.2 t 39
W.
B
Pa.B
V
B. Ayres 1727. C s.l D.e.364t272f351

W. Indies 1752. C lp Jac.amer.t.40.f3
Mexico
... C. s.l. Bot mag. 2173
C. G. H. 1792. C s-p Bot. mag. 1921
in his Herbal, published in 1597, gives a figure of the potatoe, under the name of Potatoe of Virginia, whence
he says he received the roots; and this appellation it appears to have retained, in order to distinguish it from
the battatas or sweet potatoe (Convolvulus battatas) till # year 1640, if not longer, The sweet potatoe." Sir
Joseph Banks observes, was used in England as a delicacy long before the introduction of our potatoes; it
was imported in considerable quantities from Spain and the Canaries, and was supposed to possess the power
of restoring decayed vigor.
The kissing comfits of Falstaff, and other confections of similar imaginary quali
ties, with which our ancestors were duped, were principally made of these and of eringo roots." Gough says
the potatoe was first planted by Sir Walter Raleigh on his estate of Youghall near Cork, and that were
soon after carried into Lancashire. Gerrarde and Parkinson, however, mention them as delicacies for the
Con
: and not as common food.
Even so late as Bradley's time they are spoken of as inferior to skirrets
and radishes.
The use of potatoes, however, became more and more known after the middle of the 18th century, and has
greatly increased in all parts of Britain within the last years. It is also very general in Holland, and
many parts of France and Germany, and is increasing rapidly in Russia. In Spain, and the East and West
Indies they are not much cultivated, owing to the heat of the climate; but in all the temperate parts of North
America, Australasia, and South America they are grown by the colonists. In China they are cultivated, but
not extensively, owing to the slow progress which every thing new makes in that country. Indeed, no root
hitherto discovered is so well adapted for universal use as the tubers of the potatoe; for, having no peculiarity
of taste, and consisting chiefly of starch, their farina is nearly the same as that of grain.
ence, with the
flower of potatoes, puddings, and such preparations as do not call the gluten of wheat-flower into action, may
be made equal to those of millet or rice, and excellent bread with a moderate proportion of good wheat-flour.
Potatoe starch, independently of its use in the laundry, and as a hair powder, is considered an equally delicate
food as sago or arrow-root. As starch and sugar are so nearly the same, that the former is easily converted
# the latter, the potatoe yields a spirit equal to that of malt by distillation, and a wine or beer by the ferment
ative process.
The varieties of the potatoe are very numerous, differing in earliness, lateness, form, size, color, and quality.
The names for these are quite arbitrary or local." In general, every district has its peculiar or favorite varie
ties. Some of these degenerate, and others improve when removed from one district to another. New varieties
ORDER I.
1.59
$ 3. Unarmed. Leaves lobed, sinuate, angular, toothed, or entire.

2528 Leaves ovate lanceolate entire or lobed, Racemes ' opp. to the leaves, Cor. 5-parted
2529 Leaves lanceolate sinuate tomentose bright-green, Pedunc. few-flowered, Sepals ovate acute
25.30 Stem wavy, Leaves ovate cordate upper lanceolate, Corymbs opposite the leaves
2531 Stem smooth, Leaves cuneate at the base sinuate
Peduncles few-flowered short
2532 Leaves ovate repand angular smooth, Peduncles 1-flowered cernuous, Berries torulose
-
2533 Leaves ovate angular repand smooth unequal at base, Pedunc. 1-flowered cernuous, Berries round
2534 Leaves oblong lanceolate subrepand, Peduncles 1-flowered outside the leaves
2535 Branches rounded, and leaves smooth ovate entire, Flowers umbelled
2536 Branches smooth angular toothed, Leaves ovate smooth entire, Flowers numerous umbelled
2537 Stem and branches angular toothed, Leaves subovate sinuate angular, Flowers umbelled
2538 Leaves ovate toothed angular ciliated, Umbels extrafoliaceous stalked
2539 Stem angular, Leaves ovate toothed naked, Flowers in umbels
2540 Branches strigose pubescent angular winged, Wings toothed, Leaves ov. rep smooth, Flowers in umbels
2541 Branches angular toothed pubescent, Leaves ovate repand upper entire, Flowers in umbels
2542 Stem rounded villous, Leaves ovate angular toothed villous
Flowers in umbels
. . . $4. Unarmed. Leaves quite entire.
2543 Stem shrubby, Branches powdery, Leaves oblong lanceolate powdery on both sides, Racemes spreading
2544 Leaves ovate and subcordate waved curled acuminate, Flowers corymbose
25.45 Leaves oval pointed at each end smooth, Racemes cymose
2546 Stem erect, Leaves ovate lanceolate attenuated at each end
Racemes 2 and 3-chotomous
2547 Leaves ov. obl acuminate entire downy, Surface discol. Axils leafless, Corymbs terminal dichotomous
2548 Leaves ovate oblong acuminate woolly axillary, Leaflets semicircular, Corymbs di-trichotomous
2549 Lvs. in pairs one obl narrow. towards each end obt; other smaller obov. ellipt. Cymes stalk opp. the lvs.
2550 Leaves ovate lanceolate acute shining smooth, Peduncles 1-flowered, Berries oval
2551 Branches spiny, Leaves elliptical, Peduncles filiform 1-flowered
2552 Stalks axillary 1-flowered, Cal. 10-cleft, Leaves mostly in pairs subsessile elliptical
2553 Stem climbing flexuose, Lvs. ovate lanc. smooth acuminate, Pedunc. in pairs, Cal. unequally toothed
$ 5. Prickly. Leaves entire or sinuate-angular.
2554 Leaves discolored the lower sinuate prickly upper entire unarmed, Pedunc. few-flowered
25.55 Stem unarmed, Leaves lanceolate repand undulated acute
2556 Leaves lanceolate acuminate revolute on both sides at the base
2557 Stem prickly, Leaves lanceolate pubescent beneath entire edge revolute at base
2558 Leaves lanceolate repand obtuse reflexed at edge
2559 Stem prickly, Prickles acerose, Leaves cordate unarmed repand wavy, the young ones purple
2560 Leaves lanceolate oblong attenuate at each end roughish beneath prickly, Raceme short unarmed
2561 Stem nearly unarmed, Leaves ovate oblong sinuate repand rough, Corymb extrafoliaceous stalked
2562 Stem nearly unarmed, Leaves lanceolate ellipt entire above smooth beneath tomentose, Cymes mealy
2563 Stem downy, Leaves lanceolate long entire hoary beneath, Racemes terminal, Sepals subulate
2564 Stem with downy prickles, Leaves lanceolate acute unarmed above smooth beneath hoary
are readily procured by sowing the seeds, which, with care, will produce tubers the third year, and a full crop
the fourth. As few of the early sorts produce blossoms, to procure seeds from them deprive the plant of its
tubers as they appear, and keep the runners from which they proceed above ground, by not earthing up the
plant, and blossoms and seeds will soon be produced. This Mr. Knight completely proved, and the rationale
is developed in the Philosophical Transactions for 1806. It appears that the same sap gives existence both to
the tuber and blossom, and that whenever a plant of the potatoe affords either seeds or blossoms, a diminution
of the of tubers, or an increased expenditure of the richness of the soil, must necessarily take place. This
led Mr. Knight to attempt the practice adopted by the Dutch florists with their bulbous flowers, viz. to pinch
off the flowers to
the bulbs.
This, in the potatoe, Mr. Knight thinks may add an ounce in weight
to the tubers of each plant, or considerably above a ton per acre. The practice is now general among scientific
cultivators even in field culture.
The curl is a well known disease of potatoes, which frequently disappoints the cultivator of a crop, or renders
that produced of little value. A great variety of opinions exist as to this disease: without enumerating these,
we may state, as the general result of experiments by different persons, that the curl arises in most, or at least
in many cases, from using over ripe tubers as seed stock, or from the employment of seed stock which has
been injured or improperly kept during the winter; that is, kept exposed to the light and air instead of being
covered with earth, or sand, or straw, so as to preserve their juices. The experiments of various farmers and
gardeners, as recorded in the Farmer's Magazine and Caledonian Hort. Mem., lead to the above conclusions.
The culture of the potatoe, both in the field and garden, is universally known.
It may be forced in pots or
on dung or tan beds; and, for this purpose, using sets from tubers that have been retarded a year in an ice
house or cold place, is found a great advantage. Thus, in planting in December 1823, use tubers of crop
1822. These, from the long period of repose which they have had, will be found highly exciteable by heat, and
of much more rapid growth than sets of the preceding crop. As matter of curiosity, boxes containing alter
nate layers of light earth and potatoes of the last season but one may be placed in any dry covered place, free
from frost, in November, and they will produce a brood of young tubers in contact with the old ones on the
December following, without either leaves, roots, or runners. (Hort. Trans. i. 225.)
Potatoes are best preserved by burying in pits in dry ground, so deep as to be under the influence of surface
temperature, or so enveloped with thatch as to produce the same effect. At a certain depth, they will keep
ICO
Class V.
Africa,&C.1597.
iQJcul
2565 Melotigna W. Egg-plant
SS l.p
Lp Pluk.phy.266.'.2
.1226.3
Arabia
Indies 1815.
*
oror 222 Jnjl
Mad-apple
2566
insnim. P.Dun.
&
1597.
jn.jl
iQI
oval-egg-plant
8567
ovlgerum
.
Her. lugd. 1 575
1688.
* ior
I or 1 P Pu Africa
black-spined
2568
sodmcum
W.
S
pi
India
1733. s.p Di.elLt270.f.J49
Indian
2569
Indicum
W.
sch.4 L469
Arabia
Fe.1802.
w
3
il
S3
or
scollop-leaved
2570
cogulans
W. W, white-edged l_J or 4 jn.l Pu Africa 1775. s.p Jac
Bot
. 1923
2571
marginatum
sp
Di.elLL26S.f..!7
1732.
VPaB S.America
jl
EJw
purple-spined
2572
campechinse
If.
Jaco,
ic L t 41
Amer.
1816.
3
ap.jl
or
most-pricklv m l_j
2573
aculeatissimum
Jac.
S
8.p
Plu.alm.L226.tl
W. Indies
Indie 1778.
1609. s.p Jac. id. L 4*
Pa.B
! ocor 46 jl.au
nipple
2574
mammium
W.
W.
Pu
jn.s
mi
2575 rtramniflium W. broad-leaved
E. Indica 1795.
5 au.s Pu
Malabar
2576
frox W.W.
Jacic2
t. 330
G. H. 1762.
W India
* i_J or 123 jLau
Miller's
2577MiUri
Bu. in.57.L22.C2
s.p
s.p.l
1759.
VPa.B
su
three-lobed
2578
trilobtum
W.
r..
Jac.ic.2.
LS31
Carolina
1732.
2
jl.
Carolina
2579
carolinnse
. Di.cltt.267
Ex. bot 2. 1f.3*6
64
Madagascl789.
s
w 4I i
2580
Pyracntha
Sm. orange-thomcd
S B.P
Virginia
my.au
Virginian
2581
virgininum
E. Indies 1662.
1804. S s.p Jacic2t332
E2 w 5 s.n
2582Jacquini
W. W. Jacquin's
4 ap.s W S. Amer. 1816. Bot reg 140
ll_|or
decurrent
2583Balhsii
l_lor 3 an s Y Mexico 1824. Car. 1 4. 1 309
covered
584 tectum P.Dan.
S.
Solaneir. Sj .47.
452 NYCTE'RIUM. Vent. NvcTERinM.
Vent malm. 85
IsL 1800.
1779. Bot
23 jn.au
ap.my Pu Can.
2585
heart-leaved
71 t7
Mexico
2586 cordiftium
amazonium Vent, purple
S Pursh.reg.am.2.
1813.
iLau Pu
YY Louisiana
0 oror 22 JLs
2587
lobtum
Null.
}
"
Brazil 1813 S Bot reg. 177
2588 fontaneeinum Dan. J
1. 1824.
Capsicum.
4SS.
CAPSICUM.
S r.m Knor.th.2tc.6
India 1548.
W
Q cul
12 jn.jl
annuum
rr. W.W.en. globular-fruitcdjtt
common
2589
nnuum
W.
r.m
1807.
W
cul
apjl
2590
sphse'ricum
r.m SI.ja.l.tl46.f.2
1731.
W
I cul 32 jn.s
2591 bacctum W.
Bird-pepper JiCZjcul
S r.m
Jac.viiid-.t.6/
1807.
China
W
jn.s
2592 sincnsc W.
oval-fruited
r.m
Rev.a-l.tllXl
1759.
India
W
01
cul
SBBgroMuin
W.
large
i
r.m
1656.
India
Pa-Y
ili(Z)cul
I cul 41 jn.s
Jn.s Pu W. Indies 1804. r.m Ru.
shrubby
2594
frutscens
W.
Hotamb.
mag. 5.1St
dark-fruited
2595
bicolor
Jarq.
S r.m
W. Indies 1739.
Pa.Y
cul
1
jn.s
Cherry-pepper
2596
ccrasirorme
W.
1804. r.m
CDcul
2 jnjl
apjl W
2597 pendulum tV. en. pendulous
W
India
1548. SS r.m
cul
2598
16ngum
Dec.Mill. long-fruited
India
w
cul
jlljl
2599
cordiforme
heart-fruited
SS r.m
rin
India
w
cul
injl
2600 tetragnum Mill. quince-fruited
r.m
India
w
jn.jl
cul
angular-fruited
2601
angulsum
Mill.
India
1750.
w
cul
apjl
conical
2602
conoides Mill.Mill. pyramidal
r.m
r.m
w
apjl
I
Icul
9603
pyramidale
cul jn.s
sinatl-fruited scul
apjl w
2604
r.m
r.m
w
2605 microcrpum
cerasinrum Lk.Dec cherry-flowered
r.m
2606 micrnthum Lk. small-flowered S CUl myjn w
Htory, Ute, Propagation, Cu/ture,

and
.ES!CvaTuc
F'the
ni?i *iHOPi
I*"-
l".
poeticalis cultivated
allusion to extensively
the beautifulabout
appearance
and
Homecookerv
for the .e
ofmil
the^.
ôm"e<r.'n Itai.,
in Italian
and1|
exc'?nt
.""*'Fr.
"Itgeneral
is one ofpurposes.
the mostItscommon
articles>aplc<
used
country
is\S3tg'on
"
"
'or
fish,
meat,
and
use
forsauce
tins
'nil&bi^nM^M^'b'itS " ?1",| ' considcrabfe extent nTar London, against wallsin and
S.
nigrum
a
ier,
coin
??
houbed,
and
transplanted
like
other
tender
annuals.
donna A tenis? " dunhlU'. narcotic and poisonous like S. dulcamara and Atropa bellabing the bod, with an o f, 1?i bUîne UI> 10 thc chi" ^ i1"1 Mrth- *nd ft"'"d*
S. thiopicumm is T">"e4
lil^"'."'"'.""ado
planL at the tables of mandarins like our
cherries.
in China forfrom
the the
fruit,leaves
whichof this
is served
and theffi^'n'^w".
its Arabic name, according to Forskahll is cultivated both in Europe
P'e. The
is mores ic ,hL' . <*
is used
boiled,to stewed
in sauces,
like like
thatthc
of thc
lovc-apothcr
tenderplant
annuals
5 '* 1
requires
be matured
underSec.glass,
balsam
and
452.
Nyclerium.
From
uncatum
resembles
it
in
habit,
and
may
be
cultivated
for
the
same
purpose.
N amazonium is a li,,,","?'"'."''I ^ A *mal1 tr[be r Phnt cut off from their ancient genus Solanum.
4.S. Cayrtcum.
8rowi"B "ell
in pots inofa the
moderate stove.
"*
d'lmle ou deFrom
OUmr, rt.
F?' ^S.
on ccount
thc seed
and ponrarn.
ma ?'fruit10oflle>
C. baccatum,
commonlybiting
called heat
bird ofpepper,
is gathered
when
Ouu I
PENTANDHIA MONOGVnia.
angularnuny-puted.
and lohcil Seeds naked
_,,-, Flowers
mentse,
Pedunc.
pendulous
thick.p.onatihd,
Cal-prickly
0mm*
UôntoNtmpndtoniento^
unarmed,
^^ftyJHfc
SSBtatfte,
Pricklesstraight
dilated atsinuate
base, Lva.
obi. sinuate
^^tS^S
i#>Stem
pncklj,
Leaves
oblong
tomentnse
angular,
hcgm.
smuat
Lataeilteoblong sinuate rcpand downy white beneath, middle nervetoothed.
ber Sepal* rem
Imwbcordatesinuate
beneathlob.hoarvbe
abovetooth.
whiteFertile
at edges,
Berni ""."f'
BSStevwyprickly
hairy,cordate
L.lottedcord,
cal.
_
Sua.veryprickly,
lob. obl
I-obeslob.icutetoothedvillous
on both
mtat&vTth
. Lvi
prickL Lt.. R*OOtd
prickly on both side*andveryprickly
vi . Ber
like S^5
the teatof ta3
,, 1
acutelywith
lob. the
vd. raceme*
and prickly
both ^."^^^H
Lm. rdale.inua.e
cord,moothiah
angular lobed
tnment.
andoncalyxesprickly,
Ber. hairy t-ov. by calyx
, Leave*ilobedobtuse
Leave,
obtuse
prickly,
Peduncle*
in
pain
smooth.
Flower*
racemose
riolet
Leave*ovate oblong
tOBiBOtOM
sinuatedowny.
angularPrickle*
acuminate,
Racemes
ax
, Leavesoblong
.innate
pmn..tifld
straight
scarletsimple
prickly.
IM pinnatacute*M
pricklv
0 both side*,
nnuated
.--abmldiffuseprickly,
Ix-avcs sinuate
p.nnatiiid
pricklyScgm.
on both
sidesobtuse,
smooth,Raceme*
( alyxes pncKlv
pnckiy
11 Wdy. LearnLvs.
pinnatifid
or bipinnatifid,
Berti*
covered
by Raceme*
the enlarged
and lateral
micUuand
yfprickly,
pmuatmd,
tara,
acute
sinuate
toothed,
cyraoee
terminal
StemthruUiy rounded prickly, Leave* bipinnatitid prickly on both aide* villoua
Leiiaillipticalsinuatelomentose,
Ltbcorditeentire. Raceme* divided,
Cal unarmed
Flowersseveral
largeterminal
i*~Sem andleavesprickly, Leave* ovatepmnatifid
hairy
on both side*
Semwoodypncklj hairy, Leave, deeplypinnatifid, Anthers small
2
Fruitoblongpendulous
erect their stalks
smooth. Stem herbaceous
Mt pendulousandinStalk*
-*1 Iraitftoboworsteerect
pain,smooth,
Stalks Stem
smooth.shrubby
Stem shrubby
5twKmtependulous
in pairs, .Stalks
Stem shrubby
iAFrutr,>Uii ovate lubcomprewed
erect,pubescent,
Stalks smooth,
Stein herbaceous
^"4
Ootu,e'
Sulk'
raiooth.
Stem
erect
55**"11,1',
StalksStem
smooth, Stem sliruliby
m M(Most, sulkspubescent.
SbJks smooth.
MFnrtolsong,
StemSUshrubby
m
M
oUonit
acuminate
incurred.
mInrtbearuhaped, Stem herbaceous
ans-ut- Sfer" KS* SS Mf,hrul"
1 -preaJirig
Clam V.
162
.4
Lp Cav.di.7.L218
I.eea.
E. Indies
Indica 1790.
4M.
LEE'A.
W. W. Elder-leaved
* 10 Mellaeeie.
... W
Lp Bot rep. 355
G
E.
1777.
^ Lp
2007
eambucina
a
O
cu
M
.
H.
1767.
ihrubby
2608rien-'.i
aguata W.
fti Q
cu
"
curled
4
o
GE.
Indies
1806.
Lp
cu Rubiacar. SpA22610 macrophflla Roxb. long-leaved
t455.
SPERMADICTYON.
Roxb.
Spermaimctyon
Lp Bot reg. 348
4
o
WE.
Indies
1818.
2611 suaroleni Roxb. ewect-*ccnted * or
So.
L
Rubiace.
Lun.ULf.U8
456.
Dentella. . CI or i
w N. Holl. 1805. S
3612DENTEL'LA.
rcpetu W. W. creeping
5/1.Jamaica
2fi. 1806. p.l Sw.obs.68.t3.ll
457. MACROCNE'MUM. W. Macrocnemum. or 14 Rubiacex.
... W
261S
W. Jamaica
India 1804
61+ jamaiccnse
etrlctum Roxb.
upright
mt
CJ or 10 ... W Sp.E.212.
, Bot. rep. 4SI
45a EXOSTEM'MA. Rieh. Exostemma O or 20 Rubtace.
W.
Indies 1780. Lp
W
n-"
85 cnrihiiKum
W,W. caribanan
w W. Indiee 1794. Lp Lamb.cin.27.t7
lm
9816
BoiibdnduiB
many-flowered
^
,
459. BURCHEI/LIA. . , Birciiellia.
Rubiceas Sp.o.l.1.
2617 buballna Br. Cape
* i I or 3 my.jn S C. G. R 1818. r.m Bot mag. 2339
t*et>. RONDELETIA. W. Rondeletia.
Rubiacat-. Sp.W.318.
Indies 1752. s.p Plu. le. 1 242. [I
8818
americana
IKK. smooth-leaved
American **
oror 1012 jl.au
au W
W. Indiee 1790.
2619
larvigta
.
W
Jamaica
1776. s.p
s.p Bot cab. 350
2. liirta . Jt.
hairy
CD or ID jn.au Pit
.Pu Sp.Guiana
1.
1803. s p Aub gui. t 192
461.
COUTARE'A.
Aub.
Coitarea.
2621 six-cisa Aub.
laurel-leaved I 1 or 12
Port/ hcxandra W.
Sp. S.
Pohtlani>ia. *Dor 12 Rubiacca.
1775. s.p Bot mag. 286
aPORTLAN'DIA.
grandiflra if. W. groat-flowered
jn.au W Jamaica
Jamaica 1812.
or
scarlet
2 coccnea P. S.
Campaaulaceee.
Sp 75240.
Swltieil.
1775. Reo AILped-LlfCi
463. CAMPA'NULA. W. Beu-Flowe
Hungary
2624
ccnisia W, Kit.
Italy 1820.
1813 RR AlLped.U85.t5
2625
microphfua
Austria 1779. R Bot cab 55t
Bellrdi
All.
D.B
Camin:,
181.3.
DDpi
Jac.
ic.mag.2. 1117334
2li27p(illa
W.W.
CarpAlps
1774.
Bot
2628
Zoysii
Britain
hea.
D
p.l
Eng.
269
crstica
W.
Pa.B SwItierL 1821. R Bauh.botpr. 866
3.t.S4
2630
SwitterL ... D p.I Bot mag. 512
2631 rotundiflia
pusllla Hanke.E.
Bohemia
1813
D
2632
pmila
.
".
N. S.W. 1794. R Bot mag. R4
2633
pubscens. .
W.
V Europe
1811
Bot
cab.
4&>
26:14
Britain
past.. DSS p.l
Eng.
bot
42283
2tv5 gracilis
Scheuchsri Fi/A
CP
or
jl.au
Pu
Britain
hed.
r.m
Eng.
lt
apituh
5 Q) cul 3 jl.au Europe 1596. D p i Fl dan. 1(*7

Ramiiion
57 ltapnculus IK Peach-leaved
Euroiic 1596. D p.l Bot mag. 397
2638 persiciflia
1596. DD p.lp.l Jac sch. 3 1 U*
mxima W.W. large-pcach-ludPa.B Carniola 1811
pyramidal
2639 pyramidalis
oblique
2610
obliqua
W.en.
Pensylv.
1763.
s.1
American
2611 americana TV.
Cl>
1
Iiistory,
failure,
r!!,"; P'cmy
of !ltu"s
fVom treated
A"B"as
the endUte,annuala
of Propagation,
September.
They mayis besometimes
also railed
under hand-lla**
.T,rm
common
cerasiforme
cultivated
for the s"
m.t'Ji'''
"""'.n
the
first
James
I,
of
the
Hammersmith
Nursery,
an
excellent
cultivator
purpostvj
as
the
common
capsicum.
!i"! m hea
V
* """c beaul>' lh,n a hemlock. Cuttings root easily under a haltni
1'|?'.'"''''!'"-. From *4.
an<l Ii**, a net, on account of the manner in which the see
4 1,
~ A d,mi,"ut'i
of dent,
t.x.th ; the"lc
divisions
of the corolla having each three little ,,
teetn.
*
r Kmty '"">
f""awilh
""won
IhiriuaSS
1 lrom
* oul- *n<l 'ong, anda,rifat,
crown,a stamen,
in allu.ion to the protrusion of the stamens ; one
45 F*n?,* """V
iTom
Theiilini
ge"u,r.i.1
riZh'ccou''u?fu"hicn
8cnu 'n'-'"'hopataled
Dncnoia.who being cured ,by lh.
this
?.. !."'c,h
K,hcIw,med
Couim-tofrom
of Cinchn,
the as,.
ni.hing
' ' '!00'
rcla,0'l
and s|cies
is a most
genus,
the besttheis PcruS
i
bark- Xi*"*
ô hark,,carlJ
is taken
from this,
various
[ butImportant
that which
proiui
Jesuit's
barkaretri.Sotfver"0"
.~ .offii'ml>>. Eaostemma
native ofcaribanim,
Peru, andbutnotlandyetthere
introduced valuable
to this for
country.
Our specie,
its tu"
le nos very common" ,,he
In collections, being
of slow growth, and not verytooeasily
propagated.
s
OubL
ies
*^Bft ESSopposite oral Hat entire

PPole, rWmhorleds,
*'' tubular red Sower, like a
a honeysuckle
^comale nalryiigld * beneath, stalk, axillary erect
Su nexandroui plant
KU
Manager. spreading
T..ed th
'
'
"' ,n- "- "*>
*ki'kbe-W^
SisJTb ..
He kir
Cla V.
IM
Dod.
me.'4. till
DS pJ
Amer. 1731.
Bot reg.
S.P
smooth-lcavod
I
*j4 Y\v N.Madeira

1777.
Bot
rep 573Wt
2frl2
nitida
gohen-liowered*
!
or
3
D
il
St
Greece
1788.
So43a.'irca
V. fi. - various-colored A or t2 ji..
D Bot reg. 236
Pa.B
2644 versicolor
Lily-leaved or 4 my.s
. Siberia
Siberia 178*.
ISSU. RD oop.l GmeLsib.3.L7
avt
liliflia
W.
my.jn
mag.as255
long-stylcd
'
Siberia
178.
Bot.
Mb.
SeKi rtylsa I***-W. greatnowcrcd or 1 jn.au . SwitierL 17 D p.1 Bot
^26*7grandifl6ra
PaLit3.tG.il
5
jl
Germ.imler-lvd.k
or
11
S.l
L.B
Siberia
1
i8i
8618 rhomboitlea . whorled,
i or * "., .
R oo
42i-llvcrtU-Hlta
i O oror 1 jLau W.p Madeira 5J
S 4
IfcVO manupiiflo.Fi**. cernuuus
sraall-rlowcred
SwitierL 1777.
1820. R oo Bot cab. 561
Sil
Lobelioldee
W.
Jmyjn
bitten
o
03' excUa ScA.
.royi. S Eng. bot 302
Pu Britain
Caucasus
latiflia *. giant
265
Germany 18a*
1800. D Eng. bot
woolly-fruited
2IM; crio.-rpa
Britain
woods.
D Ppi Eng. bot 1369
W.W. N'ettle-leaved
a urticifolia
England
woods,
Throatwort
Trachlium
Hungary 1814. Sp
creeping
Bapunculoldea
W.
Bot reg. 237
large-spiked
?iB
Sberl.
'
1803.
DD
macrostlicliya Para. Betony-loaved
Italy
I"300 M.h.S.s.5.t4.f.SS
aarmtica B. lieg. pauicled
Bot
se.
Caucasus
1815
D
bononinsis
W.
Eng. mag.
bot SO2653
22 jn.au
209)
VPU Britain
ch.pl.
Dpi
JV.cn. Russian
my.e
llii.il ruthnica
Siberia
1824.
clustered
glomerate
W.
23 jlmy in L.P Germany I168. s s.p Bot
452
showy
epeclosa
.
Bot cab.
mag.
927
wave-leaved
UB Caucasus
1803.
Dp p.pl Bot
Ccrvicria
W.
mag.
5al
1
jLao
SwitierL
1778.
Sage-leaved
colima
.
M.
1J
jn.jl
Bot
reg.
241
w
Siberia
1814.
s.p
azure
uurea
.
M.
2
jl."
Bot
cab.
505
Pa
Bavaria
1817.
s.p
milk-colored
Bicb.
Bot
57 lactiflra
2 JLl
crowded-flower,
aggrcgtt
rV.cn.
Bot mag.
mag. 1290
1257
in.au
5W SwitierL
.CG.
G. H.
H. 1785.
1794. SSS S.P
pl
long-spiked
thyrsoldea
W.
2
jn.au
1804.
pl
rough-leaved
W.
ano peregrina
I
jn.au
Bot
mag.
782
.
G.
H.
1803.
S
s-p
nodd-flowered
crnua 77.
1 jn.au
1
Cape
2- capnsis W.
Bot mag.
R1) p.l
1752.
L.B Italy
mag 1258
17S3
ljjnjl
bearded
ot
Bot.
Siberia
18.
273
barbta
.W.
Knor.th.l.tG-2
1 my.jn W
dotted-flowered
A
or
Germany
151/.
2674
punctata
4
jn.s
Cmtcrb-liells
S
d)
or
---
R
CO
Pyrenees
181.
267.5
DB SwiucrL 1786. S s.p All.pl- t46.t2
long-lcaved 5
A oror 41 jn.s
S676 Medium
longilolia W.La Teyr. spiked
jl
Bot mag.
957
1779. 1) pl
2677 spicta 1.
IILB SwitierL
ljjl
alpine
5
,
s.l Bot.
Sicily
1788. D pl
Barr.mag.*
1.i9. tela
2678
alpina
W.
1
my.au
Pu
soit
lAI
or
Candia
1768.
2679
mollis
If.
1 my.au Caucasus 1803. pl Bot.
mag. 912
680
saitilis V. rock
Alliaria-leavcd lEiAlo'
" A or" 31 JLs
R 00 Buib.cen.5t.18
2681
Iberia
1823.
jnjl
Bot
mag.g.**
659
Siberia
1783.
2682 aUiaria-'folia
lamiiflia Bich. Nettle-leaved
Sweet
1
jl.s
SD PI. rar.fl.hun.
Siberian
1814.
tm
2683
11 Hungary
Ujnjl
Q)
or
2684 siblrica
divrgensW.1. en. spreading
Hungary
1804.
VV Caucasus 1804. D 00
tongue-leaved 5 AA oror 1 1 jl.au
2685
lingulta
W.rn.
jl.au
Bot
rep.
385
)
p
l
Caucasian lAJor 2 my.au S.B Greece 178. I) a.1 Bot reg. 149
2686 caucsica Bteb. jagged-leaved
181j.
26871acinita
W.
it AA oror 22 11jn.jl Siberia
crowned
Greece 1768. D 00 Bot mag Sil
S688coron&U
B.Reg.
headed
2689 cichorcca
Sib.
1814. S S.1
my.au
2690 capitata
lanuginosa. M.W.cn. woolly-lcaved CD or 2 jjl.au
Pa.B
SEurope
17ffl SD tl M.h.s.5.tb
or
J
'my.jn
England
m.s.p.
bug ^ 73
forked
2691
Erlnus
W.
*.
Ivy-leaved "
2602 hedercea V.
2645
2641
Hilior, I/se, Propagation, Culture,
>ccout the astro,h it is called Venus' looking-glass. Andel..mirror;.were *>> round, .7"7. geimji
louical
sign
of
Venus
was
2
,
or
a
tlgurc
01
tne
aiuiq'"'"
.-.iprs
of
the
flower
ganu=..
oT
heor.1
.pertes
are beautiful,
a,ldiettica,
.11 of them
of easy culture
m '^,,,^'5,
might
be eaten. Almost
One
two
are
used
ta
the
rootso
"
"
i^rte.
have long isthick
white
roots, which
aboundand.n "a
an acrjpjjg
fur,thc
roots, **\M
C. rapunculus
much
cultivated
.11 lrance
.an" MJJ^
,.
W
JJ,oiut,
boiled
and will
eaten
withforsauce,
with vinegar
Kiil in tonda
drills, and
1hotready
use byorthecoldautumn
of the ami
samepepper.
year. i.. 1 taifl)lUl ad Uapunculo ^
mav
cultivatetl
forveiysame
_ ^ years ago,
ona, 11 st,l
still
cultivated,,,.but, has give"and f",
lavi1C'. also
ben;,llie
cultivated
thefashionable
sanie punise.
tjl, ^
cultivated
pyramidalis
was
rJant thirty
.andalorfulgen..
vrv
f:ikhiniiable
" a dsmA
and tntraillo'
Lobelia
splenden,
It is stilll>lain demand in Hoi
a.^n
largt. ami
being
place.1
before
flre-place.
in
thc
summer[înfo,^h^TCll
L.t.uue
in r two or
in the fan manner, so as to cover a large surface, in 111c snaue
I.
16i
*LoTOU,l,te; rauiine nitdr M i.âb "hulate, Corolla rotate prwtS
"WB,
, ttSS!.!!"
^^^SnbSHK?""}
Cal. .mootn **> ", q.readir.g
&^ -
4Z!Jt
.
i lu
~, i ,., i , , cernuous
kapsele opening at th*

Class V.
166
Ss Pi
-
CG.
il
1 |or 1 * au
.S. Europe
G. H.
H. 1787.
1787.
-i O o' 1 my.au
1596. S S.1 Bot mag. IOS
my.au
Pu
11 my..u
tiot 56375
cha.
fi, SS als.1 Eng.
my.au W
ru England
reg.
JOr
Turkey
16H6.
corn
,J696 alba
hbrida W.
B.p
S si Bot
M.h.2.s.5.t2.f.2S
O or 11 my.au
fivc-angled
N.
Amer.
my.au
Pu
O
'
vs. fmsssTmtj perfoliate
^. 46-170. Lp
Campamtlacete gTh.
Lobelia. OS
.
>464. LOBE'LIA. W. simple-stalked
l my.au c.CG.
H.
1791.
2699 Simplex
S ..p Bot rep. 273
linear-leaved
.
G.
H.
522700
linearis
W.
my.au
V
.
i
[or
14
Pne-leaved
C.
G.
H.
179V R 1 p Bot mag. 1*
2701
pinimlia
my.au
V
11
or
I
eingle-toolhed " 'iI jl.au
Britain
lake*.
2702
unidentta
.
.
2703
Dortmima IV. water
waier
Chili 1791. R s.p Bot. mag. 13i>
KMsalicflia
willow- eaved .*"ls7
l_lp
l_l P 6 jn.au
willow-leaved
S Bot mag. 2238
Tipa
H
.
gigantea
.
M.
G Carolina
15 jl-au
271)5
Kafmii
. M. racemose
K*lm
.,ior
W. Indies 1820.
ISIS. Bot mag.
jl-au
"706
raoemfca
?1-1'
.
G.
H.
1790.
t
my.au
ASSISI*
S s.p
Jamaica
G. H. 1774.
Jacvind. 127
ort frlnnetra IPIT. Daisy-leaved
triangular * <*
iAJ or 11 my.au
1732.
my.au W
!7
SSraIV>.
long-flowered
SD s.p
s.p
W
.
G.
H.
171.
Will, nor, ber.30
S Lecilnda
side-flowering | H
iAI or lj| my.au
s.1
.
Amer
1799
jn.au
mSSnllr
T - purple
Goodenia-like | l_J
A or 3 jn.o S W. Indies 1787. a-p Bot.
Bot rep.
rep. 553
669
S712
assuCgens
.
a.p
Mexico
1809.
2713
fidgeiis W. en.Sm. fulgent
4 -1
oror 36 my.
D r-m
RS Virginia
Nepal 1822.
my.jn
Bot
mag.
^
Mullein-leaved
S
162.
3
my.s
Bot
reg.
60380
.Al or 3 my.s S Mexico 181*. P
2715
W. en. Canlinal-floweri
.splendid
i
S
s.p
S716 cardinlie
splndens W.
CG.
H.
1774.
1. nahol. l.tTS
feeble
uQJ r 11 jl.au
S s.p
N.S.W. 180*.
717
dbilis
IV.
Bot mag
reg. 537
winged-stalked
iAI
oror 2 my.au
1665.
2718
alita Air.
L.B Virginia
au.0
blue-cardinal
W.
Indies
1786.
S719iphilitica
W.
jajl 0 W. Indies 1820. Bot.
Bot
shrubby
**L_Jor
Ll or 22 ja-jl
2720 surinamnsis W. red
Bot cab.
mag.7*9741
N.&VV.
1801 SD .
rL-ilis
rubra . .
D.B
slender
_ iQJ 11 jlo
2721
N.
S.
W.
Li.ac.up.1741.tl
jn.au
SS A.P
27?2 ixmmrscens
au
..... .
if . .. purplish
adder-podded t iAI
O cu" UIi jljl-au
bladder-podded
s.p Li. h.cl 426.46
27J
nflata
purpie-flowere
SS alP
2724
cliftbrtina
W.
1
jlau
Bmall-flowered
2725 micrntha Hook.
DR als.p
UgS
272fi
rene
'.1 .
2727
am'na
lln3 jn.au
in s
2728
minuta
W.
S1 -s.p
2729
Laurntia
W.
i.*!
my
jl-,
2730
tenclla
Bio.
;
my.au
i
2731 campanuloldes 77i
i i jn.s
R (. >i
732
Ertnui
W.
jn.au
2733
ennoldes
W..
f i jn.au
LR >
2734
bicolor
H.
my.s
S735 liciflia M.
i ijn-Jl
jn.au
S .
s.p
i my.
12693 fruticoa W,
shrubby
2697 ' 4 """*> W

HUtory, Use, Propagation, Od/vre,
Like other biennials, it may either be sown where it is to
oftimeblue,
red,midsummer,
purple, andorwhite
sborder
in spring
for transplantation.
after
sown
in
VAspeculum
and
hybrida
are
annual
of considerable
IconesinPlan
Lobelia. In honor of M. Lobel, authorflowers
of various
works, and beauty.
particularly < " ^^.,,,
161
rum
;
he
was
bom
at
Lisle
in
1538,
became
physician
and botanist
!.. ara iu.g and 4,|ender
This genus furnishes some of our most splendid herbaceous
planta, toas jami-s
L canlinans,
TheL. predominant
color ofDortmann,
the corollasanis apothecary,
red.
mhWl isis a lieautiful
Dorlinanna (from
who first Bent it to Clonal),
oeau! aquatic wi
leaves
reflected into
an grows
elegant bycurve
at the
end,and
and rivulets
the flowers
m loose
spikes.
plai
L
longiflora,
which
moist
places
in
the
West
mme,
is
.". poisonous
i caUed
unawai
Taken
internally
it
brings
on
an
invincible
purging.
If
the
plant
be
handled,
"
"?
Applied to the eyes or lips, it brings on an Lnuammatioil. In the Spanish ^ est unites
They
are îture
readily mof
Lavallos,
because
horses are
to burstthe
withthree
eatinggrand
it
L. fulgens,
splendens,
andn^portcd
.. 'm-tiplied
by cuttings
or slips,
orcardinalis,
by seeds arc
when they
ri|ien, aandornament:
grow
wel
nd hi
whoondesignates
cardinalis is given at length
accouut itof theflower
rich ofcolormoatof handaom
its flowers.'Jt^Sf^S of
OlDUl.
~.* lul/HWUlftlA.
167
PENTANDRIA
MONOGYNIA,
I
5.
CapsulaprimatkaL
Prumatocarpue.
Cam, coturamrSidled,
StemlanceolaU
shrubby, coarsely
Leave* linear ubulate.
Peduncle*
very long. Panifies terminal
lineuteelled,
Lewa
decumbent
95Stemmy
much brancheddifluse,
Leaves oblongerrated
crenate,amooth,
Flower*Stem
solitary
:v Branching
Stembranchedathate
upright, Leave* oblong
CaL aggregated
longer
thanCor.
corolla
ffiT
.infuse,
obtuse,crenate,
UpperFlower*
lanceolate.
oliUry,
longer tlian calyx
Stemlimpie,
LeaveLower
cordateleave*oblong
toothed atenvclasping,
*ea*ileHower
clustered
tS9Leave*
linear unooth,
villous, Stem
erect
Leara
linear
Stem
M
Grubby,
Luresonelinear
erectonerect
close side
together
Lmes
linear
toothed
each
Pjj
Leave
linear
2-ceUed,
Scape
simple
Leve lanceolate. Raceme spiked naked racemose
Systemerect,
Leare*lin.
lane,
obtuse alternate
entire.toothed,
Racemeterminal
iTWemehak*shrubby
erect,hairy.
Leavcslanc.
ovate serrate
term. Pedic, aslong a* flower*
* Lea*ovate toothed
Stem simple
*jeLenelanceolate
pinnatmd
toothed,
Raceme
terminal
BgUm*lanceolatetoothed. Peduncle* very short lateral, Tube ofcor. filiform very long
J^^fxwh,
Lower leavespubescent,
oblong toothed,
lunccolate
entire.
racemose
j
limpie
Lv*. obLUmiupper
almost
entire,
the Peduncles
lowercompound
spatulate,
SpikeMuled
naked small flow.
Da
Um
briudslightly
Unceolate
temtc
lieh
tobt
hid
de-current,
Raceme*
terminal
13
Learnlurrow
lanceolate
toothed
revoluto
at
edge
and
stem
pubescent,
Raceme
terminal
RM
A
tall
plantwith
rugose
coarse
leave*,
and
a
long
spike
of
tine
red
flowers
~ Leave*
Laraoblong
nanowlanceolate
lanceolatecartUaginous-toothed
toothletteil flat at edgeandanderect
stemstem
quitesmooth.
Kiuooth,Raceme
Racemeterminal
terminalI-sided leafy
"2tf*m"octoUte "rrated smooth, Peduncles lateral lunger than the leaf
1?..'''
S* winged,
leave* ovate Mowers
lanceolate with glandular
reflexed ofcalyx
teeth reflexed
Li obL
otile-.
cuteat
each smooth,
end Radical
unequally
solitary.
Recesses
In.
acuminate
serrated
Peduncserrated,
axilL 1-. Sepalsaxillary
linear lane,
spreading,
Anthers bearded
Lara otste cut, Stem divided, Racemes terminal naked. Upper lip of cor. bearded
m**1'. Stem ascending4-comered, Leaves ovate-1aneoIate cut serrate twice as short as leafstalk
Se
toothedserrate,
the lower ov.rtalked,
obL theCorymb
upper ovate,
Pedunc axillary 1-. Caps, inflated
r"obsoletely
terminal
- wA"*1,
mootherccL1-Clveicordlte
stemAcornered,
Leavestoothed
ovate round repantl,
Pedunc.
longer than leave*
Seta""*'1'
Lower
leaves
obovate
toothlettcd,
upper
lanceolate
serrate.
1-sided
Ki , ,"ll0,n' I-Tt btoiA lane, serr. Spike many-flowered Lsided. SepalsRaceme
entire, tcnninal
lajwcr petals
ov. acute
7*nRînf1^*'
Leava
lanceolate
oval-crenate,
Stem
branched.
Peduncle*
solitary
I-flowered
, "Hnwwti.Lt
g* tpatulate
Cauline
1-flowered
erect rfrftlll very long
!
ulk!rpand,
lanceolate
..biime;setaceou*,
toollinl, Stem*
Stein simple
decumbent,
Peduncles
^
*
teD**eA
towrajiiii
-t.tikiM,
*.
narrow
Ine,
Pedunc, laager, than Leave*.
nlsta? P"*Û' ' LMVei *
tithed
..4*'!..
lcave
<*long
toothed
pultescent
subeessile,
Upper
lip
reflc)
^^rEii T,^"le
"c 0,11>1
'"'1'*1.
Peduncles
or .'. time* axillary
as longofcor,
as1-flowered
leave*
i7
leiv
lîceolate
toothedaxillary
hairy,2 Peduncle*
* *'"'
LeeLeaves
lanceolate
tfirubby hairy prostrate.
ovau-serrated,
toothed Hower*
i** sessile
i- spiked
~
2732
S,Mu '"fe ^^torr:um^fH.n?h'h,"'> h'"b VCTy
M4
Cijus V.
PENTANDRTA MONOGYNIA.
68
Bot
ISIS
s.p
1 $ n.jl
Y .. G.G. H.H. 1752. S s.p Bot mag
mag. 1692
G44
%19
. M./t7. varlous-leaved
jl.au
Buck's-hom
S
j274(i vaniflia
cornopiflia
1794.
.p
CG.
H.
4
ap.my
notched-leaved
jf
Bot
mag.
1499
181!.
S
p
2741
nrcuta
W.
C.
G.
H.
Pu
Lookin-gla*s J
Bot m.ig.
2251
1819.
DD Bot
$2742
speculum ..V. M. long-stalked
I1i jLau
.
C.C. G.G. H.
mag.
2-7
1820.
S743
padunculita
H.
o.n
decumbent
]
Bot
mag.
2387
1822.
D
2744
decmbeni
.
M.
Nepal
II
Tu
2745 pyramidalis . M. pyramidal :
Campanulacc*. Sp. 16SIL D p.1
Rampiov.
H. PHYTEU'MA. IV. fw.flowercd
i
my.jn
Switzerl
MS
Bot mag.
1797
,, SwiuerL 1813. Boi.
2746
pauciflrum L.If. Scheuchser's
mag. 2Jil
2747
Alps 1S19.
DD p.1
I Switierl.
AIL peil.t7
.5
:
2748 Scheuchzri
scorzoneriflium'/. seorzoiiera-lvcL
1822.
p.
Jac
ic 2. tS33
cheu*t
2749
Michlii
AIL ir. linear-leaved
SwitrerL
1752.
PJ
Jac.
au.5.
2750
hemisptirc'ricum
Austria
1752.
S
U
1
!
.,
i I" jl V England ch. pa. D p.l Eng. bot 142 M
tufted
2751
comsum
IVutf.
1 i jn.au
mag.
round-hended
3752
orbiculre
K.
1804. Bot
jl u Pa.B Hungary
Vill
del 2.2347
12. 3
275
f. M.. heart-leaved
S.Europe
Europe 1818.
DD p.1
22 jn.jl
Bot
mag.
Bettny-leaved .
2754 oord&lum
bctoniciflium
1597.
p.1
jll.au
spiked
2755
spictum
D
V
Europe
1814
D
p.1
2
jli.au
oval-spiked
2756ovtum W.
DD p.l
my.jn Lebanon 1820.
S757 irgatum W.
twiggy
O) pr 11 jn.au
p.1 Bot
Bot cab.
mag.66710b
1804.
DD p.1
.
rar.cels.
fiu. 52t 14
2758campanulolJcuraH.4.Campanula-fl.
i*,'
1" 2 jn.au L Caucasus
Hungary
1804
p.l
Vent
275
canscens
IV.
ra.
Iioary
1640.
22 jn.au
Canda
4 2761
60 strtctum
pinntumB.IKif. wingcdJeaved
iAI
pr
D
p.l
Bot.
mag.
2145
S.
Europe
1819.
jn.jl
upright
i
Campanvlacae.
Sp.
24.
466 TRACHE'LIUM. 1. TmosTwoax O) or 2 il Italy 164a S r.m Bot reg. 72
blue
2762
lAJcul 4jl. C..H. 1787. S r.m
spreading
2763 cieri'ileum
dilltisuin W.W.
Sp. 4. S s-p Bot mag. 378
ROBLLJL . \ I 1 Carnpanulacete.
MS?.
UOEL'I.A.
W.
jns Pu . G.
H.
1774.
ciliated
S s.p
27G4cilita
IF. if.
G.
H.
1787.
t~ iAI
or
i
i<
trailing
765
iquarroaa
.
G.
H.
1787. SS Lp L'He. se.an.4.L6
1 ijL
jl..
iDJ
or
decurrent
2766 decrrcni W
CG
H.
1802.
iQJ cu
Moss-like
2767 muscsa W.
Goodmovs. Sp. 243.
468.
OooDima
2 jn.o Y t S.W. 1793. S s.p Bot rep. 68
2768GOODE'NIA.
ovata
R. Br.R Br.Br. oval.leaved
2769
grandiflora
large-flowered tt.tt. I,\ I,| ~.or 4 jn.au Y N. S.W. 1803. S s.p Bot mag. 830
Sp. I 1B03. l.p Bat mag. 1137
469.
EiniiALEa. y iA| or 1 my.s P.Y Hoa
2770EU'THALES.
triurvis lt. Br.. Br.three-nerved
So.
113. wit Lp Ann. mol ls.t-2
f47a DAMPlE'llA. A Br.upright
DaSt. lAI or 1 Jn.au S. aw.
2771 strlcta R. Br.
Sp. 2- mar. D Eng. bot 703
Brook-weed. A pr 4 Primitlaccatl
471.
SAMO-LUi
W.Br. common
jn.au W Britain
277!
Valcrndi.tt.Br.
lAlpr J jl.s W N. S.W. 1806. D s.1 Bot cab. 43S
sea-side
2773 littoralis
Vi i l l i. )f tAlor Jap ...Y So.N. 16.
472.
Hoa :819. Dip Bot reg. 551
2774VEI.LE'IA.
lyrta tt. Br.Sm. lyrate
Sp.
4^25.
Scvoi.A. B-Doi O.iodenoitcr.
473. SCjE'VOLA. R.Br Purslane-vd.
Indies 1805.
1724. Lp
s Piu.'c.H?:'
La.no.hol.U.19
2775
Lobelia H. f.K. Br. thick-leaved
3 au.o W
W W.
N. Holl.
D
s.p
Bot.
2776
crassiflia
l,my.s
P.V
N.S.W.
1790.
small-fruitcd
D
s
p
Bot. 8;287
rep. 22
27"7
nlicrocrpa
//.
Br.
S773 suavolens tt. Br. sweet-scented
2761

465 Phytruma. ^, was the name of a plant much used among the ancients forâphr ' 31u,
poses.
No
qualities
of
such
a
kind
have
ascribed
the modem
plant arc
Thisedible,
is a nanus"
with Hoella is well adapted for rock-workbeen
or pots.
Thetoroots
of P. spicatum
ana *. Swiuer.
land466.likeTrachtUum.
those of theFrom
rampion.
.
_ I1(ee
t;*, rough, which U leaf is in a high, degree.
A. pretty
unie favorite
u. of the
flower
cultivated
preserved.
,
TrHe Mtrol\
467. border,
ttoclta. easily
Named
after G.andRuelle,
professor of anatomy at Amsterdam.
procurco this plant fo
Cliftbrt
A pretty little
leafy bush,
of blue
white.
niBhno of Carlisle,
Goclciia.
So named
Sir with
J. Eor beautiful
Smith,shrubs,
inflowers
honor
his and
friend
Dr. Goodenough
and468.a lover
ol natural
historv.by Herbs
small
withofalternate
leaves,
and terminal or a* aowers,
which
are
generally
yellow,
sometimes
blue.
,
,
_
,..i
409. Eulhala. from iv, well, and
to push or sprout Very like ttw lastin aj esternal cicharacters.
ai
.1
PENTANDHIA M0N0GYN1A.
169
loothed SS,S?Si|E ,1 ' *-|
>ll lanceolate
! L FlMn h"ds-
^fe^"^1-
"' -'.. nSSiSf"1
">Ertrtnmth, Lavesovate
acute toothed
Erectpubescent,
Brioche* angular,
Lowercrrated.
leave* lj
OlAmil berbaceouiplantwith large entire radical leave*
:Lamlanceolateentireor toothed fleahy smooth, Cor. hairy outside
tea*ffllltobranching,leafy,
Raceme*
axillary
terminal: caullnc lanceolate
wiitemroundedbranched
Radical
leave*andspatulate
taooth, Bractetofthe dichotomie* distinct. Leave* lyrate or toothed-cut at 1
55
boratermooth
entireLeave* fle*hy otiovate toothed
r*4*atermia4lut
axillary,
alternateohovate
ohovatetoothed
Fruit veryK(joodcnia
null cakndulacca.)
SLtavMcMirt
thickrough,smooth.
Drupe berried
Class V.
170
Sp. 11. wood*.
Caprifolicea* Engl.ind
Eng.
t474.
CAPRIFCKXIUM.
I'f"f
P.Y
Schm.bol
arb.7!I 106
2779italicum
S.S. white-Italian
_|
S. Lurope ...
101015 my.jn
my.jn
rubrum
red.Italian
Italy
my.jn
Bot.
reg.
138781
2780
A S. _ imall-flowered
"""n
-J_J
176.
6 jnjl Pu N.
Bot
mag.
8781 etrmcum
diolcum AS.
N. Amer.
Amer. 1656.
S
*-t__|or
, 1515 my.au
Bot.
mag.
1753
2782S sempervlrens
A
S.
trump
Carolina
1656.
my.au SR N. Amer. 30.
H. mn.lin.10.t8
mntu . S.
.- or 2010 jn.au
Bot
mag.
1318
2783
grtum
evergreen
Carolina
1810.
Y
my.jn
Hook.
ex.
fl. 27
784
flvum M.
bright-yellow
al Bot mag. 6*0
1822.
208 jn..
my.jn YU.T Canada
2785
pubescen.
Hook.
hairy.ycllow
Minorca
1772.
Eng.
bot
800
2786implxum AS. Minorca
Britain
hedg.
Y
2020 my.jl
arb. 1 108
Schm.
2787a Periclymenum
Woodbine
my.jl Y.R
Ho. an.lin.5.t6
terotinum A S. late-red
Y.Y.R
i s 2020 my.jl
yblgicum
J>utm
myjl
% que.cifilium
Oak-leaved
China" 1806. .1 Bot reg. 70
jl.e
2788 japnicum A. S. Japancae
.1 China 1806. .1 Bot reg. /12
2789 flexubsum Ker. flexuosc
Sp. 819.wood. Eng. bot 916
8 Caprifolicea!.
jnjl Y England
475. LONI'CERA. A S. FlyLonicera.
hrtt20PIii
Magn. arb.
2790
46 my
W
Pyrcnee
1/39.
apmy
Y
SwiticrL
9. al Schm.
2791 Xylosteum
pyrenica W.W. Pyrenean
Bot
mag.
red-berried
2792
alpgena W.W.
4a mr
mr.ap YPa.Y Swiuerl.
629. Schm. arb. 1965
110
blue-berried
2793 crlea
Switzerl 1SS7.
Bot reg. 31
black
2794
nigra
h.
10
apmy
Pk
guBia
1
Tartarian
2795 tatrica L.
10
ap
my
R
Russia
17.
J
red
rubra Pih.
4 amy
Amer. 1824.
ciliated
2796 cilita
mj.my W.
W.R N.
KAmer.
824.
white-berried
alba
6 ap my O Iberia 1824.
Iberian
2797 ibrica Brb.
Caprifolicea!.
Sp.
S.
arb, t ili
476. SYMPHO-RIA Ph. St. Petbr' Wobt.
ail
N. Amer.
Amer. 1817.
730. >1.1 Schm.
Bot mag.
2798
Ph. Snow-berry
common
4 it,
il Pk
Pk
N.
al
Bot
mag.
2469
2799 glomerta
racemoea PA.
R
N.
Amer.
1815.
Sk or Caprifoliacece. Sp. 1.
280 punlcea Sim*.
crimson
al
Bot
mag.
1796
DlERYILLA.
477.
DIERVII/LA.
J.
3
jn
jl
Y
N.Amer.
1(39.
yellow-flowered * or Caprifolicea-. Sp. 232801 hmilii P. S.
D
p.1
Schk.ha.1.
141
Fevbbwobt.
+478.
TRIOSTEUM.
If.
2
jnjl
D.R
N.
Amer.
1730.
Dpi Plaal.tl04.f.2
perfoliate
* m
280-2
2803 perfolitiim
angustifoliuniW.W. narrow-leaved cu ES
S r.m
mag. 1303
COEEBB-TRER. D clt
479. COFFE'A. If.
Arabian
Lp Bot
Jac. amer.
t47
2804 arbica
If. If. western
or
52805
occidental'!.
Hittory, Ule, Propagation, Culture,

uk0 , gm
_474. aprjf^
A .^L".',.%^52^
T&'iXm 'i"^
Chvrefeuille,
Vr., Geisblatt
or Baumlie, Ger., and Copi %rdcn, shrubbe^,
and am.*
length,
and
both
in M
th. ESSTf1
"'""ate
thu*2
inconvenience,
the form
cutting,
double tnc Com.
utubular
.ternsInsert
above
ti cut
eend,
iS,St'
JvV
o*1""
~ make
- 4
monly,
however,
such
,e,v,l
"l0
,boveF.
"""
of aofsemicircle.
475.another
ionice,1
Tn
X
. iV
end;
""*'ho
botl1'
but
v>-*ill'
andhl
in lhe1586.' e"d
wa.
Ixiiiicer
Xhn
whn
ilT
P",
w
boni
1.728,
died
l'hre
Lonicer.,, comprSing the .neiC,Tw h c'"n,m"','iariM ^n 1>"". A section of what was formerly called
476* ^^5 cutting, ' Upr,ght
"Cilher di,nbln nor P'" pU"U- A
which
mi?lft iSSSt!'j!SSi"tSTJSm
ft", to.hrubs)
bear, and
fruit ; a plant
"|
""er 1,1 |. A .mall lhmi
genu,?4of low branching
fornieriy constituting
part
Tournefort, who naS"e,fL.fh '"TgKV' '"veiled In Acadia, whence he M-nt this plant to his friend
4,8. . From "., .hiL ^,J'm,>' ',,w hrub, with yeUow flower. apiK-aring In the .pring.
root,
thi. gem,,
,nd ol\ ofthe ^."^"l^v'^
"" (fWa /r*cl!**.
i. 'oofC!*Fra
An alteration
aVS" "id'-r.minatelybon".
in N. "
America for'Ipecacuana.
TBS, Per. tiAei, iurx^Vii * h'Ch " tlK *** f0r ll4UOr fCOflte 1 'hC e'"
Ounl.
171
~ tower with
stalks
onlyatconn.
gibbous
base
1*Perfoliate,
I4ibe ofcot.Cor.ventricose
above
Flown
horiHl
terminal,
Leave*
evergreen
obovate
glaucous
beneath,
UW^P^JJ***.
--1-
Flow!
whiirlfw)
i
t_-<
.
Whorl*in
heads
tor.
rident,
Segra
obL
out
Lvs.
deciduous
ovate
glaucous
beneath,
Upper
perfoliate
*5 Flowerscapitale
Whorl,terminal terminal.
capitate glandular,
Leaves pubescent
the upper connate perfoliate
Leaves deciduous
evergreen
all distinct
.'8i" Flotencapitate
terminal, Leaves
all
distinct
74 Floweninpain terminal sessile. Leaves evergreen all distinct
17 Fkmisessile with distinct berries, Leaves ovate entire smooth, Stem wavy
Femme,-floweredlonger
than
flowers,
Leave*smooth
entire ovate-elliptical
pubescent
!i'l Pedum,
iflowered,
Leaves
obovate
lanceolate
glaucous beneath
M
Berriesuniled,
Leaves
oval-lanceolate
M Berna rtobtwe united, Styles undivided
!7:4 Ifoam . cordateobtuse
rfliptkaientire
96Lestes ovate and cordate ciliated, Cor. with an evident spur
CTWime. S-aoweredshorter than flowers. Berries twin, Leaves cordate roundish tomento
Flowers
axillary capitate
clusteredinside
levelcordate
FUirraeterminal,
bearded
ovate,(or.Berries
distinct, Pedunc. axillary 2-flowered shorter than leaf
MToe onlyspecies. lUcemes terminal, Leaves serrated
mjf"*?.OTl1
Leaves abruptly
narrowed
at base,Axillae
Axilla;1-flowered
l-many-owered
Sem
hispid, "cualnate.
Leaves ovaUanccolate
somewhat
connate,
*WLaves oblong ovateacuminate, Peduncles axillary aggregate, Cor. Jwcleft
wave! oolonglanceolate acuminate. Paniclefew.ftowcrcd triffd terminal, Cor. deleft
nfcw/eri.
brown barV,
and opposite,
oblong,
wavy,durtum
shining,;
,
of
grateful
odor,introduced
hutami
of the
hrt
wack
when
ripe.
A
decoction
thisItberry
forms
well
known
""been
Ethiopia and
from proceeded
tunewhite,
immmorial.
was
into Arabia
'' turur,^7LWi -ra,,wl*
>f thedrankUhin century,
by ofMecca,
Miilm.i.
Grand
t aim,
i
tl,iif
imm
lr>-twoa"droffec-houwe
proceeded were openetl in 1. It is thought ta
"**
*0
^^^ntinnple,
where
*^1\.
.,***
aftcr
5:
it
was
known
at
Marseilles
in
KM,
and
Thevenot,
a
Vrench
Ifast- Kbm'lZEH*?*
mSZ1a Jn l,7'
SF* Till
Tl"i 169J*
wu
dr"nk
byatsuel
Mlch
sais :hitwas
wasdrank
knownby
N , as had been accustomed to it
1691,
54ateesiMil
***
'"theenturv
fite-house
by onebyPascal,
nr."'""'^l"
*
"
*** the
century
a coflec-house
was opened
at PParis,
'"^
rh7r7
.
mV
10
,don,
hi-re
coHee
been
prcvioi^lv
. Daniel
*"
iwrrUrT'?!
to
lolon,here
corlee
had
previously
introduced
S^^saskLrf
"ought home
servant,
Pe^ma
un
,^3saataL
^''1
with set
aa Greek
KorVee.
understood
the
?*
> las
dSn^.^-^T'
fevwds
sethimup
coflee-ahed,
whichPasqua
he wa*
wasRolfec.
enabledwho
in time
timi
uie^Wt.
*T,>nd
ar,"wa*
upa
eoftee-shed,
which
he
in
to
toa
^-.V?
cfof^SL M'chael
^tbenmiSr'?
Michael s,, Cornhill,
Comhilf, In I6B8
1688 Hay
Ray affirms that Ixmdon might rivalturn(..rand
**^ttws^miV!?co**-boa<es.
W*^1*-7^'fonuced
to Europe through the Dutch,
who procured some berric* at Mocha to
at
Btrt7'llnT?duc*d
Dutch. wb
,b*h be,nR
being
done
- Governor
**EEmL
heproduced
year lt?.4).
Wilsen presented a plant to the botanic
I*
* 0 sanW^Jv"
11"F*doT1('
fruitin'*niE-
S5"lSt3wB! ha,c 5 many
CoAyoung
plants.
ncn.ar.1PromcttKlnUd
the lniiic>
Dutchamiin
these tin1byr-ist
l>mncitlanil.
and and
the toUa.mtiu.
Itlhe<planta
c\1 are
I-'"'"
i?Slo5" "hbounin
Jamacain.",
nr earlier,
ranetl>
!5^Sriai3Bl,i.*to
". and
Vlantatinns
are made
childly
on Iron,andAvetheto ikiru
of
"^tttar^^tr^w-wheretheioil
hadcil.
an- theplanted
f<fc|nTJEST*"
of ,lH' ailmoutMtu.dn.o
'I'lii v The
i.p.buin^
e Iroit
lu vt \i ..r alt. ten feet
-tntflg ;
'"Uica, and the llavor in
Clair V.
PENTANDR1A MONOGYNIA.
172
SPiamIica 172a P.l Hook.ex.fl.93
48a CHIOCOC'CA.
Snow-berry. a r 6 f
& W. cluster-flower'd*
1.
Rubiace.
481. SERIS'SA. F.
Serissa.
1787. L r.m Bot mag. 361
2 my.s W Sp.Japan
Japan 1787. L m
my.s
flore-pleno
doubU-fiovxrcd n. i_J
Rubiace.
r.m Thun. G. t 2. M
482. CAN TH1UM. Pert. Canthium.
4hina
S jLs
2808
Hor
. Indies 1804.
1777- r.m Itoxb. cor. 1 136
S8U9 chnense
dumetrumP-r**. ipiny
thicket
" L -, 3 jl.e
Sa. 8100.
Lp Lam. . 1 161
483. PSYCHOTltlA. W. Indian
Psvchotria.- D or 4 Rubiace.
... W W.
W. Indies
Indies 1806.
17. r.m
,,0
asitica
W.
4
...
Citron-leaved
<
Lp
\V.
Indies
1802.
'2811
citriflia
W.
J
my.au
W
parasitic
O
cu
W.Y W. Indies 1791 Lp Jac.amer.t46
2812
parastica
W.
7
.
"
cross-branched
*
or
2813
brachita
W.
Jamaica
1793.
herbaceous * oror 6"i ap.jn
62814
herbcea W.W.
Jamaica 181
"... Y.u.
.pubescent
2815
pubscens
-3 my.jn
W Bahamas 1823. il Jac.sch.3_t 280
wavy
**
2816
undta
Jaca.
elliptical
oror 3 my.jn G Braas 1821. Lp Bot reg. 607
2817 elllptica R.
Rubiace.S
Hamelua.
484. HAMEI/LIA. W. spreading
oror 105 jl.au
1. p.1 ^^.
28i8nteiiB
W. P. b. round-fruited **
jl.au MM
2819 sptia-rocrpa
Indies 1778. p.l Jacq-ic. t335
\^ \V.
large-flowered * or 88 s.n
28J0
ventridSsa
Sua.
Jamaica
o.d
"'
2821 chrventha Sim. yellow
13. 1822. p.1 AubLgui.t51
485.
Posoqurria. * _
W Sp.Guiana
2822POSOQUE'IUA.
longitlra Aub. Aub.long-flowered
or
Sjj
2.
Rubiace.
p.l Lam. ill. 1 159
48a VANGUIE'KA. W. Variera.
15 ... G 'india 1809.
5i823dulis
eatable
H
1816. p.1
2824 spinsaIV.Hort.
prickly
LJ -
4 Jn.jl G Sp.Mailagas.
124L 1804.
487. GARDE'NIA. P.S. Gardenia. Jo 1 Rubiace.
China
mr jn Vi
54 Lp
Bot
reg.picLt.15
449
rooting
2825 radlcans T.
...........
p.Y
China
St
L?
Ehret
CZJo i jLo
Cai>c
J;
2826flore
floridapleno
W.
P
Y
China
,
...
1773.
Lp
BoLmag
MW
jl.o
double
G. H
i_Jo ja.mr
2827 Thunbrgia IV. starry
in.ac.B..M"broad-leaved
2828
latit'lia
W.
Lp
Roih.cor.2.4
* or
2829 Rothmnnia IF. spotted-flower.
W E.W.Indi
marsh
Indies 1802.
1813, t.mTh.g.n.8.lUl
2830
uliginosa
W.
armed
*
oror 4. w
2H31
annU
Stv.
China
1806.
w
r.m Bot. mag. 190
small-flowered
China
Tjn
2832
micrntha
/.
n
crimson-tipped
*
or
2833
am'na
. M. ^"1, 1 R %
1803.
w S.E. Amcr.
at*
nexanara
r.m
cie
lndie*
18b.
2834
hexndra
r.m BoL cab.. 51*
235
*, bell-flowered
2836 campanulta
anguatiflia Lodd.
narrow-leaved
Gbkip-trbe. t O tm 30 Rubiace.
488.
GENI'PA. P.i*. S.S. American
Amer. 1T79. Lp FLic.127.Ll36
... P 'p.'s.25.
2837
fr 10 ... W Cayenne 1800. Lp
2838 americana
Meriana; P. S. hairy
*8' 1789. p.1 Lind, coll 13
Oxyanthus. r
489. -OXYANTHUS.
specisus H X. Dectubc-flowcred
2S10
contequence
be' *"*'<** "1"
Propagation,
Culture, diraatu, obtained at the expend'
.
In ifourgreaterMonisixbulk
thewceki
cofIbi!h.e^!J5hl!r
M,d morc
othcrwiic
kept
it iZ*. J4
. "l*?1
"powers.
the *7
hichhumid
mint
be own root
after being
g'au
in
moin
heat:
l~3L5Lff!
Cutting,
of ripened
sandgathered
underfruita:
abundantly.
""nspianted, and fumuhcj with plenty ofwater
and pot wood
room, theyinBower
and
481. Seriua. A name
ofTiSZlZZZ'
". berry).
are of The
a bright
'"tojd.egn.ents
of corolla
" S id m""ng
of whichIt.isberries
not known.
genu,whiteness.
is remarkable for
480. Chiococea, Snowberrv
(
* "'jîg
ttK^ SP'hy "Sid plant, with nmdl opposite !
"etica
; , ToV^"..^
VjL?''"''0"aPnt
f 0,0"ame
"
the species,
S,?L".mber
' IwnVssZ'sSn
for anmedicinal
herl) lovingeffects
shadaof one
Theofgenus
consist, V.of
*M L?'r"Vaf - ""S3a i? narasiS""8 Wh'!e. S"" *** of them are very beautiful on ac.
484. ofHamclua.
tSVei.Cî
?' is15 [mrasitical
Ir""l
"fon
trees inMonceau,born
the West lndiei
their roliage :|,onr5
one species,
P. parasitica,
trera
thenwe^
n00 died
diii
me
celebrated
Henry
Louis Du
Du upon
Hamel
inshrubs
1700,
""" Du
of thein W
\VW
.
honor ofoton the
celebrated
Henry
Louis
Hamel
Du M"?""-c
author
of numerousIn works
vegetable
physiology.
The genus
consists
otof handsome
nanosou ,brubs
whiK
Indies,
with tubular The
yellowGalibis
or orange-colored
flowers.call this plant ngmara-ixwxpun.. Ar. 0 shrub,
.hnih. with wn
485. Ponqaeria.
in French Guiana
flowers more than a foot long, and an eatable yellow berry as big as a hen s egg.
OunL
Leaorateacuminate, Racemei subdivided axillary 1-iided nodding

learnopposite orate lanceolate. Stipule* pin, Flowers axillary sessile
Spin;,
Flowers > hairy
Spay, Lean*matewedge-shaped
obtuse. Spala leafy, Bornes crowned
Si:[mlnenurgtoate,
Leave
lanceolate
ovate
) ; .' itenwciaro.ns
otjtepersistent,retuse,
Iaveleaves
elliptical
subcoriaccoua,
Berries ribbedftalked as long
515SLpul
ovateacuminate
acuminate
UNipul
o*ate
oblong
bifid,
Raceme
terminal
compound,succulent
Flowersvcinlcas,
clusteredCyraea
sessile
liStein
herbaceouscreeping,
leaves
cordate
stalked
5Stipule*toothc,
Leave*
lanceniat
ovate
acuminatepubescent,
Panicles
cymoae
spreading
516Stipules
crninateentiredeciduous,
acuminate
2)1"
Lestesellipt.
narrutted eacb way, I<eaves
Paniclesoblong
term, ribbed
erect laxwavybrachiate
shorter than the leave*
2fti8 Racemeterminal mln' 1 ^3^^ W. $ together villous pubeacent
|,1., ^
s,i T
"fingvertical
E!-W4 , hram
SUl>ul"te ""bte
ES*""." iSte^ME th;'n * SSTKniSS! dusteral
"UV MtDft Fruit rounded lut

e.ummi,,
* "^ long.,,,.. ,
225
17S
Class V.
174
lond. 93
4S).
RAN'DIA.P.L.SI long.ttowered
Randia. or . ^ VlU 179. Lp Par.
Br. ja.l43.l8.f.l
2840
2841 longlflora
latiflia P. S.
round-leaved Oor
t91.
MiI<Dl. i_lor
Y*" 'Tn'm. I* C ^ Bot. mag. 2099
2842MUSS^N'DA.
pubscens . A' W. pubescent
492. PINCKNE-YA. Mi. PlNclNBV I _l<" KWf' Sp- ''Georgia 1783. L Pl Mich. amer.tlS
2843 pbens Mi.
downy
493. Kill THAI.IS. W. .
p.1 Br. jam. t 17..
ihrubby
ta
2844 fruticosa W.
Rh. mal. 2. 1-
Wllll'.HA.
v^V'lndie.1759.
484.
I or
2845WEBERA.
corymbosa W.W. corymbose
a or ^ **' w E. Indie* loi1cymose
2846 cymsa .
Plocama. l_Jor
4U5. PLCVCAMA. W. pendulous
otarie, ma IP
2847 pndula H'.
l.p Rhe. mal. 1. t52
MORINOA. or Ruiacc<e W
t(9& MOKIN'DA. W. umbclled
miimMIlu w.
Jac. vind. 1. tlo
L_Jor
or 10 l o W tassa g
broad-leaved
2849 citriflia W.
Laurcl-leaved
2850 Rjoc W.
Rubiceas.
Sp.
497. CEPHAE'LIS. W tallCephablk. or 15 ... Pu S. Leone 93.

lond. 99
J; Par.
2831
.t.i W. P. /.. long.peduncled or 2 f
W
Lind.coll.21
Bru" 18162852 clpedunculate
4
apmy
W
calycine
{
or
2853
calycina
Uw.
Rubiacae.
Sp.
Hor.traiis.5.tl8
4982854SARCOCE-PHALUS
AJx. GmNtA-PiiACH.
esculntus Jfz. common
s t_| 15 ... Pk 1-3. Leone 1823. p.l
Aub.gui.lt98
499.
HIRTEL'LA.
W.
HmTKLLA.
Lp
T
^'"w.'
Indies
1782.
S855 americana W.
American I CJ AarantiacecB. Sp. L
1798.
r.m
Bot rep. 143
500.
Tripbasia. i_l ir 2 jnjl W China
2856TRIPHA'SIA.
Aurantlola 1.iour.threeleaved
Limnia trifolita W.
r.m -'--50,,,
Vins.
501.
VITIS.
P.W.S.
30Finiferx.
njl GSp. 924.
Various
common
2857
vinlfera
Indian Grape II rror 2010 ...... GG
2858
Indica
W.
downv-leaved
_l " 10
2859 bf'unil
Labrusca
G
Bland's
otleW.
Fox-grapeGrape I\ fror 20 ...
2860 vulpina IV.
842
2841
490
n ~l
caries'
Gardon atSoChelseaV
' fsror,
I"*"c LV, Propagation,
F R S> wh Culture,
Published the first caUlogue of the Apothe.
are
all
ofigular
^'
Sn!lSn
!!
P1! ofthis
genus.ogmcnt
.Jl. ofZf,f.the1 76.
Thespreies
either hite or purple, and very remarkablt
||!
calyx,
which is
now
for^mrer^"iê%rause1,bnf'lX'
aft"
"ome
American
gentleman
of
the
name
of
Pinckncy,
turned nutagainst a south wall anH ?f Sfc " M.u."nda. It thrives best, according to Sweet, who
whenis
signifying
augmentation
aid
SU?
*
pUnt
for
the
verdure
of
its
foliage
;
asi,
a
particle
. 493. Erithali,. A name1 given
bv""U
" matIt '"fosly
weather.to a pretty genus of South American
plants.
'"**.
to be green.
is now applied
lp8,'andothCTwoiksl"fmeritG'r?r?.r,i^'?e!''
*
G,!rmn
botanist,
publishedupon
Floramuscology.
Gottingcnsi,Smallin
Plants with bunches ofwhite dowers e"y k"Own for the attentionwho
he bestowed
bush
"Mount
pendulous
twisted
A little
tXwilh"K'abitm,crm?k!rf ),?'."!!
Galium. h*J.'
Theonflowers
areofveryits small,
and not
muchbranches.
longer than
th.
The barker the ^'',!."?]1;? "'l'bcrry! so named by Vaillant, from the shape and color ofits fruit.
Ur"!
colored,From
iiivohlS'to
of, thetonow
l,cin8
unitedrarein inhead.,
remarkable
for Ihe
, 497.
Cepnarli,
. > ln L
Ihey"CCOUIIt
thcareenveloped.
^ Indies
dye
yellow.
highoften
tempcMure!
"'"""crum
"M'"
Species
arevery
collections
; and require
*et"iff?ud
Md, in allusion to the large fleshy fruit of the
maa,
containing manv
nut?<3i
color,and
of a solid
fleshy
^/Ut
" ".m "t
yetrStedXL4 0t f 1 10du"tauniform
IKt
plantcon.i.tW
now common
in garden.
!"f
*
''VûSujuVî^
?"
<*
M
covered
with
fine
hair.
Some
of
these
are
purple, are rarefy ,ee ,iKSiSS? th.c"l!,!l," upon other plants. Flowers, which are generally blue1or
lountry. Cutuugs root In sand under a hand-glass.
OkDDl.
Lora
mete branche*
stalked, Spin
Flower*
in terminal
umbelledCor.cymei
Sil
Spina oUie
terminalcurved,
in pair,
Leave*
ovate roundish,
hypocraterifb.-m
3Bruchesutd leave* pubescent, Tube ofcorolla much longer than calyx
M AUrge iree with downy long leaves dividing but little into branche*
Iuraobovatc, Cymes compound italked terminal
Wo Leite* orate
oblongacute,
Corymb
*LiirM
acuminate,
Cyme*terminal
maiiy-flowcred axillary (talked
SHT mallihrubwith theappearance Galium
fttt Erect,
Lcaveiacuminate
lanceolate ovate, Flower*
clustered
jw
Lwworate
on bothimooth
aide*, Flower*
) Abag
trailing plant withimooth
ovate entire
leave* solitary
Hem ;-.<. terminal, Peduncle* elongated, Involucre 2-lcaved, Leave*
-
Lmeicotucou
lanceolate toimooth,
on veryLeave*
long stalks
not in an inrolucrum
long a*Head*
the fiowert,
lanceolate orav
es*The only mtcjM
Leave* oblong, a
056barn Heaved
M .,,,.,,,. , , t .
'.*" and .?'
^ "'""'b downy citar white

1 wilh We-polt.td divUo
almost asandnumerous
as the.J
"se
M the v"e
Wh
or tia part of that ..wh.ch.t.splaeed.
"al an8od during JOlj
ill
readily
be
conceived
* an austere taste. *'"t'l' J he var'ies most in
(rape of France, from rh~
"ernel* i* often negi.
negiected.
e thing i,
Cuss V.
176
Jac
417
B-P
N. Amer. lWi s.p Bol sehten.
mag. 2429
2811
cordifSllaPA.Ph.
Winter-grape
N.N. Amer.
1806.
oaAPrinria
sweet-scented
s.p Schm. icSl Li
Amer.
1806.
ggS;
Ph. Bull.gn.oc
1S48. LP
gnUdnltn
Parslcy-Icaved
Leone 1822. s.p
SSV!W.
S.erra-Leone .
SO AMPELOP-SIS. Mc*. . or 20 apTny P.G N. Amer. IMS. Act. bon. S, L 24
15 cordata Aflrt.
hearUeavcd or 15 il au P.G N. Amer. 1;00.
Amer. M* Corn. . 1 100
2868 bitumt
quinquefliaMick.
Mic*. 5K?-TS_4
Virgin-creeper A oror SO60 jiijl P G N.
81 SSE
2869 hirsuta Dornt.
hairy
_L
Hhamni. Sp 2470.
vind
Bl'CK-THOHN.
Bahamas 1762.
J.L Jac
.503. HHAM'NUS. W. Bahama
Brow.
jam.3Lt.t.632950
red wd-
**
** inau GG Jamaica
175a
42870
colubrtna
L.
PalL
ross.
ovaUeaved
r
Siberia
1823.
L
1 2872
2871 elliptic*
H. K.Pail. Red-wood * or b jl.au Y.0
L Eng. bot 1S29
erythroxylon
GG England 1823.
* f 6
hed. LL
2873 longiflia
Ces/. long-leaved
Il
S-Spain
Europe 1SS3.
Ard.me.7S.
purging
. *~ g my.jn
2874
cathrtica
catnrtica
w,
.
^'
.
G
jn.jl
Cav. it 2. L 182
1752.
2875infectna
E*!S S , I o i.d G Spain 1752. LL
ioxthorn-like
2876
lvcioii.es
W.
G
jn.jl
4
Olive-leaved
1778. L pi
2877
o'leoldes
W.
ii 1 or my-jn CiG Tenerife
Tenerifife
2878
crcnulta
Europe
1752. pi Jac. aurt.l.L5S
rock
8879
eaxtilis
7.
China
G
my.jn
*l_Jor
3
pi
Tea
2880 Thcaiw IT.
H. 1816
G C. G.Amer.
equare-branch. *l_J
pi HmU.bb.Lt40
2881
1812.
ororor 1263 my.jn GG N.
28 tetragna
lanceolU W.
. -leaved
Swiuerl.
1752.
colli til
Camiola 1752. L-L Jac.
Alpine
2883
alpina
IV.
G
bot 25011
tt
or
1
itI
dwarf
Britain
woodb.
S
2884pumila
W. *.
m or 12 ap.my w Alores 1778. L 00 Eng.
Dendbrit
Iwrry-bearing
2885
Frngula
jl
Vent
maim. 34
Aat i 1 oror 154 jn-jl
"
broad-leaved
Canaries
1785.
p.
2886Utiflia
W.
W
.Africa
G. H. 1778.
S pp_l L'Her. sert 1 9
2887 glandulsa tV. Madeira
au.a
,
*i_)or
15
Winter-ber.-lv
W.a
177o.
2888 prinotlcs
oror 134 my N. Amer. 1778. L L'Her. rerttj
wiry
2889
nyetaclna W.
Alder-leaved
G S. Europe 162!.. LL Dub. arb. 3. 1 14
alniflia
W.S.
or 12 my.jn
hybrid
2891
hbrida
oror 4030 apjn
G S. Europe 1629. L
2892 Alatrnua W. en. bd.-Ivd.-Alater
ap.jn
nanow-leaved
2893 Clusii W.
(Enoplia. -l_Jor 8 Rhamni.< *' China 1804. Ip Osb.itt7
50*. NOP'UA, Me*. lined
1 """
2894 Ueta
twining
or " injl I Carolina 1714. S s.p Jac ic 2 1 !
volbilUIf-W
moiig granitic
"i' * in thi"
., iduccthcn
old ,d and
the calcareou?<Ûl,*l""
berry Vn buS, ' '""
'b
littlerro|,
manure,
and when and
the
^tagooddcr<hoyfHrttol~5I
,h? LC,,I^,
,n'rary,
the most
fhcre are three methods of onmlS ?imaî,"
h 57 ''1
enured
ithluxuriant
the .trongrrt
of large
animalbunen
manurea
4>read o, i ,e fa SSJ 5^*ftta bot-houle. ; the fruit tree method, in which the plant
hichall
the wood
.bore , (rom
, ?
" the ;|D"K
* met',oJ'
hich
produce.!
w^Sk.V
i'1nnnally
,0 rruit
*'
the puring-in
metho.1,
woo, . theThefruit
,.ullst
n,^' vouni
th,hl"00<,
8
from orthe.took
<ide. ofanda main
.hoot or hooU
of oldin
f
hich
courSfit'?,
TS^nS"
fXy
"aVor
of
bTtal
U
cultivated
much
in
North
Raraener,
and have beentainted
t ,withta'fr,,h'
,' * unproved
varielic.
haveboon
raisedtheby CXwego
the American
even
nVta.',h7,rc
""Pc
of
lhc
Bh.
lobelia,
Tokay,
4 Am
|" "be procured. U't0 Pwlulr to the 4>cciea, and can be in no Mtimation when
!t'S ; * 3 m'i for coveringrcemblance.
resemblesof the
vine Inrender.
habit,
old walla, forThe
whichgenus
the rapidity
iu growth
5.',SiSInj.
ram, .ignifying
.it'^J^tte'rml
of tta
the Latin. From
rauu,theandCeltic
the French
rami, or branching.
in old FrenchFrom
re.thta; for which
rcasu.
OlDU E.
_,**.
BS1
le*mrenhteacuminate
nearly
equally
toothed
smooth
on both
sides,
looaely many- IT7
SE
[ares
onequallrcut
toothed
shortly
tnfid,
Staid
nerves
and
etIge
pubescent
SK LestesihimnRon
both
sides
reniiorm
cordHte
equally
toothed.
Flowers
in
many little heads
[..!. quiiute, Ixumrts iii.u -l icit
ttfijShoou tery exsious, Leavescordate angular
Learcordatescute
toothed
SJobcd,
Nerve* Racemes
villous beneath,
Raccmei
bifid
i" Lenapalmate
Loneibipinnatel-leaved
smooth,
Leaflets
cut-lobed,
stalked twin
bifidtwin
SS
sides. Leaflets
oblong
acuminate
Learapalmate 15-leaved
onsmooth
each onsideboth
pubescent,
Leafletsstalked
ovate acuminate
coarsely toothed
iJW*monogynous
hermaphrodite
erect,inCaps.
3-cnccoue, Stalks rusty tomentose
Wl Kloenterminal,
hermaphrodite
axillary
umbels,
fiiSpinn
Leavesirigynous
Linear-lanceolate
serrate
acuteLeaves elliptical acute entire villous beneath
wTjPsstasi,
Leave*
lane,
acute
at
each
end
Minted
with hairs
the axilla?,
4 Spinesterminal, Flowers
rlowers 4-cleft
4-cleft dioecious,
dio?cious, Stems
leavesprocumbent
ovate,
Stematerect,
Berry Flowers
4-seededaxillary cluster*
[^SpiriMterminal,
atf2" terminal, Leaves linear entire obtuse
terminal, Honren
I*aves oblong
entire
8Rnncheispiny,
4-cleft
orhermaphrodite
trifid dioecious. Leaves oblong obtuse evergreen
:?*terminal,
Flowers
4-cleftserrulate.
-/v
Spineterminal,
Leaves
ovate
Branches
Jwi eaiaowe rntirc smooth railc. Branches
squaredivaricating
,
liare*
lanceolate
serrulate
acute
at
each end pubescent
S,'i10*'
tWpiD.aiarious,
Fin Leaves
i- - ovate-lanceolap *i..i0,
Pie,
'renale striated
Class V.
!7
S ce Lam. illus. tSIO
ChR.STVT11UH4.
4 Khamm.
jn.il P.QSp. i
S. uropel596.
\ PALl'BUa Grt. Eurupean

*
289G auctrli* Oa-rt.
Rhamm.
Sp.
438.
1),.1788.1
1731.
S
Zi/.YPinia
Africa 181. p.l
BfA ZI'ZYPHU W. Lote-tree
a uff 4 ' . P.Y
Lp Rum.
Rum. amh.2.t-S7
ainb.k-.t.36
\V
Ceylon
2807
Ltus
If.If.
1759.
Lp
oblique-leaved a or ,5Ci ap.my
P.G
H
Indies
PalLrosa.2. t59
2848
Napca
1640.
Lp
blunt-leaved
fi
all..
P.G
S.
Europe
289
Jujuba
IV.
at,
i
i
tv
common
29( vulgaris W.
1. 112
p.l Meerb.
.APF-TKEE -1_|0 2 ap.s W .O. H. 1722.
5o7. CELASTltUS. IK shining
Plu. aim.ic.t28.f.5
1759.
.LL .1.1 Seh.handb.l.t
50
W
y.irg'"ia
29(11
lcida
W.
17
Virginian 4 or 15 my.jn W N.
Amer. 1779. p.l L'Her.scr.6.1.10
291,2
bullta IK.If.
climbing
4 au. W Canaries
2903
!_Jor
181& p.l BoL mag. 211*
C.C. G.G. H.
2904 scndcns
cassinoldes IV. crenated
64 my.jn
... W
^s.
lor
p.P Bot. mag. 67
four-sided
H. 1752.
89Q5
tetragna
P. & Box-lesrred tujor
Ii_J
I or 2 my.jn W
1742.
W C.C. G.G. H.
2!-0fi
bUxit.lU
If.
Pyrarantha-lvd.
1815.
p.l Bot. mag. XVJ.O
H.
8907 pvraL'utha *V. cymose
3
jl
W
* i1 or fimtpoie. Sp. 2*
cymsa ./.
1735.
Lp Fl.per.34S9
SENACtA.
12
W Bourbon
308. SENA'CIA. Lam. wave-leaved
2909
Laut. angular-leaven
i_! oror 6 o.fi" G Peru 1786. Lp
2910 undulta
octogna Lam.
Sp. 7.Japan 1804. pl Ksempf. it- L 8
t509.
EONYMU&
W. *SptNOLE-TBEE.^ l_|or 6 Rhtimni.
Eng. bot 362
jn.au
Britain bed SS s.l
29U
japnica
IV.
15
iny.jl
B.lpl Schm. arb. L72
European
2912 curnp'a W.
46 my.jl
1763
L
dlvarf
Austria
Bot. mag.
S
pumita
my.jn
1730.
warted
Austria
aro.
Lt 73iS
291.4
verrucosa
W.
106 jn.jl
1756. LL s.1p.l Schm.
broad-leavcd
*^
N.N. Amer.
Schm.
arb.
2914
latiflia
II'jnjl
1683.
L
s
p
purple
Amer.
2915 atropurprea If. evergreen
jn.jl
1806.
L
pl
N. Amer.
291
jn.jl
2917 americana
angustiflia W.PA. narrow-leaved * or 6 Rhamm.
Sp. 820.
Bot. mag, 15
1713
CEANOTHl-a.
2
il
o
W
Amer.
tfc510. CE\N4)'THU& W. New
Jersey Tea** oror 2 njl W N.
1812. S pi. aim. L*' 6
N.
Amer.
2913
americana
W.
intermediate
mv.jl W
2919
intermedia r*A.PA. red-stalked or 2Ujnjl
W Missouri
N.Amer. 1806.
2420
1691. L .
p.l Cav.ic.t+Wf1,
12*6 rnr.ap
lin -Y
eyton
2921 sangunea
microphylla PA, small-leaved
pl.
126-t.&
y
Asiatic
*
l_J
or
1712.
p.l
W
C.
GH1.ph.no.1 h.l.
52922 asttica IV.
African
l_Jor
1803.
N.
Holl. 1818. pl
5292-1
africna
round-headed * I1 or 106 ap.my
p.l Bot reg. 291
Mexico
2924
globulsa
//.
K.
blue
I1
29 azrea Dt'tf.
? Sp. C.G.H.
2.
i-
cen. 165. 182
STAAVIA. . i_J or 2 Rhamni
17 ni
Br.
WendcolLtifJ
511. STA'AVI A. If. rayed
3 my.jn
ap-my W
> C. G. HSiffi
radita
If
clammy
I
1
or
2927 glutinosa If.
History,
Cutture,
.JK'-V"""!*-, ..., is the Greek
name tV,
of a Propagation,
place; The city
of Paliums was situated on the coast of
,S
' M S ^ seed-vessels,
' "liuni" australis
is a borders
handsomelikefreethedowering,
verytheiirirklv
shrub:lioing
it hasfastened
hr..
which
have
brin
of but
a hat,
footstalks
?!!:
""
"ifiuhir
appearance
of
the
fruit,
like
a
head
with
a
broad-briinmed
hat
on,
theof
1|,1|
.t,
, ",is
bynuuiy
penoni
runpoied
beth.it
from iswhich
the
rj^^2f.PUli.Up0S.,h,!
"*1inrub
Jc3u
Christ
a
coni|.sli
;shrubs
thetotruth
of country
which
suiiported
by many
b.
,
i.tlL
r
""'1"
thal
,his
h
ont'
"r
lht'
lnos'
common
in
the
of
Judea
;
and
rum
IbJ 1 s, hL'.' t 'r"
.'*>"'a'">'it as
easilya siieciee
be wrought
into anyalld
ligure,
it maybyaflbrd
a probabihtS"Si?
" of '"-.
|">.
of Hhamnus,
therefore
Linnicus
.
47S',i;nSS*f
'"< GreeksZ- from
its name
thetheEast
Videfcn
.
hriiiri,
Ll,K. si?rui n ',i"1,".;,m,V"ere<1
1:V "' **
'-"lus,a,ofifa,
is leaves,
the true
Loculinofflowers,
Ixitophagi
It isa aspber.ca
pr.cklj
druii Inn
."*.
""Mil.**
blunt,
three.nen'ed
solitarv
and the fruitnucleus
if,?.
*
w.
d
I'1',""'.
*<."
harmless
;
inclosing
a
small,
round,
bony,
two-celled
; flrsl
thÂfrica
e .r? f*?,'5!'!Jor "1'1
sar,i.rolr.
is found
on the eastern
a. wellDr.asShaw
the westerntheextremity
non
;n llrb;?T."ij
Jbtotale
lIt >'
Ganges.
com.
ven- commim
n' ,1 ''1 '? lhC "i"^".
led oeii
with itit,onandthe liquor
drawn from it.found
Mr. Parktrodfound
yer^toVS
;
.
,'lle
k"Wdonis
which
ht,
,|
outrun
farinaceous
*
nie
dS0
i .the si,
1"" ""vrwanls
l"lc- "lepminding
native,, hethemsays,gently
convert
intomortar,
a sort ofuntil
bread,
by ex|>o,ngpart
tb
separated
rroin
inlittle
a then
wooden
thecakes,
farinaceous
dried
in
the
sun
IV!
",,
1
h",
mral
"
t'1
m'""'d
with
a
water,
and
formed
into
which,
wbe
hich still adheres t, , !! '," ' S" ?avor ,bc eeteat gingerbread. A gruel is next made from the mei
extent of sea-coast "i, th., , 1 1.^^,rcck* ""PPose.1 the people who ate thee plant
cr-lotus togrows
1*lie ...,....
readd)
greenhouses, and might I , V .;'4,r,l'a.,'nvlliding the gulphs of Syrtes. Theencd cuttings
1 ni "
planted
under a hand-glass.
fruited if thought desirable. It is propagated by ripened
179
Pricklestipulary twin, one straight one recurved, Leaves o*atecrenulate smooth stalked
M
PnckWtrin,
recurved.Pedunc
Leavescorym.
ovate oblong
obsoletely
eremite
&i* Prickletmuj
Prickle in painoneRound,
recurred,
Fis. hull
digynous,
Leave*
oblique smooth
on both sides
9
Leave*Leaves
rounded
downy
beneath,ov.Peduncles
aggregate
arjrrieiksin
pain, one recurved,
ovateovate
rctuseo! tuie
tootlved
smooth
Leaveovate
Leaveoral acute shining
marterminal
ined smooth, Flowers axillary
K
Panicles
J* il acute,
acuminate
s.end
rr.itei;,
Racemes
terminal,1' loweni
Stem axillary
twining
t'HLateacute
ateach
serrated
evergreen,
S9
Leavemate
serrated,
Branches
square
S6Spine
the largerrounded
leafy, Leaves lanceolate obovatc serrated obtuse, the younger acute
!tyne aiiiUrj-,
naked, Branches
Branches
SSt*Spuesnaked,
angular, acute
Leaves obovatc serrate toothed, Cymesaxillary
Leavelanceolate(talked
wavy at edge,
CymesCaps,
umbelled
terminal. Caps. 2-celled 2-seedod
Leaveelliptical
angular nerveless
evergreen.
l-sccded
t'jl 41
Flocn i 1, :icompressed
, Leaves rounded
ovatetoothed
SI.
Irlowered,
Flower usually tetrandrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate emooth
*[^*CT-!ta""
filiform rounded
rounded.manv.fl.
Leaves ovateovate
acuminate
Branche
wartcdsmooth, Petal) roundish
jjJ"*T.sLkAcompressed
* *'w*lalki filiform
oblongsmooth,
acuminate,
Branches
rnanv-flowered.Lve.Stigmas
square
emulated,
Lve.
obi. acuminate
pubes, beneath
rounded
3-flowercd,
Fl.
pentan.
Lis.
obi.
lanr.
smooth
subsess.
Branche, Leave*subtessile long linear elliptical subfalcate entire, Fruitacuteserr.
warted Branches square
OTateoWon8
acutemucronate
subcordatcserrulate
serrate .Xnorved
with hairs. Corymbs contracted
'i*qY**"
. oblong
iciiminite
.'t-nerved,beneath
Corymbssoftloose
55 TMobnva!serrated pubescent bencalli, Panicles on very short stalks. Branches deep rod
nooth, Leaves
smallaxillary
in bundles oblong entire. Corymbs ofthe branche* lermiiiftl
H r"11""*"*
<ovateacuminate
veiny,veryCymes
Leaves
lanceolatetomentoscbeneath.
obtuse netted withHeads
veins. ofPanicle
terminal
.eaiotxnate
flowersbeneath,
in panicles
waveoblongsomewhat cordate serrate tomcntose
Racemes Compound stalked
*
-, Hacemes com,
P pUnti-d
-p;*
! f"W(u R
'"oiintr
>, of Auguiuf lHh",,

" '"0 " re' h
rcadil,'
aten
- iiitroMed
by
Trctihm
baut;.'a. Ith """
alternate
22
*. nd",no
founded upo,,
(e Ctla..ru. du.
-, however
Jthcr
of the
mCri, culture , ,| .'"'
I,.n uw ((I lne^pecios

rhey.reaa.il,
Wfl0li form
forby
increa.il
<" ; " wuty.
ao.een cinnamon color.-gardens.

The
180
512.
POMADER'RIS.
Lab.
.Pa.Sp.*.
N. HolL 1805.
2928 npUU
.//. .. oval-leaved
.
\
I 7 my.jn
Pa.YY N.
2929
ellptlca
uJo
my.jl
Pa.Y
N. Holl.
/81)6.
930
2931 langera
phylicitolia. M.
Lodd. woolly
Phylica-leaved \\ |J oror .12 ap.jn
ap.jn . Y N. Holl. 1819.
1-3. 1690.
513. MANGI'FERA. W. Mango-treb. I O ir 20 jn.s R.G E.Sutladies
514.
2903SCHRE'BERA.
lbens Retz. Retz.whitish
* or 6 ... G Ceylon 1824.
t515.
BILLARDIE'RA.
Pittosporear. Sp. 4.
294
ecndem
W.
climbing
|_g_\I |jitor 12 jn.au
G N.N. &S. W.
29.J5
mutbilis
.
.
changeable
8
jn.e
Pu
W.L 179a
1795.
29.J6
longiSra
Lab.
blue-Lerried
g_
\
|
or
20
jn.n
V.
Di.
2937 fuaiforniis Lab. spindle-fruited L 1 I 8 jn.au V. Di. L. 1810.
1823.
5ia ELJEODEN'DRUM. W. OuvB-woon.
Rhamni. Sp. Morocco
36. 1711.
$29.38
A'rgam
W.
epiny
15
jl
2939 orientale
... W
'ri
2940
atutrle H.W,K. oriental
thick-lileaved
|1 |I or 123 Jn.*u
W Mauritius
N. a W. 1771.
1796.
517. DIO&MA. . en. DlONMA.
/.
Sp.
936.
opposite-leaved
al
i
|
or
mr.jl W
1752.
W C.C. G.G. H.
H.
294.3
hirsuta W.W, . linear-leaved
hairy-leaved e. i i { or mrjl
mrjl Pk
CG.
G. H.
H. 1800.
1781.
2944 pectinta
Bietmated
apjn
w
L|
I
or
1812.
2945
ericoUles
IV.
eath-leaved
mrjl
W
G.
H.
17;'*
2946
cupreulna
IV.
Cypress-leaved
.
G.
H.
1790.
in
jl
Pk
947
tenuifoia
IV
en.
slender-leaved
ap.jn
W
.
G.
H.
2:H8 succulntn W. en. succulent-Ivd.
$2949 capitata W.
pale-purple I . _ or ap.jn
my.jn W
Pu .C. G.G. H
H.
t5!8.
AIEN'AN'DRA
en. Adkmaxdra.
1
2950unifl6ra
IV.W.en.en. W one-flowered
e. | | or Dimmer.
ap.jl
Pk
C.C. G.G. H.
2951
umbellta
umbel-floweredil
i
|
or
apjl
Pk
H.
2952
frgrane
.
M.
red-flowered
|
J
or
myjl
Pk
G.
mi
2953 alba .
G. H.
H.
2954 margnala Th. white-flowered
margined \\ || oror mr.jl
mr.jl Pi CG.
a taon
519.
BARYOS'MA.
JK 1 Barvosma.
Sp.C.2i
Diotmra?.
295
serrtif.'.lia
W.
saw-leaved
\
|
or
mrjn
Pk
G.
H.
2956 latiflui W.
broad-leaved 4k i I or jl ni W CG. H.
Clam V.
SS
SS
. Lab.
no. h. 1510
l.t.87
s.p
lint. mag.
i.p
Bot
mag.
1823
Bot cab. 1-0
r.m Bot rep. 425
p.l N.ac.h.2.L4l
s.p
inag. 801
s.p Bot
Bot mag.
1313
e.p
Bot
mag.
ip Lab. n. h. 1.1507
1 90
Up
1
pl
p.l
pl
Lp
pl
p.l
p.l
pl
pl
pl
pl
pl
pj
pl
pl
p.l
Com. hr. L.L.8S

Jar.
1. 1 48117
Ventle.malm.
Com. rar. 1. 1 1
Com.
rar.pl.3.1.1138
We.
.
Bot
mag.
3S2
PL aLt279.f.2
We. . pl. 1. 1 1
Bot cao. 860
Bot.
mag.
573
Bot mag.
mag. 1271
Bot
1519
Bot mag. 456
Bot rcp. 33
Ilutory, t/af, Propagation, Culture.

,~,?"** J''rm
aml '^r. kin, on account of the mcml.ranou li.l with which 1
mmlah
w'h
"'
?cw
Ho""""
l,rub''in ",
ofCoaoothu, from which the, ared
"n
yihe" '\"'L Cu"'"t"
root fteely
und tnt'
und*
a hand-glaaa.
' amin^ft
; Tl hell
almoat Eidney-ahaped,
a leathery
crurtaoSma
"
U
" >C"W
"*<"*. *ofth
> line .,,
.,l,lc juiceautatance,
; orne areandfullone.of
ea'are
m
ch'h.
I\
"""V
"
,uUin'
ur
"
ith
hMe
handling
|
hut
thoae
which
few man
or no
st It N i "
11 **
hke'.Wie,
but arcvery
morefinejuicy,
.,,1 toarepreferable
a. hig aahave
large
&'
wholesome
and, except
pineapples,
toa any
fruit illa
ESS
\J5T!Z
te
rrult
in
*
,M
">"'"
I
but
if
no"
in
be
lr.mk
with
it,
the
Mango
uill,
""m
'' over nc"
". "Ich are, however, conducive to health. In
J 1,"amiKl
, I V , ,K: !
u"r,|,e "i0'^
ftu"man)
""
ill pickle
fruit
,l,u'f
varietic.,
chieflya'lllnna,
in the that
figure,there
sixe,arecolor,
and taste
of dis.
the
âSSTSrJS
dV",
in some
Kl-U"". " th contrary,
_._ certainly
jertainly
aseveral
, the nesliy,
numberalmost
of .Urnen
a compound;
the fruit
kidneyjuicek, &r. being double : the ra' em
or asodS
mixSSw t,,f r.m
: "|4'"s
,r.ult m ,hu*"dcountry,
when
arc of a good
ixe.
loam,
get
t ,"'"th
',;, i water,
S','"1'U'
huldthe
beplanto
well drain!,
a. theplint
plant,Sandy
apt beto
C- !?
(reah
aceda'i*
ftom the*!
West Indies
vegeute
Ireclv. The
mayareaKo
Kli.ght '" " h:,rt',ullu''"' are at preen! cultivating this tree with a view to ita fruit
* careoero. Name.1 aller John I hr. Daniel Sehrcber, a German' botanist, chiefly known by an edition of
I.
IM
lora lanceolate
Wtal . UMhhtttd, Petal, and ,

^Sc*' *>'<' PCdUDd", "^*ia, corymbs
a Um
together
,pi,Md
< M-cclhncoa. Parti*,,,
2S56
ti cuttings will
" Young
j name*,
itswith
gland.iLa
- ^mdy
Jell-glaw:
not
= loamit does
rtrong ftt](j
N3
Class V.
TENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Tiiotmete.
p.1
u V Sp...12... H.
cab
KAuThT
recaves, J.; 2 inap.iny
H. 1786.
1774. p.1p.1 Bot.
Vf
We.
pl.101.1 2
1786.
Hin.au V .. G.G. H.
p.1
We.capl.LtS
H.
1774.
35 ap.Jll
p.1
We
co.
pl.l-t.ai
H. 1812.
VW C.C. G.
p.1 Vent. mahn. 93
acuminatum 1. t*. acuminate or 2 ap.jn
G.G. H.
1790.
apjn
p.1
Wcc.p.l.t.13,14
C.
H.
1798.
W C. G. H. 1774. p.1 Bot. cab. 404
or 21 my.au
2963 pubscens rV. en. pubescent
crennted
*li_J
p.1
mag. 1616
2964 crentum \V.
1790.
2 ia.mr
f.. W
W C.C. G.G. H.
p.1 Bot.
Bot. mag.
ItJ
oval-leaved
1
or
H.
1787.
21165
ovtum
If.
3
f.s
*
lI
or
p.1
Bot.
rep. 451
C.
G.
H.
1752.
2966 pulchllum IK. blunt-leaved
2
fmy
R
red
*
t_l
or
pJ
C.
G.
H.
1789,
29ti7
W. Bquarc-branch. M. 1 I or 1 jl.au W
2968 rubrum
tetragnum
h>. 112
521. NAU'CI.EA. W. oriental
or 30 ... Indies 1800. L r.m Rhe. mal.3.t.33
969
orientlis
W.
Sp. 61 1.
Pittosporea*.
L p.l Bot
rep.
22. PITTOSTORUM. PirrospoHUi , I or 10 my Madeira
mag.151168*
2970
corioeum W.. M. thick-leaved
. G. H. 1787.
IS. p.1
G
p.l Bot.
Bot mag.
139b
OTlvWdiflrum
green-nowered s_i ~* t my.jn
China
1804.
mr.au
W
Bot.
reg.
16186
2972
/. .. X. >";
36 r.jn
W.T
N.N. S.S. W.
1789.
2973
undultum
wave-leaved
II
1
I
or
G
s.p
Bot.
reg.
f.ap
Y
W.
1796.
2974 revok'itum . K. downy-leaved L\ [or 6 f.my Y Guinea 1787. G s.p Bot. nut O"
2975 ferrugineuin . . rusty-leaved U or liUltneriacea;. Sp. 2.
Lp L.t.v.W.tl?.f.2
52:).
LASIOPE'TALUM.
Smith. linnnuK
S ap.j| l!r N.Holl. 1810.
IWL s.p Bot! mag. 1766
2976
2977 parvinrum
ferrugineuin LB. '/'R. small-flowered
rusty
ij |I oror 4 ap.jl V N. Holl.
1ft03 c J-P
, Bot mag. 55
524. THOMA'SIA. Gay. Tilojlasu
3 Bttneriacea:.
lip.jl l u JPN. Ho3- - 103.
purple
2978
purpurea
Gay.
*
rill S S cVp Bot mag- 1*5
Snlanum-Uke
2979
solancea
Guy.
oak-leaved
2980 querciflia Guy.
Sp. I. * "> M''7
525.
Gay. Ne,H=d..tJor
2981SERIN'IA.
platyphy'la Gay.
2-14. '.3. Ca. d. 5. 1 148.1.1
BiTTNERIA.
526. BUTTNEHIA. W. rough-leaved
i Blittnerinccte.
U
Pu W.Sp.Indieel..Ca.d.5.tl4. C2
2982
W. W. emal-leaved -- Q
i ... W.pu Sl Amer. 1816.
983
microphylla
Sp.
'
falvacete.
1756.
r.m
Avenu, )f 1 jl.a Pe Jamaica ... r.m MUl.ic.79.tll8
527.
AYE'NIA.
$mall
S984pusilln
W.
Jamaica
smooth
-
2985 ia-Yigta /' & , Calodendri'M.
iZj rV'-aCH. 1789. LP Habits
528.
..
S98.CAI.ODEN'DRUM.
capense W.
Cape
6 r^.*vft' lndT 1790. Lam. L U3S
t5S9.
Toddalia.
267TODDA'LIA.
asitica <. mu. prickly
Scvpolia aclenla Sin.
'ab.w.
w liiw.
^ s.pv Bot. mag. 1767
531).
Bi rsarta. \ |or 10, '"?'''au.d W N.
288BURSA'RIA.
spinosa Cav. Cav. thorny
Sî Indicel7m ,.p Brja.lS8.U0Cl
531.
CEDUE'LA.
W.
BASTARn-cEDAR.
S989 Olorta f.
Barbadoe $ Q tm 50 '". Pk F. Indies 182J. Lp
!W Toona orA.
E Indian
f
S96S
59
,
Vie, Propagation,
Ltttture, as Diosma. This genus resembles
that
a,ufroiTrra'tlJr01"
.
and
^..smell
to be underatood
he name
. ">''t*'
rUl .",".TI"'
Hottailuls
use ;the
puk hella dried
and t&m
powdered,
underan
odor
X tU^'-JT
,nt' i
"h which
theyleaves
anointof A.
themselves
It gives
so r.mk
521 KaJcia A, *laS*
iT' ~ "*??">1<|
""I bear faring
the smelltheir
oftheflower,
men who
drove head,.
his wageon.
Vir.here
'''ul''o^M.lanu
in round
The meaning of
522 P/,,1
t. ne a"d N- Gambir,
is sait!Tl,eto caI*ule
yield the gamboge
gumThcê
of theareshops,
shrubs,
ind|11,,'^;,"1'
a secd"inous.hardy.
root rreelv
in , I imdf, a hi ',' *m,mK *
Hlw
ofJapan, isis nearly
Ripenedhandsome
cuttings
5SS,
lJ,i!!^
","'"'\'*2'
"'-H"'
or
ne
s|K4-iCT
may
be
graded
on
another,
planted in sa'nd under a nndbT T ftcily"^"' *"U*0" ' """'^ """*1 CUUi"e*
lately frorn"bs"opetSum ' b M G"y' **" M' Chmai, an industrious collector of Swiss plants. Divided
Sertngla. Also named byruselul
M. Gay,works.
in honor
M. Seringe,
an ingenious
Swissagrees
botanist,inauthor
Dividedof from
Lasiopctalum,
with which
habit andof
Melanges
de
Botanique,
and
other
useful
v
, professor ofbotany at Gottingen, who published,
ance.
Biithieria. David Sigismund Augustus Btlttner, was
OlDIl I.
PENTANDHIA MONOGYNIA.
183
terminai
neu,Fivcstamenssterile
riuwLTs in tenninal
Heads terminal,
51 Leaves.ts^ncateqjreadinKlaiicriateciliated,
aggregate
ovaldotted
obtusebeneath,
glandularFlowers
ciliatedspreading.
Headsofbranche
terminali
S9tt
ovate
crenate
axillary
solitary
Leaves
opposite imooth ovateentire
revolute
at edge
beneath
rusty with dot*
S$Leave* ovateglandular-crenate
smooth,
Flower*
axillary
in pairs
Leiralcomeredraucronatesmooth
below4ways,
dottedMowersterminal
In two rows,
Segmenta
St Leavesovatecarnateciliated imbricated
solitaryofcalyx smooth
S69Leaves acute, Pedunclesequal. Stamens the length ofcorolla
0
Leave)ohovate
obtuserraooth
coriaceous,
Capsules
2-Talved
Sil
Leave
obovateblunt
shining netted
beneath,
Panicle
globose terminal
ZT Imoval
Leavesobenate
obtusesmoothcoriaceous,
Capsules
3-valved
S7
lanceolate
narrowed
ateach
end
and
stalkssmooth.
Peduncles of the branches terminal
Sjt
Lenet
elliptical
obtuse
pubescent
beneath
revolute
at
theedge
297JLesraellipticalacuminate imooth, Leafstalks rusty with down
S76SeptUrmoothinside
77Sepalshoary
onboth sides
MLsarnlinear
elliptical
Stipules leafy. Petals 5, Stamen*
S3
folk5,i-lobedbeneath
Stamens
10 entire.
SBLeaves
hispid downy, Petals
H Leavesovale lanceolate coarsely toothed
25
hastate at Prickles
base, Raehis
stem and
leafstalks
w Leves lanceolatetoothed
elliptical eutire emarginate,
stipulary,
Branches
wavyangular
smoothprickly
2**
S& Leavescordatesmooth
Leave* ovateentiresmooth. Ovarystalked. Nectary 10cleft rayed
SLeavesovateobtuseentirewith parallelveins, Mowers terminal paniclcd
W Stembranchesandleavesprickly, Leafletsorate lanceolate subserratcd
Stem spiny, Leaves
SCil and cor. naked
UL and cor. fringed
led cutting* planted in and

great patron of botany.
mb- Cul"n8 root rc-adil, i Mn
184
532. HOVENIA. Th.
2991 dulcis Don.
2992 acerba Lindl.
*533. BRUN1A. iv.

2003 nodiflra W.
$2994 palecea W.
$2995 lanuginsa W.
2900 verticillata W.
2007 desta Th.
BRUN1A.
imbricated
C. G. H. 1786. C. p.
W.
W.
W.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
n-u- or
n J or
1 jn.au
1 inau
W.
W.
C. G. H. 1804. C. p.1
C. G. H. 1804. C. p.1
a U or
2 jn.au
W.
C. G. H.
1805. C. p.1
n-U
..., W.
in J or
or 1,
14 my.ji
W.
superb
*U or 4 my
W.
Strawberry-liken. U or 1 myjl W.
C.
G. H.
H.
C. G.
G. G. H.
C. G. H.
1816.
1787.
1791.
1794.
ciliated
n-U or
1 my jl
W.
C. G. H.
1812. C. p.1
heathy
Phylica-like
U or 3 jLau
a u- or 2 jn.au
w
W.
C. G. H. 1804. C. p. Wend.collets?
C. G. H. 1805. C. p.l
BRossia.
scarlet
* D or
wooll
whorled
ItEA.
Virginian
Siberian
Chickweed-like
small-flowered
B.AlsAM.
garden
glandular-leav.
301.8 biflora Ph.
3019 Nolitngere W.
or
Clawtonia.
Virginian
spatula-leaved
spear-leaved
3015 perfolita Donn,

3017 coccinea H. K.
CYRilla.
Carolina
*538. IMPATIENS. W.
3016 Balsamina W.
14-24.
W.
2 jn.au
3 jn.au
3 jn.au
black-tipped
small-leaved
spiked
3000 alopecuroides Th. Fox-tail
$3001
abrotanoides W.
Thyme-leaved
3012 lanceolata Ph.

3013 sibirica W.
3014 alsinoides Ph.
Rhamni
1812. C. p.1
... Cpl. Bot reg. 501
a U or
a U or
U or
2999 laxa Th.
535. ITEA. L.
3008 virginica W.
536, CYRIL"L.A. L.
3009 carolinina Ph.
537. CLAYTO'NIA. W.
3010 virginica Ph.
3011 carolinina H. K.
u_ fr
U or
* L or 6 jLau
chaffy
*8 microphylla Th.
3.02 superba Donn.

3003 fragarioides W.
$3004 ciliata L.
3.05 ericoides Wendl
$3006 phylicoides Th.
534, BROSSMEA. L.
3007 coccinea L.
Rhamni...Sp. 2.
8 jlau W
Japan
8 jlau W
Nepal
Hovenia.
sweet
sour
Class V.
two-flowered
Touch-me-not
Bre. cents: t:10
1791. C p.1 Wendl. collt:21

1774. C. p. Bot cab. 572
1794. C. p.l
Ericeae. Sp. 1
S. Amer.
-
p."
C p.1 Bot cab. 355

C. p.l
C. p.1
-
...
C lip
Plum.ic. 64 f. 2
Ericear. Sp. 1.
6 jn.au W.
N. Amer. 1744. L s-p Bot mag. 2409
Ericeae. Sp. 1.
6 jn.au W.
Carolina 1765. C lip Bot mag. 2456
Portulaceae.
* mr.my St
Sp. 6-11.
N. Amer. 1748. D s-p Bot mag. 941
+ mr.my Pk
N. Amer. 1789. D s-p Par. lond. 71
* mr.my W.
* my...au R
+ mr.jn W
* my...au W
Balsamineae.
3 jlo
R
2 jn.s
R
2 jn.s
O
2 jn.s
Y
N. Amer. 1812.
Siberia
1768.
Nootk. Sd.1794.
N. Amer. 1794.
Sp. 4-16.
D
S.
S.
S
plPursh.am: 1. t.3
p.l Bot mag. 2243
P. Bot mag. 139
s-p Bot mag. 1336
E Indies 1596 s r.m Blackw.t,583

E. Indies 1808. S. r.m. Bot mag. 1256
N. Amel. ..., Sr.m Sweet fl; g is

England w.s.pl. S sp Eng. bot. 937
3.007
History. Use, Propagation, Culture,

This tree shoots out many side branches towards the top, which are furnished with winged
leaves, composed of 16 or 18 pair of leaflets, so that they are sometimes near three feet lonte The flowers are on
a branching raceme, and the fruit a woody capsule about the size of a pigeon's g. The rk, leaves, and fruit
have, when fresh, a smell like assafoetida, but the timber has a pleasant smell. in the British West India
cies of Cedrela.
islands the tree has the common name of cedar.
The trunk is sola
eas to be hollowed out into canoes and
: for which pu
it is extremely well adapted; the wood being soft, it may be cut out with great faci
ity, and being light, it will carry a great weight on the water. There are canoes in the West Indies which have
been formed out of these trunks forty feet long and six broad: the wood is of a brown color, and has a fragrant
odor, whence the title of cedar has been given to it. It is frequently cut in...to shingles for covering houses, and
is found very durable; but as the worms are apt to eat this wood, it is not proper for building ships, though it is
often used for that purpose, as also for sheathing of ships. It is often used for wainscoting of rooms, and to
make chests, because vermin do not so frequently breed in it, as in many other sorts of wood, this having a very
bitter taste, which is communicated to whateve: is put into the chests, especially when the wood is fresh; for
which reason it is never made into casks, because spirituous liquors will dissolve part of the resin, and thereby
uire a very bitter taste. Cuttings of Cedrela strike root under a hand-glass in sand.
532. Hovenia. Named after David Hoven, a Dutch commissary in Japan, who gave facilities and encourage.
ment to Thunberg while in that country. A small tree, nearly hardy. Its fruit is eaten in China and Japan, and
is said to resemble a Bergamot pear in taste.
533. Brunia. So named after Cornelius Brun, a traveller into the Levant and Russia at the end of the last and
beginning of the present century. This, Sweet observes, is a pretty Cape genus; its species are pretty bushy
shrubs, with heath-like leaves, and are handsomest while young. The flowers are not so showy as in many other
genera, but some of them are very elegant. A sandy peat soil suits them best, with a moderate supply of water;
and young cuttings planted in sand under abell-glass will strike root freely." Bot. Cult. 133.)
534. Brossea. Gui de la Brosse was physician to Louis XIII, and in 1626 procured the establishment at
-
Paris of the Jardin des Plantes, of which he was the first director.
shrub like a Cistus, with scarlet fiowers half an inch long.
A very doubtful plant.
It is said to be a
55. Itea. From rea, the Greek name of the willow. The name Salix having been given to the modern
willow, that of Itea has been applied to a plant resembling the willow in leaves and place of growth.
handsome plant which thrives well either in peat-soil or sandy loam, and is '' by layers.
This is a
ORDER I.
185
2991 Fruit sweet fleshy, Leaves glabrous a little shining

2992 Fruit austere, Leaves downy quite opaque
2993 Leaves 3-cornered incurved acute, Flowers terminal on the lateral branches
2994 Leaves 3-cornered brown at end, Chaff of the heads exserted colored
2995 Leaves half round erect-spreading withered at end at the base and branches hairy, Heads round lateral
2996 Leaves 3-cornered obtuse smooth, Heads terminal, Branches whorled clustered
2997 Leaves 3-cornered black at the end smooth, Heads terminal
2998 Leaves ovate 3-cornered fleshy smooth, Heads terminal, Branches divaricating
2999 Leaves 3-cornered and spiked, Flowers smooth
3000 Leaves 3-cornered acute smooth, Heads lateral globose smooth
3001 Leaves linear-lanceolate reflexed spreading: their edge fringed at base, Heads terminal corymbose
3002 IAeaves half rounded spreading incurved hairy at the end with a withered beard
3003 Leaves 3-cornered appressed ciliated at edge
3004 Leaves ovate acuminate ciliated. A very doubtful species
3005 Leaves short acute 3-cornered at the end spreading fuscous and callous, Heads round at end of branches
3006 Leaves ovate convex imbricated, Heads terminal hairy
3007 A little shrub like a Cistus, with ovate stalked alternate pale-green leaves
3008 Leaves ovate acute serrated, Spikes pubescent
3009 Leaves wedge-lanceolate acute membranous nerved, Spikes slender
3010 Leaves very long linear, Petals entire
3011 Leaves short oval abruptly narrowed into the stalk
3012 Leaves lanceolate, Raceme solitary elongated, Root tuberous
3013 Leaves nerved: radical and cauline ovate, Raceme 1-sided, Petals bifid
3.014 Radical leaves spatulate ovate: cauline ovate distinct, Root fibrous
3015 Radical leaves spatulate rhomb-shaped: cauline perfoliate
3016 Flower-stalks clustered, Leaves lanceolate; the upper alternate, Spur shorter than flower
3017 Leaves alternate oblong oval serrated, Leafstalks with many glands, Spur incurved as long as flower
3018 Flower-stalks generally 2-flowered, Leaves ovate serrated, Flowers orange-brown spotted inside
3019 Flower-stalks clustered, Leaves ovate, Points of stem tumid
536. Cyrilla. In honor of Dominico Cyrilli, professor of medicine at Naples, and a fellow of the Royal
Society of London. He published, in 1788, a work upon the rare plants of Naples, which is now one of the
This is a pretty shrub. Young cuttings will root under a bell-glass in sand, but
not very freely.
537. Claytonia. In memory of Mr. John Clayton, who collected plants chiefly in Virginia, and sent them to
Gronovius, who published them in his Flora Virginica. C. perfoliata is very
and is not easily eradicated
where once introduced. It gross on the poorest soil, vegetates early, and the whole of the herbage gathered
and boiled makes a very tender spinage.
538. Impatiens. A metaphorical name given to these plants on account of the elastic force with which their
capsules burst, and scatter their seeds upon the slightest touch. I. Balsamina is one of the most beautiful of
scarcest of botanical
popular annuals, forming a shewy cone of finely variegated carnation-like flowers. The prevailing colors of the
petals are red and white, the former extending to every shade of orange, purple, scarlet, lilac, pink, and espe
cially carnation or flesh color. Those are esteemed the most beautiful varieties which have the flowers double,
and striped in the manner of a flake or bizarre carnation: but none of the varieties are permanent or can be
continued by seeds, and the plant does not root readily by cuttings. The way to procure very large plants is to
sow early in the season, as in March, to commence transplanting into 3-inch pots as soon as the plants have two
proper leaves, and to shift every week or ten days into pots a size larger every time, till at last
are in pots of
the largest or of a very large size, and in the richest fight mould. The plants should be kept all the time in a
hot-bed or pit, plunged, and with abundance of room and air, and the heat of the melon or pine. Fairweather,
by transplanting only three or four times from No. 48 pots to those of eight inches diameter raised, produced
..alsams four feet high, and fifteen feet in circumference, with strong thick stems, furnished with side
''
b, anches from bottom to top, and these covered with large double flowers. (Hort. Trans. iii. 406.)
The juice of the balsam, prepared with alum, is used by the Japanese to dye their nails red. (Thunberg.)
I. Nolitangere, Neme touchez pas, Fr., Springsame, Ger., and Erba Impatienta, Ital., is the only species found
wild in Europe. When the seeds are ripe, upon touching the capsules, they are thrown out with considerable
force: hence the names Impatiens and Nolitangere. In the day-time the leaves are expanded, but at night they
hang pendent, contrary to what is observed in plants, which from a deficiency of moisture, or a too great per
spiration from heat, commonly droop their leaves during the day. Only the goat is said to eat this plant.
I. biflora, the American Noli-me-tangere, resembles this plant, but is handsomer.
186
539. SAUVAGES1A. Jacq. Sauvages. A.

3020 erecta L.
t"510 V1'OL.A. iv.

3021 palmta W.
3022 pedata W.
3r:3 pinnta W.
3024 sagittata W.
30.25 lanceolata W.
30.26 obliqua W.
3027 cucullta Ji.
30.28 sorria Ph.
3029 papilioncca Ph.

3030 ambigua W. K.
3051 uliginsa Schr.
3032 clandestina Ph.
303.3 blnda Ph.
3024 primuliflia Ph.
50.35 hirta JW.
3036 collina Bess.
3037 campestris Bieb

3038 palustris Sm.
3039 Schmidtina Sch.
3040 odorta W.
a purprca
Blba
[C] cu
crect
Violet.
palmated
A
cut-leaved
A
winged-leaved Sy a
arrow-leaved
A
spear-leaved
A
oblique-flower.
A
hollow-leaved y A
white-rooted
Y. A
variegated
A
doubtful
swamp
A
A
small-flowered Y. A
white-flowered
Primrose-leav.
hairy
hill
field
marsh
Austrian
A
A
sy. A
A
A
A
A
sweet
3 purprea plna
* Alba plena
& caerlca plena
x pllida plena
3041 alpina Jacq.
purple-flowered?,
white,flowered $.
blue-flowered t,
double-purple *.
double-white
*.
double-blue
*...
Neapolitan
*
Alpine
y
3042 canina Ji'.
dog's
caerlea
3043 sylvestris Kit.

3044 neglecta Schm
3045 glauca Bieb.
5046
E. B.
3047 montna W.
3048. Nuttallii Ph.
3049 dbilis Mich.
3050 valdria W. en.
3051 cenisia W.
3052 canadensis JV.
30.53 strita JV.
3054 pubscens W.
$3055 cncolor L. T.
3056 mirbilis W.
3057 biflra Ji.
3058 uniflra W.
3059 arborescens W.
3060 trcolor L.
3061 bantica Kit.
3062.arvnsis Murr.
3063 altica Pall.
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
A
a
A
a
A
A
A
A
A
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
or
* A w.
A or
neglected
A or
glaucous
A or
cream-colored Sy A or
mountain
A or
Nuttall's
SY A or
wood
A or
weak
fringed-leaved
A or
Alpine
Sy A or
Canadian
Y A or
streaked
A or
downy
sy A or
green-flowered sy. A or
broad-leaved
A or
two-flowered
A or
Tartarian
B
B
P. B.
P. B.
Cr
L. B
B
ap my W.
Britain
hea.
Hungary 1820.
Crimea
1821.
Poland
1822.
England moi.h.
Al, of Eur, 1683.
Missouri 1812,
Y. Pu
Y. Pu
Y
P.Y
B
Y
Y
or
1 myau D.B Switzerl.
or
1.jls
S. co
D. p.1
D. p.
D p.l
D. p.
D. p.1
D. p.1
D pl
D. p.1
Jacq-am.t-51.f3
Bot mag. 535
Bot mag. 89
r,
Bot. cab. 1471
Gm.sib.4.t-4 are
Bot mag. 1795
Will.hort-ber-72
D. p.
ID
ID
D
D
D
D
co W.K.hung-t-190
co
p.1
p 1 Will.hort-ber 24
pl
p.1 Eng bot. 894
D co
ID co
D. p.1
Eng bot. 444
D co
D. p.l Eng bot. 619

D p.1
D. p.1
D. p.l
D pl
D. p.1
D pl
D. p.1
D co Jac. aust. t. 242
D
D
D
D
D.
D.
p.1 Eng. bot. 620

co
co
co
p.1 Eng bot. 445
p. Bot. mag. 1595
D co
N. Amer. 1820. D co Bot cab. 1378
aps
* aps
laps
mr.jm
my...au
3 myau
*my.au
A or
3064 rothomagnsis P. S. Rouen

3065 sudtica W en.
tooth-flowered Y
3066 ltea E. B.
yellow-flowered:
3067 grandiflra L.
great-flowered Y
crenated
Sy
3068 Zysii W.
* apjn
myjn
"my.jn
* myjn
a my
1 myjn
"my.jn
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
* L or
O
O
O
A
a
''
P
Mt. Cenis 1805.
B
Mt. Cenis 1759.
I.B. N. Amer. 1783.
St
N. Amer. 1772.
B
N. Amer. 1772.
G
N. Amer. 1788,
L.B. Germany 1732.
Y
Al. of Eur.1752.
Y
Siberia
1774.
P.B Spain
1779.
Siberian
Heart's-ease
Banatlan
Piolaccar Sp. 1-6.

1 my.jn Pk S. Amer. 1820.
riotaceae. Sp. 50120.
*my.jn Pu
N. Amer. 1752.
my.jn B
N. Amer. 1759.
myjn V
S. Europe 1752.
* jl
W.B. N. Amer. 1775.
* jn.jl
W.
N. Amer. 1759.
+ my.jn Y." N. Amer. 1762.
+ my-ul B
N. Amer. 1772.
; apjn B
N. Amer. 1802.
* my.jn B
N. Amor. 1800.
* ap.my P.V. Hungary 1823.
* ap.my Pu
Carinthia 1823.
* my
Br
Pensylv. 1800.
A my.jl W.
N. Amer. 1802.
* apjn P.B. N. Amer 1783.
* ap.my B
England ch.so.
* mr.my B
Poland
1822.
* ap.my Pu Tauria
1824.
* my.jn B
Britain mos.b.
* myjn B
Austria
1821.
1 mr.my Pu
Britain sha. pl.
* mr.my Pu
Britain
1 mr.my W.
Britain gard.
3 mr.my B
Britain gard.
1 mr.my Pu
Britain gard.
1 mr.my W
Britain gard.
1 mr.my B
Britain gard.
* mr.my Pa. B Britain
ard.
* my.jn D. Pu Austria 1823.
1 my jn
* jn.jl
*my.jn
* jn.jl
1.jn.jl
1 jnjl
* jn.au
4 ap.my
jm.jl
1, ap.my
shrubby
Corn
Class V.
D. p.1 Al. p.2 t 24 ts

D. p.1 Al. p. 2. t. 2. f6
D. p.1
D. p.l
D. p. Bot reg. 390
D co Linn, tr. 6. t. 28
D. p.1 Flor dan. 1045
D plBot, mag. 2089
D co Gm.si.4. t. 48.1.5
L. r.m Barr, ic. 568
Britain co. f. S co
Germany 1820. S co
Britain
Siberia
France
Germany
Britain
Carinthia
...
Eng bot. 1287
S co
1805.
1783.
1805.
m-pas.
D
D
D
ID
...
...
co Bot reg. 54
co Bot. mag. 1498
co
p.1 Eng., bot 721
D
l l
-
Co
Ha. hel. 566 t 17

Jac.co. 4.t. 11.fl.

in honor of Jacques Boissier de Sauvages, a French botanist, who died in 1767. He pub.
539. a
Sauvagesia.
lished
Flora of Montpellier, and other works. A genus of small herbaceous plants, more singular than
beautiful.
510 piola. The ancients feigned that violets were the first
of the cow Io, one of Jupiter's mistresses.
This is an extensive genus of low herbs, mostly with violet and food
white flowers, and well adapted for the :
border, rock-work, or for growing in pots. V. odorata is a favorite flower, on account of its fragrance and early
appearance. It is a native of every part of Europe, in woods, amongst bushes, in hedges, and on warm banks.
----------
-- =="-" - - - - *--
ORDER 1.
187
3020 Stem simple, Leaves narrow lanceolate, Stipules very long

1. Stemless, Stipules membranous.
3021 Pubescent, Leaves palmated 5-lobed toothed and undivided
30.22 Leaves pedate 7-parted
3023 Leaves many-cleft, Segments lobed
3024 Leaves obl. acute cord. sagittate serr cut at base, Flowers inverted, Three lower petals bearded at base
3025 Smooth, Leaves shining lanceolate obsoletely toothed or crenulate, Flowers whitish
middle
303, Smth. Lvs. cord ac cren serr. flattish, Fls. erect, Pet. obliquely turned: lateral longer bearded below the
3027 Smooth, Leaves cordate serrate smooth hooded at base, Petals obliquely turned: lateral bearded
3028 Leaves cordate crenated pubesc, beneath, Lower petal bearded at base, Flower-stalks shorter than leaves
3029 Lvs. triang. cord ac. cren. somewhat hood. Pet. obov. : 3 low. beard. below mid conniv.: 2 upper reflexed
3030 Leaves oblong cordate obtuse crenate naked at the base with unequal inflexed hooded lobes
3031 Stemless, Leaves cordate smooth, Peduncles bracted above the middle
3032 Smoothish, Lvs. roundish obt, at base cord. cren. serrate, Runners flowering, Pet lin, not longer than cal.
303.3 Leaves cordate obtuse acutish flat smooth, Petals not bearded, Flower-stalks as long as leaves
3034 Leaves oblong subcordate, Stalks membranous
3035 Leaves cordate and stalks hispid with hairs, Cal. obtuse
3036 Subhirsute, Runners none, Leaves cordate, Calyxes obtuse, Flowers sweet-scented
3037 Leaves cordate vertilinear at base pubescent, Runners none
3038 Leaves reniform smooth, Root creeping, Calyx obtuse
3039 Leaves cordate acuminate subcrenate smooth, Bractes close under the flower, Lower petal truncate
3040 Creeping runners and stalks smoothish, Cal. obtuse
3041 Nearly stemless, Leaves roundish elliptical crenate stalked, Stipules lin. serrated, Spur as long as calyx
$ 2. Caulescent, Stipules membranous.
3042 Old stem ascending, Leaves oblong cordate obt. dotted, Stipules setaceous toothed, Cal. lanceolate acute
3043 Stem square erect, Radical leaves cordate reniform, Flower-stalks longer than the leaves
3044 Stem erect angular, Lvs. cord. toothed crenat, smooth, Stip. tooth, on one side, Bract. above midd. of stalk
3045 Stem spread compressed, Lower Ivs. cord. ovate: upper ovate-lanceol. crenul. Stip. toothed on each side
3.046 Stem ascending rounded, Leaves ovate lanceolate, Stipules cut serrated
3047 Stem erect, Leaves cordate oblong, Stipules toothed on one side, Anthers free
3048 Pubescent, Stem simple erect, Leaves ovate obl. acute, Petals lanc. entire, Flower-stalks length of leaves
3049 Caulescent weak, Stipules membranous lanceolate slightly torn, Leaves shortly cordate toothed
3050 Stems erect and procumbent, Leaves oblong entire sinuated ciliated hispid, Stipules undiv. Calyxes acute
3051 Stems filiform undiv. procumb. Leaves ovate stalked: their edge at the base ciliated, Stipules undivided
3052 Smoothish, Leaves subcordate acuminate serrated, Flower-stalks length of leaves, Stipules short entire
3053 Leaves cordate acuminate serrated flattish, Stipules lanceolate serrated ciliated
3054 Villous pubescent, Stem erect leafy at top, Leaves broad cordate, Stipules oblong serrated at end
3055 Erect, Leaves broad lanceolate, Stipules linear lanc. entire, Flower-stalks axillary in pairs very short
3056 Stem erect and leaf-stks. 3-corner. Rad, fl. with cor. but sterile: caul. apet. fertile, Lvs. reniform cord. cren.
3057 Stem weak about 2-flowered, Leaves reniform serrate, Calyxes acute, Stipules entire
3.058 Stem 1-flowered, Leaves cordate toothed
3059 Leaves linear lanc. toothed, Stipules linear entire, Spur very obtuse much shorter than calyx
3. Stipules pinnatifid, Stigma cup-shaped.
3060 Stem ang. diffuse, Leaves oblong toothed crenate, Stipules lyrate pinnat. Cor.twice as long as smooth cal.
3061 Stem. ang dec. diffuse, Lower lvs. cord. upper ovate obl. toothed cren. Cor. scarcely longer than smooth cal.
3062 Stem angular decumb. diffuse, Leaves ovate oblong toothed crenate, Cor. scarcely longer than hairy cal.
3063 Caulesc. smooth, Leaves thickish ovate and oval cren. Flowers inverted wavy, Petals rounded broad renif.
3064. Stein angular diffuse and leaves oblong serrated hairy, Stipules lyrate pinnatifid, Cor.twice as long as cal.
3065 Stem 3-cornered simple, Lvs. obl. toothed, Stipules palm many-cleft, Petals crenate, Spur as long as cal.
3066 Stem 3-cornered simple, Leaves ovate oblong crenated ciliated, Stipules palmate cut
3067 Stem 3-cornered simple, Leaves oblong, Stipules pinnatifid
3068 Stem very short erect, leaves round: crenate, Stipules entire, Flower-stalks 3-cornered
Desfontaines says it is frequent about Cassa and Tozzer, in Barbary, in the palm groves; the blue and white
growing promiscuously and flowering in winter. Hasselquist found it in Palestine, Thunberg in Japan, and
Loureiro in China, near Canton. The double purple and the Neapolitan are the most esteemed varieties: the
latter forces well, and where there is a stove or warm pit, may be had from Christmas to April, when others are
in flower in the open air.
in medicine, the flowers of violets act as a laxative, and the syrup is used by chemists to detect an acid or an
alkali: for this purpose the V. odorata is cultivated to some extent at Stratford upon Avon. (W ithering.)
188
* mr.jn L.B. Switzerl. 1752.

*my.jn B
Pyrenees 1776.
Piolaceae. Sp. 230.
reor 1 ap.au G.Y. S. Amer. 1797.
m.
m 11 jl
W.
S. Amer. 1829.
Rhamni...Sp. 21
3073 ericoides W.
Heath-leaved or 3 aps
W.
C. G. H. 1731.
3074 parviflra W.
small-flowered * v- or 2 ap-jl
W
C. G. H. 1790.
3075 lanceolata W.
lance-leaved
a u_J or 3 ap.my W.
C. G. H. 1790.
3076
JW en.
headed
* LJ or 1 my...au W.
C. G. H. 1800.
3077 pubescens W.
down
* L or 2 fap
W.
C. G. H. 1774.
3078 eriophora W.
le-flowered a u_J or 3 n
W
C. G. H. 1774.
3079 rosmarinifolia P. S. Rosemary-lvd. * u_J or 3
...
W.
C. G. H. 1815
$3080 axillaris P. S.
axillary-flower. * u_J or 2 my.jn W.
C. G. H. 1812.
3.081 plumsa W.
feathered
* u, , or 2 mr.my W.
C. G. H. 1752.
3082 villsa W.
villous
* L or 2 my
W.
C. G. H. 1790.
3083 stipulris W.
horned
* - or 3 my..s W. C. G. H. 1786.
$3084 cordta W.
heart-leaved
a u_j or 2 myjn P.Y. C. G. H. 1789.
$3085 buxifolia W.
Box-leaved
* L or 2 mys W
C. G. H. 1759.
3086 spicta L.
spiked
a u-J or 2 n.d
W.
C. G. H. 1774.
$30.87 myrtiflia P. S.
Myrtle-leaved a u_J or 3
...
D.Y. C. G. H. 1816.
3088 callsa iy.
callous-leaved a u_j or 1 mr.ap W
C. G. H. 1774.
30.89 imbricata Jy.
imbricated
*u J or 1 aun
W.
C. G. H. 1801.
3000 cylindrica W en
cylindrical
* u_j or 2 apau W.
C. G. H. ...
3091 racemsa W.
cluster-flower. * u_j or 5 my.s W.
C. G. H. 1790.
S092 pinifolia iy.
Pine-leaved
*u-J or 6 my
W.
C. G. H. 1789
3095 squarrsa iy.
squarrose
* u_J or 2 aun
W.
C. G. H. 1800.
543. PLECTRO'NIA. W. PlectroN1A.
Rhamni...Sp. 12.
3094 corymbsa P. S.
corymbed
* u, , or 20
...
W.G. C. G. H. 1816.
544. CONOCAR/PUS, hy. Burtton-thee.
Combretaceae. Sp. 2-4.
3095 erecta Jy.
upright
D tim 30
...
Pa Y Jamaica 1752.
3096 procumbens W.
procumbent
D or 6
...
Pa.Y Cuba
1730.
545. CYPHIA. W.
CYphia.
Campanulaceae. S. 3-8.
3097 volbilis W.
twining
to or 1
...
P.B. C. G. H. 1795.
3098 bulbsa W.
bulbous
* UCI or
; aus
P. B. C. G. H. 1791.
3099 Phyteuma
Rampion
* A or
*f
Pk C. G. H. 1892.
546. LIGHTFOOTIA. L'Her. Lightfootia.
Campanulaceae. Sp. 2.
$100 oxycoccoides W.
lance-leaved
n- u_j or * jl
B.w C. G. H. 1787.
3101 subulta W.
awl-leaved
*i-u-J or
+ au
B
C. G. H. 1787.
3069 calcarta W.
3070 corn(ta W.
spurred
Class V.
Y A or
St A or
horned
+*541. ION1"DIUM. Went.

IoniniuM.
3071 polygalaefolium, P. whorl-leaved
$3072 Ipecacuanha Pent. New Ipecac
*542 PHY"Lic.A. iv.
PhvlicA.
547. JASI'ONE. W.
3102 montna W.
3103 pernnis W.
548. LAGOECIA. W.
3104 cuminoides W.
549. HE/DERA. J.V.
3105 Hlix W.
a poetica
vegeta
arbrea
: chrysoc
3106 capitta
Sheep's Scanlous.
mountain
perennial
CUMuN.
wild
Irish
tree
yellow-berried
capitate
C
C
C.
C.
C.
C.
C
C.
C.
C.
C
C.
C.
C
C
C.
C
C.
C.
C
C.
p.1
pl
p.l
p.1
p.1
p.1
p.1
p.l
p.1
p.1
p.1
p.1
p.1
pl
pl
p.l
p.1
p.]
p.l
p.l
p.1
C p.1
Bot mag. 24
Bot reg. 711
Bot cab. 695
Plam. t. 445. f. 1
Bot. cab. 849
Bot. cab. 253
Bur. afr t-43 fe
Com. rar. Get 12
Bot. cab. 8+s
Bot mag. 27
Wendl. coll. t.
Bot. cab. 36
Burm. afr. t. 94
C. p.1 Cat. car. 2. t. 33

C p" Jac.am. t. 52. f. 2
D 1.p
D lp Bur afrt. 38 fi
D 1p Bot reg. 625

C s.l.
Ex. bot. 2 t 60
D. s.l.
L'He s.an.4, t-s
Lam. ill. t. 142
Caprifoliaceae. Sp. 2-8.

or 40 on
G
Britain woods. L. co
Eng bot. 1267
*
*
*
*
common
C 1-p Vent. malm. 27

C lip Bot mag. 2453
Campanulaceae. Sp. 2-5.

O pr1 jn.jl
B
Britain sa.
S co
y: A pr1 jn.jl
B
France
1787. D co
Umbelliferae. Sp. 1.
O cu 1 jn.jl
G.Y. Levant
1640. S. co
Ivy.
poet's
D p.1
D. p.1 Bot. mag. 791
or 20 on
or 50 on
or 8 on
or 30 on
D or 12 on
3076
G
G
G
G
G
......
Madeira
-
Greece
...
...
...
1815.
L.
L
L.
L
Eng bot. 882

Bot imag. 21.98
co
co
co
co
W. Indies 1823. C. p.
Jac.am. t. 61
3093
V. hirta and canina bear a considerable resemblance to V. odorata; but the first may be distinguished by its
hairy petioles, and the last by its flowers being inodorous.
V.arborescens is readily propagated by young cuttings planted under a hand-glass.

541. Ionidium. From low, a violet, and i22, similar, on account of its resemblance to a violet, from which it
-
--
is by some thought not to be generically distinct.
542 Phylica; in Greek cuxux", and should therefore be written Philyca. The plant of the ancients is not
known. Some think it was the Holly. P. ericoides occupies large tracts of ground about Lisbon, in the same
Young cuttings of all the species root readily in sand under
as heath occupies many lands in England.

-glass.
a.
543. Plectronia. From *xix rear, a spur. The tree is furnished with stiffspines like the spurs of a cock-,
544. Conocarpus. From xanor, a cone, and xaeror, a fruit; its fruit resembles the cone of an alder. Tropical
trees, with alternate entire leaves and small heads of yellowish flowers.
545. Cyphia. From zvos, curved, on account of its curved stigma. Small Cape plants resembling Lobelia.
PENTANDRIA MonogYNIA.
ORDER I.
189
3069 Stem short, Spur subulate longer than petals, Leaves somewhat ovate, Stipules toothed
3070 Stem ascending 3-cornered, Leaves cordate crenate, Spur subulate longer than calyx, Upper petal acum.
3071 Stem ascending, Leaves opposite sessile and stipules lanceolate, Flowers nodding longer than leaves
3072 Leaves ovate obl. Pedunc. axillary solitary drooping, Lower lip very large emarginate
373
3074
3075
3076
3077
Leaves linear lanceolate obtuse revolute at edge smooth, Branches umbelled, Heads round downy
Leaves subulate acute rough somewhat hairy, Branches panicled many-flowered
Leaves scattered linear lanceolate hoary beneath, Heads terminal hairy
Leaves linear lanceolate villous, Bractes woolly, Heads terminal
Leaves linear lanceolate acute spreading villous hoary beneath, Bractes colored villous very long
3078 Leaves linear hairy tomentose beneath revolute at edge, Heads terminal, Flowers downy
3079 Leaves linear flattish hoary beneath erect, Heads ovate downy
3080 Leaves linear lanceolate revolute at edge hoary beneath, Flowers axillary solitary racemose
3081 Leaves linear subulate very villous, Flowers terminal axillary, Cor spreading
3082 Leaves linear upper villous, Flowers racemose
3083 Leaves linear revolute at edge rough
beneath, Stipules filiform colored, Bractes bifid naked
3084 Leaves cordate ovate spreading, Stem proliferous
3085 Leaves ovate scattered opposite and three together beneath netted veiny tomentose
3086 Leaves oblong cordate acuminate beneath hoary, Spikes
Flowers length of bractes
3087 Leaves ovate mucronate smooth above and shining beneath hoary, Racemes leafy panicled
3088 Leaves oblong cordate acuminate hairy beneath white, Flowers in heads
3089 Leaves cordate ovate smooth, Flowers racemose
3090 Leaves linear lanc. revolute at edge villous hairy beneath, Flowers cylind. Bractes as long as flowers
3001 Leaves ovate smooth, Flowers simple panicled racemose
3092 Leaves acerose flat on each side very smooth, Flowers panicled racemose
3093 Leaves linear ciliated arcuate spreading, Head terminal
3094 Branches square, Leaves opposite stalked lanceolate ovate entire smooth
3095 Erect, Leaves lanceolate
3096 Procumbent, Leaves obovate
3097 Leaves entire and toothed linear, Stem twining
3C'8 Leaves digitate, Leaflets pinnatifid, Stem erect
309, Leaves oblong crenated ciliated, Scape erect
3100 Leaves and
ls lanceolate
3101 Leaves subulate, Petals linear

3102 Leaves linear lanceolate narrow at the base hispid wavy curled
5103 Leaves linear smoothish flat obtuse

3105 Leaves ovate 3-5-angular and 3-5-lobed floral ovate acuminate veiny, Umbels erect
5106 Leaves elliptical entire, Racemes compound terminal, Flowers sessile in small heads
3.096
546.

Named after the Rev. John Lightfoot, an English clergyman, and author of the first Flora
Scotica. The genus is very nearly related to Campanula, from which it is by some thought not different.
547, Jasione. A name applied by Pliny to an eatable plant. J. montana so resembles Scabiosa, as to be often
mistaken for a plant of that genus.
Linnaeus gives a curious account of the process of fecundation in this
plant, from which may be observed its affinity to Syngenesia, where it was first placed.
:
Lagascia. From Xayar, a hare, and Nzor, a residence. The little seeds enveloped in the downy involu
crum have been likened to young levelets in a hare's form. The seeds should be sown in autumn soon after
they are ripe, otherwise, if this is deferred till spring, they commonly remain a year, and sometimes two or
three years, before they grow.
549. Hedera. A name for which many etymologies have been offered. The best explanation is, that it has
been derived from hedra, surd, in Celtic. Lierre, Fr. H. helix is a valuable ornamental evergreen for cover
ing naked buildings or trees, for training into fanciful shapes, as of human figures, &c. on skeletons of wire
work, or trained up a stake so as to form a standard. Flowering so late in the season, it is much resorted to by
Class V. f%[\
1!X>
Sp. 2549.riv. ba, m Eng. bot 1249
Curra.
0.
44 Grossulacex.
ap.my
GG Britain
mi
ft
r.m
317
ribrum W.IV.
Britain
.my
white
y album
Britain
4
ap.my
G
r.m
Eng. mag.
bot. G5
lai/rf
*'
syloestre
England
moun.
4
my
rock
ft
3iS
Bot.
S108
petra-'um
W.
Hungary
1822.
5
.my
Gr
many-flowered
Eng.
bot. 1290
3100 multiflrum Kit. acid
England
m.
wo.
4
ap.my
G
ft
3110
spictuin
Sm.
Quel>ec
1823.
4
.my
Pu
tririd
Pall. rose, 2. 1 65
3111
1804 L .
\ my.jn Pu N.Dahuria
3112 trlfldum
procml>en>iMich.Pall. trailing
s.! L'Her. st 1. 1 2
1812.
61J ap.my
GPu N. Amer.
stifl
ft
L
3113
rigen*
Mich.
Amer.
1777.
ap.my
gbnduloue
*ft
Eng. bot. 7(H
woods. , .. Bot
3 ap.my G Britain
Al[iine
SI311415 pfustrtum
alpnum IV.Ph. golden
1812. r.m Eng. reg.
55 ap.my
YG Missouri
ft
bot 125
1291
3116
areum
Ph,
Britain
m.hcd
ap.my
black
ft
Dil
el.t24U315
3117
nigrum
.
N.
Amer.
1729.
4
ap.my
G
Pensylvanian
ft
3118
flrfdum
W.
N.
Amer.
1812.
4
ap.my
Y.G
fc
3119 resinsum
laxiflrum fA.
Ph. loose-flowered
3 ap.my Y'.u N. Amer. 1800. L Bot mag. 1583
clammy
ft
3120
si
N.
1819,
Y.0
hairv
** orr 34 ap.my
5121 hirtllum Ph.
N.N. Amer.
Amer.
1812.
Y.G
Blender
r,l W. habe. 1. 161
3122
grcile P*.Ph.
Amer.
1812.
44 ap.my
ap.my
G.R
three-flowered
ft
or
312.)
triflnmi
r.l Schm. arb.t97_
Syria
1824.
G.Y
ftft oror 4 my.jn
312* orientale Des/. eastern
Siberia
1
78t.
my.jn
G.Y
two-apined
S125
diacntha
.
Germany
1684.
2
ap.my
P.
G
procumbent
ft
or
m Eng.
bot
1292
3126
England hed.
4 mr.ap
botJ057
3127 reclintum
Groseulria W.K rough-Gooseb.
hed. r.m
mr.ap GW.Y
G England
smth.-Gooseb.
ftftft frfror 43 ap.my
Eng.
D.eLtl39.f-66
3128
Uva-crispa
W.
N.
Amer.
1705.
Hawthom-lvd.
S129 oxyacanthodes W. swamp
4 ap.my Y.G N. Amer. 1812.
3130
prickly-fruited ftft oror 4 ap G Canada 1759. bJ Schmidt artx 98
3131 lacustre
CynsbatiPh.W.
Sp. 1731. L- p.; Jac.ic.2. t.S3
Gao.Vovia. . CT) eu Cucurbitace.
551. GRONVVIA. W. climbing
jnjl G.r Jamaica
3132 scndens W.
Amaranthacea:Sicily
Sp. 62
AcllYRANTttK
sic. t.
16 1t9
532. ACHYRANTHES.
13. Ul.s Bocc.
1 inV.O w
g-a- 1 cu
Mill ici.
upright
3133 argntea IV.
Pk India HSL
eu 32 rayo
r.m
Bot
mag
8JU
rough
3134
spera
1.
182.
ap.auil Pu
.B- LJ
3135
prrigens
H. K. crimson-flower,
Canaries
1780. r.m
W
t my
white
i_l
eu
3136
nivea
W.
r.m
.
Indice
1820.
Pu
Ii
rav.jl
shrubby
e.
|_J
cu
3137
1821. r.m
3138 frutirosM
piibwene ham.
l>th. pubescent e. | 1 N 1 Pk
3110
Use, Propagation,
Cu**mie,
bee*
and flies,
other; furnishing
food isHistory,
tobefoodbad.
Thepigeons,
berries increase
the winter,
arespring.
full ^"**!"
February,
and when
ripen little
in April
for wild
blackbirds,during
thribhes,
&c. in the
birds,
and
several
other
birds,
build
their
nests
in
the
stumps
of
ivy
tufts.
Sheep
arc
fond
of
the
cially during severe weather. The ancients held ivy in gTeat esteem, and Bacchus is represented crowm
it H.to prevent
intoxication
..
Irishplant
ivy, mentioned
perhaps a distinct
species,physicians,
is a nativeandof supposed
the islandtoofbeMM*rtc,r
55aHelix
Rte*.vegeta,
The the
namegiant
of anor acid
hv the Arab
the , .....w.
called
Hheum
Ribce.
R,
RTOttularia
is
so
called
because
Ita
berriei
resemble
little
half
ripe
ng*i.t,w";
is a genusisofthewellGroseilles
known shrubs
; someorofGroseilles
them much
cultivated
their fruit.Johanni*l>cere,
R. rubrum,Ger.,
the conY",""
currant,
en grappes,
d'outre
mer. Fr.,for Gemeine
n" *i l//(J. *
IUI The English name currant is evidently from the similitude of the fruit to that of the ?rP' *
t has anofagreeable
sub-acid"Ugar,
*?fc
which
dried forms
or currantspic*of and
the shop
ual weights
put ovi ^
hecorinthw
dessert
tarts,
r.quni
fruit
umitoand
......eatI'urc
i w- ith h-Vrp
rally relished
both atthethe
rich
forms aandmostin pies
agreeabletart:
jelly, used
aswcigim
a sweetmeat
nare, venison,^ ana
^&
fire,
yield
a
liquor
which
'or punch,
and as a medicine. It is abo much used for making
eT|,e prinWelch
mutton,
to
flavor
\
JT
that
purpose
in
Essex.
Kent,
and
about
Pershore
in
^22aT
be
procured
considerable
extent
for
r^ssex,
ano
iddui
reran
cipal varieties are the white, and pale or Champagne; but anv number of varieties tnny pr [()
from
from sowinn
sowing the
the seeds;
seeds; from
from which,
which, however,
however, none
none superior
superior tot those in general use have been
The
culture
of
the
red
currant
is
known
to
every
countryman.
prowsa clean
freelystem,
by **^?*?*
wood, which should be of sufficient length to form a handsome plant,Itwith
uo _ hlgbTt5 in
grows
any situation,
soil, but prospers
best
ingrow
oneunder
loamvthe
andshade
rich. ofwalls
The bestor trees,
flavoredandfruit
is promu
t
r tninetl
anagainst
openinwalls
free
but
thev
will
either
as
io_ou
or espaliers. They hear chiefly from spurs, and therefore, in pruning, most oiumj ,& woott
is R.c;itnigrum,
to withinthetwoblack
or three
budsis ofthat
it originated.
the
currant,
commonwhere
in moist
woods in Russia and Siberia, where a u h, i ' made ofof (he
berries
alone,
or
fermented
with
honey,
and
with
or
without
spirits.
In
Siberia
thev
^
^
,
with
[
leaves
: theseailtincture
common
spirits
as to resemble
; and
a fewtheofthem
dried aminavor oi berrn
tea, answer
the purposes
of the
greenso material
Manybrandv
persons
dislike
very peculiar
ORDER I.
1. Unarmed.
191
CURRANTs.
3107 Leaves smooth pendulous, Flowers flattish, Petals obcordate, Leaves obtuse 5-lobed, Stem erect
B Berries yellow
2 Lobes of leaves shortish, Leaf-stalks, Flower-stalks, and Flowers pubescent
[Stem erect
3.108 Rac. rather hairy when in flow. erect afterw: pendul. Brac. shorter than flow. Lvs. acum. lob cut toothed,
3109 Racemes spiked pendulous, Petals oblong, Bractes shorter than flowers
3110 Spikes erect, Petals oblong, Bractes shorter than flower
3111 Leaves moderately lobed smoothish above pub, beneath, Flowers small, Sepals trifid, Berries red hairy
3112 Racemes erect, Flowers flat, Leaves obtusely lobed, Stem procumb.
[fruit stiffly upr. Ber rough red
3113 Branc. upr. Leaves smooth above beneath pub. nett. Lob, and teeth acute, Rac, loosely many-fl. always in
3114 Stems prost. Lvs. lobed smoothish younger pub. Rac. nearly erect, Petals deltoid, Bract min. Berr. hispid
3115 Racemes erect, Bractes as long as flowers or longer, Peduncles hairy with glands, Lvs. shining beneath
3116 Very smooth, iv. 3-lobed, Lobes spreading with a few teeth, Bract. lin. as long as fl.-stalks, Berries smooth
3.117 Lvs. dotted beneath, Racemes hairy loose, Flow. campan. Brac. shorter than fl.-stalks, Ped, simple at base
3118 Leaves dotted on each side, Racemes pendulous, Flowers cylindrical, Bractes longer than germen
3119 Leaves cordate 5-lobed cut-toothed smooth, staiks slender, Racemes loose erect the length of leaves
3120 Glandular hairy, Rac. erect, Lvs. 5-lobed obtuse cren. roundish, Bractes lingulate longer than fl.-stalk
2. Prickly. GooseBERRIEs.
3121 Spine one under the axillae, Branches hispid, Lvs. small 1-trifid.: lobes toothed, Berr. solitary smooth red
3122 Spine under axillary very short, Lvs. on slend. stalks pub. on both sides: lobes acute cut and toothed, Ped.
312.3 Prickles
Peduncles 2 or 3-flowered, Berries polished
[capillary
3124 Somewhat prickly, Leaves round cut-lobed hairy, Racemes short, Berries rough with hairs
3125 Prickles twin or solitary, Leaves wedge-shaped 3-parted and obsoletely 3-lobed toothed, Fl. racemose erect
3126 Branches somewhat prickly reclinate, Bract. of the peduncle 3-leav
3127 Leaf-stalks hairy, Peduncles 1-flowered, Bractes 2, ' hairy
3128 Peduncles 1-flowered, Bractes connate-tubular, Fruit smooth
3129 Branches prickly all over
3130 Spine
und, Stem hispid all over, Leaves lobed beyond middle, Berries racemose hispid
3131 Prickles sub-axillary, Berries prickly racemose dull brown
"
3132 Leaves like those of the vine stinging cirrhose

3133 Leaves roundish ovate acuminate, Calyxes reflexed pressed close to the spike
3134 Leaves obovate acute narrowed at base, Calyxes reflexed pressed close to the spike
3135 Leaves ovate lanceolate opposite, Spikes elliptical corymbose on long stalks, Stem shrubby
3136 Leaves whorled ovate downy, Corymbs compact dichotomous, Flowers with corollas
3137 Stem erect, Ovate leaves and calyxes smooth
3138 stem erect rounded and elliptical oblong leaves pubescent, Spikes axillary and terminal stalked
3132
of the black currant, which are therefore not much used in the kitchen or lessert, and seldom in winemaking.
They make a jelly or jam in estimation as a gargle for inflammatory sore throats.
The culture of the black currant is similar to that of the red; but as it is less apt to bear on spurs than on
oung wood, the shoots are not so much shortened in this as in the other. It is singular that no varieties have
raised of this species, nor will it produce hybrids, as far at least as has been tried with the other cultivated
sorts of Ribes.
R. Grossularia and R. uva crispa are the rough and smooth gooseberries; Groseille, Fr., Johannisbeere, Ger.,
and Uvaspina, Ital.; in universal culture and estimation in Britain, but not much known or esteemed in any
other country. The climate of France, Italy, and Spain is too warm; and the summers of many parts of the
north of Europe too rapid for their attaining a good size. They are, however, more in vogue now in the latter
countries than they have ever been before, but as the quality of the fruit soon degenerates when the plants
are not kept in high cultivation, it can never become very popular in countries where the pear, vine, fig, and
olive grow freely, and which being planted and once established in the soil, grow and bear for ages with very
little care.
The varieties of the gooseberry are very numerous, and yearly increasing in Lancashire and other counties
where the fruit is grown for prizes, by raising from the seed. These new varieties, however, are valued more ac
cording to the size of the berry, than its flavor, or the prolificacy of the plant; so that few so originated are fit
to be added to the list of table" or kitchen fruit. Twenty-five pennyweights is considered a great weight for a
gooseberry, but some have been raised a few dwts, heavier. (See the Manchester Gooseberry Book, pub annually.)
The gooseberry is generally propagated by cuttings, and trained as a dwarf bush, or, sometimes on espalier
rails : one variety, the greengage, makes very neat half-standards, and bears better in that state than as a bush.
They require a loamy soil, an open airy situation, and yearly attention to pruning, and refreshing their roots
with manure and stirring the surface.
551. Gronovia. In honor of John Frederick Gronovius, a learned botanist at Leyden. This is a trailing plant
'ike the cucumber, with broad hairy leaves, which sting like the nettle. Treated like the melon, it will pro
duce ripe seeds, but is a plant of neither beauty nor use.
552. Achyranthes. From &xve, chaff, and 2,30s, a flower, in allusion to the chaffy nature of the floral
envelopes. This genus is of easy culture, but little beauty. All root freely by cuttings. A porrigens is the only
handsome species.
Class V
PENTANDIUA MONOGYNIA.
192
Sp. 26. ... r.m Her. parad. 1 15
jLo
Amer.
553.
B.Br.
Piiiloxmui. LAJ cu S3 AmaratU/iacae.
3139PHILOXETRUS.
vermiculUie R. Br.
creeping
jLo Pk
W S,Brazil
1790. r.m Jac ic. 2. L 346
3140 brasilinsis R. Br. upright
. cu Amaranthace*. Sp. 512.
12 jLau
au.o Pu
Indies
554.
DESMOCHA/TA.
D.C.
DttMOCUTL
G.PuE. Indies 1759.
17i. D Lp
Lp Rhd.maL10.t59
Rumph. &tll
3141 lappcea J.
Bur
. I I or
3142
prostrita
D.
prostrate
1
1
or
3
au.n
G
India
1777.
5. 183
2 jl.au P E. Indies 1789. S Lp
Lp Rumph.
nk.iWt.26Ul
3143
muricta
.
.
prickly
a.
I
I
or
;!I44
au.o W E. Indies 123. Lp
$3145 alternifolia
ptula . S.D. altemate-Ieav'd
spreading
[] oror 3 Amarnnthacea:.
Sp. 315. pL S p.1 Eng. bot 895
England
555.
IT.UXK'BKCM.W. .whorled
Knot-grass.^ w ijjlJl W
WS
Europe bog
1820.
245
3146
G Barbary
1821. SS p.l
p.l .
Boccgrac
sic. tVM.C3
3147 verticillfitum
cymosum fi. cymose
O w i jl
3148 echintum . prickly
O w ira. Amaranthacea. Sp. 525.
4jn.au W Buenos A.17. D Lp DilL eRA t7.f7
556.
ALTERNANTHE'RA.
Br. Ai.tkrnanth
jn.au W America
r.m Herrn,
par. 17
3149
Achyrantha .Br.
creeping
22
cucu I |jl.o
Indies 1731.
1778.
Rhd. mal.10.tll
3150
polygonoldcs
.
Persicaria-leav.
|
| jn.jl
G S.E. Amer.
1821. SS r.m
r.m Jacq.am.
L60.f.4
3151
sssiTis
.
Br.
se*5le-flowcred
ru
S152
flcoldee Horn.
. Br. spiny
fleshy-leaved 1
] rucu I my.jn Y
1823. S r.m
S153spinsa
Amaranthace.
Sp. 418.1683. 1) p.1 LobeLic.420.fi
fin.au
W S]ain
657. PARONYCHIA. Jus.
Paronychia.
capitate
tf iAI
Spain 1812.
3154
capitata
**,
jn.au W
W Spain
... DD 8.1a.) Scop.del.lns. LIS
villous
iAI ww 31 jn.au
3155
nivea
JO.
(
Chickweed-lvd. lAJw
* 1 jn.au W Spain 1683. D s.1
3156
3157 aliniflia
hiejnica >.J. Spanish
558. CHENO'LEA. Chknolka.
1 (.
au.- G . C,Sp.G.L H. 1758. r.m
3158 dimita W.
silky
Aiitaranthacete.
Sp. 13.1806. S Lp Ort. dec.
I
659. ANY. Mich. ANVCHIA. Q) w my.au G N. Amer.
3159 dichtoma Mich. forked
AmarantHacete.
Sp.
2.
1
ap.au
W
E.
Indies
UU1fJ
560.
/HUA.
AZrv.
2 ap.au W E. Indies 1691.
1768. r.m
r.m Mill.
Bur. ici.
ind.L65.
3160
lanta J.Just.
woolly
3161 javnica
J.
spear-leaved . Q
[_) cu
cu Amaranthaeeee. Sp.35.
3 jn.s P Y Jamaica
1733. r.m
561.
LESTIBUDE'SIA.
. LutDHJDMA.
Senegal 1777.
r.m SIo.jam.l.tSU.f.1
.lac. vind.3. L 15
3162
panicuita
.Br.Br. .panicled
O]
cu
1j4 au.o
3163
trlgyna
B.
oval-leaved
cu
1815.
r.m Jac ic 2 1 339

3164 virgta Br. wave-leaved . Q cu au.o G
Sp.
27. 18-23.
562.
RH \GOO)!
A. B. Br. Riiagoiiia. tt- i_J cu \ Chcnopodece.
R Holl.
^..j
H
3165
jn.jl crG N. HolL 182a Lab.n.holl.l.t.90
3166 hastta
Billardicri. Br.
B. Br spear-leaved
Labillardicre'i - i I cu 5 Amaranlkacc.
Sp.}.
,
,2717
563.
Deerini.ia. cu 0" au.
au.o W" E. Indies 1804. S M
3167DEERIN'GIA.
celosiolde R. Br.B. Br.Berry-bearing
So.
16. 1820. S Her.para-2.t.213
564. TRIAN'THEMA. L. Trianthema. 2 w 1 .
my.jn
P.G
Jamaica
ner-i
my^monogynous
3168 mongyna L.
Sp. 82 m Mart , 1. 1 7
'8-, glj or 1 Amaranthace<e.
t565. CELO SIA. . Br. silvery-spiked
* llu ' Sa 1 S -tefl
3169 argntea W.
_
jn.
or
common
>k
E.
Indies
W*
S
r.m
3170
cristta
IV.
Ol nr 51 jnjn.e Pa
tufted
3171
comsa
W.V.
GJ!
or
scarlet
3172
coccnea
Pu
1
oror 32 B.u
drooping
3173
cmua B. Rcp.
ru
U \'
EU
branched
5174
or 3S JLi
3175
Monsnia1 W.if. downy
il l Gr EIndi 80. S r.m Jaomd.1. i.
knotted
3176 nodiflra W.
Propagation,
Culture, m and, ..L Tne .pec
55S. ,. From , . lover,,
and Use,arid
, a ol^nt delighung
Oomphrena
or
Acbyranthet
,ith
in allusion to rhnt3
the coherence of the V
K4. heads.
Democliala.
From Pupalia
ivpw, bya bond,
andfrom lU Malabar
nth, appellation,
their
It was called
Jussieu,
riant carly related to 1)
,,ni555.
| 4. lllecrbrum.
In which thev
.
anthes,'in
theyA were
Included
byileaignating
binnus. a kind.....
nameinclmled
of Pliny,bv
of wild .bmpurslane, It s now applied to singular inu.
weed-like
plants, with; white
scarious
stipules toanthers,
the leaves
. , fortlicr,k4i
and barren.
866.
*:tcruai,!l,er
that
is
to
say,
alternate
those
organs
by the Greek!
. .
Something
which
curesgrowwhitlows,
or maladie,
ofhems_W
he. l.iptM
|Jor pi 's r roct-Work
<.
''hese
are
dwarf
plants
which
In
light
soil,
and
are
e
^ the
piS
From
(,.,
n[goose,
ami
oleo,
an
olive.
The
leaves
are
.-.Her;,
lik.1.
those
o^
cult,g.
humble like the Goosefoot. This plant is noticed for its silvery leaves : it is propagatea ,
planted
under a hand-glass.
.. (111
.. .-No. j57.).
.1771 and
653. Auycliia.
A ".rd with the meaning as Paronychia
ana aa genus
gen with similar nan'
(bu L
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNY
193
Rems
creeping.
Leaves
rounded
solitaryHeads
terminal
Mam erect shrubby, Leave* oratefleshy,
oblongHead*
acuminate,
roundoblong
stalked leafless
lil Stem Juhrohbyspreadingllaves
smooth.omiosite
Leave*ovate.
opp. ovate
arum,roughish,
Flowersspreading
with longat pirplraitSWMihruliwurotrate,
Fascicles
flowers remote
length les
r.nexed
Amshrubby
spreading,
leaves
alternate
ovate
naked,
Faac.'
of
flowers
remote
ovate.Bristles
callous
SlSeeerect, bamaKemate ovate smooth, Racemes many, Fascicle* ovate remote, Bristles callous
51*5Stemshrubby spreading pubescent. Flowers in round prickly (pikes
SUSSens filiform rmooth, Leaves roundish, Calvxes 5-cornered bearded
Stan branchederect, leaves

rounded
smoothaxillary
bearded,naked.
Flowers
cymote.
Bractebeneath
very short
ilv,Stanbranchedprostrate,
Flowers
clustered
Calyxes
ventricosc
hairy
M
Resdtsessile,
smooth
three
times
as
long
as
utricle.
Leaves
ovate
mucronate
unequal
MSterolcreeping
broad lanceolate
round
nakedLeaves ovate lanceolate
JU
HMdnuhtwsile,hairy,
CalyxLeaves
ovate
nearlystalked,
as shortHeads
again
as utricle,
L2%Mcmpigsmooth.
Leavesacuminate
broad
lanceolate
Heads
*b]
Ulfwile Uneeotate deaexed.
Flowers
axillarystalked,
clustered,
Calround
spiny,pubescent
Stem tomcntoie dicnotomons
31Weins
rising, LeaTCicarnateoblong
ciliated
at base,villous,
FlowersBractes
terminal mixed
among the
it^rcctmuchbranched,
Leaves
spreading
large concealing
auftSenudiflbe,
Leaves ovate,
shiningLeavesvery
Howmiunoimdedby
shiningblowers
brades,heaped.
Stems Bracte
procumbent,
smooth
the flowers
TVonly spta
39Seedichotomou*, Leaveslanceolate : ofthe stem opposite, ofthe brancha altern. Flowers so. txUiary
Stn
herbaceous erect, Flowers
lateral woolly,numerous
Leavesterminal
alternate orate
*w uamunceoUtedony,
Spikescylindrical
!!ffS*S?B2 UST- 'mina,
r,
^TSS84
'' *
* te' Stem ta """te, Howc hrai>cd lfiM
'4MJ, Brantbe,
e. Haccmn nivîi _
31* Lcarr, r
OTal
* red at edge
cylindrical
compressed
3159
ll*ri,L,n *''huai ofwwu . lne ""were of snin
'
Cl ASS V.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
Amanathacae. Sn.4-&17H. S r.m R1id.ind.iat
r.W
oror s"limv.o
r.m Di.cL24.L20.f.&
S
s.Arr.=r.
.. !0 P.v
>WV India
& Am.
Air. iras.
annual
3177
globosa
(
^
3
WW.
perennial
3178
perennu
W.
r.m Jac id. t. 51
t.
CD
or
2
JLau
Gr
W.
Indies
.
tree
3179 arborscens
m or . Sp..2S.
3180
interripta W.. trailing
WilLnortber.U
779. S Lp
1.1\>
567.
MOI/LIA.
If.
iQI w Jjl.au
Lp
Jjnj, W
w Canario.
Canaries 1780.
forked
!:il81
diffusa
H
.
i
1
w
bearded
$3182 aristta il A.
Britain sltm.S al Eng. bot 13
568.
eeaBlack Saltwort.
~ A cu Santalcea?.
3183GLA-UX.
maritima If'.
.
Eng.aust.5
bot Wt tlo
3tFt*X
fengland
ch.pa.
DD P-j
1 ES
jn.il W
se.
THPsiuM.
mW. common
AA cu
Germany
1814.
P-p. Jac.
bnoph$llum.
w
Sch.bo.).
18011.1;
Alpine
cu
Germany
1814.
D
PLman.LSiS.f.l
3185alplnum
Harne.
SJZZj^n
N.C. G.Amer.
obtuse-lcavcd
A cu
3186cbractotum
'Sied
H. 17
1787. D alp.l
S.H87
umbdbtum
W
umbelled
i1"...
w
B==a.v.
'|
1..V ilMl'.ll' I s- is ,o ^vlndie,1786. S ..P Sw.ob.96. 15. f.2
Jac.sch 1 t.44,49
1I n
au " S (araceas
W. indies 17!*.
1797. pS -P
s.p Bot rep.124
88 S
S* h
8S p.p.l Bed. UL 77, 7
18 f.my W G. HH. 1791.
8 ap.my Y C. G. H. 1773
S p.l Bot.mag.119.lM
>V"
caved
|BS
1777.
8
f.ap
J
SM "g""
tc-lcved or 5 f.mr V C. G. H. 1795. SS pl
C.
G.
H.
11
319 farinosai H. A. Vlcaved [ 6 my.jn J G. H. 1790. S pl
J C. G. H. ... S p.p. Bot. reg. 516
g- Ig- 66 my.jl
6 my.jn
my.jn Y C. G. H. ... S r-1
im
DIGYNIA.
20
mag
Apoct/near. %. Amer. 1688. S p.1 Bot.
h. il LlAI.
S3 lia
SU
NN Ainer.
Hmer. 11?.'.
SS oeo Mor.
3.166
Jac, vind.
Ls
W
1758.
32111
eannablmim
W
gemp;liae
g
2 in.jl W Adriat. lai. S Lobel. ic. t372
.SSSbyperieiflnim
Hyponc .ivu.
saSvbntum If. W. Venetian
M 2 jnjl W
Lam. . tl79
673.
MKUiniNim. . LJ or }
HT^VV
jl"U W Vcaled.
E. indios 1775.
1820. r.m Bot. rog 83*
liaMELODl'OTS.
scndens W. for*climbing
SmnogynusJiori. Ea4ndi, .D AKlcpiadcx. S. 2-13.
6-4 PERirLO-CA. Br. Pr.raiM.ocA.
10 jLa.lBr Syria ?7. ,.1p.l Bot
Cv. T"*ie.3 t ffi
Saep-'e.
eommon
S2IJ7 lievlgta.11",
smooth
A L_l JJor G .. G.T Canaries 177 3190
317
S
hieb measured eighteen tache, in idth, and ên taches m heigM ^m the top or ^
^rt
"rprotrusion
the mostofintense
purplish red.
(*rta rich'
.^.^.)
pr^ ^ no( , press the ,
the Bower-stalk.
Hence
compmt ^^mPWie
diameter, and thon transplanted to others a toot to diameter
^
, c, tothepa" u,e
has
a tendency
to acceleratealltheside
towering
of allêgetableiJ
atcr used in f^.
of from
70from
to 11
branches
an" "V
' Jhe' dsi!cknight
leavM n",
IKg,
po, degrees,
,o?ot tieri more[ frequent,
itremmed,
appears ^
m^ have been
ted stild S'"'
e^
566.same
-.
Gromphrena
is a name apphed
by G.tneg^^
anciuiu, r retain
tender
annual,
>
the
stein
;
probably
our
Amaranthus
ricolor
their
beauty
sclera
head, of dowers, which, if gathered.before Ibv^ arcI too ar auvanceo,
The567.other
speciesSi/ealfo,!
propagate
by cutti pespec-ios
gs under a aresma l w eM
fromreadily
itaa softness.
p an w ithfor. .laurou
gia
5.8. Moi.
Gtaax. From
y\mmm,
name under
which ondts dnpe maritime
weU adapted
P<
leaves.
This
plant
is
maritime,
and
has
glaucous
leaves,
mW
^
, because1
reekMB.work.
It willAthenaiussays,
grow at a considerable
distanceoffrom
the ea mthui anthis^k urn,
laced
on th
TAcsium.
on
the
authority
rimachidca.
.houMLbi
M part ortheA&
thear
formed
by Theseus
to Ariadne
If th i very
'""'r,ain
l-nultimatc
and notgarland
on thepresented
antepenultimate
syllable
It is, however,
ce' that theorTheaion
weeds. oih
eient,
no resemblance
that ofto thethismodems,
,s a ^"^"U<Sdtig
570. had
Hrfironto.
A nametogiven
plant inwhich
anJ^1?^^
strelitzil itsItmmty
grows n.withrich*
H. Bihai is a large herbneenns plant, bearing considerable .
Oim 11
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
1'
Xftae
erecthsirr, Leite*
Hearts plolxwbysolitary
2-lc*aved,
Keels ofbractea* winped
SIMMTObiOToUtt,
Heads oblong
-leaved,pubescent,
Florets distmguished
a peculiar
i>eriaiitliium
19Hairybrining
,
. .
UStnaucending, Leaves oblong silky beneath, Spikes clustered panicled terminal, interrupted
M
8 branched
diffuse. Leaves
ipalulate whorlcd
about 7, Calyxes with a membranous margin
Stem
branched dlfflisc,
Leaves lanceolate
silky bearded
K)Theonlyipecfci
MlSpik*branched,
BrartesRaceme
3, Leares
linear leafy
lanceolate
withFlowers
a verysessile
short tube
to the calyx
Sera*pnwtrxte
simple.
terminal
surrounded
by bracte
-I*mtrort
limpie.mucronate,
Raceme leafy,
Flowers
sulked1-sided,
without
smaller bracte
Slfi
Izaresobovate
Howers
racemose
SitUm confate stem-clasping, Kacemes terminal
MP Lmei at thebase and end acute, Spadix erect radical. Spathes 2-ranked many-flowered
* Ltamvert
narrowed
at base at end
arumui.
SpadixInflorescence
erect flexuose
many-flowered
3191
smoothnerved
rounded
at base,
veryradical,
smooth,Snathes
Spadix2-ranked
erect without
bracte*
&4*u,hortM
l"*-talk*
which
are
hardly
twice
as
long
as
the
fi
feet
leaf
- ,u . ^ KanT,y ionfXXleaf-stalk
than ll,candleaf-stalks
which aretwice
threeastimes
as theoblong
oval leaf
Inoprthan
leaves. Leaf-stalk
long asas long
the ovate
leaf
"; **
S** ll'K
1 , i,meeT
than thewhich
'caf-etalk*
which
arethan
halfasthelong
again asleafthe obL leaf unequal at
leaf-stalk
is
7
times
longer
lanceolate
:u petheilingth
ofthe leaf-etalk
timesas longer
thanconcave
the linear
the base
>>eai*a,
long as leaf-sulk
which iswhich
twiceisas20long
the ovate
leaflanceolate lei
UatsUlk very long with no leaf
Mb,
S
DIGYNIA.
. V
bears a ,
IrtK Whi V',d lo ,\ ,
"** "" via , >4h
.M"4
.hrrehardruggcd
grows in the wet
uart ofnf woods,
- . andn the highest
jjnita
ks' h"o
ne
es,Indians
andlinenof
ilf.. ". hf*,H""ln.,. KS Ii-11." iKt Iii:
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
196
575'208CBYPTOSTE-OIA.
.
Br
Civ.
grandMra Br. large-flowered d, or 6 AsrlcpUidraj.
jn.Jl Pk Sp.
India1.
570.
HEMIDES-MUa
Br.
Hm
Ascicpiadfar.
Sp. 12.
32 indien. . .
IndUul
i. or 6 ... G Ceylon
ST73210SECAMO'NE.
.
Br.
ItclMI.
Ascli'ianiietc.
Sp. 2. 1759.
n-gyptiaca. .Br.JC narrow.lcaved
Egyidian . J.t-J
W Egypt
321 1 emtica
ro 6 jl ... W
India I81&
t57S. MICKOI.O-MA. . Br. MlraotoMA
32l2sagitttum H. AT. arrow-leaved 1. 1_> cu 3 Aiclrptadc.
jl.au G.p ..p.G.12.
H. 1775.
t57<t SARCOSTEM'M . . Br. Saecos-temmsArc/riaA:e.
112. 1731.
'
3313 viminil . JC twisting
ICDcu 6 jl
W ESp.Indien
sea
n.t'MiA
.
i)u.
Arclepiadra'.
Sp.
I
l
321* tenu . A'.
smooth.lcaved i. or 3 jl.au W E Indi 1777.
581.
CYNAN'CHUM.
acute-leaved
Br. Cmm
Sj>. 1150.15Ki
3215
acutum
.
Jl or 3 Ascltpiadcte.
jlau.9 W
Siiain
S2II1
mon<|.el|.ii
uin
..
Montpelicr
14
3
I't
S.
1596.
3217 rrassifolium . . obtuse-leaved i. l_J or 3 ... Europe
H. 181&
3218
pilsum . .. officinal
hairy
^ l_J or jn-i W C. G.G. H.
1726.
3219 vincetxicum
\V Europe 159a
1596.
my.an
my.au YW Europe
3220 siblricum
nigrum ../V. y?llou>.owcrcd ?t or 2 jn.au
S.Siberia
Europe 1598,
3221
jl.au
G
1775.
3222 medium . .
mv.au GW
i
jl.au
W. Indies 180.3.
jl.au
180t.
3225 viridiflrumn.
ad GG Trinidad
E Indies 1814.
582.
OXYSTEL/MA.
B.Br.
Oxvstelma.
Atclrptdeis.
S/i.
12.
32SS esculntum Br. esculent
cu
... Y E Indies 1816.
583.
Gvmnema. ^Dnr Atclcpiadcic. V. 14.
3227OYMNE'MA.
sylvestre Br.. .netted-leaved
8
Gr Ceylon 181o.
584
Calotropis.f or Atelcpiadcv. Sp.
.J28CAI.OTROPIS.
prcera . . . .
bell-flowered
6
jl.i
W.p
1714.
32211 gigantea . A'. curled-flowered LJ or 6 jl.i W.p Persia
E Indies UM.
585.
DlSCHIliI
.
.
DncnMi.
Asclepiadrtc.
Sp.
12.
32. bcngalcnsis Coteb. Bengal
. or \ ... W India ISIS.
588. XYSMAIATRIUM. . X . .' .i :
3231 undultum . Al waved-leaved a. i J cu 1 JlAtclrpiadex.
Gr C.SpG.12.
H. 1741.
587.
GOMPHOCAR'PUS.
.
.
Atclepiadcce.
S/iG.34.
3212 arboreweii . ', bma.l-lc.4ved - 1 1 or 5 d
W
ITH.
C.
H.
I .i .. A'. curled-leaved
1771.
Willow-leaved .. L_J
I 1 or
or 51 Jljn.i YW C.G.H.
C.
G.
H.
1714.
ASCLE'PI
AS.
Br.
Swaluiw-wort.
Asclcpiadear.
Sp.
1565.
tyrtaca If. PA. Phytolacca-liko5
Virginian i 4 jl .IL. IM N. Amer. 1
m55 phytnlaccoldes
jl.au Pu
i It".
oval.leaved 5 ror 33 jl.au
Pu N.
N. Amer.
Amer 1412.
1732,
3213
i 3909
3912
Class V
r.m Bot. reg. 435

Lp Bur.zeyl.L83.f.l
s.l.Lp WU
Ab leg
ph. t1. 134
tif.2
- 1 Jac. sell. I. 1 38
r.m Alp. ig. 490
p.1 Jac. ic 1. t 54
D Tre. eh. 41. 1 82
Jac ic. 8, t 349
1) CO
p.!
Bot reg.
DD utsi Flor.
dan.Ill849
I) s.1 Bot
mag. 2190
I) Mur. gott 2 t. 7
l.p
rep. 5I.
410
l.p Bot
Bot rep.
Lp Bot mag. 1929
D 5.1 Rox. cor. 1. 1 11
Lp WiL ph. 1. t5.C3
s.1r.m Bot.
Bot. reo.
reg. 271
58
s.1 Un.tram.l2.tl5
p.1 Comm. rar. t IG
i.p
Jac. sch.rar.1. 11 5017
pip.l Comm.
Hot mag. 16L8
) Black, t 521
I)I) ol TOI. cl. t 97. f 30
3994
14
Hittory, Ulf,
Fropagation,
CuJtvre,The name was suggested to Mr. Brown
57.,
Cryptodegia.
From
nrtrrm,
concealed,
and
m-n,
a
covering.
by
the enclosuregenera.
of the corona within the
tube of the
corolla, and its not being exposed
view,theascircumstance
in the other ofneighbouring
576.
Hmudemnu.
From
isu#i*t
half,
and
is-ust,
a
bandage
;
In
allusion
to the incomplete
coherence
of (lie
anthers
Cuttings
root readily
in sand inwithheal-the stigma, by which the genus is principally distinguished from Pcrinloca.
1
577.
Stramtnv.
The
meaning
of
this
word
is
very
obscura
None
of
the
explanations
which
hare
been
offered of it are even tolerable. Culture as in Periplora.
r .,. v""ro/<WM- From *(,, small, and Aiuas, a fringe but the application is unexplained by the author
mM cl,mlng
shrubs,flesh,
with and
opposite
leaves
and interpetlolar
sa!-7ocorooal
1"""''
r. processes.
rm",A
rrom sam
r<w*,
acrown;
on accountumbels,
the thick succulent nature of
the
w^LS^1
D*?mia
ajipears
to
be
an
Arabic
name.
It
haslieen
applied
by
ForskAhl to a qiecies of Asclepias
Sir- s"V"IrA,"n'
A genus
twining
n'tinn
Fromofvw*.
a dog,plants,
and , to strangle. A word having the same meaning and api
fil.
m
CsWeywansV
This
is
a
genus
of
low
shrubs
and
herbaceous
planta,
for
the most ]irt twinmg, and all
oli?,,' ru,lure and propagation.
^/. From tfr;, sharp, and riAuss, a crown ; the corona being verv much jiointcu.
a > : nuked, and * a thread, or, in botanical language, stamen ; in allusion to
Osuu II.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
19
SieTVcoijknown specie*
3P Spike, axillaryimbricated. Leaves elliptical obtuse
hairy
panided,
Leaves lanceolate
ill FVwtnraiolh,insideCorymbs
few-flowered
axillary. elliptical
Leave* linear
without V
1*m*ngiitate pubescent, Limb ofthe corolla acute
E1JSumtwiningperennial leafless
HUStemtwining shrubby, Leave* cordate acute, Flower* hairy at edge
151
oratecordate
acute.
ofcor.
oblong
3S16Learnrmitorm
contracted
end with
|Segment*
lanceolate,
Segm.smooth,
of cor.obtuse
lanceolate
obtuse
Learncordate orate
obtuse atfleshy
a little point
Crown
10-cleft
a* long a* corolla
18
LesTennile
acute
and
calyxes
hairy,
Crown
10-cleft
as
long
as
corolla
cba_.
SS19Stem erect, Howcrs beardless. Partial stalk* ofumbel twice a* long as common *talks, Lron j-iooca
0Stem
riimhint
upwards,
Fl.
bearded,
Partial
stalks
ofsimple
umbel
scarcely
longer
than
common
stallt
tl
Lealanceolatelinearoppositeand
three together,
Stem decumbent
SMStem
twiningupwards,
Corollas
beardless,
Stalks
ofumbel
divided.
Corona
5-lobed
iSJ
Learnoolong
cordateheart-shaped
acuminate mucronate.
wavy, UmbelaUmbels
axillary
pcolifernua
R.4Stem
hairy. Leaves
axillary
KSLearncordate
orate acuminate, Umbels
simple aollUry,
Partialproliferous
flower-stalk* longer than common one
2Cor..mothrotate, Raceme* axillary, Leaves linear lanceolate veiny
Lara roundedoratenetted rwbe*centbeneath, Flower* in umbel*
Segment, ofcor. spreading
s-'!*pniiiuofcor.
reflexed involute
Lares thick fleshyovate
El Lear essUc oblonglanceolate wavy smooth, Umbels lateral, Petals ciliated
fi Lesr orateoblong smooth obtuse with a point
*arrordatelanccoUte
lanccoUtesmooth
wavy hispid
U*mlinear
_SF^_
beneath,
Umbela
' *,1 -- "Wong....ovalpaler
downy
beneth
323t
fcnimU used mrtead of ihc Vaccine Ichor,

I)which
eniid
.Ukiy.
tWMcf.fM
""'"a
"'ng
o.ef ,,'^. nd .V'i
. f" nccount
or ,hcmim(
the miiiiiti
ery large i thee
X. grandiorum
m' M
aar
-bit. A genu, rcembllng A.clepla, | habit, but
-I,- u i ""ê* name ortl
'Jo^t'!"""
'"'.
arecliarm.thetravellcr,
readily propagated
byeapeci
iced,
u " "WW ol Tffi 2 * recoTred with S? S ;. ,?
"
t0M" ! Sr^SS
0
bringing away worin. The root
196
PENTANDKIA DIGYNIA.
32S8 irtiqnirsccns W. purple
jl.au
3239
variegta IV.IV. variegated 54 orW 34 jl.au
3240 alba
curassvicn
5 or 3 jai
Mtf
5
or
3
jn.e
3241 nivea .
Almond-leaved 5-"y i AJ ror 3 jl.s
3242
parviflra
.
small-flowered
3 jl.o
3243
incarn.ta
IV.
flesh-colored
3244 puIchra W.em. hairy
S5 or
or 22 jl.au
3245
decmbens
IV.
decumbent
5
or
2 jl.au
jl.au
32*6
vcrticillta
IV.
whorl-leaved
J[
or
32 jl.au
3247 longimlia
Ph.
long-leaved
-V or
jl.au
324
tubcrea
IV.
tuberous-rooted
or
2
jLi
5249 Linaria iV.
Flax-leaved
iAJ or 2 ...
589.
GONtTLOBUi*
3250
hirstusMich.Mich. R.Br.smooth
hairyGomolobc.
3251
uevis
3252
subcreus
Cork-twrkcd
3253 crisniflriui
discolor . H.M.... Virginian
3254
curled-flower
3255 diademtu* Ker. red-crowned
t59a
Br. PekullariaW 2
325fiPERGULA'RIA.
odoratissima //. A'.R.large
32.77
minor
H.
K.
small
_Lf_ LJ
3258 sanguinolenta bind, bloody
691.
MAUSDE'NIA.
R.
Br.
.
3259
erecta R. Br.R. Br. sweet-scented
upright
32HQ suavolens
-- 1L_J
litft
|59&
HO-YA.
Br.
HoYA.
32l carnosa T. Br. fleshy-leaved
SfitS
Hort. lanceolate
9263 lancenlta
crassirlia
thick-leaved
32fi4
Pottsii Hort.Haw. cordate
3265 trinrvie Hort. three-nerved
593.
.
Boxb. Cnoraui*.
3266
dichtoma
327 ji'incca
Roib.Haw. dichotomous
shy
326 africana Hort. African
*594.
STAPK'MA.
R.Br.
Staprua. .
329 spectbilis
grandiflora Mass. great-tiowered
3270
grandiflora Haw.
. M. showy
3271
IV.
ambiguous
3272 ambigua
soriiria IV.cn.
3273
intua
W.Haw.
en.
spreading
3274
reflxa
_
3275 Juvucula
lucida D. .IV. en. reflexeti
shining
.. ]I cu
cu
3276
bhort-Howered
cu
3277 Massnii Haw.
Masson's
n_
cu
3278
Asterias
IV.
SUr-fish
]
cu
3279
stellris
Haw.
starry
.
~~) cu
aira
hirsutaJaco.IV.
hairy
3
cu
dark-flowered
3281 hamta Jacq.
hooked
_
cu
3.V
nta
Jac\
shaggy
ti. ^3
cu
multifi..
~~\
3283
IV IV.D. C. -flowred
rusty-brown .. 3
3284
pulvinte
cushioned . |
3250
1732.
1597.
lii
1806.
1806.
1732.
1809.
1741.
1812.
1784.
1790.
1822.
Clam V.
D tul Dil.
ct. t. 23.118?f. 3]
Bot
SSD p.1
r.m
Bot mag
reg. SI
r.m
D p.l
Bot
mag.
r.m
eel. 250
t1181
28
p.! Jacq.
Bot, reg.
DD1) p.l
p.l
P1) p.1
i-l Pl. ma. t. 336. 3
reg. 76
D il Bot
D 1.1 Cav. ic. 1. 1 57
Lp Bot cab. 365
p.1
Lp D. eL t 229.f-296
p.l
s.p Bot
PL ic.mag.
1 216.1273 1
s.p Bot reg. 252
r.m
Bot rep.
US755
r.m
r.m Bot
Bot mag.
mag. ~
...
History, Use, Pmjxigation, Culture,
ImtarTlpcSâ PVVdpr' " 0 used the negroea as a vomit, and hence it* name of wild or
McdVswan^^
because it was formerly esteemed an alexipharmick ; and U H
589. GonohAuZ
- fi\nc,ed
ambiance
of the follicles or seeds to a swallow Hying.The genus consists
chiefly
of
climbers
nf
ii.n
\'VEt
Vm!
mea,linR
5-0 Pefntari? ofJlU,e **1 but easy culture.ot this word have not been explained.
1
climbing
gPnussandmurhv't
the plants
are very
is
rot ft^Wi,,
m Irr -, h iTfM/*
7 l,h0 trellis-work,
of which
its flowers.'
It grows
well proper
in loam forandcovering.
peat, andThis
cuttings
. So named by Mr. R. Brown, after William Manden, riq. the uthor of the rdletf
Oll) .
FENTANDIUA DIGYiNIA.
3iSaniimvlc,
rrvate
viltom
tancath.Umbels
Umbelssulwessilc,
prert, Nect
reeuplnatcdowny
SLeavesovaterugose naked, Stem simple,
Flower-stalks
33Lovestalked taweolate smooth shining, Stem simple, Umbels erect solitary lateral
11 Leves ovate-lanceolate smooth, Stem simple. Umbels erect lateral solitary
1
1*37 lanceolate
bnrenbte acuminate
smooth
narrowed
at base,
KU 1*
smooth, Stem
divide!
upwards.
UmbelsStemerecthalfshrubby
in pairs erect, Umbels lateral solitary
Lewes villous.
lanceolateStempubescent
beneath, Stem divide.! upwards, Umlsels erect in i>airs
14i Lestes
decumbent
W
11 lilllllllandhVisill
in lines,
leaves
narrow linear
mostly ofcrown
whorled without Horns
rai erect
decumbent
verybrandies
long
linearatvervend.
pubescent,
KStem
hairv withleaves
spreading
LeavesAppendages
scattered lanceolate
hairy
MLeave* linearsubulate channelled, Umbels stalked nodding : lateral many-flowered
M Runnerssraoothish,
Runnersandlea&talksleaves
very hairy,
Ln
aciim.acute
by degree* perceptibly hairy on both side,
Foil, muriealcd
551
conical
cordate
lurescordateacuminate
with
the sinus
open by degrees, blowers and foilides
smooth , .
MB Leavescordate,
Corymbs
axillary,
Common
flower-stalk
longer
than
the
leafstalks
Cor.
discolored
thesinus
closed,cordate,
Petals crisp
Leaveoblongcordate
Villous, Leavesoblongwith
elliptical
lanceolate
Crownat atendbottom of tube
!eaves cordateacuminate,
shorter
tubeasofcor.
j-pLearocordateobtuse
with CaL
a point.
Cal.than
as long
tube ofcor.
LeavesovateUne. very smooth, Cymesshorter than leaves, Sap blood-colored
3jpStem
Icives
acute, Cymessmooth
umlsellate,
Flowers
beardedOriflee bearded
WStem erect,
hat
erect,cordate
Leavesovate
oval-lanceolate
veinless,
Tubenotinflated,
ves
ovate.
Flowers
bearded
- ves otwvatc
ovate-lanccohtc
acutethick
small
0Leaves
obtuse very
cordate
So Leavesoblong slightlv conbte at base with 3 distinct nerve*
'.':'}^mt
Jointed roundeil.
Leaves-flowered,
linear acute
m
Utves"PriRht
lanceolate
Peduncles
>
lr
smooth withsessile,
anedge.
Peduncles
simple, Stem
Calyxfleshy
very smooth
1 L r.idtflmtkwball. double : the outer with the ligules united at bate; inner with the appendvoted
ujmard*
into
a
beak,
downward*
expanded
( lane,
.)
S
quadrangular clvate: angies with remote incurvedinto
teeth,a wing.
Seg. nfcor.
acute fringed at edge
'-.fimeniiofcor.
strinedwithpalefringedwithwtiitecovered atbase with very close long red hairs black at end, beyond mid.
r rirmrhc spreading
erect *"anB-iang.
claT- Angles
Aftfe*toothed,
toothed Teeth
rem. incurv. Cor.
large flat withCor.lane.
hisp.color,
seg. vil.
(Ving, atmiddle
edge
; 1 "r n.t [ il rilase above
in mid. hairy
otherwise remote
smooth,acute
Beakincurved,
sub. ac Wingswhole
obi. out
l-tooth.in inside
3- p
*nh inner process recurved ungutculate, Top ofstyle Impressed with the mark of
KR
"itt '"J0"1"
5 *
vclvel,<
T*h erect,
Disc,
ofgibb.
fis. shining
with ovate-acum.
revolute
ciliatedseg.
"T KUBra
crosswise,
Beaks
subul.
liguleshairy
lane, acura.
Bran, fl.-bearing
about
the mid.
Ttr
k-Tmlt'W'tner
large equal
sidedTeeth
with short
flat pubescent
angles
!
J
erert
*4Uare
toothed.
erect,
FL
large,
Segm.
lane
ciliated
revolute
at edge
;j ?w m ctutciliated
tpT:iM Mid
10
06
cultivated
in
the
gardens,
but
of
which
nothing
is
known
hairy all over the disk, Beaks subulate acute with a broad acute wing at the back
Sl riVtn\Ii0,e ab0"hsir* m
One or more teeth hooked. Wings parallel with erect beake
s tatKssfTS
wL m 4Wy<Urkin rolor
mid of,llc
Serm- ateowen
first deflexed
spreading,
Wings obi. trunc crcnulatc
^
whichBranches
areafterwards
clustered
notwith
solitary
uics recimate,
r arum'Segm. offL rounded
""ear bine,rugose
wavy.
erect and
square
erect
teethclosely hairv
acuminate ciliated:
Ihe bottom
elevated
ssjM>vw> 3271
'\3280,3
.'. and "2.

,M%f
!hc fruiL
'
i SUpd, . pl.y.ic, 0,1,
200
3285
flsslroetris
3286
conclnna
W.Jaoq.W.
3S87
glanduliflra
32S8glandu.fera
S289acuminta
W.Haw.
3290 hispidula Horn.
321
apcrta
W.
3295 ramn W.
3293
W. W.
3294 rida
incarnta
3295 parviflra W.
329fipilfera
3297
Cordoni W..f.
3298 mammillari*
$3299
IV.JAuft
HSOO articulate
gemmiflra
$3301
stfgia
-.
3302 mote/tata
hircsa ViHaw.
$33S
W.
3301 vtula
Siineii
.
oclua .W-M.*53305
3306 rugosa
punicuUta IV. en.
CtASS V.
PENTANDIUA DIGYNIA.
Jac.
1
1815. 1il Mass.
C. O.U. H.
split-beaked
B.B.
H.
Masi stap.
stop, 1t. 1819
sprucc
1
1716.
G.
H.
f;land-flowered
.Ia.l Mail 15. 1 17
H.
lairy-glanded BB.B1796.
...G..
H.
acuminated
182l! il Mass. stop. 1 37
G.
H.
hispid
1795. il Mass. stap. 1 32
.C. G.G. H.
open-flowercd
1795.
H.
1795. ilil Mass.
branched
C.
G.
H.
Masi top.
stap. t.1 334
dry
-3
1791
C.. G.G. H.
Maas.
stop.
1 3523
flesh-colored
.
il
1795.
.Gr
H.
stop.
email-flowered
.
1790. ilil
DY.Br
P C.C. G.G. a
Mass.
stop, t.tLU
hairy-tubercledB.
H.
Bur.
afr.27.
il
Gordon's
1774 il Masi stap. t.30
Br C.CG.
G. H.
prickly
177*.
a
Mass.
stop.
t.
la
jointed
1795. il
e.G.
a
gem-fiowered
B.:'B1810. ilil
e.G.
a
Stygian
... e.G.
stap.
ic.
fnu&tty
il Jac
c. g.g. a
a
j jmy.n
jn.au Br.Pu
stapc. tl
atinking
;il' Mass.
1793.
iva
D.Pu
c.
a
Bot.
roag.
123
pur. emoolh.-ft. a.w.
aoo.
I my.n D.PU c. g. a
Sinu's
tp. c. ic
1805. U
wrinkled
.bTTJcu
""Jeu j jn.s V S. G.
resided
a 1805. il
.Z-Jcu J inn DF C.G.R 179 il Bot. mag. 1007
3307 diTaricSta W.
straddling
3308 pfilchra
Haw.
fi:]30U
rrorta
W.
5.1U
verrucosa
|
rorHua KFT.W.en.
53312
pulchUa
.3313
53314 lpida
ciiita JO*.
f.
beautiful
Sulph.B.n-r^
_3 c"
dewy
wart-flowered
B.
dew-bcar'ing
B. i J
beautiful
pretty
.
ciliated
. 13 cu
S3315
5:13LG revoluta
glauca W.W.en.
3317 pruinsa H'.
glaucoi
frosted
i au.s
i i >1'
au.o
*&
j i Jl.au
o.d
, .
YSf
wV S
v2
Y.
is
SU
CG.
r aG a
HH
CG
H
e.G.
: : hh.
&R
1800. ilil
1795
1796
il
1
i^- c ilL,
' il
1795. i
*;3*3?
I10!cab-stap. .1 08
Masi
Jac.
stap le i
MaM.8Up.t
Jac stop, c i
SAT.
-, a H. 1790 .1 Bot mag. 724
oblique-flower.
3318
obliqua
Ifen
3319
maculosaJotm.
,/(107. spotted
two-furrowed
\3320
bisulca
321 variegfita
He- Curtu't
'3322
Curtisii
Haw.
variegta ..
M. plain-flowered i323planiU>ra
5}
inarginta W.IV.en.en red-edged
wliite-edgctl
.J2.5 conspurcta
regular-epotted
.tL
5332
normalie
Jacq.
orbicular
3328bufnia
? ..rhicularieIT..
. toad
53329 aiiKUinaH.K.Haw. fiiiake-Bpeckled n.
3380plcta
twln-flowcred
tt.2cu
neat
. ZJ cu ,S c:S:11: S 8 B*
C.O.H. 1795. U Mass. av.
3333 reclinto IK
reclining
327
Use, Propagation,
Culture,
ThisHistory,
is a genus
of singular
plants,
without
leaves,am1
dm ^ brlW
montator
ltU4,Hflowers
eat and
and on
someThcoplirastuH,
of'them
With
Urge
in 'egertg
proportion
to
the
plant,
aurions
flit,
some
of
them
with
dibiigret-'ably. They arc mostlv nativo of the deserts Afriia, and have been chictij aisto*-
Os; t.; II.

PENTANDIUA DICYNIA.
=nnpidile niRO Kabroui ciliated. Beaks halfsplit
. Flower fiat_hiep.d
t-*-"
BniKhH^l^hiebupnKhtHiureoiilteiinoDth,
Angle
toothed,
Teeth erect,
MBruchemany
etat
square,
Angl
toothed,
Teeth
erect
acute,
for.
covered
with
clvate
glanda
rCor,
erjTilluui iberecti-comcred
with white roatubtetoothed,
hair*. Ligules
minutesmooth
rhomboid-oblong
entire caudate
m
ErwhrtewaJ
Flower
Segments
SiOIWuoc.asrq;.
ni much longerthan
cor. Segm.
acum.fiatflathispid
withrugose,
clvate
hairs, Beaks
suhul connivmg
K>I
Bnorheaany
divaricating
square
toothed,
blower
with
ovate
obtuse
rugose
segments
&hBrache
miDjerectsquare
toothed,
Flowersacute
clustered
sessile,
Segm.
lane,stalked,
acute folded
back
erect
square
with
spreading
teeth,
Flowers
solitary
Segm.
sotace
AM
Braheerectsquaretoothed.
Teeth
spreading
acute,
Flowers
sessile,
Segm.
lane
flat
SS
Briochereperd
squirt
toothed
recurved,
Flower
small,
Segm.
narrow
flat
spreading
fringed
at
M Brancheand
RnwbaletenlbnnchieU
roundedrounded
furrowedtubcrcled
tubercledspiny,
hairy.Flowers
Flowersolitary
solitarylarge
sessile10-clcft
ST
Cor
imooth,
Seg.
lane.
FL
stalks
shorter
than
cor.
Branches
flowering
in
mid.
ti-i
S^'JanttofbrincbeiobL
nett
"'
at
Brwhe! etertpink
,round,
with
m
C.rugosedarkwith
hairs,ne
fiCor.ciliatedrouph
beneath,
erectwith
3-parted
: middle
lanceol
longer than side*
M Bnnrtet euljerectabove
squaredotted
smooth,
Cor. ligules
fiat imooth
lanceolate
obtuse
segments
oibfjochesrounded, Fis. closed ventricose with 5-nerved ov. acum. seg. Beaks split open
Mdepressed5ermite
in thecircumference.
Beaks
and wings
rounded
Tube ofcor. .
JiALe.
pirtel (U hairy warted ,
Appendage* obtuse
obscurci*
t/w.-i
obtuse,
|t r.i&flnthMbaU. Lgula not

urucheiseveral
D
gibboat, butsmooth
tooth, narr, by dcg. Cor. very s
m
hj. divaricat
\1 Or. xdtftwitkabalL Lints* ---'
"
min'elevated
aiCor.
Dottom
-- erect
.wiwithSS
loomed,
Teeth spreading
acute
crossing,
flat
| S
i
*
bottom
Benches S
many
acute crossing
teeth. Cor.
flat wart,
in therugose,
middleSegm.
into lane,
a roughacute
table
_JS*^wftcamp
imooth dotted
even teeth,
at bottom,
Segm. ofouter
crown
ob. emarg.
Innera hooked
2-lobed
Brioche
lverai
reclnate
with
acute
Ft
clustered,
Segm.
triangular
acute
with
round
centre
m
mMete,
Beaksrounded
obtuse,
Wings
conical
subulate
acute
spreading.
Ligules
rctuse
" CWffl irith tpresding teeth, Flower stalked, Segm. ovate scaly ciliated
^to bbftrtfiarvitknobalL Ligulet eoimate ai bate. Appendageslengthenedintolong beak with short
Rimteeth,(*..
S
erwt withfringed
Preading
Cor. smooth,
Segments
ciliatedwith
acuterounded
revolutoangles
-'' .i!.t *4re1**
revolute.
Beaks
clvate, .)
Branches square
lT"T*"
toothed,
Teeth
recurved,
Segm.
ofcor.
flat ovate
hairy Appendagei produced into long
U Cor.Sdeff, sat* a large ball in fe eUte. Lignes comtmV
a/ base.
Cr* <jj. "mootn>
b*nii, and subulate
orfiliform
Haw.)
SISTT?
bentwings,
obliquely,(Guam.
Marginal
fringe clvate white and viotet
wing,Segm.
n ovatc-acumin.
5C tSk -"ami
iEi"- ""
unoed
obtuse, Ligules trifld, Cor. fiat beneath frii *
WSd "o' ^,'raStfCR? f' n,oulh
I with entire Hi
ing, Ugiilc
bifid, Cor. flat beneatl,
i52Stffi-*
u,
- outer subul;itoi(lhl.i.
<i**, *lrndrt, .?
1| lni.k_.
es
ter,,!
.
m
ISOUc
""-"-ten,,
<"
San
Uoni(TOd recIinato (p^ ^lA. /w.)
ta,
^">.
ratai h,.rh,h'B
by the Hottentots
and bj the
Dutchother
Mtledwriter.
at the*s.e
*

W.
3334 elcgan;
lrtrtla
W.w..en.
radiati H.
JjicquiniJ. 8L
; radala
deflexa J. S.
PENTANDRIA D1GYNIA.
C. G. FL
tL ZD i A,i iL'
elegant
iny.au
Pu .C. G.G. H.
ny.r
tutted
small hairy Bi 1.8 Pu C. G. H.
H.
starry
''
Pu e.G. a
Jacquin's
CG.
H.
dellcxed
slZJCU 1 inu
Class V.
Pot,
1795. .1 Mass.mag.
BtJLp.c.11S4
tffl
17
Jar.
stap.
.
Hot etap,
mag. c.fiaic.ic.
17
Jac
isfi.
1806. .1 Bot. mag
Ilr.P C, G. H. 1700. 8.1 Bot mag. 793

a.- Z3
4,33.19
pedunrulata
W. long-pedunclcd
jn.au
sawed
5 cu
cu ii )"
jn.ai P C. G. H. 1SI i.O. .I Jac stap. 1.
3340
eerrulla
iV.
en.
Asclepiadete.
595MilP1ARANTHUS.
Br. PiA.sNTm.
e.1e.1 Bot
C.Sp.23.
G. H.
Jau.8
Mass.mag.
stap.1648t24
Br.. Br. II. many-flowered
. 3
jl.n D.Pu
D.Pu C. G. H.
9 pUu.
puncttm
dotted
ZJ J Asclc]>iad?ir.
So. 911.
mag. IgS
si Bot.
596.
HUER'NIA.
. if. nc,l,,eV
. . ZZ2 cu Jjl.au '" So.
mag.
1*27
3343
reticulta ib.
8.1s.l Bot
C.C. G.G. H.
H.
Y.St
Mass.
etap-506
13
-
teampanulta
bell-shaped
179.
H.
Y.St
n. 7~1 cu ii in.jl
Bot
mag.
531 venusta Wore
handsome
8.1
1795.
C.
G
H.
Y.St
Mass.
etap
t4
jU
8.1
17!l">.
S346 lentiginsa Haw. freckled
.
G.
H.
Y.St
f
au.n
Mass.
stip.
-B.3cu
""j CU A au n Y.St e.G. h. 1795. 8.1 Bot. cab. 225ta
red-spotted
&W
guttat
Hnt.
humble
8.1
1805.
3348
humilie
.
Y.St G H. 1795. S.1 Mass. stap. 1 7
tube-flowered tt.. 1I cuCU aJ au.n
S349tubta
ir.cn.
au.il W.St C.C. G.G. H.
S.1 Jac. stap. 1
bearded
3350 barbta
Hate.
H.
cu
monstroui n-fx. ZU
crispa
Haw.
ZU cu * jLn YSt C.Sp.G.1. H. 1795. si
clubbed
3351
clavigera
Ham.
Asclepiadra:.
587.
R Br. !
1821. 8.1 Bot reg. 722
3352BRACHYSTEL'MA.
tuberosum . Br. tuberous
_l cu jnjl Pu ..
Sp.
2.
6983353CARAI.I.U'MA.
Br.
Caballuha
180*. 8.1 Roxb.cor.1. t30
E.E. Indies
adscndens . Br. ascending n. Z2 cu 2 jl
Indies 1804. 8.1
tL Z3 cu ...
3354 umbcllta . Br. uinbcUcd
I15. al ma. D m.8 Eng. bot 1441
Felwort. 6 or 1 Gfnliaitfie.
jl.au Pu Sp.England
599. SWERTIA, If. marsh
3355 pernnis IK.
28110.
Mm.
let139
GltVl'IAN. ' * Gtmliaactt.
jn.jl Y Sp...
ALorGur.lSS
DI> p.l
tfiOO. GENTIA'NA. yellow
Hot aus.
rep.
J"t.
p.lpi Jac.
3358
ltea
W. W
purple
L
e
AI.
ofEur.
...
D
3357
purpirea
J. auR.5 1.2.a|>p.28
round-petalled
i
or
1.
DfEur.1775.
I>
p.l
3358
pannnica
W.
Bot mag.
1229
spottetl.flowcr'd^tS A oror
S359
mag.
1078
IB Persia
Austria 1
1629. DD p.l
p.l Bot
3360 punctata
eeptmfldaFf.Pall. crested
Pall.aus.
roes.2.
Swallow-wort-l.i
or
D.B
SiU'ria
1796.
D
p.1
3361
asclepiadca
W.
Jac.
4.
t.t96
Ji*
long-leaved
^t
or
D.B
Austria
1596.
D
p.1
3362
macrophiila
f.
Bot.
magIS"
Cross-wort
P.Y
N.
Amer.
1803.
D
p.1
3363
crucita
W.
pale-flowered
3t
or
Bot
mag.
6
N.
Amer.
1X12.
I)
pi
SSfrt ochroleiica
Bot mag. 10J9
flesh-colored i3t A aror
N.
Amer.
77& D1> pi
3365
incarnta
.W.Frl.
/. barrel-flowered
Bot
rep
N.
Amer. moi.h.
1803.
pi
3366
Saponria
Eng.
bot 418
2010*
Catesby's
. or
-!|7
t
itoslvc
1
"
i-mi.i'i
England
JJ
p.l
3367
Catesbre'i
H.
.
Bot. mag.
336 Poeumonfathe W. CalathinnViclet^^
A or
Caucasus
1804.
D
pi
B.mag705.b,2
Silieria
1799.
I)
pi
Caucasian
,mu9
caucasen
//.
.
Pall.roes.tSi'-1
3t A oror
Siberia
1807.
3370 adscntlens IV. porcelain-flow,
Pall.rose.2.t!15
three-lowered
Siberia
1808. I)DU p.l
pi
3371
triflora
Pall.
narrow-leaved Wi A oror
Wales walls.
p.l Eng.botlai
3372
lgida
Pall.
Eng.
bot 493
dwarf
England
moun.
D
p.1
3373
lie
W.
VilLdelpIliL
itr
or
epring
Germany
1775. I)I) p.1
337*
vrna
W. W.
Eng. bot 8i
i oror
vanan
Scotland
scalp
s.l
337f>
bavarica
Rmall Alpine
Canary IsL ... S e.1 Bot mag. 1
7
clammy
Kl
3377 nivalis
vintsa W.
//. K.
334i
Hislory, Ute. Propagat
"ng"t'o
best thrive
soil tooeoer
,
.richerSweet,
soil, "the
they will
v..uc,
r..L
larger
crs
;
nut
inen
iney
art
*<:.,
^'"'^
'
h
...
|t
mav
IX'
given
'"".;...,
too
much
water: icrea.l
little
water serves
except
whento """"n*tl"ve
u^hey l^n toihnvl ..
They
are readilv
bv cuttings,
whichthem,
should
be laid
the toit,^,1'l!
then planted
in" poll tliey will
rout immediately.
If planted
as soon asin taken
oll, w ft,f, r juice, they an.
likely
rot (Brt. Ott.
59. toPiaranV,,,,.
From109.)
-.<, fat, and >, a flower, on accountf rof ihr
Ihc (losliv
llcsliy nature
naiurt of the corolla. 1"'
fpecies
are only artiticiallv
distinsinshed
from Stapelia
-ele, nave
have the same appca"'
^16. Hacrnia.
Named after
Justus Huemius,
an obscure iKitanisl, li e species
OlDM II.
PENTANDRIA DfGYNIA.
SSt
Eradw
moil
clusteredoblong
toothed. with
Sepa,spreading
ofcor. S-angular
hispidSog.fringed
edge back fringed203
IBS durtered procumbent leumere
acute teeth,
ofcor.atfolded
St*tanche
conical acute
teeth, Segm.
distant
folded back naked
SiC*.
with dustered
itg. refl.pubc*
atshort
edgeinwith
and
simple
hairs,all.
Bottom
rounded
I-ig. falcate
MiCtf. rugo*uliat
midd.fringed
Seg. with
revolutc
at edge
bent down,
Beakselevated,
subuL \Vinge
scarcely
any
SMw.bWtmtmibaU. Ligvles not connate at bau, spreading. Appendageselongated into a bifid rostrum,
with globosefungous
tint. (Cahuncclakia.
Haw.)rev. at edge with fringed angles
BSRoKhaiwenl dim. 4-com.
toothed,
of cor.
ttBnacbMrtoagjointed,
Peduncles
twin,Ped.Cor.verylong,
revoluteSeg.
at edge
withlane,
wings and lobes serrated at enit
1 Jointii<omeredtoothed,
SU-coraertderect with spreading
of cor. lanceolate silky above
Flowersprickles,
fascicled,Flower
Segm.sessile
ofcor.clustered,
lanceolateSegm.
papillose
icaroered
toothletted,
Cor.by clvate
with 10horizontal
angles, Tube
inside
and elevated
Intodark
a ball
StHC.Mapuulaleclosed
atbottom
hairs.bearded
Ligules
spreading
truncate
3Ai
**imd5-comered,
Young
branches
very
much
spreading,
Cor.
10-cleft,
Tube
smooth
**C.
Kitoothid, Alternatesimple
segments obsolete,
BranchesThe5-comered
withhoriiontal
hooked tubercles
*; lor.Knareitbottom,
above glaucous,
teeth of spreading
the branches
BnncheKmalt-5angularspreading,
Cor.
rounded
10-cleft,
Segnx alternately longer, Flowers solitary
**
Brwchatimple
verythick4--comered
with
very
large
teeth
bw Bnnebascierai4--cor. dust, nearly erect, Teeth ofbranches a
SSI Cor. dottedinside;
-> Cor. campanul. lOLdeft
* dotted 0uteide, Beak- gibbou,, Shield tow with 5 cmargiliate .ob
11
SS"1'110^*-comcred
long slender
Flowerswith
segmentsheads
tipped with purple
m
clutteredt-conicredshort
thickascending.
erect, Flowers
inclose terminal
SCor. Weft, Peduncle i-comered, Stemundivided, Radical leaves oval
^S'
^J^tewhorled,
Whorls
cymosc, CalyxesCal.spathaceous,
leaves
broad ovate
ffiir 732.
"mPanull'cdotted
in streakswhorled.
membranous
spathaceous
2JJ*campanuUle
much
dotted
whorled,
CaL
coriaceous
truncate
Sfftf"!cami,a1'^
much dotted
whorled, segmenU
CaL membr.torn,truncated,
I-obc* shorterthantube
ofcal uticq.
61
S .Tf^nlrTlt,rm W-ehft,
Intermediate
Leaves cruciate
inerved
[- 4? i "mPfliulate opp. axillary subscssilc. Leaves stern-clasping ovate-lanceolate
SB3
C
4>uft
*"'
*
h"neil
Radical
loaves
as
long
as
stem
which
is
naked
beneath
ft i 2 *eslc.
'^("leratwiform
subsessile,
Imsc lanceolate
s1*nailul
Cor. 10-cloHwhorled
ventricse
acute,Stem
Alt. two
segm.edgenarrowed
shorterentire,at Leaves
ft*!! If , ,rrm,Ml tub-shaped

with anventric.
unequalclosed,
lacerated
llavessmaller,
uval Lvs. ovate lane.
SSsgTV"MMI
tor. 10-cleft
Altmouth,
segm. fringed
SttCar - .X* ,WO H'-cleft, tmmnil1
Segm. altern,
unequallysUlked,
bitid andLeaves
tom, linear
Lvs. remoteoppos.
Sc"tuft?1D,,,u,ecnl,laU
:,ni1 nxilbrj
obtuse and tenate
^^Jimrn
V**ntheardSeg.
ovate,
CaL
trunc.
with
cq.
subul.
teeth,
Lvs.
ov.lanc.
M long
branches
-*1( rm i c,,'"u',ltnlbetwii-ntliefeg]neiits. Cal. 3-tOOthed openingon oneside,
Lvs.aslanceolate
'-^( .
55 lcnnial
c,u*ercd stalkeil
sessile, 3leaves
linearSegm.
: floral
alternate
BBCw
tT i e "1
together,
acute,
Leaveslengthened
lanceolate 3-ncrvcd
WfcS!
)'i ^ leaves
bssrvsj ovate
ovate obtuse
acute : : radical
larger than Ich
the cauline
^SCot
radicalspreading
clustered
than thccauliuo
ICht Sft
'ncL*nal11.Panic
Hmnches
alternate 1-flowcred,
Cauline Imbricated
leaves lanceolate
^ 10.,
trichotomous,
Bracte perfoliate,
I.cava
Oblong 3-nerved
,
* ******** Partear,.
'tfete.
11,1 '.n aim. ^

, . .*
' "w"' a"u,,on 10 ->b - Pm, lein "s. m nonor or En,
resemn
andPlU'arancc.
flowers in Honand,
PENTANDRIA DIGYNTA.
3378 intermedia . M. clvate
Pu N. Amer. 1890. D pl
Aor 21 jn.jl
337
glida
Bich.W.
pale-flowered
P.Y
3">80
Amarlla
autumnal
Siberia
Britain gra-pa.
ch.1JS7.Ikl SDS p.l
I
au
or
5381
campcetriH
IV. fringed
field
Pu
Britain
"or II au
33H2
ciliu
W.
.LU
S
L.B
Germany
1759. D
SScrinUa Ph.
CD or i jn.jl I ..Il N. Amer. 1804 S pi
Oil.
HYDHOT.EA.
Hydkol&a.
Convolvulcea. Sp. 16.
3384spinsa
W. thomy
Al-Jar i Jttjl P.B S. Amer. 1791. Lp
6021
FALKIA.
L.
Falkia.
ConvoltUaccar.
Sp. 1.
3386 rpetM If.
creeping
JUtAIor imy.au Pk C.. H. 1774. p.l
603.
DICHON'DRA.
K.
DlHONDBA.
Cimvoivulace.
Sp.
25.1803. rp
ljjn.au W N. S.W.
3S8<) rpeni . .
creeping
~
1 cu
lllky
3387 W.
iU 1
cu ]J jn.au W Jamaica 1793. a.p
Vi i.i-i ,
604.
Sp. 1. IGSa S
3388VKLEZIA.
rgida W. W. rigid
ijlCaryophyiJctr.
W.P Spain
60. BUMAL'DA. Th. Buxauu.
*i
three-leaved 1 1 I cu 2 jn.s ... Japan IS12. S CO
3389trirUa Th.
iGOfi. HKUCHE'HA. W. HEl CHEHA.
viscid
S30
americana /*.
IV.
1 SiTJrageir.
mv.jl l'u Sp.
N. 4G.
Amer. 1656. D
i>ul)eci'iis
1 i mv.jl
Pk.v N.
Amer. 1812.
D l.p
3392
villaa
/'A.
iny.jl
I'k
N.
3393 r*A.
1 ui> jl W N. Amer.
Amer. 1812.
1812. UD Lp
1p
607. CUSSO'NIA.
L. thyrse-flower.
Araliacea*.
Sp..2.. H. 1795. Lp
thyrsiflra
L.
|o
6
...
Gr
spictai .L.
epike-llowcred i ] G ... Gr G. H. 1789. a.1
608.
Anabasis. - | 1 w Vlicnoptxtfie. S>
3306ANA'BASia
tanwrieciflia IV.IV. Tamarisk-leav.
2 jn jl G Sjiaiu1 1752. Lp
609.
SALSO'LA.
If*.
Saltwort.
Sp. 850.
3397
Kli W. '.
prickly
O cu
Britain

rose-colored
AliaEuropeseash.
1759. SSS s.1il
3399
Soda
W.
long
neshy.lvd.
O
ce
s.
1683.
3400
Mva
W.
cultivated
Spain
3401
hinta W..
hairy
Denmark 1783.
1791. DDI> 1.1
S*2 laniflra
woolly
1797.
a.1s.l
3*0
vermirulta
IV.
1759.
S il
3404muricta fV.
Egypt 1773. S .1
Class V.
Bot. mag. 2303
Eng. bot
236
Eng.
bot. 237
Bot.
mag.
639
Bot. mag. 2031
Bot. reg. 566
Botrqi.257
Smith, ined.l.t.8
. rar. L I0J8
1. aim. .5S.C3
Thun.
Thun. ups.S.LI2
UPS.5.LLJ
Cav. le. IL 283
Eng. boL 634
Schk.ban.l.L57
Jacvind.
Cav.
ici1871.168
L291
FL
dan.
Pa.it.2.p.736LP.
Car.
le. 3. L 287
AU. taur.3.L4.C2
P.ILl.p491.tH.
Wihii.ber.Lt28
Cav.
le. 3. L S89
3386
Htitory, Use, Propagation, Culture,
JLPm&US'S! by divjdin l ,he *. but * f them ,1 freely ; the seed, sb ould 1
will not
come p tu! &TSiSr (S 4(wi"7,|7""C'
"* 4'rine
'1"''"':
. luteextensive tract
h
brown
color,
and
very
bitter
taste.
In
Switrerland
and
Germany
occupies
al [irasI the '~ 'I. ground untouched by any cattle. It was formerly used a. hop in brewing, and iis
arm and In tj ? , '-"'" ^"f
'n mclicine. The root of <;. purpurea ii a. thick as a man's
"^^J'JIL^teJ'i'?!*
- ? answer
>ub.ti.ute.fr
nil hX
"1' edging plant., and
well in Gpots.taC
WMillll
|**>
oil
" " blue
"flower?
Plnt. d leaves arc viscous, as if they
5>~SE
!',
ft
A
cry
Pretty
i.Unt
with
bright
smthcr awJS ""i.\"J?l,">lk- * "o s , died in 1774.
ofessor
of botanyfponI hi.
STSi
SdbSS'fi!
,"0"
*
""'riniVpart'
of hUamong
orlynaturalists.
.:
BirtaZ
i',
.
1
i1"
'"
only
instance
|
-ord
of
suicide
Little
. X**t*.
grain ; moncollection..
account of the double nature of the caps",cm ineonMiicuoii.
4 C, ir.n
, Li'V'1'1,'"'
"eld0m
or desircd
?
Linnicu,
in memory
Chri.toval Velelliu, examiner, first phvsician, and
l^^S^^SLtmtSSS, 4'otnc,:lric* at Madrid. A unail weed, native of the wutli of
5.at: Bologna, publish,.!
.o?d.,.ru?.r.b'idc
Montalban,
better known
name of Jea
Jean Antoine de Biimalda,
, "'V,B'l'otheca
,,"",;"; ,"
""owninunder
the
born
""^
168 and
a Den.lrohiia.
696. huccra. in memory
of Jean Henry de llotanica,
Heucher,an,l
archiater,
profesor a.ofof medicine at Wittcocig,
H.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
KSLewaderate
(Wong S-nerved,
Flowers
terminal
Cluster!,
Cor. vcntricose
openinglane. J-nerved205
r^Cor-omponulale--cleft
terminal
and Seem.
axillary
clustered,
Intermed.
segm.
torn,notshorter
leaves
SSO*.
mWIhtenforra
bearded,
lane,
acute,
Leaves
lane.
Branches
than joi"u
2M Cw. Weft,
delefthvpocratcriform
obtuse.cutOrifice
Two outer
sepals very large
(.
Segm. finely
serratedcut,finely
the bearded,
middle,
OSCet.
Weft, Segm,
Leave* inlanceolate
acute,Leave*
Stemlanceolateand
erect roundedlinear, Stem flexuoseangular
LearnUoceoUte, Flowen terminal corymbose. Capsules a little hniry
SfcAcreepingpUntwith cordate obtuse stalked leaves
Pubettent, [*emarginatc
reniform pubescentbeneath
refuse and cmarginate
*K Lamreniform
. ,
BIV onlyiper.es
A deaderbranched purple shrub
... uiuutii aoove acutely lobedtoothed, -,CaL
shortvillous,
exsertcdFet linear, Stam. ex
j*Tdigittate,
sessile wedge-shaped
truncate
Moothed,
Flowers
racemose
*laresdigittate, leaflets
Leaflets7-3-parted
wedge-shaped
acuminated
serrated
at end,
Bowers spiked
SLeressubtilste. Pericarps notjuicy
-2
hl1"'
ubulate mucronata. Calyxes solitary, Appendages opened out colored
ICS"*5
Sa
muirrmate.
ending,Calyxes
Lvs. hairopened
roundoutacute, CaL in fruit keeled across the middle m*
Misvl?"0"'' lj*v rounded smooth, Flowere clustered
3t.V
S!
hair'r'
Latm
obloI1t(
h.iirround
1*pubescent. Flowers axillary, obt
twin axillary
Leave*
WToeentost, fewheapanicled,
CaL *ith5
'

nth5 an<rt~
angle,'and
axillary
tuft,
enlate flat ! very short, Cat. solitary
K '>ubejca)L T
* 3396
339:
requiring the culture of alpin

to complete
ordrrhisof
-ukiill-andring
usedreadily
Hie
pai*-r
uponthebywhich
it is a genus of easy culture,
Increased
cuttings
^^SSa* Cheoe*oei,n IWme* ^ 010 Grwkl 10 tnc Equisetum, A small plant, quite similar to
(matfri.*"
Fr?m thete
chiefly
maritime,
is obtained
of ourof
Tk^^***
JE?*1**
,he plants,
a'kalinowhich
salU arecalled
barilla,
soda, potash,
and the
kelp.kelpMost
I 2U"TI"1for soi.!,- Vochart>) '* foend on the sandyshores ofmost parts of the world, and is very
Srenuh^w
in Si'" for making
barilla all; buttheisbest
reckoned
inferior toInS.Europe.
sativa.
r' ! v<*u>'heBpsiS
ni Ali edLalt"Medi'trranean,
and affords
soda consumed
^*?!e>ljccti
and h fV"y In""
September,
thein acrop
is cut
andground.
laid in small heaps to dry. These
^
'J0CMn,Di
sVhtwS
of
*hem
hole,
In
the
H- i- ^ (ounrnn u _",!"'** f Rlass and soap; with sulphuric acid, it forms Glauber's salts;
b^sakt* A*hit ft! . ult of Homberg, borax ; and with cream oftartar, Rochelle salt.
itom Salsola by Roth, and named by him after his friend Koch, a Ocnnau
Class V.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
206
Ju.amt3.t3
s.1
Europe nao. S si
340 pro-itrt.i Sekritd. trailing
w fi1 jn.au
my.jn GW.a Hungary
1 35 t
S s.1 Pall. ill. hol.
linn arenaria
Roth. and
2 jn G Crimea
O cu
3410
sedodee Sehr.
Btonecrop
Spain 1821.
1S23. S 8.1al Schrad.
Schrad.
haL t 2
w
3111
eripliora
Sehr.
woollv
.
G.
H.
1824.
Schr.haLtl.f.l
I
)
cu
3+12 erlcca Sehr.
eilky "
t
Ureece 162P, S
3413 acenria Sehr.
lummer I Jn.e G Sp.
3472. rub- D Eng. bot 1033
611. CHENOPKDIUM. W. O.kisl-koot. cu 1 ChcnopoSeaj.
Britain
my.au
G
bot 717
S Eng.
3414 nnus-Hcnrkus IV. Engl. Mercury w 1 au G Britain dungh
vind.
3. t. SO
SS Jac.
upright
China
1780.
3415 rbicum (.
S
au.1
Eng.
bot 1721 .
w
Britain
dungh.
purple
Jacic.rar.2.t.S4a
3416 Atriplicis W.
S
au.8
w
S
Guinea
red
3417
ww fi1J au.s
Britain 1790.
rub. S Eng. bot 1722
Guinea
3418 rubrum
guienseW,W
au.l
nrttWi
Irrrnfl
Peru
1822.
3419
murale
3
jl
cul
green
(Juinoa
S Feuill. per. I 10
Peru
3420 Quinoa
il
cul 311)1.1
Quinoa
N. Amer. 1822.
1807. SS
ruftrxm W. tt.r i. ret
angular-leaved
w
Spain
1821.
3421 rhombiflium
bot
1724
England dungh. SS Eng.
late
3422
bot.
ww 24 au.l
Britain
rub. S Eng.
3423 eerotinum
firifUum .JL A. Fig-leaved
Eng.graa-.
bot 1725
1919
1
Britain
rub.
white
G
Fl.
3424
lbum
14
au.l
SS Eng bot t2247
Maple-leaved
S.Britain
Europe sea
1548.
3425 hbridum W.
G
1
jn.s
8S
.
cut-leaved
1823.
sh
342
rttrye W. Sm. many-clustered
1 jn.au G
S
3427
t.StIf.77
8: 42 jn.au
A.1732. DS Dill.elt
3428 botryoides
f'tidum ScAr. fetid
Moris.n5.l35f.8
jn.o G Buenos
Iuonoe lA|w
Mexico
1640.
3429
multifidum
W.
fi
3430 ambroniotdee K. Mexican
17
S DilLi'lt tGdf.'ti
shrubby .il 3 Jl.au G America
fl suffrulicsum W. /
-;1823.
3431
American
G Mexico
England
rub.
Eng. bot. 1454
3432 anthelmin'ticum
gravele! W. rtronK-emelUng
1
G
OO ww 2ljjl.au
.... 1803- s 00
3433glBcum
G
jl
3434 crasfiiflmmIV. H.Par. Oak-leaved
thick-leaved
bot
nib.
SS CO Eng.
GG Britain
Eng.
bot 1034
*0
Britain
rub.
OO ww 11 jl.au
Btinking
S435lidum
Sm.
Jailc-it"
jl.au
Guinea
IS*.
S
Allseed
3436 rmlyspnnum W. oval-lcaved
G
fi
jl.au
1781.
S
O
w
3437
1 ali.5 G Pcnsylva. 1809. S Gm.8ib.3.t.l5.l
3438 caudtum
laterale W.W.'
oblong-lcaved BU
1771 S
OO www 21 jljn.i GG Virginia
3+: lanceoltum If. en. spear-leavod
182 S5 Eng. bot. 1481
3440 aristalum W.
bearded
jn jl GG Mofavia
Britain unc.gr.
O w fi1 Lau
S441spium
Mayer.
*
O
3442 acutiflium S. acute-leaved
Eng. bot 633
G Britain sal.m. S
O w 3fi au
S443
1 Sea
Blito
au.s G England seash. Si-hr.haloul.M
-IUI marltimum
fruticsum )('..
shrubby
ltalv 1775.
SS Jac.vind. J. t f
Sar6laJrotu-aa E. B.grass-lcaved
1782.
O w 61 jl.au
3445
altissimum
W. Saltwort
au.s aG Astracn
S.
Europe
1822.
S
3446
salsum
lt.
Br.
w 2 Jn.jl
3447 eetlgerum D. C, bristly
L'hcnopodc. SPEuro7pc 1548. S r.m Schk.han.l.t5"
Bbet.
612.
BETA.
W.
: cul 41 au
177S. S r.m
common
3448 vulgaris PK
au GG Madeira
Portugal
spreading
3449
ptula
W.
) Q)
cul
63 au
Hungary 1570.
17!.. r.m
r.m Y rar.hun.l.t 35
white
3450
cicla
W.
(i
Q>
w
jtau
Hungarian GO cul 1 au G Britain soa . & s.i Eng. bot *
3451
trigyna
H
K.
sea
3452 maritima 1.
pl Wal.bor.24tl0
Goloen Roa ,_Jor 6 Chcnopodcar.
613.
- Bu TnariS 172S. 3<26
3453BO'SEA.
YervainraW. W tree
3419
6 3414
3408
Hoto, Lie, Propagation, Cllurc,

angular lea" '
. ^.
From
, foot
ol a water.fo
"d
^..^'^8
"oT'^culeV
,âlb
tremely
similar
to
the
webbed
L
.
s,
,,1
of
no
beauty,
but
generally
leave, for the most part covered with powdery granules i the v. hole plant
h
a pot-herb.
.
,
,inaee
it
being
hardy
and
ol, -ear.)
'.
Bonus
Ilenriras
is
cultivated
in
some
garden,tai
a
Pe'1"'1'
""f'
*
,
m,r-,ti,nimi
Tke. leaves
...
. is the
somi-him-s
,-...coininnn
applied ofto the
ap,.l,ed
wounds,
andami
for cleansmg
cleansing
old
<1
U ul crs
(r
8 . bul c. mar asctj,
album are
most
species,
to liespecies
'~c
this purpose.
Theused
foreign
arc. oii a ^ iultu., and m
iseither
preferred
to
all
ttu
pjiecies
for
to Hot,; uo . ;, :
by seeds orwhere
cuttings.
i nmr;r marine
, " , ,!-rplants,,M,C.614maritimum,
it abounds,
is burned
with..,,,Salsola
kali andZ^ScYwi
tradish,
Fr.boiled
; M*^
bcaiil
Beta.
Celtic.
B. vulgaris,
Mr,
brao
ir,.,/,A.,From
ltal.;
i,Vweir
culinary
root, use.1
in salaosêither
omlaylddit.g
ibrhs
Jlrrtiofa,
ltal.,belt,
is ared.
wellInknown
used
salada either raw oror Iox.
^ _frOTung
varnish
varolii.-, very
i. L v much-i. used
., ,i as.. a. pickle
,.;,.vi ;. preserved
nri<si.rvod as.a
as a conhture
conti made a sous'
II,
PENTANDRIA DIG YNI.
207
Lttmbmr
..*, somewhat
flat,fleshy
CJXm
about 3Flowers
downy with
opened
ndMa
pubescent.
axillary
aboutotovate;appondaRe*
3 together, Cal...
with Btblunt
arpcn.inbcs
3*10Herfcreoutvery
hairy,
Leaves
linear
fleshy,
Dorsal
spine
ofcal.
straiglit
_H
9 AllwoulW. LeaveLtmt
linear lanceolate
fleshy spreading,
aL in not
fruitprickly
stellate with S prickles hooked at end
3iliBnnchedii[\isc,
silkv, Calyxes
5115hitasccnt, Learnlinear lanceolateciliated, Cal In pairs. Appendage* very short acute
3MLeave
triangular hastate entire,
Spikes
clustered
Icnfless
and terminal
* lcompound
Leavetfiat
angbiar.close
Learntriangulartoothed,
Racemes
clustered
verysinuate
upright
to Fan.
theaxillary
stem
very
long and jnea
5116Learn
rhomboid-nvauandrather
lanceolate
: toothed.
the lower
toothed.
axillary
branched.
emt
SH7Lerntcordite
triangular
obtuse
Racemes
erect
compound
Icaty
shorter
thanStem
tne
sum
HIS
Lew
orate
unequal!v
toothed
acute,
Racemes
branched
naked
and
simple
stem
erect
_^.._
mIn.
. uueq. tooth, abite shining,
Race,thecorvm.
shorterHacemos
than theclustered
leaf. Stemshorter
branched
I ",
Intriangularovateobsoletely
toothed
youngernaked
powdery,
than aprca
Wfltriangular
acuterepand
toothed.
Racemes
axillary
erect
nearly
leafless,
Bracte
minute
inflexed
jti Late
Leaves deltmdsinuate
toothed
rugosebehind,
smooth Upper
uniform,
Haremos
terminal
5Ki
hdatesinuate
eroded
entire
oblong
entire,
Seeds
dotted
fcH
Up*rhomboid
ovate
eroded
entire
behind,
Upper
oblong
entire.
Seedsnaked
smoothterminal and axillary
HS Lave
Iwewate^ruminatc
subcordate
angular
toothed.Upper
Raceme*
panicled
Wfi
oblongsinuated.
Racemes
naked
roiillitid,
bracte
entire
lanceolate
7 Leaveovateacuteentire. Stem erect, Racemes cymosc elongated nearly leafless
Leiveioblong sinuateil,
Upper ofbractes
St Larapinnatinil,
Segm. Racemes
linear thenaked
lowermany-cleft,
toothed. Clusters
flower*3-lobed
axillaryat end
sessile
Lave lanceolate remulcly toothed, Racemes leafy simple
sparingly
toothed. Spike*
simple
slenderofflowers
long leafless.
*S *"1teknccolate
Lavesriding sinuate-toothed
wedge-shaped
Ht base.
Clusters
axillaryFlowers trigynous
Utrs oUongrhomboid-angular
rpand glaucous beneath.
clustered
axillary
terminal leafy
Lavethick
somewhatSpikes
sinuated
entiresimple
behind,naked
Racemes
erectandcompound
Ha rhomb-orate, Flowers clusteredI axillary
i Leave*flatleafless
entire.
Stem decumbent,
Cymes
dichotomous
m {*J*oate,
Um ovateobtuse
entire. Panicle
terminal
naked elongated,axillary
Stem simple erect
5* Uivmate
i Inclwebnreolate
obtuse,
Branch-leave*
oblong.
Peduncle*naked,
lateral solitary
1-flowered
lanceolate
acute
entire.
Racemes
axillary
compound
Stem divaricating
Lw'es
Unceolate
fleshv
entire.
Corymbs
dichotomous
aristate
axillary
i
' ovatesinuate,
simplesessile
* 1wavy
half-round,Racemes
Flowersleafy
axillary
m- difnise,
___ Leaves oblong 1 rounded,I 3.Flowers
Leaves rounded.
^>tnns
**Ute ihrubby, Leaves semicylindrical obtuse bluntaxillary clustered
j*Quitenorth,
Branches
panicled
erect, fleshy
Leavesunarmed,
filiform acutish,
Flowerstransparent
in threes stalked
iifcflurraii
nearly
erect,imooth
leaves
linear
CaLbristle
succulent
'> w"a
"naedthick
terminated
by a straight long
^nowmriuMcred, I/>wcr leave* ovate, Root fleshy
5 ir
, ,^,,)'
An tneleaves
linear.)anccolate,
divaricating
SBl
TCrj thick
rib<t blowers
three together,Branche
Root scarcely
any
iwf1 1 P*ir.,,,11
lcaflcss, The
Flowers
trigynous
and solitary,
cordate
Stem difluse,
branches
muchtwin
interwoven,
RootLvs.
scarcely
anyacute unequal at base
Leitealternate stalked ovate acute with the veins and nenes purple
,| "n
SU""""i!Wm v
"
j '"" tl C '' wi,h ""-"I butterTrv. "if lcavc"

" m .* *cr, the
Cuas* V,
208
PENTANDTUA DIGYNIA.
CI*.
HERNA'RIA.
W.
RriTUEE-WUBT.
AmaranthacctP.
>
.
G11.
- 3454
glabra W.W.
bot 206
smooth
,
gr. SS Eng.
Eng.
bou
3455nirsfita
hairy
jn_ www i*jljl.au GCi England
en. gr.
Lob.
ic 85i3?S
3456
fruticsa
!..
shrubby
Lp
]
my.au
(7
Spain
1814.
Cav.ic,
:H"i7 polygonoldee Cat*.
O- 1 I w I my.au G & Europe I J Lp
PI aim. 2.L13I
t 53. U
Lp
3438
incna
/.
ijl.au
G
S.
Europe
IS8
3459 alpina ///.
4, . G S. Europe 1822. Lp Lob, ic t. 85. I
t615.
UL'MUS.
L.L,
Sp.13.
bot. 18S6
3460
campetris/
L Eng.
bed.
80*" Vlmace.
ap.my
341)1 fruticsa
suberosa
Eng. bot 2161
bed. GL
ap.my Br
Br Britain
Britain
3462IV.
Europe
Eng. bot
346i glabra . B.
hcd.
Britain
Eng.
bot 2248
1887
3464 americano
montana /.Ph./>'.
tied. SL(
Britain
Mich. arb. 3 t.5
3466
N.
Amer. 1752.
3466
Mich.
G
N.Amer.
1820.
3467
lba
Hungary 1824. GG
3465
hmilisKfcW.Amm.
Siberia
3469
N.
Amer.
...... GG
3470 crispa
flva Ph.
Mich. arb. 3. t
N.
Amer.
V. petulula
W.
PalLroM. LL48
3471
pfimila
PnU.
Siberia
1771.
3472 chinnsis /*. S.
IP
China
616. PLANE'RA. lflbt,
3473 RJchardi
Mich. W.
1760. G Tall. rose. 2. t 60
12 I'lmacecr.
ap.my Br Sp.N.2.
Ulm. ncmoraiis
3474 parviflia
1822. G Jacq, sch. 1 262
or
12
my
/. parviflia Jacq.
617.
1.
3475PHYL'LIS.
Nlda W. IT. Bastard
Canary Hare's**Ear. 3 Rubiacc.
jii.jl G Sp.Canaries
1699. r.m D. eL t99. 396
*.18.
CORIAN'DRUM.
W.
Coriavtjer.
Sp.
23. fields. S Eng. bot A7
3*76
sativum
W.
common
cH
2
jn
W
England
( .17, ttistiuil.it 1 1 in JV. twin-fruited
O w 2 jn.jl W S. Europe 1640. S PLaL tl. f.2
619. SCAN'DIX. P.S. Scandix.
Sp 310. . fi. S Eng. bot 1397
3478
pcten
W.
Venue's
Comb
ww 1i Umbcllifer*.
Jn.jl
W S.Britain
3479
austrlis
W.
radiated
my.jn
W
Europe 1713. S Col. eeph. 1. 1 !
3480 pinnaUtida Vent.
w 1J my.jn W Persia 1805. S Vent. cele. 14
630.
ANTHRIS'CUS.
Rough Ciiestil.O w UmftclliftVir. Sp. 29.
3481
vulgaris P.S.
P. S. P.S.common
Britain he . S Eng. bot 818
S482 nodosa
Knotted
^ w 11 my.jn
my.Jn W
W Sicily 1656. D Jac vind. 3,t2o
621. CHJEROPHYI/LUM. P.S. Chervil.
UmbeUifcra.
sp. a hed. D Eng. bot 758
3483
smooth
i Aw 3 my.jn
W Britain
3484 sylvestre
sativum P.W,S.
garden
England
hc.ba. D Eng. bot 1268
cul
I'
my.jn
W
Sc. ccrefoliumPh.W, procumbent -* O W
S485 prociimbciis
Virginia lfi!>9.
1 jn.jl
3460
Hittorg, Ute, Propagaliont Culture

plants. Another Bow (Caspar) was a professor of botany at Leimig, where he published, ia 1728, a dissertation
uponi
the
motions
ot
plants.
Ripened
cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass, witVout heat bul
1
(1*.since
Hrrmarm.
l-rom hernia,
.
trorn
a rupture,
for which
disorderis itwellwasadapted
formerlyforimagined
toinbepotsa cure,
urnNOW
"
lUpture,
long
been
rejected
ma bym*,bythe
herbalists.
H. fruticosa
growing
or formm
work,
and
I
is
readily
increased
seeds
or
cuttings
cuttings
of
the
greenhouse
species
root
freely
hand-glass.
of
Celtic.
615.
Utmut.
From
Elm,
its
name
in
Anglo-Saxon.
Teutonic,
Gothic,
and
nearly
all
the
hVe those1msofastheforming
geirns
S -~ fCnUe
, .r,ly trewt,lom valued for
their timber.
**"41*gM
as to bemwt
often(>r confounded.
Ua
consideredTheal
g^ySjgr?-. ?>0 glabra arc those most generally cultivated in
country by th
rusa,
L nthesuben*",
timber
often
alsothan
the the
U. U.
I)urorii
di. Agri
Planera,
in honorin one
of
anu* Planer, a German botanist, who published in 1788 an Index Plant
arum
Erfordicnsis,
ie 8vo. A genus closely related to Ulinus, from which it pcriup
distinct.
617 Phyllis.
plant is remarkable for the 'x-auty of its leaves. Phyllis, who wi
Omi IT.
PENTAMDRIA DIGYNIA.
29
g inorey errated ovate oblique at
^'""*1
"--.Uedtetrandro,,, Fruit.
The only *eht
lanceolate entire 0 4 inch loot, Corymb* axillary
3+76
Fruitglobo*
MTFruittwin
STSStfdiwith
terrlongbeak,
nj
H'.^Smliiubulatehu.pid,
Flower*leaflet*
radiant,
Cauline
3WStem
Kabroiii, Leave*decompound
nriOMtr1,
Unleave*
smootn
i edi oratehicptd. Cor. ofone shape, Stem smooth
i,;-; id, Sira hispid, Joints tumid
*^Slemitrutedwith
tumidjointsUmbels lateral
IWiSeakshining oatesubulate,
'reeable ,mc, , ,ld,'rom

to roioice and.!! i .
tato h foud ,,lv oi, fettJo Su '"""" a beautiM
X to nine inches apart
CtASS V.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
210
Jac.aust-l.t6S
11
hs-il
W
Europe
1726.
D
bulbous-rooted tf Q) w s'iau W . D Eng. bot. 1521

3486
Jac au.
2. 1 148
14s* inn ilau W
Switzerl.
1759.
rough
3487 bulb&um
tmulum W.W.
au.2.tl50
W
Germany
1726. DDD Jac
3488
liirsitum
W. W. hairy-leaved
Mor. h. s 9. 1 11
IjLau
W
N.
Ame/.
1699.
aromatic
3489
aromticum
53490 canadnse
Ph. W. three-leaved
Sr.umb.t3.CS
N.
Amer. 1806.
Sisn canadnse
or. s. 9.110X6
Ulyria
1806. DDD Eng.
53401
Claytni
Ph.
bot 2103
Scotland
bofa.
3492 colortum IV.
3493 areum W.
Sp.
1655.
_
,
Her.
Iugd.t237
Vf.
Indies 1714.
DD 8.1al Bot reg.
622. ERYN'GIUM. W.
372
NN. Amer
Ainer.
1699.
3494
fce'tidum
/.W.
Del.
eryng.
...
D
s.1
3495
aquaticum
Del. eryng. IL JJS
N.
Ainer.
1810.
D
s.1
3496 virgln'inum i>A.
Jac
aus.
4.
Europe
g ". Del. eryng. 1139116
3497
virgtum
Ph.
Spain
IS,
g- Del. eryng. ta
3498
plnum W.W.
Spain
1699.
3499pusillum
1427
Portugal
1. gDD s.s. Bot
35(X}
tricuspidatum
Ir.
Eng. mag.
bot 718
Britain
seash.
3501 comicultum B. M.
Britain pas. 1> S I Eng. bot 57
3502
martimum
W.
Portugal
1810. DDs.8.1 Mo. s. 7. 1 35. f.!
3503
campestre
Stvria
3504
gahoides
P.Ir.S. .
s. 7.delplLtf
t. 37. f. 13
Caspian 1648.
1816. D s. M.
3505
amethystinum
France
1816.
DD s.s. Vill.
3506 cerleum P. S.
Bot
mag.
922
Switzcrl.
1597.
3507 rlgidum P. S.
S France 1731. D s.1 Gouan.il! 7. t3
3509 Bourgti W.
Vmbelli/cra?.
Britain woods.
DD s.1s.1 Eng. bot 98
623. SANI'CULA. W.
n.jl
W Canada
1800.
3510
21ljnjl
njl W
.
Amer.
1705.
u Jac.ic2.t34S
351 1 europaj'a
canadensisW.W.
W.o
3512 marilndica W.
23.
Eng. bot. 2413
W. Sea-Parsnep.
bngland
624. ECHINCVPHORA prickly
Aw
Apulia sea
1731.CO. DD as.1 . 8.9.4.'.
3513
flne-leaved W
3514 spinsa
tenuifliaW.W.
Carrot.
Britain b. offl. S 8.1 Eng. bot. 1174
*625. DAU'CUS. W.
wild
3515Car6to
W.
ita
Britain Cornw. S s.1 Eng.
Garden
- hortensis P. S. sea-side
PCbot2 tO'
Spain
176H. SS s.1 Al.
S516
Mo.
3.atl.tatof*
bTeutop 1807.
3517 maritimus
maurituicus fine-leaved
Puf
t. '
W
shining
Barharv
1S04.
SS 8.s. Mo. ..9.113.1.1"
3518
liicidus
W.Des/.
W
whorl-leaved
France
1722.
3519
crinllus
w
Mo.
s
9.
1.
14. t- *
shining-leaved
Barbar?
1683.
S
s.
3520
l'k
3521 Gingdium
murictus II'.IK. prickly-seeded
Fk Barbary 1804. S 8.1 Dcsf.atll63
hispid
3522 hlspidus P. S.
Utnbcllifcrar. SS,F.r7>ê'l648. S Jac. aus. I.t54
Bur-Parsley
626. CAU'CALIS W. great-flowered
bot 1
lljl.au
ch.fi.
SS Eng.
53523
grandiflra
W.
llin
RW England
Eng. bot. 198
small
England
ch.fi.
3524 daucodcs
3 jlau
W.ic.2.1101
broad-leaved
S
Europe
1640.
S
53525
latifolia IV.W.
1
au
Pk
dwarf
1699. S Bus. cen. 3 t
3526
pmila
4 jn.jl W Levant
Caucasus
8S Mo s. 9. 41.
3527 pulckrrima
oricntlisIV.W.W. en oriental
2 i jn.jl
beautiful
S.Europe
Europe 1816.
1800.
jl
au
broad-sivdcl
1739.
S Sch. han. L 1 61
51528
platycrpos
Svr.
1
jlau
3529 leptophylla IV. fine-leaved
3495
History.
Vie, iPropagation,
, ,
u/iBgi, Culture,.
the plant
tant !isa
,, : Eryngiitm.
.,,.,,, From
the Greek verb
-,,
to belch Dioxides po.itively .^ê"thistles
622.
i
somewhatand
use
"~r~*.\is
Inlnu
irom
'T:r-lnV
involucree,
conacco
specific
for
all
complaints
arising
from
^len^..
TI^M_
^^g^^
,4
dry
cor*
general appearance : they are generally of a bluish hue, prick and '* ^rge inv
and are now, in
feaves.
. maritimum
long'candied,
been to and
esteem
as anin aphrodisiac;,
the roots
"'ô
Falsuff
The
some
e^ses.
kept
in thehas
shops
formed
sbnkspeare
. time
*eUj*UJ
^ uus
com
Arabs
regard
tile
plant
a.
an
excellent
restorative,
and
English
grooms
DBmmu
the
unea
p
they give to stallions in the covering season. The virtue is said to reside chiefly in tne
says,
eaten likeFrom
asparagus
.. ;rt,.M
623.areSancula.
sanare,in toSweden.
cure. This a vulnerary, to which marvellous
virtues were
were formerly
sr 3,sr"bVf:
j. smith
Ssayseuropea
used toofbethatconsidered
a powerfulwhich
vulnerary,
now umbelliferous
wholly rejectedplants
m "
fat
it partakes
virse acrimony
is foundbutin ismost
growi in , moist^ ^
Eehinophora. From ix, a hedgehog, and fsj, to bear. In allusion to the strong rigid spines
Out! .
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
SU
|.(. , ,
-Jotai, Caunc rhomb, ovate
4 wed colored awnloi
lM ". 5 Bblto ?<> dliated

S""I*. _
InTOlu"'bUtefflanJ.Ie.vcd.pinv
I litt ,
4 1N01ucreTci
end NtMeUanetm
Particular*.
mdeed of the whole plant
Very much like
an Ervngiurn, once said to have been fourni in
ull*,ii
'' Ihm2S4
10
!^!**
ho1
i
account
of
1U
effect*
in medicine.
Carota
red, torin
ciiM SJ*.W et There are several varieties
: the largest,
and that(from
bestKar,
adapted
^^l^wru -A,,eKeds doi><*
m' ftom'
that namepowers
in Cheshire.
early for
hornwhich
and orange
""ê-tttttornni
retainvillage
theirofvegetative
more thanThea year,
reason
fermSSSfl!0. W"*
before*here
sowing.a deep
Thesandy
last wn-k
ofoccurs,
Marchfewandcro|*firstofoltheApril
iikind
the
Jt**i*iiSllrl
cr,Fp
0,1
fann
loam
root
ft?** in theuh"- ln Norfolk and Suflblk they are a good deal in use as a Held crop, and especially
* u isSSrS 1 Linnmis, derived from xi, to trail along ; on account of the low habit
> mat ' Caucalie was the same as the Caucalis grandiflora of the present
P2
Cram V
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
212
Umbetfer. Britain
Sp. 39. hod. S Eng. boL987
TORILIS.
627 TORILIS. Garrtn. upright
OO ww 2ijlau
1 jl.au Y Britain
. 6. 9 Eng. bot 1314
3530
Anthracus
IF. spreading
35S1 arvns
infsta
H.K.
1| my.jl W Britain co.fi. S Eng. bot 199
W.
O
w
knotted
3532 nodosa ff.
UmbeUtfertB. Su. L
Olivehia.
628.
Fctii. Thyme-scented
O cu 1 my.jl Pu Bagdad 1816. S Vent cele. 21
3533OLIVE'RIA.
decmbens fien/.
UmMlifene.
Lbdebdria. i A w 2 jn.jl
W Sp. L 1823. S
02 LEDEBU'RIA. JU. bristly
3534 pimpinellodes Z.*.
UmbeiScr.
Sp. 120. m.pas. D Eng. bot 697
my.jn
W Britain
Myrrh.
630. MYR'RHia P.S. sweet-scented
Umbettjfer*.
3535 odorta P. S.
Sp. 2 . part. D Eng. bot 988
EaRTH-NUT. A w 2 my.jn W Britain
631.
W. W. great
3536BU'NIUM.
Bulbocrtanum
B. Fleruosurn Sm. flne-leaved
1 W . G. H. 1787.
3537 rgens
loutamSp/".
rigen W,
Vmbeiferce. Britain
5p. 820. dit, D m. Eng. bot 363
Watbr-Dropwort.
632.
FW Britain
- A PP 2' jn.au
dit. D m.s Eng. bot 2313tffl
3538NAN'THE.
fistulosa W. W. common
jn.au
Hemlock
5
Italy
17991 S Jac.vind.3.
353!i
crocta
W.
au W
iU.18. t9
proliferous
i Q
A w li jnjn.au
Portugal
1710.
DD Gouan.
3540
prolifra
IT.
W
Sab,
rom. 1 84
globe-headed
1806.
3541
W.
w Portugal
jn.au
Eng.
bot348
Parsley-leaved
$t
*
England
dit.
D
aq
3542 globulosa
apiiflia /fro/.
Ii
jn.au
A w I jn au
Eng. bot 347
1*1.m. DD m.e
3543
peuced.miflia W.W. Sulphurwort
Burnct-Saxifr.
A w 1 au.a w England
C. G. H. 1S1.
3544
various-leaved 5tf. iAI
3545 pimpinellodes
mebrians IF.
.oUfft. D r.m Eng. bot
Samphire. 3t A cul 1 Umbclltfer.
633.
JU w Bnui4'
17t. D r.m
3546CRITH'MUM.
martimum W. >ea
* Canaries
wedge-leaved Ol 4UmheWfcr.
3547 latiflium W.
Sp. P14,ch.pa. D eo Eng. bot 138
F.mountain
SPtGNILL. A w 2 jn.jl W England
634.
ATHAMAN'TA.
aust It-6*
Europe I59i. D Jac.
3548
jLau P.WPu Siberia
broad leJived 5 A ww 42 jl.au
71.
DD G.sib.l.t40.tl,2
3549 Libantie
Cervaria W.W.
Gouan.ilLSS.t26
Siberian
Silera
1773.
3550
sibrica
W.
i AA ww 21 jl-a
Siberia 180.
3551 condnsala W. close-headed
aust l.tS
I7<S. DI>D Jac.
3552incna
W. W. hoary
jl.au
jl.au W Germany
Zano.his.7at
divaricated
Sicily
1686.
3553
Oreoselmum
Jacicrar.l.t57
FliXweed-leav. 5^. A_.. ww 82 jn.jl
CarnioU
1802.
II
5554sieula
W.
w
fine-leaved
5t AA ww 1 jn.jl
3555
Matthloli ',W.
jnjl w Austria 1596. D Jac aust htm
Candy-carrot
3556 cretinas
annual
w 1 jn.jl w Canda 1731. D
d annua W.
Sp 7-9. dry pa. D CO Eng. bot 407
iBllRSET-SAXlKRACiE. 1 UmbcUifen
635. PIMPINEL'LA. W. common
Jn.au W
W Britain
Germany
1683. D
3557
Saxfraga
Wblack-rooted fc A cu
w 21 jn.nu
England
3558
nigra
F.
jn.au W France woods. D11 "' Eng. bot 408
great
355!)
magna
F.
1
ui.au
cut-leaved
3560 disecta if.
21 jn.au
nodding
3561
jn.au
Anise
3562 peregrina
A'nisum W.W.W. dichotomouj
4 jn.au
3663dichtoma
Culture,and other botanis

nists. It probably,U
627. Torit. A name contrived by History,
Adanson Use,
and Propagation,
adopted by Gantner,
many
of
Adanson's
words,
has
no
meaning.
^
^
botanist
who travelled
in the East He pub.
Olive:
Named
in
honor
;f
G
:
Olivier,
a
^:.hi^tl?-^slnic
mCwi\c.
br-J. lMb-.
So "
named
by Professor
aller M.kuown
I^debure,
i tlthan tthe author of a tatalogus Horti Dorpa^5^? work
5uect*.
by whichLink,
be U bettor
1 published
DunUebed in"i 1819
181! ; in which work this plant
stands as Formerly
Trngiuin tauricum.
ultivation.
voung leaves wereThe
put *eed
into salads
tensis,
the
arta,
and in a variety ofthenucca,orcandled
are put;
630.theMyrrhis.
This
plant
beencold,
longorofinin\England
furniture
0and
ineaten
n(,rtn
and
roots1,1 were
boiled
andhas
tart. employed in polishing and iwrfuming oak floors and
f>rfi<t7i*m*
J,From **t
hilLHal.
because
plantof grows
in dry and elevated
Terreup NoU,
Fr.,
raw-ta
thn ,orvf
* Casl''B"0
*erra%
Thetheroots
Bulbocastanum
or situations.
used to be dug
fhn.l .ifVh
cl?.KSt?s-dt (,
ate farinaceoiLs
sweet,B. and
roppoaed to l)carevery
nourishing.
Swineandareeaten
very
flower
anduur
Fron?
*that
3 vinenanthe,ofcays
Pliny, smells
like thei vine
in
(T.,
: f:?ir 'll
50011
become
fatbyils feeding
them, The like
,that
14
UMne- on'J"'it
umbellifer,
chiefly
emea
;1^!'
conudered
Thegenus,
juicea fatal
of themort
root ortheanTheaquatic
infusion
the leaves
is very
to thoseu.ulrer
th, ,hsra
eminenUy
large dosessait producei
tetanus.
herb is oapplied
in poultices
te ulcer* that lorm m the cleft of the hoof of kine.
Ouiu .
PENXANDItlA DIGN1A.
213
il?
Involucra
aunj-lcaved,
Scedi
reflexed,
Leave!Leaves
decompound,
OuterStem
leafletmuch
tin. branched
lanceolate
SMI lamm] involucre scarcely any,ovate,
SeedsStyles
ov. Styles
reflexed,
decompound.
S&fi l;:UU simple subsessile, Leaves supra-decompound
1 Levis pinnate, Leaflets sessile W-cleft, Segm. 3-fid ciliated. Flowers fascicled viUous
SB*Radical leaves pinnate. Pinna; ovate serrated cut, The upper 3-pinnati6d with linear 3-forked s
K33*ilkws, Leavestenatedecompound, Leaves ovate lanceolate pinnatind, Central tt. male
SS6 Leaves uniform, Involucre many-leaved
ra&rtiomertatmuricated, Peduncles furrowed, LeaflcU channelled obtuse
rt
CauIinc leaves
withnearly
filiform
pinna;
SSIbm
"*"longestbranched
equalfistulous
*iH|, ""
cut
umbels
male
S l"l,!"lutt. Fruit globoso
!^^?^"1;
theradical
upperbip.nnate,
pinnate, leaflets
wedge-shaped
eut
Slri
**<;
laaflcta
linear
serrate striated
eaudate
split
:
cauhne
entire
very
long
simple
'the leaves ovate upper linear, Sulks angular
SS^tawolate fleshysplit (Teno, Spr.)
OT"rtaedgejhaped
SiSSS?1;
Umbel 'P"cal, Seeds hairy
Pinnate cecu,
SL.2ESS
*?*!
ssi ??T*1*m
guiarcul ""i"!". Seedsnaked
^^%^^^ V"M '-baped
3 St fmai">i smooth Loa

"SbiSS tut
iee-shaped cm, Umbels nodding

inged membranous
3S56
***
jT MOT
""rflancow.
-.by Fr.,
the
*j7555
i4v.ted
il
!
5e.i'1 smh &.l"crdu'mRwimer''l5'ii" ,nelt""1 "7 situation .reVmrtT^\K
S^S^tr^ -ever/believe
nc dilecta. The root is acrid an i.n t. ' ,"MI'
miiii.itii n_ ,..
..
."
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
314
sp- 1. . ,
636.
W. W
S564PHELLAN'DRTOM.
aquticum 1. common
P 3 25**5
Jnjl Britain nvut.
Sp. 1. 1823.
637.
DON-.
Spreng. yellow
I>o*n.A. f Zl*"
3565TRACHYSPER'MUM.
Epipctis Snr.
I? fP., Ape
Sp. 1. 1773.
638.
Lk. Traciiysprrmuu. ^* I7rairtf(^r
Egypt
jnjl
___6"co/ticum Spr. Egyptian
2 Umbcltifrra?.
Sp.48.
639.
AM'Ml.
S.S. Europe
Europe 1551.
1596.
22 njl
in.au W
3567
VisngaW.W,
W
S5i8mjus
France
1816.
W
3569
glauciflium
2 jl.au P.Y Pyrenees 17./4.

3570 daucifum
Sp.
57.
UmbcUifcrar.
640.
BU BON. Pf.
Greece
1596.
23 jn.au
3571
1710.
Sicily
in.au P.Y
Pk
S572 macednicum
rtgidum
1804.
Crimea
3
jl..
Pk
1596.
H.
6 jl.au Y.u .. G.
3573 gummi/crum
Galtianum Sra.
G.
H.
47 ilmr.d YP.Y . G. H. 1774.
3574
licvigatum
1751.
3575 gummllerum
Sp.
1. 1594. S . c.4. 1360
Umbeilifcra?.
S41.
CU'MINUM.
Egypt
3576 Cyminum
common
CK Jnjl W
Sp.Europe
1014.1796. D
UttAelUfcTte.
642
nwlding-flow.
Meadow Saiifraoe.
W S.Hungary
3577SE'SELI.
pimpinelloldes
w 1 Jl
Pl. rar. hung. 80
1805. DD
vv
3578
leucosprmum
.woolly-beaded
1
4(
Jac.vind2.trS9
Italy
1658.
Jacaustl.tl
S579 montanum mountain 21 injUuil W
D
France
1759.
W
Jac. vind. 1. tJX
3580 ammoiile
glacum W.
glaucous
SD
&S. Europe
99.
W
53581
Milfoil-leaved i'
O w 1KS
Europe
1~'97.
w N. Amer. 1812. D Bau.h.3.2.16.f2
Bot austS.
mag. 1742
3582
tortuosum
crooked
CD
*
t.143
""3 divarictum Ph. shining-leaved iiAw
- 1^
DD Jac.
Austria
1656.
P.ra.hun2.tll7
S58lHipi>omr.thrum^.various.lcaved
Jl
Hungary
180-1.
S585 gracile IV en.
slender
w t >" >l w Austria 1710. D Gouan. ill.l6t8
3586 cltum tall
5 H .
M"
TI'. Deadly
*3.
THAfSlA
Europe '0. 5 e*! Moriis.9t.ie.tS
-2 in.jl
YY S.Spain
3587
villsa
1596.
jl.au
3588f-tida
Levant
... DDD 8.1e-\s.1
22 jl.au
YL.Y Barbary 1683.
.10
S89
Asclepium
jlau
?590 gargnica
VmbelUftrtc.
644.
ACTINOTUS.
Lab.
J L&Jcu 2 in W %. iioU. 1821. D 8.1
3591 Hclian'thi Lab.
VmbelHferte.
645.
TRl'NIA.
.
Thinia.
rocks. D Eng. bot. 1209
3592 Hnffman'ni M Hoffmann's w my.jn W
Plrar.hung.t27
Pimpincila
dioica
E.
Bot
Hungary 1801
3593 Hennin'gii Bicb. Henning's w jn.au
Sp.
8-28.
.
_
646. SIUM.
Water-parsnip.
Eng.
bot 204
Britain
rivuL
T>D aq
Eng.
139
35945 latiflium
broad-leaved
Britain
rivul.
aq
narrow-leaved 5 Pw
- bot.
1619
angustiflium
Britain
rivul.
D
aq
6 nodiflrum
Britain rnoi.gr. ) m.s
China 1548. M
History
used by vermin-killers to scent poisonous
baits,Use,
or toPropagation,
neutralize orCulture,
obliterate other smells. Anise
own in gardens for the leaves, to be used as a> garnish, or for seasoning,
Uke felina^ e ^
ning,
inljelli
. Phellandrium.
one now
called In running stream* the Pliny
leaves,desof this plant become divided, like those n JJJT \\
aquatUis
in
the
same
situation.
When
the
plant
grows
in
an
angle,
out
rapid liree,y'
produces
itshorses
flowers
; but ittheflowers
bestbeing
on the
muddyon banks
of ditches ofandthe
ponds.
AccoruV
*1pw, Tjnnui
^,
itwhich
renders
paralytic,
disease
brought
by
a
Coleopterous
insect,
the
l
urcuno
breeds
in Athecurious
stalks,little
and isplant
curedresembling
by pigs' dung
Theand
seedsnamed
are sometimes
usedDupree.a
in agues.* renn. .n,,tmtf637.
Dondia.
Ai-trantia,
from
I>ondie
638. Trachyspermum. From t,-, rough, and nr^f**,, seed ; on account of the roughness Ol tue
Nearly
related toFrom
Ammi,
withsand
which
it agreesit growe
in habit
habit,
. ... very filic|y
639. Ammi.
w**,
; because
in sandy places. Plants wit h a delicate
cut640.leaves,
and white
flowers.
Bubon.
is a name of Plinv's, now applied to this plant ; as Pliny's was used, .in 1'1'';(8,
isofthis,
and there
. macwionicum
put among
them,thougn
m
(
the East
Fromthe B.resemblance
Galhanum ceases.
(derivation
obscure) theisdrug
of thatclothes
name tois scent
obtained,
exudationnof the.
clear that it may not also be got from other species. It t* collected t rum the spot
Ouell
PENTANDniA D1CYNIA.
2!J
SSM Rraifatioo, rfltnaiUnriattat

"ta""U
top,
ml>0BtumM
g hnrtral anbei nled at ^
5 Sc , bnratcd leaflet. eMlre' LaUla

and two togcthc
< S1'1.1"' aKieled
saS5?^1""
bipi""atifld !hinine' '- *
.
" Lea,t" b'P>nnate, Pinna; linear di,tar,t
""
8*heHn, TEiSSI?,l! ', from

SSL ~
" Plant
)riH=- j "^"1. t>om.8imrni,"n In na
^.*iL.k"i t
"luuit. mere is also a
^ ^SSES^""
public
g . bear, a od
Class V.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
216
D
ap
Moris
s.9. 3.t7.l
D s.p Jac. aust.
t2S7
53599
rigidum
IV.IV.
83X)
Falcria
U
s.p
Jac.vuiA2.tl3S
$3601 lculum IV.
"647.
Sl'SON.
SS m.s
Eng. bot
954
3602
AmomumW. W.
bot
3603 sgetum
SI) m.s
aqm.s Eng.
Eng.
bot '228
227
3604
inundtum/ W.
Eng.
bot
395
D P.a.p.l779t8.fI.S
3605
verticilltum
W.
3606salsum W.
648.
CICUTA. W.
bot 479
DD COin s Eng.
FLalm.t76.Ll
3608 virosa
macuUta W.
UmbeUifera;.
So.
23.
649. CtFNIUM. W.
W Briuin hed. S Eng. bot 1191
i O ni 53 jn.jl
S609 macultum
O w jn.i W . G. H. 1759. .. s. I Jac vin. 2. 494
3610
africnum W.W.
Sp. 67. 1596 Dil . rar. h. 1 t.23
650. SMYICNIUM. W. perfoliate
ALEXANDERS. cul 3 UmbeUiferx.
my Y Italy
3611
perfolitum
IF. common
V in G Britain . S .1 tit g. bot 2j0
Q> cul 41 nimy.jl
3612
Olusatrum
W.
P.T
Candia
1731. D s.1
"-
3613
apiifhum
W. Sraaage-lvd,
heart-leaved 5 Ijjnjl D.Pn N. Amer. 1597. D s.1
3614Thpsia
eordtum
Ph.
trifuliata W. golden
N. Amer. 1699. DD r.m
$3615
IV. IV. entire-leaved i - 1Ujnmy.jn YY N.
Amer. 1759. r.m
3616 a'ireum
intcgrrimum
UmheUtferir. Sardinia
Sp.
25. 1548. S r.m
651. A'PIUM. .
Parsley.
3 jnjl L.Y
3617
*
CD cul
cul 4 jn.au W Briuin ditch. S m.1 Eng. bot 1210
3618 Petroselnum
gravolens Jr. W. garden
Celery
VmbrWftr*. Sp 1.
652. /EGOPCKDIUM. Goirr w i my.jl W Britain ih.pL D m.i Eng. bot 940
3619 Podagrria W.
Sp. 37. 1778. S Jac.
T vin.
2.t
* 1
P-AWD-MONRV. & Q) w 1 Umbeliifer*.

65.1.
ME'UM.
Jncq.
il
W Pyrenees
Coriauder-lvd.
3620
Bnius
Jacq.
Pu
Austria me.pa.
1774. DD m.a Jac.
All. pe.
1 6C
f1
alpine
5 r Ii jl.au
1
Mutelllna
A
S.
P.Y
Britain
aust4.
3[ w ap.jn
3622 athamiinticum Jac common
14
3602
t*ropafration.
Culture,
Withering the juice. In doses orfrom History,
two to fourUse,ounces,
either alone
or with milk, even- morning, is an excel,
en.
alterativelfnral.'Pf,
in cutaneousto.Armbk
diseases. name, In which language it signifies cnrvofl, Clien, Er, .
rw"*!Sn5
^,lta1-' "either
"""ivated
for itsfromrootaIcc(|orrtuber.,
wbich,frnm
boiled
eaten,
withi butter,
arc
suw-tbegin.
ami
EJ
be ,,1
ottil!U
,neand
mrmcr
the
In lie.m mZS
il\ may
, '",0 ,0 PL\""
comc
UP- lhe
"hethcr
inummer
rows orlf culture
broadcast,
thin
them,
so asMarch
nine
oror ten
square
.c
wi
"J
Dllmt
WUn
u',,al
the
roots
will
have
attained
their
full
tance
' ."!.moyJ*,1*! up as wanted for use. In growing from olReU, allowabout the same dis.
6? PS frZ ,i 0 ?"f.?f Aprn'ni'h
an<1 eivin
"al
*stream.
artlrwarda
i-uati
ie"1"
a running
Manva swelling
of the plants
suc
Ule Hon Thi.ÎL ,,'c .*?.""
Honewort, from
it. being
used formerly
to cure
in thegrow
cheekin called
mfnklmbmd li h"? f1 /? Vir8n <Ed- 2 no 5.), but of unknown meaning. . virosa is poisonous to
Si
It hot 'n 1?*' shl''
or K""thcm
i tnelo mcll
in toe iispring,
are apt tolike
cSmLiculatn
r L'"ablc*
,void being
lt c-weak
macult
used cows
In medicine
nofevidentr SS i . ??"" to,ta """ >
powder, dust ; but the application of the tern is
enine
Xi^
in . umC^thc
,s a.wo",cve,i'
known
plant,andlately
admittcii them.
into tficItavMateria
Medica.
thraaaMi
but Poisonous
,
goat,
inform,
us,fewthatorAc
the
insects rVrtriT
S ***-^
neu
is tocows,
beother
bad.umbelliferous
Curtisrefuse
savsplants
hemlock
eatenbybythe
no
Koniekn'k.L.
a.n,tul"u."alksof
this andcornseveral
are iscalled
country
nil)
!,(
-i
medicine,
hemlock
seems
to
act
on
tnc
constitution
in
a
great
measure
like
opium.
Fr7SmurlrZ,
?''*' " ? \"" <>f Ital &myrrh.
Its juice
smells
like myrrh,
Ith
llaeerou,as
3u^SM.T^*
Perfolitum
andsupplanted
olutrum
orcelery,
mayPliny,
he cultivated
whVt
, a..'.'J,i'',"tnou5n
tnc>'sown
arc nowMreh
almostinentirely
byare
the
which
theysome,
toautumn
Bix reie
inches
ih
;
.1
secd'
arc
rows
two
feet
apart,
and
afterwards
thinned
out
aiid'wint
. advance,
earthedandup alrum,
like celery,
arc ready
during
Our English
o .iri'i i*."
frnmthey
"'arepot-herb,
black,and,
fromliketheit,dark
colourforof use
its foliage.
651. and
^\^!
mer the
eorruption
of (iluaatnim.
tone,
ieni,!_"
si? ' ?l""r
' <-tlc IFr..from
placeGer.,
where
plant'grows.Ital.,A.is Petroselinum,
(nv,
lng herb,
and
uthes ilami ,i,amo.r'B
:!*1,"uml
Petersilie,
andthePesmelha,
a well
known
season,
variety
called
P3*'1"*
graiues
aa
likely
to
counteract
the
liver
rot
in
sheep
There
Hamburgh or large rooted panley, which is cultivated for its roots, which, as well as isthea
PENTANDRIA DIGVNIA.
S17
uline bipinnaie
Sed,
SOSe,
'- ,35S0
Iwo-lobed at end
0,es "a peduncles unooth
narrowmultifid pinnafifid
Leaflet*
and stews.
Thebecurled
thick-leaved
irille,
and should
thinned
when
- commonly
left oftobethe
grow
a* itofout
came
up
- men of turHice.
r^wbZJT-.w.wri'>*whMMttriad
plants, and is* >iea remarkable
Instance
effect
cultivanamburgh
sort
should
thinned
as each
***4eihfce ^]j!e Pwn
coarse,leaves
and unfit
to e;itin ; soups,
and blanched
in theandgarden,
sweet, crisp,
and
'ÛanotUanT'i
are used
and in Italy
the levant,
wherejuicy,
the plant
Z"1 4 i>init-that
inni-|
..i.]-also as,.[.a salad,
Herecither
both the
seeds are used
soupe
5Y***1F*"
way and
aloneleaves
or inand
composition.
One invariety,
^^tfVrhlS~5 fnr * root w base of the leaves, which assumes a bulbous form, is solid and
S *U*Dttin enm i lcry'adeePricn n*nl1 18 required, and especially asoil on a dry bottom. The
^*fcSll10Il|yiownin
beginning
April
a bedinches
for Irasunderimplantation
. the orplants
''Vit.Uh,.^-! , "u; int0 otherthebeds,
and placed
four orno six
At eight
twelveso
5HH
arc
SIX iivk-forw"l re transplanted into trenches for . These
0 thrpetrenches
ft4-t iV-irt
mw. --, the
the
i_ffrom
Class V.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
UmbelUfertt. S&n 1570- S .
65t.
Portugal
3623ANETHUM
gravolens W..
F.Englandch.plIndies 17
1810. sSS >a.
3624
seetum
TV.
3625
Sowa
Reib.
Italy
8 "
3626 Fniculum TV.
dulce
Britain me. pa. S s.1 Eng. bot 1503
655.
CA'RUM.
W.
Siberia 1816. S .1
3627
3628 Crui
simplexTV.W.
VmWWerx.
Sfi5-6\
Tind.l.tfS
9D Jac.
ljjl.au
VV S.Enropel771
656. CN1DIUM. .
Eng.boL2142_
England
mea.
3629 Monniri W.
Jac.
aust Lt.70
Austria
1774.
D
na
"
83630
Silus
W. TV.
Pyrenees 1739. D Gou. BLIL 15
3631
alsticum
bearded
Pyrenees 1731. 1* ~
3632 aristtum TV.
3633 pyren'um W. Pjirenean
Sp. 2234.. fl. 3
England
Hare'b-eart*657.
BUPI.EURUM.
JT.
2
Jn.jl
P* 1 my.jl o Switxeil.
1775.
JJD 00 Ha.h.n.771.tI8
3634 rotundiflhnn W. Thorough-wax
Plu.pb.l50.f.5
eUrry
SwitterL
1768.
3635
etelltum
W.
t
my.jl
Jac. 1 1. 1 56
rock
SwitxerL
176S.
Dco
3656 petrar4im .
ilj my.jl
o
SwitaorL
1759.
D
my.jl oG Pyrenees 1814. D Goffl.t4.tW

Sfslngulsum IK. angular-leaved PJ 1 my.jl
Cam. hrt t
1713.
Dco
i.yU.cum if.
W. long-leave,
Pyrencan 4 4g
3imy.e
mv.jl oo SwitxerL
Germany
1739.
DD s.s.l Jac aus. 2. t
S40
S641 Ugiflium
fawllum If.
twisted-stalked Pr_
TaurA
1807.
Go Italy 4& S Jacvind.3.t91
pr 2 jl
36*2 exalttum
Gou.ULt7.tl
S643
odontites W.Bifi. tall
narrow-Ieaved PiPr $} jn.au
jn.au GG Pyrenees 1790. D Lp Park.theatf.7
S'44
scmicomp53itum
W.
dwarf
bot 3.1.256
4/8
* jLau
England
seash.
a
s
3645 ranunculoides W. Crowfoot-like
G S. Europe 18(4. S Eng.
Pf 1 jl.au
S646 tcnussmmm
O S. Europe 1722. S o 5c8
Mor.au,
o. 9. 12 3
jl.au
3647
Gerrdi
W.
Pr 11(0jl.au g ... Lp Dend. brit 14
3648 jiinceum W.
. iAl
Europe 1596.
oLS
3649nfidum
W. f. naked-stalked
ptpr 3 jLau GG S.Gibraltar
ll84.
shrubby
3650
fruticsum
Spain
1752.
s CaT.ictti
thick-leaved
3U
coriceum
W.
Draf.atLl.t57
o
Orass-lvd-shr. *l_)pr 5l| au.s
3652
fruticscens
IK.
o
au.8
Spain
1752.
I.Le GailL8.t2.t3
hoary
,4653 canscens
P.
S.
o
I
au.8
G.
ft
1752.
*
inorny
thomy
various-leaved
* ii1I r'pr 1 au.s G So. 854.
3655 sninsum
difforme W.W.
llmbeUifcrx. Britain wa.pL D CP Engbot 75159
658. HYDROCOTYLE. W. Pennywort.
18*gDeo
M Hook.
, A \i myjn
marsh
3656vu1gris
W.
Hook- .fl.
ex. fl. 30
R Java
my
Nepal
1820.
shining
S657
nitldula
Rich.
m",1,'
Iiimy.au N. Amer. 1790. D P Spr.
Nepal
3658
nepalnsis
took
Spreng,
um. 1 1
a
tuberous
N.
Amer.
1795.
D
P
3659
americana Ph.
Ph. umht'lk'd
,G G H. 1690. D P Spr. ura.t.1-'
..
- 1 JU.au
3660 umbellta
ll.au
tbick-leaved
^
u_u
WiAI
N.
Amer.
1806.
D
P
3661
asitica
W.
G
PileworUlcaved,*;. iAl w 1 )n.)l G C. G. H. 1795. D P
3662
repnda W.PA.
hairy-leaved lAl w 1 au
3663vill6sa
Jaclci.t350
UmbeUiferx.
659. SPANANTHE Jac
U.au W Caracas 1795. D s.1
" Ql w 2 Vmbeifer.
3664 panlculta Jacq. F
Sp.
1.
660.
Baoan-sEBD. O cu Ii jnjl W Baruary 1800. S Df.a.l.t6S
3665ULOSPER'MUM.
dichtomum Lk. ..dichotomous
Vmbeltiferts.
Eng. bot 11
661. jETHU'SA. W.
Fooi.'b-pii3I.et.
42 La
W
". I S
36fi6Cvnpium W. common
.OP
jLs
W
3646
fine-leaved
^t
A
P
3667 ftua W.
Hisory, Ute, Propagation, Olm.

ofthe seeds are year!)
'imported
654. .
From
1fromto bum,
the plant
being very
beating,
"rjlg 1 theMrmiatives,
a,Am w
into
this
country
the
south
of
France.
They
s^^
plant for a crop
Is said, in the manufacture of the British gin. No one has succeeded in grow
.
and
Car,
655.1. A native of Caria, according to Pliny, b. xix. . Carm, 't^"^. hich are usee1' ltd
C. Carvi is cultivated
both in agriculture
and and
horticulture
: m.tn;.fo,irL'"ater In^thejMUculinary
art"
cake.,
sugarsplums,
spirit.,
formor aascarminative
arc .d
leaves toareform
sometimi
used astoantiavor
ingredient
in salads,
a pot herb, d^leJWM
pars.ej ,
. notoad
superior
in flavor Tho
to those
ofthename
parsnip.
nrarh anu
and recertainly having
656. Cmdmm.
ancient
of an herb, supposed to .have been an Orach,
nity657.to Buplturum.
the plants nowFrom
calledgvt,Cnidium.
_ How applied
... ;,is nnt
an ox, and rXivtn, a rib.
not anL These are pia"
markable among the UmbeUifcrous tribes for having simple leaves.
Oui .
PENTANDRIA DIG.
SI
isas *r Kiir wth "

H
nr. brav
"teil
h 7.
^fe*. Ott* ,
ribe
3-looed with an odd
"olate
three-leaved
form ong"lM *>
Wi,lravMtti^
, " axillary sc
~
nvol. many-leaved
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
220
1.1. m.aLp. D Eng.
W.
Masterwort.
662. IMPERATORIA. common
Scotland
i Acu
3(iG8 Ostrthium W.
Sp.
815. mar. D Eng.
Milk-Parsley
*663.
SELI'NUM.W. w. marsh
Britain
iS ww
DD Jac
3669
SwitzerL
1816.
3670 palustre
montnum W. en. mountain
Austria
1804Austrian
ww
D Jac
3671
austriacum
IV.
Auetria
1774.
Caraway-leaved
3672 Carviflia W.
Austria 1791. DD s.1 Jac
fine-leaved
J
"
Jac.
3673
Chabne'i
W.
Italy
1774.
Fennel-leaved 5^ w
D s.le.1 Sen.
3674
Seguiri W.Bicb. broad-leaved
Caucasus
3t75
latiflium
Madeira
1785.
ehrubby
ttL_l
w
$3676 declpiens W
: England
Sp.6\0. wa.pL fi m.s Floi
Angelica.
664. ANGE'LICA. W. garden
53677
Archanglica
W.
Britain
m. wo. DD m-s
Eng
Goi
wild
3678 sylvestris fV.
'u Pyrenees
1816.
decurrent-lvd.
.
D
3679
Raiolii
W.
Italy
*
D Jac
Cor
whorled-flowcr.;
3680
verticillns
W.
Canada
1/59.
53681 atropurprea IT. dark-purple
Canada 1640. S Jac
ihining
lcida W.
p.
S/J.1020.
665. LIGUS'TICUM. W. common
Lovagb.
D 1
Italy
3683
LevisticumW.W. Scotch
Britain 1596
sc. sh. SD
J. a
368+
scticum
SwitzerL
159".
3685 peloponnee W. Hemlock-lvd.
Austria bu.
1596.fi. SS Jad
Kri
Austrian
3686
austriacum
W.
England
3687
comubien'se
Cornish
Pyrenees 1804. SS Co
Pyrenean,
3688
pyrencum
W.
S J"
5689
arslcy-leaved
3690 cndicanx
peregrinumIV-W. Minorca
1804. DD M.
3614
balericum
W.
long-leaved
3692 longiflium FK
. Sp. 2.
666, HASSELQUISTIA. W. Hasselquistia w
S
Egyptian
3693 aegyptaca W
S Ja'
w
heart-leaved
3694 cordata W.
. Levant
Sp. V 1740. S Li
Arteoia.
667.
3695ARTE'DIA.
nquamta W.W. Fennel-leaved O w
. S.Sp.7-26668.
FE'RULA.
Giant-Fennel.
Europe 1597. DD .11
3696 communis W. common
Siberia
1816. D 8.1
Siberian
3697
siblrica
W.
IUly
glaucous
S698glaiica
W. W.
Barbary 1596.
SD s.1sp
Tangier
3699
tingitna
Levant
3700 orientalis W.
S. Europe 1759.
1596. D -1
Persia 1782. D s.1
ssa-ftida
prsica W.
r. Europe
Sp. 1417.1640. D
669.
LASERPITIUM.
W.
Laserwort
3703 latiflium
Levant
1640. DD
3704
trllobum W.W. W. broad-leaved
three-lobed
Austria
3705 aquilegiflium
Columbine-lvd.

S.Constant,
Europe 1796.
1683.
370fiKllicum
W.
French
6. DD
3707
trlquetrum
P.
S.
winged
S.
Europe
1738.
3708 angustiflium W. narrow-leaved
Germany 1759. D to
3709 pmtnicum W. Prussian
SG72
History,
Ute, Propagation,
Culture,
nguished
by being of a darker
different
shape,
flat,may
andbenotstopped
curled,byand
of a dh
It UTdcleteriousTo
parsley green,
it occasions
vomiting,
which
a verylar
givenwhich
to thisis very
plantacrid,
to express
its manyused
virtues,
LSZm{"p^r73
,A.11metaphorical
Masterwort. name
The root,
is sometimes
in U
in wine
instcad
ofa*rk
inof4uartan
**-in allusion to the crescent-like form of th
armu.
-rh"7,om
r,**"*>i
name
the
moon,
Uferous. Ureeke to have used the word selinon, with reference to the same plants I
i:iveallusion
agreeable cultivated
smell and inmedicinal
qusdUie.
*-J"
664. Anadien. So
prefix),to isitssometimes
gardens
lor HlW"1
m^l^S^lh
an aWen4ative
prefix
isidered
stimulant
and
anti.]ieet.leiitiai.
'
with
sugar.
It
is
considcreo
sum.
nine,' from whiehHii.?
Pio8Corid,
grow*I* inleviaticum
great abundance
in Liguria,
nei
en circumstance*' ?fy,e
iti are
derives
its name.
are somet
accounted
emmcnagogue.
Theandrootscoticum
is carminative;
a
herbs
or
ingredients
in
salads,
and
the666.leaves
is used as a purgative
in the Isle
of Sky. of his pupil, Frederick Hassek
Linnaeus,
in memory
Hastclqvittia.
So namedto by
1calves
Olm II.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
221
w]jpale
KBStemstriated, Boot
fusiform
divided,
Rayiofumbel
hispid
h ne"t
SBUrn
thrice
sinuated.
A many-leaved,
doubtful
epec.es,L^(WnSZi
*"
El
Semfurrowed,
Common
involucre
tned with acallousioint
1Sm hmml with acuteComm.
angles,invol.Comm.
invoL O,ofleave
Leafletsloose,
hMObteâ
!nê
ttimaiwaMttriatoL
O.O, Sheaths
Leaflets nmorm
KtSemrounded
striated,
Comm.
invol
LeafleU
'nMltoW^^
h
thwbrgcd
5ammuted, bx pinnat. subcor, Leaflets ov.-obl. atbase cartd. ^
te * leafless
StmwwdTaakedbeneath, Lower leaves bipinnate. Pinna; lanceolate entire and cut serrare
Letmdoubly pinnateovatelane senated with the odd leaflet lobed
Leafletiequalovatelanceolate
serrated
3t>79kafleulanceolate
serrated dmirent
. . _.. whorlea
miujUd
MULtBw
iDuchdivaricany,
Leafletsterminal
ovate serrate,
Stem with thepeduncle
Outercoirofleafletsunitedtogether;
leaflet stalked
'S1
>*- Leaetie4u.1l
ovatecut irrate
SHLeavemultiple. Leaflets cut upwards
36s3barnmaj
timetpinnate,
Leafletscut
pinnately cut
SSLeuMbipinaate,
leaflets: caulme
confluent
.
Laradecompoundcut
tmateentire
lanceolate entire, Furrows ofseed obsolete
^Lvtncîecompound,
i^fleU
pinnatifld,
Seg. linear mucronate.
Coram. >>>^l*^>mVsS
^ leaflWwedgâpcWsmlWh.Comm.
invol. llenv.leafy,
Kibsofseedmem. smooth
*)Involol
the 1stumbel
scarcely any
umbel*
membranous at base, Kaysbranched
K1!
beampinnate,
Lower
acute: ofthe
withLeafleU
alateral
smaller
one entire
*KLauesbOemate;
radicalleaflets
decompound,
lin. lane,
STOUitmpinnate,
aftLeatetcordate Leaflets pinnatitid
sry
gl^lmwvmlong.irnoic
mlinearsubulate
niuaced.
Comm. invoL
i^nrpn.dompound,
UsJetsbnmt,
linear flat
Sf^
Sepe.
3-toothed
unequal
shining
gST*!*."naked stbase, LeafleU setaceous
"esmpr&-4ccompound
Ppendage, many
Umbelscutnearly
acutesessile
decurrent, First umbel sessile
^s^4^))'c^rdl10tootbed- Teethmucronatc, Wings of seedscrisp
Ste***0** atbase lobed
)^^^1"^trind*
Segrn-oWonghlunti'li
a 1 tUouicrcnate,
point atInvolucresmany-leavedshort
end
!1121'11, ttriincrie*anguldr,
I-eaHeU with
obi. toothed
LawTi^?
entiretogether
sessile
ânceolate entire: niucr(,"ate
the outerJoined
"^ 3705 "

andat.Miscct/anfous
Particular!.
iihV'*nd'*c"
awlaiwl
Smyrna
in
752.
Autlior
ofTravels
In
Palestine.
A remarkable
P *ifdit Sn
tn be a morutrous alteration ofa species ofTordylium.
SS
S
".
>n
honor
of
Peter
Artedi,
a
Swedish
naturalist,
one
of
the first
whr.
**sBsMer*1"f1*"**
lo genera.
method inWMmodem
foUoweddays.b] Unnseus,
was,
,
J' Prr,
Zss52H ? ,ec wblrh
have beenHi*proposed
He died inand1735.
"
.
_2
10
>Ulkc'l1,c
*bks
were
used
as
a
rod
for
children,
because
they
made
more
i!^^^ritr'niiin?
mmSicilian*
take outoftheherbaceous
plants.
becomeslit
'ii, '*h* ftkSIT 5mthe
i.ith and use
it forThe
tinder.flower-stalk
It is verysoon
abundant
sVdntT^f
,T,ffalowt'CTsnlc
says,
it
grew
to
the
height
of
fifteen
feet
in
his
garden
R nfatSTn"^ obtained
firosn one
or more inspecies
this lostgenus The
natives
; and oneIn
*i *,,*
* lb*wTinWki^0UBh
mUoduccdto
our gardens
172, ofis now
drugofisPersia
the inspissated
uK"
thetZS!55?
"fparth
al,(l
across
at
the
top,
it
oolcsout,
andwhen
dry,
is
scraped
off
(J*** habit
P*ffT< The plant grows three feet high, with yellow flowers and bemlock*WpJ],'Vliin
lr,e Silphion
of theformed
Greeks.
D'Herbelotandsays,
that itie native*Or.of
Pm
/ Mme
sfrp, rfhenee
the Latins
lac lerpitium
Laxr}rtium.
PENTANDUIA D1GYN1A.
S22
5710
lairsilum
'. W. Sulphurw.-lvd.
i 2 jnjl P.Y
Italy 1791. I)D COeo
Italy
5711
peucedanolde
fine-leaved
S7I2Siler
mountain 5S- w 23 jn.Jl
my.jl Pk
W SwitaerL
Austria
1640.
3713 lucidumW. IV.
shining
1775. SDD CO
P.Pu
CD
eu
|jl
Levant 1752.
3714
femlceum
W,
Fenne-lcaved
5
w
H
jn
W
S
3715
pilsum
W.
en.
sulphur-colored^
Q)
CD
w
I
jn.fl
17.
P.Y
5716hiratum W.
hairy
w 1 jn.jl P.Y Alps 1759. D
670.
PEUCE'DANUM.
W.
Sulphurwort.
Sp.
621.
Umbrttifrra?.
3717
officinle
W.P. S. officinal
65 jnjl
my.jl YY England
Hungary saltm.
Mil. >D al
S718
arenrium
sand
3719
itlicum
P.S.
Italian
D cl
cl
Italy
84 jnmy.jl
Y
5720
al|>stre
W.
Alpine
D
cl
jl
France
1739.
P.Y
3721
sibricum
tV.
Siberian
D
cl
Siberia
1804.
3
jnjl
Y
3722areum W.
3 jn Y Canaries 1//9.
671. PASTINA'CA. W. Prsnep.
Sp.
4R.
UmbrUifcrcr.
3723
lucide W.
W.
shining-leaved
Europe ch.pL
1771. SS s.1s.1
3724
sativa
garden
464 jnjljn.jljl YYY England
3725
Oppanax
W
rough
S.
Europe
1640. D
5726 disserta Vent.
cut-leaved
1 Jnjl W Levant 1816. S
to~a HERA'CLEUM. IV. Cuw-pausnep"
Sp.
1019.
Umbelliffra.
3727
Sphondylium
hed. DD
44 jnmy.ja
W Austria 1789.
3728
flavscens IV. W.W. common
yellowish
jl W
3729
angustfoliura
narrow,leaved
DD
43 my.jn
my.jn
W Britain
3730legans
W
rough-leaved
isoo.
Austria
i
w
W
17rN.
5731
siblricum
W.
Siberian
I)
Siberia
2
my.jn
3732
Pnicos W. W. Fig-leaved
DD
Siberia
ISA
32 jn.jl
jl.au Vf
5733
austrtacum
17.1-'.
Austrian
Austria
W
5734alplnum W.
Alpine
SwitzerL
173R DD
5735 pyreniicum . Py'renean
Pyrenees 1798.
3lii jnjl
jnmy.jl
jl W
W
3736purailum W.
dwarf
W DauphinylSOO. D
673. TORDY'LIUM.
Hartwort.
4>.68. 1597. S
UmbcUiferir. Syria
3737 syrlaoum W.
Syrian
officinal
England
com fl. SS
4
levant
2 jl
W Italy 1596.
1739.fi. SS
ljjl
W
England com
Ij2 Jnjl
Jn.jl W
R Camiola 1416. S
674.
ASTRAX'TIA.
W.
-rwort.
Sp.4.
Umheifims.
3743
mximaW.. M. Hellebore-lvd.
180*. DD S.D
Pk Caucasus
3744
great-black
[ 22 Jn.jl
AL ofEur.l.fi.
my.s Str
3745 mjor
minor IV.
small
^
D ppl1
J
my.jn
Switzerl.
3746 carnilica W.
Camiolian 5
1812. D p.l
1 my.jn Str Camiola 1686.
675.
Hqf,P ZOMinjL
Umbrflifcr.
Sp.l. 1816.
3747ZOSl'MIA
absinthifoliuin
:. Wormwood-lvd. 2 jl.au
W Persia
676
RU'MlA.
Ilqffm.
Ruhi,
Umbcllifcriz.
S.
2. 1819.
3748 taTi rica . Taurian
1 Jl
W Crimea
3749 capnsie Lk,
. . H. 1822.
, 3718
Jacautapp.
t
Jac
ic.2. t350
Jac austS.
U45
Toum.it2.tI21
Eng.
bot 1767
P.rar.hun.l.t20
Lob. ic 781
P.rar.huiU. t-60
Jac.
vind.2.5561 199
Ena.
liou.il.bot
19 tl.3,14
Vent
cds.
1 78
Eng
bot
9
Jacaust2.tl73
Jac aust2 tl7*
Gmelsib.1.
t50
Lobcl.ic701
Jacaust
1. t61
Barr,
ic 55t53
Hortber.
VilLdclph.2.tl4
Jac
vlnd.
1. 154
Eng.
bot 34*1
Cam.hor.57.
til
Jac
vind.
1.11731. 53
Eng
bot
Scop, car.194. t8
mag.2. 1553
Ht6
Bot bot
t
Bot. cab. 93 1.10
'
Vent choix. 17
_
, Vie. Propagation, Culture,
on
on ??.".".'?.'
account of lU strongFrom,f.
,me I, whirh Pine-tree,
resembles and
resin. dwarf: diminutive fir. The plant i
Zh , F
wcTl kno""catculinary
root, and gro.n
in agriculture
for feeding
cattle.
?2?!2?^1!,!
with
salted
In thealso
north
of |Ireland
rt of beerj.
vield^n
** ES*.! "J
hl
i ery
goodP01-11"'wine uHah.
.1.
made
from
them
and by adistillation
they
SStZ<'ehIVtSi
L""
alR,rdc<1
b>'
llK
p.irsne,.
is
much
cultivated
In
Jersey
MSE E: . ?cl;l!,m'h,,.r The variety prefem-l i< . alle.l the Cduaine, the root, of which, anil
Dr.
"lllft '
' '
- 4"8"'. metimos
mn March,
four tMinc4tTiS
are rarely
so smal in M
c. "'
KTh,"l.oof,,"wi'"
bruary.nd
drill, to admit
of'stirring:the
mStSÎ
LVj2Lfi
,"
"
mthM
***
plant
ma,
have
a.urface
of
twelve
or
fourteen
and d% ? , U*Ual """TS cu,lure' ",e Crop will be matre in October. They may be Uken up
ue.pt, whcVe they arc S jSS table"" 1 " they
"" >'"" **
It is'c'K'cm'r^;'^'s.*!"''*,"' aml "xicure: a cure for all complaints' produces from its stem, when
672. ^"i?lL^ '* ffmu" cu.re in ,h0 EaM al1 X'f "f maladies, French author, was not only
a warrior but a mat nWi a i 'ro Hercul. ho. according to a modem vertebra, in allusion to 4
The seeds smell somew hat
t parts of Europe. The
One a
PEKTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
710Lme
piiinatlfld,
Segm.
lanceolate,
Stem
Leaflet* linear-lanceolate
veinyitalked
striatedCommon
diltinctinvolucreicarcely any,
S71 Luri.
Leaflet*
oviLlanceolate entire
ninmted
SB
iraJecranriind
LnearjubuUte mootil, Comm. invol. pinnated
3717Lere5times
Iparted filiformLeafleU
linearlinear c*tusestiffish. Comm. .lUvoL. scarcely M1S;iLTetcraMid-ompound,
3719Lam3-parted
libfonn
longer,
Umbels deformed
!3
Leaflets
liuearbranched
37I
Leafletslinear
acute, First
umbels
sessilelineai lanceolate : radical oblong -.
722Lnia
mrice pinnate,
Cauline
leaflets
37loralimpiecordatelobed
shining acutely crenate
-. Lm.m
Lent, limplypinnate
pinnite, Leaflet* with their
frontbase
cut outPeduncle* rigid villoui
6Stmrouadedroughbranched,
Leavca
bipinnatilid,
CTILwrapinnite,
acute toothed,
Cor.rough
oroneatedge,
shape radiant
raAianf
S738 Lmtopinnate, Leaflete5oblongpinnatifid
Leaflet*5oblongninnatifldacuminate
toothed
Ûâuciiiepinnate,
Leaflets
linear, Corulla fiWuioui
S30
Leaflet,piiirutitld crosswise
toothed
3731 lainpinnated,
Lesvei pinnated, TLeaflets
the intermediate
intermediatesessile,
ofone
to-m
XU
aalHion T5;each
. the
sessile, Cor.
Flower*
radiant
S7S1 1ympinnatedrugose
side scabrous, Flowers
somewhat
radiant
V
Lear ..imple enrdju; obsolctelytoothed
lobed serrated
HJ5Leavessimple3-lcavedcordate
beneath pubescent
*!*Lavessimple and tmatemany cuttorn, Segments linear
InToucres longer thanlengthofflowers,
theurnhcU Leafletsovate laciniatc
*rirtialinvolucresthe
vSSd.
furrowed
wrinkled
Universal
involucrecut1-leaved
SMImbellules remote, Leavesplaited.
pinnated
with roundish
pinnsc trid
gjI'nbebcluttered
radiant,
Leaflets
lanceolate
cut
serrated
IrlUmbetaclusteredradiant. Leaflets angular toothedpubescent
^^d^lvipaimateWobedunequanytwiceeerTat^;
caulinesenile
lobed, Involucre
gl Kadical IcqtcsMobed, Lobes Irifid acute toothed, Involucres
lin. lanceolate
entire longerthanmnbel
leavesdigitate.
Leaflets
about
7
lanceolate
acute
deeply
toothed
3.mdicalleavesS-looed, Lobesoblong acutish trifid mucronatc-toothed, Involucres entire
Hotrj, Leavesdecompound, LcafleU wedge-shaped trifid, Flowers angular, Fruit viUou
*^mdichotomouiknotty,
1Seeds
decompound.
-wStemsdecumbent. Sheathsloose.
smooth Involucre short, Female Bowers with a long ray
.
II 3747
J**1*
Gradin nfima
a,u Mba-Ualuvus
/.
,;;1-^.||,,,;,.
^ ".1111||,||1,,1,,|,
,. Kamtchatka,
atout the beginnliu ri July, coded
'""."
<)'!
i!
cm
i
bnZ.
i
P""*
"<be
rinii,
which
ii
very
acrid,
drv
them
separately
the
|Wir***hnnt cmc,^,, ' ,y lnem UP carefully in the shade in baga ; in thie state they are covered
C~i*> tbluteeired^TSi"
?with
''" 'Ti
thianus.ian.
being lhaken
off,
is eatenspirit,
ai v.great
delicacy.
Sft^blK
<emed
bilberries
the
diatO
an
ardent
hieb,
tlmehn
I feajSa'Iiiod,
blhiuniaT,?,!
.." 'P,riUhare
"00beenfrommade
conl.to extract
A klI1dlugar
of alefrom
i brewed
frombuttheforte
!ca*is
ami
Jjffja" altempu
this plant,
pound!
WEJbiu 1*1 nine 1.' Pu"d of powdery lugar. The young ihoou may be eaten aa
1 | jjjjg* Siberia and KaEaal*
"t horra' H- Iblticuni il med In the lame man.
^. ^*".>ai eeoi leem
tbbakiaathatif turned
the derivation
of theButname
to tie tofound
tw-.w, a lathe,I
in a lathe.
thil liaeemi
be ain commentator
T">
*o called
with reference to the beautiful starlike disandofnilaT;
oftheA.three
minor
in particular,
honor
palru'-sof
"c*. A remarkable plant,brothers
formerlyZosimades,
referred tothecelebrated
Ileradeum, native
Humia oi Ituiiuna, the goddess who presided over suckling, on
PENTANDRIA TRGYNIA.
224
(77.
CA'CHRYa
m
Sp.S10. 1570. D
3750
Libantia W.TV.TV. smooth-seeded
3 .
Jt.au
Sicily
3751 panacifa
Moraiti
Morison'e 55
wcu
il..- YYY Sicily
S. Europe 1732.
17101 DD
975!
W, Parsnep-leaved
w 4 \ Jl.au
678.
HIPPOMA'RATHRUM.
LA.
Hippomakathrim.
Utnbetlfer<r.
8p.
I.
3753 alculum Lk.
hairy
^ cu 3 jLau Y Sicily 1640. D
TRIGYNIA,
t679. VIBUR'MUM. W. Vivir,
2336.1596. L
5754Tinue
P.S.
.
Laureatine
il
' Caprifo/ifjoae.
mr.d
W
S.S.So.
Europe
L
m. hirtum
hairy
Klimpe
mr.d
W
virgtum
lender
Europe ......... LL
mr.d W S.S Europe
y lucidum
ttrictum P. S.
upright
mr.d
W
3755
sn.-lvd.-Lauree.
II
LL
p.l
Spain
1598.
mr.d
W
3756
rugsum
P.
S.
large-lvd..Laur.e
l
Canaries
1796
...
W
3757
pruniflium
fV.
Plum-leaved
fl
L
p.l
N.
Amer.
173L
my.jn
W
3758 squamtum
odoratissimumMuhl.
Ker. aweet-scented \_
China 1818.
f
W
S759
scaly
a
L p.1
1822.
jlmy.in
W N.N. Amer.
S70
irfriflium
Ph.
Pear-leaved
fe
Amer.
...
L
YV
3761
Lentigo TV.FF.
tree
mHI
LL p.l
p.l
Amer.
1761.
jl
W N.
376
ndum
oval-leaved
N.
Amer.
1752.
p1
my.jn
Pa.Y
3763
dauricura Pati.
Siberian
61
L p.l
Dahuria
1785.
jnjl
W
3764obovtum
Watt
obovatc-leaved
N.
Amer.
1812.
my.jn
W
L
p.1
or
2
punicif'fium
narrow
leaved
1K12. L p.1
2 my.jn W N.N. Amer.
3765
caaainoldea
or
Amer. 24.
1761. LL p.1
or
jn.jl Pa.
W N. Amer.
3766
lvigtum
TV.TV. thick-leaved
Caseiober-bjah*
p.I
oror 1023 jl.au
3767
ntidum
W.
shining-l
aved
as
p.l
N.
Amer.
1758.
my.jn
W
S768 denttum Ph. tooth-leaved or 5 jn.jl W N. Amer. 1736, LL p.1
3769
pubescent
Ph.
downy
tooth-lv.
I
N.
Amer.
1736.
L
or
3
Jnjl
W
3770
N. Amer. hed.
... L p.1
my.jn W
3771 lantanoldes
Lantna IV. Mich Lantuna-like
Wayfaring-tree ik oror 105 my.jn
Britain
LL p.l
p.1
W
oft
3772
midie
Mich.
p1
Amer.
1812.
or
6
jnjl
W
3773
aceriflium
fV
Maple-leaved
N.
Amer.
1736.
L
or
4
jnjl
W
Guelder
Rose
A
3774 0'pulus
W.
Britain
rooi.w.
L
p.1
or
10
my.jn
W
rtrum Ph. Snowball-tree
14 jlmy.in W
W N. Amer. ... LL pi
3775
Oxycccoe
Cranberry-like a* or
or
12
p.1
3776 dule
Ph.
eatable-fruited
or 12 jl
W N. Amer. 1812. L p.1
680.
SAMBU'CUS.
W.
Elder.
Caprifolicea?,
Sp.
79.
3777
E'bulus IV.Lindl. dwarf
D
:\C
Britain
wa.gr.
jn.jl
P.Pk
3778
Chinese
D
\V
China
1823.
3779 chinnsil
nigra
TV.
common
ray.jl
W
Britain
lied.
viridis Lk.
green-fruited
fi

my.jl
W
3780
tacinita
Parsley-leaved
myjl W
3781
canadensis
W.
.1
jn.au
W
N.
Amer.
1761.
3782pbons
Amer. 1596.
1812.
... W
37& Mich.
W.
S.N.Europe
my.jn
Gr.v
681.
Terebintceas.
3375.1596. L
3784RHUS.
CoririaW.IV.
iljl.au G S.N.Sp.Europe
Amer. 1629. SS
Class V.
Schk.
ban.L US
Mor.umb.t3.tl
Boc.
sic L 1 1
Bocc. ne 1 18
.
hut 492082
Bot.
mag.
Dend.
S3
Bot.
reg.brit
Dend.
brit4562224
Dend.
brit
Dend.
brit.2281
a
Bot
mag.
Pall. cab.
nmLt59
Bot
1*76
Plu.
aim.tSlf.l
381. S
Mil ici.
Dend. brit 5
Bot
Eng. cab.
bot. 1570
331
Dend.
brit.
Eng. bot. SSJ118
Bot cab. 1123
Eng. bot 475
Eng. bot. 476
Schm.arb.tm
Schmid-arb 148
Jac.Jc.l.t59
I)ond.
brit 17,18
136
l>cnd.brit
3758
History, firm
Vte, outside
Propagation,
Cu/ture, structure '"Sl''c* f agrjruUur
^ ,u hf
which
account allseeds
vascular
but very
of thissubstances,
genua are with
of that nature.
There
was cellular
aleo a Dr. , proiw
inRuminosa.
PoliahTheuniversity.
. moiwhi, the na
677.derived
Cachrys.fromOne of tothegrow
nameshot,given
by the Roman
to the Rosemary.
According
ta *** ol
was
on account
relief
thebyplant.
the J:,ik
chew their
the aceita
ofThii
C. odontalgica
lorknown
painofbyintheiUthecarminative
teeth,large
andqualities
obtain seeds.
me bsbj , withjivatior
which
follows
use.
genus
ia
well
corky
smooth
that
67H. Hippomarathrum.
Prom !m
horse-fennel, on account of iU sixe compara
common
fennel.
. ti)e Latin 9
679. Viburnum.
This name
derived, ofaccording
to the of
account species.
of Sebastian
Vaillant,
ma" gnWcrf)
dwMr, tin*
WTvtotie,
account
the ispliability
the shrubs,
branches
\.findtinu*
[flW*i.wny*
is one dunng
of theonthe
most
ornamental
of evergreen
with some
shining
loaves
shew)
tne r* hid
appear
winter
months.
V.
lucidum
and
strictum
are
taller
and
more
tender
ta
specie*,
of which
theylento,
are toby tie^
manyRrows
considered
varieties.aoila : it haa pliant mealy -iwm,
. ,n the t
V. lantana
(ftgajj
chiefly aaononly
calcareous
altbrds
a
bird
lime.
. -t t
V. opulus, (alteration of populia) var roaeum, is a moat ornamental shrub, producing tirge nitc
<W .
PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
25
1
TRIGYNIA.
mm
ufa
oblongbeneath
and
at
edge
ui
hairy
meveins and the you
Lmtw
Lestmlanceolate
the edge
!^5^
orate hsiryoblong
on bothat tide*
ititrand veins beneath hairy
1**
orate
lanceolate
shining
entire involucre 7-lcaved
j
1vetbroad
orate
rugose
hairy
beneath.
Common
Lamsobovrte roundishand oval smooth finely serrated with edged
*J*e|Keiraooth, Leaves
coriaceous
oblong with
distantly
obtusely
serrated.
Stalk*elliptical
and peduncle*
scalyto<itiu4
pubescence
5nooth, btares ovate nearly acute sulwcrratc, Lc.if-stilks smooth, Kruit ovate oblong, Cyme* stalked
Sie?>do*41c 'nate finely serrated. Stalks edged crisp
<rr* it!!? ' at base rather
revolute
at edge few-flowered
smooth above shining with netted veins
5?
withblunt
hairs,entire
Cymes
dichotomous
Jib*amootb,"serratedoited
Uamobovatc crenate
toothed
or ntire
obtuse, Umbels
sessile, Fruit roundish ovate
Smooth,|Ivei ovatelanceolate acute at each end crenate revolute at edge. Stalks keeled glandular
2Si*"**S".'"*'
UDe4uaHshining
*nd finely
serrated at base wedge-shaped and entire, Branches compr. square
S Leve
p"a'intjrlanceolate
S
oratetootli-serratcd
plaitedalwve obsolete!v serrated or entire, Branches square
LelTW.01' "mnate touth.rrated plaited puliesccnt
^
wromnrnt,cordate
Lvs. rounded
cord, abruptly
toothed with the stalks and nerves powdery
iLMiroundish
n w*'emilong
serrate
rugose acumin.
with
cord, furrowed
withbeneath
plaits -ne.tth
downyveins
withdowny
a verv soft pul)csccnce. Cymes radiant
SEu
ftKz
0VaU'
01"*"*
Uobecl
loosely
serrt
stalks
without
mutrts 3-lobed acuminate toothed, Sulks glandular smooth glande at base with and downy
am2tt^ltehcnind
Stalks glandular.
CymesCymes
radiantradi
sawreJ-tooedbehind obtuse-11
S-ncrved,divaricating
Lobes veryrarely
shorttoothed,
tooth-serrated.
Serrt acumin.
SScwS3"1^""1,
StlPu,c*
,Mfy.
herbaceous,
leaves pubescent
Ixneathquite smooth
' radiant
nC!ltn
abortive
fleshyStem
flowen,
Stem herbaceous
warted, Leaves
*iUraes5.jarled, Stem
arborescent
Stel^^ Wcsrmvnatind, Stem shrubby
fWfn
olate
acuminate
unequal
hairy,Stem
Stemarborescent
shrubby
""ic,
Leaflets oblong
acuminate
nearly
equalatatbase,
base, Leaf-stalk
Stalks smooth,
SuS!l!tms
scahr.hairy
abovebeneath
villous beneath, The last joints ofstalk-membranous
wwolate acuminatemucrtinatc
tinelr serrated
3777
miWr
tham >*> ,- tt
an MccUancout Particulars.
**'fc*^V*'Te f '^""6*1 Ukc thm "vc- With lilac, laburnum, and scarlet
Si?^0. ibutacc^^H""?1
1Thetreewas
^ 11'*always
sambuca, is supposed
to have been
ofsaystheit
anriilnardne?L
thatmade
Pliny
lILSZJb"* Uikm"olerSvT
& "t
a > S. ebufus famousfor
is supposedthistoquality
prevent; sodiseases
in swine
if
*Ski*>
thartic,
the leaves
drive trees
awav inmice,
and the berries
blue. and fruit
*5^5,(^
rac10, *
*cry shewy
shrubUTies
when dye
In flower
^^!<.\!..
irnd i lhc
'hc Frci,ch
flower* in rkcocttOQofthem
are diaphoretic
and
expectorant}toused
to
^
kS
heap*; orbut
casks
tith ^S*IDon8 countryZn!0"
w bcrri<'*Putatc**
poiwnous to inpoultry
make aapples,
powerfulwhich
wine
*'*abslw!!Lt
"WttrorsiSl
'
r"inino
elder
will
grow
either
exposed
to
the
sea
breeze
or
on
ftL aw*,',il - T^Lr a '"'"^-Ptaiit in funning plantations. To thrive and be productive as
^tfEfJ^'01
from th/^' rather
rich ">i.
w5 p.iu(ir.k
r,M,t ltmois^
Roia'and/,
signifying
red, oniU name
account
of the
WssjLfcV"*
of the sZ JrS**
Erilish
name, inU anCeltic,
alteration
of sfmdo.
in Arabic,
4Toxieod^ M thu genus the flowers are hermaphrodite; in others, as R. etegaiu,
1110 and female arc on separate plant*. In R. toxicodendron, tho-
Clas V.
PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA
nend. hrlt 15
S26
SL pl
1
w .
pl Di.eLt-213.C314
ja
O cu
Amer.
7
Dend. hriL 16
oo N.
S786javnica
W.
S
p.l
.m"th
N.
Amer.
1/26.
SS p.l
3787 glabra ,v,
Amer.
...
scarlet
* or
go N.
pl
3788
ciegan!
W.
green-flowered
N. Amer.
3789 vindiflra . dwarfpoisonous* P
L Dend.
Amer. 1806.
1713.
Km. brt
am.t19
oG N,China
3790
pmila
SS P.!
I"'.
Vamish
_ i_J
3791
Vmix
If.
red
Lac
ce
1823.
LAC
i
'
~
Nepal
G Nepal 1823. S
3792
or
37i siiccedanca
Bucku- Amela. . long-leaved m l_I
oo . . 1821. p.l
i_J
3794 juglandifha Ifatt. Walnul-leavcd
2
jl
glaucous
t1
eu
1823. pl
o Barbary
3745
glauca
beif.
6
Barhary 1824.
hawthorn
;
379f,OTyacinthaSr*ou6
pl
pl Mur. . g.HtJ
.prickly
.
1824.
Sicily
3797 oxyacanthodesDKm Parsley-leaved cu 3 .
1780. LS pl
Macao
Jac.scb.3.t3tl
3798 Zisyphtna . Service-leaved * L_J cu
N.
Amer.
loco.
2. t- 4S
3799 semialSta I.W.
SS pl
Duh.
Lentiscus-lcav. ec injl
N.N. Amer.
1640.
Botmag.
1846
Foison-Oak
P
Amer.
...
Duh.nov.
n. I7a
t
3801 Toxicodendron fit. common
jn.jl
S
*
P
N.N. Amer.
...
Dill.
elth.
injl
tt radican! L.
S
Amer.
...
T.
in
ni"
jnjl
.. " n
0 vera
L p.1
N.
mtall-fruUti
rrcrocarpaPh. '<
N. Amer.
Amer. 1759.
... LL pl
female sweet -* p my
S802y aromtica
my
C.
G.
H.
nwvolent
W.
p.1
p.
l1
CG.
H.
1798.
3803 penduUna Jacq. pendulous
rough-stalked
t_l
cu
G.
H.
1816
3804
dentta
If.
wedge-leavcd
L_J
cu
Com.
l. Li
.
H.
1789
3805 cuneiflia IV.
1691.
PL al. hot 219.
L
CG.
3806
If. Ir. cut-leavcd 4
1714.
C.G. H.
H. 1800.
3807 incisa
tomentosa
C.
G.
H.
Jac
sch.
S.
L
344
3808
villsa
If. W.
p.1
1774.
pbscent
, ;t-|
e.C. G.g. h.
L 21 1 6
3809
pubseens
plpi PL
Vvillow-lcaved
i_l
cu
1714.
Bural.afr.LSl.M
H.
3S10
vimlnlis
If.
c
narrow.lcaved
\_
cu
1800.
C.G.
H. 1816. p.1 Desf.atLl.t-T7
3811
cucu
Barbary
3812 angustiaba
rosmarinifoliaW. It . Hoseinary-leav. Bi1
* \I
1758. p.p Bur. air. I-
C.C.G.
G. H.
3813 pentaphylla Des/. various-lcaved
polished-leaved
|_J
cu
1697. p Corn, ho- IL*
3814
jl.au
shining-leaved
l_j
cu
C.a Europe
G. H.
H 1697.
3815 hevigata
lcida If.IV.
jLau
g
165 Jiuiaui L210
!.-1.
t-J
cu
jnjl
.
*
minor
Venetian
or
3816Ctinue If.
lip Bur. s*, t*
Rkamni.
9p.
CG.
H.
1629.
CasslNE.
682.
CASSI'NE.
If. Cape
Fhillyrea e.s* t_J
oror jl.au... V
CG.
H.
1791.
l s-,pK?
W
3817
capensis
If.
Colpoon-trec
i
I
.
a
i.
!.?Vent.Ch.t.2J
w
3818Colpoon
If. If. Hottentot Cher. t_J or
Antilles
1816
Pa.Y
3819
Mauroccnia
3820 xylocrpa fru. bony-seeded or Terebintaceee.
S ip Bot. reg.
Spatu. t i ... R
681. SPATHE'LIA. If. Sumach-leaved
3821 simplex If.
1684.
<tuoOSTAPHYLE'A.
issnfil If. If.
rarely Bower in this country, and arc chiefly cultivated tor tui
. ^
susceptible
of isinjury-from
badofmanagement
and, it ,
is saidto provoke
that 'hatof
Both lea'
R.
Coriaria
used
instead
oak
bark
for
tanning
lea">
an
mrt
Aleppo
at
meis
w
,,ed with
thisis plant
plant The
seeds are min win...v..
common use
.ter ,nthey.. usc
use it as a1
1 ne secos
~~ at.Aleppo
rs~ and toiling them In water
,,, . :- re
i., i,.. medicine
as *^f"^^bmia
.
and,R.seeds
are used
iavauiea
in
China
nh5>rds
an
oil
by
bruising
tile
t*
"
.
i,ick
varnish, bt it does not keep its ,li.h w*,U . Jg"^ the ^'^/w le Wros>u
**
^WTpu' Sleê SS."oNorth America, where o_ ^
"Ti^Z.U
the true
Japan vamish,
^f&t^M'p'"P
and
black when exposal
t the
Itbeis clearly
sowhich
transparent
,sb 01 r ncmo.fartlcle
[
furniture,
vein their
of the
woodair.mav
V. ithhatit wnei
tnt ^ ^,up..lihes,
doors and every
winnows,
drawers,
chests,
boxes,seen.
"F^J^-ifi,Alien
dark ant1
"",,, part^
household
madepoisonous
of wood.; andThethemilky
<J a " touching
shrub
is in furniture
a high degree
poisonju.e'
,.,11,- onor '"'"'"?,
he exitt > ties, and
aIcrJon
In forty.eight
hours
inflammation
appears
on the
skin,PUStulesrisc
m Unge hlotthcjtlJ nKsum,urac,
)Mtts, ami Sm,tly
tin -up"
tM
the
glandular
parts
of
the
body
:
soon
after
small
matter, attended with burning and itching. In two or '-^;^ howcrer, somewhat timtre
Inflammation subsides, and the ulcers heal in a short time. It operant,
0rn Ilr.
FENTANDUIA THIGVNIA.
227
Saf^ re """"
S,** aC!SS3 ehurau'
15^-'^^" ,,rw^ mam

au. made
Personsintooffairritable
habits
dct"- have
h utbybeen
irr,tab'e
habits
and finale
of one species,
distinct
genus
lia,
afterward!
the ingenious
Kafincuque
thin and
species,
and alsoLobakivm,
of R. succedanca,
acquires theM. consistence
srsons, like R. mi*. hu i - -aim relates, that of
felt
its exhalations
with
distance
onceit, the *' skin,
-,andmnao
neoffhadafterwards
covered'very
thickand
-m,
peeled
in
scales,
the collector, suflered severely for several weeks, after only
2 l<îhcr
the At<enn"uies,
it is calledinrorispkunm
Scotino.
iwbjiVi?*0*!AmiTinin
G Maurnmt"*0npar
arc Valcimara
"brubs withinhandsome
foliage,where
but generally
JsaS^^*1 l^dn^^^ Uspccitre name in honor of the Venetian senator F. Mauroccni,
*!j*. A( hiniwl. want nf branches make this tree resemble a palm-tree, anciently
fwT.^ , lounch.
rb'm1
whichfl"*ering.
form its fnuiificntion is disposed, Handsome hardy
Q2
Cuss V.
PENTANDRIA PENTAGYN1A.
228
Parlidacteesaco. Li Eng. bot 1318
685. '. W.
g my.o ^ England
E. Indies ~ Lp Vah..ym. |L^
3S4gUiea .
,r
Germany 1582.
* or 8 in.. Pk Sp.
53826 germanica . um
623, 1733. p.1 Hortclil tlO
i Jamaica
K6 TUKNE'RA. . Turner*. * of 8 Portulacc.
ip Bot mag. 281
Jn.B YPa,Y
Jamaica
8
ap.s
* or 3 ... Fa.Y Brasil 1733.
1821.
.P WM
*
Qm
1812.
Pa.Y
Brazil
o<
i,..,.
(lito.
elegant
3S28
2 ja.d Y Jamaica 1796. Se .l.I ^l^VLwl

ic. 1 150. t .
3829 iegans
trinifloraOtto.S$n~. Ketmia
[CD
cu
iS
177*.
Nettle-leaved
America 1789. 1 PL
5ac.iDd.ltM
1 jn-o yY Siberia
3830Pum'ila
W.
O cu
Betony-leaved
2
jl.au
3831
cistoidej
W.
or
clustered
3832racem6sa W.
t. 2216
1775. S .I
Dkypis.
687. DRV'PIS. JV.
CD cu
prickly
3833 pinosa W.
g
ro
Eng.bot
537
( ni.
668. AI/SINE. W.
Ort,
O ww J *, w France 1805. SS COce FL gncc.293
common
3834
mdia
W.
!
?4.
"t
S.
Europe
1777.
com
1
VP
W
3835
segetlU
L.
O
w
bristly
3836 mucronata I*. W. Orpine.
D a.1 Lam. ffl. t SU
Portulacae.
jn.au W Êurope 1658.
689.
TELE'PHIUM
i w 1 Portulaccee.
true
3837
Imperti
W.
S.
2-3.
S Eng. bot 668
&o.
.
England
600.
nun ^ ^
cu 41 jl.au
3838CORIIIGI'OLA.
littorae
W. Pourr.W. Band
jl.au W
W Spain 1822. S s
S839
telephiiflia
Orpine-lcaved )
Sp.5-22.1771. S eo,1 Gmsi.3.t*|
691.
PHARNA'CEUM.
W.umbelled
O cu aryophyUeii , Russia
Bol W
3840Ccrvina
W.
.E. G.Indies
H. 1795.
imyjn
W
3841
lineare
W.
linear-leaved
rt
\
|
cu
1752. ..;s.1 5-iSe*
11 jLau
W
3842
Mollgo
W.
Ladies'
Bcilstr.
n.
cu
G. H.
W .CG.
3843 incnum W.
hoary
tt \ | cu i ilmy.o W
H. 1782.
"Si s.1
3844 dichlomum W. forked
O cu Portulacetc. Sp.l.
r.m JaccoLl. tffi
692.
PORTULACA'RIA.
If.
Puisi.kNE.TnEB.
Pu Africa 1732.
3845 fra If.
African
tt |_] cu 5 Chcnopodc.
693.
m>i:. 8 JU P Îndies 1731- S r.m
3H46BASE'LLA.
rubra Lour.
W. IV. Mblack
redm.ahmi-Nh.iiTan
- CE
182J.
3847
nigra
cul
cul 3 lu w China
E.E Indies
lt8. 1S mPlaaltCS-tl
r.m
3848
lba
W.W.
white
-*-* 108
cul
Indies la
E. Indies
ira
;
6 Un W
w
3849
lcida
shining
QJ
cul
P.Pu
1S02. S r.m
385U cordlfoUa P. S. heart-leared O cul 6 jLn
TETRAGYNIA.
94. PARNAS'SIA. W. marsh
k
Pr ,J'lui w
3851
palustrie W.PA. Carolina.
_| A pr ^ $
Carolina
3852
Asarum-leaved 3
3853 carolinina
aear\flia PA.
PENTAGYNIA.
EvOLVtlLUS. Pr S ,. J?ma,ca -3| | ^ Bur.mitJaU
695. EVOI/VULU& L. flax-leaved
3854
linifollui L. i* emarginatc
g? V3
S Slmaica S co^
3855
3856 cinargintUB
nummularius L. Money-wort
3834 -
382 ^kJT
-4ra2av Hatory, Vu, PmpagMm, Culture,
^ m ^ rouiitriw.
shrubs. & pinnab has hard smooth nut., hich ":*;!.^* b '
|
hile in others the kernels, though bitor,
bitter, are eaten by the
inhal
itants. _of the ^,
where
Hie
1
5
5gS*,Wc
Pyrenees,
6S5. abundantly
Tamarix. on
Tamarisci
wereof nconle
people
who Inhabited
inhabited
the
^"""S-J't
bpam
,
a. it stands the 'sea brecic
grows
the
banks
tlieranans,
the
Tanaris,
now
oiueu^.v
called
the
lambra.
lamora.
-
B
J
^
grows
.~nTume.
...î Soas anamed
hedgebyplant
nl.nl
_turn, MJi. ^.
. bhn
i ors,tow of then
is nun
sometimes
used
in suchin situations.
Turner
>. Prebendary
of hut
Plumier,
memory
of
William
culturCj
of" 7^,:,
551:
dBdln568:'
All the
species are of the
Ixindon,
1551weeds
: died
15. PtKflia_llk(
AU
of.
any i-1/Hir.
beauty.Herball,"
They
chiefly
withInleaves
yellow
Cistus-tikc
.
L._b..
...Ith
nll.iu,
>(,11.
Its
armed
687.
From' arc
Xi^rra,.
to tear.
witntonrst.lt
688. Dry,.
Altike. From
2lr, shady
place,
wherearealsine
loveswith
grow,spines;
^8 of nD beauty.
^^^^
"mFTrlrvhium. Plin, says, Telephu, was a king of Mysia, and had his wound, cured by Ac .
plant
A little inconspicuous
weed,of with
the appearance
a ininuteto the
l>hni
. CorriekKo.
A dimmutive
corrigia,
a thong andof applied
plantn a.sr. ro|ygnum avion
V.
mtarta
shorterthan
flower-iUlks,
Spikes lateral
panlclcd,
lanceolate
subulate nuirrunatejoin*
stem-clasping
SfS^
feikes lateral.
sheathing,I-cavee
Branches
withlanceolate
turl.mate
StX |ku terminal solitary.
BradesLeaves
longervery
thanhrt
flower-atalk,
Leaveslinear
sessile
S8S7 Flowers Kttile, Leaves oblong acute serrate pubescent with twoglands at base
3
flownsessile.
scabrous
twobase
glands at base
*a>Bnct
lubulate,Leaves
leavesellipt
ovatecunate
acute atobtuselyserrate.)
each end with two
glandswithat the
&JuFloreasessile,
Leaves
withoutglands
Peduncle* axillarylong,
leafless.
Leaves
at end
Racemeterminal
Leaves
ovateserrated
unequally
obtusely serrated
A null glaucous plantwith rigidprickly leaves
S3*Petihbipartible, Leaves ovate cordate
M Petals enure. LeavesLeaves
subulate
entireshort,
bristly, Calyxes awned
I El Lm
Calyxes membranous
edge Branches leafless
:SffFlOwwtelked,
Nc:n diHiue procumbent,
Leaves oblongatovate,
JOPedunrl umbelled lateral aslong ai linear leaves
i"be,i unequal,
linear distantas long as leaves. Stemdepressed
LfiowcredLeaves
lateral.
J*- retendes
1-"ijimoii (icdunclci
very
long,Flowers
Leave*flaw, Stipules hairy
* Peduncle*axillary elongatedichotomoui, Leaves whorled linear
3Sti A fleshyshrubwithmany small opposite fleshy roundish leaves
Leaves iW Pcdune,., eimpl<! shorter than
11^. ' !
TETRAGYNIA.
-M 3851
Tâ,,,^ "M slender shoots of tht plant The CorrigioU modem timo is related to the
"*!!!1
Pwiy that
Ul?['hr,'C!L!Un!acCT'
kin8 nno
Pontiu, ho
Is said byumbel,
Plinyoftousually
have bee!
SlJS*1"'I
. p "ith
""I elegant
^^*Wls*attaaar..i?'a 1 wtulaca-like plant The leaves of this plant resemble
purslane,
first to
/been
hitetheflowers,
aria?* hotbed at Parum *PCC1C* of thia genua are uaed in China aa spinnge
planta:
they arc
M ** aMannerminaJ^V118, .awl transplanted into a warm border for the sameresemble
purpose,purslane
and arc
*astJh
*Pbntis feirned t.h
abodcup-fgrace
and beauty,
where,mort
on elegant
accountofmarah
of the elegance
basa5itloj'*pttabe:
couTCtona Ihc
SpTang
* P"1"1
ie one ofthe
plants,
""""halat.
*om 'iota), to tum , In the same sense aa Convolvulus, which this genus entirely
Q3
ClASS V.
230
Bur.
Kvl. L all
S
Indies 1733.
w F.Braxil
Chickwcod
GUpr
f2 jn.fl
181'J- U Bot. reg. 401
3857
alsinoldcs
L.
broad-leaved
_
[ZJ
pr
jn.jl
3838 latifluw her.
Dcnd.
brit46
31 nr 8 Araliacete.W Virginia MBS. RR pJ
696.
ARA'LIA.
W.
Bot
mag.
Angelica-tree
Amer.
17119.
3859
6pinsa
W.
W N.
.
8.1.t 239.
t.8
4- f.51
In.[.[.I
int 24 jo.il
DD p.l
sp
N.
Amer.
1658.
.3860
hspida
Ph.
PL
al
jn.s
sp
berry.bcaring
N.
Amer.
1731.
3S61
racemsa
Ph.
W
4
jn.jl
382
nudicailis
Ph.
naked-stalkcd
3
3862
nudicaihs
i>7. ACTINOPHYL'LUM.
Actinophvlli >i. Araliacea: Sp. 16.
3863 digititum rFo. finger-leaved or 10 ... G E. Indi 182tt 8.1
S.G.7. H. 1785. .1 Bot. mag. 20
"
Rocina. | I or 2 Crassulacc.
R C.CG.
38ft*RO-CHEA.
falcta f.P.S.Bec.
eickle-leaved
s.1s.1 Bot. mag. 49a
H. 1710.
1 i jn.s
jn.au
S
53865
coccnea
S.
icarict
j
t_J
or
1800.
tSH.CS
au R C.C. G.G. H.
538;
cymsa
.
cymose
J*
I
I
or
s.1 Pl. il.reaiS
1802.
alLB YPk C. G. H.
538o7 nava Haw.
yellow
jt l j or 11 jn.jl
1793. s.1s.1 Bot
H. 1815.
Bot
mag.
odorattssima
Haw.
sweet-scented
-at
i
I
or
CG.
H
\
ap.iny
W
Bot
reg.
SSOb
Pjasminea Shot. jasmine-like
ai
|| oror 2 mr.8 R G. H. 1817. .1
changeable
-u
$3870 versicolor Euren.

Sa
.1 Plant gras. IS
CnaasULA. J" I1 or 3 Semperviva?.
G.4483.
H. 1725.
599.
jl.au
W
m*.
C.C. G.G. H.
3871CRAS'SULA.
perfolita L. W. perfoliate
2
jl.au
Pk
branching
J"
I
I
or
8.1s.1 Plant grass. 19
1711.
14.
3872
W.W.
square-leaved
J-l_|or
II or 21 au
CG.
H. 1771.
3873 ramosa
tetragona
Rant gnus. f-S
an. - W
W
soft
1796.
Greece?
13874
mollis
W.
4
8.
W
acute-leaved
-* I>
oror J my.s G . G. H. 17Ji s.18.1 Plant grass loa
3875
acutlflia
P.
S.
Iiaked-stemmed-e
i|
53876 nudicalie W.
CG.
H.
1739. s.1s. Bot
Plantmag.grass384 lJ
tree
jtt_|or
34 my.jn
Pk
C.G.
H.
1759.
3877
arborcseens
W.
Bot
oblique-leaved
s*
l_l
or
ap
my
C.
G.
H.
1774.
s.
3878 obliqua W.
Bot mag
mag i"1
19W
white
J.|_|or i s o W
3879 lctea
sharp-leaved ) or 1 jl.au W C.G. H. 1732. s.1
53880
cultrta1.IF.
Plant
grass.
7
s.1
i7.;
Y C.G.R
ciliated
J-s* l_J
or 4IJl.au
17'
'7. s.1s.1 Bot
e.G.
h.
3881 cilita
Di. el.cali.t.99.58'
au.n W
1
I
1730.
53882
undultaW. Haw. wave-leaved
e.G.
H.
1 jn.jl P. c. G. H. 1HI 8.1 Plant grass. 61
--s t1
3883scibra
If'. Haw. rough-leaved
double-convex
ii
I1 ororor \ au w
1796 el8.1
3884
biconvexa
c. G. H.
Houscleck.lvd.
J
i jnjl
M? W
182i
3885
obvallta
W.
H.
W C.C. G.
1
J*
uj
or
1822. .1
S886 ramuliflra Lh. branch-flower.
G.
H.
w
3887 corymbulusa JJr. corymbulose -** l_J or 1 Jlau
C.G.H. 1789. s.1 Burm. afr. 1 9
AI I or 1* jn j w
S888
columniris
.
columnar
w C.G. H. 176. .
S8R9 imbrcala
imbricated
î-rj"'
53890
culscens W.
grey
f. " ljl.au w C.G.H. 1800. .1 Seddins. 3.1.8
Globula
caaiscem
Haw.
.. G.G. H.
1785. 8.1s.1
3891
P. S.
threaded
""Hl 1 ap.au
W
t. G. H.
H. 1759.
1774. s. Di.tLtlOO.C119
38! perfilta
punctata
P.T
larginlieIV., dotted
margined -**~
J. i_J or 21 jl.au
C.O.
H.
1732. 8.1
cllcida W.
pellucid
|_J or jn.s l"k
3894 pcll
C.G.H.
1774. si Plant
tJU
W
notched-leaved J* i) t
. G. H. 1774. 8.1 Bot cab.
3895
3896 spatl.ulta
cordata W. W. heart-leaved -as i 1 1 i my.au Pk
C.G.tt 1790.
al
lAlor
ap.my W
53897
tomentosa
W.Haw. downy
tongue-leaved
lAlotor 111 au
wvr C.G.H.
C. G. H. 1803.
1800. s.s.1
3898
linguaiflia
eotyledon-lcav.
iAJ
...
3899
jc 1] or i jl. Pk G. H. 1731. 8.1
3900 Cotyledonis
orbicularis IF.W. starry
tl8.1 Bot
Orange-flower,
3901
retrofixa
Herrn,mag.
lug.IJ*Vf
3902
llncolta W.. W channelled
CenUury-flow.
3903
centAuroidee
forked
53904
diebtoma
W.
3905 glomcrta W.
S8C8
, Ute. Propagation, Culture.

ftom Quebec, >
IMS. Aralla. A name of unknown meaning, under which one spec.es M 'V, U, on account ol
1|S4,
by one Sarraiin,
Angelica-like
leaves. a French physician. A. spinoea is an ornamental ,low .tree,,. ,_. disposed as it
ActlnophyllH,*.
FromAralia-Uke
..r. a planta,
ray, andwith^1.
a leaf:foliage,
because
ravs697.round
a centre. Fine
beautiful
but Ui
not w lui 4?ulcuou the "4"
anee of the flowers.
OwnV.
PENTANDRIA PENTAG YNIA.
231
$57
Procumbentvillous,
Leaves
lubscssilc.
dcflexcd
3858 Very hairy, Leave* subscssilcoval
oblong
cordatoCapsule*
acuminate,
Flowers sessile 3 together
Arbemrent, Stem andle.if-stalks

leaves prickly
3>viiScm!urthjlil-ose.m<]
hispid, llaves decompound
1 Seherbaceous
smooth, LateScapes
decompound,
Smica,
Leavesdecompound.
leafless Peduncles axilUry branched umbolled
Lcallt 5 ver/ smooth shining elliptical entire
'HLeaveappositencarlv
connate
oblong
with an auricleatontheba*c,coiinaUone side, falcatesheathing, Flowers term, sessile
" Lcava
Lweiovate
oblong
flat,
edgewith
acartilagin.fringe,
S4J
linear
with
a
cartilaginous
fringed
edge,
Stem
shrubby,
Cyme terminal
S7 Lavalinear
Leaves Hatconnateperfoliate
insheathing
corymboseat [anieles
S*
flat (ringed
withsmooth,
cartilageFlowers
connate
base,connate
Flowers terminalsessile
S*'
decumbent.
Leaves
ovatecruciate,
Head
2-(lowered,
Fetale
3ST0 Eract, Leavesoblong lanceolate with cartilaginous teeth at base sheathing, Umbel* double many-flow.
Learnlanceolate tubulate sessile connate
channelled
convex
beneath
1. Shrubby,
Leaves
tubulate.
Lea*blateabove
flat connate \perfoliate
smooth
much
spreading,
Pedunc.rooting
long, Flowers cyrnoeo
*i LejTfs(
Lavasubulate
incurved
4-comered
spreading,
Stem
erect
cylindrical
acute obscurely
gibbous beneath
smooth
nearly erect,
Cymesshrubby
termMl comiouml
I.waconnaterouDded
spreading, Cymes fcw.flowcrcd on long stalks, Stem shrubby decumbent
7Lnres
subulateradical, subulate
Stem naked
*n
acuteoblique
glaucousentire
dotted,
Cymesomewhat
Irichotomous
~ Laves
. roundishovate
I fleshy
S. Shrubby,
Leave*
broad, smooth.
weLevesopposite
acute
distinct
cartilaginous at edge
*wLernoviteattenuate
base connate
W
Leave opposite obovateatcultrate
obliqueentire
connatedotted
entireinside the edge, Cymes panicle-shaped
opposite!
ova! flaitish
flatfish\1distinct
fringed,
fringed.
Corymbs
crenated
broad,;terminal
distant,
ciliated.
, jTei
,"aves opposite
3. Sbntbby,
Shrubby,
leaves
mlamconnateorateexpanded
cartilaginous
upper ovate
Ej*"
nnateo"-aleexpanded
cremled;
elliptical wavy, Stem MHPM
dichotomous
> eavesopposite
spreading
connate
rringed.
^WeiTWKeipneding
roughoil
StemFlowers
rough backwards
JÎrtves
linear obtuse
sheathing
convex
both sides.
cymose,
^linearobtuse
on inngeil,
lides.
cymose. Stem dec
decumbent
SH"
obtuse
with
fringed edge.
Panlanceolate
SuZ-""
obtUM falcate
falcat*Branches
*>th a cartilaginous
edge,
^wtvtiobovatesubconnate.
jUtvobovate
iubronnate.
axillarysmall
few-flowered.
few-flowered,
PetalsFan.
la. long, Pedunc.
reflexedopposite clustered
1 LeavesM ""KcoUteconvex
lanceolateconvex
beneath, Corymbs
axillary. Petals
lan
beneath.
lanceolate
round ,rahricated.
imbricated.S A.**Fascicle
terminal
. fm"W
Shrubby,round
Leaves
broad,
very closely imbri*
imbricated.
S.
round
terminal
Usraonttacute
smoothFascicle
imbricated
rows,
blowers
Ltiveiradical
iI"* *cute
nwoth
imbricated
Flov axillary
Lavesradicaldecussately
decussatelv
imi~i
imbricated
' fringed
*inin rows,
lanceolate
cultrate sessile
hoary
.
\ cordate
5. Shrubby,
Leaves broad, very much perfoliate.
Sconnateperfoliate
dotted
glvaopposite ovate dotted fringed, Lower oblong
ir?**cordate
perfoliateLeaves
acuminate
item
flaccidcreeping.
oppositeflat spreading dotted within the edge
. u
\ 6. Shrubby, Leaves stalked.
acuteCymes
crenate,(nicle-shaped
Corymbs paniclc-ehaped
*wavestalked cordate roundish
obtuse entire,
SWVm, i
S Stem
Herbaceous.
Ml!-Lr,aconnate
lanceolate
fringed.
naked terminal.
Spike whorled
4 ,Icaly(
jEi" ""bnrtopposite tongue-shaped ciliatednearly
pubescent,
Mowers whorled
sessile close, Stem
Jluj uavaoblong obtusecartilaginous-fringed
ob,onf! downy fringed, Stemtufted,
ratherScape
naked,panicled,
MowersBranches
corymboseopposite
close cymose
-7
Su
remote
flat,terminal
Stem
Cyme
compound,umbellate
Flower stalks bentbackward*
3411 1
\ 8.simple.
Annual
orapproximate
biennial.
, .
iStanH-k"1"
,m,le,Leaves
<1<''<1
axillary
??**i
sessile ovate
oblongolilong
ovate
cordate
flat,recurved.
PedunclesPeduncles
axillary l-flowered
*kSSm7*CM'
L**
'te
channelled
axillary
1-flowercd
*<wnotomous rough, Leaves lanceolate, End flowers in bundles
" Cuttings root

Q4
Class V.
PENTAKDRTA PENTAGYNTA.
22
4.
S
a.1
C.C. G.G. H.
jn.o
smooth-cluster.
uQ] pr i jn.au
74. S bl
3906 glbra
Aloe-like
OJ
p907
Alodca.
W.H.
CG. H.
H. _S 8.1s.l Plant grass. 5
equarc-spked Ol iI jl.au
0008 capitlla
annual red
iQJ
1> my.jn
S. Europe 17'li SS B.1s.1
390yribcns
W. W. whorl-wered
LJ
10 vertieillans
G.
R
awl-leaved
iDJ
1774. s.l
3911
cxixuwa
W.
H.
i
Jll-jl
altcniatc-lvd. " jQiJ
pr
f"I2
siKirsa fF.if.
C.N.S.G.
G. W.
H.
LJl'r
ditlUee
91
I
my.n
lOJl'r
muiky
3914 moechta
PortuJacear Stu 15.
. cor. i 1193
GlBF.KIA.
0.
(jlSb'Mrt,
700.
GISE'KIA. .
W. FF. trailing
1 jn P.Gr E. Indica 178
39l5pharnaccoidea
S/>.25-5*.
Eng. bot,
1357
FlaX.
Britain
.
ti.
t701.
LI'NUM.
W. . common
S: kn.405
3916
ueitatiasimum
1822.so. I)D Wal
1 Hungary
5 O orag
Eng.
boL
England
ch.
3917 nervosum
W. $ A. nerved
or 32 jn.au
Bot ausL
mag.LtSl
1100
Indies 1799. |>.l Jar.
391
perenne
W.8m. perennial
ja.o
thrasatyled L_!
Austria
1759.
I)
SS19
trlgynum
Bot
mag.
11>^
or Ujl.au
Caucasus
1.
D
bi
3920
W. &.^.
Bot
mag.
~3921S hirstum
hupncifiium
1
Portugal 1800.
D1' Bot. cab. 19010S7
fcyriflium A. blue and white 5t or 1112 jl.au
8.
my.jl I! &S. France
89
narhoncnee
NarbMine
*
41
l
Europe
1777.
Jac. aiis.S.t.215
3923
rcflxum
W. (F elender-leaved
reflex-leaved ^* oror Iftbj. Pk Europe 1759. U
3924
tenuillium
sa.1777.pa. DS Eng.
Ger. pr.bot.1. 381
15. f.l
342-7 angustiflium H. . narrow-leaved ^ or 1 jl.au Kiigland
France
Jac.
vin. 2. 1.
annual-yellow
S.
Europe
1596.
J
3966
gllicum
W.
'
2
jl.au
Sweet
H.
g.
17
Austria
1739.
1>
3927
martimumW. W. Alpine
li
1775. DD Bot. mag. 1085
S928alplnum
1 2 lUu
jnjl Y11 Austria
Austrian
N.
Amer.
1807.
S99
austrlacum
W.
jlil
Virginian
1S07. tS pi Bot mag. 512
O
P. Missouri
11 4jn.au
Austria 1795.
1793.
3*31 virghiimim
rigidum Ph. W. tift-leaved
YY Europe
Bot cab. 125
yellow
3932
flavum
W.
J
jn.au
glaucous-leaved
1795.
3933 camnamiltum
Y Tauria
i1 jn.au
p.l
taricum W. en.W. Taurian
S.
Euroiie
1759.
my.jl YPk Spain 1759. p.1 Cav. ic. 2. 1 108
it
3934
W.
Bot mag.
23+
3!13f> strictum
mifinitirsum
17S8. S p.l
mag.40S
211 au
my.au
YY Candia
tree
.1 Bot
3936
arbreum
C.Italy
G. H- 1771.
Moris.s.5.ti>.l.ll
jn.jl
African
1739
3937
afrienum
W.
D
8.1
3938 nodiflrum f. knotted
dr. pa. S p.1 Eng. bot 38'
4Jjl.au
jn.au W
W Britain
purging
3939
G. H 17S7. S p.1 But mag. 4^1
deaved . \ I 2 ny.jn Y .Sp.t-32.
3>W cathrticuin
quadriflium W.*. four-lea1
Eng- bot
Sun-dew. * j Droscracete.
702.
W.
jLau W Britain
bot. SJ
3941DRCVSEUA.
rotundif.'.lia
W. round-leaved
Britain tur.ba
tur.lK). SS Pp Eng.
iJjl.au
jl.au W
Eng.
bot 86
long-leaved
^
S942
longlflia
England
tur.bo.
S
p
"W
great
*=
3443
nglica
H.
K.
N.
Jersey
1811.
S
p
thready-leaved * I my.jn Pu
3944 flirrmi9 Ph.
Buttneriacea:, Sn.23.
W.
Com.wkbbonia.
703.
COMMERSO-NIA
Bot map.
reo. 6031813
broad-leaved
* or 3 jnjl W Moluccas lSOfi. .P Bot
'394
platvphylla
.
M.
ami btmfptifV* B. Hep. hairy-leaved * i I or 4 np.my W N Holl. 1808. l.p
8915
,off,Ust;
Propagation,
Culture,to dry, up
the wound,
Utting
before
they are planted,
up the
wr that they may not
if laidrequire
to dry anofew
day . after
rot They
covering,
but cuttir
may be placed
in
any
convenient
situation.
}o'wci-j
Danish botanist, who lived about the end. f ,hc centuryMl. I.:.;, /,';, me,*-, .ist.. ,1, .1,,,' ...s,, in Grcokjând '""^ûWvaS'^'jVJ
remotest
nntiquitv for its cortical fibres, or boon, which, whenen,,icl1sejiarated
sejiarated
from
the
matterôr
flo(h
from
tue woody
wuuujwove
summer
wee.1.
intoheart,
.
into linenduring
clot".
oedcap.u,''"rc.carefully
reinoveil
IVthe
ande"
whenVh"'
if,
'""'is<"Bl,l,n
Pd""er,
in(ifandApril,
broadcast:
technically
called'by
the
growers,
forms
lint
and
tow
v
'
bundle,.,"
'"!,
it
i
l'Ulk4l
up
tLP
''''
'1
,
seols
desir.4ll
when
The
seed,
are sown '"a
on well
comminuted
loamy soil, 141';| tori, off by a comb, and the stalks tiedthem
"ndcr
the"2!**
pond
or
pool
iSJSSti!
comb, are thrown, and kept
decay
orof &
'V being !,
Int.
this"
waterorhe
bundles
bank,
,. 2,"'"dirated
b, where
the wharkth, J^'f"
hv H"j"'forouttcn
tilloranonappearance
of
"ext
taken
f;'"ight,
SJSZl
takt'"
4"ed onfortnight,
the glSo,
the gravelly
tivator.
do
ntV'V,
!1'0"
quite
dr,
tiedUnto'E,e
dow
3I"1
''eats
accelerate
the
progress
of
decay.
It
''". and ha. Sr ''7J" ln bu *?" { m "<"" by the lax-clcancr. Some cul,.
"eral,
'ê * ellfce't
of a
e o1
r hm'T,
*"rfce
'"' Krass
"rm",d'
,vnich
" calW
eparatei. ne,the"
the "l9les
caiino4'"rdew-ret,
; "'e"'Cmore
practice,
yet
however
very,|C"'
gc.
and the ,ib?ebutby tom,'1""tack
inrecent
.saving
ofnotcorn,
and
afterward,
nlncry. By
ti, rQCCSS
a cropI bUill(J
of muc|,
greaterto
Cui
V,
1(
", Ieave* Fowm

and axillary
solitary
-flowered,
tetVamlS
SlfiSepaliovateacute3-nerred, Petals crenate, LMM lanceolate. Stem nearly solitary
M Scpeltand
leiteobture
lanceolate subulateAS
nervedSterne
smooth,
Stem* ut end
MSepa!
Tbotte
5-ncrvedStyle
smooth,
SIL
Letw*hair)
elliptical
itcule about
nearlyentire.
3, Caj>alternat
ulenumerous
tl-cellcd ascending
Sepal*
acuminate
sessile alternate,
Leave*
141
Sepal*hjiry acuminate.
spiked,
Spikeupright
revolute,
MSepal*aruminate,
LeavesFlower*
lanceolate
Mattered
*"
SUSqulaniBunate,
leaves
ovate
lanceolate
acuminate
reftW
uiiuutn,
Mlamentepubc
connate
cordate-ovate
*>|1.
tow
scattered
rough
backwards
. at
~ont
ded
branched
CScpalicDipucal
Swerved
and
I"'
acuminate,
Umvea
linear
lanceolate
.Vmrvod,
Mem-,
numermi*
.mint.
^tapabtuhdatciratc,
lanceolate,
7SepjJ*
ovite acute Munt,Uave*
Uavelinear
lanceolate
lowerPeduncle*
opposite of panicle about g.dowered.
Sepakrnuntiedobtutc,
Leave*
linear
acutiah,
Stem*
declnate
1*Nepal*rounded
, Capsule*
Leave* linear
straight
aWJSepal*
acute ruminnte
alternate,
Stemacute
panicled,
: radical
ov.ite
mSepak
ovstc
viwrved pointless.
Mssnd, Leave*
very itiffUave*
short. lanceolate
Petals oblong
very narrow
Wgkacuminatescabrous,
Leaves
with
two
**base ofthe leaves dotted with glands on bothglands
sides at base, smooth at edge. Cor. monopetalous
MHjylisubnlate, Leaveslanceolate upright mucronate rough at edge
Leaves wssjjMhaped,
linear acute rough,
half shrubby
Leaiei
StemsStem*
arborescent
;j
linearlanceolate,
Flowers
terminal
stalked
y*
FlowersStem
alternate
sessile, Cal.
as longPetals
as leavea
ttcbovaictaoeeolate.
lanceolate entire,
dichotomoua
upwards,
acute
>Uwe*Utrthcr
Sj^Ta
orbicular
radical,
Scape
racemose
erect
saperadicalascending,
Leaves
oval.
Stigmas Stigmas
emarginate
-îpes
radwil
erect, Leave*
oblong
lanceolate.
**
radicalbranched,
Leaves
very long clvate
[ ovateacuminate unequally tooth-Remtcd, rough atiovc downy IxTieatli
lonS cordate serrate hairy on both side*
^d3*^-^1& (1 botanist,
ratissa ^î^s:^
Class V.
PENTANDUIA POLYGYNIA.
234
BuUnertaeete. Sp. L
701. RULING! . R.Br. Rvumu,
Lp Bot mag. 2191
1 my W N. Holl
3947 pannâ R. Br. cloth-leaved
plumbagine.
Sp.
1130705. '. If. s. .
... I>1 j Sch.boLhan.L87
I jn.au R Europe
Eng.boL2J6
3948
vulgris
W.W.en.en. common
Britain .
3LH9
maritima
sea-side
Cariiithia
... g *}
395)J alpina If. en.
flat-stemmed
France
S. Europe ... I' s- Cav. ic. 2. t H
3951
arenria P.IV.cn.
S.
sand
3952
ciliated
Spain
8.
pI> .
3953 littoralis
allicea IV.
Garlic-leaved
Naples
1816.
S.
Europe
r:
6.
1816.
D s.1
3954
denticultaVrfotoii.toothed
3955
If. en. Plantain-leav*d
mj n S ^gJ g J* jac.vmd.l.L*J
3956 plantaglnea
srorzonrcfliau.<"n.large-headed
3957 latiflia W. en. broad-leaved
3958 fasciculate W.en. bundled
Plumbaginetc. Sp. 3270. D s.1
Ses-laVENDER.
. statice.
Siberia
1780. D s.1 F.ng.boL!02
Grass-leaved ^ oror 11 jn.jl
England mud.e.
3989
graminiflia
W.
my.au H Siberia
I>1) s.1s.1 Gna sib. ue
3960
LimniumIf.If. common
1796.
J or 11 jn.au
(mielitis
3961
Gmelini
Sillera
96.
jn.au
D p-l
Broom
3988
scopria
W.
R Siberia
J oror 11 myjl
broad-leaved
Italy 179L
J6 DD s.1s.1 Scop. Ins. 1 1- 10
3963
latiflia
If.
my.au
Olive-leaved
t
3964
olcifolia
IP.
Barbery
1781.
i
jl.au
It
oror i my.jl Gibraltar 1) Barr, ic R05
3965 emarginta
auriculsefliaIf.IF.*. Auricula-leavedJ
emarginate
JJ _4
.1
S966
S. Europe
1752. SD s.1rra
blunt-leaved
.1
oror %my.jl
3967
conista
W.
G. H. 1783.
ljjn.au
my jl .Spain
rough-branched
11
DD s.1 Eng. bot. 32H
3968scabra
W.
twiggy
J oror i jl.au It England mud.8.
3969
t'asiiian Sea ... SI> s.1s.1 grc. 29
3970 virgta
reticulataW. W.en,en. matted
KB
1
jl.au
Caspian
or
S. Europe 1752. D s.\ Bot mag.
3971
caspia
P.B
rough-leaved JiiJor
Ol or 11 jl.au
3972
echloides
Barbary
Pu
Bot. mag. 8K
3973
spathublUW.If.Detf. spatula-leaved
liussia 1804.
l/6. DD pi
11 jn.au
jLau
W
Plantain-leavedj
_AJ
or
s.1p-l Bot.
3974ipeciea
Russia
1804.
Sweetmag.
fl- g
-1 or jl.au Pk
D
3975 conspicua . M. showy
Russia
1731.
Pk
Tartarian
or
P-l
3976tatrica
W.
Siberia
1791.
Pu
1
jl.au
ligsag
pi
3977
CG. H. 1800.
6 jn.jl Pu
JJ L_l
ppi Plu.aLL2(iaC3
3978 flexusa
purpralaIf.Thunb. purple
1658. SSS a!
H Mediterr.
small
oror
3979
mindta
W.
OmA2.L88.CtS
Caarle*
1780.
triangular-stlk.
J
I
J
or
r.m
3980
1"9.
my-e Pu Siberia
.
sic 1L28.16,"H
jg i1 II oror 3\ jl.au
D r.m
3981 pectinta
suffruticsaIf.. narrow.leavcd
Sicily_
31
piu.alm.
Siciliaii-shrubb.
s.1
3982
monoptala
If.
1796.
Siberia
YP.Y Levant 1629. S r.m BoLinag.71
Fennel-leaved j) lAlor
or 11 my
3983
ferulScea
If.
scollop-leaved J 11 or 1 my.s
D s.1
3984sinuata
f
1806.
.LIS
jn au P.Y
winged
3985alta
W.en.
1784. r.m
Barr, ic t.
HW Barbary
\ jn.au
) lAlor
r.m
curled
3986
mucronta
If.
Sicily
1
my.s
11
D
r.m
3987 globulariflia Detf. tough-leaved
IN'-':;.
Egypt
Pk ctaries 1824 r.m
JJ iAl
oror 21 jn.au
hoary
3988
incna
myjn _W
3989
Link. large-leaved
l|my
W Egypt 1823. D r.m BoL mng.2363
J lAJor
Egyptian
3990 macrophlla
sgyptlaca Deiitlc.
POLYGYRIA.
Sp. 1.
707. MYOSITRUS. W. MOUBE-TIIL. O cu iJlanunaUacc.
ap.my Y Britain cor.fi- S Eng.boLtfi
small
3991 minimus If.
70S. CERATOCETH ALUS. P.S. Cehatocepiulus.
slckle-leaved
w } my
3998 falcStus P. S.
, 3953
3947
"'3949
3964^
3958
U
3957TT II tt
Hittory, Ute, Probation, Cuurc,
Ordere. A pa"1 lC
704. Bii/in,-,,. Named in honor of J. P. Rling, author of an Essay on the Natura r
v
laletl
toArmera.
Commersonia.
_This .is a genus f. .,,,.,
niants,
for edging
the m0SZpi1L ,]Cxt t
705.
Derivation
unexplained.
*^0
valuable
suite!
or growing in pots. A. vulgaris is considered the_ mo^
the box.for rock-work,
. , Tbu is a very nrnamcl;
oru
706. Static*. From rrwn^s to stop. This plant, says Pliny, stops diarrhcra. in
Olm VI.
PENTANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
23
3M7Theonly ipcfi
3W8 Stupe rounded
rounded pubescent,
smooth, Outetleave
of involucrum
acute,
linear
flat obtuse
Scape
Leave*
ofofinvolucr.
obtuse.
Leave*Leave*
linear
flatlin.outu*e
ciliatedincinbr.
at baseat edge
)Sapecompr*l
imuoth.
Leavesthan
involucr.
elliptlinear
rounded,
leaves
flatacute
61
Sapelong,
Brsrte*
4
or
A
lunger
head,
Leaves
stitt"
smooth
Scape
rounded
smooth,
Outer
leaves
of
involucr,
lanceoL
acute
as
long
as
head,
Leaves
lin. flat fringed
&53Scaperushy,
linear lanceolate
acuteflat,flatthenarrowed
downwardsLeavesofinvolucr. ovate
uitetmooth,Imvcs
Scape
simple,
toothletted.
t'uScaperounded
roughiih,
Outerleaves
leaveslinear
of invoL
obi. ov.tirstacute
: innerobi. obtuse, leaves li"1" lane. arum,
S6Scspe
Outersmooth
leaves of."-nerved
involucr.acute
elliptical Leaves
mucronate,
leavesacute
lane, flat
Leave*roundedsmooth,
lorn; laiiceul.it*;
of involucr.
edg
i-rved
$Scaperounded
smooth, entire
Leaves of involucr.
elliptical soft.
obtuse, Leaves
linear acutechannc
'""channelled
Branchesieotnered.
a>)scapepanicled
rounded,Leaves
leaveslinear
wavychannelled
at edgeoblong smooth obtuse mucronate beneath
.1*11 Scapepuicltd pubescent,
leavesandelliptical
twneath
and nearly
J'SScapepanicled
much branched
Ivs. ovatemucronate
oblong obtuse
somewhat
wavy,smooth
l>enratli mucronate smooth
8topepanicled
much
branched
rough,
Leaves
pubescent,
Hairs
in
starry
bundlessmooth nearly blunt
38flapcpanjcled
rounded,
Lower
branches
sterile.
Leaves
oblong
spatulate
obtuse
Sib Snpelimpie rounded, Spikes lateral and terminal 1-sided, Leaves spatulate acute
U^spitulateemarginate,
erect panicled, Upper branche* simple, Lower bifid, How. 1-sided
fScapepanicled, Leaves spatulateScaperetusc
J* Lvi
, ****ne*hat
radicalacute,
obovate-oblong
Branches rough
*B
umc
wedite-shaped
Scape
erectobtuse,
roughish
Fl. 1-sided,
Cal. at.
edge membr.
Tfl)1 Une. cunate obtuse, Scape decumbent
braiicheilbranched
panicled,panicled,
Fl. branches
1, Iites
;it edge
*J
t'Vy*1111
BcsM
erect
branched
rough.
Sterile
branche
pectinate,
Fl.
very
close,
lirac.
5ni h *'lh hoar! <^t* ^"V*1 panicled rounded jointed much branched divaricating, Leavestransparent
spatulate
**1"esspatulate
obtuse
glaucous
entire
on
long
stalks.
Scape
rounded,
Flowers
racemose
1-sided
g***P*branchednearly
round,winged,
Branches -edged
Fl. imbricated,
Lvs. obov. cuspidate mucronate
$' . dichotnmous,
f)'i BranchesLeaves
cor.
aggregatewinged,
in interrupted
spike*,
f-jbScape
lanceolateFLmucronate,
Flowers
alternate
distantBractes acum. longer than caL
^-ipedichotomouscorjTnbose, Spike-headed, Kl. imbricated, Lv*. lane, wedge-ehapetlmucronate3-nerved
SN
3-nerved mucronate
m si ruld'!rI/,ave*
1<af>'i "'wate
Leaves wedge-shaped
clustered wedge-shaped
smooth pointless. Scape few-flowered
m
i
BIS?
panicled
3-comcred.
Iuves
obovate
stalked,
Spike* l-eided
W?2^^by
naked
above
and
hranched,
Heads
seseile.
Leave* lanceolate
sheathing
SH
,i"^* 1>
solitary,imbricated,
leaves lanceolate
sheathing
3M
*
I
bnmched
liranches
with
a
bristle
4; hrrtMfi,u hedged, Radical leave* lyrate ; cauline linear at end
"? R*dic*1 leavesentire,
sinuateSpikes
; caulirie
lanceolate, Peduncles cunate 3-wingcd
S&^tmelliptical
1-sided
bul
rL'U1"1'"11' Hunches clustered, leaves obovatc spatulate mucronate smooth, Cal. acute
*'.*)' 1
T"
i
"
',4'aV("i
I'l'ictnLite
l-nerved
wavv
mucronate
atFlowers
end, Itrauche*
of panicle ^-cornered
Hid "i ihatesla,lu,atc
winged, segments
close
alternatelyKhucous
pinnatifidmucronate,
sinuatcd, SossM
lntennediate
ofcor.corvmltose
linear
Cun V.
PENTANDUIA POLYGYNIA.
236
Rantinculacr*. SpA.
Bot mag. 1736
73XANTHORHl'ZA.
W. Yei.iow-ROOT.
.ilISn. W.
ttmlcy.leaved
. or S f.ap pu.Gr N. Amer. 17 S-P
alRTlA T/TITA IV.S. procumbent

SinBALm*. ti it- ci^B'J Eng.bot.857
^ctmbeai
Am.rutllS.tl5
1 jn.au
I 1 jn.au Pk Siberia loUu. D .'1
39"* erecta W
BMf, . nwito, ftrff. ' "''"''"^.^- col' of the *

Xanthorhiza.
From f.,
yellow,
ami , I dull
roo>,,DUrpUsI"ggj^
"'' MXlron n.all
noicrs.
pjûrgh;
ATO.
.mall
shrub,
with
much
and...branche
of phys.c. at BUM
710. SMaldia.
So namedcut&c.
byleave,
I.iniuru.,
memory
of S.rw.th
loberl
author
of Scotia Illustrata,
1684. Small
alpine plants,
theaspect I. AfcnaniU,.
Class VI. HEXA NDRIA. 6 Stamens.

Tuts
clau
contain,
the
moit
beautiful
of the herbaceous
plantalalia
of our
garden.. ofWith
exceptions, it
IsloacoiiMdcrablcdcRrcea
natural
assemblage,
roniprclH-niling
thoea fewfavorite,
dener.,
the order. AmarylU.tar,
Asphodelcic,
Broinoliacc.T, liliaoi-a-,
and Melantbacoa-.
The clanof gar
aUo
i'h "'"'1
* ' ,4';'"
lnll"Sof ne
genera of Bcrbrriilcir,
allnumber
Hypoxidcir,
and many.pcc.es,
Juncea.
. di<"toe,
or
lilies
the
hot-house,,
conii.t
of
a
of
beautiful
the
generic
I M." 'V .. ".
'id d.llicult to determine. Much attent.on ha. Iiecn paid to the .ubj.v
r.,!r.;'.'''
other.;
by tbereTonner,
perhap.,andwith
theextreme
moat character,
.ucee i asimilar.
great deal*"
. ^ IIer!;;rt.,and
Iru,,d,,'m,lU
"r ,hc S""
veryand
olicure,
theirT.lland.ia.,
Among
lir
*
delirious
pine-apple,
the curiou.
M>
ofthewh.eh
arocas,
called
ruh..
hl.
7"T
"d
,hc
<>
llli
".included
in
Asphodles*.
.ame
arc
wild , iL ,., V ' '''^ ""' PS'" ! many other curiou. little plants. Tbc Phorm.um lenas,
I K . f Ne" Zealand; the aloe., curiou, for their fantastic foliage; the frag" '
ST
Ilitl 1^JS.4n
r'
S valu>Mc
important
article
of food
in all tbe tropics,
aresomeall ofconta.ned
svhh are"
curious
bamboo,
rush,worthless
the^wecf
ESSm.
"";'rthc |,'
" rte, the ,
others asan.lthethemot
weeds of ourJ
andTMl'li'um S ."
up of the n*tural order Melanthacea;, among which the Colchicum
Order 1. MONOGYNIA.
6 Stamens. 1 Stylo.
1. Monocotyledons. Perianth superior, colored.
A. Perianth with the orifice surmounted by a corona or nectary.
7l's WSL.84^ . ^"1 " fuimeUhapcd, of a single leaf. Stamen. Inserted within tbt_
dclint" uS ,,,!','0W,l'r, "ngent nodding. Crown formed by thc dilated bases of thc .tamens. Stamcni
714
1 crtuucwhich is splitregular.
on its upper
asm
ful|nel-.haped,
CrownsideHeshy, short Stamens inserted into the edge of, .v.,
U
thc
.?'"'
,?,h"ifu1"c,r*,,,,|,<4i'
^regular.
Stamen, umtSSS.
erect, included,Stvlc
united
by theirStigma
dilated11,
Cajsmle =fflSiii: T**?"- , Anthers innato. Ovary 3-ccllcd,
filiform.
3.10
the'"o
"unncl-.h.ipcd,
a 6-partcd
limb. Crown
tubular, with
a 12-toothed
716.alternate ", utbi.r.bMruig.
-4
Nenia membranous.
varywith
lnxlled,
2-lsocdcd.
Style filiform.
Stigma
obtuse. ..!"
Bcn-dilatcd -* iw", formcl-shapcd, with a tube narrowed downwards thickened at thc base, with
b-cleft Stamens erect, upright Stigma thickened, obsolctely Uifid.
PENTANDRIA POLYGNIA
237
. Perianth with the orifice naked.

Lophkla, Flower woolly, 6-partcd, bearded
Authers erect Filamente naked. Ovary nearly
* Stigmainside.
undivided.
superior.
Jnignaeikut
.imlui*. Flower
woolly,
longerIncurved
than the: with
filaments
: limb 6-parted,
Pericarp
3-celled.
Tffl
Flower
tubular,
a
G-parted
irregular spreading
limb. Stamens
inserted
into the
mouth, iKtndiog.
Guxmannia
hai Perianth
Km Seethe superior. Stigma
Cor. of%lobed.
2 peUli:
one of which
U erect inferior.
and 5-toothed ; the other concave
mdhooeyJwarini.
manyneeded.
i InwM. C*l o.BerryCor.oblong,
3 petals3-cornered,
Nect 2-leaved:
one of the leaves bifid. Cape. 3-celled, many-seeded.
Min
two
with
an
arillu*.
721. Amerito,
Calyx 2-leaved.
Petals3-valved.
3 convolute
Stamens inserted
in bythea bristle.
receptacle. Anthers
**w4
Styleieomercd.
Car*. 3-cclled,
Seeds
numerous,
terminated
i.
Agar.
Flower
erect,
tubular,
or
funnel-shaped.
Filaments
longer
than
flower,
erect.
Capsule trian-stedcd.
i
fW.ro.
Flower
campanulate,
-uarted.
Stamens
inserted
in
a
gland,
thickened
downwards,
com,
[4.tubulate it end. Capsule 3-valved, icclled, manyneeded.
M CvtsioMM.
, CalC*L3-fid.3-pHrtcd,
Petalsnota superior,
A honey-l>earing
scale at segments.
base of petal.Petals
Berry3, 3-celled.
with
convolute
rolled
together
into
a
nm
Anthcn united
m3-leavcd,
a cylinder.halfCaps.
3-celled,Petals
3-valved.
Seeds numerous,
oblong,
naked.
..
Cal.
inferior.
3.
Stigmas
3,
twisted
together.
Caps.
3,
opening
.
M
terminated
.it eachconvolute.
end in a lonCor.bristle.
mnsjsMK
(^l or3-fid,
persistent,
3-fid, campanulate. Caps. 1-3-ccllcd. Seed*
l*A*W| Flower monosepalous, 6-clefl, 2-lipped. Stamens inserted into the tube of flower at the
W.- iioKttihat,
*1"-.Sepals3,
'"'oluctc
many-leaved,
many-flowered.
Flower fi-partcd.
concave.
Cup formed
of 3 small margnate
sepals. Berry
Stigma3-celled.
simple.
S *
uTt f*ft,
~ campanulate,
5-parted,
with the
the sepal*
Stigma simple
spreading. Style
thickened
belowendstheofmiddle,
andthickened.
cohering occasionally
with the
:IftliPSj
Capsule inferior,
roundish,with3-celled.
^
J
'""nel-form,
halfsix-cleft,
a
filiform
tube,
and
a
spreading
recurved
limb.
Sepals
IfcMH1..Flower
Seedsincurved,
fleshy. tubular, clvate, 6-clcfl: segments ovate oblong. Filaments inserted
Wls^nTT*"'
7& Seetbroundjjre*dine'
lr*u ^parted. w*Ty*
Capsule8111,11011
turbinate,
3-winged,
nearlyintransparent,
^**iei
declnate,
unequal
direction ormany-seeded.
proportion. Capsule
w^lTKSu-*^", nddmg, irregular, funnel-shaped, ringenL Filaments declnate, unequal in pro1
^Vr
numerous.
&nffia J~"T^
n er *T,lcal
Seeds numerous,
flat away from the
m."*!- iJt.t!_
^parted,"Ituhu-.
ringenLStamene
Stamensregularly
declnate,spreading
with the upper
one erect, and
Aibm
(eTufu"
7CT
VCTtic*1.
regular,
funnel-shaped,
with
an
erect
limb.
Stamens
slightly declnate.
^jyg^Seed round like peas.
^
Seeds'" t nearly
reKular>Stamens
funnel-shaped,
an erect
limb.intoStamene
nearlyof
^bwjT^V^""campanulate,
nodding
declnate, with
unequal,
inserted
a fleshy rim
w>wlT JES?,
}*m*m\VmZ7JZ3a*:
erect.truncated. Berry clvate,
"jgÛSel
o-Pwted, withaPibmcnU
filiform shorter
very longthan
tube.flower.
SpathcAnthers
obliquely
^^^ * """Shaped, incurved. Filaments iiisertcd into the throat Ovary at the
2* * W- a, linear.
i?1"!*11111*1*
2-lippcd, the 3Jkangular,
two lower half.tubular
the base.
Tj""*^
Caps,orroundish-oval,
3-valved, oratpulpy
within, Stamene
and not
n.iLiidh. SepaU reflexed- Anthers united In an acute cone. Caps, oblong, 3-celled, 3-valved.
Ki^^
Mower fi-parted, superior.
long,Stigmas
narrow at3, diverging.
the base. Seeds
*^*^.la]!ed.fi*eat'
^"ofoneTalve.
Style veryCape,
short.
Caps.roundish,
1-ceUed,
S.*"Monocotyledons.
Perianth
inferior.
**1. Scales3
Perianih glumaccout,
irregular.
5&
i#*^^.tflow^^kto*
Glume
2-valved. Style bifid. Seed 1.
faj^""wrinked.
arla. (JhimetT.ui"?!
' ^l, imbricated
' arevul'ed.
1-flowered. backward*.
Pale 4, in pairs, the outer compressed acinaei.
HEXANDRIA.
238
CLAss VI.
B. Perianth not coloured, regular. Stems herbaceous. Aroideae and Junceae.

755. Acorus. Spadix cylindrical, covered with florets. Sepals 6, naked. Style O. Caps. 3-celled.
756. Orontium. Spadix cylindrical, covered with florets. Sepals 6, naked. Style O. Follicles 1-seeded.
757. Tupistra. , Cor. 1-petalous, 6-fid, nearly equal. Anthers sessile in middle of sepals. Style 3 cornered,
thick. Stigma clypeate, 3-lobed.
758. Tacca. Cal. 6-parted. Cor 6-petalous, inserted into the calyx, bearing the anthers.
Berry dry, hexangular, many-seeded.
Stigma stellate.
756. Aspidistra. Cor. 1-petalous, 6-fid, equal. Anthers at bottom of tube. Style stipitate. Stigma cly
peate.
760 Juncus. Sepals 6, persistent. Stigmas 3. Caps. 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds very numerous.
761. Luzula. Sepals 6. Stigmas 3. Caps. 1-celled, 3-valved, 3-seeded. Seeds fixed to a central re
e.
C. Perianth not colored, regular. Fruit, a drupa. Stems arborescent. Palms.

762. Corypha. Cal 3-leaved. Cor. of 3-petals. Berry 1-seeded. Seed large, round, bony.
763. Licuala. Cal 3-parted. , Cor. 3-parted. Cup truncated, band-like. Drupe 1-seeded.
764. Thrinax. Cal. 6-toothed. Cor. O. Stigma funnel-form, oblique. Berry 1-seeded.
765.
766.
767.
768.
D. Perianth partly or wholly colored, regular.

Tradescantia. Cal. 3-leaved. Petals 3. Filaments with jointed hairs. Caps. 3-celled.
Dichorizandra, Cal 3-leaved. Petals 3. . Two of the stamens separate from the rest. Caps. 3-celled.
Agapanthus. Flower funnel-shaped, regular, six-parted. Stamens declinate.
Blandfordia. Flower tubular, withering, with a 6-lobed mouth. Stamens inserted on the tube.
Anthers fixed to a base, like an extinguisher. Ovary stalked. Stigma simple. Capsule 3-partible. Seeds in
two rows, with a loose downy skin.
769.
"
Flower campanulate, with a cylindrical tube.
Stamens declinate.
Stigma small,
simple, villous.
770. Aloe. Flower tubular, with a 6-cleft spreading mouth, and honey at the bottom of the tube. Filaments
inserted into the receptacle. Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds in two rows, with a membranous
edge.
771. Lilium. Sepals 6, campanulate, with a longitudinal honey-line, and generally reflexed. Valves of the
capsule connected by a mesh of hairs.
# Tulipa sepals 6, campanulate, style O.

773. Fritillaria. Sepals 6, campanulate, with a honey-pore above the claws.
Flower
erect. Filaments thickest in the middle, or simple.
774. Dracaena.
1-seeded.
Berry 3-celled,
775. Phylloma. Flower 6-parted, tubular. Sepals imbricated. Stamens hypogynous, included. Style seta
ceous. Stigma simple. Berry coriaceous, many-seeded.
Aletris. Flower funnel-shaped, wrinkl
Stamens inserted into base of segments.
with many seeds.

777.
Capsule 3-celled,
Flower 6-toothed. Stamens inserted into the receptacle, exserted, alternately longer. Cap
sule 3-celled, many-seeded.
778. Weltheimia. Flower tubular, 6-toothed. Stamens inserted in the tube. Caps, membranous, 3-winged,
with 1-seeded cells.
779. Sanseviera. Cor. monosepalous, with a filiform tube, and a 6-parted revolute limb. Stamens inserted
into the limb.
Berry 1-seeded.
780. Tulbaghia. Flower funnel-shaped, with a 6-cleft limb. Crown of the throat 3-leaved; the leaves bifid
as large as the segments.
781. Yucca.
Flower
782. Erythronium.
spreading.
Sepals 6, campanulate.
Style O. Caps. 3-6-celled, with a hole at the end.

Two little tubercles attached to the base of every other
wal.
":
Gloriosa. Sepals 6, wavy, reflexed. Style oblique, trifid at end.

784. Bulbocodium. Sepals 6, funnel-shaped, with narrow claws bearing the stamens.
785. Uvularia. Sepals 6, erect. A hollow at the base of the
ls. Filaments very short. Flowers
solitary, axillary. Capsule compressed, 3-cornered. Seeds with an arillus.
786. Streptopus. Sepals 6, campanulate. Stigmas very short. Berry globose, polished, papery. Seeds
naked.
787. Convallaria.
Flower 6-cleft, campanulate.
Berry spotted, 3-celled.
788. Smilacina. Flower, 6-parted, spreading: , Filaments diverging, fixed to the base of the segments.
Berry globose, 3-celled. Flowers terminal, panicled, or umbelled.
789. Polygonatum. Flower 6-cleft, cylindrical. Filaments inserted into top of tube. Berry globose, 3-celled,
with
ed cells. Flowers axillary.
790. Ophiopogon. Flower half superior, persistent. Anthers sessile. Stigma simple. Berry 1-seeded.
791. Eucomis. Flower 6-parted, persistent, spreading. Filaments united at base into a circle. Capsule
3-celled. Seeds ovate. Scape with a leafy crown.
792. Brodica. Flower campanulate, 6-parted. Filaments inserted into the throat. Ovary stalked. Capsule
3-celled, with many-seeded cells.
70% helio anti. Flower rotate, 6-parted; sepals vaulted at base. Ovary 3-celled, with 2-seeded cells.
794. Aphyllanthes. Spathe glumaceous, imbricated. Flower 6-parted, with a spreading limb. Capsule
3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
Sowerbaea. Sepals 6. Filaments 3, each bearing two anthers, with three sterile filaments between
":
them.
796. Allium. Flower 6-parted, spreading. Spathe many-flowered. Umbel clustered.

797. Albuca. Sepals 6: the inner conniving; the outer spreading, generally with a green stripe at their
back. Style 3-cornered. Seeds flat.
798. Xanthorrhaea. Sepals 6, persistent. Filaments flat, naked. Caps. 3-cornered. Seeds two, compressed,
edged.
799. Thysanotus. Flower 6-parted, spreading, persistent; with the inner segments fringed. Stamens
6-declinate. Filaments smooth. Ovary with two seeded cells. Seeds 2, one erect, one pendulous.
-
800. Eriospermum. Sepals 6, campanulate, persistent. Filaments dilated at base. Caps. 3-celled. Seeds
801. Gagea stamens adhering to base of sepals. Style clavate. Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved, covered by the
enveloped in wool.
remains of flower. Seeds small, numerous, round.
802. Ornithogalum. Sepals 6, erect, persistent, spreading above the middle. . Filaments dilated at base, or
subulate.
Caps. roundish, angular, 3-ceiled. Seeds roundish, naked.
803. scua. Sepals 6, spreading, deciduous
Flowers white or green.
Filaments filiform, attached to base of sepals.
Flowers blue
or pin
804. Puschkinia. Flower 6-parted.
Cup very short, 6-toothed, covering the throat.
Stamens within the
cup.
805. Massonia. Limb of flower 6-parted. Filaments attached to the neck of the tube. Capsule 3-celled
3-winged, many-seeded.
HEXANDRIA.
CLAss V1.
239
806. Eremurus. Sepals 6, after flowering, rolled together stamens naked, rolled togetner inside the flower,
barren, much exserted.
Style after fecundation reflexed.
807. Rulbine. Sepals 6, spreading. Filaments smooth. Caps, ovate. Seeds angular. Leaves flat. Flowers
generally white or purple.
$8. Asphodelus. Flower 6-parted, spreading. Six valves covering the ovary.
809. Anthericum. Sepals 6, spreading. Filaments bearded. Caps. ovate. Seeds angular. Leaves succulent,
fistular.
Flowers yellow.
810. Arthropodium.
c:
nearly round.
Sepals 6, spreading: the three inner wavy at the edge or fringed. Filaments bearded.
11. Chlorophytum. Flower 6-parted, spreading, equal, persistent. Stamens 6. Filaments filiform, smooth.
Ovary with many-seeded cells. Style filiform. Stigma I. Capsule deeply 3-lobed, with compressed veiny
lobes; three-celled, 3-valved. Seeds few, compressed.
812. Caesia.
Flower 6-parted, spreading, equal, deciduous.
each end. , Anthers inserted by an emarginate base.

Capsule lobed, or clavate at end.
Stamens 6.
Filaments beardless, narrowe: at
Ovary 3-celled, with 2-seeded cells.
Style filiform.
Seeds ventricose.
813. Narthecium. Sepals 6, spreading, persistent.

with an appendage at each end.
814. Dianella. Sepals 6, spreading.
Filaments filiform, hairy.
Filaments thickened at end.
Caps. prismatical.
Seeds
#.Eustrephus.
Flower 6-parted, the 3 inner sepals fringed. Capsule berried, 3-celled, 3-valved, many.
816. Asparagus.
Flower 6-parted erect; the 3 lower sepals reflexed at end.
817. Drimia. Flower campanulate, 6-cleft, with revolute segments. Stamens inserted into the sepals.
Stigma capitate.
818. Uropetalon. Flower six-cleft, with the alternate segments shortest. Capsule membranous. Seeds
black, shining.
819. Hyacinthus. Flower erect, 6-cleft, with equal segments. Stamens inserted in the middle of the flower.
Cells of capsule 2-seeded.
820. Zuccagnia. Sepals cylindrical: the 3 outer longest, lanceolate, setaceous, reflexed. The other charac.
ters of Hyacinthus.
821. Muscari, Flowers ovate or cylindrical, very shortly divided. The other characters of Hyacinthus.
Lachenalia. Sepals 6, obtuse, the 3 inner the longest. Stamens erect. Capsule 3-winged. Seeds
globose.
823. Phormium. Sepals 6, the 3 inner the longest. Stamens ascending, exserted. Capsule oblong, 3-cor.
nered. Seeds compressed.
1:
824. Cyanella. Sepals 6: the 3 lower hanging down. Style and lowest stamen declinate. Capsule roundish,
3-celled.
3. Dicotyledons.
i 825.
:*
Cal 6-leaved, deciduous. Petals 6. Six leaves inserted upon the claws of the corolla, spread
ng at en
#:
Caulophyllum. Cal 6-leaved. Petals 6, opposite the calyx. Cells of anther opening at edge.
827. Diphylleia.
Cal.3-leaved, deciduous.
Petals 6, opposite the calyx. Anthers opening with a membrane
dividing from the base to the tip. Berry 1-celled. Seeds 2-3, roundish.
828. Prinos., Cal. 6-cleft. Cor. monopetalous, rotate.
Berry 6-seeded.
829. Berberis. , Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 6, with glands upon their claws. Style O. Stigma umbilicate. Berry
1 celled, 2-4-seeded.
830. Nandina. Cal many-leaved, imbricated.
Petals 6.
Berry juiceless, 2-seeded.
831. Cossignia., Cal. 5-parted. Petals 4 or 5. Capsule 3-celled, opening at end with about 3-seeded cells.
icled racemes.
Cal double, the lower 6-leaved, the upper superior, 2 or 4-leaved. Cor 6-cleft, with a very long
Flowers in
832. hill
cylindrical tude.
Anthers sessile, in the throat of the coro
Seeds comose.
833. Richardia. Cal. 6-parted, persistent, superior. Cor. funnel-form, 6-cleft. Stigmas 3, capitate. Fruit
3-partible.
Seeds 5, truncate.
Canarina. Cal, 6-leaved. Cor 6-c eft, campanulate. Stigmas 6. Capsule inferior, 6-celled, many
seeded.
835. Frankenia. Cal. 5-cleft, funnel-sha

Petals 5. Stigma 2-3-parted. Caps. 1-celled, 3-valved.
836..# Cal. campanulate, with a 12-cleft mouth. Petals 6 or O, inserted in the calyx. Caps. 2-celled,
many
Order 2.
DIGYNIA.
$4.
37. Oryza. Glumes 2, 1-flowered. Paleae 2, nearl

838. Atrapharis. Cal. kleaved. Petals 2, sinuate
Order S.
839. Flagellaria.
840. Scheuchzeria.
"'
Triglochin.
6 Stamens. 2 Styies.
ual, adhering to the seed.

capitate. Seed 1.
''
TriGYNIA.
1. Monocotyledons.
ls 5. Berry 3-1-seeded.
s 6. Anthers linear. Stigmas sessile, lateral. Capsules inflated, distinct, 2-seeded.

s 6, the 3 outer in a different row from the inner. Style O. Capsule opening by the
se.
842. Lichtensteinia.
Sepals 6, withering, persistent, wavy, spreading.
the sepals. Capsule many seeded, half 3-valved.

843. Myrsiphyllum.
ower 6-parted, revolute.
3-celled, with 2-seeded
Stamens hypogynous, shorter than
Styles 3, contiguous, straight.
Ovary stalked.
Berry
844. Tofieldia. Bractea 3 Sepals 6 Capsules 3, superior, united at the base, many-seeded.
845. Melanthium.
ments from the
846. Medeola.
Polygamous. Flower rotate, 6-parted, with 2 glands at the base of each segment.
claws of flower. Capsule 3-fid, 3-celled. Seeds membranous.

Flower 6-parted, revolute.
Fila
rry 3-seeded.
847. xerophyllum. Flower 6-parted... Stigmas 3, oblong, sessile, Caps. 3-celled, with 2-seeded cells.
848. Wu
a. Flower 6-parted, with an hexangular tube. Filaments inserted in the throat. Styles con
niving. Caps oblong, 3-cornered. Seeds round.
s: Andrecymbium. Sepals 6, unguiculate, cucullate. Stamens inserted in the middle of sepals. Ovaries 3.
-
les filiform.
50. Trillium. Cal spreading, 3-leaved. Petals 3. Berry 3-celled.

851. Colchicum. A spatha. Flower 6-parted, with a tube proceeding directly from the root. Anthers in
cumbent. Caps. 3, connected, inflated.
852. Helonias. Sepals 6 styles 3, distinct. Capsule 3-celled, 3-horned, few-seeded.
853. Nolinea. Flower 6-parted, spreading. Style very short. Capsule 3-cornered, membranous, 3-celled,
opening by bipartible dissepiments. Seeds solitary, convex on one side.
54. Aponogeton. An amentum composed of scales. Neither calyx nor corolla. Capsules 4,3-seeded. Sta
mens varying from 6 to 7 and 12.
240
HEXANDIUA MONOGYN1A.
lateral. A palm^ Dicotyledons.

1 Calyx 3-le.ved.
SeBll,S
857. Oarsa. Calyx 2-lcaved. Petals 2. btyies*.
6 Stamens. Many Styles.
Order*. POLOYNIA.
uraeiT.
' ~
cfc
CLASS Vt
seeded.
m8). dfaflMrp-*
: cinSat tdlate above. the
l_
Ovaries
6-8, connate
at base,
f*o<&
, ^SSSSbg
oil' late, not
like opening,
a calyx 3 inner petaloid. Stt861.
Mower
tVparted
the
3
outer
"
dtonct,
mena & Ovaries indefinite m number, 1-eeeUed. capsuirau
Narcissus. tf or 1 Amaryidt&.
SB SO, ... Park. par. IS
my W &.Europe
t*711.
NARCISSUS.
W. Poet's
drooping-leav'd
tft oror 11 my
W
S.England
Europe ... Eng. botx.a
S997
pocticus
SnL
sprcading-How.
my
W
3898
recrvu*
11 ap.my
Europe mea.
1570. Bot
19.
3MW
.So/. H. A'. narrow-leaved
two-uowercd /
oror
ap.my W
W SBritain
Eng.mag
Ix. S
4000 pateilris
angurtifoliua
slender
or
1
my
L.Y
1789.
Bot
mag
o/9
4001 biflrus
mr.ap W
Spain
|40O8
teidor .W. K.. Bazclman-inin.
Bazelman.maj. tt oror 1 mr.ap
W.Y Spain
...... O r.m Bot mag. 9
14003
Grand-.
t
or
11
mr.ap
W.Y
Spain
... r.m
1%4005
4004 crenulalue
Trewinus
B.
.tf.
t oror 21
floribfmdus
.Sfl hollow-stalked
waxcn-cup[itfd
Wr.Y
W
r.m
r.m
%% 401)6
fistulsus
Hau).
Polyanthus
1
mr.ap
W
Spain
1759.
si Bot mac. M
4007 cerniis .
Mac Leay'a ttf oror 1 ap.my
W
Meditcrr. 1815.
s.l got mag,m
|400S
Tartta
W.
oriental
mr.af
W
Levant
...
9
\4 4009
Macleai
Paper
tfJ or
11 mr.ap
mr.ap W
Bot.
ma
7
4010orientli8
L.
Italian
or
P.Y
S.
Europe
...
Bot.
mag
H
% 44)1 1 papyrceus . M. round-stalked t or 1 ! mr.ap P.Y Spain
...
i14013
4012 Itlicus
.
Ml
rlat-stalked
t
or
1
mr.ap
Y
Spain
...
,
teretlcalu
L.T.
Bot mag.
mag. KB
\$ 4015
4014 bifrons
comprssus
L. 7*. Jonquil-sccnt
Co slip-cupped tJ oror 11 mr.ab
mr.ap YY S. Europe ... Bot
.
SC
JonquiF
i
ap.my
Y
Spain
Ii
.
Botma
IS
$4016 primuUnus Haw, double
tS oror Ii1 ap.my
1596. r.m
\ 4017florc-ptno
Jonquille W.
lender
my YGY Spain
Bot
reg. BW
green-flowered
IIii.
Barbary
19.
m
V*018
gracilis
-LinV.
late-flowered
au.o
P.Y
Barbary
1 O r.m
r.m Botmag
Clu. hist t." 401') viridirtru- . M. great Jonquil ! ap.my Y a Europa IBS
r.m
Bot
mag
$^ (090
serotinus
W.
sweet-scented
On.
4031 cil.it Ininis L.
nodding
tf oror 11 1 anrny
mr.myYYY a Europe
Europe 16
1789. Os
Os. g*"*
4023
44)22 odrus
L.. A-.
funnel-floweredtf
mr.my
Jr
nutans
neat
Amr.inyY
Spain
...
Os.
mag. ,
4024 iurundibularis ?al. Rush-leaved or 1 ap.my W Portugal 1629. s. Bot
Bot mag
4( 4025
pulchllue
.
/.
apmvP.Y
....T. ... Os. | rej.
4026 cpax
trindrusSaJ.. /. capacious
mountain
1$4028
4027
Siiou drop-lcav. or
or I t ap.my
my W
W Portugal ... s. Park.
par.
montant
B.
Br.
whiti.h
1i 4029
palnthiflius
-pctticoatt
i i m.ap
mr.ap P.Y
Y Portugal 1789.
1529. Os.< J"kP"J''
Bot mag. M
4030
albicans
/.
tf oror i 4 mr
ap YY
s
% 40.J2
4031 infltus
Bulhocdium
Jf. inflated
lolied
.
gender-leaved
tfS
s1 ap.my
ap.my
W Portugal ISS s.s.l Bot msg Bia.
^\4034
4033 lobnltus
.
Butter
s,
Egg
or
apmy
Y
L. .W. twi.ied-^-taled or 1) a . W Spain lfl Itot mag .
\ (036
\w..> tenuifliui
inconiparbilis
tf or I mr.ap W Spain 1759. Bot mag. |"
tortusus
W<iui.
$ 4057 moschtus
4023
4021 L
, Ut, Propagation, Culture.
wen of "
.refumed
XarcUvts.kimU,FromuiKm'thc ,
on
account
the dangerous
effects
l"0""' toa name
the Fur'.
"''ouc
ncrvra. those
For whom
tins ofreason
Narcissus
=0,,"^'S
apphcdW
0
is of it were accustomed to sluoify
they wished
to punish,
jmquuv.
^ I,
HEXANDUIA MONOGYNIA.
toot
4I
-, ro cdr, ESss
'""'r><
yello
' an">- Ess
"a|f included
n tube
This ii
I ASS VI.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
242

S. Europe
P.Y
tfU oror 1 mr.ap
4038
serrtub
Haw. epunoua
serrated
... Eng. bot 17
YP.Y England
4)39
sprius
England
woods.
1
mr.ap
<
!H>40 Pseudo-Narcissus!^ tube-ftowered

Daflbdl

mr.ap W.Y
1! ap.my
mag. 87
41
W.Y Spain' ' 1629. Bot.
two-colored tf
US tubiflrus
bicolor
. Sai.
M.
11 my
ap.my W
Y S. Europe ... Bou reg. 79
or
Sabine's
Sabni
IJndl.
or
Rm.1301.Cint
snowy
4<rt4nivcus If. en.
Spain 1629. Bot mag. 51
oror 11 mr.ap
Sibthorp'a
14)45
obvallris
mr.ap YYY Spain
46 proplnquus
major M.SaLSai. large
Spain 1629. . m. 1301. teu.
oror 11 mr.ap
allied
4(47
mr.ap
YY
noble
Pass. hrt. 3
UHS
nbilie
1
mr.ap
or
great
4049 pnmihu
Ajax 5/.Sai.
S mr.ap Y Spain
o
Tow
$44)50
or I mr.ap Y Spain 1629 si Bot Liay. S
small
54061 minor 14'
Sp. 24, 1752. Sk r.m Bot reg. 479
t*712.
PANCRA'TIUM.
Pancratium. 5 23 or 1 Amaryllidex.
jn-jl W Ceylon
4052
zeylnicum
W.K. R.W. one-flowered
Bot
reg.
Sit r.m
E Europe
Indies 177(1
\\ jn.au
+053
verecmdum
Nareissus-leav.
5
23
or
Bot.
reg. a413
1611 5
Sk
s.p
S.
1597.
2
my.jl
4054 maritimum U sea
9 A or 2 jn.jl
Cat
car.
Sk
r.m
Carolina
1759.
4U55
5S lAôr
Bot
reg.
174
Canaries
1815.
4056 carolininum
canariense . AT.R. R. Carolina
Canary
iAl or 111| jJl
Bot
mag.
Sk
s.p
S. Europe 1615. Sk r.m Bot reg. 0W1 18
my.jn
lllyrian
3
,w,
illyricum
L.
Peru
1801.
lljn.jl
Bot reg. 2b
tf 73
^ or 2 jn.jl
$4058
Amncaes ..R.R. Narcissus-flow,
Sk
r.m
Brazils
cup-flowered
Bot mag 1561
Sk
r.m
4u59
oalattalnam
Brazils
nodding
tftf 23
oror 21 jn.jl
Sk
r.m
{40i)
nutans
.
R.
S.
Amer.
jn.jl
wave-leaved
23
Bot
mag
1879
r.m
4061 undultum . R. fan-leaved 23 or 2 my.au W a Amer. 1758, Sk
Bot
mag.
BS
Sk
r.m
4062
littorle
L.. R. tall
2Umv.au
my.au W
Bot
reg.
SSI
(23
or
Sk
r.m
4063
Dryndri
narrow-leaved tf 23 or 1 jli W
Bot
mag.J**"
Skr.m
4064
angstum
.
R.
Catalina
1803.
U5 23
oror 1 au W
BoL
cab.
274
Sk
r.m
40i5
rottum . R:. R. large-crowned
Mexico
1732.
W
Bot
reg.
2fo
23
Mexican
Sk
r.m
4066
Guiana
1815.
22 jl.au
n
W
Bot
cab.
5
23
or
Guiana
Sk
r.m
4067 mexicnum
guiannse Ker. spreading
W.
Indies
1802.
W Brazil 1820. Sk r.m Bot cab. 809
tf 23
or
4068
ptens
Red.
W
oror 31 au
Bot cab. 834
long-flowered tf 23
Sk
r.m
4069pedile
lAdd.
W.
Indies
1819,
mv.au
W
23
fragrant
r.m
4070
frgrans Rod.
Indies I"-<!. Sk
W
Bot mag. 8i
or 11J my.au
two-flowered Utf 23
Sk
r.m
4071
W. Indies 1730.
W
23
oror 1 mv.au
Bot mag
Carinara
Sk
r.m
44)72 bidorum
carib'umRoxb.
L.
Guiana
1790.
mv.au
W
23
reg.
43'
handsome
Sk
r.in
4073
am'num
W.
Indies
Sk r.ra Bot
1 rny.au W W.
3tf 23
or
Bot.
mag.
14*>
oval-leaved
4074
ovtum
.
R.
\V.
Indies
1759.
my.au
W
23 or
Vu 5 specisum L.
large
AmarylUdc.
Sp.
1.
.
^
207
718.
EucRoei*. 5 23 or 1 my . 1816. ltl bot reg
4076EUCRO'SIA.
bicolor . Reg.R Reg.two-colored
. j^.
1419
t714.
EU'HYCLES.
Salisb.
Eihvcles. 23 or Amaryllidea*. Sp. 23.
4077
8 "
4078 amboinnsis
australstea Sal. heart-leaved
Cunningham's 5 E3
or f g*
Pancratium austraiasicum Ker.
^- ^m o s..
715.
CA.OSTEMMA.
Br. Calostemma.
4079
Ker.Ker. R. yellow
4080 luteum
purpureum
purple
0
L3 or 1 \ Pu N. Holl. 1819. s i Bot. re
1 ^" ^ I. ltl Lindl. . *
716.
4081CHLIDANTHUS.
frgrans Ltndi. Herb.
fragrant1>.
iAJ or
t/17.
CHRYS1PHIALA.
Ker.
Curybiphiala.
4082
Ker, Lindl, vellow
4! flava
pauetflra
rew-floweted 11
lAJ oror j mi, o Pu 182 O 1U HOOK
Hulory, Use, Propagation, Culture,

in at, irr-liraiM.inywnicn
liny liulb
olwun
thH a
B""\^"gffi3>iSTl>tl"
ing
the
bulbs
oneNaples, especially
and
some
from
tne
italicus,
growswhom
has
^^-j all-force, fro
ha. been injudiciously separated Into several
by Haworth,
howevrr no one
ld,"<",gM
12. Pancratium. A name gir 5'by' the
" greeks to' m kind
' of'''ThisSeUla.
"'is a (J*EJ^*"g2!
evSoV the
'
free-flowering
genus ; Acv"gture
wa
andarexftnt.
.........,.,,,;
nfof fiffive
c-lanta.
m" water,
...,
species
very
handnme
and
fragrant,
and
are
met
with
in
most
collections
stove
P^
mucn
ibam
richinvegetable
care must
be Ukenor not
give
oftenwhicti
rlp
'I' 7 and
arc not
a growingmouldsultathem
state. They arcbest,
to beand
increased
by suckers,
tromtosêas^
ckerB,
freely.
If any plant
happen
to lose itsiLheart,
if Cull.
it be 89.)
kept dry,
it will throw illyncum,
out al and carolininum. '
;<hardy
the readiest
way
of
propagating
(Bot.
P.
maritimum,
the other species are stove-plants. P. amancaes has yellow flowers, and is noi less beautiful that
Out.
Ou 1.
Scspc itriatcd coro
HEXANDRU MONOGYNIA.
243
~ûine -H. Scape2-edged,

Cupl-tfl.
columnar
plaited
than
the s ,
ww,Seg.meofcor.
*egm. Une.
ofshorter
flower
yellow.*!
H*Swpt^duenearly
acute,
Crown
tnrtce aelongaa limb
#H5Sejnn.
halfm
long
astrim.
tube Sut
ovate,Croan
Crownrampanulate
funnel-form
fi-cleft
plaited
upwards
*i
Lora
twisted
rcry
glaucous,
very
large
very
open
atandorifice
*4"Sesm
}
erect
twisted
incurved
spreading,
Crown
as
long
as
segm.
deeply
irregularly
cut orifice
VMScapedeeply
striated, Sog.
much
spread,fi-clcft
twistedexpanded
cllipt shorter
than
crown which
has a veryopen
*Scape
deeply
striated.
Mouth
ofcrown
deeply
and
irregularly
crcnate
ttOPet
oocuneste
imbricating
base, Scape
Crown6 -cleft
4
Spixbenarrow
l-flowered,
Crownnotcurled
wavedatlobed.
inches athighmouth spreading minutely rugose
5
One-flowered,LuLeare*
lig. laneLimbSegment*
oflimbthan
longertube,
thanAltern,
tube. Stamens
incurved
connh
-.
lia acute.
of m- -*
div. ofcrown
deeper,
Stam. ,.incurved
obt point, Cr. much unit,
to turbjimh, Anth. bent i
cathingdownwards.
Ambm.
: .. i
i ; . : ' '
-|..,
' "" .
m i 1 'im,!;,,,. ,.' """"> II, , r , ' *, < up narro*
luner ttian
riimh
I-tootlicd
rt than
as nar. crown
than /lamenta
filamente
4u
"< b,ght yellow flown,

l'Karingbcrorcthc leave
41, and J" "*''. An-UcM.,..

1 *< V "). Homcrocallii
&^*.^*"*. a
m allusion to^hwjd
divôns of the
iBtinguuheil
not
ta a-we, but
eolored
8 culti> of , e*3nhouse
lor
and
tex.
" leaves,
gold, and
Class VI.
244
1- . D p.l Bot mag. litt
71R.
..
LoPHioLA. f IjIlarmodoracetc.
my.jl Y N. ft*
Amer.
ii.ree
M. . . golden-flower,
laT*WWPCL^tt
1787. D s.l.p
719.
*. lAJ or
4085ARGOLA'SIA.
plumosa . Jus.woolly
R s.p Bot. mag. IM
ANIGOZANTH08. . . .
russct-green-fl. i|
4086 flvida . .
Musacc.F.
Sp.ln(,ia
45. IfftO. Sks.P Tr.eh.3.ttt.
Plantain-Tree.
721.
MU'SA.
W.
20
o.d
Pk
commun
J cjt 91) mr.o Pk W. Indies 1729. Sks.p
TfcchAtg.
47
Banana-trec I
Clt
4)H8 paradisiaca
eapintum If.W. rose-colored
Mauritius 1805. Sks.p
Cmy
Pu
Sk s.p Botwg.(0h
Bot mag. 1SH
or 20
4fW
rosacea
W.
China
1792.
2U
mr.d
S
scarlet-flowered CD or
40 coccnea 1.
Sp.
1.
Sk
p.1
Jac.
sch. t. t 33
Urania.
722.
...
or 20 ... R Madagasc.
4091URA'NIA.
spcciea W. W. Plantain-lcaved
Sp.
12Bromeliace.
S.1
.
per.
S. t2
723.
BUONAPARTEA.
P.P.
,
BwwAAjrre*
Rush-leaved if or 1|" Pern 1800.
4092 jncea Pf. p.
Bromtlinccar, Sp. 10. 1819. Sk r.m
Agave.
724.
AGA'VE
H
.
fi ... 'Y.w S. Amer. 1040. Sk r.m Bot rtp.S
4093 yuccreflia Hirui. Yucca-leaved
Amer.**Dor
QJ or 20 au,
4094
americana
W. common
17i Sk r.m
Miller's
r.m Bot mag. m
405
Millen
.
S.Vera173t
Amer. 1790. Sk
Sk s-P
*m lI oror 6R jnjl
flaccid
40W flceida Haw.
Vera
Crux
Sk
r.m
4097
lrida
Jacq.
1790.
6
*
l_J
or
narrow-leaved * EE ec
r.m Com.pra4., t
,
4098
S. Amer. I7fi8. Sk
Sks.p
Karatto
4099 angustiflia
Kartto jW<7.Hat. viviparous
Amer.
1731.
Sk
r.m Jaofsc.Noo.tl
Bot maS-lin
* 01*>r
4100
vivpara
'.
N.
Amer.
1765.
Sk
r.m
_AJ
or
Virginian
America 1810.
5 4101
4102 virgmica
geminillraW.. pair-flowered * iAJ or
DM
History, Dar, Propagation, Cuitare,

very North
71. Idiota. From W a crest, on guat ^the Uttle ciwt of O patato.
^T'ii^J"""'
mSS'iml u" a"'0'"" "* ca,,x' wl,ich " wlli,e *nd ,clvc" "
"S?
^^îrnS*^^*0
'' ""., a Hower. Its flowers are
SoAnamed bv
T
:memory
" N
"Hand plants
with brother
yellow ororgreco
flowers, and Ihr
he
lree.lm,n
or
>
g
or.
in
or
Antonius
Musa,
Kuphorbus,
thejdan , ma,i."a murh ~ " ense ,n which Llnuwu. admit, the
the wort. But
the Arable name
for
-SSî2^.^^5î-lufh2S!*V
This
"I'lendid
genus
censista
of
species
and ' ITSâW r""n live to"!5,TbSSSS .1".' 'mc,irac" longer enduring items. Thewhich
stemsbare
arc
and
lamcllatcd.
The
leaves
are
obi
>,,e
i,",
'"
1"""1"'
eiml,lc.
lnick,
*.
"m".
1,
water.,
flower^7*
'." ICn' f""
in
nJ M*?two
MM
occupymR" the lower, andd "Sthe ^'.
^'. ut " calvx
licrianthium,
generally
whitishE5: thein widlh.
fertile
worT'
fart many
of the black
raerme.
former
succeeded
' llUl"r' "" bBThV e t 'eat "
ble- ".*,
"ml containing
seeds.TheThey
arc are
natives
of the oldby
'ards cl
within
is a soft (ierarric,
pulp of aand
luscious
s'old
turrara,
namegrapes
ItL*^^
forty
pounds,
other
fruit
si
Men
whilst
othrra
sur.ijscd
it
to
be
the
brought
nut
of
th.
1
rani,,t
,
wiln
nankint
"Moses. It is certainly one -c
...-r..i a-.-...
the
world, and
seems esteemed
to nave^mig'
wh<
of .(..
the
most..Iuseful
fruits ininThe
t fruit
so much
byrfthaua ^Kliropens
,k
Ilantain
v.
into
allIntheAmerica,
climatesthat
in which
it thing
can
cultivated.
The
ni.a isplantation
. .."I
hpenr
settle
the
first
they
do
in
establishing
is
to
Bsesju
(|M
yci
,
ot
the
year
:
enlarging
Some aorfamily
othersuMstj.
of the tree,
arc used
Imrai
i |.
1
their fruit itis asoftentheirthefamily
wholeincreases.
food on which
W hen
insteam >mir
,nto tart
boiled
when
just
lull
grown:
it
is
also
eaten
boiled
with
aalUmc.lt
or
fish,
and
wnen
1".sma,|cfrom
then!
necri
witha butter,
or dried
and preserved
as a; sweetmeat
A Icrim
iucu my
v , ^t ,-or ttnflin
aad inand
jemefried
places
cloth from
the libres
of the trunk
the leaves make
excellent
mattrasses.
^/nig
(Jam
788.)
says,
this
fruit
and
the
banana
are
among
the
"***.
(
(
one
mall
I
r-rovidence upon the inhabitants of hot climates. Three duren plantains are
a week
instead
of
bread,
and
will
support
him
much
better.
.
.
a
rtbrs
in
having
it*
Btnl
M. sapicntumdarkis purple
by somestripes
considered
a variety
of theis plantain,
fromrounder,
which witn
a*jL
mil, of a nun
marked
and spot*.
fruit
a. soi.x
luscious with
taste. An excellent
marmalade,
andThe
a drink
likeshorter
the bestandSouthnain
cider, are
mai i jL
areM.many
varieties
both of the
and banana.
he flowers
rosacea
andfrom
coccnea,
are plantain
very ornamental
plants,
account
olr,inc
11 > but scarcely
nbundaiilI
be distinguished
M. paradisiaca.
The culture
of allon the
specicaof istheeasycolorin lofts
nous".
Oui* I.
S45
VMThe onlypcci
85 Lara linearcarnate smooth, Scape angular corymbose, Flowers woolly
4(1$Stem sod leavessmooth, Down ofbranches deciduous, Anthers with a rcflexed end
M7Spadix
nodding,Spadix
Malenodding,
flowers persistent
MSStemspotted,
Male flowers
deciduous
Spadix
iwddintt
orerect,
Male flowers
Spithcsvery
elliptical
obtuse,atFruit
60Spadix erect, Flowers capitate,
Spathcedeciduous,
clustered scarlet
large yellow
end oblong
*9l plantlike a Banana
8Lmiismultdariouj cespitte recurred very narrow and rigid
WM
L. lonteLvtitten.toothed
erect spinv.
recurvedScape
glaucous
aboveTube
chan.ofwith
denseStem
whitelunger
scrrulations
*W>tanle,
branched,
cor. marginal
contractedminute
in middle,
than cor.
fti Lesveitoothed
spinv, Scape
quite simple
* ''tlwnjm>w
lanceulate
flaccid
recurved.
Spines
marginal
minute
toothed spiny,glaucous
Scaic branched,
Stam. longer than cylind. cor.
ttithlitestemmed,
a iiem, leavesLeaves
narrow
tooth-serrated
Wuweierecthright
green
withlanceolate
an entire brown edge
2?*m*MI>
Leava
toothed,
Scape
branched,
Tubeofcor.
narrowed
in middle, Stem as long as cor.
Leavesatcarlilaginous
simple
Scinleu.
Leare thready
edge, Flowerssawed.
ofspikeScape
approximatingby
pairs
i now sixteen
feet high,
andbymea
muses, unjustifiably
applied
genus
in the
u^jof ivenab
Wto .'- 5(>f.""e"f
bean intl>cMadagascar.
To grow this
plantto this
luxuriantly,
aSchrebcr.
strung heat
androom
a good
7S.
oWaert
"P"*1Fresh
imported
seeds
will
grow
freely.
lh* trench, linp i "V"" b the authors of the Flora Peruviana, after Napoleon Bonaparte, emperor of
^.
,1? lriiinelia,
with long, narrow, recurved leaves, and spikes of simple blue flowers,
1S*
AtaELw"
U 1lf,,ee,its
iu*î
,Tm,
>*^'
admirable,
this genusAgave
may well
said ofto one
be, considering
its
*"btfSpam
"Were it*
"!,
i
bejut>
of
iu
flowers. which
InEurope.
mythology,
is theorbename
Nereids
MdiVi'11 ""* thT0Khout
It grows wild
it acclimated
intheSicily,
the
'^^/'
1,1(1 "muchMilanusedandinother
the latter
plantedwhere
in vases
an endure
ornament to piers,
limitation,
townsascountry,
into ILombardy,
it for
willasthenot
Gerann iiuin1*About
wdl formed and painted,
readily mistaken
original. theIn winter,
France
T^fcjrtle
ami
iV 2 C0Inmfl11
i and
inPrincipal
this country
formerlyplants.
used to An
be the
regular
companion
of the
*"*ar.
Ato
onlv'S
C'
thcn
our
greenhouse
idea
used
to
prevail
that
uto^'nfjrW 7k 0 m a hundred years ; but, independcntlv of this unnatural applicationthe
*
"
hare
naVffbeen
known
to
flower
sooner
or
later,
according
to
the
culture
bestowed
^("kit
*] u ,hac
>'careasmoften.
this country
if the with
plantstriai
had thefoliage,
same and
treatment
fffteilEi,L!
7.J2""t,ab|y
""LTfewnearly
There ; isand variety
some^'
in t. ! i' Pett"*ld>
RhadceSlciI,
f wbite,
yellow,andand
in the queen
pine-apple.
are
'14.
theleim aenlf
Calabria,
the red,
Westa*Indies.
According
to Long,There
{Jamaica.
Z?*!"* rollen11
nuturi',lanf>um
for '""P- ; and
for this
purpose,
afterconducted
being cut,intotheywidearethallow
passed
J.thron*h
r
,x,im
fonaro*t
the
juice
being
'**ice4to athir-bXwT- . rainer, it is exposed to a li.it sun, until the amioous part being exhaled,
!*0* aSn^-i'
" madealsoupbe into
balls,bywithpounding
the helpthe leaves
ley ash-
Sr5itbenexDrp^mj,i.,U
' ma?
Thi*Ulcn*oapmay
prepared
-- rintacoL
^^^thu^L
':y1,p,iuil'c. ttl'ich
be brought
shes.
It will
*tt,rfullyll{ai^[,4,'w.'1jPcU
about may
one pound
of a tosofta consistenceby
extract- tLthet..i~suuorbyb
M
' a wooden
.boiling.
One
*^^êxtract . -
Ci- VI.
HEXANDRA MONOGYN1A.
246
57. 1630. Sk r.m Bot. mag. 23
Fl'RCR-B. 23 or 20 Bromellacete.
725.
FURCRÂ.
S.&Sp.Amer.
4103
gigantea
Vent..V. gigantic
106 .ja.1
au.l... Gr
Gr
Amer.
1739. Sk r.m J.am.LjO.C!5
)
or
tuberous
4104
tuberosa
H.
Gr
S.
Amer.
I739L
Cuba
r.m
41115 cubnsis IV.
6
& Amer. 1768. Sk
Zsjor
23
or
rigid
4106
rgida
.
N.HoU. 1811. Sk r.m
4107 austrlis . entire-leaved 23 or
Sp.
1629.
r.m Bot mag. 1554
PlSiE-SPPLB.
726.
BKOME'LIA.
S.S. Amer.
1690. Sk
J4I0B
Ananas W.
ir. WIV.en. common
connu....
Sk
r.m D. el.25.t21.CS
..,,>
$4108
Anna*
Amer.
Skr.m
109 semiserrta
half.iiawcd-.vA ;
S.
Amer.
Sk
r.m
Jac.
am.
King-Pine
f4Ilu lcida W. en.
W.
Indiea
1690.
Sk r.m Bot mag.pic23EK"1
broad-leaved
4111
Pinguin W.W.
S. Amer.
1820.
Sks.p Lindl ooUL
wild
4112
sylvestris
Amer.
1815.
Skr.m Jacv. I.t31,
noble
,
f
4113
fastuosa
Lindl.
W.
Indies 17.19.
upriglit-leaved
Sk r.m Bot reg. 20*

4114
Karatas
If.
lt.
Jaiero
...
54115 pyramidalis
nudicafdis IV.B. M. naked-stalked
Sks-p
Bot reg. 344Lt
S.Caraccas
Amer. 1417.
Sks.p
pale
ffl"
4116
pallida
Ker.
1819.
Skr.m Jacq.sh.
Plum.ictSUI
E3
or
4141181ingulta
17 chrysnthaW.Jacq. golden-flowered
1759.
S.
Amer.
tongue-leaved
[23
oror
r.m Par. lond. 40
1785. Sk
Jamaica
red-bracted
[23
r414120ll bracteta
W.
sks.P
1822.
Brazil
[23
Sk r.m Kîr
Bot cab. SOI
Acnga L./..'./</. recurved
1820.
W. Ind.
sweating
(23 ororor
Sk r.m Jac ic. U"
4121
exsiidans
...
1789.
dwarf
]
Sk
r.m
Bot reg. .
4122
hmilis
IV.
Trinidad
1824.
54123 melanntha >. black-flowered [23 or
Sa. L 1820. Sk r.m Iindl cou. 8
727.
GUZMAN'NIA.
.
Per.
Guzmahnia.
&Amcr.
4124 tricolor Fl. Per. three-colored 23 or
Sp. 914. 1781. Sks.p Bot mag. 824
t728. PITCAIR'NIA. W. scriet
PrrcAlRMlA.
Jn SS Jamaica
oror 22 ja.d
mag 547
4125
bromliteflia
W. narTow.leaved [23
SanL
Crux TOI.
1777. Sks.p
Sks.p Bot
Itotmag.WK
23
4126
angustiflia
W.
W.
Indies
au SII W. Indies
entire-leaved
23
oror 22 au.s
Sk
s.p Bol.
r8^
Sks-p
Bol
4127
intgrifolia
R
M.
1785.
Skip
Kcd.Ul.73.T4
broad-leaved
23
Red.
U .-.1410
4128
latflia W.H. . large bract-red 23 or 2 ap.my W. Indiesl799. Sks
Skspp Bot mag
1416.
4129
bracteta
W.Amer.
Indies 1816.
1797. Sk
Y
22 jn.au
yellow-flower'd
[23
or
4130
sulphirea
.
R.
r.m
S.
"ay'd*
rI
jn.au R
Skr.m FeuiH chilt 35
1 2
4131
furfurcea IV. em.
[23 oror 2 my.jn SY Chile
4132coarctU
S. Amer. 1822.
1823. Skr.m Bot. mag. 2411
4133 staminea . AM.P. > [23 or 2 j<Bromeliaeete.
1127.1793.
1*729.
Tiu.anos.ia. 23 or 2 ... PY S.Sp.Amer.
4134TILI.AN'DSIA.
utriculta W. W.blarlder
Ik s Plie. 63. 175
4135 serrata IF.
saw-leaved j? [23 or 2 jn Y Jamaica 1793.
4119
Ute, Propagation,
~% Furcrxa. Named In honor ofHistory,
M . Fourcroy,
the famous Cuitare,
French chemist A noble genus
the726.lastBromelia. So named by Unna-. in memory of Olaus Bromel, a Swede, author of IffJ'JjLl0.
v - jjjjj
other works llM, Sc. Anana,, Fr.. Oer., and liai. ; and .Vniuis among the Peruvians, where it J .
ally
found
by
Euro]ieana
This
fruit
may,
without
hesitation,
be
pronounced
the
l.rst
in
It has not been known In Europe above two centuries, and has only been cultivated about a eonturj JJ
plant
to Britain.
It passed
fromtheBrazil
to ofthetheWi4,
ami thencecentury
to the Eut
whereto II*^2vSn
Mt
successfully
cultivated.
About
middle
seventeenth
it; and
wasIndies,
brought
1
Court,
a
merchant,
and
cultivated
at
Driohoek,
his
seat,
near
Idyllen
from
thence
it
was
I
into thisby country,
urst without
fruited bvbottom
Sir Matthew
Decker,
Richmond,
about 1715,
earlier. loi* . rf
began
growing and
his pines
heat, as dry
stoveatplants
; but afterwards
hador"-course
and
tanner's
bark.
pfans
of
his
pits,
and
an
account
of
Iiis
mode
of
culture,
arc
published
Sir
mUUed
overus,I.usthovcn,
&c. pine
(See stoves,
F.ticy. orof larger
Card.andp. IIS.
w ,.Jc
M. Docker,Aenmerkineen
Bradley informs
adopted pitsPlantagion,
; and soon aller
more Anno,
ion m'"'"
*fre, by the year 1730, in most of the Utk English gardens, and some also in sf''^.^7vcr,
generally
" In one r two of thein
chton,
Edinburgh,
in 1712.cities
TheonpinetheIscontinent
n
was
first infruited
nd,
andnear
at most
of the capital
Britain,
sevc by Justir
in sheltered situations in.cured
the open
air.
, i this country
southern
prov'u
Therearcareupwards
m; of thirtys of,'but
the pinethinqueen.
the West
there
New Indies,
Providence, and byoneraising
or two from
otlwrs,seen
are ^J^, of
I he plant area crown
propagated
suckers,
and frliit
bv that singular production,
from . , jgeneral,
fruit,
: years
frombylarge
suckers
obtained sometimes
inproceeding
eighteenlraigir
momns.
wcll ,,.a
periodcalled
ofwithtwrotten
r lhrcl!
rcou,rcd
<nd fr>ristnesometimes
Ncw Providence
^. durn extremes,
nclml
dung,
anil
the
pot.
sufficiently
drained,
with
abundance
ol
heat
itnom
Wl 1 ensure large and well flavored fruit The variant Mode, / adtimting tne - j (7jJ11.
Introduction
the Improvement,
Mr. Knigkt,
8vo.1822.)
. , 'Cto ,her
'P'c if trueof Bromelia
haveHe.crowns,
and the fruit of. most, of, ,
them isIS eatable.
jr.thoiW1'
ver,
fruitofseparately
in clusters,
not inrocky
a conehills.or pine
in tBCthere
lor fre inB ,s.
common in""P""
Jamaica,hasinthemost
the Savannahs,
and and
on the
It laasused
Omni I.
HEXANDKIA MONOGYNIA.
-17
*lrti
Leaveentire,
Scape
branched
Roottoberous,
Lea
veryciliate
long ipiny
at edge
4106Cor.
riexapetalous,
Leave*
spiny
410 Laves linear lanceolate entire upwards, at the base serrate epmy
Anobscurepianldocribedby Hawortb only and supposed to be orijaiuiuteiciua .
41C8Leavesfringed
withtoothed
spinesspiny.
mucronate,
41'9Lea
at theendSpike
Spike Spike
comoaeoomoee
4110
Leoentit,
comosc
4111 Lavaciliated
Lcara ciliated ^:ny
roinv with
mucronate.
Raceme
.h,
4
very long
long
point.terminal
Raceme term,
comp Flowers
' h**
4113lTttCUatediiny
with
aa very
point,
Raceme
rigid compound,
How.amie
in numerous lateral
4114
Letraerect,
Flower*
stemless
sessile
aggregate
41L5 Radicalleaves toothedipiny : cauline entire
KMPaniclelax
few.fl. spreading,
Pedunclea toothed,
l-flowcred.Raceme
Uppercompound
spathos fertile
flower spreading
4117
Uisserratespiny,
Bractes
lanceolate
shorteras long
than leavts
4118Leavaterrated
spiny Brartc*
obtuse, ovatelanceolate,
Spikes alternate
4ll9Usiwateemny,
Scape
elongated.
Raceme
compound
413) rUceinemirrpound,
Prdedilftue, leaves
ciliateheaped
spiny shorterthan
mucronate recurved
4i!l
Flowers
the long red entirebraetc, Calyx acute
4IW Learaligulateoblong
Nearly emleu, leavesaggregate
sessile,ovalAxilla1
41S3
very blue, Spike
woollystoloniferous
with small sessile flower*
4134Scapeupright, Spike Imbricated, The lower bractea? green ; the upper
*1E^MVaciliatespiny, Peduncles and gcrmens quite smooth
l1^
riliatefiw,
and gcrmens
5 Jt
i m entire
na,T0*
pbucmisPeduncles
entire,
villous downy
somewhat
spiny
atCalyx
bancBractes
entirea
little
spinv
at
base,
a* longdense
as peduncle and calyx
5
, vw aitin:*'hite
beneath,
Raceme
imbricated
T
toothed
spiny
recurved,
above
shining
smooth
h*
""
Dnted
dense
ljr
usSpikecompound
contrai*** 1
41Leave
1
KS1 benetth mealy
fig****
^^^^.êeorn.e
Ai
4i3t> ., i
n'8 thread hh i . "Pped of

am
TS*. maK lc fruil in to .makes aropes
cooling
S
,"
place,
a"1'1*"
"Me,
-,
ra.
in
America
ami
'the
cSrSbee
Llanda.
Itind
I. anedgediwith
elegantatplant.
u:,,,
generally
grow,
thespines.
root of The
.pmc.hady
wSK,^b"hlcli,re"'"*'lu..liiiear
pointed,
er.
CSy**
m
* 'Uhulate.li,,,.,. l,.uc, harn
"
I"
or
.even
fecL
The
fruit,
are
oval,
two
or
three
hundred
in number,
andj,rowa
'nICi0';6*1
f^P.
surrounded
I.)
palcaceou.
npanded
leave,
or
bracte.
;
they
contam
SKônclkvaish
"der a coriiceou.
When n,
are far from
>k*L*i.
mAfc ,
55TitheUh
on Ige,andandycllnwi.h
excoriatebark.
the mouth,
'rhcthey
J
:
fita H to maturity i. wonderful : being so protected by the smnes of the .ur.
, ^WmSSJIZSVSUm pn.-c,, , ich prone. U th. . " - lower
1*Ki!""'a"il,la,,,rmlheire>.lremitV
_.../
*
of theBotnica
waa
It ha.obtained.
never owered
' tawi ""dlej'i
Collectanea
Bromcliamore.v than once ni t
*; '^^!?'
after Anartatio (luzman, an industriousBronielia
n apotlmore man
'-et at Tubna ,tory iB
Ametica. A beautiful evergreen sylvestris
this, but
i
and
a
spike
of
bractes,
the
uiHarmo.
& .
uractee, the""i' <;Itrrgrt4'n cary,
nerbaceoui
herbari
Li^'-.^'Heriticr.ini,
> co,ored with
^^VS^îa1^ Aght'rer'Ô^V
Class VI.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYN1A.
248
Sks.p
Bot
cab, 76
W.
Indies 1819.
Skp
*lS6am,na
Lodd.
W. Indies
1823.
Sks.p PL
Jac.aim.
amcr.to.t(SLi
41:37
usneoldee
Jamaica
1776.
H s.p Jac. amer. t 63
1413 lingulta W.
\V. Indies
179".
4139g rlexuua
W.
W.
Indies 18*1.
1815. R s.n
s.p Bot
Bot reg.
cab. 7
771
piii'ia
W.
Indies
4140 nccpe LoAi.
R
s.p
Jamaica
1793.
R
8.P
Bot
mag.
1529
4141
nUns
Bralil
1810.
4142
Btricta S/-W.
stiff-leaved
. R s.E SLja.l.USUl
1Ijl
Pu Jamaica
4143
Buen. Ay. . R s.p Bot reg. 105
4141 recurvta
xiphiotdc* Reg. recurve-leaved
Air-plant
So..
47. 1750. D 1 Bot mag. 1156
t73U41+5PONTEDE'RIA.
Pontedkria. * or 2 Commelineee.
jn.au H N.
cordata
Ph. Ph. W.heart-leaved
N.
Amer.
18i*i
22 jn.au
4146
ariRustiflia
narrow-leaved
ot
E Indies land. Dl Bot.rep.
4147 dilatta H. K. spreading Lg or 2
4148 lanceolU Lodd. lanceolate S) or nu N. Amer. 1815. U 1 Bot cab. 613
S. 1416.1629. r.m Bot mag. 1075
731.
HÊMANTHUS.
Blood-flower. iAl or 1 AmaryUidea:
HPk .. G.G. H.
4149
coceineus
W.W. W. salmon-colored
Bot reg.
181
H. 1795. O r.m
11 au.o
f.mr
415
coarcttus
compressed
tAJor
CG.
H.
1790.
4151 rotundiflius B. M. round-leaved tf iAJ or 1 jn.o
s.Lp
r.m Bot
Bot mag.
mag. 16
Wa
CG.
H.
1722.
my.s
wave-leaved
5
iAl
o
4152
Bot
mag
)I g
S.C. Leone
1783. r.m
D.R
1 mye
r.m
Bot
mag.
4153 puniceus
multiflrusW W. many-flowered
G.
H.
1700.
F
lAI oror 1 f.d
Bot.
mag.TIS15a
4154
ligrinue W. W. tiRcr-epotted
179 r.m
9.0 W C.C. G.G. H.
four-valved
Bot call
4155
H. 1791.
1774. r.m
pubescent tftf iAJ
iAl
orr 11 ap.au W
415G quadrivvis
pubscens
W.
r.m
Bot
mag.
1
t\
G.
H.
whitc-flovocred
iAl
albijts W.,/,n 7. spotted-leaved iAl up.au ... C. G. H. 1790.
4157 macuUtue
G. H.
R C.CG.
HWf
iAJ
oror 1 ! .
4158
lancetlius
H. 1794.
1759. Orra
au
O s.l.pJaccb.U
keel-leaved
iAl
4159
carmtiuW.W. W. dwarf
C.G. H.
1789.
auss Pk
Pk
S-Lp Bot reg Mi 6I
1)
or
44161
1 1 0 pumllio
e.G.
H.
1819.
,jn.jl
Pk
flesh-colored
crneus Ker.
-- ^ iAl or
R C. G. H. 1822. O al.p Jacq. sell. t*
4162 Hyalocrpua Jacq. china-fruited tf iAJ or I jl
Amtn-i/llidca
Sp. 2. mea. Eng. bot ip
732. GALANTHUS. W. Snowdrop.
l ja.rar W . Britain
4163
nivalis W.H"
i ja.ap W Crimea 1818. Bot reg. 545
4164 plictns
AmaryttiaVc ' German, 1596. il Bot mag. 46
t*733.
LEUCO'JUM.
W England
Oror II* ja.inr
m.me. O j-1s. Eng;,U5
Eng. bol --a
S.1
4165
vrnum
W.IV. W. epring
4166
asvum
summer
l ap.my
.my W
W
oror IiI.
4167
pulchlhim
P.L.
neat
Portugal
1629.
O s.1S.I Bot.
mag
M)
Pk
t}4ifi8autiimiiAle
II trichophyllumW.
ir. P. S. autumnal
auiuiiiiin
W
Bafbary
1812.
Bot
reg.
44
narrow-leaved 5 or ja.f W
152
41
IM
,
Use,genus
Propagation,
Culture,
.-es
of this
are parasitical,
ami others require the same utreatment
ofas Flora
Aboensis,
1673. Several species
of
this genus
Pitcaimia
or
Bromelia.
...
.n
the
woods
of
the
West
Indies,
containing a supplj
:
T. utnculata
is abeing
valuable plant isin carried about by the wind, andassticks
seasons.
The seed
there, especially
on decayingpappose,
imi-s, it sends out small brown libres which take holdroa<ol u>tncm iw" , >|^.MVfand
th06e rf
mat
one folded
another:
from thisonefoundation
rise several
leavesfeetonand
everya nan an0
. eja and
themselves
r Ananas
Vim...:among
they are
or inclosed
within another,
each three
romdtnrecor
Aloes
orbroad
round
inches
at the; Uise,
base, but ending in a point, having a very hollow or concave Inwara
inwani mih,^
)lc
r,
outward
one, forming
containing
winen,
i,xiKt.s
convex
or cistern,
a quartdown
of water,
the
falls upon
the upper
parts ofol athebason
spreading
leaves,
and beingabout
conveyed
t"omwine
cn- ., )ouKe8
înthus
lnus
upi>er
them
by cii.i
stolk,
as the
ini " a' evaporation
bottle; for ofthetheleaves,
having
swelled
outtheatsun.
the base,
bend
"lwar(lot ^!l|,,iVes
rises
a round,a
bottom
ng
water
by
the
heat
of
l'rom
the
midst
tne
io
,
,
yielding
hindering
I green stalk, three or four root
, straight,
feet
branches,
and
when ""coreila
ro'n, i,edges,
of a
smooth,
high,
having
auu
Miar
white
mucilaginous
gum. color
The; flowers
come
out
here up
andmany
there
the viscid
*
i ipurple
yellowish-white
orinsects
hcrlwceous
and thewith
calyx
is made
ofplant.
three ongreen
leave."'
timce,to
Men,
birds,
and
supply
themselves
water
from
this
Dainpicr
says,
nc
uas
,
his great relief, stuck his knife Into the leaves just above the roots, und let out the water uiu i " fQ bigRer
usneoides
deserves,
forwhitish,
its apiaranee
and
described^
I uses, to be shortlywithin
. _1"e
.. (b(,a horse
norie
than
threadof ;these
the skin
as Ifthecovered
and ilaca i,kc
mU1.
hair. aMany
together
stick on
brancheswithof hoar-frost,
the ebony or other tough
trees suporncraiij
die
and
send
down
on
each
side
I
Sems';
vcry'Vften
"a""yard
long,"
^""^"wii'^
.,
and
resembling
an
old
man's
beard,
m
m.hel
curled, orname
turning Jamaica.
and winding
common
The frosted
stems arc
branched,
and thecome
branches,
This
long are set within roundish,
white,
leaves.
The flowers
out atwhich
the endarcol two
the ram"'h wm.
slender
parasitical
plant
is foundasamong
thein the
treesmore
in manv
partsprovince,
of Jamaica,
but
docscontinent,
not_J,row "jf.
roonly
there,
nor
so
luxuriantly,
it
dtfes
northern
of
the
man
aid to overrun whole forests. It is frequently imported from Jamaica to North America, for tne n ()K
Ouni
*lS6lelinett)Utcchannelled (lightly prickly, outer acute Inner retuse
41 F.focmlanceolate
branchedligulate
twisted entire
rough ventrieoee at base
41%
413) Leave*
Lents linear iubulntc
entire imbricate,
Spike lax
4140 Sp.kn
Letranarrow
channelled
recurved,
Spike imbricated
simple
ovallanceolate
two-edgetlmembranous
4141
lubdivided
nodding,
Flowers
distinct
ovate,
Leaves
ovate
4142
Le
m
ndicalstifftrosted.
Flowers
imbricated
in
an
ovate
spike
ofwhitish
bracte
4143tarestubulatetrmu,
roughSegmenta
recluate,the
StemstripeUloid
1-flowered,limb
Glumes
i-rlowerel
4144Flowtubular
reflexed
twice aa short as tube, Lvs. ent
1145Letmcordate,
Flowersnarrowed
spiked by degrees, at the base truncate cordate, Petals lin. lane
*ltn
1* lonn-triangular
4147 baves
1 lanceolate
sagittate obtuse.
umbels
4148
ellipticalFlowers
cordate,in crowded
Spike oblong
S55SCf*
on theatground
2-ranked,
Umbel shorter than spathe.
the spathe
Jglvlinpiifonn
oblong
flat smooth
callous
end, Umbel
contracted
Lim
oblongtn
hpressed
i41m LZZ""W'fonn
i, r"tllKlcd
frinRwl
withflat pink
sffipticsj
acute
retusehairs,
wavv.Umbel
Il""1few-flowered. Leaves ofspathe eerf* K
longer than spatheand Bower

Ste^ss&^
S"">""i'"abl,.[m
"I in
--.ou,
. . ..ese are^
not ,ml u, . ? T -y-
l>iled in
^ffi**
,5*
rT ihm. " ;'>
"*ortmi.
expanded
by
nbnt- ..1 1. _
bJ^Slicetoion,,!,^^^^
species
may either be'"^
hungup
in^
baskets
ofthatmoss,
or
' Z?Z^'^,
the parasitical
nar-i.,-.,
"^'"J
''himgin8
>eanginf,
spread
I ^^^S5;',,*^,,,1
1"*,1*1
~ irul,nPof
a tree_ ma"
et. upon
purpose
:
if
planted
in
|jts,
ttiey
require
"f fouherd. mixed with it ()
. *
So n.m T,i.
" 10 ";'
""derI'ontiilera,
any mode ofprofessor
treatment
', ** .4c.
5 J4flM
of botany
radua,fibrous
authorroot!of
".*"*",
and blue '* aoritteiiu
of aquatic,
herbaceous, perennial
plants,at with
1?
cf
"er
BTrC~
.',n
*l"kt*
nr
umU-ls
from
the
cloven
abeath
of
the
leave*.
I i**
bmkl!&
*"? " "ea "M
without
beauty. to the br.lliant red coloreA ofloamy
iÎLU-?*
"nameiital
1 a"d
(tower,
in alluaion
the'
E!"
T
"
"**'
ln
"""
loam
and
a
little
peat,
and
place.!
in
a
dry
.loveor
- t^WI^n'fT fr(t'lT- !awcrt) "^"^ no "ater when in a dormant elate, as the bulbs then ripen.
wSskfifr'
n account
of thehavemilky
theblossoms.
' * 'oi^0*"-âCTl'l'iii
regretted, that*noBow"'
variations
or hybrids
beenwhiteness
producedoffrom
this early
' "" . ?*'**>*' i violet. A genus resembling the last in habit, but difleriiig in
ntumn specie, (:r, preUyi bul difficult to cultivate
249
Cm* VI.
HEXANDKIA MONOGYNIA.
2iO
So. 911.1795. il *^S
73* STRUMA'RIA. Jac. truncated
911- t iAJ or 1 AtmryUidcct.
.my W . G.ti H.
H.
4170
truncta
W.
my.jn
Pk
? iA|or
lAJor 1 iap
pale-red
1795. O s.lil Jac.
.
a 1795.
4171
rubella
IV.
my Pk C. G.
Jacte.mit
S. UM
narrow-leaved
4172
angustifolia
W.
G.
H.
ap.my
W
t
lAlor
O
J
reg.
tongue-leaved
+173 linguflia W. fine-leaved t iAI or Jn W C. G. H. 1774.
il8.1 Bot
Bol
mag.440l3ffl
38B
1774.
4174
aURUa
H.
A.
C.
G.
H.
1
ap.au
Pk
BoLmag.
iAJ
or
Bpiral
1790.
4175
spiralis ,//.M.AT.
C.CG.
G. H.
4 . Pk
.1
Jac.
*.
LJ
curled-flower'd 5- -:-iAJ or jo..
1794.
417H
crispa
H.
starry
t lAJ or au Pk
4177 stellrte Jacq.
Pa.Y e.G. a 1812. ..1 Bot. mag. 16
4178 gemmta if. M. Jewel-flowered tf iAJ or 1 Amaryllidctc
Sp.261752. O r.m Bot mag. 10
RINUM.
f735.
jl.au Pa-W
\V S.W.Amer.
Bot mag. tffiSB2
fflor
2S jn.au
American
4179CRl'NUM.
americnumTV. blush-colored
Indies 1798.
1789. r.m
r.m Jacch.i
4180
erubscene
IK
S.
Amer.
W
r.m
2
jn.au
Commelin'a
4181 Commelini Ker. marsh
E.E. Indio*
1810. r.m Hho. m. 11. tn
tt LZ3
oror 22 au.s W
Indies 1810.
4182
defixum
Ker.
W
r.m Bot.reg.lW9
23
delightful
418-i
am'num
/two.
Sumatra
W
53 ...... W Bengal 1810.
t
r.m Bot reg. ,_.
, lonp-leaved
Sumatra
4184
sumatrnum
Ker
1810.
4185 longiflium A>r. red-flowered t 173 or 4 jn.au R E. Indio 1810. r.m

4186 cruntura Ker. Poison-bulb t 3 jn.au W China 32- r.m Bot mag. 1073
4187 asiticum
W.
Bot
OO r.m
C. toxicai 7->n/i.
iam Roxb. beautiful
Klndi
1810.
jn.au Pu
Bot mag.
reg. 179196
tt 23
52 jn.au
r.m
4188ambile
Mauritius
1810.
W
23
O
r.m
418!>braetetum
W.
bracteated
w
K."'
....
1810.
W
Bot
reg. 5!
4
41'K) caiialiculatun.
AVr.
cliannelled-lvd tt
<or 3 jn.au w N. S.W. 1790. OO r.m
41"1
peduncultum
. long-pedimcled
tJ
r.m
Pegu
1819.
35 ... w
4198
ciisiflium
Horb,
sword-leavcd
lAJ
or
O
r.m
Pegu
414)
loriflium
J !| 4 jn.au w
Mauritius 1819.
1818. O r.in Bot reg. 679
Pk
41<rt
augistum Roxb.
tioxb. strap-leaved
nobe
J(Ajor
Holl. 1819. OO r.m
W N.
41>5 bradiyndrumKT.short-stamened
5t uM
LAJ oror 52 jn.au
China
Bot
mag.
jn.au w Silhct 1818.
OO r.m
r.m
4196
1818.
Bot
mag. 1
24
2 my w
t EJor
r.m
4197 pUctum
declintumHort.
Herb, plaited
sloping
Rio
Janei.
1S20.
Bot mag.
4M.
I>k
[73
or
O
r.m
1J
4198
submrsum
Herb,
lake
Mauritius
1821.
W
Bot
252J
22 jljn w N. Holl. 1822. O r.m Bot. mag.
t CS
or
4199
Carevnum
Herb.
Carey'e
mag.
2J
73
or
O
r.m
421
confrtuin
Herb.
crowded
N. G.HollH. 1820.
Bot
mag.
2
4 au.B Pk
tt E3
or
O
r.m
4301
aquticum
Rnrch.
water
1822.
Bot
cab.
65U
W
2
my
173
or
O
r.m
4S02
Mauritius 1812. O r.m Bot cab. 529
4 mr Pk
t E3
or
42113 arenrium
mauritianumHerb.
Herb. sand
African
Alores
1810.
or my Pk
4204 ecbrum Herb.
Bot mag. W
Sp.7-8.
t*73G.
. .5 iAI 1 Amaryllidex.
1774. r.m
H.
my.jn
Cr .5.
r.m
Bot.
4205CYRTANTHUS.
angusliflius W. H. narrow-leaved
1816.
C.
G.
H.
r.m
Bot reg.
reg. 1
$
my.au
hill
lAlor
4905
collinul
. Reg.
Reg. spiral-leived iAI r 1 my.au S C. G. H. 1790.
r.m
Bot
mag-"-
1774.
42(7
spiralis
.
C.
G.
H.
my.au W.l
G;o C. G. H. 181. r.m
Bot
.
oblique-ieaved ?5 iAJ
or 42 my.au
4208 obltquus
W.Ker. one-flowered
reg. 5
iAI
ISIS. r.m
4209
uniflrus
r.m Bot
Botmag.S4il
Cr C.CG.G. H.
lAJoror 1f my.jl
42)0
odrus
Ker.
a
my
jl
Pk
1
pale
4211 pllidus Sima.
&>8.a 1814. r.m Red.lU2
Amaryllidete. e.fe.
Bkunbvigia. lAJ or lijn.au
737. BRUNSVI'GIA. .
S c. g. a
r.m
Bot r.3fl
192.
Josephine's
4212 Josephine;
R.
L.
1814.
1
jn.au
smaller
[Alst
minor B. Reg. many-flowered tf ^ or 1 jn.au
1752.
e.G.
a
r.m
r.m Bot
Jac-sch.}.
4213
multiflra
.1795.
c.
g.
a
r.m
Jac-scM
1
S.O
tf iAJ
or \ apau
4214
marginStaH. .H. red-margined
1790. r.m Jacsdtl- '1*
c.c. g.g. h.
^
ras|>-leaved
4215
1.. " r.m Bot mag '*"
h.
striated
iAI
lAI oror \ f 8.0
4316 Rdula
strita U.K.
G.
H.
1774.
r.m
Bot
reg.
>J
my.jn
sickle-leaved
1
iAJ
or
4217
.
C. G. H. 1774. <) r.m
reg. !
Poison-bulb
P 1 .
4218 falcta
toxicarla. Ker.
r.m Bot
Ilrevn.centt
. G.G. H.
S.O
PoisonJ/ulb 3 lAI
iAJ
'Ker.Ker. cor.
H. 1815.
1752.
fringed
LAlorP
4219- ciliris
4191
, ,. .,. Hittory,, Use,I, Propagation,
,.'.v,n bv Culture,
.1:,(. on account of the swelling of"
From
struma,
a tubercleplants:
; their culture as m Hmanthuj,. hvK)Cr.,teriforn; '
iddlc
of the style.t>.
Pretty
littlefordelicate
7.. t'r*im.
is dreek
a lily. Its limits
as a genus are defined by UM i M
,,y am,tt,
ith tins
reflened
beenhowever,
made wto ^**"'J^
destroj
and,'
with
lineargenus
reflexed
unwise ofattempts
haveWe,
maoe
tof the
(id,
into
plantssegments.
with theSome
characters
Amaryllis.
have
an"'
,
Amaryll
This is a fine sta ely gem m u ro
t inteUigible,
mode
of understanding
the genus.
several
beautiful
species
have
lately
been
introduced.
They
grow
,w
best
in
rich
loam,
"""V
""'
f
frm
the SCI
dung,
and potted
large pots
flower abundantlv.
maydown
be ininear
reaseuto mc im ^ t will
or by seed.
If thein plant
be shytheyin will
producing
suckers, it mayThey
be cut
out plenty. (Bot. Cult. 46.1
wI
I,
HEXANDRTA MONOGYNU.
2.51
4Lnralinear
easiform
rounded
obtuse
flat, Scape compressed, Stamens longer than cor.
I71
lvestower
obbjiioly
beat,
Petals
flat
4I7S Leave
Lavelinear
flat, tiermen
withobtuse
three glande
4lT3
Iroeir etuiform
rounded
flat, Scape rounded, Stamens as .ong as cur.
417*
lain filiform,
iM.ii, acute
4173
Lam
filiform
spiral,
Petals
acute
colored
outside
Umb. beiriivl
many-flowered.
Petalsendswavy flat
4'417l^filifr>rmtri)(ht,
, VpiU .much
.iliematelv
4178Scape(tatuse
longer than
thebeneath
lanceoL the
ciliated leaves, Pedunc. very long, Petals wavy channelled
4179Leaves
striated,
Umbel
sessile
many-flowered,
Tube furrowed
aboutthanas limb,
Jong asSum.
limblitUe long, than style
41B0 Lm. lane lor. with carbi teeth, Umb. subs, manv-fl.
Tube longer
!!dbW1,h
tKfail
h*!
inwards,
leaves
linear
channelled,
Srape
4-fl.
TT bng tap-root, leaves stifferect with long points smooth at edge, Umb. sess inany-fl.
SSSEf**1,*ith neck.
narrow with a nearly
edge,witha
Umb.white
few.fl. .toothed
Sep lin. laneUmb.
asloi.as
tube
SS"?0"1"0*
lin lanesmooth
straight
0?ILtube
Kulh mund, Um\,
. narrowedImlaxbroad
channelled
hi-pid
at i-dge,
I "mU sow.cartil.
many-fl Seg.edge,
shorter than
3 S
"*',h*
subulateatedgelongerthan
roughish at edge,scape,
SpalheUmb.
hcrlwreous
H
Bulbtjlind.
above "*>
ground,ljCev
Lvs. broad
Une, smooth
stalk. Sep. long lin. reflexed
!u"',r?Ur8ewi,t4"ng redneck, I.vs brow) glatir, smth. ntedge, Umb. nuiiv.fi. Tut* i.horter than liml.
,, "* L**- >| bnc. with obt. point smooth wavy at edge, Uinb. many-fl with p-debructes
S&fi"J f "H**Scape
* neck,centltJ
Leaves
ith a smooth
edge, Umb.
a very long sulk
v5i Mi.hnhiidricAllikealeek,
broadlorate
compressed,
Umb. many-fl.
lax onstalked
S
S2ft
"
"M*
'((ht
ofonelong,formUmb. manr-fl. stalked
t'u
r'"***
ova,eLeav
lorate
very
41?Sn
i""' ,e eround.
manyacuminate,
lane, with smooth
Scape
as longlonger
as Wa. than
Umb.tube
stalk. SO-30-fl.
SlSl^S
lve**i,h
m,iniLvUl,ntlv
FlowersIge,
sessile,
Segments
41*
Tb.ih
JJ^'1,:C.Um
'rave*
s"rn"K
t'bitwl
backward*
about
their
middle
4
Knit n 'T ?le
1**Vrt?2"cu,te
wav>rough
nlh edge,
at Ige,Mowers
Mowers many stalked
deelinate
t Hutb
I*"vc*
Sepalslarge
UntfHtrtf
flat notof pink
revoluto
ESSF*
Wlyy rough
at Ige,at
olxIV. flat,spreading,
Mowers van
with a tinge
at back
W>1 hulhi.V'
Ku'b Z&
I W IUrr0,Wlongeh*e"l
Ute,
Mowers
upright
crowded
narrow
green
twisted.
Mowers
cainpanulate,
Stamens
spreading
(
U w l *we,kll,llc Rn,*h Sorter
wge.than
Umbel
iflower!
shortly
stalked, Sepals lane, flat
1?**
leave*.
UmbelUmb.
5-0-flowered
I recurvedSa4*
rough at edge.
Scape
!i-edged,
5-flowered, Sepals broad
Stetem??"**
nowmcemuous.
Tube cvlindrical
W'7 , K mn,uS Pedunc
somewhat shorter
than flower, Stamens included
Lrav
!
T
3
1,Kul;,IL'
M'iral
obtuse
glaucousobversely conical
*rt lt! ': flnt """I"*. Cor. pendulous
* rwSSLte?*- I''obai UmgM throat
Anthers inn,
I
Class VI.
HEXANDRIA MONCGYN1A.
252
SP. 12. 1777. r.m Bot mag.723
NFRINF.. lAlor .
t738. NERl'Nb Herb. Fothcrgill's
11 Jl.au
my.s I*S C.C. G.G. H.
BoU
4220
curvifolia
*.
H. 1809L r.m
Bot mag.
mag. 1089
2rt
glittering
lAI
or
.m
4221
corsca
. IV.
M.
11 jn.jl
K.O RS Japan 163.
Guernsey
Lily
iAI
<*r
Bot
mag.21090
.m
4222
aaminsis
isot>.
nouny-colored
iAor
Bot
reg.
.m
1795.
4223
vcnsta
B.
M.
.
G.
H.
1 jujl
s.o Pk
ZifiAg
tf iAJ
Bot.
mag. 723
1795. .m
4224
flexuea
li C.C. G.G. H.
email
lAJ oror 2fmy.Jn
Bot.
4225
humilie W.W.W.
H. 1767.
Bot. mag.
mag. 369
40
waved-flowered
iAI
oror 1 au.8 Pk
.
.m
4226undulta
1777.
China
golden
lAJ
Bot
>5212*
.m
1758.
4227
aurea
W.
China
jn.il
Pk
Snowdrop-leav.
6
iAJ
or
Bot
mag.
.
1S18.
422H
radita
C.
G.
H.
iAI or 1Jjlau Pk
4229
rsea
Herb.Ker. rose-colored
C. G. R 1818. . Bot reg. 497
Pk
broad-headed LJOT
4230
laticma
Pk C. G. H. 1820. . Bot mag. 2407
lAlor 2 Jl
4231 pulchlla
Hit*. pretty
Sp, 3339.1774. .
AMARYLLIS. tf lAJor inAmaryllide.
t*739.
Pk CG.
4232AMAUYL'LIS.
Pumlio K. W. dwarf
C. G. H.
H. 179 . Ker'srcv.pl.8.8
J my.jl Pk
g iAI
or
Bot
mag.
47
moilest
4233
pdica
Ker.
N.
Amer. 1658. .
1my.au
).R
i
1
or
Bot
reg.
444
Lily
4964 ormoslssima W. Jaeoliea
Brazil
my.au
.a
. [
Bot
reg11*
crowned
.
.
42:15
ulica
A'er.
Brazil
1816
my.au
G.a
[Al
or
parrot
Bot
reg.
16*
4242375 psitteina
Brazil 1816
my.au W.
Bot.
mag.t'A305
<*or 1 Lo
.
.
calyptrta Ker.
ATcr. green-flowered
1710t
SS W. Indies
Bot reg.
Barbadoes lily El
23
.
4238 cqustris
W.
Indies
1710,
lJLo
larger
E3
or
Bot
453
.
major W.
America 1725. . Bot reg.
Mexican Lily or 2 \ mv.jn
4239
1807.
my.jn SSP.Y Chili
Bot reg.
reg. .
US-- *
etreaked-flow. lAlor
.
4240S regina:
dvena
M.
Chili
1821.
myjn
03 oror I . S. Amer. 1820. . Lindl coli. 11
t'ffrTirt Lindl. /,/i/#. pale
c
Bot
reg.
534
4241 solandramra
Solandra-flow
.
Z3 or 1 ap.my R Brazil 1819.
4242 pulverulenta Herb, pointed
run 1R21 . Bot mag. 2399
$4243 acuminata
cvrtanthodesKer.Siww. Cyrtanthus-hke 8
or 1 n
S .
Bot
reg.
8g
fAlor
Peru
1822.
Bot
reg.
2*
fiery
4244
gnea
Lindl.

oror 1 Ismy.jn.
Maranho
1821.
r.m
.
Bot
regW
424) can'dida Lindl. white
Brazil
1777.
.
Bot.
reg.
&
Maranho
4246
marinnsis
Ker.
1
ap.my
tf
23
or
netted-veined
Brazil
1815.
.
4247 striatifolia
reticulata W.
12 jl.au
ap.my
N. Holl. 1816 r.m Bot reg. 4
E3r
striped-leatv.l
) oror 3 jl.au
E. Indie. 1819. r.m Bot reg. ^79
New Holland i]
4248 australasica Ker. noble
4249 inslgnis
Ker. Roxb.
Bot
mag.
Crinum
tati/olium
1819. r.m
2
jl.au
Pk
[53
oror 1 .my Ve Moluccas
Bot
reg.
38232292
4250 moluccna
Molucca
r.m
Brazil
1815.
E3
Bot
reg
saffron-flower,
r.m
4251 crocta . R.
1815. .in Bot reg. 226
^ . S Brazil
(73
oror ap.my
4252
rutila
..-Beg. fiery
Brazil
mag. 14aU
Ve
ES
triped-tubed
. Bot.
4253
flgida
.W.G.Indies
H. 1754.
Jmyjn
Pk
Bot. mag. 7aS
iAI
or
charming
4254
blinda
.
.
.1
1712.
22 fl.i
F
Lily
or
Ked.
liL 4701^9
4255 pullida
Belladonna W. Belladonna
.1
... . Bot mag.
s SiF . G. H. 1769.
pale-flowered _ iAI oror 1 jlap.my
Bupcru
.
425vittta
W.
C.
G.
H.
1774.
2
my.jl
St
tf
LJ
or
reg. 139661
large
. Bot
major Lindl.
CG.
lAlor 22 jl.au
Bot mag.
4257
.W.. eickle-leaved
C. G. H.H. 1816
1752. .
jljn.jl
long-leaved tf
.
4258 cornica
longit'lia
2
or
Gutvcn's
.
iWot
AI or
revoluto
.
4259 Govenia
revolita W.W.
Ceylon
4200
.
.
4261 zevlnica
ornSta
W.
gigantea
.
R.
.
426'
latiflia
W.
4264 tatriea PalL
740.
Vaixota.
4265$VALLO'TA.
purpurea
Herb.Herb. ecaret
--

natural^
73.
Kevine. having
A fanciful
name.of the
Serine
wasofthea Cape
daughter
ofwhich
Nereus.
The
plant:ha
L__become
(on trnmcoaBt
tuemsey,
been
part
cargo
ship,
wasannually
cast away
many
. jyears
ago
Jersey
of
the
island.
N.
saniiensis
is
a
popular
autumnal
bulb,
imported
irom
im.
pfg 011of jvixj
freB
and
Guernsey,
where
it
grown
in
the
open
air
in
a
sandy
soil.
Here
it
requires
the
pro*"-"
to perfect the bulbs, so as it may flower the following year. The reason is, "1*.J;^_wof winter,which
and
the perfection
everysevere,
bulb depends,
in thepcrformu
twgit g u ir functions
our
winters arcandtoofuture
long,flowering
gloomv,ofand
to admitareof protruded
these leaves
do what
nronerly.
more winters
a very (asmildW.situation
in the
open air are
rev '"-* . iv 17?i
. Jc"eyonlyisHence
done
intwooneorto Knight's
winter
; orexperience)
twoin winters
cx]>crieiiced)
m
winter
(agrcenblv
in a frameWilliamson
with artificial
heat. {Hort,
trans, in.
and Caled, . i. .)
(tau I.
25.4
?-
pustulate. Sepals
recurved
divaricating
une
theasdecimate
leave*bearing
one
thethancOT.
stamens remote
)
I*fewUpdate
turned
upward,
oblique,
Stam.
shorter
ti
Lulj
manv-fl.
Lvs.Lorchannelled,
fewinfiiudilnihf.
lin. Cor Sepals
reWved
steLSepals
irregular.
Sepal,
curled;
the lowest
p accdLeave,
. quite
t sblue
. in.
4T
H.
lied
erect.
clvate.
linear
InnccoUtc,
Stamen,
straight,
42Fivewpals,or
all risinglyiiigin ona semicircular
raySepals
wavy.equally
Stem,revolute,
deflexedStamens
twice a. very
lung long
as cor.
<at
lerahnudnerved
the
gn.und.
4Xleva
liaelorate,Cor.Scape
Bat .month,
Peduncle,
Kil
Leave*glaucous,
deformed
pale treaked
with upright
red hispid 3-coruered twice as long ae flower
aRower sMile, for
Leafone
Seitab
longerconniving,
than tubeOne
ovatesepalobi.pushed
reflcxedasideacute.
inclined
4)One-flowered,
regularlinear.
erect
turbinate
by theStamens
stamens
KJtTubefrinH,
Cor
nodding
with
a
very
ringent
limb,
Stam.
included
in
the
involute
lower
segments
MSTubecrownedby
hrt entire
green membrane
_
, .
,Two.owerrdhalfringent.
Membrane
ofthe tube very short two-colored toothletted,, Stamens
included
*3iMem.
ofortlkeentire,
Limbshorter
halfringent
with outer
.eg. incurved Limb
at end,curved
the inner
recurved
Tuberanged,
U.a. Stalks
than thenodding
erect eyatha.
TubeDOriBOOUl,
upward*
4STubefringed,
5-4.fl. Lvs.Leaves
few lorate
acum.linear
with aligulate
keeled involute
rib, Cor.glaucous,
cemu. deeply
short thick
MOMany-d. Tubefringed,
1 or more
Stalk,turbin.
as longTube
as nodding
cor.
4S41
Rowersabout2
with
a
very
long
tube
and
a
nearly
regular
limb
Leave lung strap-shaped with the scape very ctcsious, Flowers 4 ringent with taper pointed segment.
4S43COT.
funneUhaped
campamilate
drooping, tube,
Stamens
atraiglit exserted,
Leaves
green lorate
obtuse
4 44 FViwct
limit64L
Sepalserect,rolled
into conniving.
a cvlindrical
Flower-stalks
tbe length
flowers,
Stigma
simple
4.
solitary
Serial*
StamensThroat
ascending,
Anthers
innate,
Leaves
linear
fleshy
4U;
Rower
nodding
ringent.
Outer
sepal,
broadest.
naked,
Tulic
the'leiigth
ofthe
ovary
447 LeavesleveraMorate-oblong narrow, to1ard the base, blower cernuous cuculL tubular obliquely ringent
4i Leaveslinearrery
long andflatweak,
Limb edge,
noddingFL2-lipped,
many times
longer2-lipped
than ovary
t:*9
Let, numerousspreading
withrough
sbout 10Hower-stalk.
with nodd. spreading
obsoletcly
limb
JÔ llulb phcrical, Spathebifid erectobtuse. Flowers sessile, Leaves with a long point wavy downward.
TX
e*l,hwd
scarcelyred.ns long
asturbin,
stalks, bilabiate:
lor. cern. uneq. upper
Tube assep.long
as germen,
epal remote
remote
111
LimbFlowers
coniiiv.
recurv.oneUpper
lower
sssj
utssj itL
. Spathearid
lane, not glaucous.
nodding with three
an oblique mouth,
the upper
muchnarr,
reflcxed
*=- wV,Ith
\. 0,1ft, on stalks,Fedunc.
divaricating
as
long
as
fl.
Tuh*
~*
J
i
.*
Lvs. Haul - -
Class VI.
84
2. 1815. . Bot reg. 163
741.
GRIFFITH.
Grifpinia.
1 Amitrytlidc.
jn.e Sp.Amer.
>
hyoenthinaKer.Ker.. blue
4Sb7 parvflira
emall-flowered tftf IS]
oror IJtu Pa P S. Amer. 1815. O r.m Bot reg. 511
Sp. 45. 1816. r.m WAKltltie
742.
STERNBER'GIA.
Sternberuia. or i Amaryllidc.
YP.Y Constant
Hungary
42rB
colchicifl.'.ra
W.S K. W.Colchicum-fl.
Clu. hist 1. tlfiS
i au.9
aiLS
... r.m
09
clueiana
Ker.
Ecluse'e
tf
or
290
4
au.s
Y
s
Europe 1596.
4670 chloroleiica
16tM . Ker. onc-leaved
yellow

r.m
r.m Bot
Ker. mag.
rev. pULU
4271
or 4my.au P.Gr
AmaryUidete.
Sp.
3.
t744.
ZEPHYRAN'THES.
Herb. 2*1*
1586
I my.jl
W N. Amer.
... r.m
4272
Herb. tube-sheathed
r.m Bot
Bot. mag.
mag. 9
my.jn W
Amer. llBP.
4273 tubwpatha
atamas'co Herb.
Atamasco-Lily 23
oror I myjn
r.m
Bot
reg,
821
R
Havano.
1823.
4274 rosea Lindl
rosy
tf E3 <"" Amaryllideee. Sp. 2.
t7441275HAHRANTHUS.
Herb.
Habranthus.
s
Pk & Amer. 1821. r.m Bot mag. 2455
versicolor
Herb.
changeable
4276 graciUfolius Ari elender

ftft ja W S. Amer. 1821 r.m Bot mag. 24u4
Amaryttidear. Sp 1.
745.
Br. Doryanthes.
4277DORYANTHES.
excelsa R. Br. gigantic
i | or 20 jl.au Cr N. & W. 18O0. Sks.p Bot mag. 1685
AmaryUidea;.
746.
GETHYL'LIS.
AT.
Otimin
jn.jl W
W C.C.Sp.G.G.410.
H. 1788.
1780. Lp jBC.echn.l.t79
1 or \{ jn.jl
4278
spiralis W.W.
spiral-leaved
H.
11 ilAlor
4279cilirie
fringed
i
jnjl
W
C.
G.
H.
1787.
iAJ
or
4280
villsa
W.
hairy
lAlor jn W CG. H 1790. P
4281 lanceolta W.
epear-leaved
Hemerocallideir.
Sp.
2.
747.
Ti berosb. A lAJor 5 au.s W Indies 1629. r.m Bot reg. 63
4282POLIANTHE8L
tubersa
W. L. common
r.m
3
W
JViAJor
double
El or 3 au.s P.Y Brazil 1822. r.m
42S3 Horc
gracilispinoLk.
slender
Sp. 514. 175.1 S r.m Bot mag. 139
t748. ALSTRME'RIA. spotted-flower.
W. Alst . I HIA . iAl or 1 AmaryUide.
jn.s StS Peru
Peru
R Up Bot mag. Vb
4284
Pelegrina
W.
striped-flower'dA
El ft 6}f.mr
4285
Llgtu
W.
......
R Up Bot
ma
jnjl
G.Cr
S.
Amer. 1776.
1806.
4286
sal-tilla
IV.
eatable-rooted
J
[23
dt
jn
w.p.v
Chili
1822.
4287 Klos Martini Ker. Flor le SL Mar. 23 or 3 jn S Chili 1822. SS Up
Up Bot
Hook.reg.ex.731fl. M
4288 pulchel'la Statt, red-flowered A 173 or
AmaryUidete. Sp. 16.
t749.
CONANTHE'RA.
Conanthera.
$4289campamdta
LindLFl.per.
bell-flowered
tf i_J or Imr Chili 1823. R Up Bot mag. 2496
Uypoxideec. Sp. 1519.
Hypoxia or ijn.il
750.
HYPOX'IS.
Bot
Amer. 1752. p.l
Bot magmag. 710
7
4290
erecta
W. W.W. upright
H.
f jn. Y C. G.
jef iAl
or
creeping
Jacic.2.tJ(J
4291
sobollfera
p.1
p.l
1774.
G.
H.
lAJor ijn.s
Mill
icl.tMS
villous
4292
villsa
W.
pl
1755.
Jamaica
decumbent
w
...
i 11.5
4293
decnnbene
pl Bot rep. 195
. G. H. 179-1.
jf* iAJ
4294
obliqua
W.W.W. oblique-leaved
1787. pl
.C. g.G. a
jn.jl
water
iAJ oror linjl
jajLceJUli"
4295
aquatica
ISO*
H.
"
white
iAl
"
Bot. reg. I5t
sefiba
w.
pl
isi;. O p.1
C.C. G.G. H.
obtuse
tAj
oror ij inf.m
297
obtisa
B.
Reg.
Bot mag.
s.p
181
.
H.
smooth-leaved
iAJ
4298
Ovta
If.
lk.t
mag. 1010
6
O
s.p
1752.
W.B
G.
H.
star-flowered
j|
iAJ
or
*299stcllta IV.
Bot
mag.
1223
O
s.p
1752.
W. CG. H.
white stnr-ow. -f lA] or
h'gam P. S.
History, Use, Propapa/ion, Culture,

FuionS" T!,a.!l. ''u<'cos,f'!1. ""w** nf plas. Ill, coBectkm is even now one of the lines!I, andin
TS%ler,,/ZJ}
bul have
Imad.stalkcd
loaves,botanist
and blue
species
enZT^,'| ?, rt,,h'e
f"Amaryllis,
1 mmt "
Stcnilierg,
a celebrated
andflowers,
patron of botany. Tl.c
ofSlut, " rare ' ' formcrl>' "*Bel to Amarylli.; they are all hardy, and, with the cxcept.on
prMlv iKiTi'h"
Herbert
seems tohardy,
meana.wind-flower.
border
ail but m,r .! i ,A {'"4!?"1
Sm^fT employed
"owenL hv|1Mr.freies
are soIt nearly
to survive inThesearo
a warm
toit lSdl^?TP
and *,9' " "'CT. Sra"" plants resembling the last in
1& S" .^ 7al1',';K','',"llCd
by thoir
""^ declnale
slaincns.
. long
,
straight
,' by 1 ?
dt' ^f"1'
>lar, and
.,J, a flower, on account of the
grows
free1,i oi S, r.f"y
V1* " '!""'
faml '- but"owers.
This
is a till
lineitplan!
from
New
South Wales.is the1!
most
pron
loam
d"
not
flower
gets
large
:
a
conservatory
increased!,,' ck,,rr,,rr'1. the flower-stem grows to a great height the flowers expand. It maybe
delicious
of .T.-T,9'"''
arc "^'1
the Cape
of GoodTheir
Hopebulb.
for the
quire
the,,f
usual,meaim
""."^ ?0'
_P*Tnt'n<,wt,rs
very curious
: bul few haveat been
introduced.
re.
"uai attention as to not watering thorn when in a dormant state; they are increased byoflietior
Ouii I.
te.
Leara
with
a
flat
stalk.
The
lower sepals
wavy. Umbel
Scape with
a prominent
alone uii.orin
each side S5
tai Leans o.aUanceol. with a italkthroetwe-edged
crosswise,
remarkably
stalked,lineSpala
B Lenalinearnbquely twiated shining
, u'1 ^ aal ver>' glaucous laxly spiral
S
.t?25?^
'i?"" Tubemvery
two-edged
scape.rounded
Sepals atoval-oblong
d
lowered, Leaflinear,
short, Sepals
end obtuse
' 4'4
5 !
**
*!S
s',athe
U"""
sheathing
erect
bind
twice
as
short
as stalk
M rt'1"1*!
S|",lhc bM
'""8"thanthnthe"""t.
Sep*11 acuminate
. una
ijiag Hat on theground
ihorter
one-flowered
scape, Spathe bifld fleshy at end
Leans cyliodrical
linear
*STr beans
species
*-T9 bara
^"^XlSs&iatT 0,a^0bl0"
^racemose, Sceau Iinrar
^fWcampaulategrading
leaves
more
SC iXi* pilo' *, . " , !5 sn . leaves"" '
Fruitobtufl
cylindrical
S^b~U%X^tt
"' Leave, bar,
keeled smooth leaves
l,llu,rmaai__J,n.i!theor, - headd. .
rttcuiarr.
tal
abundanceaof the:
ere. ta,,he
It u imiHirted
k'av out
"" woul11 obtain fo'r
5J)
ho
in his
travel, through"*Mis? nSS"11 the 'est EV"'Wlllirl,ad'A Li
fragrant
aamignionette
f Ihn;
' ,k
i give
but ItIt will
blossom
well
a good Watering ? " ."?.lbe
ft,ti^ rihicniir,^'':,
Cum V]
256
.p * "
H. 1821
1 jl
YY C.C. G.
Jac ic. 2. 1 367
VUC
etelliplUa
Kcr.W. etarry-liaired
17. O l.p
G.G. H.
oror 2 jn.jl
plaited-leaved ]f_ |1
Lp
Bot
rep 1717(0
4301
veratriflia
17
C.
H.
ap.my
Y
l.p
Bot.
mag.
\ linearis . Hrp. linear-leaved

im
G.
H.
I
jn.jl
Y
lAI
or
l.p
Smi.
spic.l.tl6
eaw-leaved
4303
serrata
W.
1747.
Carolina
Y
runIty
1 or * jn.jl
4304 juncea wSp.Sumatra
610. 1811 O l.p Bot. cab. 443
Hy/toxidi-tv.
CuecuLioa
751, CUKCU'LIUO. H. X.Sumatra
S
jl
Y
O l.p
430; sumntrana Roxb. pi.lited-leaved lAI or
C. G. H. 17SS.
l.p Botreg.345
Kosli. cor. .US
4306
plicata
H. A.W.
180ft
[! ir . my.jl J, E.E. Indira
l.p
Bot11 .
narrow-leaved
4307
orchioides
ia
Indies
C?vl"r
Bot. mag.
mag. W*
iza or my.au Y l'oolo Fin 1804. Lp
4:508 breviflia H. A. short-leaved
l.p
Botreg.il"
broad-leaved
4309
latiflia
H.
A.
1805.
Bengal
... Y
4310 recrvala H. A. rocunred-leav'd or 1 Gramnea?.
Sp.India
310. 1730. S 1 Roxb. 0.1. L7S
Bamboo Cane.
75'2.
401 ...... Ap
4311BAMBU'SA.
arundincca W.
IV. common
Ap India 1802. S 1 Koxb.cor.1. t.80
whorl-flowered
4J12 verticillta
Calamts.
753.
CA'LAMUS.
W. common
50 Po/m<r.
... o> 2-10.
K. Indies 1812 S s.l Bumpb.S.t?
4313
ruden'tum
(.
0
Ap E- Indies 1812 S s.l Uumph. U7. 1-
Java
4J14 Zaleca '.
Graminerr.
Sp.
EHRHAITA.
754.
my.jl Ap C. G.18.H. 1790. S Smith inedl.t9
4315KHKHAK'TA.
pancea If. W. Panic-grass 121 lAJ cu 2 Arnidete.
,
755.
AuSp. 23.
Britain pools D m. Eng. bot 356
m 2 Jnjl
sweet-flag
4-I6A'CORUS.
calamus if.W.
f
Ap China 17S6. D s.p SmLsplc.lo. tit
grass-leaved
4317 gramneua W.
Aroide.
Sp.
2t
Orontium.
756.
Ijn Ap N. Amer. 1775. D ,.p Hook. ex. IL 19
4318ORONTIUM.
aqulicum
W. W. aquatic
; 2 ja-ap Ap Japan 1783. 1) g p Bot. mag. 8
Japan
54319
japonicum W.
1.
1810. l.p Bot reg. 71
Tl'P.STRA. cu 2 Aruidef.
757. TUPIS'TRA. M, Amboyna
Sp. Amboyna
4320 equlida . If.
Aroidete.
Sp. %E. indies 17P3. R 1-P "nt call KS
Tacca.
758.
'.
W.
2
...
l'u
1810. St l.p Bot mag. 14
(23
Salep
4321
4322 pinnatlida
iiitegrillia IV.
3f. entire-leaved ["1 cu 2 my.jl Pu E. Indies
(/Wary, Use, Propaealmn, /Iure,

, rnce*
751. Curculigo. From M the weevil, one of t". <*^> insec-t. ; ^re andVrcasc, but ol
resembling
tl.
rostan.,
or
beak
of
that
animal
The
speeiea
are
of
the
little beeutv. They in most respects Hypoxu.

,... h . woody, hollow, round, tnagi
7.72. SitnW
the Indian
fe.iA.: theB. nrum^1m
cirrumferei
culm,
forty feet litUliieolrMn
highand upiiar.ls,
imple name
and shilling
internodon ""root'n uu ltl
.,,1 ,imlli
spring nt
eath.
thick.
rough,
eonvclu.e,
deciduous
,
branches
Swbrs
dilhiseil
in SP ,ery
K
outItfrom
the
base
to
the
very
top
;
the
lower
ones
being
usually
cut
off.
1
ami
it
of
^
grows naturally almost every where within the tropical regions. Over a grca i
|dU, and common
,
in
China,
Cochin-China,
Tonquln
Cambodia,
Japan,
(eylon
i
se
south
Carolma.
i.lamU. It has been long introiluccd into the West Indies, and is said to nourish ^; ,lllhe Fjst Indies
There is,h iicrha!,
any plant thathouses
servesofforthesuchmeaner
a variety
of are
domejUc]
" ' built ny i
-real
madementions,
of ,tscarcely
in building,
people
'lld
PatrickuseBroun
that it wasandyetthestrong
and perfect in some
of the
b*"c,fnr
thcir toiU, bov
deot
il.
maso-'".
, |.d]X.ralso
Spaniards
in Jamaica
almve
a hundred
years
before.utensils
Bridgeinlso
both
domestic
and nirali||(i
^
etna,
baskets,
mats,
and
a
great
variety
of
other
and
furniture,
1
ot
'..
is the
is ndc from it, by hruising and steeping it in water, and thus forming it n u a 1".J
srcwrally
fence
for
gardens
and
fields
i
anil
is
frequently
used
as
pipes
for
|1>
r.ltenei
to-ethcr
so
as
to '
put
the chests
topsteaofwhich
are sent
to Kuro,ie
from China
in,
I, inuic..
n
aTabasheer
kindround
of mat
The
the
tender
shoots
arc
frequently
pickled
the
west
Urd
or Til
-, JVoulJ
,s:" found
at' certain
scaeons
concrele
found
arec,1,,'|
lho Arabia"
Physician,
in ahigh
estimation.
It is commonly
InSib
the"ll,t
cavities
or tubular
of"h'!'h
the
* The
' hold
on
.5
"'7'a',C
contain
arcorder
fnumlto
an parts
article
hichbamboo
thebamboos.
Atlmeextract
tli toTallS,
The',,
" ''w "r",^
S"mc
K"uallvIvimhoos
lessens,which
and then
theytins
areconcrele
OIKilied
in
opened
in the product of etila , " ""' "''"ce is very dieteetit from what might have
breo expeled
with afkali,"
mdctructiliihty by lire, its total resistance to acid, it. uniting lus,...
again
separable
from
I
.e'?0
,
,
i
"
?
",t
"'"T"
ra''"".
i,,to
a
transparent
permanent
glass,
and Itreason,
bMJ
for considering
, ,, t,
nr ' "U mi^
J 4"'"ty
""ehatlgcd
by acids,
ike. seem to allbrtl thetirtlics,
..ro..gt
drug
lie, a. paid
ix",reit,taolirviv
"hVth
common
siliceous
earli.
ll.e
any regard
m ic m.w
" .f1<X?
lho
yet theyA.arelo ilsnot mclical
such as to causethough
it to have
byThe
sueker.
,""^ l,raclue
real height
in ourin stoves
liainboos "BroV,,3!
ol ]>ll>-sic
Europa!,in moist loamy soil, and they arc readily increased
nlMIU,
In
Utin.
FTu",
SS'
!
r",1',in
Grcck
i
"'<, in link
Arabic
; ,
Sclavonic
; calamus,
and
l^'nu, having the inore.eeur,. ,a ,i r" "" thc, eOMMCtlng
between
the inpalms
and the
gramineous
ice ol the tonner, and the habit ol the latter. It furnishes the rattan canei.ol *
Oui I.
i *Ai
Scape
tetraradical
numerous
white beneath
withsmooth
stellateplaited
hairs, leaves
Umbel
few-flowered
4301
1-fl. thorter
thanchannelled,
theoblong
elliptical
tXiS
Learalinear
smooth
Flower
solitary
green
outside
43
Sape
14,
ihurter
than
the
linear
eiliatc
serrate
Keeled
leave*,
Flowers
out of flower reflcxed
4304 Learachannelled hair; entire, Scapes 1-.
435 Leara
Learalanceolate
on longFlowers
stalks.sessile
Head sessile, Flowers shorter than brartec
J6
linear subulate,
subulate,
4307
Leara Unceolate,
linear
Leaves
TubeMower*
offlowerstalked
verv long
4309
Learaelliptical.recurved,
Head sesxile,
offlower
scarcely
than
limbrhnrt
WWLearaelliptical
HeadTulie
stalked
ceniuous.
Tubelonger
of (lower
Uli Paniclebrancheddivaricating
UliSpiketerminal
simple whorled
WPrickles
ofrt-m reflexed,
ill*
ileispreading,
SpailixSpadix
radicaldivaricating straight
4315Cuba divided, Paniclebranched, blowers erect digynouR
16
ofscape
very long lesfy than spadix
OH Point
ofscarcelylonger
313
Lrares
Unreolatc-ovate
OB Learaconform
*Theonlyspecks
1
tripartite multifidentire stalked
US Leara
Leave* ovalelanceolate
A 4314 ' * -
Class VI.
HEXANDRIA MjONOGYNIA.
7.m aspidistra, ^
1 froide*.
jl
Pu SM-China 1S2. Sit Bot reg. 03
tSB lurida Ker.
dinB
Junce.
Eng. bot
161*
Rush.Bharp eea ec 6 jLau ApSp. Britain eea
.
7t. JUN'CUS- bot.
1725
gal.
m. SSS sm. Eng.
4324
P. great
Ap Britain
Eng.
bot.
835
lesser sharp sea ec 42 au
moi.p.
BriUin
4325 acitus
marltimus
Ap
m
s
Eng.
bot
8*
moi.p.
S
/ ec 3 jn.jl
conglomcrtue IV. common
Britain
my.au Ap England moi.p. S m.e Eng. bot 605
tan
cfiieu
r.f.
Ai Europe 1820. S m., Flor.Dan.tlOM
eccu 2Uiljl
hard
8
glacue
,M>
1822. SS m. Engtet lbs
coast
Norway
4J29
Iwlticu
if.
1
my
Ap
cu
tur.tio.
arctic
Britain
4330
rcticue
L.
Ap
4
au
cu
Eng.
bot
1482
scalp.
SS m.
leufct
Scotland
4331
tilifrmis
W.
Ap
m.
Eng.
bol
cu
three-leaved
sa.hea
Britain
MB
Ap
m.
Eng.
bot
Sil*
Gooie-corn
cu ,L
icalp.
S
4333 trtidus
squirr6susff. If. slender
Scotland
Ap
} Jjl.au
jl.au Ap Europe 1823. S
4S gracilis & B.
O cu
moi.p
SS n.s
aded
433:3
. Lr _. ihining-fruited
Ap Britain
m.s Eng.
Eng. tat
bot 21
8
ww 22 jn.au
moi.p.
433 capittus
lampoi-Arpus
Britain
jLau Ap
m.
Eng
bot
21
sharp-flowered
mar.
S
Britain
4337
acutittirus
!..
7
au A
m
Eng.
bot
801
ww Ii1 jnjl
blunt-flowered
tur.ne.
S
England
4338
obtjsiflrus
L.T.
Ap
little-bulbous
1823.
S
N.
Amer
43.09
uliginsus
. . bearded
1 JjLau
jl
m. Fl. dan. 817
cu
1S21.
S
43)
aristtus
Mich.
Europe
A
p
cu
... SS m.s Eng. bot
4341 subverticilltui W. half-whorled
Ap Britain
bulbous-rooted w jLau
W.8.gr.
4342
bullous f.
BriUin
CU
AP
toad
bgs.m
BriUin
43+buonius
W.
Ap
Scotland
bgs.m.
b m.<
m.s Eng.
.. bot.
4344
trigUimis IfPr.
Ap
Scotland scalp. S ms Eng. bot
cu
44 biglimis
AP
0,1
4346 castneus H. K.
Eng. tat
756
ApSp. 10-25.
Britain groves. S m.s
7fil. LU'ZULA. Dec
1
Ap
England
woods. SS m.s
4347
ms Eng
Eng. bot
tat 7
Ap
BriUin
woods.
434 pilsa
ForstenW.E. B.
Ap Switzerl. ... S Z\ -*
4->V9
mxima
4S50
Ap
Sw-tzerl. 1770.
g ni Sch.granij.U<
43.-.1 lutea
lbirta f.f
Ap
Ap Switaerl.
BriUin bar.pa. S m.s
4352
ntvea
W.
.. Eng.tat.67i.
HOtgrAtWS
4353
campstris
Ap
France
m.s
Eng.
tat UW 4
An
Scotland
scalp.
S
4354 cungsta W. en.
in
s
Hos.gram.-.t
Ap Europe 1820. S
43.^5
4356 spicta
ftavwccnbW L*.
Palma.
762.
CO'RYPHA.
IV.ff.
4.157
umbraculifera
54358 Tallera lioxb.
History. Use, Propagation, Cuit

of these qualities ^ X
In its natural sUtc it is one of the most bitter and acrid, but loses sonnalething
falte to theater.totton
Theniealisttan
The raw root is rasped, and washed frequently in water, when a white
this
is
again
washed
twice
or
thrice,
till
no
more
acrimony
can
be
I*1?61*'.,
v.
_
dried
in
the
sun.
The
first
infusions
are
thrown
away
carcfullv,
being
looKea
ut
deadly. In Ouheite and the other Society isles, they make of this meal a usteiui
uccâneum
and
cake-like
salep.
In
where
eagu
bread
isa plaster
not common,
siuirp.
hi Banda,
,
^'so
r they
~' use
~W thisjuiJiJ
" Th
,.tiol
andr stalk
boilediti.
ions
preferable
to
the
other.
Thcv
also
apply
it
as
to
deep
wounds,
inc
pnoies
.
hi.rbina
time
lose
their
acrimony,
are
lit
for
as
well
root,
tnina
(
mlh
and
rendered
food,
as
the
roots,
in
uw.
.
A
pjjmt
i
759. Aspidistra. From rat, a little round shield, on account of the form of tne nower.
lame
habit
as Tupistra,
butLatin,
with Jungo,
soliurytoradical
flowers
half
buried
inmade
the oteartn.
juncea?
and Cype760.
Juncus.
From
the
join
:
the
first
ropes
were
rusnes
^
AD,nencuin,
form intermediate links between the ramine and the Ldiaceaj ; some oi nie w
bearing
considerable
resemblance
to theonJuncea?.
^ also
nlen In someÛg
parts ofour
own
J. acutus
maritimus
are roots
planted
the into
sea-embankmenta
ofform
Holland
and
Liether,
coasu,
and inand
America.
The
rungrown
deep
theflower,
sand, and
a matten
n, "r
an(1onc^,1
uppants
hr-
In
Holland,
when
the
plants
are
fully
and
in
they
are
cut
down
do
of
,bc
com.
The
J.
acutus,
being
very
rough,
is
used
for
scouring
copper
and
other
vessiis,
iMi
and
often
imported into this country for that purpose, under the name of the Dutch rush, ine ui t~
both,
are plaited intoandmats,
baskets,
chair-bottoms,
&C, little baskets anri, cniiurcu
_b;1aren's om-mt-nts and
J. conglomeratus
eflusus
are usexl
when greenropes,
for making
theJ.pith
of
this
and
other
species
is
used
as
wicks
for
watch.lights,
and
children
s
to>s.
of removing
conglomeratus
bad weeds
wet-bottomed
clayey
" umlcr-drainage
themglaucus
is to digandthem
out, and toareprevent
their ingrowth,
to lay the
landpastures,
dry by suroat
tyM for
1 he.c species, and some others, are gathered green by the Dutch gardeners, and am
mentioned h
nruit-trees. : ami
Sir sir
J. E.Th
Smith says, "1^.,.,
they both,,i
probably,
servedIVforandstrewing
in f
nf nvi-.rd
later ; floors
till more
rcfliic-l main wrought
111
Is?
O.tu ].
HEXANDRfA MONOGVNIA.
259
MThe oolj *
VWCuIrn roundedmucronato, Panicle terminal, Invol. 2-leaved spiny
iahrtkhfmiiialprolifiTou,
Involucre
spiny,
Caps.triandrous
oN. acute as long as sepal*
iCulm
uynght, Han.
l'an, Literal
ladral decompound
globose,
Caps,'2-leaved
rctuse.Caps,
Flowers
ttf
Culm upnehl,
efluse,
clvate
truncate at end
+;3 Culm iutous atPanicle
the endeffuse
bent inward* and rounded, Pia lat, erect, Caps, oblong acute
*SCulmpungent,
MlCulm
erect, Umbel
lateral,
Pedune.
iiil
nodding,
Panicle
lateralmany-fl. Flowers sessile
I ' Cltlra
Learnblifura
and hmi
ternary
terminal
MLeave
Mmnl
Heads
clustered
4iH Learn linearflat. Stem dichotomoueleafless
racemose higher than leave*. Flowers solitary
V.
ulin filiform, compressed,
Head terminalCulm
do
solitary mPanic,
an involucre
toi <Leavejointed
notjointed,
erect, Cap*, colored shining
iU
eompre*ed.round,
CulmPanic,
not jointed.
Panic, Sepal
compound
Sepals acute
B Lemesjointed
loves and.ternjointed
divaricating,
obtusedichotomoue,
as long at capsule
Ol
UmbrisT
somewhat
knotty.
Heads
Iflowored
proliferous
Culm bulbous
i+'Bnlbom, Culm leafy erect compressed. Flowers 3-androus and brades?
beardedrooting
*M Culmprocumbent,
Leave*Culm
setaceousjointed,
Corymb
dichotomous
divar-cating, Head j-fl. sessile
1linearcbannelled,
leafy at base. racemose.
Pan. cyinoee.
Cape,solitary
obtuse
US Lejveslinear
chinnclled,
Culm
dichotomous
Flowers
Leavessat,
Head
3-flowered
terminal
erect
leafless
with
bractea;
*H Leara
leavesflat,
Head -floweredHeadterminal
at base leafy at bate, Brade acute
1AH
flatstem-clasping,
terminalone-sided
double leafy
many-flowered
mS!*a,'ePilose' Panic
Panic cymote
eymose divaricating,
Cape, obtuse
*J*uempause.
erect, cymose
FlowcreFlowers
solitary,solitary,
Cape,Flowers
pointed
2
1
pill**
taper-pointed.
Panic,
decompound.
in bundle*Sepals acute slimm-i
^ Leaes
Uivemil
smooth,
comp,shorter
close, than
Pedune
M
pilose,iheathi
Corvmb
riecomp.Corvmb
Spreading
leaves,many-flowered,
Sepals mucronate
equal, lioot hbrous
m Leaves |*Jsm Corvmb' DOM,
t?jvepito*.
^ 'pmtjsHttd shorter b- -es, Sepals acute unequal, Root cm*""
Wife-**
'i'
Fhw, ,' --natter,
*. llowersanil
Mowers anil
and capsules larger
,,.,
iyiSfc^ 4351
A/i.r,7/.
1 4337
"sMrrtaid.!?en "nerre ataaa"length
introducedP.micibars
carpeta. For the former purpose,
indeed, as well
1.
Leu,
SmtJSHSl
Sc"pu'
has
their
use. [Engliih; whence
Flora, p. 165.)name has
Jacownrrt us' Iw.r, dutmguish
wtTC ca'11 bythetherushes
ancientsuperseded
Grnmm
"JIWrtaQ.
withbotanists
flat leaves,
fromLuxula
those which havethis
leaves rescm.
* " ll*bsnnwUe^,Vi,?Vh.e * of any thing ; a name applied by Unanla to this noble genus of
"*1|1
*" n
immenseof OyfeaO,
fans twentv fort lung
tilleen
wide.
In Ceylon
this
palm
*
maSSyS*
biganditandwill
tallcover
as a fifteen
ship's
mast,
and men.
very
ârtltUrm
l'il1u*;'hnoxmc(*
being so broad andit grow,
largo, asthat
or twenty
'
~1?.
taocri
and
though
it
be
very
broad
when
open,
vet
it
will
fold
close
like
a
5 5> thickets
these the.'Soliliei.
ZJiJzrV
man
s
arm.
The
whole
leal
spread
is
round,
but
is
cut
into
triangular
pieces
narrow
end foremost,
makedrytheirin case
way
J 'antheirnurch S!1 "V ''' anMthey
""' travel,
******with"'emthefrom
the sun,
and to keepto them
7 <>bursno Irui'tZ.ii ,s ,t',hl''ru,lts for them to lie under. Those loaves all grow 00 the top of the
''"'"rystreogl.
life, and
vellowbranches
blossom-,; thesecome
most lovelytotoa behold,
but
; ;"4
haid, ' com.
"* ul' , n"W
the top, fand.pread
abroadthenill great
fruit, round
4not .oil t, , "ne tlowen
1'0"11'i i * abundance,
,._*a Tr-
at ti,.that one tree will yield seed eoo..i.
iron
-bem Province, of IndiafOTCOVt,rin4h(Hiic<aiidfo
S p
S60
Sp.-.
70S. LICTA'LA. W. LictiaL. mec G Palma'.
... W.gr
F. Indies 1HU. S r.m R
4359 spinsa IV.
Po/mx.
Sp.
13. 177o.
764.
THRKNAX.
.
.
,
43t parviflra If.
S"
= 15 ... W.gr Jamaica
Sp.
13-99.
t7S5 TliADESCANTTA. SnDMWojrr. or .
H
N. Amer. 1629. p,l
Pk Carolina
-i W.
if
common
. or 1 my.o
r.m
4361
virginica
1802.
my.o
rose-flowered ^^3t
r.m
N.
Amer.
1812.
4,'iiV.'
rsea
PA.
Pu
my.o Mexico 1796. L B.p H
Lyon's4363 subspera . M. thick-lenved
3l ororor 3 jl.o
E
1794.
S r.m
4364
crassiflia
IV.
HW Mexico
upriftht
m>
i;I
&H. Amer.
178. Sk
Sk
43ftr> erecta W.
11 jl.au
ap.s
purple-leaved
f
Dor
r.m
Indies
7
4366
discolor
W.
Pu
Grass-leaved f CZ3
or A jl.au
I
S.Peru
Amer. 1820.
LL r.m
4367 malalirica W. rusty
6.0
or
1822.
4368
fuscta LoM.
au s li; W. Indies 1783. L 8,p J
f
oror 11 jl.au
4369 |>arviflra
F/. per email-flowered
knotted
CS
Ceylon
177a SD r.m
4370 geniculta W.
1 jla
crested
r.m II
W. Indies 1759.
4371
Gentian-lcav'd f 2
or ljl-d
4."2 cristta
Zannia W.*.
Sp.
14
DiciioRtZANORA.
Comnu-linear.
766.
Fand.
or 4 au Brazil ' 1822. R r.m
4373DICHORIZAN'DRA.
tliyrsiflra Vand thyreoid
JhmeroeaUide.
767.
AGAPANTHUS
W.
African
Lily.
]
. G.Sp.H.23.1692. r.m
4374 umbelltus '. large-flowered tf jAJ or 32 ja.au
r.m
ja.au
varirgatus
sliijxdJeavetl
ij
[)
<
r.m \
ja.au P.B G. H.
4375 ' W. en. email-flowered ,] or 4 Hrmerocattidcr.
Sp. 23.
7f.
.noble
Br. BlaNDFOKDU.
.lp
N. S.S.W.
4VJ7eBLANDFOU'DIA.
nndis . Br.
f iAI or 2 jl.au
jl.au Or
Cr N.
W. 1803.
1812. .1 P
4377 grandiflora . Zfr. large-flowered tAJ or 2 llemerocallidc.
Sp. 79IT".". il
r'7fi9.
HEMKHOCAI/LI&
W. Day Lily. or jnjl
Siberia
437
8.1
ia>6.
Siberia
Y
437'J gramnea
Hva . .11. . narrow-leaved
yellow
or S jnmy.jl
171'H. S.I
China
mv.jl Or
4380
<11sticha
Donn. fan-like
tf. oror 4 jll.au
1596. sisi
Levant
Fui
4381
fuva
W.
copper-colored
4382 Lilietrum W.en. Savoy-Spiderw. or 1 my.jn W Switierl. isa
Anthericum l.iliastrum
L.
l,
white-flowered
or 1 au.s W Japan 17
4383
1711. p.1
54384 Japnica
ca-rdea H...M. blue-flowcred or my.jl II JapanSp.99116.
.. G. H 1823.
Aloe.
770.
A'LOK. W. Dec. dark-green
1 my
n-'_Jgr
54385
179*
n--l_Jgr
i_l g' 11 rny.a
94386 atrovirens
tortusa finie. twisted
1705.
C.C. G.
G.G. H.
H.
my.s
rigid
54387
rgida
D,Haw.
c.
1705.
H.
"-IDgr 11 jn.jl
rough
54388
asnera
1727.
Sk
C.
G.
H.
clammy
4389
viecsa
.
1795.
G.
H.
1
)1
4390 lbicans
Haw.//aw white-edged
Sk
c. <;. h 1795.
J my.au
boat-leaved f lAlgr
4.391
cymbilormiu
1714.
G.
H.
iAIbt i1 my.au
4392
reticulatallaw.
llnw. netted
1795.
C.C. G.G. H.
au
recurve-leaved
f,
[Zil
gr
4:193
recurva
17i>.
H.
1
my.jl
smooth
cushion^
iAl
gr
4594rctKl
1795. Sk
Sk
C.C. G.G. H.
4395 mirabilisW. Haw. rough cushion iAl gr $ my.au
H. 1795. Ls
4396 translccns /f. transparent gr 3 my.au
_4S7I
4360
4368
4376 ,
j.
Histi'ry, Un-, Propagation, Culture,
drupe ateuTthe
s5,
?*"'
of
this
plant
in thelongMoluccas.
Thefinallv
fruit
of this pa
^!*&^1?25%!~\
green,l but
narrow
the IslebrMl1
of fclelies,
atdhTrt1aves
rind ',,it'' SIStrill*1 i 1" mi,ldlc
" f"'Void
-rappingMacassar,
up fruit,they
Se mat
Th.
764
,Jl?m%rlllt^
llk
"
f
m<t
|ijm,
i.
flittlo
uw.
'aMica
"^
.Tfe*
"
fan
Thc
'v
o
this
little
palm
forra
a
.ort
of
fan
hilffi-^^ S".hT îVM* ta many parts of' Jamaica ; that it growl
and
ri.es
geneVay
m
f,
,,r
or
M.'
V4'
'
thrivc
in
<".
sh""
form ..lto afeed
fa, 11|,
,i a,, , Sffc
. ",mu,rKl
"'"|"" foot-sUlks,
fourteen feet
height.greatIt abundance
is always turn*
"Tve
andinbears
of si
orstand,
Sr. the
hieb!^
ni '*bca.U
of the wood,
when
they
are.Iina season.
The trunk
wate,
wn
..
m."l'h
I*
In
wharf.,
other
buildings
made
t"thatch,
make.I
basket,
how
,i
L
'otichiM
b,
the
worms.
The
font.it.ilk
of
the
leaves
spl
,,',?:"'* i"' '"l10". ,i;''wncr<' rength and toughness are required. Th.
are apt to harbou, StYid Mh1 ' O"t-hou,1. '1 and the weather many year, ;
765. '. So named by RupplUB, in memory John Tradescant, gardener to
troduced the rlret species to Europe. The museum of the Tradescants is eclebrateci as one
OllDEg L
HEXANDRIA MOVOGYNIA.
42B Frond pdmatc, Segmenta linear toothed truncate ut end. Stem spiny
FroodBibeUlform palmate plaited with stifflanceolate segments, Stem compressed not prickly
41 Erect, Leaves
Lata grassy
lanceolate
imooth,
Flowers umbelled
rlustcrcd
terminal
OSErat,
veryLcsves
long, Peduncles
fcw.flowered,
Cal smooth
i'iil
Erect
imooth
branched,
Iohr
recurved
ciliated,
Pedunc.
laL andterminal
tonn
lei Erect,
Ltsve* Leave
ovateatovate
the edge
andatunder
woollv, Flowers
umbelled
clustered
*
narrow
base
smooth,
Peduncle
terminal
naked
hilid
racemose
iM6fteaursatraootb,
Brades solitary
cquiUntvery
compressed.
Leaves lanceolate colored beneath
IM
Erect iroooth,
Peduncles
long acuminate
tfcScmle
with
rutty
hairs,
Leaves
elliptical
radical
WCreeping, Leaves
oblong: under the flowers cordate, Pedunc. umbelled axillary
Procumbent
hairyovate
CI
Creeping
imooth,
Spathes
S-leavedPedunc,
imbricated
"* Erect, Cavesbroad lanceolate,
lateral solitary many-flowered, Bractes double
ovallanceolate whole-colored, Racemes thyreoid many-flowered
37* Prdunclalength ofcorolla, Leaves linear
75 Pedunclestwiceas long as corolla. Leaves linear
Bradestwicelongaiathrt
as flower-stalks,
Leaves
Bradesai
flower-stalks
: the inner
muchverythenarrow
shortest
Leaveslinear keeled, Three Inter, ptala wavv, Nerves ofthe petals undivided
3 t " Unctr kideddistichous,
prtlU flat acute.
Nervesacute
ofthe
petals undivided
keeled
Sepab wavy
^reeding
rcflexed. Nerves branched
3 i lineur flat.
kwlctl'ScapeThree
innerNerves
petals ofpetals
obtuse wavy.
Nerves ofouter petals branched
^l*ts
simple.
undivided
* cordateaoiminatc.
Cor.ofcor.
funneUhapcd
*wLeavesovate
acuminate, Limb
ca.tm"anllate
esst.
Stemcthmuchnjjmee
twisted
th.horizontal
Wgh, Stem e
54 ^
^?'/0,'11^.
;Sc a T
Co,*lina O'o TrX
iu " fofin thebotanical
genus
;.."J* f ^
"* pUnt ,',;?.,1,T. 'rid
."1 *.
f .C?ne,Ln
i radcmia.
*25s
* *"w3b!S ?^ : beautiful day.Iily n h ...
61
262
HEX ANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
43rt p(\mila Haw.

small-cobweb
43 8 arachnoides Haw. cobweb
4399 rdula Haw
raspy-pearl
4400 attenuta Haw.
chalky-pearl
4401 minima Haw.
least-pearl
440.2 minor Haw
lesser-pearl
440.3 margaritifera H. K. larger-pearl
4404 Hawrthii Hort, largest-pearl
1405 bullulata Jacq.
blistered
w
if
w:
if
y
if
y:
LA gr
- gr
LA gr.
u/\lgr
u\] gr
u/\l gr
LA gr
uM. gr.
LA gr.
1406 pseudo-rigida Salm. gunpowdered # u\l gr

4407 bicarinta Haw.
4408 spirlis Haw.
4409 spirella Haw:
4410 pentagna Haw.
A torta
4411 imbricta Haw.
ouble-keeled *-u-J gr
great-spiral
small-spiral
*-u-Jgr
*-u-J.gr
* Ll gr
five-sided
twisted
rough-flowered n-u
small-leaved
44.13 semiglabrta Haw half-smoothed
erect-pearl
short-pearl
$4416 fasciata Haw.
barred-pearl
4417 scbra Haw.
rough
4418 papillsa Salm.
papillose
4419 pseudo tortuosa Sal. twisted-triang.
4412 foliolsa Haw.
#
erecta Haw.
44.15 brvis Haw.
4420 concinna Haw.

4421 cordiflia Haw.
mat
heart-leaved
4422 asperiuscula Haw, small-thick
# curta
Haw.
$4424 tortlla Haw.

4.425 mitida Salm.
26 setta Haw.
4427 obliqua Haw.

4428 maculta H. K.
4429 nigricans Haw.
4430 glabra Haw.
44.31 carinta W.
4432 lingua W.
44.33 angulta Haw.
4434 acinaciflia Haw,
4435 brevifolia Haw.
4436 intermdia Haw.

4437 verrucsa W.
4438 nitens Haw.
*. L. gr.
warted
4441 acuminta Haw

2 tuberculta Haw
mr.n
Inn.n
jn.jl
is
3
2
1
1
3
8
6
5
6
mr.my
mr.my
mr.jn
jl
au.s
4450 vulgris H. K.
yellow-flower'd "... u_j m
4451 purpurscens Haw. purple
*u-Jim
soccotrine
* L. m
tree
* L. m
$4454 ferox H. K.
great-hedgeh. *-u-Ugr
$4455 supralae'vis H. K. uprig.-hedgeh. *- gr
12
12
12
12
6
5
my...au
jlo
fap
mr.n
ap.my
... "
4452 soccotrina Haw,

4453 arborescens H. K.
4397
4402
...
mr.n
mr.n
-
Jac. schoen t.35
Bot. mag. 1345
1725.
Sks.l
...
Sks.l
Bot. mag. 815
Sks.l
Sks.1
Sks.l
Sks.l
S. s.l.
Bradsucc.3.t-21
1700. S. s.1
1808. S. s.l
1731. Sk s.l.
Bot. mag. 1338
1731. Sks.l.
1795. C. s.l.
Bot mag. 1455

Bot. mag. 1332
1811. Sks.l
1818. Sks.l.
1810. Sks.l.
1818.
1818.
1820.
1818.
1818.
1817.
1818.
1816.
1817.
mid-hedgehog a la gr
tuberc.-hedgeh.y: uv gr
dwarf-hedgeh. Y. urugr
4444 can'dicans Haw.
marbled-white a la gr
4445 virens Haw.
apple-green
u\] gr
4446 dichtoma W.
smooth-stem'd ri. D. gr.
$4447 pseudo-africana Sal narrow-tongue x unj gr
.
Principis Haw.
the Prince's
y.
gr.
4449 echinta Salm.
great tuberc. n.
gr
4443 h(imilis W.
1.jl
LAJ gr
shining
M. Lal gr
4439 subcarinta Salm, obscure-keeled to laugr
4440 turgida Haw.
turgid-cushion to uv gr
G
G
1 Jn.au
. ...
...
1.jn.jl
...
jn.jl
1
1 jl.au
...
"
+jn
shining
* L. gr. 1 jl
bristle-edged n-L-I gr
n
broad-marbled *. D. gr. 1: jn.au
narr-marbled *-C gr 3 jl.au
dark-tongue
y Laugr
smooth-keeled to LA gr
jn.jl
rough-keeled if um gr
jn.jl
acute-tongue if u\] gr
Inr.n
inr. n
retuse-tongue to
gr
longsword-lvd. n.
gr
sht-lvd.-tonguez LA gr
jlau
middle-tongue if u/\l gr
Inn.n
Bot. mag. 1361

Bot mag. 756
1805. Sks.l
1739.
1801.
...
" ...
1820.
"
1752. Sks.l
1727. Ls s.l.
1790. Sks.l.
au
13 jnji
*-L-J gr
G
G
G
G
#lijn.jl
gr
n. L-J gr
n-L-J gr
*-u_j gr
*-u_j gr
n- u_j &r
* L-J gr
*-u_j gr
*-u_j gr
*-u- gr
*- L-J gr
G
G
G
1 aus
gr
short-twisted *- L. gr.
little-twisted
1 my
1 au
11 au
1 myau
imy.s
1 my...au
1 my.s
1 au
11 my.jn
ap.my
jn
Class VI.
Pl. grasses, 57
Bot.mag. 1360
Sks.l
Sks.l
Sks.l
Sks.l
Sks.l
Sks.l
Sks.l
Sks.l
Sk sil
Sks.l.
Bot. mag. 2304
1818. Sks.l
1759. Ls s.l.
Bot. mag. eno
1759. C. s.l.
1790. Ls s.l.
Bot mag. 765

Bot mag.838
1796. Sks.l
1731. Ls s.l.
...
1791.
1819. Sks.l.
G.
G.
G.
Or
G.
P.Gr C. G.
Bot mag. 1831
La s.l
Sks.l
Bot mag. 2369
1809. Sks.l
1790, Sks.l
1731. Sks.l.
Bot. mag 837
1818. Sks.l
1818. Sks.l
1818. Sks.l
Or
Or
Or
C. G. H. 1795. Sks.]
C. G. H. 1796. Sks.l
C. G. H. 1731. Sks.l
C. G. H.
1796. Sks.l
C. G. H.
1790. Sks.l.
C. G. H.
1780.
Or
Y
C. G. H. 1731. Sks.
C. G. H. 1821. Sks.l
Bot.mag. 757
Plant grass. 39
Bot. mag. 1355
Ls s.l
...
C. G. H.
1821. Sks.l
Y
Pu
R
R
Y
Or
Levant
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
1596.
1789.
1731.
1731.
1759.
1731.
Sks.l
C. s.l.
C s.l.
C s.l.
C. s.l.
S. s.1
Bot mag. 132
Plant grass 27
Bot. mag. 1474
Bot mag. 472
Bot. mag. 1306
Bot. mag. 1975
Com-prae.71. t.20
'\
many genera, but their opinion has not been adopted by men of science. The species consist of odd looking
succulents; some of them may be classed as trees, others as shrubs, but the greater number have more the
habit and appearance of evergreen herbaceous plants one or two species are used in medicine or the arts.
A. vulgaris purpurascens, soccotrina, and arborescens, which some consider as not specifically different
ORDER I.
--- - - - -
flEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
263
4397 Leaves very green, Spines marginal herbaceous, Tubercles numerous

4398 Leaves expanded lanceolate flat above, with the edges cartilaginous thick ciliated
4:99 Leaves erect recurved subulate all over rough, Tubercles very minute numerous and pearly
4400 Leaves erect recurved subulate, Tubercles above large pearly below very minute
4401 Leaves spreading ovate acuminate with very numerous small warts
4402 Leaves long oblong acuminate with middle-sized pearly warts in rows
4403 Dichotomous, Leaves long ovate acuminate with great pearly warts, Capsules wrinkled across
4404 Stemless, Lvs. ovate acum. cuspidate upw, 3-cor, keeled, Edges and keeled cren. with coarse pearly warts
4405 Leaves rigid spirally 5-farious ovate acuminate sparingly warted with dark-green tubercles
4406 Leaves spirally trifarious recurved at end covered all over with minute dark-green warts
4407 Lvs. multifarious cordate very hard deep-green twice keeled, with dark-green raised warts on under side
2. Flowers small. Cor. regular.
4408 Leaves very spiral 5-farious ovate acum, smooth dark-green with some obscure spots beneath
4409 Leaves very spiral 5-farious lanc. acumin, smooth pale-green with some obscure spots beneath
4410 Leaves 5-farious and spiral smooth green obsoletely spotted beneath
4411 Erect rounded, Cor rugose, Leaves multifarious erect polished not spotted
44.12 Leaves multifarious very short and close together orbic. ovate horizontal polished bright-green
4413 Stemless dichotomous, Leaves dark-green erect ovate obl. acum. mucronate
4414 Leaves upright straight the old ones incurved ovate-obl. abruptly acuminate with small warts
44.15 Soboliferous, Leaves spreading ovate acute with large warts
.4415 Leaves erect lanc. acuminate above flat and smooth barred with large warts beneath
44.17 Leaves semi-cylindrical 3-cornered thickened upwards very rough except at base 4418 Leaves attenuated erect with large white warts depressed in the centre
4419 Stem twisted, Leaves trifarious spiral imbricated spreading ovate acute smooth
4420 Leaves nearly trifarious densely imbricated spreading with an obtuse recurved point
4421 Leaves very rigid cordate stem-clasping thick dark-green above keeled and rough, Edge rough
44.22 Leaves rigid rounded cordate closely inflexed dark-green edged a little rough above
4423 Leaves spirally trifarious blackish-green equilaterally triangular very rough
4424 Leaves close spirally trifarious blackish quite smooth outside, Stem much branched
$ 3. Flowers curved. (GAstERIA. Haw.)
4.425. Differs from A. acinacifolia
in having blunter points to the leaves
4426 Leaves lorate lanceolate with a long bristly point keeled above at the edge fringed with memb, bristles
4427 Leaves spirally multifarious mottled narrow linguiform obtuse with a point
4428 Leaves tongue-shaped smooth pointed, Flowers racemose cernuous curved
4429 Differs from A. lingua only in having broader and shorter leaves
4430 Smooth, Lvs. multifarious acuminate spotted deeply keeled beneath with a cartilaginous edge and keel
4431 Stemless, Leaves acinaciform papillose
4432 Leaves distichous tongue-shaped acute spotted serrated with tubercles at edge
4433 Leaves distichous tongue-shaped retuse with a point obscurely spotted curved to one side
4434 Stemless, Leaves distichous acinaciform with cartilaginous prickly edges
4435 Leaves exactly distichous parabolically tongue-shaped short obtuse with edges smooth upwards
36 Leaves bifarious ensiform bright-green
4437 Leaves ensiform acute papillose distichous
4438 Leaves spiral multifarious shining decply keeled at the sides obscurely spotted, Edges cartilaginous
4439 Lvs. bright-green multifarious spreading with whitewarts obtuse with a point, idge densely cartilaginous
4440 Leaves oblong acute entire above towards the end swollen pellucid with darker markings
4. Flowers large. (Aloe.)
* Stemless.
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
Leaves acuminate glaucous above flat smooth sparingly prickly beneath very rough
Leaves acuminate above a little hollow very prickly all over
Stemless, Leaves spiny ascending 3-cornered subulate
Leaves distichous ensate lean smooth beneath white with warts running together
Leaves oblong lanceolate green sparingly spotted, Edges with a few distant green spines
Stem dichotomous, Leaves ensiform serrated, Stamens longer than cor.
Stem shrubby simple, Lvs. revol. recurved narrow ensiform glauc. Warts prickly scatt over both sides
4448 Leaves very green erect recurved, marginal and dorsal spines at the end red
4449 Leaves oblong lanceolate spiny toothed beneath white with warts, Petals unequal
** Mith a stem.
4450
4451
4452
4453.
4454
4455
Leaves spreading ascending spiny at edge, Pedunc. branched, Branches with a double bract
Leaves ensiform glaucous recurved at end, Marginal serratures white
Leaves oblong ensiform somewhat spotted, Edges cernuous white with straightspines
Leaves stem-clasping reflexed spiny at edge
Leaves ovate ensiform glaucous deflexed covered over especially beneath with scattered spines
Leaves oblong ensiform glaucous incurved above smooth beneath covered with scattered brickly warts
4441

are cultivated in Barbadoes and other West India islands, to obtain the hepatic aloes, which are brought to
England and used chiefly for horses. The aloes known by the name of Succotrine, is made chiefly from the
species of that name, and A. spicata; being originally manufactured in the island of Zocotra or Socotora, in
the straits of Babelmandel it retains the name: this drug is lighter colored, and not so coarse as the horse or
S 4
i VI.
2C4
1790. s.1.1 Hot. mag. 132
tt.*- ;I
grgr 4 au. R C. G.G. H.
1737.
4451) flaviiplna Haw. yellow-spined
Bot. mag. 134o
great-soap
1I
Sks.1
1795.
C.C. G.G. H.
H.
44.77
(Acta
H.
A'.
S
6
jl.au
broad-lvd.-soaptt.
t1
gr
M. -1 Bot mag. l*ov
1727.
H.
4458
atiolia
.
R
4
jl.au
common-soap
1
!
gr
.1
1789.
4459
saponria
Haw.
C.
G.
H.
R
7
jl.au
s.l Bot. mag. 127
1738.
446U crrulU
. saw-leaved
common-mitre .tt. 1I
II 8rgr fi au RR C.C. G.G H.
1800. Sks.1
mitrfrmisH Dec.
R
great-mitre - 1 I 1 56 au
SkLa >.ls.1 Bot. mag 13
1732.
4462
nbilis
Haw.
C.
G.
H.
R
au
-lJII'
4463
distans
Haw.
G. H
H. 1796.
grass. 81
72 jn.au
... RS C.CG.
white-spined
IZ
g[
Lei.1.1 Plant
1731.
44H
albieplna
flaw.
Bot. mag 13short-leaved
1731.
C.
G.
R
4465
distans
H.
K.
6
au
f
iza
sr
flat-leaveil
S
1
1789.
446ti dMiM H. X. lesser-hedgch n-i_Jgr 5 mr.jn S C. G. R 1795. Sks.l Jacq.fragm.t.62
447 wnrirr'f*"
suberi>ct:i
H-L_lgr 5 ... 8 C. G. R
4468
Jcf. streaked
Sk
lire
4. sYrirt/ Haw.
Sk s.p
s.1 Bot. mag 1273
54 ja.8... S1! .C. G.G. HH. 1789.
-gr
lined
1731.
4469
Jgr
glaucous
I
\V
Sks.p
1795.
4470 lineta
glauca H.H. ..
C.
G.
H.
1!
.. LZ]
m 4 i lt CG. R 1731. Sk&k s.1s.1 Bol mag -,.
4471 africana
spicta W.H. Al spike-flowered
>!7
African
54472
G. R 1819.
RR C.Africa
Bot. mag. g
rtdirow-/eai>ii
l_J
I I gfgr 878 fc.
Sk *s.1 Bot.
1723.
angatifolia
jn
jl
i
:
fan
l_J
gr
. Sk a.1
$4473
. G. R 1721>
4 mr.e
447+ plictil
varient W.1.Sabn. partridg.-breastac.Mauritius
g. R uta.
Cominelin's H-- 11ZD1I grgrgr
Sk s.1
4475
Commelni
181/.
(I
lean
....
1812.
4476
.Haw. white-edged H-i_Jgr
. G. R 1818. Sk
SkSk s.1- 1
4477 rncra
albocincta
.. ii I1 gr
4478 chinnsis
serra Dec.*. saw-leaved
1821.
y(1 China
Sk
uts.1
Chinese
4479
E
Indies
1818.
.|_|8
Sk
4480 rufocincta Haw. rosy-edged
R 1818.
11 C.G.
Bot. mag. 2272
Sks.1
4-181 c'eia
M. caesious
C.G.R
1819.
l>k
4482
inicracan'tha
small-spined. ^. 1!
|_J Sgr A
jn l) C.G.R 1817. Sks.1
4483xanthact'ntha Salm. yellow-spinetl . i1 gr 3 Liliacett
Sp. Levant
20-24.
OO r.m
T771.
LI'LIUM.
W.
Lilt
r.m Bot.
Bou mag.
mag. 278I-**
oror S2 jnjl.aujl \vW China
4484
cndidum
W.
white
O r.m
Bot.
reg.
4485 japnicum W. Japan
i iAl or 2 mv.jn W China 180*.
1820.
r.m
Bot.
reg. 56
58
4486 longiflorum Thunb. Ion
or 2 jl.au N. Amer. 1819.
4487 carolininurn
Pah.
autumtuilc
Lodd.
4488-lltimi
bulMfcrum W. orange orange Jf oror
4489 daricum Ker. umbei-fi.
Daurian
5 or
pensyluniciivi
. M. self-colored
4490
con'color
H.
.
4491 philartclphicum
Catesb'i W. W. Catesby's
4492
Philadelphian
Louisiana red
andinum Ker.
Canadian
4493 canadise
W.
red-owered
rbrum
superb
4494
suprbum
Turk's
Cap
4495
Martagn
W.
yellow
4196
erecum
*rnA.
4497
/n.
snowy
w i 'or
Bpectbile Link. W. showy
4498
chalcedmcum
Scar.Martagn
4199
pyrenaicum
YV.
en.
Pyrcnean
5tf oror
4
pompnium W. Scar.-Pompone
45(11
4502 inonadlphumaV.
tigrinum H. K. monadelphous
tiger-spotU'd 5 oror
History, Ute, Propagation, Culture,

jjerahle part of whit
cultivated
extensively
at theAllCape
of Good Hope,
and
J^jf^g
soil-,
aloes. A.from
spicata
ia ora
isis from
that
quarter.
the
medicinal
aloes
are p*
on jU:ce'poorest
expressed
ishej>atic
sold
Becoming
Socotora
ltom
ttiat
quarier.
*1>
a,y"
"~
_nr
tne
*j;
In preparing the' todrug,
the
leave,
are
cut
off
close
to
the
stem,
then
cut
mi
P>>
'mat
er
is
deposited,
remain at rest for fortv-eight hours, during which tunc a ftv ^ M thc Cape.
after
which
the
suiK-rnatam
liquor
is
poured
oft*
into
flat
dishes
and
ev:^',ratt4Vl'
mUnsuissated
by
r
the
month of July, the leaves are pulled, then cut iuto pieces, the juice expressed,j anu The leaves are cot
ieaL
cat oft*
The
month
of March
is the period
forin cutting
the alothat
in the
island
of Barbadoes.
J cientconsUnt
quantity
close
to
the
stem,
and
disposed
in
tubs,
such
a
manner
the
juice
runs
out
A""
ana
Hregular
collected,
is cxnow.1
tooneheat
in tocopper
boilers;
and juice
as it l>ecomcsuntil
m0,re/"sp
tire,acquires
it isit ladled
boiler
another,
1thatana
i ^'
' which
by agei* cal11
the teache,
the from
consisteuce
of honey;
whenanditfresh
is poured added,
into calabashes,
Lili1
Oioti ,
56Suckmfpomthcroct,
Lvs. obl.toothed
aciim. mottled
glauc. spread,
cover, at aide and backwith very broad brown spmea
*l
Caulescent,
A-omifr.rra
spreading
ijt Laivaovatelane
pale-green
with glaucous
obl. obsolete
whitish
barred stwts. Spines rufmis
t*A
Learn
obi.
lane.
Hull
green
rather
with
obi.
4) I - potceit. Edites and keel serrulate at end large transverse spots and rufous spines
learn erect
thick broadly
i|iiny atedge
below
spinulosc
approvednumerous
not dotted.
in umbels
Leava
ovate
acute.ovate
Spines
marginal
whiteRacemes
**j*tra
erect spreading
remote
acute,
Spines
margSpines
few long
Urge
yellowwhite
4M
Leave
ovate
acum.
green.
Edge
and
keel
very
spiny.
very
fro
.'J-cornercd
at end.
with numerous white spine*
twj Leave*cespitse
)istingui*hed fromveryA.hrt
ierraglaucous
by the spines
not being
unitedAngles
at base
Leaves
acuminate
above
flat
smooth
beneath
waited
** gUucousstreaked. Edge* obeoletely toothletted,
lined. Spines
4U Late*green
Leaves very glaucous.
Spinesredred
71
Un
lorate
eiwiform
downwardsmooth
spottedhard,
with Spines
white,marginal
Marginaland
spines
middle-sized
**, Wave broad ensiform recurved
dorsal
red at endred
ig
!*"etonpuejhaped
smooth
distichous,
Flowers
racemose pendulous cylindrical
.*
tnUnou.
punted
channelled.
Angles
cartilaginous
... 1-e.T
lAWHovitte
oblong
attenuatespreading
glaucous,
The edge and keel upwards with white spine*
TT J'Uw-oujnuiahed,
J., " - LeavesLeaves
lorateoblong
ensiform
channelled
spreading
greenentire
serrulate
acumin
ite
with
a
deepScape
white
wei !14DBIta "100*
tufted with thercenspines
oftheerect-spreading
edge united atsoft
hase,
toothedcartilaginous edge
slra'8tlt
i* luratc laiiLtMl ite acuminate green, Edge red with
Leaves long-lanceolater<wnr<*< -* ' -
mthrubtty,
IM nan ~J
zz t: Sr-"- -
1*leaves wh
-5*ifr"'-miiM-i
more lîTî W'"

-> iigmries wlutcncs. 1
.1.. tau
comidera!
1 bu
na Mjn
Class VI.
HEXANURIA MONOGYNIA.
266
p.
9It
LUiacetE. ; England ch. pit s.l Eng. bot 63
t772.
wild Tulip. } 21 arxmy
45tHTU'LIPA.
sylvestris
IV.W.
StY Italy"" 186- s.1s.1 Sw.fl.gsT.t.186
nar.-waved-lvd.
tftf oror 1 ap.my
450"
turcica
Iloth.
Bot reg.20t
ap
Agen
4506
culus
slis
L.
mag.
1135
r.mra Bot.
StR.B
ot 2 j ap.my
4507
GeMierina W.W. common
Bot
mag.
839
Levant
Europe 1577.
1.
mr.ap
R.v
Van
Tho)
tf
or
4506 suavolens
Bot
mag.
163d r.m
Clusius'a
tf or 1I', jnin 'I YW.pu Sicily
4\509
clusina
.
M.
Bot mag. 717
Levant 1816. r.m
Cels's
tf
or
4510
celsiSna
P.
S.
Bot
rcg.
127
r.m
2
my
St
Levant
horned
4511 conita . L.
two-flowered tftf oror ap Y Russia 1806. r.m Bot reg. 535
4512 biflora L.
Lilicea;. Sp Persia
1219, 1596.
1773. FRITILLA'RIA. W.Crown
Fritillary
Imper. . ror 44 mr.ap
4513 lmperilis
W.
194
Bot mag.
1595.
mr.ap
R
Persia
red-flousered
rbra
mag. lSla
1596. Bot
41J ap.my
mr.ap YBr Persia
wlloiv-flowered
tf
or
flava
Bot
mag.
37
1596.
Persia
Persian
tf or
4514 prsica
Bot mag, 9ffi
Br Caucasus
Persia 156.
tftf oror 1 ap.my
minima W.Swert dwarf-Persian
ap Br.p
... Bot mag. 857
oblique-leaved
4515
obliqua
. Bieb.
M.
11 my
Br.P
Crimea
1822.
tulip-leaved
tf
or
4516
tulipiflia
a
Pu Crimea 1823.
whorled
tf or I'mvjn
4517 verticillta W. cluster-flowered
Bot
tftf
oror I my D.P
4518
pyrenica
H. . Pyrenean
Bot mag.
mag. 952
Stil
Y.Pu Pvrenees 1605.
J.5!W. Bot.
4519
nigra
.
M.
mag.
l
my
U
P
Caucasus
1*26.
4520 nervosa W. en. nerved-leaveil
tf
Bot
mag.
1
ap.my
Y
Caucasus
1812
tftf \__!
yellow-flower,
4521
ltea
Bicb.W.
853
H Caucasus i Bot mag.
oror 11 ap.my
broad-leaved
4522
latiflia
bot 623
mr ray Pu Britain moi p. Eng.
chequered
tf
or
4523
Melegris
W.
LiiL tr. 10. 1. 11
Kamschatl759.
spear-leaved or J my
4524 lanccota
Ph
Liiium kamcfiatsrnsc
\V.
jbpM*.
^
,^
,640.
P.l
Black,
t
*774.
DRACENA.
W.
Draron-Tkee
common
t or
4452.25 ensiflia
I)rco (
W
1800. p.l
word-leaved or
4507
History, Use, Pro}Mgaton, Culture,
emblem
of
whiteness.
This
is
a
splendid
genus,
all the epecice
of which
are soil
considered
beauty. The more common sorts,* species,
and varieties,
willill thriv
thrive
u> any
unm
> , and . require
mponian.and
Philadetphian
martagons
are and
eoincwh.it
^
shade
of
trees.
The
Canadian,
Pomnor
A
in
winter.
They
are
generally
planted
mniches
bffdfjrv
October
tlie
protection
of
ashes
or
rotten
baric
L
r
fn,.r
o...r,
it,
SMrf.'mliPt.
ami
renhinted
si*
deep
in t"hc
tntcakening
taken
up
oftener
than
every
three
or
four
years
in
September,
and
replanted
:
following.
of thetheir
speciesflowering
can be for
saiclyseveral
transplanted
after remark,
they have pui v.... "*;--; iants ulbous
them
as None
to prevent
This
well
rootsjdsoplants.
Mr. Griffin,
of South Lambeth,
whoseyears.
superior
skill in the indeed,
cultivation or isig wei
known
[Hort.
Trans,
iv.
544.),
has
been
in
the
practice
of
keeping
the
lilium
japomcum
-oomcum
in^Jî,
in
greenhouse
or garden
framean; inch
but be
thinks surface
thev thrive
liestmould,
in the which
former.is composed
He places the "U" * 1 ' ZA
peat
sized
i>ots, not
lower
of the
and
one-third
loam, than
the bottom
offrom
the the
pot being covered
to the depth
of two inchesof. wmm
itn i> whenof
tile and the rough sittings of' j*at
The
plants
are
kept
entirely
from
frost,
and
are
watered
hollse
gn
then very impatient of wet in excess. The
1 he \*ns
Kepi
^
^ "
in a dormant state, for they1 are
potsTrans,
keptiv.min
Vrnwars
to be
flue
to
prevent
the
mould
drying
quickly.
{Hort.
H
placed
at
a
distance
from
the
"
he can
coveraswith
pleasure;
but inbetheea>sopen gruu
without
grows
in a brick-pit,to endure
which our
winters,
I havematshador aglasses
bed ofatthem
two years
sufficiently
protection."hardy
{Hort. Trans, iv.....552.)
_ inT.Persian
it is called
**g&
/72. Tulipa.
Linnaeus
classed IvInthisoldamong
barbaron
whence
French
it isl>oen
called
tulipn.
,,
uivatore
undoubtedly
itsoforigin.
1 called
florists- f._flowers,
having
a prime
object
ofGesneriana
attention
with
tins
i ofCOsM*
''5- ^ 4,antinople
may
be
the
king
florists'
..
.
ing
I
ht
to
Europe
from
Persia
by
way
v
for
nearly
three
centuries.
It
appears
b
ject
of
considerable
trade
in
the
Netherlands,
and
been
brougl
ina sort
1559,ofandmania
In a among
centurytheafterwards
to ti
Meet
of coi\7iderable
trade ^
H
Id bulbs
bulbs
at' prices amounting
to j00/. "^11
grower*
Id
i
upwards ; in those days an immense sum. The taste for' tulifts
tulips inin England was at its grcaiesi . 9
e
the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth
It afterwards ,U4 'Itivatcd in
'iteenth
century.
way to a taste
for
rareplants
from
foreign
countries.
The
tulip,
both 1in
Hollan.l,
fromR,ri,Pns
whieh'ali'
FnM";V
,.^
"T.1*?Vbc
tu,'P.
however,
is stillextent
ext.,
- both
tradesmen's
i
t
n
!
also
to
*******
in
England,
"
than that Of1 hBsL V.SS ie' bewwr, like the auricula, pink, &c more the poof
the
varieties
of th t l ootanistl "'umrraiBi
or country gentleman
I in, ; '*<wy-tw
blowiat
, 'four(lie
pmemU
or mMt
VSf.
S SPP,. '"LtSiS:
,,,
,in'<-, rt.
i 3tuli
S3 boiOK
only >ru
rJued
. l'W*Y^,*Mjfnl,*"'
l"r , JJ ??mver
,re *"""
: - well broken Ith
^
"^Brt
""i by the
cui-Dutch
'' ^ umlerbottoms
55 2
W"''-*1Sm'
SSrSbjbrSS
""<
"*~*,
red
tee)
;
not
4"'
from Um a brmier ' g - u|, with white bottoms, well broken with line
n ! i.
267
-limMh/noêr'
Slaucou,, St and flower .mooth
^jj|iwwe Verport; perfecte*'

cupe,-^'*~''Wa,*<'c'w
cherryand
Particulars.
and white
broken with4614shining
" 4519 rose,
13^
11 bottoms,
4514well
"tft^
0
difcBMtaVL1* owen, the fiamamU of the French florisU, with bottoms white, or nearly so, from
marre, . odd, irregular] ; ground yellow, from different breeders, and broken with variety of
*^*11?*!5
tnm
consistbroken
of oneplain
color onanda white
oryellow
bottom.
ft*V||fCS^J.
0,1 * *5thcyDrocurru
wdbreak,
rathervaries
joor*'>
toil,and
become
or variegated,
produce
newthisvarieties.
tneUkariarrpH'* *,,l,c
from
one
tovarieties
twentyofvean
or from
more,seed,
and must
sometimes
change
^Mûi
*hoCTer
thinks
of
nising
new
tulips
be
possessed
of anis
*IssMb t Perseverance, The early dwarf tulip, known among florists as the Van Tholl,
".Biij,
tulips?
5
"*eolens.
'
*bjtsstl Instead^
iS^fVî
tne
flori,t pursue
aa mode
some respects
respects the
the reverse
reverse ofof that
thatpractised
practised
with
2J""s.
"~.,,
mode
ininthesome
withis
moll,
>8*WlWttiWriVi,
*stbfers.
8 ;,Uch
*of ced
seed pursue
toas behim'sown
from
(Vom
finestwith
variegated
tulips, they
ihcyeut,
prefervan
unbroken
SF**iBhi!2ir,.8
tht-*
13,1
rtrong
tems,
large
well-formed
clear
in tl e
5,
1,
w
ai
havc
tall
strong
stems,
with
large
well-formed
cuiw.
rlr-r
saved from ,ho

the liner
alicatad sorts,
. form
*- poor weak breeders ol no value.
alosra nrifi J"i seedsod,ttved
M"
t^lWlhbtth
,hm,v
^ve'1!
<1
protected
and
shaded
by frame.
thefourth
end ofyear,
the
thinly
covered,three
andvariegated
^^VbumfobTJ?
11,1UP (1
rt'l>biited
apart
;seventh
and
again
endnow
ofAtthefurnished
planted
Ininches
,*<*IWi^rf,w.k'r,mo,Unefiftn'antl'*ol
them
the
year.at orthe
Being
*wdobstrVJ SrJ?
canlhedo
do flith'
isu toto take
and replant
replant
till they
they break
break
shewnow
vari.-tr.it
- wwith
EftiSa"1
an,i 1111up
01aml
"ie seventh
year.
Being
furnishedwhich,
ith
.^rr^wjsmrt,
can
takc
UP
till
or
shew
variegation,
-.^""ebrrakin^
V, mLin<)ngthisth..;jotnS
5!" 1thi8
?Mttnere
two>
ad-, danger
ome
long period,
or never.of the
Someflower.
vary the
^^Wsetebres'k^r,
yeat
or two,
and
some
notof for
a lung
"**VfeNtM
choie.
tr
'*
oftvn
weakening
the
st
damier
r,;,in,?*n
airv feet
"tU'diim,
*4>.^nmonk
In tLwin Til
ine f0TO
of beds four
broad,drvo atanvbottom,
m -is made choice
. * Im ?5 "-L're
are
iiid excavations
aonhalf
..ml
thisortwothree
or
,a
apart,
and
covered
four
..inters,
by mats
or by
hardy,
and protection
almost the only
protection
lib* should h*
Class VI.
268
4577
umbracullfera
W.
BoL
cab. 289
umlx?.-flowered
Mauritius
1738.
p.1
or
10
...
W
L 96
4528crnua
K.
drooping
I oror 108 mr.ap
my \V
W China
Mauritius 1771.
... Pi Jac
Bot seh.
mag.1.
4529
frrea
H.
purple
{
4530
fragTane
H.
K.
swcct-scenied
Africa
17&
R
p.1
Bot
mag.
1081
6
f.my
W
fpor
4531 ovita M.
ovaLUke
*CJor S au.i Pk S. Leone ... R p.1 Bot mag. 1180
775.
PHYLLO'MA.
JUL
Phylloma.
Sp. L 1766. R p.l Bot mag. 1585
4532 aloiflruin M. aloe-like
or 10 ap Or Bourbon
776
ALETRIS.
W.
M
NU-.
Hemerocailide.
Sa. 23.
4533 area
farinosaPh.W.
Amer.
768. RR s.p
e.p Willi
Bot. mag.
1418
colic-root
1811.
4534
goiden-tippetl ii or l |jn
jl.au YW N.N. Amer.
' ho. ber.- 8
777.
TRITiVMA.
Tritoma.
HcmervcaHidea:
Sp.S.
4535
Uvria
H 1. . M. great
. H. 1707. R p.l Bot mag. 75S
au.i CG.
If _AJor
4536
mdia
leaser
1789. R p.1 Bot mag. "44
^Jor
jn.d
.
G.
4337 ptmila . A'.
least
* -AJor an . G. HH 1774. R p.l Bot mag. 764
778.
VELTHE'IMIA.
H.
.
Veltheim.
Htrmcrocallidt(t.
Sp
24.
488 viridiflia W.
green-leaved f ,AJor . K.w CG. H. 1768. Sk r m Bot mag. 501
4539 glauca W.
glaucous
lAJor ja.an F.o G. R 1781. Sk r.m Bot mag. 1041
779. SANSEVIE'RA. W. Sanskvtera.
Sp. 1211 Ska.1
4540 glauca Haw.
;.-glaucous f fA]
] cu 2 HeinCTwallidete.
Wo
w-leaved
1818. Ska.1
uprightglauc.
22 cu
cu 32
Sk ..] mag.
We
4543 guinensis
W,Haw. Guinea
ZS
cu
e.p
1690. Sk
2
jn.n
Guinea
f-vlrens
light-green
[)
cu
Sk
,p
2
Wo
*'4i
fulvocin'cta
Haw.
fulvous-edged
cu
Sk
1818.
Braail
1
4"i4fi spicta Haw.
ic 3 t SB
spiked
)f J23
cu
Sk ap
e.p Car.
w!ii Ceylon
Indie. 1731.
2
4547
xeylnica
W.
Bot
reg.11.Iit
Ceylon
2X1
cu
Sk
.p
2 jn.n W.G E. Indie.
4548 lanuginosa IV. woolly
Rheed.
]f
C3cu
Skip
!
4549 pinila
grandict'ispis
large-pointed CS) 3 ... w"r.
Skip
4550
Haw. Haw. dwarf
... W.G C.China

G. H. !
4551 cimea
H. .. M. fiesh-colored
* I_ or 1 Jtnr.jn
179!. LP Bot rep. 3fJ
t
Mcssiiiflra
780._TU,BA'GHIA.
W. TtauiOttU.
.
Bot. mag. 8t>i
Ml cep&cea
.lilicea W.
Narcissus-lvd. tfg lAlor

1774. r.ra
mjT Br lar.
.. G.
ft -S.
4553
onion-scented
,1 1 if
g. a
179& r.m
781.
YUCCA.
if.
'
Needle.
Lilicea!.
Sp.
12.
Bot mag. l?ffl
4554
gloriosa H'.H'.
superb
W.gr America 1596.
4555
aloiflla
Aloe-leaved 4ft4ft4ft \ ] oror
lftSn. sIt r.lr.lr.l Bot. mag. I71W
1 jl.au
au.8 W.gr S. Amer. 1817.
4556
tenuiflin
Blender-leaved
or
W.gr
Malta
4557
dracnis Haw.
W.
drooping-lvd. 4ft i J or 8 au.e W.gr S. Amor. 1732. R r.l DL atUHMtf
4>58
hollow.leaved 4ft4 oror 1{ au W.gr
INK R r.l
4559 concva
obliqua
.
oblique-leaved
1808.
4
W.gr
mjor
large
1.4. RRR r.lr.lrJ
>
Q
or
W.gr
4560
flaccida .
* L_Joror 2 ... W.gr
Wgr Carolina 18I
4M serrulate
Haw. flaccid
R r.l Par. lond 51
1808.
10
...
4562
recurva
.. recurve-lvd.
3 au
W.gr
Georgia 1794. RR r.lr.l Bot
4563
euprba
Haw.
rep. 47 !
8U[4Tb
or
in
au
W.gr
4564
W.gr N. Amer. 1819. R r.l Sw. 1 ganlii
or
4565 Ktaiic^scens
filamentosa Haw.
W. glaucous
thready
or 22 jLau
B.o W.gr Virginia 1H75. S r.l Bot mag. i*w
4543
4530
4538
t-32/A
Hitlorp,
Culture,
."
.".?;,!'h'Crh
'."
!5"
morc
tha"
"rVut
>"Propagation,
'"Che.
length the
; thewhole
innerlength
part ;very
Pi,,h!,','c,;;
or rina, ,n ,1,
,M> i"6 ,heei8hl
"'10
; the
amewhole
diameter
circular
mirti
com" ,? M tinX a'rid
" thC 1C*VC* "
K T',C WP ,uKjun* 0 'arf<! h
flint'?'..^1?' ' leaf' "- n edge, in reference to thebroad red edge of the Icare.. Th
sS
" '" r'",g0 '" e""'crs'
theduat
lamewith
culture.
covered!
SmB
allusion '1
to therequire,
,>wderv
which the whole plant appear, .to hu.
777 7Vri American plant, which miv be cultivated with a little attention in rich loaf moule'
-..,species
to cut,_in
the three
leave,. (v. g, ffg^gt ' and The
of thisalluaion
genus tothrive
best fharp
in peat soil,Jfâ
but will do
do ver;
' hardv
enough
toThere
endurebeing
our also
mildest
winters
in thecalled
tjm "
|
rroiewor
Link
call,
,^
,=
'
severe
frost*.
a
genus
of
insects
ink
caUs
this
genus
Msm
v ,ROnue ^"niantha
is 778
known.Vetthcim,
This av,u,lVr''"""^
de Veltheim was a German botanical amateur, of whom nothingjnw,
^ the la*t, and is of easy culture in any light loamy soil; and readily it
in ]
*
--
Okdik 1.
HKXANDRU MONOGVNIA.
*S7
lanceolate
narrowed
each
Corymbduwu
verydivaricating
hrt terminal
*45" Lcavn
LeamUne
obliquely
bent,
Paniclewar,hanging
; / - bnceolate
lanceolate lax,
acuteFlowers
discolored
Lars
very
fragrant
153] Headofflowen sessile in the centre
ov leave*
centre ofthe
of the ovate
iMS Letratooth-spiny, Raceme* axillary
*M3FkFwm stalked oblong tuhular, Cor. in fruit smooth mealy. Loaves brood lanceolate mueronatC
Hovers sub-sess.lc campanulate, Cor. in fruit rugose very rough, Leave* lane ensiform acute
'" very i
cylindrical
. mir ai end, Limb spreading
u? Uat
**Tt**11
Treadinglinedflaccid
broadlynotlanceol.
*
beneath convex
channelled
barredenfi iform glaucoua obscurely baired
^bout litsub-erect rigid brittle broad lanceolate ensiform glaucous obscurely barred
i " uniform.
Stylelane,
twiceensiform
as lung |le-grvcn
a* stamens,with
Bract
tbneeanvanban
short an tube of cur. Flow, scasile
SK"*'l'bwt
three Oiccid
scarcely
Une.
reviilute
recurved
dullrigiderven
slightly
edged
with
fulvous
S
!
eleven
nearlv
erect
brittle
lane,
ensif.
with
verv
nbscurr
bars ofI
W UWesmooth oblong acute flat and lin. lanceolate channelled. Style the length
uarei
*nh woolly
nerveslane,
lower
rest lin.with
I'edunc.
-t vetabnut
IS tuli-ercct
ensifob'ong
much; barred
a smallwithout
brirtlcbractcas
at end fstafiieni
S1 Le
i **Tut
ensif. keeled,
much barred,
4-'i strong
duuchoui'Pôing
lanceolatebnc.
ensiform
Flowerswith
solitary
sessilelines beneath
^Sectary l.leared S-toothed
J*L*rcsquite entire
SlHtw
''near,vcr>'JnirT0W
SI CTiMte
nodding ,tifr ctosoly rvcd back into a semicircle serrulate at edge
Lmt^fr^ neu"fed
roughobliquely
on bothIwntsidesglaucous.
dull glaucous
strong white marginal threads
lu law:Suckerswith
tuberous
S22Sl.,!T fltxid wm*1t recurved with very strong brownish threads
S ~*55 tiff green rough at edge
*e*baweimip
raucrnnatc,
Flowers
wry closemarginal
together thread*
camp, not opening eurved outwartb at end
SZ!?*6
glaucous
with fine
^ recurved*"
broadly
channelled
withwhite
very strong twisted
brown marginal threads
ra
-^ -
' ' *** Hit.
55 I '
' "W*. hich 7 "
""""Pn.ir,'"""11
7 Piee do not thrive
Clam VI.
HEXANDIUA MONOGYNIA.
270
Sk r.m
Wo
r.m Bot i
!)'
Carolina mis.
1SI7. Sk
W.a
Vj rufo-eineta Wiu. rufous-edged
1 1
Sk
1816.
Lyoni'i
W.u
4".(7
strcta
.Sim.
3
Sk r.lr.m BoL i
conspicuous
Missouri
181145fi8
conspicua
Snhn.
W.u
2
jl.au
SkB.l
1818.
469
- narrow-leaved
91 ... W.u
rough-edged
1817. Skil
4570 angustil'ha
crenulta Haw.
Wo
bowed
4571
arcuta
"
Uituxci.
Sp.
2.
I.
'!!
W. DoToamVioijr.
1596. .' ItoL m* 5
Pu
4572lhllmm
Den. cni. W. whUt-ftmxrtd
common
J oror Ji mr
mr W
,
H.. yellow-flowered or i ap.my Y N. Amer, lti. p-1 Bot. mag, 1113
6 Liace.
jl.au Or Sp. E23.Indies UBOL >.p BoL reg. 77
783.
GLORIOSA.
W. uperb
OMMOM.
T74
jl.au Senegal 175ti. O s.p
75 .unroa
simplex i.(.
blue-flowered
" 2 Melanthacete.
Sp. 1. 1029. . BoL p. 153
\
f.mr D.I'u Spain
784 BULBOCffDIUM. W.
Bu
5
or
apring-flower
4576 vrnum IV.
Mrtanthttcea:.
Sp.
P. 1710. Sk p.! Ex. bot. I. L4S
i
my.jn
Pa.Y
N.
Amer.
UvtlLARU.
IV.
785.
) jn.au
my.jn YY N.N. Amer.
Amer. 1710.
... Sk
Ex. boLcan.1. L41
t 50
perfoliate
4577UVULA
perfoliateRIA
IV.
Sk p.l
p.l
leep-yellow
4578
fiva
PA.
1 my.jn Y N. Amer. 14)2. Sk
p.l Corn.
Ex. boL L t 51
spear-leaved
4579
lanceolita
W.
i jn L.Y N. Amer. 1790. Sk p.l Ex. boL L L 52
large-yellow
4,580
1 in Pk China 18U1. Sk p.l BoL mag. 916
4581 gramiiflra
sessiliflla IV.H. K. sessile-leaved
4582 chinnsis B. M. Streptopcs.
3.
1 Smaccte.
my W Sp.N.Hungary
1752.
IL. BoL
Bei IiL 2591439
78.
R. .L. heart-leaved
4583
a
1806. Sk
Sk
A or 1} jn.jl
jn.jl Pk
Y.Gr N. Amer.
Amer. 1812.
Sk IL.
It. BoL mag.
mag. 149U
4584 amplcxinUius
rseus Ph.
rose-olored
Ph. Desf.
woolly [. Smilacc*. SpA.
787.
Eng. boL 1035
woods.
R
s.1
4586CONVALLA'RIA.
majlis IV.
common
i oror i, my.jn
W
Britain
my.jn F Britain gard.
stfin.
red-flowered
gard. RR a.1s.1
yflirt plena
Nimble
Bot. mag.
1155
788. SMILACI'NA. Des/uinbel-flower'd
gu
N Amer.
mag.
N.
Amer. 1778.
1778. R s.1si BoL
4587 umbellta Drtf. oval-leaved
BoL
mag.
510
4588
borclia
Desf.
R
sj
N.
Eur.
1596sib. low
1. 1.
least
45S9
bifolia Desf.
N. Amer. 1R12. RR s.1s.1 GmeL
mag
three-leaved
45!*
N. Amer.
Amer. 1640.
1633. R 4 BoL
star-flowered
BoL mag. 899
4591 triflia
stellta Desf.
Desf.
N.
cluster-ftower'd
4592POLYGON
raeemsa /.
Sp.Scotland
78. woods. R s.l Eng. boL 123
789
Desf. Solomo aJ Seal
4593
verticilltumA TUM.
Dctf.
N.
Amer.
4594 canaliculatiim
PA. whorl-leaved
channelled 4 A ororor
ly.jn
w
N.
Amer. 1812
1812. RR s.1s.l Willd.boLher.28045
454-',
pubearSjCI
PA.
pultescent
W.o England
moun. RR s.1s.1 Eng.
5Si oror my.jn
Eoe boLCT
454j
vulgre
Desf.
angular
mv
jn
W
BriLiin
woods.
4597
Desf. common
my.jn W Germany 1M. RR s.1s.1 Jac.aus.S.t.K
Hook. ex. fl- I-3
4MS9 multillrum
latilinm
Delf.
broad-leaved
or
ap
W
Nepal
1822
nppositirliuin Lotlcl. opposite.leaved % ,|
4570
4572
4573

little vernal
785, Erythronium.
From
.5(, from
md, intheallusion
to stheborder
color ofto thetjel"^
Iow" and to Howe_ autifnl
The |UE.
gardenv asting
bulbs,
th?
favorites
of
gardeners,
cottager
vented
amcricanum runs very much at the root, and will not flower unless conlmed ana P
vigour
in long subterraneous
.its' "^",,,
:, and the elegance
o> it Jja
anvn..
783.isGlorila.
Soaminamed
onsurculi.
accountwhich
of therequires
gloriouscons,,
colors
of careJi^'ri.a;f
.s alks
to make
.
aToe
splendid
curious
genus,
rable
and
freely.
late
John
Sweet,
of
Bristol,
has
given
the
to
lowmg
direct
ons
sUtc,,
the
pot
have
in thebeautumn,
root, like(to aa well.ripcned
.t taat ..st .
de i.
( fthe, fron
!
whichdecayed
it is, must
removedand
fromiertthetheImrk-bed
dry part ot thepothou.c
all
the
warmth
at
this
time
nevessarv
he'mg
merely
what
is
surhaern
in
V
h
the
]K.t,
it
necessarynfbeing
merely-_wh.t_
the rarth
UM|
ciainp ; nn.l to pmott the waterings
the hou*,
or othorJ^^Vi.^
moiriure, Utof
1g n Inover
its *"*
"
hemore
covered,
bv mvcrtuiR
upon
it another
]ml of are
thtwme
t-ize;
orthree
it larper,
tw
. J- ^
thcr down
in the"'sam
cffcrtiiallv
exclude
the
wet.
If
the
roots
.mall,
two
or
ma
oe
ia
m
i
thft
illed, the
be >pot, whilst in their dormant state ; bill if the
btW*j
mould'bein mould
which must
they Tf''S.rch,
the rool
he
access
of
air
to
them
:
the
ol
]>ot,
in
order
tu
oreveii
the .'^"IS
be
stimulate
them to move
toi curly.intoAbout
fresh
or sand uld
pots measuring
six inches n Tlie1<ul
must
beearth
rcnlatited,
or, mixed
two, according
toequal
Lhcir
of are to be covtix ^ _ tQW
compost
for
themnotis puover
fu.,ngrichonewith
with
an heavy.
quantity
should
be
goo.',
dung,
nor
too
The
root*
divide
.thj
and care must be taken not to break them, unless nature has shown where it is . _
, t0 ninct,
easily.
The ofpots,Fahrenheit's
when filled,scale.
must l>cWater
plunged
the bark-bed,
where ie
heat, '"
they gr<"
five degrees
is to into
be given
very iparmgly
at first
OMl Ii
lo m5S
11,
<3 Leststem-clasping
andstem
smooth serrulate ciliated. Anthers short
. . ,h<TTieu
. . ^
ISmoothshining.
Loves
stem-clasping
*5Domij
boary, Leave*sessile
cordate acuminate,
Pedicels in pun on a very
snort.
*6Scapenaked smooth, Leave* ovate
4W Leavesradicalelliptical.
Leavesovateoblong obtuseUmbel
ciliated,
Scape leafless, Umbel capitate
terminal
cordate,
rlowera
tetrandrous
W Leave* rtem-clasping in threes. Raceme terminal simple
tcm-clasping
elliptical acute,
terminal
BLeave* alternate
alternatesenile
ovate acuminate,
PanicleRaceme
terminal
nakedsimple
Leave
whorled Leaves alternate amplexicaul. oblong pubescent at edge, redime, axillary>**
*9*Slem furrowed,
Wotemwomled
LeavesPedunc
amplcxicaul
M Leaves altemalefurrowed.
stem-clasping,
axillaryovate1-.downy beneath, Feduna axill. about -.
4V
i
lteran,e
stem-clasping.
Stem
round,
Pedunc.
axillary
many-fl.
S2!e,ltenillte*tem-<'la4,inK
acuminate.
Stem
angular,
Pedunc.
axillary3-5-flowcred
many-fl.
wjround. Leaves opposite oblong
acuminate
shining.
Pedunc,
umbcll.
moxierate
giving
iLflowers
4,
tiicy
be MpportBd.
Under
treatment
as I
-""poo
it," aftf.f
it . il ~**|
- t;row- 1611
in tnemust
of~(Hurt.
a.b.j
season,
andiii. such
to2,in3.)have
Kn*n, thev
feel
dividing
thecourse
root*.
Trans,
Thenumerous
S^^^^
"nia assume those beautiful markings of yellow for which they arc so much
TPfc ,A bwwifunS'/ hulb* and *&, wool; its bulb is enveloped in a rough and velvetty
SB* Afrom
S
a .maH'tpecie,
eb5?3*
,11 , ' ^,w"fTW,n*
a bunch of (trapes.
A genusofofCol,
littlehicmn.
beauty and of easy culture,
* A WantMike m Uvuuli^'h ?' W* boUnical |88 ltalk- lu ""cr-stalks arc
J^taiSl
to1x411
the places
wheretheit florist
grows.; though,
(Muguet,as .)
*?.!?*it isnot.
*
r*V*he> green ya2*'
'h, 7 t",be thowhirh
] ha*
ofthe'""Valley
uf rite
Solomon."Notwithstanding
the fragrance
PBUvelS?
Pîwrod
from
th
7
liave
a
coticodour,
ainl
if
reduced
to
powder
excite
T^J^^ o'aloea. ;*:,utir"l
a iJ, .-?.wm
"r frm the colour
roots iwrtakes
of the bitterness,
wellwith
as ofsnceithe
a^fc^^verCIim
and durablegreen
inav be prepared
from the asleaves
lime.
ith
th>
'6
W(*'*
about
Woburn
in
Bedfordshire,
and
from
thence
the
London
;,p,r littlp'h A ^'munition -, freely, and few plants arc more eligible for that operation.
American ow.T ' anot,K'r Rcnue of plants which sec in its place. These are fcry
Fi ^r"j
rcqu,r,ng
somea delicacy
their management.
any,
) }WU(
knee; on, account
of the numerous articulations of its
Class VI.
S72
Smilacete. i Jp. 23. 1784. D l.p.1 Bot mag. 1063
790. .. SkakbV Beabd
jn L.Y Japan
'4600
AVf. Japan
China 1820. D 8-p.l Bot cg-W
40)1 Japnica
spictue Ker.
spiked
-!
-AJ cu 1 au.e V Sp.
79. 1774. O r.m Bot mag. 1*95
Asphodclr.
791.
EUCO'MIS.
W.
Ei'comis.
6.G.
1 mr.ap
my Br
Luto"purfUreocailUW.JC.purple-eUlked
nna W
dwarf
| lAJ
Bot
rep.
369
1794. O r.m
C.... G. a
H. 1792.
G.B
r.m
Bot
mag_8*J
iAI oror 24ap.my
L.G
.
G
H.
O
rm
Di.el.t92.nn9
two-leaved
lAJ
or
1702.
4604
bifolia
W.
r.m Bot mag, 1<KJ
tongue-leaved
lAJoror 22 mr.ap
4605
regia
W. .
ilea
mr
GG C.C.C. G.(.G. H.
H.
waved-leaved iAI
r.m
1783.
4606
undulata
22 jn.d
il ap G.B
H.
spotted
or
r.m Bot
Bot mag.
mag. 913
1539
4fJ)7
punetta
f.
1790.
G
C.
G.
H.
streaked
iAI HcmerocalliAe Sp 3.
4608 itrita H. .
p.l Par. lond- tje
792. BKODI^'A. L. T.
in
Georgia
p-1 BLmag. 382
4609
grandiflra L. T.
i< 1
Chili
p.l Lin- tr. v. 10. 1 1
4610ixoldes
$ my Georgia
4611 congsta Sm.
L. T. close-headed
Awarage.
Sp.
2.
D r.l Bot mag.
793.
PELOSANTHES.
.
.
Peliosastubs.
my.jn
G
Indies
'iTlS
mall
G.Pu E Indie* 1807. Sk e.p Bot mag. Vm
4613 humilWM.
Tta 1
green-flowered CT
1 cu
cu 1, Asvhodele.
Sp.
1.
70*4614,il>IlYLLAN'THES.
LlLV Pl
jn.jl R France 1791. R e.p Bot. mag. 1132
monspelinsis W. Ru*h-hke
t Pr 1 Atphodelea?.
Sp. 1.
R s.p Bot mag. HC*
SOWERBJE'A.
L
T.
Sowbrb*.
1
4615 Jncea . Br.
Rush-leaved iAJ pr my.jl Pk N.S.W. 1792.
796.
W. W. gt-round-head.
4616AL'LIUM.
Ampeloprsum
Leck
4617
Pmim
W.
linear-leaved tf
4618 lineare
W. sweet-smelling
im S
je
4619
suavolens
tf3
44*S1
20 subhirstum
Victorilis f.1. long-rooted
hairy
oblique-leaved
4622
oblquuin (.
Homer'e
Moly l
4623mgicum
.
Rose-colored
.... 1820.

4624rseum
W.
deflexed
tf
1821.
4625deflxum
W.
upright
Naples
1823.
4626
strictum
Schrad.
Ncaiolitan
tf
Naples 1820.
4627
neopolitnum
3
4628cibatum
Cyr. Cyr. ciliated
mag. 11*2
Rot
W
Siberia
1787.
Bot
Tartarian
>
462!)
Vu
Switzerl.
1766.
Bot mag.
mag-
lu
46. titricum
descendonsL.IV. purple-headed
Y
Austria
1759.
Bot
mag- 1*_*
sulphur-colored
4631
flvum
W.
.
S.
Europe
1779.
Bot
mag.
pale-flowered tf
4632
pilem
Pu S, Europe 17SJ. Bot mag.973
46
pniiirultum Bich.
L. panicled
Pk Caucasus
...
Caucasian
4634caucsicum
Pu
S.Caucasus
Europe 1820.
round
Gmel. sib. 1. J.1
463.1
rotiidura
L.
Pu
1821.
globose
4636
globsum
A'sV.
W.pu
S.Odessa
Europe 1819.
1823. Wald.&K.l. tt
musky
4637
moschtum
L.
W

458 guttitum Fisch. spotted
Pu
Crimea 1824.
rock
4639
Pk
1821.
Bot mai. 176*
4640 rupestre
misllum Jfcfc
W. V. diminutive
RPu Siberia
Europe
1759.
small-he.ided
S. Europe 1781. cu
Pa.pu
1816flesh-colored
Britain
f4 Jnmy.jn
England moi
rocks.w. 0 Wig-""1
4644
arennum
W.
4645 carintum W. WuA
mountain
1816.
1 jn.jl
4646 controvrsum W.en. barren
, tV, Propagation, Culti

stem. The English name arises from the roots, which in P. vulgare ir full ,
them
shews
characters
which
dreamers
discovered
to represent the ""i'^
This plant Ii
Ophiopogon.
From e?i(,
snake, have
and >ev,
as790.
it requires
tRe protection
of aa frame
during
severea beard
frosts.: snake s-bearo.
l-.ves in botanical Uni" 8e
M
ucora.
From
i,
well,
and
*w>
hair;
on
account
of
the
fine
tult
, bardj.
called
by which
thebystem
surmounted.
herbaceous
ngn*"
T coma,
Named
Sir isJames
Smith, afterHandsome
James Brodle,
tw olplants
BrCKhc
House, stleman to hom
^
U.c793.botany
of Scotlm.lFrom
is indebted. livid,
Highly
curious
little
plants
with blueto . ... j0wera.
W".4I
Pfitoi*.
and
S,
a
dower,
in
allusion
been
neglecM"
r.air.o of the plant in India ; and having been adopted by Dr. Roxburgh, ought not to
th'u country.
Oui I
373
ground
long
'"g as raceme
Flo j.
" *"'" l"Pi, Cn
4624
*^
'41 l
Cljss VI.
274
Slcllv
IS*90
rJ
Morisj
I.t;5.f.9
^lenmaeklS Oco Mor-.AUU.
tjS CUl
3 ("-
4617
sativum W. IV. ;,uU1'a!B!
cul
jl
SUeSoro.lopr4.um
(a
4649 monspcsuln. Montpellier prpr 11 inin
4650 violceum W. en. violet
stinking
Pr 11 i'in Pa.pu EnglAnd corn fl
4651
fo^tidum
465*3
viuele .Ir"./. crow
purple-striped S ' 1 Jl
465j olerceum
a Europe 18 goo B&n&ffi
prpr 11 inil
l>.Pu Hungary n gnec 33
pr 1i iln W
W Barbary
Crimea 181|
1822. g "
4fi5t
nigrum
L.
y.1HC*
1
S7 cspium Bieb. . Caspian
Crimea
1820-
caspm . ".tun
1Sin.il
Crimea
1823.

4658 Amaryllis
lbldum :*,
(Lan
Chili
1823.
1659
saxtilc
Sieb
roll
L
..
1816. Bot reg. 758
46W
Cowni
LndL
I
owan
s
1
mil
Germany
1802.

K1 acutngulum 1.. acute-angled
mag. 11
1i jn.il
Siberia
178'. . Bot
M.hiss.tllfa
4662spirle
ir.cn.
1"
jLau
Palestine
1548.
163
nutans
'.
n1;1,
8
Bot.mag.lljO
5in.il
cul
Germany
1596.
46,*ascal6nicum IT. Narcissus-leav

Shallot
mag1776 . Bot
V i jnjl & Carolina
4665 eenscena IV.
mag. H*
Germany
17
gg Bot
Carolina
- pr 31 inr.ap
Botmlliul.t*
4666
gracile
.4.
K.
in.il
W
.
GH.'
800.
angular-stalked?
VilLdelpb-i"
4667
angulsumW.Ir. Streeked-leaved pr 1 my.in
4669stritum
Narcissus-flwd. Prl,r 1 JLau
Eng.
bot 1
4669
i"
Jl
Bot. mag.
9
4670 narcissilrum
canadnse W. . Canadian
Kamson
3 Prpr 1 I ap.my
CIUB.histl.pl92
467!
ursinum
W.
my.jn
triallgular-stkd.
W
S.
Europe
1SU3.
Bot
mag.
4672
trquetrum
W.
jn.au
pr
Y
S.
Europe
1604.
Clusius's
467. Clusinum IT. great-yellow
2 jn W.pu
V N.N. Amer.
g Bot mag. 1-*.

4674
Mly
1.
Amer.
806.
three-seeded
mag.15
4675
.
prpr 1 i Jnin Li N. Amer. 1811. g Bot.
drooping
4676 tricoccum
cmuum Roth.
... "g Bot mag.
4677
stelltum
*. jV.
M. furrowed
E -, p
Pu Siberia
Siberia B
4678
bisilcum
IT.
S)"-) Pa.pu
Germany WU g Vent ceU. t *
Balea)
4679
'Pt 11J jnjl
4680 baicalnsc
rbeos' IV. ra.rV. en- red
S.O w W. Indies 1822. G
4681 frgrane Poll. fragrant
....
Pa.pu
Ipr 11 jl1
.... IM01817.
acute
" Rot.
mW l*
4682
aetiturn
Spr.
Pu
Plrar.nu.4tl*>
1820.
leafy
4;i83
folisum
FiscA.
31 Jl.o
W
cu
Xreo-Onlon
Hungary
1816.
4<84
prolil'eriim
Sclir.
jnjl
Pa.Y
pr
pale-yellow
4I85 oclirolciicum tV.cn. cominon-onion Q) cul 8 jnjl W
B*"S
1629. " r.m
bot l
4686
Cepa W. W. Welsh-Onion cul ljap.my Gr Siberia
Britain
.
M Eng.
Bot mag,
4687
e
cul 41 my.jn
Siberia
1777.
4688 rtstulosum
Sch.cnoprsura IF. Chivee
Wald-^'"8
jliu
W
pr
Siberian
4689
sibtricum W.
II'.
iristly
5 pr 4( jl.au G.w Hungary
S. Europe 1805.
1774. g S Bot mag i*
4-190
4691 setccum
Chanai.Mly en.W. lwarf-Moly ** ja.f G.w
797.
4692ALBU'CA.
altsaima W.W.
4*19:1 major II".
"
History, Use, rropagaw, V .
Ger a[ami / Itlfd.,
ilion
A. Foamscalv(Prom
porf. bulb,
In Celtic, toiscatblanched
) ^=^^!''u^?n
^f"/*
a1cylindrical
imiieVfeet
gardens,
and eartneu
ui soP
aaaucei,
March, tran.plantc.1
in May in which
shallow drills, andmbeing
slightly
October,
and :-s
remains
that state tillGcr.,
Aprilandor ,4cHo,
May following.
.
bouiIb8 wl,ichârc
oji irp^srj
sativum,
Ail, Frin inill,medicine,
Knoblauch,
... bas sol
ferons
|es
uJt
, by,IU.,,^,",ng\,"burnd
'planting >hc s0t'i
,,,ted W*
ii.g,A. and
somcti.ni,
it is cultivate!
dividing
the bull
-1
or A.March.
'1-hcv
are
Ht
to
take
up
in
the
September
tallowing,
"Xj
,
joth
Iih'K
"
"
....
scoraloprasum.
-^, onion,
:.,
Ger., and(Prom
&<<,
Ital., and
has W'.Sjt>abK
bulbs like garlic ût
but the
the soiHi
so
Jc r.
,
is cultivated tor the same purposes as that species, and is considered as^v. iSOTw, Hat, IS ,pi.
A.
ascaloniciini
igrowmg
near
Ascalonl.
F.schaltc,
^^"1(-^"
' mWomor liowers
" MlJ
ofBMed
cultivated
Albums.
It
bas
a
soboliferoiH
bulb,
small
fistular
,e"^'lna"Vu..i,st
September.
clove, planted
in autumnandorshallow
spring, planting
and takenarcupfound
for use
m ,.
.J^ , t
subjectbytotheinsects,
which autumn
to coun.i.a
HoW. 7Vn&j. ii. 98. . fj" Grtr.I. :7.)
Omti .
HEXANDRIA
MONOGYNIA.
va*a .
Samern
3-poiiited
Sfjj
*4617compound,
1
.n
luate,
Sheaths
S-edged,
3-polnted
rarinatum,
+V,,1- 1
-'..-.!.Allium
subulate
twice asbutthe
long astamens
flower, arethree-pointed
Spathe loueur than umbel
1 SUiwmipointed
lern hilfround, Spth muchUmbel
longer/erous.
than umbel.Lests
Sepalsnotfl
obtuse,t. Stamens simp.e exscrtdl
..
4C3Lez
rough hslf-round furrowed beneath, Stamens simple
4fi'4Scaperounded, Learnlin.
Umb. manr-fl.
fastigiate,
l>*ve*
linear
channelled
angularbeneath,
Stam. subulate
R.Umb.
Leave*fastigiate.
radical,
notJUlutar.
Scqwriunded,
lanceol.
Sepals
very narrow,
Stamens simple
MScaperounded,
leaves
lanceolate,
limb
humispherir.il.
Sepal*
spreading,
Stamens
simple
*5i Scaperounded, Lvs. lin. lane, wavy, Umb. hemispherical, RouUvery long, Stain, simple twice us long fl.
*i3
Scape oblique *cornered,
T-eaveslinear,
fostigiatc,
Stamens
as long
as longer
fl. than (lower
V.'fSfjpeMunded,
[#aves
half-round.
SiatheUmb.
acuin.
longer
than
,simple
Stam.
simple
iiScape1rounded.
Leave*Umbelclustered,
lanceolate acuminate
flaccid
dilated
sheathing,
UmUl
BwUgtott,
S. |.als obtuse
Wl
Scapei-edged
angular,
Stamens
simple
as
lotig
as
flower,
leaves
linear
oblique
Wlcîwilyg^dgcd.
Umbel
capitate.
Stamens
longer
than
flower,
leaves
linear
spiral
^Bcaâ^diei Umb
before
flowering, afterw.
erect, Lvs.lin. flat. Stain. 3-pointedlongerthan fl.
Leavesdrooping
subulate,
Umbel
Stamensijiointed
r/o Scape -edjfed, Leaves
linear
convex
and globose,
imnrtb -Scaperounded r u-ouimens
subulate
connate
shorterlinear
angular...va,
beneath,
fastigiate
~r* *>meredlonger
thanchannelled
the lin. furrowed
leaves,
Unib.Umbel
fastipate.
Stamensat base
simple, Sepals obtuse
255*waided
VTOScape
rounded. Leavesthan
linearthe liucar subulate leaves, Umb. fastig. stamens simple, Sepals mucronato
S
ic',rnefcd.
Leaves
lanceolate
stalked.
Umbels
fastiaiIte
g
and leavesLeaves
icomered, Stamens
simpleUmb fcw.flowered, Sepals obovate concave
scape rounded.
ciliated,
scapentul;
cylindrical.linear
LeavesflatlatKeolate
sessile, Umbel fastigiate
2SZ***Jlf-ruund< Umb.
baavtafartigiate
lanceolatecemuous,
oblong flat
smooth,
rtoboae, subulate
Seeds solitary
weearaptornered,
leaves
linearUmbel
flat. Stamens
longer than flow
4 sTTC*
h,u'"' Umb looS Filam. subulate as long as flower
252!
"",
,011'T
than
'eaves,
Umb.
compact,
Stam.
subuL
as
long
as
flower
5-^**1 t end. Umbel halfglobose, Lene* linear flat ohinn. at base, Slam subul. longer tlian fl.
SlftT
mbL few-flowered
rartiPte, Lim
half-round
Stam. Stain,
Innceol.te
shortershorter
than fl.than fl.
ocapcrounded, Umb.
fastigiate,
LeavesUJIilpUind.
Dtt, channelled,
lanceolate
WfawlnA,
C.
Leavestlular.
Scape 8*,* * Hj equal, Sepals mucronate
SS*!^
proliferous,
Stamens
."-pointed
gwpiwsw with an Umbangle,bulbiferous
leaves linear
ObtUSC, Umb.
roundcil,
Stamenssetaceous twice as bug as fl.
8EE1?!
''1'
t!,an leave
he round leaves
longaithe
round"4"
ventricose
521 me found subulate
leaves
^Srou2i',i";ikwln,un<i'
l**m
Stamens
Sepals
lanceolateatacute
Mi Scat*j
LiZj any,
*a*t-sCapsules
'""cernuoui,
subulatehalf-round,
ciliated.flatSepals
ovatesubulate.
lanceolate
einargmate
ends
Leaves
ciliated
wI Inner 1. ,i i
I1, Three stamensfcrtite.
*WU*esWTu
j i at31 end
on(l indexed,
'"I, Peduncle*
Leaves subulate
channelled
**. S*,andular
spreading,
leavesrecurved
linear lane, flat reflexed
Class VI.
HEXANDUIA MONOGYN1A.
276
V H .1 Bot raag.7l
iAJ'-r 2 my.jn Y.W C. G. H.
Q f m ^ ^g. ifv
4
minor W.Jae.
*i95
areen-flowered Al
ror 21 J"my-jn
Jl Y a G. H. 1774- r.m
49(> flaccida
viridiflra IV.
*hannel-loaved
(Ai
4697 coarctta W.
O r.m
Botrep.4*.
W G. H. 1774.
r.m
Jac.lc.2.t
level-topped
iAl
or 211 my.jn
1791
4698
my.jl W .. G.G. H.
(>
r.m
Botmag- lW
upright-tower.
lAJ
1795.
46 fastigita
caudta W.W.
H.
1
my.jl
G
s
p
Bot
mag.
1329
bristly
tf
iAl
or
1802.
4700
eetsa
jl.au Y.i C. G.G. H,H. 1804 r.m Bot. mag. 1046
orr ifjnjl
4701
vittSta *'. .M. . ribl>on
Bot mag- 71
dingy-flowered
t Ai
iAl
1795. O r.m
4702
physdes
1 mv.jl w
W C.C. G.G. H.
Addcr's-ikin
lAJ
ir
4703
exuviU
/.
H. 1818.
-1818. r.m
a
golden
t Al ,ir 2l*myjl
r
m
. . t -,si
4704
urea
Jaci.
Abyssinia
VI . . H. 1791. s.p Jacschn.l
tt lAJ
oror 1 au
4705 abyseinica Joe?. Abyeeinian
Jar.ku2.
t4fc
jn.jl
Y- . G. H. 79. r.m
wert-scenled
iAJ
470o
fragrans
W.
Lp
Jacic2.t.43S
1
my.jn
clammy-leaved
4707 viecsa IV.
spiral-leaved tt iAJ
lAJ or 5 jn w . G. H. 1795.
spirali
Sp.
798 XAKTHOUltH'A. Br. Xantiiorhihea 4 Asphodcle.
Sk
8.P
N. 37.
S. W 1803.
W
470> hstilis H. Br. yellow-gum iA! cu ap.my
Sks-p
180.
N.
S.W
...
W
4710
minor
.
email
5
Sk
B.p
1810.
N.
S.W
..
W
4711 uracteta . Br. long-bracted lAJ cu
Sp.
2-21.
Aspkodclea.
s.p
Bot reg. 656
799. THYSANO'TUS. .
1R04.
N.
S.
W.
\
au.8
PU
RwtUlk
4712
au.8 Pu N. S.W. 182i s.p Bot reg. too
4713 jnceus
UanthrusH. Br.
H. Br. even-anthered 5 lAlpr I Asphodi'lcit.
SP.59.
Bot. mag. 1
Ehospkrmum.
800. ERIOSPER'MUM. IV.liroad-lcaved
1800. Sks.p
CG.
L.B
tft iAl cu
cu 11 jn.au
Sks.p Bot.
reg. 578
4714
latiflium Jaeq.
IV.
C.C. GG. H.
HH. 18ffl.
jn
W.r,
Jac.ic2.t4
downy
Sks.p
4715pubsceiis
1795.
1 ljn.au
jn.au L.B
Sks.p JM-feSVj
Jac. 'C-tj
spear-lcaved
tt tAI
OU
4716lancea?folium
W.
1795.
C.
G.
H.
D.B
small-Ieaved
iAI
cu
Sk
s.p
Bot
reg.
4717
jn.au Y.o C. G. H. 1806.
4718 parviflum
loliollferum W. le.iflet-liearing t AJ eu I Asphodcletr.
Sp.
8-7.
O
Bot.
mag. 1*1.
Omiba.
woods. s.p P.Lu.N.a-5801. GA'GEA. SaL bundle-flower41
YY llriUun
A prpr Ji mr.ap
4719
ltea
M.'. en. wood
Europe
mr.ap
O
s.p
H.in.us.an.b4
t
4721
sylvatica
Germany
17;'9.
slieathed
prlr Ji my
47-.!1 spathcea IV.
my YY Swden 175.
starry
17S9. O S.P Eng. bot /93
4722
minima
P.L.S.
netted
t pr I mv.jn Y Siberia
4723
circinata
5 P' 1V * Wales
4724 sertina . M. mountain
Sp.
2947.
em.
Asphodle*?.
8(S. ORN'ITHO'GALUM. IV. St*r av Bethleii \ my.jn Y Sitiera 1781. O s.p N.c.p.lS.tfif-3
A oror l my.jn W CalUbmU 1798. s.p
one-flowered AJ
4725 uniflrum
Bot-
Ixia-like
4726
ixioides H. W.K.
. H. me.pa
1774. r.m
W .England
bot. %
if iAl
oi<T j'mrJn
to Eng.
4727
nlvcum
W.
1lj ap.jn
W
A
Bt'8
10
472 umbellium W. greenish

Del.
Ba>
1823.
Bot
mag.
I'M
jn.jl G S Europe IR 10. eo
H lAjor
4729
virons
IhiU.
W Crimea 18 I.inilLcou.28
Narbonne
4730
narbonnee
W.
W
}
l
mr
Eng
bot
499
fringed
4731
firabritum Aleo.
pa*t(. Eli(lanl
spee-hi
tf AA oror SJ jn.jl
4732 pyrenicuni
W. spiked
S. Europe IT/L r.m Ben.
Bot
H
ap.jl l.V
4733
tachydc*W. W. close-bpiked
CG.
H.
1790
Hot. mag.
mag. 6M
w
iA] or 11 jn.jl
milk-white
G
r.m
47S4)cteum
.
G.
H.
179
w
mr.jn
Bot
rep.
5
revoluto-flower.
4
lA)
or
r.m
47.55
revoltum
W. tall
1804
w Egs-pt
Bot sch.
mag.Lt.
3 iAl
or 3 mr
4736
eltum
Egypt, 1829. r.m
Jac.
j"jl w
broad-leaved
A)
r.in
4737
latiflium. W..
W.
-w . i;G. II.H. 1795.
aes
qulU-lik
U
lAJor
Bot
r.m
4738
scillodes
1816.
icreg.2 15t;
llinjl GW Austria ja .1 Jac.
tf AJ
473 prasinum ^. green-flowered
short-spiked
roror 2Jjn.au
r.m Jacic.2t42j
4740
comosum
I.
Spain
W
jn.jl
pyramidal
4701
4741 pyramidale
4694
.table soil,cm
J
, latins. A genu, of little beauty,uiory,
but of Uic,
easy Propagation,
management Cuitare,
in Joam^nd decay . ^
propagation is effected by suckers from the old bulbs ; or by taking off leaves iron
round
the edge of a potFrom
of sandy
loam.yellow, ami p, to
niant PJw
oroduces a yellow gum.
,,
T.S.
{.,
flow.ofTh.
TIthe
e plant
799. XiuMorraira.
ThpsamMu. From ura,.
a fringe, on account
fringe ol tne -l Elegant little
Holland
plants, with bright
slender sel,
grassyonleave..
800. Erio.pcrmvm.
frompurple
iV blossoms
wool, andand,
account of the envelope
envciopv of the seed.
curious
little CapeNamed
plants,I bywith
or unusually
shajienI">leaves." Sir rureat amaij" _
801. Gagm.
R..deformed
A.. Salisbury,
Esq.,
..
Na.
S.,],-l.rv,
...1. planU,
atle.
!,'II. ewln-
the ahe^gM
ofLbotany.
genus
ofl.v curious
little bulbous
none-of
""g'TlSrtbe
han
three orA
inches,
and principally
distinguished
from
Omitnogalum
oj OOlot Of "
dowers.
I.
-^
Inner vaulted at end I, J 2- 5*
/erf&r
CT Lare, e hnS,c Pubescent

^ MMel> nbform_
undivided K8S1IC
Radirai leaflinear
flat. Peduncles
simple
umbellate.
obtuse smooth.
Bulbssmooth.
clusteredBulb solitary
.JiKartical
loaflinear lane,
flat, Pedunc
simple
somewhatSepals
umbellate,
Steals obtuse
'-iffC< fi,,fi,rm upright, Pedunc about 3 with a three-leaved involucrum
c" naked,
'"fPedunc.
nak,,d, Pedunc umbellate
branched
pultesccnt.Three
Sepalsouter
lane,sepablonger
acute than the other*
leaves filiform,
im Leaves
halfcylindrical,3 umbel!,
Caulinepubescent,
dilatedat bane
S i"1~wd'
TP- Pedunc 1-. Outer sepals lane. Tituse : inner cllipt. twice a broad
SH"| ^* umbelled, Filam. all 2.forked tearing the anther in the middle
?"-*j.
Sepal,
ra n^T ."fl?*"CTl- ûnc.lanceolate,
longer thanLaaves
bracios,filiform
Filam.channelled,
subulate Filam. subulate
*WSawSSi
tJl,jrJI*
Lve"
lmlancwpall
E"Wy
other
stamen
with two teeth, Brades longer than ft.
,^^/'
lanceolate inemhraiious, Pedunc. and . spreading
Wed ,horter
thanobtuse,
'"'
strongly
fringed
leave*
I-a
ita.
u"
1,1'
Filam.
ukOttoL
equal,
Stvle
the length
4 j * .VlT> âls lane, oblong, Filam, broad lanceol. alternately
shorterofstamens
fc?V
'"blate
alternate
lanceolate,
Bractes
membranous
ovate
twicesubul.
as longl*aveslinear
as pedunc.
lyjT. [,' ^ S^^y*1
m WW*' Scuui^P0
linear oblong
bent emarginato,
Filam.ofstamens
lane,
jj,,
long, obliquely
Mowers
campanolate
the length
*-~"3
. *' ,]- '"blate,
Pedunc
much longer
than flower.
Leaves lanceolate
"WZ
^ uPwar,1*i
m "* PedUD-divaricating
length offl. onBrades
lengthFilament*
ofpedunc.withLva.an lin.
?Efi
a longthe
scape.
ovatelanebaseloose
baremi?
Brarte3 Haeeme
ll>e lengthSctwls
of flowers,
obtuse,
antral,**lFL numerousascending.
oblong Sepals
flat, Stam.
lane,Filam.
equal.subulate
Style very short
\j 4728
.4727
4732
<m<l clcc.^ lhc LrL , 3)1 '? "'c ">P,
Class VI.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNiA.
278
Bot
rcp
O
r.m
p.Y . Cf. H. 1795.
swcct-aecotod
tft iAl
oror ]|1 myjn
Jai-, stli.
LISI
4742 odortum W.
O r.m
17
my il W , G.(i. H.
bcanlcd
iAI
Bot.
mag. 1(72
r.m
474.
barbtutn
W.
1794.
H.
Bush-leaved t AJ or jtau
4744 juii;-iibuin W. rock
O
r.m
178.
. Ci. H. !'. O r.m Bot. mag. 7^1
t lAjor iny.
4745
W.
Kgypt
Bot. mag. 11m
great-flowered t AJ 1 11 .;
474 rupestre
arabicum
() r.m
C.C. G.G. H.
Bot ic.mag.t 4
1*1
t
lAJ
4747
thyrsoides IV.IV. thyrse-tower.
r.m
H.
inj)
tt iA|or
Jac.
golden
m
474Sareum
\V,
1W4.
.
.
H.
jn.jl
lAJor- 1HJn.jl
. iAI
Jac.
ic.mag.t 435
4749 flavssimuin Jac, great-ycllow
r.m
18H.
CL
G.
H.
elose-flowered
t
or
Bot
t*
r.m
4750
coarcttum IV.W. long-spiked t iAI o' 3 .
C.Gibraltar
G. H. 1774.
47:")I
caudtum
Wut*. r.m 11. mag. -.
4752
B. M. one-leaved
officinal Squill tt lAJ
AJ oror 3 ap.my W S. Europe 89. r.m Bot mag. 918
4753 uniiolium
Squilla /.
Sil. 2135.
Asphodelea?. Switzerl.
mag.
Squill.
1*80%
SCIL
LA.W. K.
OO p.lr.ra Bot
D.B Spain IB.
oror 1 % apjl
Bot.
mag.
7W
Italian
4754
itlica
.
my
p.l
Bot.
mag.
19
corymbose
4755
peruviana
K
Portugal
1777.
O
i
mI-
oror
Portugal
BeUlilTte
7Srt
iujitnlca IK
S.Levant
Europe lasn.
OO
u.1
Bot
mag.
iill
4757Lilio-HyaintliusfF.
Lily-rooted
156.
L.B Siberia
oror *i inr.ap
p.l
Bot
m.ig.
It5
oddmg
.4759
. amte'na
IV.
171ft
Cmr D.B
Siberian
sibtrica
//.IV.K.
1790L Eng. bot
eiiriy-flowerin. t oror 44 mr.ap
47tiO
prs'cox
Britain
rock*.
ap.my
vernal
4761
vcrna
1.
Portugal
.... Bot .
W Madeira 158j.
tt oror %m,Jn
47i<2
unifla
L. W. one-leaved
' i au
I!Pk England dr. 1. r.m
Hyacinth
p.l Eng.
tot
fes
hyacintholdca
au.s
t or
4764
autuinnlis
W. autumnal
Big.
bot
not 78"
woods. pi ..
England
two-lcuved tt oror Ji ..
.-4.
47H5
Pyrenees
1822.
2
>
47Hfi bifolia
umbelltaW. W. en. umbelled
1815.
tft 1
or 11. l'k Spain
cermious
4767
cernua *.
/.*.
2. India lSlti.
amag. 127. nee
Indian
47i
lftiS. I
li-P Sliaill
tf ororor 1 V myjn
Eng. mag.
l>oL 3771461
47li9 Indica
rampanulta IV. Spanish
Britain
wooils.
CO3.1 Bot
mrjl.
Harebell
4770 non
scripta
Sm.
Britain
woods.
tft or<r S mr.in PV

flesh-colored
crnea
Britain
woods.
w
j
mr.jn
mag. 1*3
y. ada S M. tu/ut
t. .
H.
1811. s.le.l Bnt.
l'k
liort-leaveil tftf oror
Bnt.rep.5t5_
4771
.Amer.
H. 1710.
l'k
s.18,1 UoL
mag.
4772 brevifSU
coryn)J6aa . U. Cape
N.Italy
1811.
l'.ii
tftf 00or 11 my.jl
{Huunaah
Bot
mag. 574
S4773
esculiiU
.
.
l.
\v
toman
14774 romana J3. .1/.
Asjihodcica.
804. PUSCHKl'NIA. BfAlittlePustHKiM*.tf A or J myja 1*. Ifberia 1819. -J Lindl, coll. 24
4775 scdloides Bicb.
5.
*, tf lAJcii I Aspbodelctc.
Bot *.*
mag. 48t4S
feOS.
. 0.y_10.
H.H. 1775.
4"7fiMASSO'NIA.
latifolia Jaca.T. brnad-leaveil
... O e.lfcl Jac.
1 inr.ap
inr.ap W
W C.. Ci.
cu
4777
longili'.lia
long-leaved tft i1
Bot.
reg. 694
...
8.1
G.
H.
i
inr.ap
W
iAI
cu
candida Burche.)
, iAI cu 4 an.iny W . G. H. 1790- s.1 Bot
Bot
re. 2W
prickly-leered
tf
4778$ muriefta
. . white
1790.
s.1
4779 ecHlira
H. .. M. liagreen-leavcil tf iAI c" i jTp W C. G. H.
fiustutnta
C.
G.
H.
179a
s.1
i
my
W
rough-leavetl
t
lAlcii
47
echlnta
IV.. . few.Howereil tf lA| cu 4 my W C. G. 17!- . Bot. mag. 73f
47K1
1775. s.
tf lA) cu Amr.ap W . G.(i. H.H. 1791.
4782
angiuttSUa
W. narrow-leaved
waved-leavptt
t iA)
eu
4784
undulta
W.
.
.
.
9 ..i Bot ma S>*
trum|)et-flower,
tf
lAI
cm
47S4 euiflia . il.
Sp. 1
904
Einnwi or 1 AsphodflcC.
s.1 Bkb. cent t ol
myjn Y Siberia isoa 47(
47S5EREMU'KUS.
ipcctapiH* Bich.Bicb. chamwlled-lTd.
I 4756
History, Ute, Propagation* Culture,

rod
, y it has long been esteemed the most certain and effectual diuretic itl, which wc arc acquainted,
as an
U usually employed intA-V
asthma.to injure, according to Miller, because its root Is a *^.?2froas well
Ml
803. Sa/la.
Froi In Arabic it is called diW/; baa not the name $ baja obtainedJ**^,e mark,
-root?in
article
of medicine.
Tlie genus
is so ill defined
that botanists are more guided by their blue colour tlian oy any i
referring
plantsortohyacinth
this ratherof than
e Spam.
a W"
Tt is valuable
as an t
S. peruviana
PerufineOmithogalum.
inlucid
erroneouslv
named,a^waririg
being a native
. through
green,
green'about
leaves
before ofwmtcr
and^com
eaaon,ortillrather
it sendswintcrgrecn,
up iu thickitssucculent
scapes
the end of April.
There are
t vm iv * one with
b ana
deep blue, and the other with a white flower. Like other Spanish bulbs it is liable to De ut i
extraordinary
winter.
, ,isle
,Man, .nHihp
, olJjnan'Ji""'
ofrf
and f'"the"
t"e HebrWes.
n nd
and
S. venia
is a severe
maritime
plant
found onofthe
coastname
of Cornwall,
Wales,thethe
French,
non-scripta
Hyacinthus
of Linuus,
Jacinte
bou,
Xiedertanduche
oris the
EnRlitchc
Hyacinthe,that
of the
German*.
The fanciful
specihc
name ooi n.
^ j|ltul **
HEXANDllIA MONOGYNIA.
ig
S"'1 mol
S-^^^^* o,^
: col
'"^,!,,,,;, .'S*1'1"!,
Fi>e,|,L,n ,.the ,lower doncaed
-ft racemo,
Stanton, membra:
mrabraou."cen<ll"
jre, mamen*
75raeoilj ipscies, like a nale.nowcredvariety of 5
* leaveslanceolateoblong acuminated
leavesroundish
smoothwartod
toward*rough
the end muncated
Leaves roundish veiny

JgLeaves ovateandlanceolate with hairy tubercle*. Sepals filiform
l-i, lanceolate anddlijrticalveinlcwarted,
Wartsnaked, Sepals ovate
4:fifi?bing
flat smooth
LesveilanceoUtelanceolate
wavy
. alternately
, . , ,longerr
lernlanceolate,
SepaUsmooth
much shorter than the tube. Filara, capillary
SBScapenaked rimple, Stamens twice as long as flower, Leaves linear channelled
.
dud Mitcea%e<m
'-'|^^?,^1'"'.
it hat not theParticulars
mark! of Ai, Ai, on the petals, as other hvecin!
* ^ ,;'.",$,1,,!"
the Hvacinthus
poetieus.
ha. its origin
m theIn.RomlMTlSw.'?K?>n','bcinl
"* 1^1
' the death
of theThis
youthideaHynci.ilhu,
changed
blood
* iSlr4uI?^hin?mc.*t
ItMulsin
is a native
of almost
every part
of Europe
and ofof limj.
'AaSrSlJ''*
,|>
-'
Fouschkin,
a
HusMan
botanist
and
patron
IxiUny.
aiS^^ltait, resembling a Scilla in appearance, but well defined by the very curious unionAofvery
it.
kMleSS'&r;m byThunbcrg, after Mr. Francis Massen, uthor of StefellK So "successful
and finally
Northground,
America,
inlo
35*f^tf
10 ^
Vcr*Hope,Ma,leir.v,
Ptats, t"0
witllWest
broadIndies,
leaves lying
flat on the
and com.
'nea to mem such an ainx-llation in their native abodes,
T4
807. BULB1*NE. W. en.

4786 frutescens W en.
4787 rostrata W en.
4788 alooides W. en.
4789 pugionifrme Lk.

4790 longiscpa IV en.
Bulnuxe.
* u_J or
beaked
*... u_j or
ap.au
ap.jn
ap.au
O or
* my.jn
upright
onion-leaved
y:
y:
if
w:
r
A or
A or
A or
A or
A or
[O] or
W
Y
W
Asphodelee.
1 apau W
2 ap.au W
W
W
W
W
P.Y
W
Y
W
W
4805 pndulum Horn.
pendulous
Sy LA] or
Albuca-like
Yual or
4807 sulphureum W.& K. sulphur-coloredy A or
glaucous
St LA or
4808 glancum F. per.
4806 albucoides Ait.
4809 semibarbatum R.Br. half-bearded

thread-leaved
4810 filifliun, Jacq.
4811 pomeridinum Ker. afternoon
flexiflium W.
filiforme Jy.
floribndum W.
revoltum Jy.
ual or
uM or
thick-spiked
curled-flowered Yual or
4820 vespertinum W.
afternoon-flow. Y. LA or
4821 graminifolium W. waved-leaved Stual or
three-flowered
4824 Liligo W.
eved
uMJ or
channelled-lvd. Yual or
A or
482.5 Lilias'trum W.
Savoy
A or
t810. ARTHROl'O'DIUM. R. Br. Anthroponium.
4826 paniculatum R. Br. nicled
y u\! or
4827 cirrtum R. Br.
Wew Zealand y: LA or
811, CHLORO'PHYTUM. Ker. Chlorophytum.
4828 inorntum Ker.
r [A] cu
ta
X LA cu
4829 eltum R. Br.
#"
Anthericum clatum H. K.
4830 orchidstrum Lindl. Orchis-like
812. CAEsI.A. n. Br.
4831 vittata R.Br.
4832 ossifragum Ph.
* LA cu
nodding-flower. At LA, or
Bot cale 1102
Bot mag. 799

Blackw. t.238
Bot mag.9S4
E. indies 1808.
Candia
1821.
Canaries 1822.
S ". 25-50.
G. H. 1812.
C. G. H. 1812.
Bot cab. 915
England moun.
Europe 1570.
N. Holl.
C. G. H.
1822.
1788.
lar ic. 2. t. 407

Jac. ic. 2. t +8
Eng. bot. 793
Bot mag. 1055
Bot mag. 26.23
Bot. cab. 1580
Bot cab. 330
W
C. G. H.
1 jn.jl
C. G. H.
2 jn.au W
1* my.jm G.w C. G. H.
1795.
1750.
1774.
1795.
1795.
1774.
1774.
1731.
1803.
1794.
1782.
1774.
Bot
Jac.
Jac,
Bot
Jac.
1 ap.my
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
W
C. G. H.
W
C. G. H.
W
C. G. H.
W
C. G. H.
W.G C. G. H.
W
S. Europe
W
S. Europe
#my.jn W
W
1 ap
1 mrap W
2 sid
2 mys
11 jn
1
au.o
1 ap.my
1 my.jn
1*my.jn
Asphodelede.
3 mys W
3 my.jn W
Asphodelede.
1 jn.au W
Bot reg. 557

Bot. reg. 564
mag. 1045
vind. t. 181
ic. 2 t 409
reg. S11
ic. 2. t. 412
Bot mag. 1044

Bot mag. I040
Jac.ic. 2 t 411
Jac.ic. 2. t.410
1596.
1629
Bot mag. 1124

Bot mag. 914
Bot. mag. 318
1800.
1821.
Bot mag. 1421

Bot reg. 709
# 2-6.
. S. W.
N. Zeal.
Sp.
3-5.
S. Leone
C. G. H.
...
1751.
Bot. mag. 1071
2 au.s
2 ja.d
S. Leone
1822.
Bot reg.813
Asphodelede.
1 jl.au Pa B N.S.W.
1816.
NARthecit, M.
Lancash.-Asphodel: A cu
* A cu
4833 americanum B. M. American
Bot. mag. 773
Red, lil 191
CEsta.
813. NARTHE/CIUM. B. M.
s-p
1823.
1820.
1820.
1819.
ufu or
thread-leaved
S s-p Bot mag. 1451
Peru
N. Holl.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
uM or
u-N or
upright-leaved
tC\! or
hairy-leaved
LA, or
sweet-scented Syual or
flexuose-leaved Yual or
C. s.l Bot mag. 816

C. s.l Jac.ic. 2 t +03
0 s.l Bot. mag. 1317
Sk s.l Bot mag. 1454
Skr.m Bot mag. 1339
Hungary 1823.
u \, or
dingy:flowered
4822 triflrum W.
4823 canalicultum W.
1702.
1812.
1732.
1793.
1759.
1731.
1823.
Asphodeleae. Sp 810.
my.jn Y
Sicily
1596.
Tauria
1812.
my.jn W
W
S. Europe 1551.
V
S. Europe ...
W
S. Europe 1596.
club-seeded
Candian
y:
or
4799 crticus Lam.
Lal or
4800 intermdius Horn. intermediate
t"809. ANTHE RICUM. Jy. ANtimericuM.
4801 n(\tans W.
nodding
y u\! or
4802 latiflium W.
broad-leaved y LA or
480, serotinum L.
late-flowering
A or
branched
A or
$4804 ramsum L.
4816
4817
4818
4819
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
my
4798 clavtus Rorb.
Scilla pomeridiana
4812 phys6des B. M.
4813 asphodeloides P. S.
4814 hispidum P.S.
4815 fragrams W.
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
f u\! or
Aspinodel.
fellow
Taurian
branched
4797 fistulsus W.
Inn.au
Inn.au
Aloe-leaved
if u/\! or
dagger-leaved if u/\! or
glaucous-leaved unu or
4792 cilita Lk.

808, ASPHO'DELUS. W.
luteus JV.
tauricus Wen.
ramsus W.
albus W.
Asphodelede. Sp. 7-19.
shrubby
annual
ciliated
4791 annua W.en.
4793
4794
4795
4706
class VL
HEX ANDRIA MONOGYN1A.
280
Asphodelee.
Y
*jl.au
* jl.au
Y
4804
4786
Britain turbo D. m.s

N. Amer, 1811. D p
Eng bot. 535

Bot.mag. 1505
4800

807. Bulbine. From 822.80s, a bulb. The species are descrvedly common in flower gardens, being at once
shewy, fragrant, of easy culture, and rapid increase by suckers.
808 Asphodclus. From a, privative, and acaxxar, to supplant: that is to say, a flower which cannot be sup
ies are old inhabitants of our gardens, of easy culture
planted or surpassed. Linn. The yellow and white
and rapid increase. Immense tracts of land in Apulia are covered with the latter species, which affords very
good nourishment to the sheep. It was sacred to oserpine, and used in funeral ceremonies. .
-
St". Antnericum.
A name applied by the Greeks to the stem of the asphodel, and not misapplied to this
set of plants, which in some sort resemble the asphodel.

flowers, easily cultivated if kept dry.
Plants with fleshy leaves, and spikes of
ight yellow
ORDER I.
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
791
4792
281
Leaves fleshy rounded, Stem shrubby erect branched

Leaves fleshy rounded glaucous, Stem shrubby short rooting
Leaves fleshy tongue-shaped lanceolate flat on both sides
Leaves fleshy linear acuminate channelled, Scape twice as long as leaves
Leaves fleshy subulate half rounded flexuose glaucous 3 times as short as scape
Leaves fleshy subulate rounded, Scape racemose
Leaves ensiform fleshy 3 cornered fringed, Scape simple, Raceme very long
4793 Stem leafy, Leaves 3 cornered striated

4794 Stem leafy, Lvs. subul. 3 cornered striated, Bractes membranous lanceol. : the upper longer than flowers
4795 Stem naked branched, Pedunc. altern. longer than bract, Leaves ensiform carinate smooth
4796 Stem naked simple, Pedunc. clustered the length of bractes, Leaves linear keeled smooth
4797 Stem naked, Leaves upright striated subulate fistular
4798 Leaves linear weak, Scape erect branched, Flowers small
4799 Stem leafy naked above branched, Leaves filiform striated toothed ciliated
4800 Stem nearly naked, Leaves upright cylindrical fistular
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
Leaves fleshy lanceolate flat concave at base reflexed at end, Racemenodding at end
Leaves fleshy oblong lanceolate acuminate nerved straight 4 times as short as scape
Leaves flattish, Scape 1-flowered
Leaves flat, Scape branched, Flowers flat, Pistils straight
Leaves linear keeled shorter than the branched scape, Flowers clustered in threes pendulous
Leaves linear channelled smooth cartilaginous at edge, Scape simple
Leaves lanc. linear channelled with an obtuse concave end, Scape and raceme simple, Flowers spreading
Raceme simple long many-flowered, Pedunc. spreading in flower, appressed in fruit
Roots fibrous, Filaments declinate: the outer not bearded
Leaves filiform flexuose reflexed longer than scape, Scape simple filiform, Raceme few-flowered
Leaves fiaccid glaucous with the edge and nerves rough, Stem panicled branched, Filam. not bearded
4812 Leaves oblong, Raceme corymbose, Stamens dilated in middle papillose

4813 Leaves fleshy linear-subulate half-rounded upright
4814 Leaves fleshy compressed hispid
4815 Leaves rounded filiform upright shorter than scape, Scape simple
4816 Leaves linear filiform flexuose reflexed at base ciliated the length of the branched scape
4-17 Leaves filiform rounded roughish, Filaments smooth, Sepals lanceolate
4818 Leaves flat smooth linear lanceolate acute, Scape simple, Raceme many-flowered cylindrical compact
4819 Leaves 3-cornered rough, Scape branched, Flowers revolute
4820 Leaves linear ensiform keeled 3-cornered shorter than the branched scape
4821 Leaves linear flat depressed shorter than the branched scape, Alternate sepals wavy
48.22 Leaves channelled sword-shaped, Scape simple, Bractes remote 3-flowered
4823 Leaves fleshy hairy sword-shaped 3-cornered channelled on the narrow side, Scape simple
4824 Leaves fiat, Scape simple, Flowers flat, Pistil declinate
4825 Leaves flat, Scape simple, Flowers campanulate, Stamens declinate
4826 Racemes divided, Pedicels clustered, Inner sepals crenulate,

pendulous
4827 Raceme divided, Bractes leafy, The bearded half of filam. with 2 appendages at base, Lvs. lanc. ensiform
4828 Stemless, Leaves lanceolate radical little longer than simple scapes
4829 Leaves flat, Scape branched, Peduncles clustered, Flower flat
4830 Lvs. lanceol. acuminate upright spreading, Panicle branched upright many-flowered, Branches smooth
4831 Flowers nodding, Stamens propendent, Filaments striped, Leaves flat, Bulbs clustered
4832 Leaves ensiform, Filaments woolly
4833 Bractes unequal: the lower embracing the stalk; the upper setaceous
810. From &#9eos, a joint, and rus, a foot, on account of the jointed footstalks of the flowers.
Distinguished by its bearded filaments.
8ll. Chlorophytum. From xxages, green, and tvrov, a plant. Very inconspicuous flowers requiring a bark
bed, but easily cultivated under such circumstances.
812. Casia. Named after Frederick Caesius, who lived in 1703.
813. Narthecium. From va3x3, a rod or wand, in allusion to the slender spike of flowers. This genus
resembles a small Anthericum, from which genus it has been separated.
-
1
Class VI.
882
814. DIAEL'LA. Lam.smooth
iAlor 2- Asphodle*.
au SP.
N. 6-15.
Holl. 18A Sfc
48.4
l'vis
R. Br.
N.Holl.
1832.
Sk.p
g*-"fIg!
A lAJ
or
2|
eu
long-leaved
N.Holl.
18
Ske.p
Bot
4835
longiflia
.
Br.
LAJor
mi
strumous
Rlndi
1731.
Sksp
Bot. reg.
mag.7^1
4836 strum6sa Ker. wood
2
au
iAJ or
4837 nemrsa
Lnm.
Z). en$tfoiia
W. blue
A lAlor S my.au N S.W. 1783. R e.p Bot mag. 5
438
4839 cerlea
divaricate. .Hr.. divaricated A lAJor 3 jl.au N. S. W. 1805. R *P
44EUS'TREPHUS.
Br. Ei strepiiiu
Pu Elw. 1800. ..p Bot mag. 1245
3 jn.jl plpu
. .. Br.R. broad-leaved
N. a W. 1820. s.p
4841 latifliue
angustiflius
narrow-lcavf.nl J.t.
LJ oror 3 jl
5. 132.eea ca S m rjig. i.^. w
t8ia ASPAR'AGUS. L. AsrARAUtia
England
4 Asphodeletc.
jn.au
G
Hungary ... R r.m Pl.rar.hu.3.t20l
484-2 officinalis /..
comm.
jn.iiu
1752. R r.m Buxb.cma.L37
4843
sylvticus
W.
.
wood
w
jn.au W.a C.Caucasus
4844 vert.cillris Hieb. whorl-leaved
R s.p
. . G. H. 1759.
4845
s.p Jacschn.l.t97
18-ia~ RR s.p
GW.a Caspian
48*6 declinitus
martimus W.
BU'b.
1792.
C.
G.
H.
4847
decimbens
W.
R
s.p
1795.
C.
G.
H.
4848
s.p Bur.icyLLlif!
1823. RR e.p
GW.o Dauria
4S49 ecndene
dahiiricu W.Fisch.
E. Indies
1792.
4850falctui
W.
R
8-p
Indies
181.
W...
4851
raccinsua
W.Jacq.
1822. S Pluk.al.tS75.f3
4852
Broussonti
W Canaries
Africa 1759. RR Lp
s.p Pluk. aL 45. f.4
4853
retrofrchiB
W.
W
44".
1 asiticus
I f.
e-p Moris, ilJ-1'3
181. RR .p
W
.Asia
G. H. 1540.
4855
mthipicu
W
Siaiu
1640. R a.p R grax.337
48 fill - W.
W.a
Spain
S5758 acutiflius
G S.C. Europe
G. H. 164a RR a.p
Morn.il. s...
tl. H
s p Mom..i.
flexusm '.W.
W.i C. G. H. 1811.
4svi aphjllus
-S II Jaescb.3.t.
48fi0
subultus
1691.
C.G.
H.
r.m
RhemaLlO.
tl
ap.my
4861
IT. W.
Ceylon 171U.
48G2 capnsis
sarmentosue
..,.. JLCI
tp
Bot.
DRIMlA.
817.
DRI'MIA.
JrtC. tallest
II Asphodelex.
ad.s W.u Sp.
C. G.711.
H. ira
Bot mag.
mag. 8
n
O .
s.i>
4863
altseima
Jacq.
17.
C. G.G. H.
2l|san R.u
...
s.p
Bot
mag. tJi
144
tall
4864
elta
.
1
Pu.w
H.
1793.
O
s.p
Jac.iC-2.
ciliated
4865
ciliris
.
1
G . G.G. H.
} Ji.o
myjn Pu
16
O s.p
Bot
mag.
6
486il
i.'. . Af. dwarf
H.
CopieraR-leav41
tf
i/U
or
1774.
s
p
Bot
mag1
4867 pusiUa
UiK fffill*
GW .. G.G. H.
ronex-flowered
iA)
or
48689 revolta
.
/.
1820
s.p
H.
intermediate lAJ or
media /.
818
URPETALON.
Uropetm-on.
Ii^r
th sis- 8 Botrci
4870
Biircttelt Ker.
glaucous-leaved
iAJ
oror . )ST
G . G H. 1816.0 Lp
jr
4871 glaiicum
cxlspum .
curled-leaved 1KiAlor
iAl
^Jor !j in.au
n.au G.E
G. -1
ot Lp Botiua6.l
4S72 scrtinum Ker. late-flov
Sor
Mogadon .
1808.
*4W
4873 fidvum Hort.

tile-red
History,theUte,
Propagation,
814. DianeUa. A diminution of Diana,
name
which the mm
gcDus .originally ncejved ir CommenwnnhabL
The815.species
are foundFrom
in theiv,recesses
of riif*.
forests,towhere
theallusion
goddesstoofthehunting
Eustrrpbus.
well,
and
turn,
in
twiningMM
habitwhich
SSrSL-ls*
'nesome mf th spec,es
. Asparaina.
. <- From ^, -S^T"
'he
strong
pricUes
with
F
to others
tear, onareaccount
of evergreen
the are
armed.Ger.,Some
are dioecious,
and
prickly
climbers.
.ry^gSekîfbS
Spargel,
and
Alparago,
Ual
,
is
one
of
the
oldest
and
most
delicate
cuil..
.,..'^
abundant
in
.he
.nland
on
the plains
.ca-shores
ill dilVereut
parts
ofGreece.
Britain and
in manywasparts
of Europe,
anaboth
much
esteem
among *
^S.
landv
inis Russia,
Turkev,'by
and
Asparagus
in, mentions
biwhich
mentions
aa sort
Ra< a
Kornaus.
It
much
praised
Cato
and
Columella,
and
Pliny
sort
willen grew
g1^"
:'~earwat^.
^.*,
gl,
a
pound.
It
is
equally
byParis,
the
nl
deep sandy country, three shoots of which would weigh great extent roundadmire.1
admired
London,
and
assiduously
cultivated
in
privat
the
market
gardens
round
'r0"*
^^
and
In no part
of the world
is it gr.
t: the
hD soil
.il i, an sandy
sanriv loam,
oam. deeply
deei.ly trenched
trencnea, an^
a well
parish
of Morllake
is particlili
ed out till the plants stand six inches apart in tilt
.
manured;
the
seed
iesown
in
d
Round Paris
Vienna more pains are taken in preparing the, *c,son,sand,
uy manure,
= .
are
a foot
asunder.
Pa... and
.of turf,
lions
and
filling
them
with
layers
durable
manure,
as
bones,
hoots,
and
it maj
&c.
though
ontheysuch
lastprofitable
longer thanto ontheour's,
they
... :, but
uu.
uiuugn plantations
sueaarebeds
justly
be
questioned
whether
er
equally
cultivator.
deteriorated
thai
the culinary
preparations ofIt isasparagus
areandfew,served
its very delicate
flavorwith
rather
Deingmi . rwlthth'
improved
by powerful
best and
bodedserved
be eaten
butter
points
of the
shoots cuttistes
in small pieces,
up as alone,
green topease.
It is esteemed
diuriuc, , n T
0on l
ses
edge, imootli, Panicle limpie
lower renexed,
rcficued, Filan
Fihm. rumoui
at * Ig Prickly, Keei ST
Sasaasriasisss
SSS
'" '' "uc.
g * iol.Uy, BranenT' 15jM unequal. Flower, few

HM many-ll. axil!,
S' S"""
J 5S 'if *~ bundled
.... Leave*
nianiR'iiPrickles
subulaterecurved
otanenes clustered
rounded,
setaceous
- solitarylinear
lanceolate,
Stem
wavy,
*W3| oval sub-erectplain. Raceme Ion? cylindrical, lmete hooked back upon then-wlvc*
S LttY,, 1,n"
\ 'ne
obliquely
ciliated bent smooth, Flowers nodding
un lanceolate smooth channelled at base, Flowers erect
ni1dge-shaped
smooth,
few-Bowered
SS i*"" linear
"KeoUtc
smooth
wavy.Scape
Peduncles
horiioiital
*waves
lanceolate
half-round
Leavei Umadlanceolate erect much shorter than scape, Peduncles very long
' Preies, said to bertnaled,

in the Sepals
gardens about
*mi22j.^ltKrePnchiinnt'lle(l
the London
lenuth
ofstamens
>*wRlaiicous, Racemelax, Sepals
linear muchovalspreading
longer
than etam.
M
niws
..-re
theyaareloollo rem'5'
m Hie alley, , , '";
i ihU.."?. the ai,Ac-t , [Verton
J.hii.iilnie
dl^r'i?,"."": Iifl"
' commueIberlaiagihooS
good for ten or
Class VI.
S84
8194874,methystinu
HYACIN W. Amthyst-col.
M. Hactvrn.S or % Asphodle.
ap.my
4875 orientis W.
garden
or \ mr.ap t^fiSSr^B
JAOdG*' ?'. 1774 Lp Red. W. 203
820 ZUCCAG'NIA. Tkunb. ZuccAONl*.
4876 viridis Thunb. grecn
tf iAl 01
Asphodles. Sp.b-fft - Bot mag. 734
GHAPB-HYACINTH.
821.
MUSCAHI.
.
M.
mag.
t or 4 my levant 59& . Bot
musk
4877f.avum
moschtum
.
M.
reg.
3941505
t
or
yellts
. M.
my Br.pu
Crimea
1822. JO.I BoL
Bot
mag.
S
Europe
ciliated
4878
cilitum
Cur.
Moris.s.4.tll.f2
tft
purple
4879 eomsum
..
L.
1
ap.my
hburope
.
or
%
my
Pa.B
Crimea
8
s.
feathered
monstrsiim
tt oror J* ap my Italy 1695 g j Bot
pallid
4880pllens
Flack.
Bot mag.
mag. 157
122
blue
4881
t or % Europe -
4882 botryoides
racemsum..M.M. starch
lex. So. SS- 1795. s.1 JacicS-tOT
Laciibnalia. lAlpr 1 AsphoA
1822, LACHENA'LIA. sea-preen
C.C.G.H.
G. H. 1751 1 Bot mag. 12
mr.ap G.w
488.
glaucina
W.
O.Y
Hot icreg.2.287t 382
tf lAll'r 1 \ tap
Orchis-like
17*2. 15.1 Jac
4884
orchiodee
l'a
.
G. H.
mr.ap
pale-flowered
tf
iAI
P'
1812.
4886
pallida
If. . Hyacinth-flow, LJpr 1 mr.ap W.R
CG.
H.
Bot.
.1
1793.
48Sfi
nyacinthnldcs
W
C.
G.
H.
I
ap.my
Kot. mag.
mag- 735
1*"
narrow-leaved tftf lAJpr
s.1 Jac.ic2.t384
1774.
44i7
pk
C.C. G.G. H.
lAll'r j i f.mr
!.1
1795.
4888 angustiflia
rontamitiata contaminated
W.pk
H.
ap.my
Bot
reg.
302
eprcading-flow.
S
iAJ
!>'
1798.
W.i CG.
H. 1806. el Bot mag. 1373
49 ptula
1 mr.my Pk
sweet-scented tf lAll'r
4890
mag.
1372
lAlpr )J my.jn
1798. 8.1Li Bot
4891 ft-grans
unicolor jV. self-colored
Pk g C.C.C. G.
G.G. H.
H.
BoL mag.
mag-
mr.my
glossv-leaved tftf lAlpr
1811. 8-1 Bot
W
H.
48!
lcida
M
Jmy
lAlpr
starcb
1790.
48
racemsa
1 ja.ap W.u C.G H. 1798. 8.1 Bot
mag
tftf lAlpr
i-. I iJurpireo-ciprd..M
pustulta . . !. blistered
mag. "*-L
H07
lAlpr 1 ap.my BP C.C. G.G. H.
purple-blue
8.18.1 Bot
1810.
4895
H.
Jac.
ic.
2 Ljg
1
1
nerved-leavcd tftf lAlpr
1795.
C.
G.
H.
4896
nervosa
.
M.
1
mr.ap
Bot
mag.
lAlpr
violet
6.1
1813.
4897
violceaB.I
PK C. G. H.
S iAI prPr 1 ' mr.ap
cowled-leaved
1800. 8-18.1 Bot
H.
4S98
bifolia
Bot rep.
mag t.296
ap.my W.u C.C. G.

rose-colored tftf iAJ
1795.
G.
H.
4899
rsea
B.
/<*p.
pr 1i mr.ap
8.18.1 Botrcp.460
1804.
M00
unifolia .. . sessile-flowered tf iAI
Jac.ic.2
lM
RW.pu C.C. G.G. H.
my.jn
tAlpr
1804.
4901 sessilillra
H.
pr 1 J my.jn
c(junl-flowered tftf iAI
8.1 Jacic-ratl.tfil
4902 iiopclala .
K.V CG.
H 1774.
mag. If4
three-colored tf lAlpr
1774. 11.1 Bot
C.G.
H.
4903
tricolor
.
1 ap.my
ap.my V.B
Bot
cab.
lAlpr
yellow
R.Y
C.
G.
H.
4904
lutola
Jacq.
1789.
*
mr.my
Bot
mag.267993
lAlpr
pendulous
lSn.'i.
8.1
R
C.
G.
H.
40.')
jiemiula
Jacq.
tftf iAI
pr }1 S.O
Bot. rep. 1
dotted-flower'd
8.1
1771
Se.y
C.G.
H.
490
rtibida
.
mr.ap
lAlpr
4907 quadricolor Jacq. four-colored _lpr ; au pk Spain
.1
4.* scrlina Jacq.
Ute, Hyacinthui,
Propagation,who
Culture,
819. Huarinllmi.
Every one
knowiHistory,
the fable
was
andcon<*Jt
,|,c
flower.
Bochart,which
however,
remarking
the ofancienU
applied
namekillet]
a byredApollo
flower,certainly
11 8uh
)}ir':,.ntlv
Arabic yagbut,
xignifies
red, has that
something
to do with
thethename.
Ato conjecture
learned,
but leeisplausible.
H. oricntalis
the
origin
of oneItofis our
finestofflorist's
flowers,
and, likeabout
the tulip
and and
narcissus,
1- consif(1 it
derable
commerce
to the
Dutch.
abeen
native
the East,
and
abundant
Aiepio
Hagnat,
flowersiu
Feliruary.
It
seeine
to
have
first
cultivated
as
a
flower
by
the
Dutch
;
but
when
is
^ ^n,
Most
proliably
in
the
beginning
of
the
sixteenth
centurv,
soon
after
the
revival
of
commerce^în
the
we*
ro|e,
the ofmerchants
of Holland
the eastern
the Mediterranean
the l ^
Altfiutwhen
the end
the sixteenth
centurytraded
theretowere
seven shores
or eightof varieties
known in and
England.
Swertius, in his Florilegium, fieured forty varieties ; Miller 8ay8 the Haarlem florists in lu* time (sa) - )f
had
varieties,
and though
for this sorts
flowerarchasannually
grcallv declined,
half above
that number.
In England
threetheorpassion
four hundred
im|Hirtedthey
fromhave
the slid
uuici"P"
.
"
.
.L--.-.
.ndbvbnght_
bv'yAhSoShvacin.h
the seedsmen.
. ,_.
is enaractcrized ^^^SS^f^l^ 1^
colors.
The fundamental
varieties are ^^^^^^^Jî
y^'lMtf rth
someor flft "'"'"heirt
mal-v
dillbrent
rilada
and
variegaUons.
A
variety
degenerates
11
0
deteriorate.!after
upward,
of a century.
raise.!friends,
from scpublicami_characters,
floer
celebrated names
the growers
or theirVarieties
patrons, are
favorite
? f'^hyacm'th
.re culture
.m in October,
after theyab^S^*^^S^^g
remainare
three
vear, w.th
other
covering
< M
they
transplantcl
intonobeds,
where theythan
remain
two orwith
three"1
years ongciJS^
t ni t,hc hulta have
^ jjMJP
flusoil
i.
eLentiallv
a
very
sandy
loam
and
veeetalile
mouldbed, and
(ksM
of W-*"
made to the depth of two feet, and at the bottom ot the
a layer
of six or
'6-cleft Clini
If6-cleft
veril
76 Leavn lineu channelled longer than cape
77 Flowen cylindrical orate uniform horizontal subscssile
4*
Flowen camp,
cylindrical halfR-cIeft,
Pedunc.
in fruitsterile
very onlongvery
undlong
horiiontal
?J Flowers
cylindricalangular
on long stalks,
the upper
sulk*
WDFlowencampan
cylindrical,
Limb
erect
shorter
than
tube,
leaves
Un.
lane,
erect
llover
Flowen ovate
glolwteuniform
uniformclustered
; the lower
LeavesLeaves
luie.ir upright
channelled
: theremote,
upper sessile,
lax. dependent
linear
^ lb .
. ueûuem linear
-shorter
* at end,leaves
Lvk. Oil,
.,on^ asthan
the inner
|.JS
Plants Hl"hp,;C!h".
_,
"* **
SSSH,0",'"-The
""S 4i,l,! ,"""!
907
286
Cuss VI.
823.
PHOR'MIUM.
Fl.st.-i.ilt. [| Aiphoielcx.
L 1788. Up Cook, it v.l t96
"tun
W. W. Iris-leaved
au G.W Sp.
N. Zeal.
824.
CYANEL'LA.
W.
Cyasella.
Atphodelc.
Sp.
24. 17SS. Bot. mag. 58
110
purple-flower.
pr 11 jLau
11 capnsis
ltea . IF.
yellow-flowered g lAJ
lAlpr
JLau Y . G.
G. H.
H. 1788. Bol mag. 1S2
825
LEONTICE.
1W. oak-loaved
Lsovnc. Jt cu 1 Bcrbcridc.
Sp.53. 1740. D Lp M. his. 1 tl.f7
4912
chrysogonum
mr.jn
Y
Levant
4913 Leontoptalon W. Lion's-Icaf AlAlcu 1 ap.my Y Levant 1597. D e.l.p M. his. S. tl5. f.6
26.
Mich. |nun
1i 1755. D sp Mic Am. 1. 1. 21
4914CAULOPHYL'LUM.
thalictroldcs Ph. Columbine-Ivd.
^ cu | Bcrberidrx.
my Y.o Sp.
N. Amer.
827.
i pr J .
1. 1811 D Lp Bot mag. 1
4915DIPHYLLE'IA.
cymsa Mich. Mich.
blue-berried
rniyjn W N.Sp Amer.
828.
PRI'NOS.
'.IK. .
Rhamncx.
Sp.6.
491f>
vcrticillatus
deciduous
or
6
jLau
W
N.
Amer.
17.*. LL i.p
30
4917
Ph.
Carolina
... W
14 Dend
Dend. bril
mit
4918 amlnguus
Uevigatus Ph.
smooth
oror 44 jl.au
\V Carolina
N. Amer. 1812.
... L Its
Dend.
brit S9i
4919 lanceoltue Ph. scarlet-berried
Jn.jl W
/.
evergreen Ik oror 4ljjl.au
W Carolina
Canada 1811.
1759. LL Its
It.s Bot cab. 450
S492I lcidus IF.
shining
m | or 2 jn.jl W
1778 L Its
t*S!?^BEil'.BKR,,,5. A fr 8 Jkrbcridex.
1038.bu. pL L Eng. bot
4922 vulgaris W. W- common
apmy Y Sp.
England

purpL ./rucd * fr 8 apmy Y
\_ L
...
.
nmUeJnUtd
k
fr
8
apmy
Y
?.J
n';!'"t,f.,PhCanada
a orfr 4 jLau
my YY T.del
CanadaFne. 1791.
1759. Leo
L .
4924
ihLfoia
W.
Holly-lcaved
Scre,c
retan
6 apmy Y Candia 1759. LL
FI. grspe 3K
UM ibinca (F.
Siberian
S r 1 j.j| y Siberia 17<X L Bot. reg. 487
S
em?rgra!f
"argate
or
3
apmy
Y
Siberia
1790.
Geo
4928 sinensis 7>j/
Chinese
Si or 4 apmy Y China 1815. Geo Dend. brit 2
4929
tasrieuUns
am oror 106 ap.my
apmy YY Nepal
California 1820.
1819. Ceo
Bot mag.
Jfce.Dec. clustered
Nepal
Hook.
ex. 2
. SS
hetcrophylla Jnu. various-leaved or 4 apmy Y Magellan 1805. L Hook. ex. t 1*
' 8Q-,,N,ANPI'N*
".. l_J or 6 .
4932 domestica If "' garden
jn.jl G.Br Sol.
China J804. Cp.l Bot mag. 1109
8';..,C('SSJ.G';;',A**
Cwo.
Sapiadaccx.
p.nnta JSt
pinnated
a or 10 ... .. Sp.1.
Mauritius 1824. p.1
îa""''1-*S
,long-fiocred
|1".
!5
fror W
W Sp.
VV. Indies 1795.
17R9. s.p
49. tetrandra (F.
mo ntain -
n_ Q or 11I jnjl
Jamaica
s.p Bot
s s mag.
II 7211..
s*910
. . 4911
t., 4932
4934
4913 '
P/iormiiim
Fro
History,l"
Use, pkllt
Propagation,
and823Norfolk
Island "??'|,1.'
"cnd UPCuthire,
numerous loaves, which In New Zealand
cordage
and
coarse
linen,
,.
.
,
,1ftSMmg
i <". Al[.bread
themLevant
and made
inw
of Europe. The plant Ihm es in in. ,' 1 1 V' ''" "
Agave,is separated
and Lilicea!fromin the
and south
air about Cork, wlicre thoughts 1,',,J'K H ""creases rendit by offtets, and is said to stand the oora
ever,
by some
"f ll!"'g
" individuals
" sulistituterespecting
for flax. itsThecultivation,
experimenU,
fided.which have been made
",e in _
Holland
spirited
have.10;-all
".*&****tiaJ!Si'"mm' "*' m "Ilusin to the color of the flowers of some species aliare
Ix.wse'the'.'ra, of 'eaesw. iwI"'"- ,,V"<-ent name ; from lu,, a bon, and ici, a leaf,
8
Cnulorhyllum.
Fron^ sTstm
'''6'" o.nsemble *thelcatprintIuof1,
a lion'sarcfoot
"
" 1 ""Ei3
so terminated by the stalk,
8 j^Thto^^1
lia. inever
two leaves.
Mrongly
toothed leaves of that ,,hnt Th . 1"*" The Plant ,mk
fr"mmore
*<<than
t saw,
on account of the
5? i8ht s?
are *hrun* r ,iltlc ua"l)r 1 uut ot lhQ casicst cu
ne anST
MMr<STb^j^S!te-^^
fe ^^^,<>.
is the
namereputed
of thisenemv
plantto the
B. vulgaris
U St
'"
a Arabic
comarefanner.
in,i01"'"
Wui"h
(nan;
SIS
'."",h' the
f""""c'
" auiumii,
itdi,"faa >he
tine dowers
object is oirensive
The leaves
of a
at a rtai
tis,.
The |S
'n,c "n"1'
when near,
cullivaled for tl e sake
fK,' >vr>' "L''- ""at birds seldom touch them. The berberry,
".'.'i'near.formamo.t, agreeable
,rLl' le rrob|?orjelly
n'' ,"!?they|,cklci'
"sl as agarnishing
dishes;
are used likewise
sweetmeat,
and areandputto0*1
ttM
:IJ
-i..i
rA.
agreeable
110
rcatnngeul
arid,
ag'
of JI11
,|u
sugar-plums
or
comfits,
As
a
medicine
the
fruit
is
considered
a
1
le acUU) incolour
hot bilious
a puttkl
stomach, andTheof clncac
: and disorders,
in Polandand
theyill dye
leather M *a nn. ,||,
.
roots I
in a lye yield aa yellow
yellow
0 ft
287
Srafe
. ,, uutceoiai
BLavepion*ted,
Leaflets
whorled
lanceolate
acute
3-pointed
BDmnatM
T
,
.
..
Radical leave* tatmate; cauline tmate, Fruit ovate
*y|*Cauaeleaftternate; floral biternate
413 Quiteimooth, Leaves palmate angular lobed serrated with taper-pointed lobe
*|6 Leave*obovite lanceolate acuminate doubly serrated. Veins beneath hairy
Leworal pointed
at each
eud mucronate
pubescentbeneath,
Female flowers solitary
BuntsUnceuL
emited
acuminate
smoothserrated
onserrulate
eachacute
side.
Flowers
allquite
6-clcftsmooth,
va
lanceol.
very
finely
and
distantly
at
each
end
Male flow. 3-androm
*M)Lealanceol
smooth smooth
serratedsomewhat
at end serrated at end
Leava ellipticalobL
acuminate
serrated at en
i? (intt 1 p.
nootn some
jcnijtcmporariefc,
l'ns not met wit h
U(tllt rtJut
II EXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
288
t"833. RICHARDIA. L.
Richaabia.
$4936 scbra L.
rough
834. CANARI'NA. W.
4937 Campnula W.
rt. [..." w
Rubiaceae. Sp. 1.
2 s
W
Vera Cruz ...
*- LAJ or
Campanulaceae. Sp. 1.
3 ja.mr O
Canaries 1696. R. r.m. Bot. mag. 444
CANARINA
Canary
835, FRANKE'NIA. W. SEA-HEAru.

4:38 la'vis W.
smooth
* A cu
4939 Nthria W.
Cape
if u/\l cu
4:40 hirsuta W.
hairy
y: A cu
4941 pulverulenta W
t836. PEP/LIS. py.
494.2 Prtula W.
powdery
r: A cu
Frankeniaceae. Sp. 4-16.

+ jLau
F
England salm.
jn.au F
C. G. H. 1816.
+jn.jl
L.B Siberia
1789.
+ jl
R
England seaco.
C. Lo
*: O cu
Lam ill t .254
D s! Eng.: bot: 205

D. s.l
D. s.l
D s.l
Salicariae. Sp. 1-2.

+ jls
Pu Britain wat. pl. S aq
WArea PURslane.
Connnnon
CLAss WI.
Be... c. 171. t. 1.fs

Fl. graec. 343
Eng bot. 2-3
Eng. bot. 121
DIGYNLa.
837. ORY/Z.A. W.
4943 sativa W.
Rice.
Gramineae.
All Tag
Conrnon
2 jl
Sp. 1.
Ap
Indies 1596. S aq Cat. car. 1. t. 14
838, ATRAPHAXIS. W. ATRAPHAxis.

Polygoneae. Sp. 2-3.
* spins: ".
prickly
*-ua cu 2 au
Ap
Levant
4945 undulta W.
waved-leaved
n-u
cu
2 jn.jl
Ap
C. G. H.
1732. C 1.p IDend brit. 110

1732. C l.b. Dil. e. t. S. f*
4939
lo,

833. Richardia. So named by Houston, after Richard Richardson, an English botanist. Cuttings root in
sand under a glass.
834. Canarina. That is to say, a plant native of the Canaries. This plant, Sweet observes, is very desir
able, as it flowers in autumn and winter, when few other plants are in bloom. After flowering, the stem lies
down, and the roots continue dormant all the summer, when they need but little water. When they begin to
they had better be placed in the stove, as they will not flower so abundantly in the greenhouse.
A light
oamy soil suits them best, or a mixture of loam and peat; and they are readily increased by dividing the roots,
or from cuttings planted in the same kind of soil under a hand glass (Bot. Cult. p. 162.)
835. Frankenia. In honor of John Frankenius, professor of botany at Upsal, who first enumerated the plants
of Sweden in Speculum Botanicum, 1638, and Speculum Botanicum Renovatum in 1659.
836. Peplis. One of the Greek names of the Purslane. The plant now so called resembles the Purslane in
some points.
#"
. From the Arabic word Aruz, the Greeks coined their word **wa, and the various modern
nations of Europe their rice, riz, reis, &c.

sativa, the common rice, has the culm from one to six feet in
length, annual, erect, simple, round, jointed. Leaves subulate-linear, reflex, embracing, not fleshy. Flowers
in a terminating panicle. Calycine leaflets lanceolate. Valves of the corolla equal in length; the inner valve
even, awnless; the outer twice as wide, four-grooved, hispid, awned. Style single, two-parted.
O. mutica, the dry or mountain rice, cultivated in Ceylon, Java, and of late in Hungary, has the culm three
feet high, and more slender. Fruit longish, with awns the longest of all. It is sown on mountains and in
dry soils; rots with a long inundation, and perishes with sea water.
'' varieties of rice, as of other cultivated grain, are as numerous as the different soils, climates, and other
physical circumstances, in which it is cultivated: besides the dry rice, the chief sorts, by some considered spe
cies, are the O. praecox, or early rice, and the O. glutinosa, or clammy rice, both cultivated in irrigated lands.
The native place of rice, like that of the other sorts of grain in common use, is unknown; it is cultivated in great
abundance all over India, where the country will admit of being flooded; in the southern provinces of China,
in Cochinchina, Cambodia, Siam, Japan, &c. In Japan it is very white, and of the best quality. It has also
been introduced into cultivation in the southern kingdoms of Europe, Italy, Spain, the south of France, and
within a few years into Hungary and Westphalia. . In Carolina it has long been a staple commodity.
Houghton's account of its introduction there is, that Ashby was encouraged to send a hundred pound bagfull
of rice to that province, from which, in 1698, sixty tons were imported into England. Dalrymple says, that
rice in Carolina is the result of a small bag of paddy,

as a present from Dubois, treasurer of the East
India Company, to a Carolina trader. A Dutch vessel also, from Madagascar, brought rice into the same pro
vince; and to this is attributed their having two kinds. (riental Repertory, 1.)
In the hilly parts of Java, and in many of the Eastern islands, the mountain rice is planted upon the sides of
'''
hills, where no water but rain can come; it is, however,

in the beginning of the rainy season, and
reaped in the beginning of the dry season. The natives call it Paddy Gunung, which signifies mountain rice.
It is entirely unknown in the western parts of India, but it is well known in Cochinchina, where it thrives in
dry light soils, mostly on the sides of hills, not requiring more moisture than the usual rains and dews supply,
neither of which are frequent at the season of its vegetation.
There is a kind of hill rice which is hardy enough to grow on the edge of the Himalayan snows. It is al
to be expected, that this will, at some future time, prove an acquisition of value to the European
cultivator.
Rice is extensively cultivated in the East Indies and China, and chiefly on low grounds near large rivers,
OR*ER I.
289
4936 The only species, Leaves lanceolate ovate rough

4937 The only species, Leaves stalked hastate toothed
4938 Flowers solitary, Petals repand obtuse, Leaves linear ciliated at base
4939 Flowers fascicled, Petals acute, Leaves linear ciliated at base
4940 Flowers fascicled, Petals repand obtuse, Leaves linear oblong hairy at base
4941 Flowers solitary, Petals subrepand, Leaves roundish ovate powdery beneath
4942 Flowers hexandrous axillary solitary, Flowers stalked rounded ovate
DIGYN.I.A.
4944 Prickly
404.5 Unarmed. Leaves wavv
whicn are liable to be annually inundated, and enriched by the deposition of mud. According to Sir Geor
Staunton's account, the Chinese obtain two crops of rice in a year from the same ground, and cultivate it in
this way from generation to generation on the same soil, and without any other manure than the mud de
posited by the water of the river used in overflowing it. After the waters of the inundation have withdrawn,
a few days are allowed for the mud to get partially dry; then a small spot is enclosed by a bank of clay slightly
ploughed and harrowed, and the grain, previously steeped in dung, diluted with animal water, is then sown
very thickly on it. A thin sheet of water is immediately brought over it, either by a led stream, or the chain
pump. Thus a seed-bed or nursery is prepared, and, in the meantime, the remainder of the tract is preparing
for being planted. When the plants are six or seven inches high, they are transplanted in furrows made by
the
so as to stand about a foot
every way; water is then brought over them, and kept on till the
crop begins to ripen, when it is withheld; so that when harvest arrives the field is quite dry. It is reaped with
a sickle, threshed with a flail or the treading of cattle, and the husk taken off by beating it in a stone mortar,
or passing it between two flat stones, as in a common meal mill. The first crop being cut in May, a second is
Immediately prepared for by burning the stubble, and this second crop ripens in October or November. After
removal, the stubble is ploughed in, which is the only vegetable manure such lands can be said to receive from
man in Japan, Ceylon, and Java, according to Thunberg, Davis, and Raffles, aquatic rice is cultivated
nearly in the same manner. Mountain-rice is grown much in the same way as our barley.
In Lombardy and Savoy rice is sown on rich lands, the sower often wading to the knees in water: one crop
a year only is obtained; but four crops are often taken in succession. In America a similar practice obtains.
In Westphalia, and some other parts of the south of Germany, rice has long been cultivated; there it is
sown on lands that admit of irrigation; but the water is not admitted till the seed has germinated, and it is
withdrawn, as in Italy, when the crop comes into flower. From long culture in a comparatively cold country,
the German rice has acquired a remarkable degree of hardiness and adaptation to the climate; a circumstance
which has frequently been alluded to as an encouragement to the acclimating of exotics. It is found,
Dr. Walker remarks (Essays on Nat. Hist.), that rice seeds direct from India will not ri
in Germany at all,
and even that Italian or Spanish seeds are much less early and hardy than those ripened on the spot.
In Hungary rice has not been long cultivated: the mountain sort has chiefly been tried, and that in the
manner of our barley or summer-wheat.
In England a crop of rice has been obtained near Windsor, on the banks of the Thames.
In the stove, or in a hot-bed, rice may be grown in pots of rich soil placed in pans of water, and in August
they may be set in the greenhouse, or under any glass roof open at the sides, and they will produce perfect
grains.
. By far the best imported rice is that from Carolina: it is larger and better tasted than that of India, which
is small, meagre, and the grains frequently broken.
As an article of diet, rice has been extolled as superior
almost to any other vegetable: but, whatever it may be in warmer climates, where it is a common, and to
many persons almost their only food, it does not appear so well calculated for European constitutions as the
Potatoe; for we find that the poor constantly reject the use of rice when potatoes are to be had; and whilst
these can be obtained, we may venture to predict, that rice will always be considered in this country, rather as
sweet condiments, spices, fruit, &c. than as ordinary food. (Willich's Family
t!/clopaea
';# be eaten with
838. Atrapharis. A name given by the Greeks to the Atriplex of the Latins; derived from a, privative, and
****, to nourish; that is to say, a plant yielding no nourishment. Cuttings root freely in sand under a
glass; but the plants are of neither beauty nor curiosity.
HEXANDRIA TIUGYNIA.
Class
TRIGYNIA.
Janeas T Sp.l.
Skp.l RciliL8.
FI-AGEI-LA'RIA.
W.
Flageiaaria.
44:> indica W.
Indian
* cu 7 ]n.jl W India 1782.
.
8*0.
SCHEUCHZE'RIA.
W.
Sciieuchzeria.
sp. bo. 3 ras Eng. bot.
447 palustris W.
marsh
cu 4 my.jn Br
Sp.
3
Ali&naccte.
Eng.
bot
841.
TRIGLOTHIX.
Arrow Grass. ec 1 jl.au c; Hritain wa.me SS m.s
Bot.
mag.
4t>44
pnlintrc IV.. M. W. imrsli
Britain
G. H. K.
1806,m S s.p
m.s
Enebol.
V'ilnilbsum
bulbous-rooted *3 ,AI
i'u 11 omy.au Pu
G
4950 maritimum W.

S al Bot mag
842.
LICHTENSTEI'NIA.
W.
Liciitevsteivia.
4951 Uvifriu W.
smooth
lAJ pr
. lUSt
841
MYBSIPHYL'LUM.
fV.en. Myrsiphyllum.
R rnr.o .w*co.h. . RR s.p
> ru. p- IV.
4952
aspurnioides
W.
en.
broad-lcaved
495J augustitliuin IV. narrow-leaved &_<g ,]
lAJ cu
cu 6 mr.d G.W C.G. H. Irai
Melanthaccx.
Sp. 27\bgs.m. S nu Eng. bot
841.
TOFIEI/.
Tofieldia. cu jjl.au

S m-8 PL ma. t
495-*
SmithMich.Hud. downy
Scotch
41)55 alpina
pubsceiis
f cu J ap.my W N. Amer. 1(90.
/.
Sp.
6Ii.
Ol
tS45. MEI.AVTHIUM. L. Mklantiiiiim. lAIcu
1 t
" Vv*
S Solador OO 1.1e.p Car.
4956
dwarf
mv.jn
mai
.,, .
lAlcn 1 Jjn.n
4957 pmilum
RTamfncumtV prissy
C..H. 1788. s.p Bot
La. ill- 1
nsli-lcavcd
lAIcu
495S
jneeura
.
W
C.G.H.
1812.
1
n.n
Botma
side-flowering
I. Y G H. Ii87. Botma
4959
eoci'iijilum H'.
vollow
iAI
|1 ou
cu i jlljl
4fh0unirum
.
. G. H. 1788.
.
branching lAI " I Smilacece.
4tiI viridc
Sp.}.
Q R s-p Bot. ma
Medkola.
Jjn
Y.o
Virginia
S4, MEDE'OLA. W.en Indian
Cuoum. cu Melanlhacex. Sp. 1. 9.
4962 virRinica .
Mick. Xerophyllum.cu 2 my.jn W N. Amer. 1823. r s-p Bot. mr
847.
bristle-leaved
4!Xv)XEROPHYL'LUM
.etillum T.
.
si.1 Bot.
WlRMllEA. 1] cu mrJn
848.
WURMBE'A.
L. K-ll-flowcred
17.
W ..Sp.G. 3.H.
Bot m;in;
I78S.
4964
loiifiiflra
JK
Pu
H.
spiked
lAIcu a
17.K.
4!IV".
picita
/.
iny.jn Br.T . G. H.
spotted-flower. lAIcu Mflanttmcc.
4966ANDKOCYM'BIUM.
capensis W.
Sp. I. 1794. Bot. m
844
W. AsDaocvMntuM.
457 cucomides W. dwarf
lAl cu mr.my G C. G. H.
r s.p Bot m
850.
TRII/L1UM.
Teili.h-m.
i ... Rr
N.
Amer.
1759.
W. Ph.W. . sessile.lcavcd
It
Hr
N.
Amer.
1811.
.p Bot. m
4'i -ssilc
petioltum
Plantain.lcavcd oror /..m
.
W
N.
Amer.
181.
+170
ervtbrotrpum
Mi
nainlod-nowcr.
or
It s.p
{
my
n
P.Pu
N.
Amer.
i
4"7I
ovtum
Ph.
pun>lc-llower.
or
imV.jn
R
'
Carolina
181
Botn
47
pmilum IK
Ph.
dwarf
N. Amer. 17& RR s.p
Bot n
47.12 urmium
drooping-ow. oror il\ np.my
Amer. 1759. R s.p
ap.my W
Br N.
s.p
Bot
4!)74jS cretum
W.
stinking
or
N.
i
ap.my
W
R
s.p
wtHte-flowered 1 ali.niy w N. Amer. 18(15 R ap W.bt

Par. 1
4975
pendulum
Ph.
pendulous
*i
N.
Amer.
1799
4"7ti grandiflrum Ph. largcflowercd or J apjn VV
4960/
m ^HO. From W,,,

a tliong,Vk,in Propagation,
allusion to th.,
length, toughness, ^d
so
ressor
mathematics
at .
Zurich,b,i^t^^%^Z*b
auilror
It nera
Alpni.iant, auu j . t [hc ,rce anglti -of we
a famou,
Treati-o on Grassy.
curious little
marsh^p
8*1. THslochm.
Fromof ,,
three,species,
and J/A*f,
" an early' bit0
domestic
cattle are fond
tfic liardy
which afflinl
one the sides of H'S"1'1".
and84iareI.ichtenil.m,ia
greedily eaten where
they
occur
in saltlachten!
marshes. n, a p-iwlan a'ilusi
traveller at the Cape ol. v
Named
after
M.
Von
84i . From ^-s-.'"i, a myrUe, and f*)., a leat, in an to the resemblam.
leaves
the species Named
and thosebyofHudson,
myttle, after a Mr. Tolicld,
\,- a country
844. of.
coum , gcnUeman Uvin:
III
HEXANDItlA TIUCVNIA.
L 'c'< Leave, cirriious at end

i i nahyjqualic plant
5?1""|"^1 liner
nt end
i ' : Theonlyspecies, Sepal* very narrow
V '- Leaves ov.ito cudate at base oblique
fciiiLeavesattentate ovate-lanceolate
*5HSmooth,
Flowers leaf-stalks
Cluster! indowny
spikes,allSepal*
i .i Scoperachiand
over obtuse, Capsule* obbtiz
Leave*lanceolate
bearded at base.
Stem
.'l-flowered,
Sciais ei-ssile
Lornlinear
Sttmli-M, UM
unlirica;cd
Krassy,dilated
Flowers
sessileSpike
68
<|.
the
upper
at
base,
wavy, Sepals with clawa
*M0bava linear. Spike one-sided. Sepals with claw*
M
Lewe La lane longer than one-flowered stem, Sei>al* lane. With claw*
fc<61 fcdunclcsooe-tlowcfedcernuous
LeiTcs whorledin the middle ofstem, in threes at the iummit
Leavesofthe stem setaceous
Smiteraanv-flowered
longer than
leaves,Tube
Tubeshorter
twicethan
as long
as limb
Leaves lanceolate hooded
eli:iiinelled
upright,
stellate
limb
M Leweslanceolate
*T Leave, oblong lanceolate cucullate
Flowertct&ilc
erect, Petals
lanceolate
erect twice
long aslonger
calyx calyx
W
Flower iewile erect,
erect asaacute
little
mSulkofduver
nearlyPetal*
erect,linear
Petalslanceolate
oval-lanceolate
recurvedthan
about twice as long as narrow caiy x
3^lk
offlower erect.
erect, Petals
Petals scarcely
oblong acute
spreading
a little
longeruvalthan
calyx..Uuse NN
Silkofdower
longer
than
calyx,
leaves
oblmig
Jblalkof indinine;,
recurved.
Petals lanceolate
acuminate
Hat rflexe!
lengthbroailct
and breadth
calyx
v \ofDower
nodding, Petal*
scarcely
longer butthemuch
than calyx
f'\I ' rlower pendubus,
Petalsspatulate-laiiceolate
ovate with a shortpoint,
rounded
rhomboid
acuminate subscssilo
cernuous, Petals
erect atLeavee
base much
lonacr
than calyx
^^^^ N f - nee
.'h 'ught not to possi-sa.
*
' ' dl,'il ofthe * i ojSrti

U3
lb4f do on a
Class VI.
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
292
Metanthace. Britain
Sp. 7. mead. O s-p Eng. bot 133
Meadow-Saffro*.
tan. Colchicum. \v. common
Britain
mead.
4977 autumnle W. whUe-fiowercd A mm * . Pu
W
Hungary
1816. OO s.p
S-P p].rar.n.S.tl79
album W. en sana
Bot mag.
3 A oror v Pu
LeVnt
18
4978 arenrium
Pu
mag. 11
lira
broad-lcaved
1 g .p
Bor,
4079 byziitimira B. m. chequer-flower. $ au.o Pu Greece
Bot
reg.
5*1
Crimea
1819.
p.
4980
variegatum
L.
l'k
J
.
Bol
reg.
571
Crim
5
Crimea
1820,
p.
4981
hich. changeable J i au Pu S. Europe ... O p.i Al pXt7*.
4982 umbreum
versicolor Kcr.
Pu
mounuin
r i Mcfanthareay.
4&5 montnum !..
. 8. 1759. R Bot mag. ICS
HELOSIAS. or _ jl.au
832. HEI/yNlAS. L. spiked-flower.
Y ... Amer.
Bot mag.
1*7
Amer.
4984
ltea 1.M.
mag
803
or 1 ap.my Pu N.
ms.
'"-sspcar-leavtKl
N
Amer. 1758.
1770. RR s.p
sp Bot.
4985nullta
Bot
mag.
1
chaiincl.loavcd
or
im
.
y
X.
Amer.
1811.
R
!
P
3/. B. .V. smooth
Bot
mag.
f ot III my.jn
1811. RR s.p
5 4986
11^7 laCU
^btrAnu
ph. amer.
1. 1
Gi NN Amer.
jf oror Ii my.jn
Amer.
1811.
IP
5+988 bractcta 2f. M. large-bracted
...
W
1813. R P Bot mag- 15K1
4989
tnax
/*A. HKN. tough-leaved
W N.N. Amer.
narrow-leaved oror 21 myjn
Amer.
1812.
R
-
4*)
nngu^tiflia
myjn W
4991 gramnea . M. panicled
Melalhocear.
. 1. 1812. R s.p PLma.t3.Cl
Nolina. 2jLau
.. NOLI'NA Mick. Georgian
W Georgia
4992 georgiana -V.
, . APO.NOOETON.A 123 eu i au.o Pk E. Indies pi Bot
854.
APONOGETON.
Bot. rep
mag.446
4994
mornwtchyon
W. simple-spiked
i*Japs
my.jl VV
.CG.
G. H.
.88. pi
broad-leaved
i/sl
cu
pi Bot mag. 1"
MM
itistchyon
I'.
W
a
1*.
narrow-leaved
11
cu
499-> aiigustiflmm
Palma:. Sp..
SaHal.
+855.
1810.n S s.1 Bot. mag. 1434
499SABAL.
Adansin-P..S. M. Adanson's ES or G jn.au G Sp.Florida
3779.
h t
Dock.
*m.
ku'mex.
Italy
1573.|>1. R Black,
Eng.
Patience
England
sha
4997
Patintia
W.
Eng. bot
bot 15
M
-2 jn.jl
bloody-veined *** <
1
CO
Britain
rubble.
4998
sanguineus
W.
Plu-alin-tjaii.1
mm 2 jn.jl
curled
N.
Amer.
... S eo
+999cris])us
IV.
jn.jl
*
Virginian
N.
Amer.
1771
5000
Britannica
IV. W. Persicaria-like 2 jn.jl
Till pis t57. f.l
5001
persifiinoUlts
1J jn-jl

Egypt
17
SR Eng. bot ;b
Egyptian
KM
gyptiacua
W. dentatcd
;1 jl.au
Britain
salt
ma.
5003
denttus
W.
Eng.botlS
* 2 jl.au
England mar. R Til
golden
501)4
marlliinus
ins. 1 37. L * w 2 jUau
Italy
17! SR c0
5005
palstrw
Sm.W.W. yellow-marsh
jl.au
spreading
Britain
wat.nl.
500t
(livar.ctu*
Eng
bot 9
jn.jl
* dy 23 jn.au
Britain
rubble.
R
sharp
50C7
acitus
W.
** w 2 jn.au
Britain gra.pa.
RR eo Eng. bot 157o
51)08
obturifUua
fK. broad-leaved
Fiddle
17wL
5009pldier
IV.
4
jn.jl
** eu
5)10 confrtus &Ar. close.hcaded
Germany ... R
2 Jl1
wood
5011
Caucasus

3limy
R
5012 nemorsus
conilylties Bieb. whole-colored
^
tu
Brazilian
5018 brasilinsis
tlutmy. Use. Propagation,

Culture, s In abunda taititi-.
M
the^^rSSSi**"'.-'^
"here
IM
inconsidorahl;
l'Iace
~ m' T,?
1"11-'.fl"""s.
am8 -bt*
thiscertainly
hel.i - may
with
r.t ibFffS?
"''1"'.*0'
S? torcgarJ'80"01"
to iubull>.
bu,bs^
"
be- cliassed
that ofothera,",^lk~
a tuih, Ts^ ,
hch in . >
autumnale
is singular,
about theandshape
and
sue ot
ofthe
;3|
'.'.''1'
t,,bcr
of
the
"ld
"'
o
side,
and
clothed
with
the
coal.
From ihn !b fi,!
"inniHl in the.n
following
is tuberous at the base, throws out fibres .tboltoni
likcotUrSlbs
l'1"" manner
Prings, : which
antrom
"Uto"ad
Uni.
,n
lMsom
of
11,0
torm
luber,
which
embraces
it
half
round
Tins
ha.
! loSTmV, hair " c>"indri<: "d 'bbulai, cloven at lop on one side, and halfundcr grunnA
than
the
nwr<
s
ihn
SfG
lh"
1tl,e
without
leave,,
'in
the
mean
time
the
fruits,
much
>
old one, deprived of i , !?, .""n|! of""
"lc "*"
A time
th" H
advancespuihes
the new
olfmce^ral^^r^*,l,^
",0 same
the former
forthtuber
fromincreases,
its base *Ibc
ribed,
bMnTa^lS^Z
.2r!*r!i0mmM,,lr
m.
the
same
tuber;
one
lower,
just
dceareel,flo^,f"r'iuiC',"'era"d,'<!cd ",c
"I*rior, caulescent like the former, but more slender, and
Icavingflan7c*c*mau^
lubes from the root, die orT in the end of October, with!
grow
a St5iS?3
1'"**^. .'
lie of
"""'^
" the winter
ipttaflW
styles upaccount
, ,,, . ,,,.">,1?1?'
tll<! "me
hay-harvest
May within
not thetheverybulb;
greatinlength
of h
year,
and
\<,,^
7,.
"'>'',,,">. .''
? il l
ril"",in?
of ,hc
' A lllU has
l,,a"'contrived
1,losSO,Mits structur
'" such,
that
it
may
be"Si,!
L
""
be?rc
winter,
Providence
as-bove
seedstheburiel
at
such
a
4.
h
V4**
WiEhta
(hc
earth.
of
the
reach
of
the
usual
ell'ects
offrost
an.
surface when iK'
"ot vc,Ketate, a no less admirable i.rovision is made to raise ;then
ney are pofected, ,0 ,ow ,hm , ,
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNA.
(
29
tara M lanceolate crtct
. Root
unacnanoelled
nerved,lane,.Segments
offlower
broadthan
ovaieflower,
witn aNectaries
transversedistinct
nectai
.Bractea
oolong,
Lt'.(\
W8
horizontal, Leaves
erect,
loiter
Scapeleafy,
Raceme
showy
lax,
Brade
membranous,
Leaves
subulate
setaceous
very
han
flower,
Nectaries
distinct
' long
|Q Lsam
Racemegrauy,
oblong Panicleloose,
Ux, Leaves very
long andof flower
narrow,ovate
Cape,acute
oblong
W91
Segments
*SMLm long narrow dry, Flowers racemose
H
Umsvsj,
Spike one
cylindricalfloating, Bractcs entire
*W
Spike
bifid, Leaves
Leaves
linear
bpike
bifid.
linear oblong
lane erect, Bractea bipartite
^Theonlyspecies
, corilate "rc ' \1. grained,
Hermaphrodit:.
Valvct
marked with a grain.
*rvi
leaves lanceolate
ovate
lanceolate
Vm\ i mtirc
cmire:0,181*
one grained.Leaves
Leaveslanceolate
cordate
Svi
wavy
acute
,.i Tovateentire vcinless all grained, Fruit-stalks pendulous, Leave* lanceolate
Ei- , l00thedsetaceous:
aU RTincd,oneLeaves
WVsheitnfld
grainedlanceolate
?,00thcd
aU
IWtolifl,
Uaves
lanceolate
H^|
w vol lanceolategrained,
grainedI-eavcs
toothedlinear
at base, Leaves linear lane. Whorls (listant
tiSmvul00t"ed *"grainwl, leaves cordate-oblong obtuse pubescent
2!?2
a11 *1*
cordate-oblong
acuminate
meVj!5**^
gTaincu, 1<*
Leaves
obtuse
crenate
v*!m toothfd:aI1onegrained.
Radicalcordate
leavesoblong
p imluriform
5&
vi
S?
cordate
rpand:
one
grained,
leaves
cordate oblong wavy at edge
Sil9r!u2oW?niobtll,ecntirc:
one
grained,
Leaves
lanceolate
^3ymeiulanccoL one grained. L
i" Dinare lanceolate
Upper leaves linear-lanccolate
own i fei 5om\
There jr, ,
"WW 499
ba .
,7"! "OUNe-flowercil " , 7,,'

' ' "u ",e 'caves mu
wn since the Amrfm
winte, si ipod.(lowered
purga
wer^
hr
"
lx,
much"
TO, 11__
boon fully asrer n that
im. emcat
els chiefly.
and
mav
bp
iS00"^'*
Mt**t.
nie of h7 ; **-1*S
N. America. Thee
seeds.
'4 '", Oled~ P. . Nota.
ThlTpU
,.. byThi.
,,|an, is
vwi,growlscefreely
tnat if""-). - which it i,
i?
cs,
and
in loom ami peat plunged in i
lUanum.
;ftwato,'avcnomrani"B"PJ' a. a medicine) and sanguineus, were formerly
Cuss VI.
HEXANDRIA TRIGYN4A.
294
... R
% *2 i1jn.jl.. oG
"" . 1821
5014
pjrprcus
Li. purp'e
Ukraine
1822. S
upright
t
5015
strtctus
Lk
2
jn
O
cu
5016 ucranicua Horn. Ukraine
Eng.bot.2IM
Britain
icl.t.4l.f.l
51 Ibra
IUI, . Tiv.na.
RS Ca.
5017
aquSticm H. 1 W. great-water
Flu.alm-t.i-f'
jn
Basil-lcavtxi .*. I I "
5018 bucephalophorus
Canaries
16!$.
V
Africa 165J ..5.1.
22 jn.jl
cu
tree
5019
Lunaria
W.
Fl. gec. Sw
cu 1 jl.au
37.
bladder
6020 veaicrius L.
jl.au Egypt
lttrbary
: Rg Zanon.hiitA"
rose
5021
rseus
W. W.
Mor.otbtS&t
ljjn.
cu
cu
Tangier
France
l
6022
tingitnus
lj jn.jl G . G. H. 1S24.
French-sorrel S 11 CUl
8
scuttus
IV.
1
jl
cu
fleshy-rooted
Crimea
1S23.
R
5024
Lk. ipear-leaved cu i; au
6025 arcorhlzus
hastifiua Bic.
Zorn. c. 261
97.
Alpine
i m 1 jnjl G France
Candia
- RRS 1-P
ra Bauh.pnxir.tw
5026alplnui
jmall-prickly
cu
1
Jl
Canda
165ft
5027 aculetusW.W.
G Samlw. In. 1796L g 00 FLgnec.347
large-prickly
O cu
26 jnjl
5028
spinosu
W.
+
tall
lAI
cu
in.au
1752. RR .
5029
gignntus
.If'. . tuberous-root cu 1} jn.au G Italy
Eng.
hot.
Britain me.pa.
5030
tubersus
Eng.
bot. 127
1674
' 21 jnmy.jl
jl G Britain
common-sorrcl
cul
5031
acetosa
IV.
Jac!vind.at93
Sheep's-sorrel 5 w li ap..' Africa
5032
acctoella
K.
halbcru-lcavcd
^
i_J
cu
5033arif6hue IV.
n t Eng. bot 910
ftPolygone. 8g.. L1.
MoUNTMN SORREU
*857.
cu i jn.jl Britain alp.pa.
3034OXY'RIA.
cida Ii. Br..
POLYGYNIA.
Menispcrmca:.
Sp. \- 1759. .71'.>
858
WENDLAN'DIA.
.
Wksolanhia.
jn.jl W Florida
5035 poi>ulif61ia . Poplar-leaved t_ 'I 6 tirocharides.
Sp. 1
Bot. mag. 1201
859.
DAMASO'NIUM.
W.
Damasonwm.
5036tndicum if.
Indian
A [1 or 1 jl s W E. Indies 1800. S aq
860. ACTINOCAIt'PUS. R.Br. Actinocmipis. i mv.au W p.N.24.
S. W. dit.
... S 8.1s Eng.botlfil5
5077
R Br, /-. common
small
5038 minor
Damasnium
S^ iAJ
M i jii.au W Sd.England
59.
aqr.m Entbot.837
Alismacca:
Watik
Plantain.
861.
.
Pu Britain pools.
greater
*^ or 1Jljjn.il
039Plantgo
pool*. aqaq clcl Pcten.pI.t4.Kf7
jn.jl Pu Britain
5040 lanceolta W.fFi/A. spear-leaved
Amer. allak
I81& aq r.m
blunt-leaved
* oror J jl.au W N.Wale
5041
trivilis '.Ph.
floating
5042
i au Pu Britain tur.bo aq P
6043 natans
ranunculoides JV
Propagation,
nrtion of !!
usetl as spinage plantR. The former isHistnry,
still usedUse,
on the
continent,Oi/ft(rr,
and mashed with a small pro,
acetosa
or
scutata,
makes
a
very
good
spinage.
,
.
,
,ntn
R rnspus has a fusiform yellow rm>t, which, taken in a ment state, and bruised and maiic mw an ointim'iil
or U.MODCtton,
is saidtodomestic
cure theweed
itch.
< ggjOML
worst .rick-yards,
description neglected
: it is found
in every
almontobtusifolius
conflned tois cultivated
groundsofor the
mbbitb.
gardens,
and country
"oi ^*
l)llt th-.grouitds
by
men
or
cattle.
Itk
nerer
ftnuut
on
poor
or
wet-bottomed
land,
it
is
ra
' JAeolnB
tu' th(>e
leaves
were
fonnerly
used
for
wrapping
round
butter
and
cream-cheese
;
and
the
roptt,
:iU,"f
H. acutus, by the dyers. In powder, the rooU of most docks are said to be one of the best
theteeth.
of allOtttthmted
of them are
considere!forlaxative
than otherwise.
It. acetosaThe
hasleaves
DM long
in gardens
it* leavesrather
as spinagc
and salad ; but R. crutitus
sc is m'1
more delicate.
Theother
Inlanders
use the
the B.is iwerfully
acetosa to turn
their milk
: m "**SLgMc
eaten
with Hfih and
alkalescent
food.leaves
Theofroot
astringent,
an.l sour
considered
*l,m-. of d>
dried and boiled it gives out a beautiful red color. All domestic cattle eat this and most otlicr M".^
genus.
R ncetoeelia, where it abounds natur.dlv, is a certain indication ofdry, por. pravelly, in itL
is culinary
-.-i ' '.'"!"'
Tormerlv usod
as true a-rhulwi * powerfull)
diflerentmoilk's
j>ecieorofna*tani
Rumcxrhutwrli,
attract was
the cultivator
s attention
ripe
r-ie
seed , . and
ih..m r, a,ndy,."KP"*Ctly.
l,l:,nts- The
sorts vulgarly
known
as docks
produo
from
ied toquantity
a greatoflodistance
S5*J4S?
Fnrtunatelv
thev
are
heaw,
and
arc
not
i
crad
catparent
;
but
almost
every
one
grows,
and
once
a
year
old
they
arc
tedious
and
expensn*
i
_.,.DUl..alm"*t
are
todi<
Bnl seaso,, they may 1 destrovel by booilUJ ; but when the tap.root is ntabUshed, unless t 1 wholly
wi j era"
eated by the weeding, or dock-houk, or spade, the ground cannot be considered as cleared. Any V t o I*
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNrA.
295
SHCTtirenaW, Leavesm-a,, ii/***
5?2? - obtas "'

naked entire
POLYerNIA.
taraalteraate taltal cordate ovate with
a glandular point
Mian g
"""cordate oolong, Kruit
SjSffir ^'"bluntly Scored
SS^.i1";* 'nerved
"Mate, C'4aee!wxnieredlncurTod
soso
* 'V"crf'"w 'Mntol
Paritt,,.
i"11 NkSfi? bu'1' nd rend .hZV'T"""""'
fnotieuProperly
CJireiui cleaned
agrioul.:
*^StojarM
,hc>'clear
maynf ti, :>...'h?m
,m;)>N ftwnientinir
Such ,'S.l,'Uri''''1';l'
ae purchase ".. cannot
StSS^y^bid^
H ^.
11,1 ,|''
the
S ^'roiin-J.i.mi.
,a'0f ttowtnL
ihnuli Iwmen,, ? lrt,e,.lar
manurein veil
it:
;i .SV"
llÛ.MB^yJJ'1
theirla-fore
choiceusing
,, !eed,
TPJ* pulled by handI le ? ni ,theh' flower-stalk,
La"' "V ' ""!"'
! or"*after
*a
and during
**S i ','Si", "> * malitie,
J5 "0* " Kunci l!, " ''"'"" t Km. r , ,,T,'|
,*."* pMnt "* m" those singular
&J
a/i,"""!'"g SSa^'' '" * "> latc di4,o,i,i of the little
Ui
296
HEPTANDltlA MONOGYNIA.
Class VII.
Class VII, HE)?TANDRIA. 7 Stamens.

of which
the Parinarium,
U a good
tropicalgenus
Htt.olj^/^^
A SMALLreclaM.
the only
remarkable
genera. Triewhich
Astranthus
I. a curious
the natural order 01
7 Stamens. 1 Style.
Order 1. MONOGYNIA.
8 7Vma. Cal.7-leaved. Cor. 7-parted, equal, flat BcrrywithourjU.ee
863. Dtondra. Cal. about 7-parted. Cor. rotate, /.parted aps. 2-coltaJ. many-!
864.
5-clefL
Cor. O.lateral.
BerryStigma
1-celled,|icncil-shapcd.
Use4.4lixt.
865 Pisoaa.
PeUixrla. Cal.Cal.campanulate,
t-leaved. Cor.
O. Style
been I, wra, f ,,.,,
.wmalthcend. _
^_ . unequal, pubescent, Inserted In the calyx. Cap..
CaL l-leaved,
i
3-celled.
Seeds large,
chcsnut-like.
867. Jontwt.
Cal. 2-leaved.
Cor. funnel-shaped, with a closed Hcsny tube and 4-clcftlimb. Nccta"
ring inserted in the throat of the tube. A Lgumen.
MONOGYNIA.
PrlmulaceiS.
Sp. 2. m. wo. sp
Winteh-Grken.
862.
TRIENTA'LI&
W.
mv in W Britain
oval-leaved ^ cu * jl.au
5044 europar'a IV.
W N. Amer. 1816. I.P
5045 aroericAna Ph. spear-leaved ^ cu J Scrophularincce.
Sp. 1. 1771. R p.1
863.
Dihandra. !U iAI or i my.au Y Madeira
5046DISAN'DRA.
proetrata IF. W. trailing
Xjfctagi***.
Sp.
8. 12.I/ p.l
8fi4. PISO'NIA. W.
Piboma.
10
mr.ap
G
Jamaica
f CDcu
047
acule&U
W
prickly
p.l
5048
fragrant,
l,.
fragrant
. 1S23.
1823. p.lp.l
**
cu
6049
macrophylla
Lk.
long-leaved
Gw
W.
Indies
1806.
050 nigricans
black
...
1823. p.l
5051
obovla
Lk.W.

CD cu
eu
obovate
1824. p.l
5052
mexicana
14exican
pi
......., Mexico
Madagae.
1824.
5053 nitida
W.
MiI orcu
CU
shining
p.1
N.
Holl.
1805.
5054 grandis . Be. large
Sp.
s.
apdete.
r
ni
365.
PETIVE'RIA.
W.
PETIVERIA.
2 Jn.H W Jamaica 1709.
Garlic-scented .. Cj
5055
dwarf
I 1 cu
cu 2 Jn-Jl W W. Indies1737. 8 .!
505fi allicea
octndraW.W.
Hippocastanett.
Sp. 8.10. S
t*8fi6L f&CULUS. If.
-,
5057 Pava
Hippocastiinuin
W. common
$ or
tm mSO ap.my
G .1
my.jn
ScW
N.Asia
Amer. 16
711.
red-flowered
$.-.058
W.
8
my
Georgia
SIS. G 'A
BOOB discolor
fl,
dwarf
or 20 my.jn Y N. Amer. IW*
15060
nava
IV.
yellow,floweret)
or
5061 gUijra IF.ct.
smooth-leaved or 12 my.jn G.v N. Amer. 1812. G
Eng. bol 15
Bol mag. 218
Lara. ULI*"
Tr ehr.33. Lo7
SS**
Seb.AtJ?
DeA"*
Dend. WILIS
Hitory,
Use,
Propagation,
culture, do not understand. JE^
9aii,n
862 Trtentnl.
the fruit
tliird
ofof athis
thingplant,
; whyandso Itnamed
ays,
Few personsFrom
havetrim..,
seen the
was we
must unaccountably mi".. Usnci|by
liaTtncr.
The vidves
of the ripecorolla.
capsuleButbecome
concave
externally,
the
wunin, Bn,tanilhave
been taken
a permanent
thev are
opposite
w the
calyxtneu--1 ' wfc
f & urieil
supposed
to
be
of
the
corolla
are
s
were
I
berry,
', and
are not faithfully
that is
(*<
vol. il. 2)
mle,
or,Plora,
in botanical
composition,
a
Ws/m.fi(i
t to vary, aand
therefore
difficult for
botanists. ''
A irai. uoi
to"h
say,bright
a plant or
the stamens ar
t
yellow
flowers.
at Amsterdam,
autbor
^
Nutnr.t
* 'i'"""1 IG1.Plumier,
in culeata
honor ofis William
Pito,tree
a physician
"";
w;,
"'", r,
an inelegant
withini round
reclining
1T
'"f ond in
hs and
other
places
the island
of Jamaica,
uiung
support '?"1It is commonf!-in the savannahs
otber lowurce
0mi I
HEPTANDniA
MONOGYNIA.
'""""i MUNOGYNIA.
1. Imam,
i ..
:staniew 4,
CaLT-partcd. Petals7. 0ri

lc* 7'
- 77, manyseeded
MOtrOGrxu.
''^','''
0 * umimie ,mlVh ""^""r.)

^, Flower, po,,,^,
,.,, Fr., *.
29
Class VII.
HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
298
G
Dend.
brit
N.
Amer.
1S2.
5062
crnea 1.
Ilort.
flesh-colored
JJ oror 712 Jnin Pu
L N.l
N.
Amer.
1812.
G.Y
5063
pallida
en.
pale-flowered
N.
Amer.
1786.
6
jl.au
W
5064 parviflora H. K. small-flowered a or
Sp. 1.
867.
JovEsi. I
ft SO Lecummosts.
... E. Indies 1796. p.! Rb. mal.5. ta
50G5JONE'SIA.
pinnta IV. W. winged-leaved
89.
Aroidce.
Sp.
8685066DRACON'TIUM.
IV.
.
R lt.! Bot reg. 7(X)
1759.
2 mr.jn Ap
Ap India
polyphyllum IV. purple-stalked (
It p.l1 J.scb.2.tlS4.a
Cevlon
1759.
f.ESCU
] cu 26 ap.my
prickly
5067 spinusiim IV.
W.
Indies
1752.
ap.jn Ap
perforated
5068 pertiisum W.
S5.
Aroidea*.
Sp.
Calla. t lAlor 3 ja.my Ap . G. H. 1731. Sk
r.m Bot mag. M3
869.
Ethiopian
5069CAI/I.A.
a4hi6pica II'.W.
N. F.uropel7f)8. D p Bot mag. 1831
Ap
6 lAlor
cu 24 jl.au
marsh
5070
Jl
Ap China 1813. D r.m Bot mg.27
5071 palustris
aromticaW.Roxb. aromatic
. Sp. 25.
870.
Pahivahiitm.
. 60 Ckrysobalntictr.
... W S. Leone 1822. 1r.l
5072PARINA'RIUM.
exclsum .vi.
.So. .Guinea
l'lum
'e imf, LJ
=_J frfr 6 ... w & Leone
5073
macroph/llum Sab. Gingcrbr.*......
'free
DIGYNTA.
Porlidaccie. So. 14.
B71.
iv.
LAI
w I w . G. H. 14. R P
African
507* africnum IV.
TETIiAGYNIA.
Lizaud's-tail. i cu AToidear. Sp. S.
872.
SAURU'RUS.
W.
drooping
5075
crnuus
IV.
shining
A* i I cu
5076
Ificidus Jacq.
cu l| ... Ap China
5077 chinnsis
lftrt. Chinese
4 T^W
873.
ASTRANTHUS.
..
Astravtiujs.
5078cochinchinnsis/.onr. Cochinchincsc* i I cu
HEPTAGYNIA.
Sempervivctc.
.
874.
SEPTAS.
W.
W
C.C.Sp.G.G.3.H.
lAJcii *\ au.s
5(179
capruii
U'.R M. Cape
W
mr.ap
gli>be-flowered
iA)
cu
.WHO
globifiYira
VV.o G. H.
H.
skreen
]f tA) cil i il
SU81 umblia H. "
1319. D 1
1823. r.m Bot. mag. W
1774.
1809.
isoo.
51106
RR s-P
>.p Bol
Bot. rep.
mag 801*'r sp
5072^
, L'w, Propagation,
formerly
. hippocastanum
(tm. borse,Culture,
horse-chesnut ; because it ^/BaHtiftliwhc
tnt tree, at once grand from its magnitude and froTn among eiegw
Icrablcbulk of timbeiV^^lU
ever,
is of little
valueonas lawns.
such. The
plant
is best
adapted
forFrench
an ornamental
tree in the
out>" park,
^ whcn
ingeometric
avenues,
or
singly
It
is
much
prized
bv
the
as
an
ornamental
avonucR"^n'
Cano,]
style of gardening
was
in
vogue
in
this
country
was
a
good
deal
planted,
as
at
i
(
ji
\UTtip\i
the rage for the picturesque,
it fellareintoother
dispute
fromlbeetf
its ^0.P^_
1 peculiar
Castle
Hi form;" but During
that there
beauties
parabolic
th by painters,nowandconvinced
adapted
representation
taste forcapsule-;
trees beautiful
mtOT^tmg_?îored,
ha1
foliage, orforother
details, is now
reviving._ Thethenuts
large orami
Mld_*^B^,"e
them 1
grea^
or
capsule';
are
'
t
,hcm
grectm
often
occasioned
regret
that
they
are
not
edible,
like
those
of
the
Spanish
chesnut.
^^v
thev
arc
gm1
cdibl
and
seen horse
watching
about theAccording
trees for
during
In fj1"on i,-h __ i ani1
lortotheir
and may
mixedbewith
provender.
some,fallswine
andwindy
sheep weither.
may be fattened
1_1poults3'
when
they
arethat
boiled.articleTheyis are
of a saponaceous
nature,
and
brokenfrom
and the
steeped
in imi- f Asia
in
soap,
where
excessively
dear.
This
tree
migrated
nortnern
England bv Constantinople, Vienna, Italy, and France. Parkinson in 1629 places il m nu orvn ^ a fn
tree,E. Pava
and describes
nutsbyas oerhaave,
superior to the
^r^^r of botan)'
was so the
named
in ordinary
honor ofsort
Peter Paw, a Dutchman, and, pro.csw
Leyden, in 1601.
The other speciee have beautiful flowers, but are not free growing trees.
OlDK I.
HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
50fSLsrreifi-7-nntcobov.
acuminate
2-Bcrrate,
Petals
4 connivont
clawstwice
shorterthan
299
5<.ftM*jTc*qiiitiatp,
IVt
ils
sjiroatliiis
shorter
than calyx,withStain,
as lung ascal.cor.Anth.
TOHimootl
spiny
Suit Lcare*qunate, I'ctaU 4, Stamcuswith
twiceflaws
as long
as corulla
5(65Theonlj (pedes
0h6 Lares suprartecompouncl, pedate, Segments pinnatfld, Scape much shorter 1 leaf-stalks
Learnsagittate,
Peduncles
petiotes
5UStem
climbmg. Leaves
cordateamiovate
boredprickly
through
SLeavessajrittate cordate, Snathecucullate, Spadix male upwards
W8Ltsracordata,
Bpatbe flat,Spathe
Bpmttxboat-shaped
hermaphrodite
overe)>adix
5071
Leavescordate acuminate,
hidingall the
5073 Leaves
.ne- longoblong.Lmceolate
<-.\ ,!! ,! green above
verywhitebeneath
white ell over
4 ''oblong iMkri
I,
HEPTAGYXIA.
507,
* """ " *". nun, miu.
* tni ni Damr f *"E"n. The .torn. ,
"uld umto bBd.
300
OCTANDRIA.
CLAss VIII
CLAss VIII. - OCTANDRIA.
8 STAMENs.
which, with reference to the plants which compose it, is of much consequence to the botanist
This is a c
and gardener.
the former it is recommended by the singular Melastomaceous plants which it contains, the
curious Michauxia, and the Jeffersonia, remarkable for its
which opens like a snuff-box. To the gar
dener it possesses irresistible attraction, not only in the delightful Tetrathecas, Boronias, and Correas of New
Holland, in the Dimocarpus of China, celebrated for its truly excellent fruit, and in the Fuchsias, CEnotheras,
Combretums, and Vacciniums, some of which form the pride of our hardy gardens; but also in the magnificent
tribe of Heaths, which are certainly the most beautiful of plants under cultivation. This is abundantly at
tested by the splendid collections of Lee of Hammersmith, Rollison of Tooting, and last, but not least, of Lod
diges of Hackney, where the precision of science is combined with the allurements of form and coloring.
Order 1.
$%
MONOGYNIA.
8 Stamens. 1 Style.
$ 1. Ovary superior
#. #"
Cal. 1-leaved, 5-cleft, spurred.
Petals 5, unequal.
Nuts coriaceous, furrowed. Seed 1,
roundis
876. Roxburghia. , Cal. 4-leaved. Petals 4. Nectary 4 lanceolate leaves inserted in the middle of the
petals. Anthers 2, hanging down from the base of each nectarial leaf. Caps. 1-celled, 2-valved, many seeded.
Seeds on a spongy placenta.
877. Grislea. Cal 4-cleft. Pet. 4, from the recesses of the calyx.
Filaments very long, ascending.
Capsule globose, 1-celled, many-sceded.
878. Boronia. Cal. 4-cleft, persistent. Petals 4, ovate. Nect coronate. Filam. ciliated, incurved. Stigma
capitate. Caps. 4, 2-valved. Seeds solitary, with an arillus.
879. Tetratheca. Cal 4-cleft. Petals 4. Anthers 4-celled. Caps. 2-celled, 5-valved: with valves bearing
the septa in their middle. Seeds about 2.
880. Corrara. Cal. campanulate. Petals 4. Caps. 4-celled, opening with 4 valves. Cells 1-2-seeded.
881. Mimusops. Cal. 4-leaved. Petals 4. Nectary 16.leaved. Drupe pointed.
882. Ornitrophe. Cal. 4-parted. Petals 4, bearded in the middle. Ovary double. Berries 2, 1-seeded.
883. Dimocarpus. Sepals 5. Petals 5, reflexed, villous inside. Berries 2, one of which is often abortive,
barked, tubercled, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Melicocca. Cal. 3-parted. Petals 4, reflexed below the calyx. Stigma peltate. Drupe with a
Cark.
Blighua. Cal 5-parted.
Petals 5.
Style very short. Stigmas 3. Seed solitary with a very large
arilius.
886 Metaiba,
#.
Cal. 5-parted.
Petals 5, with two scales at their base.
Caps, oblong, 1-celled, 2-seeded.
Klreuteria. Sepals 5. Petals 4, irregular. Nect. 4 bifid scales. Caps. inflated, 3-celled, with 2-seeded
cells.
888. Guarea. Cal. 4-toothed. Petals 4. Nectary cylindrical, bearing the anthers on the orifice. Caps.
4-celled, 4-valved. Seeds solitary.
889. Amyris. Cal. 4-toothed. Petals 4, oblong, spreading. Stigma capitate. Berry drupaceous, by
abortion 1-seeded.
890. Ximenia. Cal 4-cleft. Petals 4, hairy, revolute. Drupe 1-seeded.

891. Barckia. Cal. 5-cleft. Petals 5. Caps. 3-4-celled, many-seeded, covered with the calyx. Seeds few.
892. Erica. Sepals 4, persistent. Cor. 4-cleft, persistent. Filaments inserted in the receptacle. Anthers
bifid. Caps membranous, 4-8-celled.
893. Menziesia. Cal. 1-leaved. Cor. 1-petalous, ovate Filam. inserted in the receptacle. Caps. 4-celled,
with the septa from the inflexed edges of the valves. Seeds many, numerous.
894. Chlora. Sepals 8 or 10. Cor. 1-petalous, 8-cleft. Caps. 1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded.
895. Michauria. Cal. many-cleft. Cor. rotate, 8-10-parted, revolute. Nect. 8-valved, staminiferous. Caps.
8-10-celled, many-seeded."
896. J.;ffersonia. Sepals 5, colored, deciduous.
Petals 8, incurved spreading. Stamens surrounding the
":
Caps, obovate, stipitate, 1-celled, opening below the end.
s'".
Sepals 4. Cor. O. Filaments very short.
Anth. oblong.
Caps. 3-celled, 3-winged.
898. Lawsonia. Cal 4-cleft. Petals 4. Stamens in 4 pairs. Caps. 4-celled, many-seeded. Seeds angular.
$ 2. Ovary inferior.
A. Seeds many.
899. Osbeckia. Cal. 4-cleft: its lobes separated by a fringed scale. Cor. of 4 or 5-petals. Anthers rostrate.
Caps. 4-5 celled, surrounded by the truncated tube of the calyx. Recept compressed, half ovate.
900. Rheria. Cal. urceolate, 4-5-cleft. Petals 4, inserted in the calyx, oblique. Anthers declinate. Caps.
setose, 4 celled, inside the calyx. Recept lunate. Seeds numerous cochleate.
901. GEnothera. Cal. tubular, 4-cleft, with deciduous deflexed segments. Petals 4, inserted in calyx.
Stigma 4-cleft. Caps. 4-celled, 4-valved, inferior. Seeds naked, affixed to a 4-cornered central receptacle.
902. Gaura. Cal 4-cleft, tubular. Petals 4, ascending towards the upper side. Nect inferior, 1-seeded.
903. Epilobium. Cal. 4-cleft, tubular. Petals 4. Caps. oblong, inferior. Seeds comose.
904. Fuchsia Cal funnel-shaped, colored, deciduous. Petals 4, in the throat of calyx, alternate with its
segments Nectary an 8-furrowed gland. Stigma capitate. Berry oblong, obtuse, 4-cornered, 4-celled.
905. Jambolifera. Cal. 4-toothed. Petals 4, funnel-shaped. Filaments flattish. Stigma simple. Fruit a
4-celled drupa.
906. Orycoccus. Cal. 4-cleft. Cor. 4-parted, with linear revolute segments. Filaments conniving. Anthers
tubular, 2 parted. Berry many-seeded.

907. Waccinium. Cor. urceolate or campanulate, 4-5-cleft, with reflexed segments. Filaments inserted on
the ovary. Berry 4-5-celled, many-seeded.
B.
Seed one.
908, Memecylon. Cal with a striated bottom, and an entire edge, Cor. 1-petalous. Anthers inserted on
the side of the end of the filament. Berry crowned with the cylindrical calyx.
909. Lagetta. Cor. caducous, tubular, 4-toothed, with 4 petal-like glands. Drupe hairy, pisiform, 1-seeded.
910. Daphne.
Cor. 4-cleft, like a coroila, withering, including the stamens.
Drupe 1-seeded.
911. Dirca. Cor. tubular, with an obsolete limb. Stamens longer than tube. Berry 1-seeded.
CLAss VIII.
OCTANDRIA.
SO1
912. Gnidia. Cor funnel-shaped, 4-cleft; with 4-8-petaloid scales at the orifice.
Nut somewhat drupa
Ceous.
913. Stellera. Cor. 4-cleft, inflated in middle... Stam, inserted in throat, very short. Nut 1, beaked.
914. Passerina. Cor. 4-cleft, naked. Style filiform, lateral, long. Stamens inserted on the tube. Nut 1,
coated.
915. Lachnaea. Flowers in heads. Cor. 4-cleft, with an unequal limb
Filaments long, with an unequal in
sertion. Nut somewhat drupaceous.

916. Combretum. Cal. 4 toothed, campanulate, superior. Petals 4, inserted in the calyx.
long. Caps. 4-angular, with membranous angles, 1-celled. Seed 1, oblong.
Order 2.
DIGYNIA.
Stamens very
917. Galenia. Cal 4-cleft. Cor. O. Capsule roundish, 2-seeded.

918. Aphananthe. Sepals 5. Two stamens opposite 2 sepals, 6 opposite and alternate with three other
sepals.
Q19. Weinmannia. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Caps. 2-celled, 2-beaked.
920. Mhringia. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Caps. 1-celled, 4-valved.
-
Order 3.
TriGYNIA.
$%
921. Polygonum, Cal. O. Cor. 5-parted, like a calyx.
Seed 1, angular, covered.
(Stamens and styles un
certain in number.)
1
ed.Coccoloba.
Cal 5-parted, colored, finally becoming berried.
Cor. O.
Berry formed of the calyx,
923. Paullinia. Sepals 5.

1-seeded cells.
Petals 4. Nect. 4-leaved, unequal. Caps turbinate, 3-cornered, 3-celled, with
924. Seriina. Sepals 5. Petals 4. Nect. 4-leaved. Samarae 3, longitudinally united, globose, connected
downwards in a membranous wing.
925. Cardiospermum. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Nect. 4-leaved, unequal. Caps. 3, connate, inflated.
926. Sapindus. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Caps. fleshy, connate, ventricose.
Order 4.
TETRAGYN1A.
927. Werea. Sepals 4. Cor. hypocrateriform, 4-cleft, with acute segments, and a ventricose tube. Scales 4,
at the base of the ovaries, linear.

4, 1-celled, many-seeded.
928. Bryophyllum. Sepals 4. Petals 4, connate into a cylinder. Seeds many.
929. Paris. Sepals 4., Petals 4, narrower. Anth attached to the middle of filament. Berry 4-celled.
Adora.
Cal. 2-3-cleft, inferior.
Cor. 4-5-cleft, superior.
Berry 1-celled, 4-5-secded, united with the
calyx.
931. Elatine. Sepals 4.
Petals 4.
opposite the sutures.

9:32. Haloragis. Sepals 4, superior.
Caps. 4-celled, 4-valved, depressed, many seeded; the dissepiments

Petals 4, caducous.
Drupe dry.
Nut 4-celled.
933. Forskhlea. Cal. 4-leaved. Petals 8 spatulate. Seeds 4 enveloped in wool.
302
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
CLASS VIH
MONOGYNIA.
Sp. 513. 1596.
Tropole
+875.
TROPiE'OLUM.
W.
Idun
Cbess.
Bot mag. 93
. Peru
50S2,3flore
minuspleno
W.
small
Ofor 1ijiio
Peru
in.0
double-flowered ^*~
Bot. mag. 83
Peru
5083mjue
(
great
_4 lAJ
9, or 66 jn.
r.m Bot mag. 12)1
Peru 1686.
jn.o
pleno
Peru 1775. S r.m

5084flore
adiincum
St- doublcflowered
friiige-flowered -$ iQJ
or 3 jii.0
r.m Bot
. *
peregrimtm
.
508, T.pinntum
,..,B.M. hybrid
pinnate-flower. JU LI
iAJ or 42 jn.au
jn.o
_i
... ... r.m
Bcr.acb.jitl
5086 hybridura W.
ROXBURCHIA. If. RoXBUKOHIA.
ip^PkklDdie 1803. Skp.1 Bot mag. 1500
51187 glorieoldee liotb. Glorioea-leaved fl_ [Sl or 6
Grislea.
1804. IP Botreg.30
877- GRIS'LEA. IT. downy
pr 3 n"'
5088 tomentosa
BORONIA.
878.
BORyNIA.
Sm.
Ledum-leaved
508
lediflia Gay.
N. S. W. 1794. L s.p got rep. 5S
f.my Pu
Hawth.-ecent
5090pnnta
3 jnjl
R N. S.W. 1816. L P Bol
Rote wanted
5091 scrrultaSm.
Sm.
Sp. 15.
r.h. Ill
879. TETRATHE'CA. Tetbatueca. Jpt 2 Trcraandrac.
jl.au Pu TS.W. 1803. e.p
5092 jncea }V.
rushy
Corrjba. * i I or iTw*"w.
8S0.
CORRE'A.
W. white-flowered
P iv g|w. 1793.
1808. Lip Bol
Bot rep.
reg. .
5093
B. Rep.
i\ 1I oror apjl
5094 flba
speci&a
. Rep. red-flowered
S lw. 1800. IP Botreg.3
my.n
green-flowered
5095 virons H. AL
Rox.cor.U."
SHI.
or 15 Sapotea. Sp.1.3a
E. Indict 1796.
Rum. am. S.t *
5096MI'MUSOPS.
Elngi W. W. pointed-leaved
E Indies 1796.
5097 Kaki W.
obtuse-leaved
Rox. cor.l.
India 1801.
oror 1010
5098 hexan'dra Roxb. hcxandrous
Sapindaeete. Sp. 29.
882 ORNITROPHE. W. Obnitbopiie.
Rox.cor. 1. 1 fil
5099
serrata IV.W.
saw-leaved
sa? sa g s ^"
5100couilnia
yellow-berried J
CD oror 2012
Sn.26.
883. IlIMOCAR'PUS. TV. Dimocabpub. ZJIt 15 Sapindacex.
China 1786. SSStt*
Lee-Chee
{5101
fr 15 my.in
my.jii W
W China SS
Longan
{5102 Litchi
LongnTV.H. .
Honky-Rp.brv.
Sapindacetc. Sp. t
884.
MELICOC'CA.
TV. wingcd-lcaved
1 fr 16 ... Y Jamaica 1778. ltl Ja am. 106. t j2
5103bljuga
W.
I. 1793. S r.m An.bn. 46.17
Sapindncex. Sr.
Akp.b-Tree.
885.
Africa
5104BLIO'HIA.
spida H. . . Ash-leaved J Orr ~
5091
5087
5084
5085
875. -.
From/,.
Hutory, Vse, Propagation, aCulture,
flow"*
w<
former'sbuckler,andandalsothe aflower
an empty
flown
are 1"1'
eaten in salad,,
and arc v?rv V*.cta>r"ambles
montal annual,
culinary
plantbeim,
T'c
Sl"f.""J/nnwi
berries'or
mt?
3
l?'cf,iL:
"W
arc
also
used
a.
a
garnish.
The
Med,
which
enmW
fL'"
"*"
vi"cgar,
andU..SSt
'"|1
bbou.
husks
that
become
fungos
when
dry,
am
it '" T"n*"ûSr^\!2S?tSZ
In theeveiui.i
876?? l1auRht" " ?"!
V'"blcW
,park> to"kcwhich
,hosesome
of prefer
dectri<!thern.
machine
This M
' - ofkTn.heSr^'^'' D- ta "
"t <hc East Indie. .
J(
OgjM
Oftecaw
of t'oromandel.
A singular plant, the natural .ni* f
A 877
treeare
flowye, o^,,,
^""moafter
, ,
f& '' ma>
1*>''roased,U,oughl,tilowlv,bydlvldmgattberont
,"" sl,rub of considerable beaiv . "u"ut'. surgeon, author of Vlridarium busitanicum, 1.
^^^'^^^HmS'I^'^
'n "I
of Dr.Slbthorp,
perishedpl.,..,.,,
fromasanflowcr.ng
accident
n.e7mav S
" Thor Ihrlv l t , *%2&>>
" f "
ThcJ.iVwho
valuable
p^miw.Sfy^hy
layer.
^^^^^'"1
'*
'
.trained
will,
broken
potther*
them, a, thi, ,' la". "fll strike r., Ir , ' ,ak<'" |' i""'t and pUntad in sandy peat a".l
TwSkS T "|! ,0 d"'S" ^ ' ",^ ' lhe us> be t.ke., ofl' occasionally to dry
th^ZrZ'Cm*S" "îlng"rCdiAa ., "' "J"osion to the four cell, of the anther., for which
botamsts of this age. He diedat Lisbonim 182A " Ripened cutti..i"
Omisu I.
806
MONOGYNIA.
;'- - Leave*pcltatr repand mucronatc, Petals
acute
3 Leavespeltatercp.ind, Petals obtuse
5064 Leavw peltate 5-lobcd palmate toothed, Petal* jagged
5
peltate, 1 obtuse
FlowersPetals
pimvite
Leaves
Leave* peltatei-lobed.
Lobes unequal.
obtuse repand,
cuueate toothed at end
Leavescordate many-nerved
lS Leavesminutetumcntosc beneath, Corymbs axillary spreading
Set
Lmtj)Imcar lanceolate
with an entire
oddacuteserrulate
onetomcntnscbeneath
in 2-4-pairsat end
verysmooth
smooth, Leaflets linear scute, PeduDC CUCnotWDOUl
&l liMVHpmnatert
LejvHlixnple trupcxiform
5tt?5 Letvaalternate few lanceolate and branches smooth
5
I*iv ovate
ovate obtuse
downy beneath
beneath. Teethwithofcalyx
acute distant
' Leaves
Lea*
down,mall
Flowers
ovatc-oblong
cordate, rusty
Flowers pendulous,
Calyxerect,
with 4Calyx
acutetruncate
teeth
SOS
Leares alternate
orate acun
50Leaves
alternateovate
acuminate
Leavw
clurtercd
oblon
clurtereil-
at the ends ofthe branches
oblong obtuse
M
Leave! alternate
obovatf
hexanrf
alternate obovate
eraarginate,, Flowers hexandroua
RB Leaves
Leaves tmate
SM
temate. rouan,
LeafletsTx-aflets
stalkedstalked
, teu ai eacl) end pubescent bent
101
acute,
scaly,hispid,
Flowers
apetalom
alOS lerespinnated,
Leaveipinnated, leaflets
Leaflet* flat
rugose
blunt,FruitFruit
Flowers
uenUpetalous
MtTheonly species
MMTheonly specie*
tj ?4SnM| t "'P^Crl
S?J"r-mro ii uZS
22. " , i_.
"UIU N-'f. flyutv Tk. a-
_ ">De 4>"tea goal as theo grown itl,i ur

Its fruit, which
rowmhlri
voiv nr " ~_ ^ha
cultivated
in some
,, thp
"r Wh
Class V
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNA.
04
MKT*iba.
Sa
uan. 1803L p.1 Aap.i l.
8&
. Aeh-lcaved
IQtmGO
5105.
euianeil'ein .
EphMisJraxinca
W.
hi
KOLBEUTEBIA.
887. KLREUTE'RIA. W.
10 jija W China 1763. R Botreg.3
panicletl
5106 paniculate W.
Meliacea?. S u.15.
GUAREA.
888.
GUA'REA.
W,
my.jn W & Amer. 1752 L . Cav.dL7.
5107 trichilioldea W. Aeh-lcaved tota 15 7>01.
So. 228.1790. p.1 Car. ic.3.
AMYRa.
889.
AMY'RIS.
W,
W Chili
IS1516 Jnjl
eimpk'-leaved Oor
5108 polfgama W.
. Lp J a.ed.pi
Carthag.
W
I
lor
jnjl
WOd
5109 fylvtica W.
So.
13.
Olaciiu-a:
XlMENlA.
890. XIME'NIA. W. American or 15 ... W w. Indi 1759. i.p J. am. pit
5110 americana W.
So.China
37. 1. h M fto. iter.'
BjECKII. t_lpr 3 Murtaeex.
891.
.ECKI
A. Sm.
Sm. Chinese
W
Bot rep I
5111
frutcscens
N. Caled. 1806.
33 id
au.o
W
v_lpr
Ipr
twiggy
6112
virgta
Sm.
close-leaved SI_Jll>r W N.S. W.

5113denaiiolia Sm.
294300.
Heath. i l_Jspl ^ Erice*.

And. he;
t*S92.
ERI'CA. W.
G. ft 1774.
apjl R C.C.G.
Plukenet'B
Ulllt
$5114
1774
2 mrjl W.pu
Y C. G. ft
Petiver'a
*
ip
.
And.
5115 PlukcnUi
Petivr W.
1_J4>1
1787.
H.
I I el I
Banks'f
i
And. hea
hea
5116
Bnkeia
W.
apjl W CG. ft 1774.
white-pencilled i
5U7 penicilliflra
5
caiyculata
Wen(IL
.
G.
ft
1794.
a.p
And
hea
ll_Jor 2 fjl
5118 mcistoma
fofficulrie Salid},
And.
hea
1774.
. G. H.
1 il Sc
5119 vertcillta Andr.

Andr. verticillate
And
hea
1774.
H.
22,jLn
mrjn . CG.
Scba'i
*
And.
5120
Sebna
Dvnn.
1793.
G. ft 1799.
Ewer's
*
And hw
hei
5121 occiflra
Ewerna H.Salisb.
K. green-pencilled
G . .G. H.
S2 ap.my
122
1811.
H.
dense-leaved
mr.au
Bot
mag
5123
deneifolia
W.
1775.
G.
ft
31 my.s
5124
grandiflra Thunb.
/.. great-flowered
1812.
G.G. ft
mrjl YIM
purple-headed **
5125
cephaltes
And. hc
ft 1774.
D.R
2 mys
bloody-flowered
512fi
W.cr.ll
1790.
W.pu .. G.
H.
mrjn
clear-flowered
*
5127 cruenta
perspicuaH.f.K.
Bot
cah
1800.
G.
H.
ltu
2
Jn.s
specious
*
And
hei
5128
1792.
H.
.C. G.
And
hci
fiery
5129 speciea
ignecensAndr.
Andr- diflerent-color.
1788.
G.
H.
22 mrjn
mr.n
EU)
i
And
hei
5130
discolor
Hurfr.
1790.
CG.
H.
my.n
O.K
various-colored
*
And
ho
5131
versicolor
W.
a-p
1787.
G.
H.
Tu
1J
fjn
5132 fascicular^
.
toph<jta
h.
cornala Andr. splendid
2 an.s eg: S
5133
eplndcna
H
nipple
5134
mammeaW.P.L.S. lofty
i I or 2G jl.o
ap.jn
5135
prcera
verticilL spl 3 apjl
513;
Andr.Andr. green
H. 1790. .. And he
HLd CG. 6112
saw.lcnved
5137 glida
ecrr.-uif6.ia
5110
5108
5106
... nourish
. n.' h!! "1 l*W
History,
Vie, Propagation,
mi
subacid
theCuitare,
West
Indieswithit isallesteemed
veryon
in sano
umler a hand.glaifW' WC" l0am
and flavor.dIn"i*"<*
cutting,
their leave,
toa&JtmbfmuL1" venuu:uUr Mrae of '" Plant in French Guiana. Large cutting, root bos'
îuJamRa,îi^^r''A
in honor of Joseph
Gottlieb
Kr.lrculer,Hewho
mem, n tC ' **; J"*"W. /-^,?,
l/o5, with a dissertation
De
Coieopteris.
al>published
made mal1
. .hub,Lfl'',"'e:*,.ni'brid
&c- aPubli.he.1
I'etcrsburgh
Posed*
and r ,h?.
i'1""1."1 S " nlanu'
.heltered
situationinasthe
possible,
as it willTransactions.
not flower If too I
8S8.has,,
Th.
theP'ant
tops Guara.
of the shoots
will
bethough
injuredit byha.theanfrost
yet
iarm.
I.,.~ .'" "?n0f?'V'!'
Cubar'!ncd.
tree,.mell
inconspicuo'
In.tead
orfinemm
ll,atT,pi,,!n'f
pnrt*
of tho*lJ",rt>
cs|>ecially
theThis
bark,
.trong .ubstance,
of mu.k,
and
"'"it
for
l,,h
,r
mnny
Purl!.The
wood
is
full
of
a
bitter
resinous
whichm;
but
it
i,
0ftl.n
(JJviJft?*"
'"'"S
observed
to
communicate
both
its
smell
and
tiste
to
nil
spirituou
is said to be a Kmsin.nr nl , nea,lmK, when there is a scarcity of other timber. Thepowder
of
root in sand under a hnndguij " *"mt'tiraci
among the negroes for that purpose. Hipen
^|.*.',1,|1,!
^'f;
mrrtt. IUorresinous
gumgilcadensis
has an excellent
perfume.
Aln
t>ilead.loaded
It i,with
,hru
!! ?.
valu"blc
the celebrate
buds
baUamicirlSfu
Dchcs,8"
striatedrosin.
a Hule,A.with
crowdedprmluces
tmale leaves,
and pi
I.
U""
OCTANDRIA MONOGYN.A.
bn' Pta.tcd 8J t ^
3J5
51 Theonly 4. Leaves Pinnated toothed tore

il
,t. 1 51Q9 Laratmatee lanceolate
entire, Racemes simple axillary n
crenate acute
SIM Mundes nuny.Honored, Tile lower usually changed into ipinei
SIIiLairaoppMitebeardleM, Teeth ofralvx membranous colored
r" lmar
isnceolate,
Peduncles
umbelled
Leaves
imbricated
four ways
obtuse axillary
with a little
rencxed point, Teeth ofcalyx leafy
A. AmnaU
CorollasCalyx
long and
cylindrical.Bractes distant from calyx
slua
Marne! ( connivent colored,
Leaves in threes,
imbricated,
SSy""8comment
colored.
Leaves
inin threes,
threes, Calyx
imbricated,
Rowers solitary,
( or. cylindrical
MSI
\aineni
bus
connivent
colored.
Leaves
Calvx
Imbricated,
ofcor. reflexed
sin auaeoslong connivent colored, Lvs. in js, CaL imbricated, FL 3, Cor.Segments
globose scarcely
longer than caL
IIISUmeas longconnivent colored. Leaves in threes. Calyx imbricated, Flowers solitary, Cor. conical
JSi--* CoJVhrM3' C^ mb"^- hta,. Cor. conical
ft*SSt
'
LveT,',,2
"' "Tinal'",
in.'
* whorled inc:
Sl3 "'f,',re'i.
ai-sasa^j^STs
tss?^ :' *~* cylindrical
cy'in""c;" "">
eS^SSS
ÂtSS^
ed
>5*" **>SrrWu l","1 rsonth, Style ta Lea,ve* 3 imbricated
Leaves' s
M AMb (. _ . .
>i ""*7"*|'>
"'l*rt
Fnn ,.,L'f"V- '.in.
''iVZ^Zff.'!'
Cor. tubul T,VTYI'' Vf1"'" oval mh

capitate, Lvs.
8 Ii
"-lute,
L,^^
man
protection from
^1'""",'
'' winter.
lrcc 8*
frost during
YtWctr-I
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNA.
1799. -P And.h.TolJ |*|
C. O. H.
club-flowered
U* 1 auo
5138 clavffrtra Satisb.
scsstiijira
Andr,
C.
G.
H.
H_)pr
ja-d
LY
513") ipicta
Thunb.IV. Spiked
lJ de Ii ray w
transparent
Ilui1
6140
transprens
Y.o . .. H.
H.
1It mT
greenish
5141
viraceni
Lodd.
L
H.
or
"
flame-flowered I |_J
5142
flam'mea
Andr.
YR.0 .. ..
H.
Paterson's *II !I II oror '-'1 mr.au
5143 Patersnia Andr. glandul..haired
H.
my.jn Y C. G.
5144
glantlulea
W.
t).
i
I
I
or
1
my.jn
dull-yellow
i
45 Sparman'ni
gilva Wendl. IT. Sparnnann's I spl 1 mr.t D O C. G. H.
H.
5146
Pk
G.
or myjn Pk G. H.
I l_j
5147
perspicua
HWuW. glassy
l_J
'J
f.jll
ribbed.flowered
i
5148
coitta
Andr.
G. H.
H.
2 ja.d L.Pu
purple-flower, il_Jcl
5MB purprea (f.
O CG. H
!LjJ el 32 jl.S
tall
<
5150
Olta
jfdr.
Y
C.
G.
H.
jn.jl
sulphur
I
5151
eulphi'irea
LoA*.
I , I or 1 mr.au L.S C. G. H.
51521an.nora (. sordid
tordilla Andr.
Pk C.C. G.G. H.
! de S2 ap-jl
5153
tubiHra
L. Donn tube-flowered
H.
single-flowered 11
5154
eimplicirtra
D.S
C. G.G. H.
Ij. mr.jl
HU.li
5155
Archria
Andr.
I,ady
Archer's
1
Pu
ap.au
5156
spuria
Jw/r.
spurious
V . G. H.
H.
24 jll.e
5157 Hibber'tia Andr. conspicuous
Hibbert's
mv.au
IXY
h.
5158
conspicua
.
K.
YHi .C. G.G.G. H.
22 jl.o
curve-flowered
5159 curviHra
H.
jl.n
three
leaved
5160
triphvl'la
IJc.
1J my.jn ll .C. G.G. H.
5161
monadlplia
/, monadclphous
H.
Sis.
F
5162
combina
.
blush
21) jn.n
W C.. G.G. H.
5153 pelh'iciiia ,)ii/r. pellucid
H.
ja.my
>L_|de
binnjeus's
5164
Linnona
.
A'.
1 inr.ap
H.
i_J
hairy
5165
hirsuta Lix-WJtirfr. reddish
mr.jl W.pu
FO.Y C.C.C. G.G.
G. H.
H.
1_J elor 2, ja-au
516i eruicscens
,_|or ap.jn W. C. G. H.
Lee'*
5167
Leena .Is>dd.
.
5168
l_J
H.
onosma-flower.
i!--1 colrans
- t :m. i V;/ coloring
. G.
G. H.
H.
my.s YD.G
green-floivercd I i_| cl Si1 jrt.il
5170 viridis Andr.
.
G.
bloody
$5171
sangunea
/.
22 nu.d
til RR C.C. G.G. H.
>l_|or
5172 longiflia Dann. long-leaved
Pine-lree-leav. ll_|or
5173
pinoa IV.
. G. HH.
2 ils
ll_|el
gold-colored
5174
airca
.-imr.
. w c.C. G.G. H.H.
l_|de u1 f.my
turbinate
5175
elongta
1.
woolly
ki1_|"
5176
Wurf/.
C. G. H.
I el 1ljja.d
aU.0 DW R CG.
5177 bata
Uowii-na
Lodd, Howie's
H.
5178
coccnea
L.
searlet-flower'd
115 jl.o
o.n C.C. G.G. H.H.
517
exiidaiis
Lorf*
dewy
Il
1.
5180
Thunb.
lUf,
Massen's
C. G. H.
5181 pemmfera l.odd, gem-bearing i_j
1>1 21 my.jl
mr.o sG.R C. G.G. H.
t_|Or
5182
bicolor
Andr,
two-colored
l,ja.d
D.O C. G. H.H.
5183
,-hi-iV.
i_J
I'1
quiver-formed
J5184a, veetita
/. tremulous
* i_j V1 32 ja.d
ja d W
white
C.e. G.G.G. H.
H.
Pk
y llta
incarnta
i_J 4" 22 ja.d
csh-colorcd
H.
Pu
jiLtl
purprea
purple
3 ja.d LR C.C. G.G. H.
iifulgida
rsea
H.
D.R
C.
G.
H.
ivi coccnea
C.
G.
H.
ltea
KR
CG.
II.
5185
Andr,
Pu
5186
NivniaAmlr.
Andr.
Y\V e.C.C. G.G.G. H.
H.H.
5187
5188 spera
cylindrica
Andr,
HIUoiii, Vie, Propagation, Culturr, f.yellowcolor.'lîn

make
bedsgreen
with
it.iu and
Illm most
ofo the
webtem
dye cloth
their
- their
w.. un
mm toi
mus
uicthis
matura ;isles
iml-s they
uwt
uj
,..-.. yarn
j--- , in. a|lim
a"*1 . -.innlhcr
water
the
flowers
woollen
J water,
Icn,n.
rongwithdecoction
of the tops,
comes out
a tliieplant
orangeandcolor.
In someboiled
of these islam"
i. _j un Ihn.' of>'1''
"
knita Si?strung ,icco?lio|i
ilecnrlinn nr it.is Formerly
i .. the young tops
,. arc
,r said
..,.,i to,,, have
hnii been
Ik used^JJ^
, M,a uicj
uj'
.te
rclMes
thal>tnUtwo"
n.c.11ig by
b,ton
Insometimes
some of' adding
J^Si^Z
theofPicts.
Itfuelwit"
W
malt'
put.of*"ofit.much
theTheyoung
tons
so
it, " utho^^^wlhe
heath,
snmeun-=
"""v,"
up anosomcb"JJ"^
o"^:
- lMt
|,;""^'"
UMOm
are
made
lu.1,
..h
the
heath
growing
oil
I
ir
,1,;,
"
bMms
..h
(
the tendei.a'r;.!;0'^1'"
*.'.1>^^
give I**)
hoots, but they .J oven,
o, lndcovering
of them,under-ground
t attle notdrains,
X'lOKd
to browse
Li OlDtk L
_
ibUIUUNIA
51J8 Anth. teufeI, Lvs. 4-6, Fl. axill. Cal. Imbr. Sepal* orbicular obovat*
.407
51
Anthenbearded,
Lv*.
4-6,
now.
axillary,
Cal.
Imbric.
Sepals rhomboid
with long cUwi
51W
Anth.
beardless,
1
4
3-corncred
ciliated,
wer
terminal
subsolitary
5141 Aiitlier
Anthen beardless
included bearded,
I,cavce 4terminal
hairy, Flowers
Stylepubescent
exserted
Sit
included,CaLLv*.leafy,
3-4, Flowers
few. Cal.terminal.
imbr. Cor.
il 514)
Anthenbearded,
I-vs.44-6,
I I. glandular
axillary, Cal.
imbric
Sepals subulate
from a broad base
5141
Anth,
beardless,
Lvs.
linear
hairy.
Cor.
clvate.
Cal.
hispid
5145 Anth.
Anthenbeardless,
bearded,Lvs.
Style4, ind.
Cor. cylind.
Sepals
membran.
Fl. axill.head,
whorl.Sep.Lva.lin.-subul
4 lin. smooth
tfh 5l*S
FLsolitary
terra.
4 orclosely
packed
in aCor.
4-cornered
Fed. very short
5H7
Anthen
beanllcss,
Flowers
3,
Cal.
imbric.
villous
SIM Anthen beardless, Flowers .'i, Cal. imbricated. Cor. smooth, Leaves puljcscent
49 Anth. beardless exserted, Ovary turbinate, Lvs. 4-6, FL axillarv, Two bractes close to cal. one remote
5150Anthen
beardless included,
exserted, Lvs. 4-6,next
Mowers axilL
Bractessolitary,
remote, Ovi:ry4with
8 furrows smooth
5151
Anthen exserted
beardle**
5b
Anthen
gibbous at Bractes
base, Bractescalyx,
remote,Cor.CaLhairy
leafy, Lvs. 4,leaves
Brancheshairy
hairy, Ft terminal
S153 Anthen
beardless,exserted,
Lw. 4, Bractes
little distant
cal.from
Sepalscal.oblong
at edge
oLH
Anthen beardless
Lvs 4, a Bractes
linearfrom
distant
Sepalsrevolute
ovate acuminate
Antn- beardless,
Lvs.included,
4-6, FlLvs.
axilL4, Two
bractesfew,nextBractes
cal. oneremote.
Ovary
cylind.
Cor. pubescent viscid
r Anih"*
Anthin
beardless
FL
term
lin.
remote.
Sepals
ovate
hardie**, Lvs. 4-6, FL axilL Two bractes next cal one remote. Ovary cylind.acuminate
Cor. smooth viscid
' 5 the" ^sard'***
4, Fl.smooth,
term, Fl.
few,solitarv
Bracteterm.
remote,
Sepals
ovatesmooth
obtuse
I J Abth- beardless. Cor.included,
curved Lvs.
clvate
Leave*
4 linear
3
s
beardlcs*
included,
Cal.
leafy
imbricated.
Leaves
9
smooth
spreading,
Style
exserted
6 ik
ovate.narrowed
Sepal col.at base,
obi. obt.FL term,
leavesuinlwll.
j appressed
Fl. 3 terminal
'*
i? beard,es*
l,e'iril,e*r exserted.
included, Cor.
Cor. cylind.
cylindrical
Leaveserect,
6 smooth
S Anth,
lieardlcM,
UanlleM' Leaves
Lv*- *i 4,Fl.ttsm
4
closely
packed
in
4-cornered
head.
Sepals
lin.
subul.
l'ed.
term. 4 closely packed in a 4-cornered head, Sepals lanceolate length o fl.
3
i T1?*01
with4,tuftetl
hairy4 leaves.
It resembles
E linmeaiia
- -
***mi4*cies
I-eaves
FL term.
closely packed
in a 4-cornered
head, Sepals ovate roundish
5 ay. "rtlM* 1* - axillary. Cor. ribbed, Bractes nearly as long as calyx
Atk'
l"^101
included,
leaves
f.
ciliated,
Flowers
terminal.
Cor.
clvate
at tirstBractes
white afterwards
red
1. b,te*
Pf"5eBi Ul
"* *A
*-*, H ilL
axillarv.
ribbed
cylind.
with awith
spreading
length ofcaL
of cal.
51
Cor.Cor.
ribbed
widest
in middle
a revol.limb,
limb, Bractes length
Sw^le,*prei,d""(
mt**h< fl-Flowers
clvate
incurved
smooth
Sm^C"
,1^ *"
1 rl axillarv,
Cor.
ribbed,
linear
5ft !,,,
aS bea'
i ,e"'
Cor. not
not
ribbed, Sepals
Sepals ovate
from aacuminate
broad liase linear subulate
M
Leave* 4-fi.
4-6, FL axillary,
axillary, Cor.
not ribbed,
Sej>als
5tMws""Vf111
nooth,
H
term.
4
turbinate
hairy
5 LsL b?aldlcM' Brarte* remote from flower, leaves very short imbric
Tlr'
jading distant,4-6,FlFl.axillary
pendulous
ImiTt^"^^l,
axill * Tvc
bractescylindrical
next ,,i smooth- 4* w y * 1'\. .leaves
cylindrical ter-1*! !?* .ass" m,h
[silky upward!
1 Sit
Cub VIH.
OCTANDIUA MONOGYNIA.
5189 Hatcacaba
MonFnia Thunb.
519.1
/..
191
lanuginosa
5[92
glabra L. Andr,
519
;
cerintholdei
7,.
5l94pectmif61ia
6195 prl..ce|ie .-H./.
5196
5197 blanda
inflata Andr.
ft:
5198
ferruglnca
-itrfr.
5199
metuleflra
5200 tmida Ker. . M.
Lady Monson'i
blaudi-i
-flower 4**
large
brown-fl.
smooth
Honey-wort-fl. **
{ectiiiated
tiiic- rI'd
charming
inflated
*
rusty
nine-pin
tumid
I or
whiteslcndcr-fl.* iuJde
3 acurainta Andr. pointed-leaved l| ) el
5204
Law./,ni //.Thunb?
.V red lender-fl.
5505
veiitricsa
porcelain
5506
pregnane
Andr.
swelled
5207 glutinosa W.
glutinous
a
droteroidet
I
..un.
5504
Thunb. square-flower'd \ | or
5. <ti tctragna
lrbyana Andr.
Irby'e
m ii i| orde
5210 jasmininYiM Andr, Jasmine-flower.*
521
1
ampullacca
Curt.
fl*k
52I2Shannonina
Lodd. Lady Shannon's** iL_)| orel
52H rctrta
Thunb.
recurred-leaT'd \ | or
5214
tenuiflra
Andr.
5215
J.odd.Jndr. ellow-slend.fl.
ady Clifford's * |i| j|| ororde
Wie Cliffords
hyacinthofdu
Hyacinth-flow.
{5217 fastlgiita
Walk4ra L.Andr.
5218 infundibulris
* it i| oror
52I9
Aitnia Andr. Lk. funnct-ahaped
Aitoti's
5920
ltea
L.
yellow
m ! i or
5221- comsa
tufted
i_Jor
rubra
red-Jtoivered
iba
whitc-flovoereti
\\ || elde
5232
muscri
W.
musk
5223 daphiiflora Sal. Daphne-flower. J dc
5224 Parmentiri.
Lodd. Farmentine's i_J de
523
Bonpland's
522ri Bonplndia
Humena Lodd. Sir
A. Hume's *l_Jpr
* l_1
5227
toothletted
i_J eloror
5228 deiiticulta
radita Andr..
radiated
l_|
5229
amtAta
Andr.
awned
lJ oror
5230 primuloidei
./isrfr. Cowslip-flower. 1 t_J
2 mnduta/.c*.V
Lodd.
neat
*Ljpr
5231
moschta
musk-ecented
I
5232
conrva
Lodd.oA concave
_ l_)
. Jj, clft
Coventryna
Lord
Coventry's.*
|
6234 erna /.orfrf.
bitten
* i [de
neat
l_J pr
5237 coriflia
1.
Coris-leaved
Jl>r
caltfcia
W.
5238
andromcdatnra
An. Andromeda-fl. , | pr
5239
ilegans
Andr.
elegant
,
| el
SStO triira L.
three-flowered i ) or
4I niv.au
s
II1 ja.
4 my.au
tny.n
2Ii jn.n
myjl
i 11 ap.s
.
1 my.jl
11| jn.au
my.i
21? s"pjl
li
3 ap.s
ap.jn
221 jn.o
my.jl
2 jlo
li2iftEi
jn.o
2 jn.n
jn.au
HI )my.au
jn
111 J jn.au
.my
If my.i
1 ap.my
2? juf.mys
} ap.au
I lij ap.au
apau
mr.jl
1 Jt.au
ap.my
I mr.s
mrup
liII ap.my
1li au.n
mr.au
i apjl
1|
my.jl
I 1 jn.jl
mr.ap
f Silap.iny
,[i
IJau.d
21 mrjn
mr.n
11 myjn
C.C. G.G. R
H. 1787.
I7sa
18(13.
C.C. G.
H.
1820.
G.
H.
G. R
H. 1774.
1800.
C.C.C. G.
IWO.
G.
H.
C. G.G. R
R 1801).
L.P
W a . G. R 1800.
1798.
R . G. H. 1798.
1812.
R
ScW .C. G.
1800.
W. C. G.
G HR 17!
R C. G. R 1800.
180!.
... G..G. R
R 1787.
17*
1787.
.C. G.G. HR
1787.
H
1789.
C. G.G. R
L.Y
1800.
R
Wo
179.
W.pk
C.
G.
H.
1790.
W
C.C. G.G. R
lSia.
W
pu
H.
1787.
Pk.w C. G. R 1800.
L .C. G.G. R
R 181!.
W
1798.
Pk
G. R
R 1797.
Pu C.C. G.
Pu
R 18*1.
1790.
W.pu C.C. G.
P.Y
G.G. R
H. 177.
1787.
C.
G.
R
1787.
Pk
C.C. G.G. H.
R 17S7.
W
Vf
H. 1790.
1791.
PapuC.C. G.G. H.
1810.
Fa.pu
G
R
1812.
Pa.Y
G.
R
Pk C.C. G.G. RH. 18
1.
Pu
1798.
D.p.w
. G.G. R
1801.
C.
R
1802.
P.w
C.
G.
R
H.w C.C. GG. R
1805.
GPa.pu
R
1808.
C.C. G.
H.
1808.
Pk
G.
H.
C. G.G. R
1817.
1MX).
RW.pk
R
C. G. R 1800.
PapuC. G. R 1774.
C. G. R 1S03.
Pk
R 1799.
GW .C. G.O R
1774.
39
vv
Y
P.T
W
D.S
la
Bot mag.
1915
s.p;
s.p And.
Aud. heathi,.
beathv.3
** Bot.niag.SS0
s.p
s.p
a.p
Bot.
cab.
6*7
1.
And. beathi.v.3
s.p Tb.eric67.t.SI!
s.p
And. heath,.S
s.p BotmsK.nl!
ap
reg. S
s.p Bot.
Andbeatbs,"
S.P
And. hcaths,r,
-B".csb.S16
a.
Bot
mag.
1723
Bot
mag. i*
And.beaths,c.
Ico.
Pet hor.Kew
mus L lfil!7
And. heaths.3
And. heaths,T.l
beaa
s.p
And.
Bot
mag.
303
Bot
cab.
Bot mag.If368
And bealK
BoteabS*
Amt heatl,T.S
Botcao.iia6
Bot
can. 589
Bot.m:<g.*S9
And.
beatas,.!
Ico. hor.Kew.la
W.eri.llp".
And. bcatbi.'i
Ad. beatas,!
Bol
Bot cab.
cab. 15*
197
Botcab.3*a
B..t. ob SS
Boicab.1050
And.
And. beat!,.'
beatb,'
Bot
mag
Bot
cab
II*
Bot
cab
t*
Bot.
cab.
1
Bot
*i3
Bot cab.
cab.
1S3
Bot
cab.
7S9
Bot cab. 8
Bot mag. *23
Bot. mag.
Bot.
mag. 1^0
966
Wcn.eri.12.P-1'
an
es!!
Hiltory,
Use,were
Propagation,
tribute
tor "Y ,hatwere
" gathered
f then,
sent homeCulture,
dunng
reignof George
"n, ,reto p";l;tmostofthem
U
"Masoll.
-" the
~~=
"cd' S
"11.," " odori
a-red
uv
Mr.
Francisand
Tlieir
beauty '0K"r'.ienm'
neo!
rerou. armies !*'!" "rf Braceiul or elegai it, a lew splendid,
there
are
curious,
"tbefore
may allbecountr
said to h!.UKUre
?"d
Propagatiun
ts
or
tne
urancn*.
>
on
is
one
of
the
most
delicate
branches
of
the
*"
'
'
"Briu,n
tar
i .k",
""mtc in England, and in the Hammersmith nursery, and. ,.places
Jhc onlym.i ^ wnicb
'hitln,
art asmsoroanyothera
heaths
will grow Is earth of peat : if any substitu* be found, it . ,
Order I.
OCTANDRA MONOGYNJA.
303
B.nextVertricob..
Anthersbearded,
Briet ovale
oblongnext
mlCor.
Cor.4-cleft
twiceCorolla
a* longinflated.
calyxa* calyx
51 Anther*
Anther*
bearded, Brades
cal.
thrice
aslong
l"l
bearded.
Brade*
ovale
next
ral.
Cor.
4-parted
scarcely
twice
as
long
a*
calyx
519S Anthersbeardleu,
Anther* beaded included,
leafy, Two
Brades
r<mote from
4 spreading
n00U
FlowerCor.Cal.
termint,
bracte
fl. : fl.oneLeave*
remote,
v.scitl-nairy
StCal
rbomboidjpatulate.
woolly meide,
Leavesnext
narrow-ovate
cunateCor.pectinate
if j - SI9S Anth. beardleu. Fl. term. Two brades next fl : one remote. Cor. inooth Sepal* lin. lanceolate
51
Anth. bearded.
bearded, Brades
Two bracte*
nextLeaves
fl. ; one4 smooth,
remote. Board
Leave* ofanth.
ft. Boardsvery
of anth.
IliOft
51tf Anth.
Anth.
longby very
beardlest,
Fl. term.
term.remote,
8,TwoBrades
remote,
J-eavc*
4, remote.
Sepal* terminated
1 or more
bristles
' u Ms ; 51
5149
Anth.
beardleu,
Fl.
brade*
next
eal
;
one
Cor.
smooth,
Sepals
Whataeent.Twotubul. bracte* next cal. leaves decussate 4, Cor. villous many time* ovate
longeracuminate
than calyx
5901
Cal.
minutely
ciliated,
Tube
narrow-cylindrical
uneolate.
Anther*
beardlee*
Anth
beardleu,
Fl,
term.
4,
Cal.
imbric.
Sepals
ovate
oblong
acute,
LeavM
recurved
ciliated
53uJ Anth. beaidleM, Fl. term, many, Cal. imbric. Lema recurved terminated by a bristle
1.1ciliated
v.. Corolla
elongated,
upwards, withexserled
aflat limb.
4
beardless..Bracte*
Leave*
and flower*
4, Sepals
subulate,
5 Anth.
Anth. bearded,
remote, leaves
4 ciliated,
Beards
of anth.Stigma
very short
Anth.
boarded
included.
Leaves
4
ciliated,
Fl.
capitate.
Bracte
remote
it ft" ff Anth. bearded included. Cor. globose ovate. Leave* opposite and scattered fringed with glands .incar
58 Anth. beardless, W terminal 3, Leaves 3, Bracte remote. Sepals subulate, Cor. 4-cornered
599 Anih.
Anth. beardless,
included beardless,
umbelled,
Hractesremote,
remote Sepals ovate oblong
R term.
term. 4,Fl.3, Ix-aves
Leaves
3, Brades
Bracte
SSII
Anth.
beardlei*,
FL
4,
remote
Ml! FInhi IntiK conical striped, with a flat limb, Tlie whole surface ofcorolla shining
Anth.
Anth. beardless.
term
Leaves
4, BradesSe]tale
remote.fromSepals
terminated
by a longentire
bristle
B
beanlk-ss, Fl.FtFt. term.
term 8,4,Leaiea
Cal. imbricated,
a broad
twee, subulate,
Mb
Anth. beardleu,
4 smooth, Cor.
slender. Style
included
* beardless
beardless,included,
Fl term. Flowers
4, CiL imbricated,
Sepalsincluded,
ovate acuminate
Li Anth.
fascicled. Style
Leaves 4 serrulate
Anth.
includedbeardless.
Leave*
4
smooth
erect,
FL
term.
Cal.
imbricated
leafy
m Anth,
Anth. beardless,
Leavesincluded,
3, FL term.
R 3,terminal.
Bracte*Leaves
remote.lin.Cor.4 smooth.
viscid Branche
*
bearded,
Style
Rowers
deflexed
1 Anth. beardless included, Style included, Leaves 4, Flowers
clustered
m
un.
*
smooth
'* "owers clustered
4 smooth
wLeaves
recurved
../r4nicriiorm.
TuI...
lemnranotie
toothed,
term,ofseesi
included.
Leaves
R. axill.ciliate
remote,PLLimb
cor.
1 Anth.btardlees,
Anih. beardleu,
Fl. terminal,
Cal.4-fi,
imbricated,
R.Brades
4. Sepals
Flowers
terminal
eubseesile
5, Bracte*
nextoblong
calyx. obtuse,
Leave* spreading
Lmvmshorterect,
imbricated.
Rower*
terminal
solitary.
Tube
ovate.
Limb
recurved
MH
leaves3filiform
spreading,
rotate, Stamens
and styles cxeerted
aoi leavesdense
acerse
smoothR3
erect,term,
R axillary,
Tube cylindrical
~|"awl)
imbricatederect,
Rowers
large
axillarv,
Petals
SY***
IL4 terminal,
ovate4 very
longernumerous,
than sawed
limbTube ventneoee
u-aves 4narrowip'eading,
erect smooth,
Rowers Tube
terminal
a~ Anthmcrested,
.
D. Calcinjl
Corolla
in theLeaves
inflated
calyx. umbelled
Cor. ovate,
Style included,
Cal.inclosed
turbinate,
3, Rowers
^"ttmcrested,
Bracteas
remote.
Leave*
3
much
longer
than
the
joints
green
-Anih,
Leaves S,3, Cal.
Stvle included.
included. Flowers
numerous
4BU crHied,
"Wed, Leaves
CaL Imbricated,
imbricated, Style
Flowers terminal,
terminal three
310
m
flagella
IJt
wiry
se*9btrgida Lk.
red-brafti-d
lachncarflia Andr. turgid
5244
I-n hiinea-leav'd
945
nigrtta
L.
blark-tip|ied
5246
bccana
/..
Arbutus-flower
247
fugacious
248 fgax
trimplu&i/io.Lodd. conquering
5249
phvlicoldea
phylica-like
5250
incurva Hendl.
incurved
5251 tcnuiflia
L.
slender-leaved
5232 Thunbrgla
m TliunU-rg's
52SS
taxiflia
.
.
Yew-leaved
5254 petiolta . Itosemary-lcav.
bested
5255
imbricta I,.Saltib. imb.
wool,y-flower'd
52'>6
5257 vclleriflra
Brunides /..
Brunia-like
downy,headed
15358
capitta
L.
559
patena
6380 melanthcra
fhnbriU|dV.
Am.Tkiinb.
.
5J61
5262
mecida
7>. . flaccid
5263
aexfria
aix.angled
5264
frgrans //Amir.
fragrant
5265
oppositiflia
.nr/r. oppositc-leaved
5.''i*; bilra
two-flowered
5267 Bpumsa .
frothy
"5268 vulgria
L. Sal.common
Caiuna
vu/garii
iba picru>
white-flowered
$5269yflore
glauca Sai.
5270
pyrolaflra
Sal.
6271
5272 laxa
lcida/.
Amtr.
5273
AM.Andr.
5274togta
527^
canaliculta
Andr. channelled
5276 horizontals Andr.
horizontal-lvd.
5277
globosa
W.
globular-flower.
52789 gnauhaldet
Gliaphal.-like
rubella Lodd.W. thrift-flo
rdene
Andr.
nitida
Andr.
physdea
/,. H
viridipurprea
arbrea
L.
ttyisa P..S./.
6 resinla
Lambertia
Andr.
m
5287 incarnta
Thunb.
rbeua
Thunb.
fbula LU.Thunh.
axillaris
Cl ASS VIH.
5246
orThsandawKl SS.*?*
.
History,
Propagation,
Culture, be procured and
- .
U 1>
fromtheUse,inv
impregnation,
from the roou , " .ml fF ' >*,,otrate
soil and
reach the should
rood of the plant, and abo> - djam*11m
penetrable
2?jif?'*
""hem.
with pure
peat-earth
aro growing
apt to bekinds
eitheraccordmg
hard do,to Swew
thrive
best intoWJ?
gS Ck
ae,wetPoU" flMed
ur..ted
s,Kge.
The free
^^^"^
1'ke,1,"'
largishWlth
potsbrokcn
to growpolaherde
in. Theand
dwirf
andbitshard-wooded
f?*"^
iiire
water
^
rough
of
turfy
" "i in the creSI nVeP7,ngJlin,e 115 thpy ero* "J tf"' Cane on the top* andf**i
d M
of mow
nt rouks, ftC, chiefly in very samlv Boll, and but little of it.
Ounti I.
OCTANDHIA MONOGYNIA.
41
Anth.
meted,
Leave
3,
CaL
imbricated,
Sepal*Fl. carnate,
Flowers
terminalcolored
three.bracte
Style Included
Anth.
beardless,
Leave*
3
lanceolate
smooth,
umbelled
surrounded
5243 Anthersbearded,
Anebencrested, Leave*
33murronate
smoothFlowers
with a white
edge, Scpatibylanceolate,
Mowers terminal
Sift
Leaves
oval
imbricated,
capitate
Anthen
bearded,
I-cave
3
smooth,
Cor.
campanulate.
Style
included,
Flowers
3
sessile
& Anthenbearded.
Anthenbearded, Style
Leavesincluded,
4, Appendages
subulate
pertinata
longer than3, the
anther
Ks7
Cor. ovate
4-conicrcd,
Fl. terminal
Leaves
3 or 4, Stem pubescent
4.48 Leaves
long ciliated
spreading,
Fl. axil!. Cor.
Cor. campan.
cylindrical,
Cal. with
heeledLeaves
sepal*J imbricated fi way*
Anth.
bearded
included,
Stvit*
included,
Fl
axill
nodding,
5250 Anth.
Anth. beardless
beardless included,
exscrted. Style
exserted,
Cor. campan.
terminal capitate, Leaves 4-incurved ciliated
551
( or. and
calyx scarlet,
LeavesFl.opposite
Anth.
Anth, beardless
beardless,included.
Cor. flat, Cor.
Tuljeovate,
glol>oe.Flowers
Style inexserted.
leaves
3 Lv*. 3 triangular cartilagin. at edge
j
umlicllcd
corymb*,
5^5* Anthenbeardless
Anthen beardless exeerted,
exserted, Stvie
exscrted. Cor. Cal.
campanulate,
Flowers
3 terminal,Leaves
Lvs 33 Lane, smooth
55
Cor.
campanulate,
imbricated.
Style
exscrted,
K5fi
Anthenmuch
extorted
Ix'anlless,
Cur.
cam|Miiulate
length
ofthe
very
hairy
calyx,
K Anthersmuch exscrted beardless, Cor campanuUtc longer than the very hairy calyx,Leaves
Leavesspreading
erect
5258
Anthen
beardless
included,
Cor.
globose
campan.
CaL
woolly,
Flowers
sessile,
Lvs,
J
Im
obtuse villous
S Anthers
Anthenbeardless
included, Leaves
leaves Jbroadish,
Fl.Flterminal.
Cal.Cal.imbricated
few
beardless
included.
line*
long,
capitate,
ciliated
sail Anthen beardless of middle length, Cor. campan, longer than cal. Style exserted, leaves 3
i ~|4
hairy, Fl. capitate, Style
Sepals and bracte
very hairy.Leaves
Cor. gloUwe, Anthers beardless exserted
s*i
Anthers
beardless
Cor.
WH Anthen
Anthen beardless,
beardless.exserted,
Leaves appressed,
linear 3exserted,
smooth,
Limbcampan.
ofcor.
revoluto 3 imbricated in 6 row*
Leaves
Fl.
capitate,
Cor.
limbate
sa-> 2 channelled, Fl term, on short stalks, Sepals ovate acute, Anth. included created
Anthen
A, beardlew
Cor 3, Style
exscrted, Leaves 3
"
bearded.included,
Leavesopposite
sagittate
51 at cmt^- ^*| 3 erect spreading much longer than joints glaucous, Bracte remote from calyx
n Ana*4h. crested,
"""Shaped,
ovate cunate,
Cor. 4-cornered
spherical. Anther* bearded
PU
leaves 3Cal.ciliated,
CaL imbricated,
Style exserted
a., crw,cd,' Ivcs4
I*aves3 smooth, Cal. imbricated. Style
exserted
Sj^nettd,
3
i[!!k '?f*U^ Lcam PP- appressed, Cal. large cup-shaped, ScpaU rounded mucronate
BY fi*
IS ba^,
S~' Iâve,
Leam Bracte>
Cor. campan
flower,mote,
g Anth. beardle**,
Laves 4,andFlowers
8*
?1"?!
Cnr.
ovate
covered.
Style
included,
LeavesUmbels
3, Stigma
4-parted
arolea, Leaves opposite imbricated appresaed,
terminal
many-flowered
590Car
"W
a
^LOBOe-ECorolla
small,
globose.
im
An . crerteu> Two bracte next the calyx, the third remote
WB
; crett<!4l>
Bractcs remote
from cal.Leaves
llaves glandular scattered
at edge, Sepals ovate
5 Aiewi^'J,1
Anth ^7
""',
Style globose,
included,
""" exserted,
Cor. camp,
Leaves 33,or Flowers
4 roughish, Branches pubescent
^'SS!el,UtinoUi' Anth. crested, Bracte remote, Leaves roughish
5-*" AnthlZ&i
i m quUe
imoth.
Anth.Flowers
crestedumbelled ovate. Cal. entire, Branches villou*
*
\ntn" J>4 }*
3 linear
ovate
smooth,
Lhvhlor
iSSt
RBOOtot
tUBbtOedBractes
globose,remote,
CaL lanceolate
short,Anth
Branches
smooth
M AS h! ' . "1"l":","l* /, Fl tanabML
Sepadi oc.it.*,
crated
'ABtKcraW
i
31>1
smooth,
Fl.
racemose
globose,
Brandies
downy
H| Anth
Anth! ZS
crwipd' Si
campanulate,
terminalleaves
umbelled,
erect
Mc
Sr"-* Cor-' Bloboee
ovatc< Umomany-fl. Fl.terminal,
4 or 5,Leaves4
Branchessmooth
pendulous
*
Anth'
braid*)
e,oboee
CaL
ppresaed
cilUtetL
Fl
term,
and
axilL
1-eided,
Lv*.
4
horiiotitul
505 Anth
-*,
Cor. campanulate,
Fl whorled.
hairyciliated
ed,
Cor. campanulate,
Fl term,
capitate, Leave*
leaves 64 linear
incurved
h 3* s
Cuss VIII.
OCTANDlUA MONOGYNIA.
312
.p
W.er.&pJ.ck
1795.
CG
H.
0996 pUnifStta L.
flat-lcaved * \ I or 2i iljn.jls
1810. .p
5.1*7
serpylliioliaThunb.
Lodd. thyme-lea.*ed
*i
|| pror 2 my.jn
s.p Bot
And.cabhea.7vol. 1 I
.. G.
G.G. H.
H.H. 1773.
62se
marifolia
Marura-leeved
*(
s.p
e
1791114 jii.au
6299
hlspldula
Thunb.
brUtly-stt-minedil
|
|
el
1810.
my.jn Y C.C. G.G. H.
&U
i.p
sp Bot
And.cab.
hea.553vol.3
1803.
H.
ftiOl SchoUina
Blamlf.TdiaLodd.
Andr. Scholl'e
\A. Blandford's \I |I cu
or 14 mr.jn
e.p
Bot.
cab.
468
C. G. H. 1818.
myjl Cr
5302 sanguinolenta Lodd. blood-colored - j pr i jajl
And. hea. le
180(1. s.p
It C.C. G.G. H.
5303
Andr.
Savile's
1SW0. s.p Bot cab. 1678
H.
I!v_|el
l_J el 1 I il , Pu
6304 Savillia
aggrcgta
Wendl.
clustered
1S22.
C.
G.
H.
alba
white
flowered i i_J de I jnjl W
> Bot cab. 1741
CG. H. 1820.
w
535
close-headed
IP Bot tab. 11!4
1774.
It C.C. G.G. H.
t 1 I or 11 f.ap
5 ,0 > congsta
paniculUWendl,
L.
panicled
1774.
H.
f.ap
w
suavolens
alba
uihite-flovyred
Bot , 4
1800. s.p
C.C. G.G. H.
Pk
sweet-scented i I cl 11 au
5307
Lodd,
H. 17'J5. .5 W.c.l7.p.7itl
V I or mr.jl Pu
5303 amaina Wendl. feathery
untla
Andr.
1821.
e- BotctUU
myjn W
W C.C. G.G. H.
1I 1i 1I de
de 11 mr.s
smooth
rvta Andr.
1812.
H.
5310
Peira
Lodd.
mushroom
1794. s.p
s.p BoLcabô
W.erî^t'C.
C.C. G.
H.
1
1S"
W
l_|or
5311
gracilis
Wendl.
gracile
1809.
s-p
BoL
cab.
G.
H.
Pit
I1 1 I|or
pr 2If mr.ap
5312 nidulria Lodd. nestling
1774
s.p
Bot.
cal).
G.
H.
f.my
Pu
5313
persolta
L.
garland
1S10.
M>
Bot.
cal.
6?7
C.
G.
H.
t_lpr J mr.ap
5314
hailstone
C. G. h. 1790. s.p Bot, cal.. 167
f.d W
P
5315 grandinsa
puliscens L.Lodd. pale-downy
1 j ap.jn
Pu C. G. H. 1790. .p "- m*-
5316 mitrte/ormU
H. K.W. hairy-flowered
1S23. s-P
5317
cistifolia
Ii 1I elcu 1Ii myjn
And.
voll1
tau W
RD.R C.G.H.
C.C.G.H.
G. R 1787.
mucous
5318
mucosa
L.Lit.L. cistus-leaved
And. hea.
hea. oL
.p
178&
lljLd
slender-branch.
i
I
el
5319
ramentcea
s.p Bot :6
1820.
11 ap
ap.ray
ray
Pu
.
C.
G.
R
honey-bearing
\
I
or
5320
inclinera
Lk.
ap.jl Pk
W CG.
C. G. R
R 1804.
perfumed
*t I J d ljmy.au
6321 odorta Andr.
And. hea. VOLS
I7sa P
5322 canscens
* ; 1 el
eriocphalaAndr.
A. H. hoary
Bot.
cab. 72
1807.
C. G.G. H.
!au.s
pure
*
I
I
pr
W.er.l0.uAcic
5323
pura
ldd.
-
1795.
H.
ap.my
5324 racemsa Tlninh. raccmed
i
I
el
R.P
17
C.
G.
ft
mr.jn
5325
absinthoides
L. wormwood-like ii I| oror 1 JnJI
Bot.
oab.477

.C. G.G. HH. 1800.
5326
scarsa
Thunb.
And.
hea *'
1791.
bell-flowered
\ |[ elpr 61 ap.my
ap.au
5327
campanulta
WendL many-dowered
Dell-flowered
Lnn.l4c.n.l
.
1770.
C.C. G.
R
small-green-(1.
5328
acoparla
L.
Bot
cab.
tot
1820.
G.
H.
i\ [| cude 11 my.jn
532a coarct&ta
triceps Lk.Wendl. three-headed

1801.
C.C. G.
H.
Pu
5330
crowded
1822.
Pa.pu
G.
H.
11] my.s
my.jn
5331
acttca
Lk.
Acta?on
*
i
I
pr
And.
bea,vd2
181. .
W CG.
f.o W.Br
de 2 my.au
S5332
Andr.Sal. crowded-flower.
C. G. H.
H. 1792. W.erApJJ.ic
white-pencilled ii_J\ cu
5333 confrta
penicilliflra
calyculta
Wendl.
And.
1800.
C.C. G.G. H.
5334vill6sa
Andr.Andr. villous
* i J cu my.au
fjn
And. hea.
hea. A
j
1800.
H.
5335 mutabilis
tianeflra
turban-flowered* i i pr 1.
Bot.
cab.
46
1798.
C.
G.
H.
533(1
Andr.
And.hea.wU
mutable
* i | pr 14 au.o
1789.
C.C. G.G. H.
5337
W.
oblique-leaved
Bot
H. 1795.
5338 obliqua
flava Andr.
And.cab.
hea.882"t
ap
three-lvA-yell. ** \| |[ orel 21} ja.n
1790.
CG.
5339
decora
Andr.
gracef
-aceful
*
i
I
el
And.
he.-3-
1799.
C.C. G.G. H.
Petga
5310
cordata
Andr.
apjn
heart*L_|de
1800.
H.
5341
Passcrlna
W.
And.
hea. vol 1
my.n
sparrow-wori
i
J
cu
1798.
CG. H. 1803.
5:42
sctcea Andr./\ . bristly-leaved
** i J| prpr 4 fap
W.cr.S.p.Sf"1
slender
5343
Bot. cab. 170
my.jn Pa.pu e.C. G.G. H.H. 1800
5344 lenulssitna
floribunda Lodd. many-flowered | | cu 1 f.au
5310
,mildUsf.davtrvpdgmiHH,
Caviare,require also very "*8ul'VnJuI>1, ..Manvvf
glass
maymuch
be opened
to admit
cverv
in the
water;as not
at a time,
but nir
so frequently
that the
earthyear.mavThey
never get dry or the plant ,Kig
lit, if they have suffered for want of water, may be recovered by an abundant auppii, a
ibe
kii
bell-glasstheonplant
a little This
heat isbut
the why
roots so manv
a heathheaths
are thoroughly
,,.1
thei willa recover
n.roener
the iftrueoncereason
are destroyeddried,
wlicnn" in"
as Heaths
ui.imber plants, and
by gardeners(eds,
whoand
are ignorant
o their nature.
Igatcdalsot)y'cuttings,
a fewbj .'
n propagating by cuttings,
the tender toi*
are
at whatever season "of fh'yca'r' ticv
whichlarger
withthan
mostthesortsothers,.ut.hemon^rf
June.taken
cuttings
begam,
rather
""
".". lhMn^
, \" B.treng6rowing kinds resjuir- ih? hot-house
-. 'y ubdtotoa little
while
when
they
begin
to
grow,
ti'a
sudivw"?
ki";1*
,hmM
"e
kept
in
the
!..
slmi and witb'g
wi/i g f of >'nK'ood,or
wooa. or euttin
cuttings cannot be procureil. Then take the extreme po"i f
t , d?"'V'";rlM?nknife
or their
lower
end, at right angles,
placing totheancuim
" otr
the
nibtorcutneVrly
Pon.
Thethe
cutting
three; and,
quarters
ne S
leaves from 5?!
the lower"end
half
lonthwillof bethefrom
cutting
in order that'hJong
this ma) beV
M Or.DK L
313
if Uli. K*
Anth. bearded
exerted.
Cor. campanuUte,
Lm
3 exserted
or 4 orate acutefringcJ with glande
leaves
Sovate,
FL
miaute
term.middling,
Style
lougXeavea
bise Anth. bearded. Cor. ovate conical.S-6Style
3 ovate pubescent while beneath
m Anth. beardless
included.
roundish,
leavesFl. 3axillary.
ovate acute
ciliated. Stem
ijShoots
bog. emwhaped,
Leave*
imoothFLCor.erect
imbricated,
S3UI
Tube ofcor.
axillary,
Cal. imbric.
Leaves *Cor. globoae shorter than stalk nodding
i Sta* Si
Bnctn
Leaves 3remote,
spreadingCor.acerte,
Cor.
campanulate
rough
with
short
hairs
withremote,
a short Cor.
open hairy,
limb, Antn.
5Flowers capitate, Bractes
Anth. included
included bearded
bearded
Leave* hairy,
Anth. included
bearded
5SUBractes
remote,Flowers
Flowerscapitate,
very abundant,
Anth. Includedbearded,
Style exeerted
SOT
Leva3ovate
ciliated
spreading,
Fl.
term.
3,
Bnictea
ovate shorter
1rs stalk
M Anth. bearded, Style included. Cor. camp. Cal. villous,remote,
Fl axilLCor.whorlcd,
Leavesthan
4 imbne.
villous
Anth. included bearded, Fl. capitate, Bractes remote
.
BU
Bisi* SU
5310 Leaves
JnarrowStvie
spreading.
[quite 4,"'1
Arth, bearded,
exserted,Cor.Cor4 globose
camp campanulate
Seials linear smooth, Fl. terminal umbelled,, I-eaves
Stem
Branche*
ilcnder
upright,
leave;
3
short
imooth,
Fl.
clustered
terminal,
Cor.
globose
campanulate
5313 LeavesSspreading
Anth. bearded. Styleveryincluded.
camp.3 terminal.
Sepals ciliated,
Leavessmooth
3-4 smooth, Branches Kubescent
*
narrow,Cor.leaves
Cor. globose
Anth.
Anth. bearded,
bearded, Leaves
Style included,
ovatejHibesccnt,
3 hairy. Stem bafj
5316
4 or moreCor.hairy,
Fl. terminal, leaves
Cor. pubescent
53 Leaves
4covercdCor.withglobose
glandular
hairs,I'cdFl.i capitate.
Brades
Cal 4hairy,
bearded
53
Anth.bearded,
mucous,
tonn,
longer
than none,
fl4 linear
leaves
linearAnth.
with
aIncluded
cartil. scrrul
edge
MS
Anth.
crested,
included.
Cor
globose,
Fl.
umb.
Leaves
3-comered
smooth
5iaiLeavM4andbranches
hairy,
Fl
capitate4or
more,
CaL
leafy,
Anth.
exserted
bearded,
Style
lung
exserted
. beardless, Bractes remote
>.- Aiith. beardless. Leaves linear 3 smooth, Limb ofcor. revolute
|^LMves3short
solitary term.
Cor.Flovate
smooth,Cal.Anth.
a little exserted
Anth. U-ardleM
beardless.smooth,
LeavesFl.4 Cor.
lanceolate
villous,
racemose,
downy
Anth.
included.
ovate
campanulate.
Style
exeerted,
Stigma
funnel-form, Leaves 3
Anth.
3linear
linear3 smooth,
racemose,
Bractes
remote
Anth. beardless,
beardless. Leaves
Leave, linear
smooth. Fl.Limb
Limbcamp,
ofcor.
spreading
recurved
Anth.
beardless,
Leaves
3
smooth,
of
cor.
erect
; clrntoil .it Cor.
kw,dilated
Kl. term.
S, SsjptIBractes
lOkrioill
S AMh
Anl" .*
beardless exscrled,
included, Ieavi>.
Stigma :calypteate,
upwards,
remote
beardless
exserted,
leaves
3
smooth,
Fl.
term.
Mylt
exaert
Stigma
peltate
' AnttL
Anth- beardl
beardless,exsert
leavesCor.linear
4
smooth.
Flowers
terminal
nearly
12
urceol smooth, Fl. term. umb. Leaves 3 pointed ciliated imbricated
SAiW.hv.'?nllc*e't,Prtcd R "reenvite villous, leaves 3 revolute villous
Mfi
I "1!
12, cernuous
turban-shapedcovered
Leaves 3
IT!*
3 Cor
terminal
Cor.Fl.downy
green byto calyx,
crimson
Sift
c?irted'
"te smooth,
viscid,
term. changing
umb.
scattered
arcuate truncate
I^bW.JPrwl,n)bricatwl
FLaxOL
Cor. Leaves
urceolate,
Stvle exserted
537i SriJeM inciui*ed, FL axillary spiked, Cor. campan, ribbed. Leaves 6 obtuse
U'ave :i **
villousVCT7 densely downy
Sa S1"*'
Anth S?2r" LeaTei
CiL *-cleft
Ml
n h t r indudeo>
1"1 3hi*Pid upwards.
Cor.Fl.smooth
. 3-4 smooth.
Si LttVM7*
Cor
!
mallminute
obov.
obt
smooth,
umb. erect
cemuoui, Lvx
e* twodotant, PI numerous very
globose
campanulate,
Styleand
exeerted
ose a AmTS^^^^
urinp, and about or 1er,
314
Class VIII.
PCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
53*3
Spanien
53460 auetrlU
cinrea
U.L..
tine-leaved
lufte-floutered
lln Daun.
5347
atricta
atraiglit-branc.
5 143 crmia
reflxa IJr.
reflexed
5-
AUHi
lanccolta/,. Pera. drooping-flow,
pear-leaved
white-tipped
5-5I
leucanthra
Andr.
5332 ttralix
L.
alba
5353 cinerscoru
W. en.
5535+
urceolm Tuinb.
5355
cbica
/.
5356
M'I.k.
rising
5557
amall.l
5358 nudiflra
incna
Wendl.
hoary
rubra
red.owered
5359
reger'minana
W.
cluster-flower,
36) acahriuscula *. rnughiib
5361
bracteolris I.k.
1. many-bracted
5362
protruding
5363 protrdens
flcxusa
Andr.
divaricta We i il aigrag
5354
umbellta
5365ttam,nea
nt/r. umbelled
reflexed-stam.
5.366
latiflia
.4jmV
5367 crnea
!.. WodL broad-leaved
early-fl.-dwarf
herbcea
herbaceous
5368
mediterrnea L. Mediterranean
5369 arhiscula
tree
55370
vgans L. Lodd. little
Cornish
alba
5371 longpedunculata
L. white-awering
long-stalked
5372 ciliar
ciliated
5373
pilsa Lodd.
5374lbeni
W. Andr. pilose
pallid
5373
propenden*
{57i> pyramidalis B. SI. lendent
tyramidal
5>n
echiifli.ra
Andr.
a:hium-flower,
5378
filamentosaThunb.
Andr. long-peduncled
5379
pulchclla
5380 viseara IV.
5381 glanduisa
flcxicailis H.Andr.
K. crook-stalked
5!82tenlla
Andr,
538- alopecuro!des IVen delicate
scurfy
538+ multiflra
furfursa Sai.
column-thread,
5385
W.
many-flowered
5386 rupstr
depress Andr.
IT.
depressed
5387 palus'tria
nana Andr.
5389
D form'
alba
_ W.
fi) florida
i
1]
II
i
i
ec
I oror
I) oror
II orde
[or
i el
L_|or
i_Jor
t_Jor
I
pr
l_Jpror
I I pr
I I or
L_J|>r
l_J
1I II eldo
l_J
l I elor
1_J
il_JI eloror
I 1 or
el
Pu Spain
Britain 1769.
neo.
Pu Britain
Ihm. LL
W
& Europe 17**5.
Pu
W . g. . usa
1791.
Pu
17!H.
W C.C. G.G.G. HH.
W
H.
1803.h.
FW Britain moi.
L
1810.
Pu
177S.
W CG.
C.CG.
G. H.
H.
1790.
Pu CG. H.
1821.
H.
W
C.C. G.
a
17
D.Y
R
W
1810.
G. R
H. una
H C. G.
1791.
W CG.
1R05.
C. G.
1SN0.
G. H.
H. 1805.
RW CG.
R
W C. G.R 1792.
Portugal 1782.
32 jn.a
my.jl Pu
1799.
G.
G. H.
H. 1*0.
2 ja.ap
my.au Rl'a.pu C.Germany
1763. L
ap Pk. Portugal 1648. L
41 jnmr.my
c.Cornwall
gTh. 1410.
f.au
11 jl.au
jl.au
Portugal
G. H. 1805.
1 jl.au
1759.
1 finjla
1.
C. G.G. H.
R 1789.
11lijl.au
mr.au
1SO0.
C.C. G.
R
1787.
G.G. H.
1} f.jn
tmf
l-'.K.
R
.
C.C. G.
R
2Ii luIN
G.
R
1774.
!ii ja-iny
mr.jl
C.C. G.
G. R
R 1800.
1791.
iI my.jn
my.au Pu
C.
G.
H. una
Pa.pu
G.
H.
17'.
I2 jn.n
au.d F France
G. R 1731.
J jn.au Y C. G. R
i mr Jl
1 jn.
hu
S1Hmyjii
au.n
11 jn.d
au d
fja.ray
I1 jn.au
jn.au
1IJmyjl
ap.iny
1 my.jn
ap.jl
211| jn.au
jl.au
11 jn.au
l1 my.au
my.jn
11 mrjl
ap.my
ap.jl
ip
.p
a.p
a.p
Lp
ip
s.p
s.p
.
s.p
.
.
..
And. hea. Toi 3

Eng. bot 1015
And. hei !. 8
Botcab.1787
Bot.
cab. 8SS <
\V.K.&p.llc.t
Eng. bot. 1014
It
Andhocke.
bea. toL161
Sntraed 3.157
BoL cab. 1728
Bot cab. 517
And. hea. vol I
And hea
And
hea. vol
toLS2
And hea. .
Bot mag. 11
Bot mag 471
Bot
Eng cab.
bot 843
3
Bot
cab
103454
Bot
Bot mag
cab. 6W
Bot
Andmag.
hea 440
Toi 2
Bot.
Andmag.
hca. 366
rol 3
Bot reg.n.'.'tt4
6
Th.er.
lc
Andhrthea.kew.
rol. 12
And hea. rol 2
Bot
And cab
hea874!.
1
And
And hca
hca. rol 2And. hea11.0-rol.t-J2
Thu-cri.
,64. t
Hfiory,
Propagation,
Culture,
the ceda, ifandihaded
freah, willfrom
beginthe
to come
up,aun
whentillUte,
theautumn,
glaaaea may
remoied
nd thintopottpooKf fl*
thcglaM,
mid-day
whenbethey
may bybedegrees,
tranaplauted
the
glaw
bin.aalleat
ill,.,t
size
^.
ftu'jSXi.l?
maytobepreaerre
.own a>them
soon till gathered,
"JJgJj
it if after that period,lnitthu
will
be better
Spring, andif they
then ripen
treat before
them lue
but
acede.
by layera,
auchtoasthrow
E Masaoni,
one or 1ol
hJ*!>"
i":1
*hc"propagated
>'1 "luiie
two years
out roots.retorta,
On thepeliolata,
continentandresorts
O ?! cF0*'"
1,lre' brause
thereItheyBriUin
ire ignorant
of the easiest
^"'"rexlhall,
tht
< '
is a gardener
of the mode
nameofofmanaging
Hcndcraon.
at Woojn
lo uft.
"""
has hadof an
extensive
coUection ofin Eric
for upwards
years
undei bus JS*
care, and has given
some acount
his mode
of management
a late TOlumc
(vol 111ot P-
OCTANDRIA MO.VOGYNIA.
315
lu?
S^SnW ,"uS 1.'"""P acut,, SMtSSiWteS '- Uaws

nairy,Cal.tl.acute,
capitate,
Bractcs .~, vui
Anth.
bearded,included,
Cor. ovate.StyleStyleincluded,
included,
. racemose
iJ
Anlh. bearded
Cor
slender,
Leaves
4 obtuse
glandular,
FL capitate
M
Awh.
>
included,
C>r
prismtica!,
Leave*
3,
Fl.
in
bundle*,
Bractca
many linbnc.
SM Anthen
Anth. beardless
exserted,
leavestwice
4 spreading
terminal
umbelled,
Sepalsinvolving
ovate the H.
beardlessnearly
exserted,
Cor. oval
as long ashairy,
smoothFl.calyx
i Si3
..
Anthenexserted,
beardlewFLexserted.
Or. campan.
3 acerse
mo Anta,
axill. Leaves
linear 3, Style
Filam.exserted.
very longLeaves
rerlexed
Antherted, FLFL axilL
axill. Leave*
leaveslinear
3ovateS or4, Brade* in middle flower-stalks,
., Cor. conical
Anth. exserted,
Anth. exserted, FL xilL leaves 4-5, Br;.cte* above the middle flower-stalk, Cor. urceolatc
Anth. exserted,
,hi'rt preading.
terminal urceolate.
Style a little
spreading
iO
FL axilLFl.Leaves4-j,
Cor. campaiiulatc,
Pedunc.
the length ofcor.
Antil>nd
much
exserted,
Flowers
axillary
on
very
long
slender hairy stalk*
Wotceoieal, Leaves 3 ovate ciliated, Anth. beardless
HP'111a11
<WLeave*
hairy, 3Cor.linear
ovate,
Seu ilsAnth.
brownbeardless
at end. Stamens and style exserted
^ Ur. conical,
smooth,
fiif- cjlind.
cylindrical,
term. Bracte
remote,
Auth.remote,
beardless.
ovate Sepals subul. from a broad ba*e
Ur.
calatea.upward*,
FL term.
Bracte*
Anth.Sepals
beardless,
wr.
cylindrical
dilated
upwards,
FL
axill.
Two
bracte*
next
caL
Sepals
ovatethan
oblong
l-l cylindrical dilated upwards, Fl. axill. Sepal* subulate. Peduncles longer
flower
nrw
*Llindrical
Elated
upwards,
Fl.
axilL
Sepals
subulate.
Peduncles
much
shorter
than flower
p* cylindrical dilated upwards, Fl. axilL Sepals linear
conical, Anth. bearoiese, Leaves 4, limb ofcor. erect
3?^!***'
m Anth beardless included,Bmk
FL terra.
4smooth, FL-terminal 4
Anthen bcardl cxierUS Anth .?1Krted.Fl

Anti,ert
.- mote, m
- -s lia' 5,Cor.caj
iL twice a* long * cor
Anth.
a*
" *">-. Cl .proadmg *.
Mctnoira.
..
II limo
cool and
(ireirr
bt
~>.i, and
*\ jienuiingtoej,oplante.
Class VIIIOCTANDttIA MONOGYNIA.

sie
s.p
1800.
CG. H.
And.heaoU
And. ba "I S
6391
Sotan'dra
Andr. Solander's
v_J
1_I de
d 1 J mr.s
1799.
H.
my.jl Pk
R CG.
s.p And.hea.vd.2
5392
acta
Andr.
rinled-cupped
1788.
CG.
H.
my.au
L.F
6393 cmjietroldes Andr. close.flowered |_J or Ii in. - C. G. H. 1796. And. heard. 2
turrlgcra
Cypress
4
55395
Bergina Sat.
W.
Bergius's
i_l cu ap.au Pu CG. a 1787. And. hea oU
Sndrytr.i
Andr
, 1 my.au W CG. tt 1799. L s.p W.er.8.p.w*
rbta
-fimV.
bearded
*_ H
6397 retroflex'a llenrfZ. Jointed
i_l cl 1 JU "V . G. H. 1787.
pulchlla Andr
my.au Pu
1789. And. betrat!
#a* IIII de
5S98 trrtculril
thymillia Thunb,
Andr. Thvme-leaved
1 I
.. G.G. H.
H. 179a
Th. er. . Sit'
alcdor-flower.
el
6399
tnuie
W.
en.
ap.jn H-Pk C. G. H. 1795
hairv-leaved I I or lHropPK'Rc8:1:
,ir. .
5400
hrta
If. If.
Sat
Sehne
dwarf-downy
a
I
!
or
6401
strigsa
s
J
And.hra.rol.3
aoft-leaved * 1 I de '. R G. H. 1803.
5402
t
I
or
5403 molleara
raccmH'eraSal.Andr. compact-flow.
I cu 1 .my RR CG.
5*1+
ptlullfcra I'. Sat. ball-bearing
CG. H.
H. 1789.
1790. .
. Bot. mag- .
huddled.leaved * I I or I ;i ap.jn
5405
pubescent * l_l cu nir.s Pu G. R 1790.
5406 catervieflia
tardiflra
Sal.
E. iubcscen< . M. small-fl-downy I 1 pr 1 mr.s Pk CG. H. 1790.
5407
5408 parviflra
exigua Sal.Sal. small-downy sil I pr 1 mr.s Pk CG. H. 1790.
Sp.56.
LL
'"-1-156
893. MENZIES1A. Sol. ferrugineous
Menziesia. . or i Rhodoracete.
myjn
Br
N.
Amer.
1811.
Sm-ic.
Par. lend.
44
5409 ferruglnea Ph. globular-flow, n- or
5410
globularia
Ph.
l.
O.g.
"
35
ilose
s*
ot
6411
pilosa
W.
rish
* or
5412 polfona H.K. dwarf
l il Eng. b.1
nana L. T.
Yew-leaved -tx. cu
or
6413 cerlea
S al Eng. bot-
Yellow-wobt. or
894. CHI.ORA. If. perfoliate
6414 perfolita W.
Campanulacete.
Sp.
1.
895.
MlCHAUXIA. 3[ Ol or 4 jn.au L.B Levant 1787. S r.l Bot mag 21'
6415MICHAIIX'IA.
campanuloides W.If. rough-leaved
1. 1792. jj , | Bot 15" '
896. JEFFERSCNIA. Ph.two-leaved
Jeffersonia.5t pr J Papaveracea.
my W N.Sp.Amer.
5416diphylla Ph
517.1690. p.1 Cav.ic-P-4^
Donoraa. * CD un 6 Tcrebintace.
897.
DODONA.
jnjl G S.S. Sp.
Amer.
5417
viacusa Kth.
If. If. clammy
Amer.
1822.
GG
two-winged
LD
un
5418bialta
4
...
Botrcp.230
oblong
*
LJ
un
6419oblongiflia
Lk.
N.
SW.
1790
three-sided * \ 1 un 5 in.au G
5420
6421 trlquetra
angustiloliaIf. If. narrow-leaved l_I un 5 my.au G Jamaica 1758.
Salicaria. Sp.3.
S Rsuw.it*>-1-'
Lawsonia.
898.
LAWSO-NIA.
Egypt
Rh.maLl.l'
Henna-plant
6422
lnrmis
If. W. prickly
E. Indies 1759.
1759. SS s.p
5423
spinosa
If.
E.
Indies
1820.
5424 purprea Lam. purple
Mclastomacea.
Sp. 47- (99. ap.IBotreg.5J5
Melaitt Y Ceylon
OSBECKIA.
899.
Bot. reg. -jl.au
6425OSBECK'IA.
zcylnica If. If. Ceylon
China 1IMilin.au Pu
Chinese
5426
Chinnsis
W.
pi Bot
Hook.reg.- pic
Nepal
1820. p.1
starry
6427 stellta Don.
Pu
Nepal
.
lin
6428 nepaiensis Hook. Nepal
5420,
6396 ,5403
Vie, Propagation,
,of growing the ne often,
m,
who
complain
ofi the difficulty
(Prodrom,
&c. artignorant
Erica.)people
Those
who
complain
Loddiges
remarks,
who
have
never
had
a
neain
w
. su. ingncts,
One circumstance in favor of the culture of heaths is, that they pvw.
are not subject
Of. thoK
rarely
[Greenhouse
p. 62.) to those which are certainly diflerent from eac
The so.number
of speciesCompanion,
is here rciuced!
.
enumerated
in
garden
caulogues
many
are
mere
repetitions
each
other.
.eeessful
botanist,
w
893.
ilemietia.
Named
i"i
honor
of
Mr.
Archibald
Mensie.,
an
assiduous
irJ""
,
Hving,
accompanied
Vancouver,
In the capacity of his surgeon, in his voyage round the orlo requiring i
the
of thejjrivate
naruj,
sameornament
cultivation
as Erica. circle in which he movea. Small heath-like plant, allfCperfol."The whole
894. dye*
Chlora.
From
green, in allusion to the color of the dried flower ho travelled The
plant
into Syr*
lyes
yellow.
Mlchauxla. In memory of Andrew Michaux, botanist to theking of France, wl
OiouL
OCTANDRIA
317
MUNOGYNIA.
MONOGYNIA.
5391
Anth.
cratedincluded,
Flowers
capitate
campan,
cernuoua,
Leave*
4
cernuoua
53K Anth.
Anth. crated
Fl. 3, FLLeavea
4 tubulate
tnucronatc
5393
bearded,included,
Cor.
whoried,
Leaveserect
hairy
5*1
Lea*narrow,
Cal. campan.
recurved
horizontal.
withspiral
segm.
imbricated at baae
5330
Anth.
created, Leavea3
lanceolate
rough, Cor.
FL .3,globose
CaL ciliated
reflexed
5 Anth. crated included, Cor. urceolate hairy. FL umhelled, Leavea 4 ovate
5K Anth. bearded included. Cor. globose much leaf than colored calyx, Leavea 3 with a membranous edge
Anth. bearded
S homedincluded.
included,Style
Cor. exeerteu.
axilL solitary.
Leavessmooth,
3 ovate cordate
Anth.
Cor.umbelled,
camp,
Fl. term.ciliated
ML Leavea 3 lin. Branche! hairy
5W
Anth.
bearded,
Leaves
3
linear
hispid,
PL
Cal.
rough
5*il Anth. bearded, Cor. camp, smooth, leaves 4 pubescent ciliated
M CaL
linearsmooth
withLeaves
a recurved
limb, Capsule hairy
54
Anih.i-deft,
beardedCor.included,
Flowersurceolate
racemose.
clustered
j*H
Anth
bearded,
leaves 4 ciliated,
umb. angular
Cal. navicular
at endobovate
SWS Anth.
bearded perforated,
leaves 4,FL Stem
downv, ciliated
Cor. narrow
Anth. bearded, Leaves4, CaL oppressed, Cor. linear pubes, with a veryshort recurved limb, Caps, hairy
Anth. bearded,
leaves 4,4, CaL
CaL appresaed,
Cor. linear
linear pubes,
pubescent,
smooth
K8 Aath.
bearded, Leaves
apprcesed, Cor.
with anCapsule
oval tube
and very short limb.["smooth
Capa.
S*Lern cbov. lane, beneath, bevond the nerves smooth, CaL 4-cleft, FL urceoL
MO tarespubescent beneath, Calyx 4-fld, Cor. with a globose tube
tambeneath
}^*M ovl pubescent,
term,CaL
aggregate
densely FL
downy,
4-parted,nodding
Tube ofcor oval
5*13 Leave*linear obtuse with cartilaginous teeth, Flower* SÂeft decandrous
taresperfoliate
H15The only species
16The only species
Leaveobovatenarrowedtm
oblong W
Leave,lane
LeavesobL
mucronate
entii
^Leaves
lanceolate
narrowed
Leaves oblong
oblonv lanceolate
I.*
length of rtJiLk
^c
4fc, rather
.,<
4ti*n&22^*~ir
i.
....
5,27
OCTANDRIA MONOOYN1A.
31ft
Melastomace*.,. %7-S0.
cab.
D su Bot
Riem,
t*900. RHEX'IA. W
Amer 1751
\ jn au Pu N.
Bot
reg, l-366
66+1 10
Maryland
Braid
MSI. I)D -P
5429 maana
W.
au
Ph. am* or 61 jnjn.au
pi
twiggy
$5*.>l
vimtnea Don.
Carolina
1312.
S
p.l
_1
I*
ciliated
Guiaua
5431
PA.JJ*.
mag. 9r* S"
'k^
2 iny.jn
D pi .guil.tie
two-valved
N.
Amer. 1893.
1759.
.-454332 ciliea
biv.il'vis
iO
cu
pr $ jn.au
Virginian ii*
p.1
S.
Amer.
1793.
virglnica
W.
Bot.
reg323
ni
marsh
55*34
equities
IV.
Braid
1816.
\V W. Iridies 1818. f-1 Bot. eau.
10 jl
54.35 holosericea Humo. silky
. or i5
headed
5*36 glomerta 1.
So. 32-+1.
dan. *
SS Flor.
(Bnothuu. 3t Q) or Onagrarite.
1901. NOTHE'IA. w. common
1629.
jn . YY N.
Bot m.ig.
M>
N. Amer.
Amer.
1778.
5+37
biennis
W.
fc.lt
4
jll.au
great-flowered
5
CD
or
SS Meerb.
54-18 grandiflora IV. small.flowered! SO* 4 in.au Y N.
Amer.
1757.
M.
.
got
ftti
N.
Amer.
1789.
5434
parvifira
If.
YY B. Ayres 177a S Bot mag- S
3.1 jl.au
prickly-stalked
^ CD
or
54*0muricta
W.
jl.s
Sch.
ha".
Lfc
long-flowered
*
CD
or
S
5*41
longiflra
Avres 1732.
2 Jll.o YY S. Amer.
wave-lcav. 5i CD
5+42
moliissimaW.I*'.IV. sort
1790. DS Bot
Jac. itreg.1 114;+5
sweet-scented
ororor 25 ap.au
5443odorta
YY C.. G.G. HH. 1790.
ap.au
night-smelling
Ol
S
5+++
nnctirna
W.
1791. i) JO T^lndl coll. 10
jl.au
villous
orr 24lll.au
S445 Tillse IV.
1818.
jli.au YD.Y
1 Peru
. -7.-7
Bot mag.
3?
toothed
5 O)
A
5+46
dentata
,jn<ft.
3i jn.au
N. Amer.
17g. DD sp
mag.
3*
shrubby
p-n,l Bot.
5+47
frulicsa
1.1
D.T
N.
Amer.
1757.
Bot
mag.
S47
dwarf
or
D
5++8pimila
IK
.....
1783.
1 my.au Pk Peru
Bot. mag.
rosy-flowered
5449 rsea IK.
purple-flowered -AI
1 my.au Pu N. Amer. 179*. Bot mag- 197*
$5450 purpurea
W. Bot.
D
(Ji
,
reg.
562,
.
Romanxou
1
Mexico
1816.
5451 corymbsa . M. corymbose
1822. SD p.1
5452 stricta Udebuie
N. Amer.
1823. D
5453
mdia
hink.
N.
Amer.
5454 linearis Mich.
N. Amer. 1822.
1770. SS s.IB.1 Heal*it9
Bot nun.
5455
sinuta
II'.
Mexico
1796. D pJ Bot
ma. W>
5+56 tetrptera W.
N. Amer. 18IL
Bot
mag. Ig
J?,
DD sp
5+57
cespitosa
.
ht.
N.
Amer.
1811.
lint
sp
5*58
macrocri*
.
M.
N.
Amer.
181.
Bot mag.
mag. WW
I>D s-P
5459
glauca
Ph.
N.
Amer.
1811.
5460 l'rasri Ph.
Peru
1824.
D Bot mag.
5461
tenuiflia
ftp.
Chili
1821.
S
54*12
acalis
Ca.
Chili
1822.
55463
tcnlla
f.ver.
N. Amer. 1821. SD w Hook.
FL lier.ex.tSUfl- si
546+
E|iccisa
Hook.
Peru
1823.
SD
5+65 virgta . per.
California
1823.
5466
hlrta Lk.Nutt.
N. Amer. 1822. S s.p
5+>7
N. Amer. 18.1.
54ti8 triloba
albicalU /'.
Sp.N. 57.
_ S p.1
Onagrare.
Gm
u
V
+902.
OAU'RA.
W.
Amer. 1762.
5
au.o
K.w
CD
or
biennial
SS s.)s.) JacicS-t1
5+69
biennis
Ph.
1811.
or 3 ...o Sn.w S.Ixiuisiana

Kartet
5470
coccnea
Amer.
1816.
shrubby
5471
fruticsa
W.
N. Amer. 1795. SS S.1s.I
lj1 jl.au
Y
iSpr
changeable
5+72
mutbilis
three-|>etalled O cu au Pk Mexico 180*.
5+73 triptala Ca.
WlLLOW-HEKH. or 4 Onagrari.
803.
EPILO'BIUM.
FT.
jl.au Pu
angusiiioiium
r.
nuw-iMj
,
Row-bay
547+
angustflium
W.FT. I'mear-leaved
2 jl.au
Pu
5+75
aiigustiesimum
5+76 latillium W.
Orache-leaved ;) A or
or 4 jl.au
-5436
54+1
.by Use,
900. ni-jrfa. A Greek name employed
PlinyPropagation,
to designate,
a Boragineous g denied
of peat;fror
firr, to burst that is to aav, good againtt ruptures. The hardy pccics thrive ticai
they
grow veryDerived
well In im.u.
901.will(EnoMcro.
from ...at, wine, and
to hunt The mot of, th.a .ant
an n'j* biennis
11,cat<âi
after meali, arc incentives to winejlrinking, aa olives are. 'ITiis is an ornamenta
rimrosc, because
light
rich soil,
and they
by seeds
cuttings.in the
O. biennis
tnc,'"f,f01 ,h'c,
the flowers
usually
open increase
betweeneither
six and
sevenoro'clock
evening,is calico
l nc mode
. cxl*n,i
of .lila
ur.ous.
Theatpetals
areandhelddiscover
togethertheatcorolla,
top bvathelonghooka
atbefore
the end
of the ra,>iv",,
p1)0,
force"
first
separate
bottom
time
it
acquires
"
'
*
unhook the calyx at top ; when it has accomplished this, it expands very fast, almost . ^ frI)
certain
and ofthenthemakes
aatstop,
takingtoathelittlefinaltimeexpansion
to spread out ipiitecorolla;
flat : it""4"'monl
""S"
Id'"!,1,
U.ttom
hlt"01rl,hc
in"''"?
the cours,
of calyx
the neat
day, sooner
or later according toofthethebeat
or coolness
tne weather. H>
Coi -i I.
5439
Ln.
lane.
S-nerved
villous
ciliated,
hairy
ifj 4
tDLareoTitelsacS-nerved
hairy
onquadrangular
eachCalside,idellate
Panic,
termMowers
looselysolitary
many.n.in an undrre
,
M' NO
Leaves
finely
hispid
at
edge.
Stem
smooth,
J flu
5WS Ln.
Deeandroui,
Ln ncssile.i-ncrved
smoothserrate
ovate ciliated,
obtuse 3-nerved,
taps. 2-valved
SUS
senile Lanceolate
Cal. glandular
ciliated
6*34 LesreTcoruate
Lvi opp. cordatecrenulatc
l'an.7-nervcd
term, trichotomous,
filiformJWjWJT
&4
silky 3-nerved
onhairy,
each side
sessile, clustered
l'a, Brauch
term. Flowers
with brutes lu-aidr.
Ln.
stalkedovateovalentire
villous,
FL terminal
? Ln. ovate-lanceoUte,
ovate-lanceolate flat.
Stemdecimate.
muricatedStem
villous.
Stamens shorter than cor.
WBLn.
Stamens
shrubby
Ln.
ovate-lanceolate
flat,
Stem
smooth
sulmllous,
5
Lts. lane,
flat, Stem
muricated.
Stamens
lengthStamens
of cor.longer than cor.
Hil Ln.
Ln.
toothletted,
Stemspurp,simple
hairy, Pelais
distant
2-lobed
Ht
lanceolate
wavy
H4S
Ln. line,
linearropand
lanceolate
toothletted
wavyStem
pubescent
5*H Lvs,
toothed
putrescent,
roundedglaucous.
pubescentStem hairy
5Ln.
lane,
villous,
Stem
angular
hairy
Ln lanccoL
luUincarsomewhat
tootliletted.toothed
Cape,acute.
cylindr.Caps,verystalked
narrowobLtoothed
5H7 Ln.
Ln
clvate
angular
Une entire
obtuse,
Capsendsomewhat
stalked
cllipt
ovate
angular
HB
L*i
ovate
narrowed
at
each
toothed
;
lower
lyrate,
stalked obovate angular
H5 Ln ilaucoussmooth lanceolate entire, Cans, sessile
ovateCaps,
angular
Stem
upright hispidLower
furrowed.
Leaves
toothletted.
Mas. angular cylindrical
Aj Stem muricated.
lvs linear
vervlane,
longrpand
toothletted
; caulineCaps.
lanceolate
erect pubescent,
late,atlin.eachsoftdidpubescent,
rounded sessile
*H Stem
ubescrat,
Lvi lin. lane,Lv.acute
enure, FLCaps.
term,obi.aggregate,
Cap* clvate 4-rorncrcd
Ln. toothed
sinuatcd.at Caps,
** Us.
Une pinnatilid
Iw pmmatical
oa*f Miicellancous Particular*.

; the stalk
in height,
there il a con.
-'Rinora has ,,.^ June
aufumn.
Thekeeps
roots continually
are eaten 'inadvancing
some countries
in theanilspring.
t*< Wh 1| I*"" UrS shewy, which continue from July to Octohcr.
i*
very .*"?"
'"'1. re
most beautiful
plantarcof our
J!" "files. AHa,i,
"l"tJft "> called
fromamong the.u|rb.
It. flowers
r,eterrien.
colored, in fine
Sfiff'|,7111","'01 <fc''"tl'cr.,.ndrV'ring
the
same
management,
"'.,
j"'
""vcof'mi'
1""'
1
,n
<
*.
a
nowcr
growing
upon
a pod. E.
,, ,!,Worn
""'*'UKdTOoftrtm
bllr"l. where,
from Lapland
to smoke
Italy. ofcities,
It is valuable
in shrublicna
stun
lacees of , j ""every
even in tile
and ill parks
: it isa goodas
'it.2
.'""""
&
J"';'8
'""'i'.
rld
increase,
not
much
relished
by
cattle,
very
laSZLL"/Wh when 52??,,2?''' ' >oung shoots arc eatable, although an infusion of and
the plant
tftt KamtsdiatiLli
>
'i0'1
lieconiing
sweet,
is
liv
a
projicr
process
made
into
ale,
and
this
""let; itis also added to the eow-bannip, to enrichthe n.e* '
Bit

320
D
Britain
watprodlin^ttCrcam* orI>r 42 jl.au
Britain wat.pL DD ro Eng
5477
jl.au
5478 Mwfttero
|4>rvirtorum E. If small-flowered
C.
G.
H.
17
2
jLau
Cape
iAI"r
D
Britain woods. D m.s End

5479
villsum
Ii".( broad-smlh.lv. ^ A w 2 in.jl
England
mar.al. D mi EiifJ
548!
motitniHO
pale-smooth-lv.
w
Enf
ni
Britain .
5481 alsinin
rscumhum
SM. Sm. t hickweed-lvd. i w
Eni
Britain mar. DD m.*
548'2
if.
square-stalkod
fc
w
Lp
5483
tetrag.num
W.
N.
Amer.
1805.
2i jlin
Fink-flowered
^
or
S
Lp
Switaerl.
lÔ.
5+84
eoloratum
(.
alpine
iOPr
S cl
Dauria
18.
5185
Daurian
O Pr
Britain
mar.riv. DD .1 Eni
6486 alpestre
tlahricumSchmidt.
ficA. round-stalked
Eni
w
H
Britain
ai.
5487
p:ilii*tre
W.
Alpine
w li"
5488 alplnnm W.
Sp18.
,
Fuchsia. * 1 I or 6 my.au S.Pu 1788. p.lpl
t9M. FUCH'SIA. f. ecarlct
5489
W.
ilender
* i_J r 3 my.o S.PU Chili . . 18&. .1 Be
5490 coccnea
gracilis
Lnrf/
1821
decusstn
M.
N.
ZeaL
3
jn.o
G.Pu
barked
s* |_J or ap.o S Chili 1796. .1 I*
5491
5492 excortical
lyciotdes IF. W. Boxthorn-leav. * ; ) or S .
Sp. 11
v
TO JAMBOI.l'FERA. I. Jsolifbhv
13418 |>edunculta Dre. peduncled U i f.u G E Indies 1800.
906. OXYCOCTUS. P. S. CXBEr.
g
5K
pali.strit i". S.Ph. common
J-*~ " 4^^
mV
Pu N.N. Am.
Amer.tur*..
17f. LP
6
mKin Fk
1806.
LL Pp ^
546 macrocroui
erythrocarpus P. S. large-fruited
upright
- I my.jn
U. < rectus Psh.
Fricea*. Sp. 27-30.
WlIORTLE-BEKHY.
Britain
he*, LL P
907.
VACCINIUM.
Bilberry
**
Britain moon.
5497fructu
myrtiPlus
L. L. white-fruited
142 ap.jn
ap.jn
N.
Amer.
1772.
LL Pp
albo
my
jn
N.
Amer.
1772.
pale
*
5498
pal'liduin
H.
K.
22 mv
ju
N.
Amer.
1772.
6499 stamtneum L, long-stamened
my.jn
white-flowered *
Hud. Bay 1823. LL PP
L.
01X)12 lbum
ca**pit6sum
Britain
LI' Pp
2
ap.my
uliginsum L.Mich, turfy
Bleaberry
Carolina 1765.
21) my.jl
SditlTisum II K. tree
N. Amer. 1776. L p
Mich.H.K. BlucU
2 ap.my
4 arbreum
angusliflium
N. Amer. 1774. L p
murtt/foides
Mich.
3
my.jn
dum.*um
K.M. bushy
N. Amer. 1770. L p
hirtllum
H.
r 2 my.jn
furtum H.Andr.
K. clustered-flow.
foftasum
N.N. Amer.
Amer. 1761.
L Pp
narrow-leaved
augustiflium
Blue Tangles
frondsum
L.
177a L P
8 g/aeum
venstum Mich.
H. T-.
ligmlrinum
\ 8
.... -i1
5480 4
History,
Propagation,
^ ^q
from that plant ; *< fodder, goaU arc laid
to beUse,
extremely
fond ofCulture,
it, and cows andl ecp^^
the semU mixed with cotton or fur hae been manufactured into etockingi> ^ codi
E. birsutum is found only in rich moist soil by water. The leaves sn;L ..lantboth we"
pye904.when green, but
lose
thatinodorhonor
whenofdry.Leonard
CaltlcFuchs,
are rather
fond <*"5
"n botanist, Aai
named
Stirpium,
1542, Sowith
excellent
F.
tS!t
un.iish d
greenhouseinshrubs
; the5young
woodengravings
and nervesin ofwood.
the leaves_
are wgwwiu
1
blossoms,
most produced
axils ofasthetheyleaves,
nooft
part of thelikegrowing
season, andfrom
are the
succeeded
fade byas athe
purple
berry,J The
me n.finest si
of Many
this species
isspecies
at Salt-Hill.
rbnblv be very 1
other
have
latelyspecies,
introduced,
someweofknow
which will... P?V'
America
contains
someFrom/*ro,
mostbeen
splendid
of which
in iru.u ntry.
Cutti|
. Jambi,!ifera.
to bear,
and Jttmbot,
the name ofn<<nmg'
a Malabar
sand
under
a
hand-glass.
,
,.
.
eenus
<6.\ .
und segmenUfruitof ;corolla.
on account
"^^-ni
from
accmium, byrum
the narrowacid,
revolute
Theseofareits pretty
.
to which a peat soil and rather a moist situation are absolutely necessary : iney
eunuro.
wild both in England
. palustris
bearssays,edible
berries
whichpoundssgathered
worth
tarts
Ughtibot
twenty
or thirty
worth are sold each market day, for five or
Hl
** s"iCffil"."!Mhl
Si
I
*'
M'
bi
21
vw enure, Mem OBCpndi

oppo... >.|
..^serrated
smooth> _
'ied, Leave, 0fiU&Unceolate<b()nt3

tte
^^^^^^ the Umvei
. , m, aegm. ofcor. oval
lanceolate
^Ltt oral
i ciliated, Flower not revolutc at fin*.
_nnooth,
errate ovate
deciduous,
Stem angular
sJiorateacuteserrulate
Racernce
with filif.
bractn,
camp.
Leavei
oval
at
ent.
glauc.
beneath,
Pedic.
sol.
axill.
Cor.Cor.
opencylind.
camp.soL
Anth.
exserted
[exserted
Ln oral orobov. acute entglauc. ben. Nerves and veins pub.
Ped.
axilL
filif. Cor.
open camp.
Anth.
~r*1**tufted
glabrous,
Leaves
cunate
rounded
deeply
sawed
membranous,
FL
soL
1 imall obov. obt ent above smooth, beneath veiny pubescent glaucous, Fl. soL cor. urceolate
*w Leavesstalkedobovate acute at each end serrate, Racemes nodd. Cor. cylind. camp. Anth. included
Leaves nan. lanceoL metnbr. ent Nervei and edge pubescent beneath, FL scatt soL nearly sessile
8Branches andIvs. coveredwith resin, dots, Lvt obov. ent Rae with bracte, Cor. camp, with round, seg.
Lu..acutemilraooth, Racemesaggreg. term, corym. Cor. cylind. with short erect seg. Style exsert
Leavesobov. blunt ent glaucousand resinous beneath, Racemes loose, Cor. ovate campanulate
Branchesant Leave subscss. erect mucron. lane, Clusters wssilc. Cor. oblong ovate, Fl. s
in the ^
"W V
V sbJJ
SbtnodouUbceuUivatedwiftcua!
'mselra or with milk, or kbtt Iff* *>
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNI
S22
43 my.jn
my.jn Y.a
... N.
6509rin6suiri H. .
.J
N.
33 mv.jn
Jk-rt, Andr tvllfloux-red
red-flmucred *
m'y.jn Pk
B_v N.
7 n.y W N.
5510 OTvmbsum !.. corymbose
daomorphumH. CMich. broad-leaved
6 mv.jn Pk N.
5511
amoXnum
3 ap'my Pk N.
KlSrinttum
H. K. twipsy
S11 my.jn
W g.N.
5513
gale"
M*
galC-'f""!i,
S
my.jn Pk
KlJtcnllum H. Penaylvanian
ptmsylvnicum Mich.
nim'i/suui W.
*ii.' W. Sut. Madeira
5515 padiolium
_ fr 4 Jn.au Pk M
arctortphylos
. M. J''0 . , ,_|or 2 mr.jn W.o Js
5>lfi
meridionie
Sen.
g Ca
5517
Myrtle-leaved U __ ;pr i1 jn.jl
5518 myrtiflium
crassiolium Mich.
Andr. thick-leaved
Iii
5519 Vi. Ida L.
Cow-Berry J apjn
Pk NN
JJ ap-jn
np-jn
i
"
.<>
iorgctf
fJJ
5590 hlspldulum ir. Snowberry . ir ap.my W II
GauUhcriaterpyUiJcila
Fsh.
2 my.jn Pk
55S1adecmbem
nltidum *.
glossy
decumbent
-n. P
1"pr J mv.jn Pk
5522 myremte
Mit*.
Myraine-leaved
U my.jn -Pk F
lanceolum
lanceolate
yobtnm
Muse
J-- pr myjn Pk
5523 buxiflium Andr. Box-leaved X- cu my.jn Pk >
brach$cerum Mich.
90S.
Mkhecyuw. [_] "i 10 jl
5584MEME'CYI-ON.
capitelltum If. . Ceylon
Lagetta. * cu 6 ja.d
909. LAGETTA. J. lace-bark
5525 lintena P. S.
ThyincliT.
Daphne.
910. DAP'HNE. IT.
Pk
44 f.aj:
5526 Mczreum W. rcd-floivercd S*
Pk
W
43 f.ap
f.ap
Vihite-ftotvcred
*
lbum
fap
einooth-leaved
*
5527
Thvmelse'a
W.
3 my jl YW
5T>8 Tarton-rnira W. silvery-leaved

26 j.T,mr
my.jl W
Alpine Laurel **
5529
alpina
W. W.
Ct
Spurge
5530
Laurola
3 ap.my G
Pontic
5531
pntica
W.
* or 2 jn.au W
Bonacc-bark
55S2
tinifolia
W.
Flax-leaved
5533GnUum
31 mr.d
sweet-scented
5534odra W. W.
ap.e Pu
Pk
trailing
5535
Cnerum
W.
3 ap.my
\V
Altaic
5536
altaica
IV.
23 ja-d
W
Olive-leaved
5537
oleoldes
.
M.
ja.jn
Pu
hairy
5538
W.
2
ja.jn
Pu
ncapt/litana Hort. Neapolitan
, .V, tm/Atga/Mi, C'Ui

landers ent them with milk, and make them into tarts and jellies,
a velisn
to
ntrangerR.'
V. ulifiinosum grows taller than the common bilberry, and has lai
havealeseBlight
flavor,head-ache,
but abound
with awhen
weak acid
juice. (Eng.
Bot.)
and
grown
vintners in France
are saidespecially
to make ue
of full
the juice
toand
colorquite
their i
ardent spirit which is highly volatile and intoxicating. The Alpin*
common
in
their
haunts.
(Fitiart.)
V. Vitie
idaea isandof bitter.
very humble
growth
and toalmost
herbaceous
acid,
astringent,
Theytheir
scarcely
beinferior
eatun
raw,
where
they
are
called
cow-berries,
flavor
is
far
to thei
rob
or
jelly,
which
is
eaten
with
all
kinds
of
roast
meat
in
Swede,
currant
sauce for
venison.
It is also
excellent
medicine
mouth
oras afauces.
{Smith,
Brit,forand
Eng.anBot.)
says, inisth<
Wet
liolnnia
toplant
Stockholm
pickling,
and
theLinnanis
same thing
lornied
that
this
was
used
for
edgings
in
Norway.
V. tenellum ia a very good fruit
OmuL
octandra monogynma.
5 Li* stalked obL ovalUuiit cntirebencath resin. Racemeslateral one-side _
,..,.i,,,t angular
, Cor. ovateconieal 5 ai,giar
5510. brancha leafless, Lvs. obL ovalacuteateach endent young ones downy on bothtides, Rae short scaly
5511 floweringbranche*
Floweringbranche oblong
leafless,leaft.
Lvs. Lvs
. acute
at each end
Racem.
clust bract
Cor.coryiu.
cynd.obi.
Cal.bract
refl.
5SI
Lane, acuteat
eachtmooth,
end serrai,
smooth,
Kac. tees,
Cor.
cjlind.
contracted
at
mouth
551J I.rs. eeeilecunate-lane,
pubes.lane,
Clustmucronate.
boss. Cor. ov.Fase
muchcontracted
mouth, Cor.
Styleovate
exsert
Brancha
angular green, eerruL
Leavesveiny
tesa, ovate
clustered term,atsessile,
55L5Flowers racemose. Leaves crcnulate ovate smooth
{(J*8
acute Leaves
ferrate stalked
flat shining,
RacemesClusters
terminalaxilL
erect,sessile
Cor.fou-,
prBmatical
feiCreepingwale
veryobLobi.smooth.
--'
13.spread.
Lvi.
lane acuteateach
endoval bhining,
J Sals
Dwarf, Leaves
obovate
i creeping hispid, Leaves roundish oval acute bristly at edge
Erectmuchbranched. Leavesevcrgeenobi.Une. acuteat each end rigid, Cor. open camp, deeply ^toothed
Leaves very small sessile oval mucron. beneath hairy dotted, Clusters term, and Ut Cor. obL ovate
23Dwarf, Leaves obovate crenatc toothed smooth, Filam. gland. Stigma cap. Cor. short ovale
5Leavesovate stalked, Umbels capitate axillary sessile
Spikespanicledterminal, Leaves ovate acute
35 Flowers Sessile three on the stem, Leaves lanceolate deciduous
557? Flowerssessile
axillary,aggregate
Leaves lanceo!.
simple obovate nerved sill y
Ftowen scwilc lateral

atleaves
the baseBranches
scalv, leaves
H"*eilc
lateralaggregate,
lanceolate
obtuse downy beneath
*^" axillary 5-*~~* 1 es lanceolate smooth
5
bi1*;'
^flowered,
cTv"?'a'C?me
^
' ,B
Sit] u,Z~ roniPound erect n, lanceo),
"Weeol ovate
orate
? "* SC 10 "if Arbuii v
of the Arnum. T, i,lri,'""',*" " > Triai,,

Will root In .and under and.
.- . vt-ive, tcxnû!7,o'K',;'~"y overeen.
S"
bqeboTlhj,
r to lie snaring
to Hid
*? O 1' pan. 1,1 kan
och
very l.irLe , ;;. r"r,vwl ,r'""
^rS'""^,u"
most irres DrCU I popular topicjl
Ya
Class
OCTANDRIA MONOGYN1A.
324
1.
175a S il Bot reg
6 Thymchtte.
mr.ap Y Sp.Virginia
911.
553gDIR'CA.
palustris m
IF.
Thymelax.
Sp.
813.
bp
GNinia.
1768.
.
C.C. G.G. H.
9125540GNI'DIA.
W.
. Bot.
Bot reg
ma
Fine-leaved - 11 PT 11| my.jn
1792.
Pa-Y
H.
ap'.au
Bot nu
B-L_IPf
1786.
5541 piniflia
imbrbi* W.
. A. smooth.scaled
Pa.Y
G.
H.
1
my.jn
Flax-leaved - lI el 1 injl PaY . G. H. 17W.
5542
simplex
W.
Bot. re
\1 cu
1781
Pa-Y
C.C. G.
5543
W. /1. t. purple-twigged
s.p
opposite-leaved ELtL\I
prl>r 11| my.jl
1788.
5544 capitita
oppositifolia
Pa.Y
G.G. H.
H.
my.jl
BoLrcl
Bot re
liltf
t-l
1820.
Fa.Y
C.
H.
5545
eertcea
H.
K".
li
my.jl
*- 11 Pr my.jl,. Pa.Y C. G. H.
I.
5546
i.ianV. shaven
polished
L_l pr Thymelit. Sp. 13.
5547 denudta
lajvigita Tnirno.
Stbllera.
913. STELLERA. W. -leaved
W s. Europe 1759. - Jac. ic
O cu 1 jl.au
5548 Fasserlna W.
Thvmeltree.
Sp 819.
s.p Botin
Wen '
Searrow-wort.
914.
PASSERI'NA.
H. 1752.
1 jn.au W S. G.
filiform
.. i_J
5549
filifrniisIF.IF. b. shaggy
Europe
1759. .1
l_I cu
cu
5550
hirsuta
... Wen.'
.. ii_|
l cucu 1 jn.o W C.C. G.G. H.
5551 tenuiflra IF. in. Blender-flower,
H.
1789.

headed
5552
capitata
W.
C.C. G.
H.
1759.
Jap.my
W
Wen.'
Bot
one-flowered
.
i
I
cu
5553
uniflra
G.
H.
1789.
1
my.in
W
BoUcJ
H- 1 1 cu 1 my.jn W C. G. H. 1787. .1
5554 grandiflora W. great-flowered
.1
Boto
piked
H.
i_J
cu
5555 spicata IF.
lax
a. l_J cu ijnjl W C. G. H. 1804.
5556 lixa W.
Sp. 528.
ThymeUece.
Lachnau.
915.
LACHNiE'A.
If.
1773. S r.m
W t.. G.
Bot ri
II ror S2 jn.il
1793.
5557 conglomrala If. cluttered
G.G. H.
H.
jnjl
W
woolly-headed *\i
p.l
pi Bot.
1800.
5558
eriocphala
IF.
C.
H.
2
jn.jl
Pu
Bot i
purple-flowered
1
1
I
or
pJ
5559
purpreaH. H.K. A. glaucous
* 'I or 2 myjl W C.G. H. 1800.
1800. pi Bot i
5560
5561 glauca
buxiflia Lam. green.box.leav. * I I or 2 myjl W G. H.
Bot i
W. COMBRETUM. *. Q or 15 Combretacex.
+916.
jn.d
SPu Pj~-^;a,e
Madagasc.
818. r.m
r.m
5562COMBRETUM.
purpureum IF. purple
Jp
1
S. Leone 1821.
.
or
'-i Hort.
DIGYNIA.
Chruopodex. C.G.H.
Sp.}S- 1752- _ p.1.
Galewa.
I_jcu
2 jn.au^W
917.
GALE'NIA.
W.
African
5564 africana IF.
Amaranthaeex.
Sp. 1. 1813. I. P',
918.
-.
W.o Braafl
5565APHANAN'THE.
celosioldes Ut. Lk.
'
. l_l cu Ijjl
919.
WEINMAN'NIA.
L.pinnate
WMNXANXIA. or 6
St* .815. ..
5566pinnta
i.
myjn
Caryovkvex.
13 1775. al Sch.
920.
Nnaimu. w J jn.jl t.Pu S. Sp.Europe
5567MHRIN'GIA.
muscsa W. W.mossy
5544
,
Propagation,
Culture,
application for the toothach. The whole
plantUse,
is extremely
acrid,
especially when fresh, an
the
mouth
excites
great
heat
and
inflammation,
particularly
of
the throat andBoth""J0*
*/ .
swallowed
prove
a
powerful
poison,
not
only
to
man,
but
to
many
quadrupeds.
trie Dar*
orsores.
Mezereon
in different
haveasbeen
long used toexternally
cases under
of obstinate
am
In France
the barkforms
is uaed
an application
the skin, inwhich,
certainulcers
man.iKi
angserous
dischargeof without
blistering,
and is thus rendered
in chronic
casesand
of ainconvci.
local <
purpose
what is called
a perpetual
whileuseful
occasions
less pain
ownthe
country
the Mezereon
has been
principallyblister,
employed
initsyphilitic
casea
The brancnes
yellow
dye. ia valuable in the shrubbery as thriving under the shade and drip of other
D. Laurela
growing
to an unshapely size and figure, and in the nursery as aflbrding stocks for the more ran
roots
and
other Fn.m
parts ofi....,
the plant
possess Asimilar
qualitiesgrows
to those
of theplaces.
Mezereon.
Sil.
prea.
fountain.
plant
in watery
lion de V
grows
in hilly
Norththe
America
is inwhich
all its parta
the ti
sequence
luedswamps
for rods,in and
bark for: itropet,
basket,
&c remarkably
Layers are tough,
generallyandtwo
yea
.aSllT.
9"? tl,clr
of ,hePunamM 8i,e"
'ne ancients
to the Daphne.
Theie
plants not
"I
them SH^Si
> w4r"h
drainedbywith
broken potsherds:
are must
be taken
L , K ? them Hag for want of water, as their roots arc very tender and UK easily kill"!
unas arc G oppositifoha, and . pinifolia. {Bot. Cult. p. 198.)
Cuit
OCTANDRIA MONOGVNrA.
335
to!*
UKSf=S3?*>
nownFw
terminai ^"'lc'
StSSill' Scale'
-Vi- ''^"'*---nd
g Kaltoed lane h
* ^" Scale* eiehl beardless
by bracte. Pediinnl nij
U>& 2X2 ">""<, FtoiS te
Miliary eaile l^lm
" "*< numerous terminal on.

Bar
DIGYM-
m; crenate smooth
fc L.
lant-col. acut
" SWZiTeii*r]|M,n,i
s
Particulars.
*>0.
^ Gmc,in.
I ^,'scrilane<nit
memoryandof died
Georg.
the academyplantat
""fciw.
,,d
in Kamlschntka,
in Wllh.
Siberia,Steller,
in I74&adjunct
An ofinconspicuous
.i*ingnntin
'.'It *mJ\^"U*
tQV"Tm*
the
same
culture.
iwwT'' a parrow. Its seed has an appendage at the end like the beak of a sparrow.
XTlte*?
toirtivW * rom a -
WO',inonand.
count of the woolly heads of flowers.
"**
called.rebJ?'
.h- nan*.hlch
npbycdby
plant ofclimbing
the ancienU
no relation
to theof
is Hiny.
genus Thesplendid
shrub*,could
withhave
beautiful
branche
Thej . Ml ,vc Unu! r PUr|>lc' *nd onieUmc white. A number of specie* are found at Sierra
^^befcretter^r
^ |
the famous
Galenus,papillose
bom atorPergarmts,
stem round.
A -luokmg
shrub,physician
with the Claudius
leaves obscurely
bladdery,
êtiiay
aij
,
A
ne
contrived
from
privative,
*,
to
be
remarkable
ra iT not remarkable for tW fc ' 9-
yg
* 10 * ffrown 111
OCTANDRIA TIUGYNIA.
SSI. rOLY'GONUM. W. Pnncaiu.
5568
amphibiumL. /.. amphibious
5570 ocreatum
virgininum L. spear-lcaved
Virginian
5571
lapathiflium
II.
.
palc-flowered
5572 Hydroplpcr L. water Pepper
5573
dyer's
5574 tinctriumaiirrro
mlnu
W. L.
mall
575
Persicaria
spotted
5576 incanum Schmidt hoary
6577
bearded
5578 orientale L.
white-flowered
5579
rrutscens I..Ff.
5580
5581 aviculre
arenrium Bich.
5582
tlcgana .
55K3 erctum
L.
5584
chinense
1.If.
5585
sagltttuni
55arirlium
If.
5587
Convlvulus
55K8 dumetrum L.L.
5589
/.
5590 sclldcus
littorale Lk.
5591
Hellar'di
AIL
5592 aectsum Hieb.
55593
crlspulum
5594
Bistrta Z./,. 1
5595
vivlparum
5596 divaricatum L.
5597
undultum1L.en
5598
5599 acblulum
sallgnum If. en.
5600
tatricum t. /
5601
cmarginatum
5602
Fagnpjruin.(//.U
503 alpinum
922.
01..
5604uvlfera W. W
TRIGYNIA.
Polygone*.
1 jn.au
Pk
ifc*i priv S3 jn.s
au.s W.o.
W
w
1
jn.s
& w 1 jls
uQJJ
dy jl.au
Pk
OO www 2i jl.au
Pk
W
2
jl.au
Jt cu 2 jn
oror jl.o R
Ko
4 Oo orw
a
JOw
prw
a^ (23
oO dy
iOm
O eu
buih
On
Ameriean-clim
.i
un
eea.shore
_i
Bcllardi'
.
un
un
sour
upright
pr
Snake's-weed
Alpine-Bistort ^3t:: mpr
divaricating
[I un
wave-leaved
narrow-leaved
II un
un
Willow.like
Tartarian
OO un
un
notch-seeded
Buck-Wheat ^ O cu
ag
alpine
: un
Skaside-Grapr.
round-leaved J fr
Sp.Britain
36. dit D si
Siberia
17). 1)D sisi
N. Amer. 16*1.
England
dungh.
Britain wat
pl. 8S sisi
China
I77b.
S .!si
England waLco.
Britain
dit
Germany 180*. SS sisi
China 1819. S si
EE. Indies
Indies 1707.
1781. SS
Class VIII.
Eng.
bot 436
aattath.lt!
Pa.th.8J7. f. 6
Eng. bot
Eng. bot
Eng. hot IMS
Eng.
756
Pet h.botbr.tif.8
Bot mag '213
reg. 254
Siberia rubble.
1770. L si Bot.
Eng. bot 1252
tiPk Britain
Hungary 1807. SS Pl. rar. hu. 1 67
Pu
D
W.o Napl.-s
N. Amer. 1821.
1792.
P.W.o China
Bur. hot
in. 1A30.423
1795. SD sisi Lm,
N, Amer.
SS sial PI. m.t.3SIU3
W.o
N.
Amer.
1816.
W.o
Eng.
941
corn.fi.
W.o 5Britain
Flor.athot.
dan.
Europe
1803. SSD si PL
w
477.t .50
N.
Amer.
1749.
)'k
S. Europe
S Al.pcd.L90.r.J
W.o
Europe 18-U
... 8S
W.o 6Crimea
W.o
mag.
jl.au W.pk Siberia 1800. al Bot
bot 5U910"5
my.s
Pk
Britain
mapa.
1> si Eng.
Eng. bol 6* ,
my.s
W.o
Britain
al.
pas
I>
jl.au W.o Siberia 1759. D Gtuel.sui3.tl0
jn.jl W.o Siberia 1789. D s.1
jn.jl
W.o
Siberia 1816.
my.au W.pk
W.o Siberia
Siberia
1816 SDI) sisial Gm.ii.3.tU.tl
jLau
7
jl.au Pk China 1796. S s.l Eng bot 1044
jl.au
England corn.fi.
S si AL lied, t til
my.au Pk
W Swi'..erL
1816. Dil
Potygonett.
Sn.
820.
60 ... W.o W. Indies 1690. r. m Jac. amer. t. 73
5540
5575
23 jl.au
ap.o
my.au
211 jl.au
ap.au
6 jl.au
6 jl.au
my.s
12123 jta
my.s
1 jn
1 .djn.jl
1
History,
JLOSfEL From H*' man?.
""I Use,
-/". Propagation,
koe, many Culture,
joints These are nearly all
many,
!hoiT
Bistorla,
being b.oneprocured
of the strongest
vegetable
might
wellwere
*1
."?\muf*
U,'V""8 ,pea,"crif 11 <
in uflirient
quantity.astringents,
The young
shoots
fornix
ahot
TtS?S?'
m
<**
""
of
England,
where
the
plant
is
known
by
the
name
of
tuter
SJLjfJ"*!*" bey are luUstatuUal for greens under tlie name of Patience Dock. (Orr, gjg ,
v^v
and frequently
sudorific. changing Into vegetable. bulbs. -..
have
th "i.
Crlycon,',lcrlldlob,!!lliIihannic
""1
on ofarniunt
of the"d
flowers
1L

'"
"""0
* l,"".
are eaten
in Sweden ,"nd Lapland, Siberia and Taltsry
equal
",,'^
most
diffic"11
WW!<I"
'
eradicate
from
recovered
alluvial
great d", ,h ,?, ^' l,,nlc" Fi>u'oin. The roots, which in the water are properly stems, "e*"* ' ,
vented
AoVn hu,L" ; *".'' 'h-ou*n<"
*> blowing
or otherwise
stirri id tosurface,
liebeen
a yearthe
inkW
gra.giltS
will
ttlg3ESgte&
,
if II
have
recovered
f'' """
and 1*estuario
' '? '
>'olygonuir
Mall
lany
tracts
in
Scotia
Id aswhich
underfnnncrlyweresusPM*"
such l"c,in,'"l|l
scriesandofseed,
yearsthestillindividuals
never advancesAsm
so far asa toown
abound withmust
thi be the
flower
inUiewater.
Hydropipcr avid
i,' , ,'S1
*.
appearance,
when in flo',|. chnense
V o'urelii-,
andshowy
woollen
cloth
. ond Mi
'inetorium ai,'I
I "'
V*
will dyearew<,llen
^loth
a yeyellow
also
and aviculare,
cultivated
inofChina
for color.
dying cloth of a beautiful
OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
327
TRIGYNIJ.
\ 1. FIovxtspentnndrovs.
Halfdigyn.
Spike
ovato,
Stipules
lacerate.
Leaves oblong or lanceolate
>
Flowers trirrnous,
Leaver
570
halfdigynous,
Cor.lanceolate
4-cleft unequal. Leaves ovate
\ Flowers
digynous,
Stipules
unarmed,
rough,
Seeds
depressed
on each side
II'etluuc.
2. Flowers
hexandmus.
SBH
Flowers trigynous,
halfdigynous.
lane,Stipules
wavy
not
spotted,
Spikesciliated,
filiform Leaves
nodding
55S
Flowers
SpikesLeaves
twiggy,
th
truncate
ovate acute smooth
."T
Flowers
nearly
monngynous,
Leaves
hn.
lanceol.
flat.
Spikes
filiform
erect,
5575 Flowers
halfiligynous,
Spikes
ovate-oblong
erect,
Peduncpubescent
smooth, beneath
Stipules Stem
ciliatedrooting at baso
5
Flowersdigynous,
Spikes
oblong,
lA-avc
ubi.
lanceolate
5577 Flowers trigynous, Spike* twiggy, Stipules truncate ciliated, Leaves oblong acute smoothish
MFlower*digynoue, Leaves orate, Stem\3.erect,
Stipules
hairy hypocraterifonn
Hum
heptandrous.
" 1
\ 4.Stipule
octandrotu.
Flowen
Leves lanceolate
narrowed
way,rough
lanceol.
shorterofstipules
than theremnte
joint . Ac*.
Flowers
twining.
B*J
axilL Leaves
ellipt each
lanceol
atStent
edge,
Nerves
61
Flowers
trigynous,
Spikes
term,
leafless.
Leaves
lane.
lin.
Stems
angular
declnate h
Flowers
large
axillary,
Spike compact,
Stem
Flowers
Flowm tngynom.
trigynous
axillary.
Stemstout
erectsheathed
S
PedunclesLeaves
rough,oval.
Leave*
ovate
stalked,
Bracte cordate s
fsagittate,
Stemprickly
pnckly
B Lwves hastate, Stem
WLitrescordate
Stem leaves
angular.keeled
Segm.winged
ofcal. obtusely keeled
8 Unes cordate, sagittate,
Stem smooth,
S ?cotllalt"' simple axillary. Stem smooth
Sat?
Um oblongellipt
acuteUnceoL
veiny fleshy,
Stipules
ciliated much shorter than (hejoints
se Flowers
**i
axiIL '"W"*.
Sheaths
ciliatedStipules
Ingynous
axillary,Leaves
Leaves lanceolate
fleshy
vcinless,
2-i>arted
-71 t "talked
obovatc mucronulatc smooth
* Stemwithnotatwining.
5
crisp
revolute
edge
,imI'lc
one-spiked.
one-spiked, Leaves
leaves revolute
ovate wavy
runningatdown
the stalk
t-!
lanceolate
nowers
racemose, Leaves
lanceolate
smooth,edge
Stem divaricating spreading smooth
SetriKynfHispanicled, Leaves lanceolate wavv rough above putwscont beneath
S ii**1
tri8>'nous
5P*001 racenube-paiiicled,
raceraosc.paniclwt, Ix-aves
tcitVM linear
lanceolate
Arc
lanceolate smooth
smooth acuminate ciliated at edge
UM
1 XnC^Btc
"'"*10' Stem unarmed,
unarmed. Seeds
Seedslinear
toothed
cordate sagittate,
truncate
at end emarginate winged
noweri
tSZ ef*te
"Bittate,
Stem
unarmed,
Angles
ofseeds
equal
tngynous racemose-panided, Leaves ovate lane, smooth ciliated at edge
*** Usv4 cordate roundish s' 1 '
V^Tfe^
^"^'"'* lo
"nnual
Articular,.
' the flt.
rere first
to EuropeTl.eyby
s near
MountsentArarat
^ . the severity of winter In

rsoilm- 1" seed issaiH ( Y cakestorni1 -s. fe; a; rn
1
^70Dth?Sl^^c,tUc^0ftrte^Hent
'Mes an,! poultnrS * / "1'1 111
Class VIII.
OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
328
r.m
1812.
W.o S.W.Amer.
r.m La.U.t.3ier.4
P1.phy.22* f.
ortm 20
5605 latiflia Lain. broad-leaved
Indies
1690.
W.1
downy
ftJ
70SO
r.m
.*'1
5606
pubescen!
W.
W.
Indies
1733.
W.o
oval-leaved
tin
r.m
Jacam.
114.171
5607
excorita
W.
W.
Indies
1733.
W.a
Jac.
spcar-leaved
ortm 60lj
560Spunctta
Barbadoesl790. r.m
W.u
r.m
Hook,otoex L.t
Barbadoe* J?T
C~l
5609 barbadiisisW. IV. various-leaved
St
Dom.
1818.
W.o
r.m
Jac.ich.iti
Q
or
5610
Jacq. laurel-leaved J or 20
W.a Caraccas 1822.
5611 diversifa
lauriflia Jacq.
So. 639.
Jac.obS.ttM
Pacllinia. |_ or 15 Sapindacea;.
923. PAUI.LI'NIA. W. winged-leaved
W.
Indies 1739.
1752. r.m
.
r.m
Jac
efe J
5612
pinnta
W. W. shining-leaved l_ or 18 ... W.o
S. Amer.
W.o
s.p
Jac-ob..tSi'
5613
curassvica
W.
Indies
1786.
R s.p Jac-Obltol
LLCD
oror 2016 ...... W.a
5614 barbadnsis 1. Barbadoes
W.
Indies
1739.
W.o
Jac.
.J
Supple-Jack
5615
polyphylla
W. Caribaean
... s.p Hookob.3.at16
... W.o W. Indie* 1819.
. 11
6616
a Jae.Jusi.
Beadlree-lvd. (L|_ Cj
CJ oror 1012 ... W.a Brazil
5617 canine
meliflia
Sp. 2.
Seriana. fl_ or 15 Sapiadacete.
824.
SEBIA'NA.
V7. w.o S Amer. ... --"61,"
Jac. sch. 1- 1- w
5618sinuta
W. W.W. sinuate-leaved
tooth-leaved |_ or 15 ... W.a Caraccas 1816.
5619 ,Caracasana
Sp.
312.
Sapindacc.
S
Bot mag. M'J

ao
CARDIOSPER'MUM.
W.
Heat-beei>.
India 1594.
il
W.a Brasil
5620 Haliccabum YV. smooth-leaved l [] cu 4 jl.au
SS
1750.
5621 Corlndum W. Parsley-leaved 1 * jn W.o
S . N. Spain 1823.
5622 pnbscent Lag. downy
L [_J
S p.l Com. bort, t W
926.
SAPIN'DUS.
W. common
Soap-Berrt
5623
Saponaria
W.
S pJ PLalm.ll7 C
5624
margintus
W.
en.
edged
5625
Ash.leaved
SS r.m
5626 rigidua
longifliUBW. Vhl, long-leaved
p.l Boj. cor. .1. 68
5627
Fahl, emarginated
5628 emargintus
rublginsus Roxb.
rusty
TETRAGYNIA.
38. 1781.
graM. IM
Vebea.
9S7.
VE-REA.
W.
Illts
Ii*. Lss-J Plant
2 Sempervive.
ll.au Y E.S,J'.Sp.Leone
Indies
Bot
mas
.tt "Z3
Elacinita
P. S. cut-leaved
1793.
Lss.
Y
Bot
rep.
59J'*"
Vere's
Zj oror 22 jl.s
crenta
W.
E.
Indies?
1806.
Ls
il W
acutiflra Haw. white-flowered n. Zj or Sempervieea'.
i
I.
i.
Sol. Bryophylliim.
928.
a1D.JI G.Pu E. Indies 1800. Lss.l Par. lond. 3
5632BRYOPHYL'LUM.
calyetoum Soi. large-cupped O- ZD cu 2 apji
Asphodles ! Sp. 12.
. Eng. bot. 7
Paris.
829.
PA'RIS.
W.
j
lcu myOn G Britain woods. D p.l
5633 quadriflia W. Herb
Safraeea?.
Sp.
1.
MoSCHATBL. A A cu mr.myGw Bnl woods. D s-p Eng. bot i53
930.
W. W. tuberous
5634ADOX'A.
Moschatcllina
i
Sp. 14.mar.la. S s i Eng. bot
831.
W. small
Water-wort. * O cu J:Caryophylleat.
au England
5635ELA'TINE.
Hydroplper W.
5610
,5625
HUtory, Ute, Propagation, Culture,

a considerable sise, its wood is valued
.*'' ''..
rra.]v
lied rather
for' cabinet
work. and
Thea large
berriesstone
are ofwithin
the
sizeof
K""',.'*
iulp,
astringent,
spra
or purplish without, with a thin pulp,
' under
""'
* '" " freelv
Uttings,
taken
off
at
the
joint,
and
placed
a
haiid-gia,
ill light loamy soil ; and ripened cutti
ng
under
a
glass
is
sufficient,
as
the
leaves
must
not
be
"
c4l"^ r0Ot frcoly: onc cutting t
_92S.
.w. PmdUnia.
luwimw. So
00 named 1640,
bv
ny ,
Linnjcu,
from Mmon
Irom
Simon1648.
PnulliLprofessor
I'.iulli, prolefisor
orof botany
uouinj a,atwell.JJV^JJf-^toSS*
. ".îtintf
stirK.t0
Botanicum
and aFlora
polvphylla
In the woodsQuadripartitum,
of Jamaica it rises
with
slender,Dnica,
woody, tough,P. flexile
stalk,aflbrds
and ascends known
among a'"'"hM
u"-
a considerable height When the wood is ripe it is cut down, barked,
and used as riding or " ' h d.
All the species succeed well in a light loamy soil ; and large ized cuttings root in sand under
glass.
9.
Seriana.
Named
by
Schumacher,
after
one
Paul
Serjeant.
Cuttings
roottoinitssandround
underseem,
a v. "jrch
92j. Cardbtpermum.
a heart,
and m-^,forseed,
in allusion
marked
with a spot like aProm
heart *4,,
he plant
is remarkable
its inBaled
membranous
capsule, trom
ita"
I. sometime,
balloon vine.
, wrncn
1. vh i< used
'"{"""-called
A syncope
of sapo-indicus, Indian soap. Its fruit is covered with a pulp,
V, ink
hen
rSj.'
,ashm'!
,!nmS.rformerly
Saponaria
bear, toa berry
asVge
as a cherry,
inclosing ;a ,1:"';|,
nut of fJ"ib,3S
when
ripe.
These
,,,.
C.
El,BLlld
J
bulton,
,
WaistcoaU
"'"
.h
.
,
.':;
Jhesc
'.'Ot
were
brought
England
for
buttons
to
waistcoats
skinf oror pulp,otV
wth
difTcrentthemetis
they were veVy
durable,
do nottowear,
broke The
'1
,urrounds
nut 15is^ .*.!])
sapimaceous,
aiid
Uis used
used asinthey
America
wash and
linen;seldom
butitixery
f,> hS.dff'"?r
l.i.n ... I which
: " 1,1,1,,|
Illll
|^,.
Ii
IU.,
.Mill
"'
lfoft
u.
^'"8
a
verv
acrid
nature,
rivulets, or creeks, is obint plant, especially the seed-vessel, being |iounded and
Iii I Oun in.

OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
Iii 5605
329
LeaTpi orbicular
entire ?pubescent
broad contracted at base
59J6
Learn
Leavesoblong-ovateacute
cordate
atbase,
Racemes
pendulous
Sae Leavn lanceolate ovate
5609
Lnretcordate
orate wavyovate, ofthe branche ovate cordate
SS10 Lear
ofthe branchlets
5611 Leaves oblongobtuse ateach end coriaceous flat
5612&n,piriform, Leaves in 2 pairsLeaves
with 2antenate,
odd one. Leafletsovalorate
lanceolate
sessile creiiatc
5fil3Vslteiofcapi.halfobcordate,
Footstalk
Valve ofcapa, obovate,

halfovatevillous,
Leaves 2 tmate,Leaflets
Leaflets ovate
ovalcrenatc.
entire
and
serratededged
5fiUValvesofcaps,
Leaves
supradecompound,
leaflets
cunedte
crenatc
atcoriaceous
end
KM Leave* biternate, Leaflets oval toothtetted at end, Branches prickly
5617 Cpk piriformi-wingedat end, Leave* in Spain with an odd one, Leaflets subsceaile pubescent beneath
5618 Leaves tmate, Leaflets
lanceoL
toothed
sinuated,
Wings offriiit
5619Leavesbtteroate.
Leaflet*ovate
oblong
remotely
toothed
quite smooth.
Wingsdilated
offruitbehind
rounded behind
30Stem
stalks and down?
leaves smooth,
cut, Segra.
stalked cut-tootIied
-,i Leavesbeneath
biternatelyLeavesbitemately
cut, Segments stalked
cut obtuse
508 over pubescent, Capsule* obtuse
SEI Riehlsleaveswinged. Leaflets entire lanceoL of3-4 pairs: the terminal with long point*
M jUthli ofleaves winged unarmed, leaflets lanceolate of6 pair*
^
, h" not
not winged,
winKed, Leaflets
Leaflets lanceolate
ovate oblongsmooth
3 pairs
Ucnu
smooth ofSofpairs
: one terminal
m Hacha n winged, Leaflet* oblong emarginate villous beneath
uchis not winged, Leaflets oblong lanceolate acute villous beneath of pairs
TETRAGYNIA.
E>Usvfs 3-pirW toothed : the floral linear
entire
M UaTe*
Leavesobovatelanceolate
doubly crenate
Mi
opposite crenate thick, Segm. ofcor. acute
2Leavesovalcrenate, Flower* long pendulous cylindrical
thepamoftheplantgreen and in fours
TVonly species
Cleave
teitalked tetrapctalous
]
6632 Î.N
5633
<* mark, mSffSgiSSZ the berrie*. 1, bruijed and steeps
^^âJ^*^-i
Prudence, all *bZ?&5i S
vho patronized gardening
, and .hould be plunged
* h"C ^ MI"Pcd 1 lh ofa nr-tTO.
I
340
hS. HAWBAGia n
5u3ri Cercedla W.
933.
5(137FOHSKOH'LEA.
tcnacissima \Y.
6638
W. IV5I9 cmlida
MlgwfoH
Class VIH.
OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
H>uuim L|_]CU 2 Hatoregnr.
'"tL, 1772. s.p Jac le. i 1-
whorl-flowered
. G.a %Ngwun.il
FonKMLU.
feot
17I7. Sr 14
claminv
O cu 11 ll.au G
ii-l
it 1 Jac.vimU.t.
( m
932. Hioraea. From >.r, , theHistory,
sea, andUle, Propagating
the berry ofCulture,
a bunch of grapes. 1 Ins P"
sea shore, audits fruit ii globular
like
a
berrj.
.
.
w
professor
at
***!
of Petes Foraktu, a Swede, bom in 1 1j- , lie was pi
. PorllchJea, In
, IV.
OCTANDKIA TETttAGYNIA.
su
S I mie, Ftaren whorltd

%ffit5S|
"01*
ule
tili SU'SW,
Lern, iTiShl .
' ' ST','
!|*SqmU
VIllcImccolate
die ,ubuli
^raianceobtewuhspmylegth,
S'
.
23
""M the
ENNEANDRIA.
332
CLAss IX. ENNEANDRIA.
CLAss IX.
9 STAMENs.
ONE of the smallest of the Linnean classes; containing, however, three important genera; the Laurel, famous
for the valuable spices it produces, and for the beautiful foliage of its insipid species; the Cashew nut, well
Rnown at the tables of the great or luxurious; and the Rhubarb, one of the most valuable of medicines.
The class itself is extremely unnatural, and the assemblage of genera most incongruous.
Order 1. MONOGYNIA.
&
9 Stamens.
1 Style.
934. Laurus... Cal 4-6-parted... Nect 3 glands, with 2 bristles surrounding the ovary.
Anthers opening
transversely. Valves hinged to the upper side.
MONOGYNLA.
+*934. LAURUS. W.
5640 Cinnammum W.
56.41 Cssia W.
5642 Malabtrum P. S.
5643 camphora W.
5644 chlorxylon W.
5645 aggregata Sims.
LAUREL.
Cinnamon
Bastarul-Cinn.
tall
$56, '
laucous
weet-Bay
934. Laurus.
wave-leaved
willow-leaved
L.
D or 30
...
G. v.
F. Indies 1805. C sp Rhe. mel 5 t 53
Camphire-tree + L-J m 20 mr.jn Gw Japan

1727. C s.p Jac. col 4. t.3 f:
Cogwood-tree if D trn 60 . ... G.w Jamaica 1778. C. s.p Bro. jam. t. 7. Li
5646 nbilis W.
A undulta
salicifolia
Laurinae. Sp. 1868.

Dalm 20 jn.s
G.Y Ceylon 1763. L ap Bot rep. 596
L] m 50 mys W. E. Indies 1768. C. s.p Bot mag. 1636
Culilaban
* L-J or 3 jaf
G.Y. China
1806. L. s.p Bot mag. 249.
*
or 15 ap.my Y.w Italy
1561. C. s.l Zorn ic. 52
a
or 4 ap.my Y.w
...
C. s.l
*
or 6 ap.my Y.w
...
C. s.l
* C or 20 ...
G.Y. E. Indies 1823. C. s.l Rumph. 2. t. 14
-

From the Celtic blaur (the b is dropped in pronunciation, laur), green. The laurel is perpe
tually green. This genus contains several important spice or drug-bearing trees, besides the poetical laurel and
a fruit tree.
L. Cinnamomum
'
China Amomum) has a smooth ash-colored bark, a short erect trunk, and wide
spreading branches, Wnich form an elegant head. The leaves are of a bright green above, pale beneath, and
white veined; the flowers are in panicles, have no shew, and are inodorous, or perhaps somewhat foetid; the
fruit is the size of a middling olive, soft, insipid, and of a deep blue; it encloses a nut, the kernel of which
germinates soon after it falls, and therefore cannot easily be transported to a distance. The timber is white,
and not very solid; the root is thick and branching, and exudes abundance of camphor. The inner bark forms
the cinnamon of commerce. There are many varieties, and probably some of them species, especially in the
island of Ceylon, but only four are said to be barked. Besides Ceylon, the tree grows plentifully in Malabar,
Cochin China, Sumatra, and the Eastern islands. It has been cultivated in the Brazils, the Mauritius, India,
Jamaica, and other places.
The soil in which it thrives best is nearly pure quartz sand. . That of the cinna
mon garden near Colombo in Ceylon, was found by Dr. Davy to consist of 98.5 of silicious sand, and of 1-0
only of vegetable matter in 100 parts. The garden is nearly on a level with the lake of Colombo; its situ
ation is sheltered; the climate is remarkably damp; showers are frequent, and the temperature is high and
uncommonly equable. (Davy's Ceylon, p. 39.)
The trees that grow in the valleys, in a white sandy soil, are fit to be barked when four or five years old, but
those in a wet soil or in shady places, require to be seven or eight years of age. The bark is good for nothing if
the tree be older than eighteen years. The tree was formerly propagated by a species of pigeon that ate the
fruit and voided the seed; but since Falck, one of the Dutch governors, about the middle of the eighteenth
century, raised it from berries sown in his garden, it has been regularly cultivated.
The barking commences early in May, and continues until late in October. Branches of three years old are
selected, and topped off with a pruning knife or bill hook. To remove the bark a longitudinal incision is made
through it on both sides of the shoot, so that it can be gradually loosened and taken offentire, forming hollow
cylinders. The bark in this state, tied up in bundles, is allowed to remain for twenty-four hours, by which a
fermentation is produced that facilitates the separation of the epidermis, which, with the green pulpy matter
under it, is carefully scraped off The bark now soon dries, contracts, and assumes the quilled form, after
which the smaller pieces are put within the larger. The cinnamon, when dry, is tied up in bundles of 30 lbs.
weight, and carried to the Government store-house, where the quality is determined by inspection of the
buildles. It was formerly chewed for this purpose; and the surgeons who used to be thus employed, had their
CLAss IX.
ENNEANDRIA.
935. Anacardium. Cal 5-parted. Petals 5, reflexed.
Nut reniform,
936. Cassytha. Cal 6-parted.

liferous.
s33
Anthers9, and one filament barren.
upon a fleshy receptacle.
Nect. 3 truncate glands surrounding the ovary. Inner filaments glandu
Drupe 1-seede
937. Eriogonum. Cal. campanulate, 6-cleft. Nut 1, 3-cornered, covered by the calyx.
s
order 2. TRIGYNIA.
938. Rheum. Cor. 6-cleft, persistent.
*:::
Nut 1, 3-cornered.
?
Order 3
939. Butomus. Sepals 6.
HEXAGYNIA.
9 Stamens. 6 Styles,
Caps. 6, many-seeded.
MONOGYNIA.
5640 Leaves 3-nerved ovate-oblong, Nerves vanishing towards the end

56.41 Leaves triple-nerved lanceolate
5642 Leaves opp. very long acute at each end triple-nerved veiny across
5643 Leaves triple-nerved lanceolate ovate
5644 Leaves 3-nerved ovate coriaceous, Nerves reaching the end
-
5645 Leaves ovate acuminate 3-nerved glaucous beneath, Flowers axillary numerous
5646 Leaves lanceolate veiny perennial, Flowers 4-fid dioicous
5647 Leaves triple-nerved opposite
mouths so excoriated, as to be unable to continue the process longer than two days together: but tasting is
now seldom had recourse to.
Cinnamon bark is astringent, cordial, and tonic. But the principal use of cinnamon is to cover the nauseous
state of other remedies. (Thomson's London Dispensatory, 354.)
An oil is procured from the leaves and roots of cinnamon; the former is called the oil of cloves, and the latter
the oil of camphor: both are powerfully stimulant, and used in cramps of the stomach, flatulent colic, hiccough,
toothach, and nervous langour.
According to Sweet L. Cinnamomum is the hardest plant of the genus to cultivate in our stoves. I have
scarcely, he says, ever seen it do well any where but at Messrs.
ldiges, who generally keep their stoves
warmer than other gardeners usually do; and the cinnamon likes a warm atmosphere, and very little water in
winter. It grows best in a mixture of sandy loam and peat, the pots being well drained with small potsnerds.
Ripened cuttings soon take root in a pot of sand, plunged under a hand-glass, in a good moist heat. (Bot.
Cult. 74.)
The plant has regularly flowered and ripened seeds in the hothouse of the Bishop of Winchester for several
t. is also decorticated like the cinnamom, but it is considered of inferior value, on account of containing
yWears
L. d',
a greater proportion of mucilage. What arc called Cassia buds, are not obtained from this tree, but are the
hexangular fleshy receptacles of the seed of the L. Cinnamomum. Cassia bark and buds are used in the same
manner as cinnamon bark: the tree also affords an oil of similar use. In our stoves, the cassia grows more
the cinnamon; the same kind of soil suits it; and cuttingsroot freely treated in the same manner.
. Cult. 74.)
L. Camphora, an alteration of the Arabic name, kfor, is nearly allied to the cinnamon tree. The roots,
wood, and leaves of this tree have a very
odor of camphor; and from the roots and smaller branches it
is obtained by distillation. They are cut into chips, which are suspended in a net within a kind of still or iron
pot, the bottom of which is covered with water, and an earthen head fitted to it; heat is then applied, and the
steam of the boiling water, penetrating the contents of the net, elevates the camphor into the capital, where it
concretes on straws, with which this part of the apparatus is lined. Camphor is stimulant, narcotic, and
diaphoretic, but its stimulant powers are very transitory, and followed by sedative effects. In moderate doses
it operates as a cordial, increasing the heat of the body, and exhilarating, besides softening, and rendering
fuller the pulse, and promoting diaphoresis; in large doses it allays irritation and spasm, abates pain, and in
duces sleep. But in immoderate doses camphor produces vomiting, vertigo, delirium, convulsions, and other
#:
334
5648 indica W.
5649 foe'tens W.
56.50 canarinsis W. en
5651 Prsea W.
5652 Borbnia W.
56.53 carolinensis P. S.
5654 geniculta Ph.
5655 Dispyrus Ph.
ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
L_jtm
Madeira, or Til? Utm
Canary
U or
Alligator Pear $ Lifr
brd iva-Carol # U or
Red-Bay
Utm
Royal-bay
20
20
10
30
15
15
mro
mr.o
...
...
apmy
ap my
G.Y.
G.Y
G.Y
G.Y.
Y.G.
Y.G.
CLAss IX.
Madeira 1665.
Madeira 1760.
Canaries 1815.
W. Indies 1739.
N. Amer. 1739.
N. Amcr.1806.
or 6 ap.my Y
N. Amer. 1759.
twiggy
*
or 6 ap my G.Y. N. Amer. 1810.
Benjamin-tree sk
m 8 ap.my Y.G. N. Amer. 1683
5667 Sssafras W.
Sassafras-tree *
m 50 myjn G.Y. N. Amer. 1633.
935. ANACARDIUM. W. CAstiew-Nur.
Terebintaceae. Sp. 1..?
5658 occidentle W.
Common
* D fr12
...
R
India
1699,
936. CASSYTHA.
CAssyTHA.
Laurine. Sp 19.
5659 filifrmis W.
filiform
a D cu 3 apau w E. Indies 1796.
+937. ERio GONUM. Mi. ERIodoNUM.
Polygonee. Sp. 9-3.
5600 tomentsum Ph.
woolly
A cu 2 my.jn Y
Carolina 1811.
5661 sericeum Ph.
silky
A cu 1 jl
Y
Missouri 1811.
flexuose
5656 Benzin W.
938. RHE'UM. W.
5662 Rhapnticum W.
5663 undulatum W.
Rhubana.
C
C
C
Q
C
I
lip Pl. alm.t-304f1

lip
lip
1 p Plalmit56.fl.
1p Cat car. i-t &
lip
L lip Bot. mag. 1471
Llp , Bot mag. 1:0

S p.s.l Com. hort-lit':
S p.s.l Cat car. 1. t =
C rim Cat. car. S. t. 5
C sp Plal. t. 172 t?
S 1 p Mich.am. t. 24
S lp
TRIGYNL4.
Polygoner. Sp. 710.
common
A cul 4 my.jn W.G Asia
Bucks
A cul 4 myjn W.G. China
1573. R co
1734. R co
Sabb, hort-1.t 34
Amaen-ac. 3. t.
deleterious effects. The greater part of the camphor brought to Europe is obtained in Sumatra from the
Dryobalanops Camphora. This tree is cut and split, and the camphor which is found concreted in the heart of
it is picked out and washed in a ley of soap. Zen describes a variety of camphor which is procured in South
America from a tree, the botanical characters of which are not yet known, but which is termed caratta by the
natives. The camphor exudes from the bark in the form of tears. (Thomson's London Dispensatory, 356)
L. Chloroxylon has its specific from the color of the wood, xx**, green, and #2", wood; it is esteemed
one of the best timber trees in Jamaica, and used on all occasions where strength and durability are required:
being both hard and tough, it answers better than any other wood for the cogs of sugar mills.
I... nobilis, the Laurier, Fr., Lorbecrbaum, Ger., Alloro, Ital, Laurel, Span., the Laurus of the Romans,
and Daphne of the Greeks, was designated nobilis by Linnaeus, because it was consecrated to priests, sacrifices,
and heroes in the ages of antiquity, and has been celebrated accordingly. To the poet and sculptor it still
affords emblems for victorious heroes, and it is also used in cookery and medicine. In the south of Italy it
to a sufficient height to be considered a tree; but is so prolific in suckers and low shoots as always to
have the character of a shrub. It forms a dense and yet broken and picturesque mass of a very fine leep
green, inclining to olive, and is abundantly covered with berries, which are dark purple or black, when ripe.
Oil is obtained from the latter by boiling water. Both the leaves and the berries have a sweet fragrant odour,
and an aromatic, astringent taste; and the oil, which is of a yellowish green color, has a stronger but similar
odor and taste. ... Water distilled from the leaves shews traces of prussic acid; and it is probably on this
component that their medicinal and poisonous property depend. Leaves, berries, and oil are narcotic and
carminative. (Thomson's London Dispensatory, 360)
I:, indica grows in the Canary Isles and Virginia. The wood is of a yellow color, not heavy, good for
building, but better still for furniture: it is called Wigniatico in the island of Madeira, and is probably what is
imported into England under the name of Madeira mahogany... It is hardly to be distinguished from
mahogany, except that it is somewhat less brown. , (Hawksw. Foy. ii. p. 5)
L. Persea (Persea is a name under which Theophrastus describes an Egyptian tree not now known, has a
trunk, as large
as ourbeset
common
apple large
tree; oblong
the bark
is smooth,
ofthose
an ash
arecolor.
very
succulent
and soft,
with pretty
smooth
leaves,and
like
of color;
laurel, the
of abranches
deep green
The flowers are, for the most part, produced towards the extremities of the branches. The fruit is the size of
One of our biggest pears. . The pulp of the fruit is covered with a tough skinny coat, and contains a
large rugged seed, which is wrapped up in, one or two thin membranous covers. This fruit is held in
great esteem in the West Indies: the pulp is of a pretty firm consistence, and has a delicate rich
flavor; it gains upon the palate of most persons, and becomes soon agreeable even to those who cannot
like it at first; but it is so rich and mild, that most people make use of some spice or pungent substance
to give it a poignancy; and, for this purpose, some make use of wine, some of sugar, some of lime,
juice, but most of pepper and salt., This fruit seems equally agreeable to the horse, the cow, the dog, and
'' * well as to all sorts of birds; when plentiful, it makes a great part of the delicacies of the negroes.
ourne.
I. Borbonea was regarded by Plumier as a genus distinct from Laurus, and he applied what is now its specific
'' in memory of Gaston Bourbon, son of Henry IV. and uncle of Louis XIV. It is a very common tree
'''Carolina, and affords a fine grained wood excellent for cabinets; some of the best resembles
I. Sassafras (Sassafras is an alteration of the Spanish word Salsafras, which signifies Sarifrage, the virtue.
of which are attributed by the Spanish Americans to this plant,) has the flowers often imperfect as to the male
and female organs, which, before observation was so accurate and scientific as at present, led to the conclusion
ORDER I.
!.
ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
s35
5648 Leaves veiny lanceolate perennial flat, Branches scarred, Flowers racemose
5619 Leaves veiny elliptical acute perennial, Axils of veins villous beneath, Racemes panicled
5650 Leaves veiny oblong acute at each end perennial shining, Pedunc. axill. 3-4-flowered
$5651 Leaves ovate coriaceous transversely veiny perennial, Flowers corymbose
5652 Leaves lanceolate perennial, Calyx of fruit berried
5653 Leaves oval lanc. perenn. glaucous beneath, Berries globose
5654 Branches divaricating flexuose, Leaves oval obtuse smooth at the base beneath beardcd, Anth. 4-celled
5655 Twiggy naked-flowering, Leaves decid. oblong beneath veiny downy, Flowers clustered, Buds villous
5656 Leaves nerveless ovate acute at each end entire annual
5657 Leaves entire and 3-lobed

5659 Branches filiform lax
5660 Leaves sessile cauline 3.4 cuneate obovate smooth above

5661 Leaves radical stalked lanc. oblong villous above
TRIGYNIA.
56%2 Leaves obtuse smooth, Veins beneath hairy, Leafst, furrowed above rounded at edge
5663 Leaves villous wavy, Leafst, flat above with an acute edge
that one plant bore only males and the other only hermaphrodites; it is now found the alleged males are only
imperfect hermaphrodites. The wood, root, and bark, have a fragrant odor, and a sweetish aromatic taste:
their sensible qualities and virtues depend on an essential oil, which can be obtained separate by distilling the
chips or the bark with water: it is a stimulating diaphoretic and diuretic, and has been employed in cases of
scurvy, chronic rheumatism, gout, and in cutaneous affections; but its effects are very uncertain; and even the
diaphoresis which it is supposed to occasion may rather be ascribed to the guaiac, and other more powerful
medicines, with which it is generally combined. (Thomson's London Dispensatory, 361.)
The species are well divided into several genera, such as Laurus, Tetranthera, Cinnamomum, and others:
but as t
division has not been applied to the old species of Laurus generally, it has not been practicable to
adopt it here.
Anacardium. From eva, in composition, like, and zaze?ia, heart, in allusion to the form of the nut.
This is an elegant tree, bearing panicled corymbs of sweet-smelling flowers, succeeded by an edible fruit of the
pome kind, of a yellow or red color. This fruit or apple has an agreeable sub-acid flavor, with some degree of
astringency. The juice expressed and fermented yields a pleasant wine; and distilled, a spirit is drawn from
it, far exceeding arrack or rum, making an admirable punch, and powerfully promoting urine. The dried
and broken kernels are occasionally imported for mixing with old Madeira wine, the flavor of which they
improve prodigiously. Some planters in the West Indies roast the ripe fruit, or slice one or two into a bowl
of punch, to give it a pleasant flavor. The astringency of the juice has recommended it as a very signal
remedy in dropsical habits.
The nut protrudes from one end of the apple. (Long.) It is of the size and shape of a hare's kidney, but is
much larger at the end next the fruit than at the other. The outer shell is of an ash color, and very smooth,
under this is another which covers the kernel; between these there is a thick inflammable oil, which is very
caustic; this will raise blisters on the skin, and has often been very troublesome to those who have in
cautiously put the nuts into their mouths to break the shell. This oil has been used with great success in
eating off ring-worms, cancerous ulcers, and corns; but it ought to be applied with caution. The kernel when
fresh, has a most delicious taste, and abounds with a sweet milky juice. It is an ingredient in puddings, &c.
When older it is generally roasted; and in this state is not so proper for costive habits. Ground with cacao.
it makes an excellent chocolate. When kept too long it becomes shrivelled, and loses its flavor and best
qualities. The thick oil of the shell tinges linen of a rusty iron-color, which can hardly be got out; and if
a"; wood be smeared with the oil, it prevents the wood from decaying.
from the body of the tree is procured, by tapping or incision, a milky juice, which will stain linen of a
black, that cannot be washed out again.
This tree also annually transudes from five to ten or twelve pounds weight of a fine semi-transparent gum,
similar to gum arabic, and not inferior to it in virtue or quality, except that it has a slight astringency, which,
perhaps, renders it in some respects more valuable. (Long's Jam. iii. 725, &c.)
As a stove-plant it grows in light loam or rich mould, and ripe cuttings with their leaves, planted in n
pot of sand, and plunged under a
will strike root.
936. Cassytha. The Greek name of the Cuscuta, which this plant much resembles in habit and characters
of analogy. Its affinity, however, is very curious; from a minute analysis of its constituent parts it has
been decided by the most learned botanists to be referable to Laurinae.
de:
937. Eriogonum. From io, wool, and yov, a knee. The stem of this plant is very woolly at the joints.
The species thrive best in pots, and are principally to be increased by seeds.
9.8 Rheum. This name was ingeniously supposed by Linnaeus to have been derived from #2, to flow, because
the root causes a discharge of bile.
It, nevertheless, was formed from Rha, the ancient name of the Volga.
336
5664 palmtum W.
5665 compctum W.
5666 tatricum W.
567 Ribes, W.
5668 hybridum W.
ENNEANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
A
A
A
warted-leaved # A
bastard
* a
officinal
thick-leaved
Tartarian
m
m
m
cul
cul
5
3
3
2
5
ap.my
my.jn
myjn
my.jn
myjn
W.G
W.G.
W.G.
W.G.
W.G.
Bucharia
Tartary
Tartary
Levant
Asia
CLAss IX.
1763.
1758.
1793.
1724.
1778.
R
R
R
R
R
co
co
co
co
co
dit.
Dr.l
Lin: fasc. 7... t.3

Mill ic.2 t 218
An. mus. 2. t. 49
Mur.co. gott. 1
HEXAGYNLA.
930. BUTOMUS. W.
5669 umbellatus W.
Flowering-Rush.
umbelied
* A cl
Butomeae. Sp. 1-2.

2 jn.jl
Pk
Britain
Eng bot: 651
5665

Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xii., says, the Rha is a river, on the border of which grows a root, which bears
its name, and is much renowned in medicine. The construction of the specific names confirms this; Rs
ponticum, Rha barbarum, whence the name Rhubarb was obtained.

R. Rhaponticum was thought to be the true rhubarb of druggists, till Dr. Hope of Edinburgh described the
R. palmatum, some seeds of which he had received from Russia, as of the genuine species. It is not, however,
finally settled, whether these species or the R. compactum yield the foreign roots, nor does it appear of much
consequence, as these three species agree so nearly in their medical properties, that any of them may be used
with equal certainty of success. All the rhubarb of commerce, known under the names Turkey or Russian, and
East Indian or Chinese, grows on the declivities of the chain of mountains in Tartary which stretches from
the Chinese town Sini to the lake Kokonor near Thibet. The soil is light and sandy; and the Bucharians
assert that the best grows in the shade on the southern side of the mountains. Rhubarb, however, is also
cultivated in China, in the province of Chen-See, where it is called Hai-houng. In Tartary, the roots are taken
up twice a-year, in spring and in autumn, and after being cleansed and decorticated, and the smaller branches
cut off, the body of the root is divided transversely into pieces of a moderate size, which are placed on tables,
and turned three or four times a-day, during five or six days. A hole is then bored through each piece, by
which it is hung up to dry, ex
to the air and wind, but sheltered from the sun. In about two months,
the roots have lost seven parts in eight of their weight, and are fit for the market. In China, the roots are not
dug up till winter; and the cultivators, after cleaning, scraping off the bark, and cutting them, dry the slices
by frequently turning them on stone slabs heated by a fire underneath; after which, the drying is completed by
hanging them up in the air ex
to the greatest heat of the sun. (homson's London Dispensatory, 471.)

of Britain with a view to drying the root for medical pur
Rhubarb has been cultivated in different
poses with the most perfect success; but such is the prejudice in favor of the forcign article, that sufficient de
ENNEANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
ORDER I.
337
5664 Leaves palm. acute roughish, Leafst, above obscurely furrowed rounded at edge
5665 Leaves somewhat lobed very obtuse shining finely toothletted smooth
5666 Leaves cordate ovate entire flat smooth, Leafst.
' angular,
Panicle furrowed
567 Leaves very obtuse somewhat warted, Veins beneath spinulose, Leafst, flat above rounded at edge
5668 Leaves smooth above somewhat lobed acute, Recess of base contracted
HEXAGYNIA.
: 5669 Flowers in handsome terminal umbels
56.68
mand was not produced to encourage the cultivator. The only point in which British culture was rather
deficient was in the drying, but that a little experience would soon have overcome.
R. Rhaponticum and hybridum, indeed any of the species, are or may be cultivated for the petioles of the
leaves in a green state, to be used in tarts and pies, as a substitute or along with gooseberries. All that is re
quired is a dry soil well enriched and trenched two, or better, three feet deep. The plants the #" after plant
ing may have half their leaves slipped off for the cook, as soon as they arrive at full growth. Keeping the
plants from flowering will
strengthen the leaves.
Tart rhubarb may be forced either by taking up the roots and planting them in pots, or by covering them
with dung where they grow in the open garden, as is done with sea-kale. It may also be blanched, as is done
with that vegetable. (See Encyc. of Gard art. Rheum.)
R. Ribes is so called from a rob made from its stalks, and called Rybs of Serapias.
It is thought that all the supposed species are reducible to Rhaponticum, undulatum, palmatum, and ribes.
It is certainly very difficult to distinguish the others.
939. Butomus. From 8ws, an ox, and rava, to cut; the sharp leaves of the plant cut and cause to bleed the
mouths of cattle feeding upon it,

This is the only plant of the class Enneandria that grows wild in Britain. It is an elegant aquatic. The
water-Gladiole, or grassie-Rush, says Gerarde, is of all others the fairest and most pleasant to behold, and
serveth very well for the decking and trimming up of houses, because of the beautie and braverie thereof."
The corolla varies in different shades of red, or purple mixed with white, and is sometimes entirely white.
The stem at bottom and the peduncles at top are often tinged with red. The number three is evidently pre
dominant in the fructification; the corolla being doubly tripetalous, the stamens thrice three, the pistils six,
the capsules six, in a hexagon form, the involucre three-leaved.
DECANDRIA.
338
CLAss X. DECANDRIA.
CLAss X
10 STAMENs.
This is the last of the Linnean classes in which the stamens are distinct, and bear any determined relation
to the other parts of the flower. It is composed of portions of a considerable number of natural orders, of
which the most important is Leguminosae, with which the class usually is made to commence. These are of
two kinds: those which are papilionaceous, and those which have a regular expanded flower. The former
are remarkable in their kind for bearing distinct stamens combined with a papilionaceous corolla; the
greater part are natives of New Holland or the Cape of Good Hope, a very few of the Northern Hemisphere;
and al. of them ornamental plants. Of those with regular flowers the most beautiful genus is the
Bauhinia, which, in the latitudes of the tropics, constitutes the most formidable obstacle to the passage of
human beings through the woods, which are interlaced in every direction by the climbing or leaning stems
of these and other plants commonly called Lianes, the most extensive genus is Cassia, the species of which
are little esteemed as objects of ornament, but of material importance in medicine; the famous Senna of the
shops being the produce of at least three species. The Haematoxylon and Swietenia, the one producing
Logwood, the other Mahogany, are included in this class, as are the important Quassia drug, and the beautiful
tribes of Kalmias, Rhododendrons, and Andromedas.
The second and succeeding orders are chiefly occupied by the most important of the genera of the natural
order of Caryophylleae, the whole of which have lately been remodelled and arranged, under the direction of
Decandolle, by M. Seringe, an ingenious Swiss botanist. Of this order the most extensive genus is Silene,
of which the fine carnations, pinks, and piccotees of the florist have
:n '
: beautiful Dianthus, out
obtain
Order 1.
MONOGYNiA.
4%
$ 1. Leguminosae.
10 Stamens.
1 Style.
Flowers papilionaceous.
940. Edwardsia. Cal. 5-toothed. Pod 4-winged, many-seeded.

941. Sophora. Cal 5-toothed. ... Pod necklace-shaped, not winged, many-seeded.
942. Ormosia, Cal. 5-cleft, 2-lipped. Stigmas 2, approximate, obtuse; one on one side. Pod compressed,
woody, 1-3-seeded.
943. Anagyris. Cal. 5-toothed, 2-lipped. Keel of 2 petals, which are larger than the wings, which are
longer than the standard. Pod compressed, many-seeded.
944. Thermopsis, Cal. oblon
left, 2-lipped, convex behind. ... Petals of equal length.
Standard re
flexed at edges. Keel obtuse. Stamens persistent. Pod compressed, linear, many-seeded.
945. Virgilia, Cal. 5-cleft. Petals of equal length; standard not reflexed at edges. Stigma beardless. Pod
compressed, oblong, many-seeded.
946. Cyclopia. Cal. 5-cleft, unequal, pushed inwards at base. Standard with longitudinal wrinkles: wings
with a transverse plait. Stamens deciduous. Stigma bearded on one side.
Pod compressed, many-seeded
947. Baptisia. Cal. half 4-5-cleft, 2-lipped. Petals of equal length. Standard reflexed at edges. Stamens
deciduous, Pod ventricose, stalked, many-seeded.
948. Podalyria. Cal 5-cleft, unequal, pushed inwards at base. Standard larger than the rest. Stamens
persistent, connate at base.
Pod ventricose, many-seeded.
949. Chorozemia. Cal. half-5-cleft, 2-lipped. Keel ventricose, shorter than wings.
Stigma oblique, obtuse.
Style short, hooked.
Pod ventricose, many-seeded.
950. Podolobium. Cal. 5-cleft, 2-lipped. Keel compressed, the length of the wings, which are equal to, the
expanded standard. Ovary many-seeded in a single row. Style ascending. Stigma simple. Pod stalked,
linear, oblong, moderately ventricose, smooth inside.
951. Oxylobium. Cal. deeply 5-cleft, rather 2 lipped. Keel compressed, the length of the wings, which are
equal to the open standard. Style ascending. Stigma simple. Pod many-seeded, ventricose, ovate, acute.
952. Callistachys. , Cal.2-lipped. Standard erect, keel and wings drooping. Style incurved. Stigma simple.
Pod stalked, woody before ripening, many-celled.
953. Brachysema., Cal. 5 cleft, but little unequal, with a ventricose tube.
Standard shorter than the
compressed keel, which is as long as the wings. Ovary with a stalk, surrounded at base by a little sheath.
Style filiform, long. Pod many-seeded, ventricose.

954. Gompholobium. Cal 5-parted, nearly equal. Standard unfurled. Stigma simple. Pod many-seeded,
nearly
very obtuse, smooth.
955. Burtonia. Cal. deeply 5-cleft. Cor. deciduous. Petals nearly equal. Ovary 2-seeded. Style subulate,
dilated at base. Stigma blunt, beardless. Pod roundish, moderately inflated. No appendage to the seed.
956. Jacksonia. Cal. 5-parted, nearly equal. Corolla and stamens deciduous. Ovary 2-seeded., Style
subulate, filiform. Stigma simple. Pod moderately inflated, ovate or oblong, with valves downy inside. No
appendage to the seed.
957 Wiminaria. , Cal 5-toothed, angular. Style capillary, a little longer than the 2-seeded ovary. Stigma
simple. Pod valveless, ovate . No appendage to the seed.
958 Sphaerolobium. Cal. 5-fid, 2-li
. Style on one side at the end, with a membranous appendage, on
the other beardless. Stigma terminai Pod spherical.
959. Aotus. Cal. 5-cleft, 2-lipped. Stamens deciduous. Ovary 2-seeded. Style filiform. Pod 2-valved. No
appendage to the seed.
60. Dillwynia, Cal. 5-cleft, 2-lipped, narrow at base.
Petals and stamens deciduous, inserted into the
middle of tube of calyx. , Standard twice as broad as lo 3, spreading, 2-lobed. Ovary 2-seeded. Style hooked.
Stigma capitate. Pod inflated. Seeds with an appenda,
961 Eutaria. Cal.2-lipped. Standard a listle broader than long. Ovary 2-seeded. Style booked. Stigma
-
capitate.
Pod moderately ventricose.
Seed with an appendage.
Leaves opposite.
962. Sclerothamnus. Cal 5-cleft, 2-lipped, with 2 bractes at base. Keel as long as wings. Ovary 2-seeded,
stalked. Style ascending filiform. Stigma simple. Pod ventricose.
963. Gastrolobium. Cal. 5-cleft, 2-lipped, w 't bractes. Petals of equal length. Ovary 2-seeded, stalked
Style subulate, ascending. Stigma simple. Pod ventricose. Seeds with an appendage.
964 Euchilus., Cal, deeply 5-cleft, 2-lipped, the upper lip very large, with 2 bractes at base. Keel as long as
wings.
Ovary 2-seeded, stalked. Style subulate, ascending. Stigma simple.
Pod compressed. Appendage
of the seed with the hind lobes entire.
965. Pultenaea. Cal 5-cleft with even-sized lips, 2-bracted. Ovary sessile, 2-seeded. Style subulate, ascend
ing. Stigma simple. Appendage of the seed with the hind lobes cut.
-
906, Daviesia. Cal. angular without bractes. Keel shorter than standard. Ovary stalked, 2-seeded
Stigma simple. Pod compressed, angular, opening with elasticity. Appendage of seed
enlind.
967. Mirbelia. Cal. 5-cleft, 2-hpped. Pod 2-celled, with each suture bent inwards.
Style
entire
CI Ass X.
DECANDRIA.
539
968, Cercis. Cal 5-toothed. Pod compressed with the seed-bearing suture winged. Seeds obovate, with a
straight embryo.
..:*
Cal 5-cleft. Petals 5, inserted on the calyx, and approaching the papilionaceous form. Pod
$ 2. Leguminosae. Flowers nearly regular.

970. Bauhinia. , Cal 5-cleft, deciduous. Petals spreading, oblong, clawed; the upper one more distant; all
inserted in the calyx.
971. Afzelia. Cal: tubular, with a 4-cleft deciduous limb. Petals 4, with claws: the upper very large. The
upper
972.
973.
974.
filaments sterile. Pod many-celled. Seed with an arillus at base.

Hymenaza. Cal. 5-parted. Petals 5, nearly equal. Pod filled with a powdery fecula.
Cynometra. Cal. 4-leaved: the o
ite leaves largest. Pod 1-seeded, fleshy.
Cassia. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5. The three upper anthers sterile: three lower beaked.
975. Cathartocarpus. Cal. 5-parted, deciduous. Cor. regular, of 5 petals.

Pod long, round, woody, many-celled. Cells filled with pulp.
976. Parkinsonia. Cal. 5-cleft. Petals 5, ovate, the lowest reniform.
The lower filaments bowed.
Style O.
977. Poinciana. Cal. 5-parted. Petals 5, clawed; the upper dissimilar.
Pod necklace-shaped.
Stamens very long, all fertile.
Pod plano-compressed.
Caesalpinia. Cal 5-parted, with the lowest segment largest and vaulted. Petals 5. Stamens woolly
at base, all fertile.
Pod unarmed.
Seeds compressed.
979. Guilandina. Cal 5-cleft, the lowest segment largest. Petals inserted in the neck of the calyx, nearly
equal.
Pod prickly.
Hyperanthera.
Seeds stony.
Cal. 5-parted.
Petals inserted in calyx, unequal.
Pod 3-valved, torulose.
Seeds
win
981. Hoffmannseggia. Cal 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, clawed, spreading: the upper broader, glandular
at base. Filaments glandular. Stigma clavate. Pod linear, compressed, many-seeded.
982. Adenanthera, Cal 5-toothed. Petals 5.

membranous.
983.
984.
985.
986.
Anthers with a globose gland at their extremity.
Pod
Seeds lentiform.
Cadia. , Cal 5-cleft. Petals 5, equal, obcordate. Pod many-seeded.

Prosopis. Cal. hemispherical, 4-toothed. Pod many-seeded.
Haematorylon. , Cal. 5-parted. Petals 5. Caps. lanceolate, 1-celled, 2-valved; valves navicular.
Copaifera. Cal. O. Petals 4. Pod 1-seeded.
3.
Ovary superior. Stamens united in a tube.
Flowers complete.
987. Trichilia., Cal 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, ovate or oblong. Stamens sometimes nearly distinct. Caps.
3-celled, 3-valved, with one or two seeded cells. Seeds with a berried arillus.
988 Melin Cal 5 toothed. Petals 3. Drupe with a five-celled nut.
989. Quivisia. Cal. urceolate, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, short, silky outside. Stamens with a short tube.
stigma capitate. Caps, coriaceous, 4-5-celled, opening at the end into 4-5-valves.
990. Swietenia. Cal. 5-cleft. Petals 5. Caps. 5-celled, woody, opening at base. Seeds imbricated, winged.
991. Ekebergia. Cal. 4-parted. Petals 4.
ect a ring surrounding the ovary. Berry 5-seeded.
992. Heynea. Cal 5-toothed. Petals 5. Style 1. Ovary 2-celled. Caps. 2-valved, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed
with an arillus not winged.
$4.
993. Guaiacum.
Ovary superior. Stamens separate.
Flowers complete.
Cal. 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, equal. Caps. angular, 2-5-celled.

Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5. Nect. 10-leaved, covering the ovary and bearing the stamens.
c' ".
aps. 5-celled.
5. Fagonia. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5, cordate. C

5-celled, 10-valved; with 1-seeded cells.
996. Tribulus. Cal 5-parted. Petals 5, spreading.
O. Caps. 5, gibbous, spiny, many-seeded.
997. Dictamnus. Cal. 5-leaved, deciduous. Petals 5, clawed, unequal. Filam declinate, with glandular
dots. Caps. 5, united.
998. Ruta, Cal. 5-parted. Petals concave. Recept surrounded by 10 honey-spots. Caps. lobed.
999. Crowca. Cal. 5-parted. Petals 5, sessile. Stamens flat, subulate, connected by entangled hairs.
Anthers united lengthwise to the filaments on their inner side. Style from the base of the ovary. Caps. 5,
'#
united.
1000. Codon. Cal. 10-parted. Cor. campanulate, 10-cleft. Caps. many-seeded.

1001. Gomphia. Petals 5. Filaments scarcely any. Anthers long, pyramidal, erect, opening at end by a
double pore.
1002. Quassia. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5. Nect. 5-leaved. Drupes 5, distant, 2-valved, 1-seeded, inserted on
a fleshy receptacle.
1003. Limonia. Parts of the flower 4 or 5. Stamens free, twice as numerous as petals, or sometimes as
many
Fruit berried, pulpy, 4-5-celled, with 1-celled seeds.
1004. Glycosmis. Parts of the flower 5. Stamens with flat subulate filaments, and elliptical anthers. Style
short, cylindrical. Ovary 5-celled. Fruit fleshy, 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded. Coat of the seed membranous.
1005. Murraya. Parts of the flower 5. Cor. campanulate. Stamens with linear subulate stamens, and
roundish anthers. Fruit fleshy, berried, 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded. Coat of the seed thick, woolly.
1006. Cookia. Parts of the flower 5. Petals navicular, villous. Stamens with linear distinct filaments, and
roundish anthers. Fruit berried, globose, 1-5-celled, with one-seeded cells.
1007. Gaertnera. Cal. 5-parted. Petals 5 torn. filaments slightly cohering at base: one longer than the
rest. Samara 1-seeded, with four unequal wings.
1008. Monotropa. Cal, like a corolla,
at the base. Capsule 5-celled, many-seeded.
1000. Dion ea. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5. Capsule 1-celled, gibbous, many-seeded.
-
"'.
#":
1010. Garuga. Cal. campanulate, 5-cleft, bearing the stamens. Petals equal. Stigma 5-lobed. Drupe with
2-51-seeded nuts.
1011. Kalmia. Cal 5-parted. Cor hypocrateriform, with a limb having 5 horns beneath. Caps. 5-celled.
1012. Ledum.
1013. Rhodora.
Cal. 5-cleft.
Cor. flat, 5-parted. Caps. 5-celled, bursting at base.

Petals
Stamens declinate. Caps. 5-celled.
Cal 5-toothed.
1014. Rhododendron, Cal. 5-parted. Cor somewhat funnel-shaped Stamens declinate. Caps. 5-celled.
1015. Epigaen. Outer calyx 3-leaved, inner 5-parted. Cor. salver-shaped. Caps. 5-celled.
d 1016. Andromeda. Cal. 5 parted. Cor. ovate, with a 5-cleft orifice. Caps. 5-celled: valves contrary to the
issepiment.
1017. Enkianthus., Cal small, persistent. Cor. campanulate, with a 5-cleft limb. Nectaries 5, at base of
corolla.
Anthers 2-horned.
Capsule 1.
1918. Gualtheria. Outer calyx 2-leaved: inner 5-cleft, ovate. Nect with 10 points. Caps. 5-celled, clothed
with an inner berried calyx.
1019. Arbutus. Cal. 5 parted. Cor. ovate, with a 5-cleft orifice; pellucid at base. Berry 5-celled.
Cal 5-parted. Petals 5. Sti
3-fid. Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved. .
Cal. 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stigma capitate, 3-cornered, sessile. Caps. 3 or 4-winged,
1020. Clethra.
s' Mytocaryum.
elied.
1022. Pyrola., Cal 5-parted. Petals 5. Capsule 5-celled, opening at the angles.
1023. Chimaphila. Cal 5-parted. Petals 5." Stigma sessile, thick, orbicular, sunk in the ovary. Anthers
beaked, opening by a 2-valved cleft. Caps. 5-celled,
at the angles.
-
"
2
s40
DECANDRIA.
CLAss X
1024. Inocarpus. Cal. bifid. Cor funnel-shaped. Stamens in a double row.

1025. Styrar, Cal. inferior. Cor. funnel-shaped. Drupe 2-seeded.
* 5. Ovary inferior.
Drupe 1-seeded.
Flowers complete.
1026. Jussiaea. Cal. 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5. Caps. 4-5-celled, oblong, opening at the angles. Seeds nu
merous, minute.
1027. Getonia. Cal. 5-leaved, persistent. Filaments alternately broader, 5 in the orifice of the calyx. Seed
coated, oblong, crowned by the calyx.
1028. Quisqualis. Petals 5, inserted on a filiform calyx.
e:
Melastoma. Cal 5-cleft, campanulate. Petals 5, inserted in calyx. Berry 5-celled, surrounded by
X.
#.
Petaloma.
Petals 5, between the segments of the calyx.
Berry 1-celled.
1031. Acisanthera. Cal ventricose, 5-cleft. Petals 5. Anthers sagittate, versatile. Caps. crowned, 2-celled,
many-seeded.
6. Flowers incomplete, or apetalous.
1032. Dais. Involucre 4-leaved. Cor. 4-5-cleft. Berry 1-seeded.
1033. Bucida. Cal. 5-toothed, superior. Berry 1-seeded.
1034 Samyda. Cal. 5-parted, colored. Nect. campanulate, stamen-bearing.
1-celled.
Caps. berried inside, 4-valved,
Seeds nidulant.
#2
Order 2.
D1GYN1A.
1035. Royena, Cal. urceolate. Cor 1-petalous, with a revolute limb,

1036. Trianthema.
Cal. mucronate under the end.
Cor. O.
1-celled, 4-valved.
Stam. 5-10. Ovary blunt.
Caps cut
round.
1037. Scleranthus. Cal. 1-leaved. Cor. O. Seeds 2, included in calyx.

1038. Cunonia. Petals 5. Sepals 5. Capsule 2-celled, acute.
1039. Hydrangea. Cal. superior, 5-toothed. Petals 5. Caps. 2-celled, 2-beaked, opening by a hole between
the beaks.
1040. Chrysosplenium. Cal. 4-5-cleft, colored Cor. O., Caps. 2-beaked, 1-celled, many-seeded.
1041. Sarifraga, Cal 5-parted. Petals 5.. Caps 2-beaked, 1-celled, many-seeded.
1042. Tiarella. Cal 5-parted. Petals 5, inserted in the calyx, entire. Caps. 1-celled, 2-valved: one valve
largest.
1043. Mitella. Cal. 5-cleft. Petals 5, inserted in calyx, pinnatifid. Caps. 1-celled. 2-valved; with equal
valves.
1044. Gypso; hila. Cal. 1-leaved, campanulate, angular. Petals 5, ovate, sessile. Caps globose, 1-celled.
1045. Saponaria. Cal. 1-leaved, naked. Petals 5, clawed. Caps. 1-celled,
1046. Dianthus. Cal. cylindrical, 1-leaved, with scales at the base. Petals 5, clawed. Capsule cylindrical,
1-celled.
MONOGYN.I.A.
1940 EDWARDSIA. Sal. EdwampsiA.
Leguminosae.
5670 grandiflra Sal.
large-flowered * or 12 my.jn Y
5671 chrysophylla Sal golden-leaved $4 - or 12 myjn Y
5672 microphylla Sal.
small-leaved
* or 6 myjn Y
941. SOPHORA. H. K.
SophonA.
Leguminosar.
5673 tomentsa W.
downy
D or 12
...
W
5674.japnica W.
Japanese
tm 40 au.s
W
5675 alopecuroides W. Fox-tail
A or 4 jl.au
B
5676 flavscens W.
Siberian
St A or 2 my.jl Y
942. ORMO'Si A. Jacks.
ORMost A.
uminosae.
5677 dasycrpa Jacks.
smooth-leaved a D or 10 jn.j
B
Sp. 3.
1772, C s.p
... C. s.p
N. Zeal. 1772. C. s.p
Sp. 4- .
India
1690 C pil
Japan
1753. S s.l.
Levant
1731. D r.l
N.Zeal.
N. Zeal.
Siberia
1785.
Bot. mag. 167

Bot reg. 7SS
Bot. mag. 1442
Trew.ehret, t.39
Bot. rep. 585
Pall. astr. t. 87
Dr.l
Sp. 1-4.
W. Indies 1793. C lt.l
Lin. tran. 10.t.26
5672
940. Edwardsia. Named after the late Mr. Sydenham Edwards, a celebrated botanical draughtsman. The
reputation of the Botanical Magazine has arisen almost wholly from the skill he displayed in the management
of the figures of that work. These plants are hardy enough to survive through our winters out of doors,
when they are not very severe: but are best protected under a frame, or planted in a conservatory: they
generally ripen seeds, by which, or by young cuttings planted under a bell-glass in sand, they may be readily
cncreased.
(Bot. Cult. 183.)
CLAss X.
Order 3,
DECANDRIA.
TriGYN1A.
s41
1047. Cucubalus. , Cal. 1-leaved, inflated. Petals 5, clawed. Berry superior, 1-celled, many-seeded.
1048. Silene. Cal. 1-leaved, ventricose. Petals 5, clawed. Caps. 3-3-celled, opening at end, many-seeded.
1049. Stellaria. Cal. 5-leaved, spreading. Petals 5, 2-parted. Caps. 1-celled, many-seeded.
1050. Arenaria. Cal. 5-leaved, spreading. Petals 5, entire. Caps. 1-celled, many-seeded.
1051. Cherleria. Cal. 5-leaved. Nectaries 5, bifid, petal-like.
other anther sterile. Caps. 3-valved,
3-celled, 3-seeded.
1052. Brunnichia. Cal. ventricose, 5-cleft. Cor. O. Caps. 3-cornered, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
1053. Garidella. Cal. 5-leaved, petaloid. Nect. 5, two-lipped, bifid. Caps. 3, united, many-seeded.
1054. Malpighia. Sepals 5, with two honey pores at base. Petals 5, roundish, clawed. Filaments cohering
at base. Drupe 1-celled, with 3 one-celled nuts.
1055. Banisteria. Cal. 5-parted, with two honey pores outside at the base. Petals roundish, clawed. Fila
ments cohering at base. Samarae 3, 1-seeded, with a single wing at end.
1056. Hiraea. Cal. without glands. Petals 5, with claws. Samarae 3, surrounded by two opposite wings.
Order 4.
$:
PENTAGYNIA.
1057. Cnestis. Petals 5. Capsules 5, one-seeded.

1058. Averrhoa. Sepals 5. Petals 5, spreading upwards. Stamens inserted in a nectariferous ring : every
other one shorter. Apple 5-cornered, 5-celled.
1059. Spondias. Cal. 5-toothed. Petals 5. Drupe with a 5-celled nut.
1060. Cotyledon. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. 1-petalous. Five honey scales at the base of ovary. Caps. 5.
1061. Sedum. Cal. 5-cleft. Petals 5. Five honey scales at base of ovary. Caps. 5.
1062. Penthorum. Cal. 5-cleft. Petals O. to 5. Caps. 5-pointed, 5-celled.
1063. Grielum. Cal. 5-cleft. Petals 5. Filaments persistent. Pericarps 5, one-seeded.
1064. Biophyton. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens all distinct; the five outer shortest. Styles 5, emarginate
at end. Capsule ovate, round, somewhat 5-cornered.
1065. Oxalis. Sepals 5, distinct or united at base. Petals 5. Stamens united at base, the five outer shortest.
Styles 5, pencil-shaped, or capitate at end. Capsule oblong or cylindrical.
-
1066. Agrostemma. Cal. 1-leaved, coriaceous. Pet: 5-clawed. Limb obtuse, undivided. Caps. 1-celled.
1067. Lychnis. Cal. 1-leaved, oblong, smooth. Petals 5-clawed, with a nearly 2-fid limb. Caps. 5-celled.
1068. Cerastium. Sepals 5. Petals bifid. Capsule 1-celled, opening at end.
1069. Larbraea. Cal. 5-cleft, urceolate at base. Petals 5, biparted, perigynous. Styles 5. Ovary 1-celled,
many-seeded. Capsule 6-valved at end.
1070. Spergula. Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire. Capsule ovate, 1-celled, 5-valved.

Order 5,
DECAGYNIA.
&
10 Stamens.
10 Styles
1071. Phytolacca. Sepals 5. Berry superior, 10-celled, 10-seeded.
MONOGYNIA.
5670 Leaflets 13-19 lanceolate oblong
5671 Leaflets 8-10 lines long obovate, Pubescence yellowish brown
5672 Leaflets 25-41 obovate
5673 A tree, Leaflets roundish or oval very obtuse at each end as well as the calyx downy
5674. A tree, Leaflets oblong ovate acute and pods smooth
5675 Herbaceous, Leaflets oblong when full-grown silky above
5676 Herbaceous, Leaflets ovate-oblong smoothish
5677 Leaflets 9-11 acuminate smooth on each side, Pods downy
(\/2 5680
5682
941. Sophora. An alteration of the Arabic name Sophera. This genus has been much altered from what it
formerly was. It now consists chiefly of fine trees, some of which are hardy.
942. Ormosia. From 2:42, a necklace, for the handsome seeds, red with a black-eye, of the
species are well adapted. "The kind cultivated in England is exceedingly rare.
-
Z 3
Class X.
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
342
p.1 Bot. Mb. 7*0
9*3.
-.f
>>78ANAOVRia
fat/tida W. . itnkiiiK
S pl Hook ei..
5I79
lalilolia
W.
en.
broad-leaved
?
Y Nepal
568U ndica Wait.
Nepal
J | | 8 1
Baplisia nepalnsU Hook.
In. 13. 6. D Itl BoL
944.
TiiBRMOFeie.^ pr J * sfueril*
568THERMOP'S.Sl
lanceolita H. Br.R. Br.
ahnrp-leaved
Podalyrialupbutdet \V.
JP-.4 p.1 Mich.arb..ir94.
VIRGI'LIA.
Law. yellow-flower'd
Virgima.
15 leguminosa?.
jnjlJ Y" N.Abyssinia
Amer. .,,
1812.
5fi82
1.itea />.
1777. p.1 L'HJL MJ.L7
*Y w . G. H. 179(1.
5 area
H. .
great-flowered * [ | oror ril"
my.au
pJ Bot. mag. 1590
5fiS4 intrea H. .
email-flowered M \ | or
5685 capnsu . K. retch-leaved |_| ! JLau W C. G. H. 1767.
Sp.
1-2.
Leguminosa?
Bot mag. 1259
946.
CYCLO'PIA.
RBr.
Cyclopia.
5686 genistoldes H. K. Genista-leaved
or 2 jLau Y G. H. 1787. p.1
Sp.
57.
Leguminous.
947.
BAPTt'SlA.
Baitusia. lAI P' 3 au Y' Carolina 1732. D D.elttI02.f.l3
5687
ncrlooita
H. R.Br.
K. perfoliate
D
Y N.
mag. 509
5SS8
villsa
Ph.
rUJJ
oror 24 jnjl
N. Amer.
Amer. 1811.
175S. DD Bot.
Bot.mg.
177
5li lba
austral11
H. K. white-flowered
blue-rtowered S3t1
1724.
2 jnjl
jn.jl W N.N. Amer.
BoL mag- 10!#
5690
H.
K.
or
D
Amer.
175.
jl.au
Y
5691 tinctiria H. K. dyer's
r
Sp. 1013.
. PODALY'RIA.
Podalybia L_l or 6 Leguminosa.
CG.
179. p! Bot. mag. 19
ap-jl Pu
5692
rayrtilliflia W. A Br.
Myrtle-leaved
C.CG.
G. H.
H.
Venteis,
66 jao
Pu
5693
serlcca
.
K.
silky
184. J.1
a
VV
pl BoL mag. (53
t|L_>or
[or 6 my.au
5694
cuneiflia
V.
wedge-leaved
1789.
G. H.
f.jn Pu C.CG.
5695 biflra W.
two-flowered
1792. ! Bot. mag. USO
H.
PB
66 ap.jl
5696
calyptrSta
H..K.it. oue-flowered
H.
reg. Mm
my.jl Pk C.C. G.
5697
styraeiflia
Storax-leavcd
179. pl
G.
H.
pl BoL
Par.lond
l_) or 2 my.jl
5t)98
buxiflia
1.
Boa-leaved
1804.
C.C. G.
H.
Pu
my
pl
BoL
rep. 525
5699
oleicfolia
P.
L.
Olive-leaved
1774.
G. H.
2 jl.au 11
5700
hirsuta H.//. ..
hairy
H 1794. p.1
5701 cordata
heart-leaved * Ii 1I oror 2 myjl C.G.
Sp. 3. 1803. S ..p Lab.TOy.Lt
T949.
CHOROZE'MIA.
Choiiozniia. |_| or 3 Leguminosa
BoLmag OJ.
YY n:hoii.
5702
iliciflia
H. . Lab.
Holly-leaved
N.
Holl. 180;). SS S.P
52 mr.o
mr.o
s.p Bot. cab- 1619
5703
nna
H.
.
dwarf
m
\
|
or
5704 rhmbea H. . few-flowered * i 1 or ap.jn Y N. HolL 1803.
Sp. 12.
t950.
K. Podolobium.s \ | or 5 leguminosa.
ap jl Y N. S. W. 1791. S s.p BoL mag. 1*77
5705PODOLOBIUM.
thlobtum H. H.common
Leguminosa.
sI sp
Bot.reg.S92
951.
OXYLO'BIUM.
Oilobium.* 1 I or 6 apjn Y V.Sp.Di.35.
L.U 1905.
II
Labn.bo.Ul35
5706
arborecens
H...H. Uli
1805.
V.Di.
S
,.{,
BoLrcp.49
33 my.s
Y
5707
ellpticum
.
oval-leaved
1
I
or
5708 cordiflium H. . heart-leaved ti i 1 or ap.s Y N. S.W. 1807.
Sp. 23. 1815. S s.p BoL reg. 216
Leguminosa;. nThoil
952.
CALLISTA'CHYS.
Vent.
Callistachys.
3 jn.au Y
S s.p BoL mag. 19
5709
spcar-lcaved
5710 lanceolta
ovata R M.V.
oval-leaved * i1 II oror 3 jn.au Y N. HolL 1815.
Sp.
2.
Leguminosa.
953.
BRACHYSE'MA.
B.
K.
Brachvbema
N Holl. ma. s.p
s.p BoLreg.il
Bot. reg. '
5711 latiflium H. . 1 ' 1
3 ap.jl
mr.ap Cr
G N. S. W. 1820.
671! undultum .
Hto'P, L'a*, fro/tagation. Culture,

943. nagyris.
,. like,andandNorth
yvi,of aAfrica,
cinle. and
1U one
poil doubtful
is curvedspecies
Inwardsot 4"

native
of the SouthFiom
of Kurope
.usMil'is root
culti-i"l
in 944.
sandThcrttiomis.
under a hand-glass.
t
.
,
T
:ne
1 from the
resemblance
of ^
-This
, dl./gt g the
So: itnam
in
a
light
loamy
and
may
tie
'3*^
J
\r.\
vated
with
difficulty
gro-liable
injure theA plant,
that it is increased
withtodifficulty
that means.
V" coo
.nuul manyi things
I
945. toVirgilio.
genussodedicated
by Lamarck
the poetbyVirgil,
whose Gergica
interesting
to botanists.
. , in. allusion
,,,_ to10 the replicate 1
946. Cyclopia.
Nameil by Ventenat, from t;x<t, a circle, and *-(, a foot,
which
found about
the basefrom
of the
ikxIs.to dye, in allusion to the economical ^.19*7. isBaplisia.
So name.1
.sV-,
properties of some speel
s- |with simple silky Iea^^ ii
i
a
son
of
Aaculapius.
Small
Cape
shrubs,
948.
Podnlffria.
Podalyrui
purple blossoms.
umssoms. Tile
a
sisiiecies may be grown inj leat mould and peat, or peat loam,
sand,
raised fromTheseeds.
. soum-we.
ih west coast of be*
9*9. orChorozemia.
M. Labillardire originally discovered thU plant upon the
DECANDRIA MNOGYNIA.
M
gSLMTttlMcwIete
cute
-earn dliptical obtuse
343
5531 Leaflet, a 5-lanceolate, Stipule* Ungate twice a. long

" Ulk, Pedicels whorled
5682 Learnpinnate,
Leaflet!with
a ihortteaflett
point smooth,
Raceme*
long penduloui
SfiSumciii
pcrswtent,
Ovaries
downy,
oval
obtuse
pointless
56S4 SUmcni persistent, Ovaries smooth, Base ofcalyx pushed inwards. Leaflets oval obt. with a little point
5685Stam. decid woolly atbase, Ovaries downy, Keel acuminate, Leaflets lanceolate
5666 Leaflet* tubulateand sepals pointless, Braetes oblong ovate shorter than peduncle, Brauchtet* smooth
5^7 Leave*perfoliate
entirehairy,
roundish
w*i
leavesitalked.
very
Leaflets
ovallanceolate,
obtuse, Raceme
Mil Stem
Learc*andtmate
Leaflets
cunate
Stipulesterminal
longer spiked
than stalk lanceolate
50
I-eave*
ternatertalked,
Leafl.
ellipL
obi.
Stipule*
deciduous
subulate
shorter than sulk, Ovarie* smi>tr.
5661 Leaves ternatestalked, Leafl. roundish obovate, Stipule* setaceous obsolete
v~.au:,
OtipUICS
si
56
obovate on both
both
side* with
with the
thecalyxes
calyxes silky,
silky, several
Pedunc.times
one-fl.
as long
569! Leavesoblong
Leave* oblong
ohnw
w-** sides
55Leaves
obovateon
longer
thanastheleaves
1-flow. 5H
Leavescuneiform
cmarginate
silky,
Pedunc
shorter
than
leaf
6 Leave, oval silky on both sides ihortcr than 2- peduncle, Cal. downy rough
5686Lv*.
oval
and
obov.
pubes,
beneath
netted:
when
full-grown
not
eilky,
CaL
vilL
witha
scartous
rerL
5*7 Leave* ovatereticulate.
Branches
hairy angular
itriated,
Peduncles
long as leave*
55S8Leavessimple
ovate downy,
FL axillary,
Peduncles
longer
thanCalyx
leaf asdeeply
5fteLeave*
elliptical-lanceolate,
Peduncles
1-.
shorter
than
leaves.
split
57 Leaves villous italked: upper ovate; lower roundish. Cal. villoui with segment* as long as wings
5701 Leave*cordate roundiih subecssile very villous, Segments ofvillous calyx shorter than wings
57Leave*plnnatifld-toothed
spinyoblong
oblong-lanceolate
: with
entire
longer than the teeth
Leave* entire
iinuate-toothed
spiny
below;anthe
the
endpoint
of etalk
57MLeave*
flatmucronate:
lower obtuse,
rhomboidBracte
orbicular
upperelliptical
lanceolate
S5 Lvt opp. ipiny toothed S-lobed withatransverse base, Lateral lobe* muchshorter than term, toothed one
SJJ6 LeavesUa lane, Br&ctes adhering to top ofthe footstalk, Corymb, clust. Pods scarcely longer than cal.
Brades
below thesessile
end offootstalk, Corymb,
clust
Bn*
loneer u
M Leave* val.
ovate obL
cordate
hairy,deciduous
Umb. terminal
.cluA
roas
scarcely
Corymb.
twL2ta!
SI:
STOP Levellanceolate ante
571Leave* tmateobovate mucronate silky beneath
k*i ^mu>O.SUdd oblong ,,
5706
Sl?- CK"' "Od.

See Podlo
Podolohiun,
\ ZggSSSttfe^
lobium.
Class
344
Leguminosa. Sp.l .
954.
H.K. Gompholobhw.
5713GOMPHOLO
latifolium H. .BIUM.broad-leaved
* i | de 2 mr s Y N. S. W. 180 i.p Ex.tot5S
G.fimbrihtm
Sm.
. Bot. reg. W
S.Holl.
W. 1803.
2 mr.s Y N.
5714
grandiflnrum
i|_j| de
1803, Lp Bot mag. 1
mi.i YY N.N. Holl.
5715
marginatum
H.Sm.
K.. large.flowered
small-flowered
de 2 mr.au
1803.
5716
polymrphum
H.
variable
\
|
de
N. W. 1812.
5717
minus
SM. H. . tomentose
hairy-stalked i | de 23 mr.au
ap-jl YY N. Holl. 1803. - Ijrhii | *
5718
tomeutsum
57 19 venetum
H. . purple-flowered i\ j| de
de 3 apjl l*u N. Holl. 1803. Lp
Leguminosa.
13. 1803. LIP
t955.
a. i | pr my.jl
Y N.Sp.HolL
5720BURTtySlA.
icbra H. . H.K rough-leaved
Leguminosa.
So.
2i.
956.
JACKSO
NIA.
H.
Jacksonia.
cao. 42
W. 1803.
1803. Lp
5721
Broom-like ]-, j[ prpr jn.au
. Bot.
.1
.* YY N.
N. S.HolL
5722 scopria
epinoea H.H K.K.
spinous
Leguminosa.
Sp.
2.
957.
VIMINA .
Rush-bboom.
3 jn s Y N. Holl. 1789. . Bot. mag. 1
5723
. H.K.leafleu
5724 denudta
latcriflra ILLink.
aide-flowering * i. )| eu
cu S jn.s Y N. Holl. 1824. Lp
I.r.'tu/iifiosa:
24. 1802. S Bot. mag. S
958. SPHJEROLO'BIUM. H . Spiurolobium. S my.au
Y N.SpHoll.
5725
5726 vimlneum
mdium H.H... yellow-flowered*
red-flowered i\ || oror 3 jn.au R N. Holl. 1803. S Lp
Sp. 13.
959.
.
5727AOTUS
ill*a H.H... villous
* 1_J or 2 apjn Y N.Holl. 1790. S Lp Bot. mag !
Leguminosa.
Sp.
Ex. tot.
960.
Diuwrma * i_J or 2 ap.jl Y N. S. WO.
/94. il.p
il.pEx.
bot. tt
5728DILLWY'NIA.
floribnda H. . H.K.close-flowered
il Yi N.N.S.S. W.
W. 1800.
1794.
Heath-leaved
a LP
Bot.
mag
5729
ericiflia
HJC.
828 inr
m
W.
l.p
Bot.
mag !
smooth
i
I
or
5730
glalverrima
H.
K.
m ! Y N. S. W. 1800. i.Lp Bot mag
\
|
or
5731 parviflia . M. small-leaved
2
rar.
1
Y
N.
&
W.
8
9.
grey
l_J
or
Lip
Bot.
cab.
4
5732
i-inerecens
R.
Br.
5733 juniperina Lodd. jumper-leaved \ | pr 2 ap.my Y V. Di. I* 1818.
Ll.p
Bot.
mag.
EUTAXIA.
961.
EUA'XIA
H.K.
5734 myrtiflia H. K. Myrtle-leaved 11 \ ) pr
962. SCLEROTHA MNUS. H.K. Sclbrothamnus.
Ll.p
5735 microphjllus H. K. email-leaved *i_!pr
963.
GASTROIxyBIUM.
H.
K.
Gastrolobium.
i.l.pBotreg.<
5736 bilobum H. K. two-lobed (_J or
964.
EUCHI'LUS.
H.K.
EUOULUB.
5737 obcordtus H. K. heart-leaved \ 1 or %Z*Y~- nVoU. 1803. lLP Bot. cab. I
^965.
PULTENJE'A.
P.'Ltenjba.
Lip
5738
H. K.H. K.Daphne-leaved
l.p Bot.
Bot. W
mag daphnoides
heart-leaved * t_J or jnjl

V. Dl. L. 1808. aLl.p
my.jl
V
5739
obcordU
H." K. rough-leaved
NN. S.S. W.
1808.
11 my.jl
Y
Ll.p
Bot
te
5740
sefibra
H.
K.
W. 1789.
apmy YY N. S. W.
blunt-leaved
LiLl.pp Sch.Lhan
Bot mag.
5741
retsa
.B. M.
K.
1803.
2S ap.jn
,_Jor
upright
5742
stricte
N.
S
W.
1789.
my.jl
Y
I
l_J
or
Bot. mag
cab.
Flax.leaved L_|or Ii ap.jl Y N. S. W. 1789. Lip
5743
linoplijlla
H. K. chafly
i l.p Bot
5744
palccea
Sm.
W. 1792.
YY N.N. S.Holl.
L_J
S3 apjl
5745
stipularis
//.K. K. scaly
Ll.p
180.3.
ap
jl
Uor
Ll.p
Bot
mag
5746
vesttta
//.
I 1 or 2 ap mv Y N. S. W. 1790.
6747 villsa H. K.
History, Use, rropagautm,

Propagation,\Cttlturt.
^.,*.
ich swe
54. .
_ Theaccording
name oftothisthegenua
alludes
to the tumid
shape ofa '^^""'"uaed
to <
aclubnarrow
signification
of
;*}J4X,
word
tllenc
base
upwards;
primary
yifAto,
" tinga
difficult
toi under
or wedge,
or anyof thing
principle.
Delicate
plants,
climcuii
. pre
i ^
i n
root
a
a large
proportion
sand formed
in the upon
peat, aandsimilar
moderate
watering.
Young
cuttings
rooi
cut
955.plant,
Burlonia.
A genua requires
defined inmore
the than
Hortuaordinary
Kewensis,
withoutto ankeepexplanation
'^""''^/'
This
Sweet observes,
treatment
it in good ^1^,_*,2
ofthevery
sandy
loam
and
neat is asthenothing
best soilis for
it, injurious
and the toit
pota than
to betoowellmuch
drained
">'
'" 'tting!
water
may
pass
off
freely,
more
water.
;''"
difficult to root, planted in sand under a bell-glass ; it mav also be raised from seeds, w nicn
art 111
duced.
lBot.aui.iS6.)
d an,r
(tfi. Jnclaonia.
Mr. Jackson,
to Aylmer
I^mbf''.!
SL
practical
botanist,
ofNamed
whomafter
loo Utile
ia kuown.formerly
Younglibrarian
cuttings will
root in Bourke
aand under
a belg,
onos
under
a
hand-glass
bmfic'ofiiaked twigL "**"S * tW* The 14,mr,"":c oC ,he epec"" "b,ch
'M"'M 'it
0KDIR 1.
S45
6713 Leave term. Leafl. lio. or obL lia. an inch and more long, Stem erect, Keel fringed, Cal. in fruit reflezed
7M
leaves
tmate linear
straight.
angular
15
Lcsvei
Leafl.mucronate
obovate
edged
flat, Branches
stipules
long assmooth
leafstalk.
Cor.
calyx or twining
5716
Lu.
tern,tenate,
and qunate,
Leafl. linear
recurred
at edge,asround
somewhat
dilated
at end.length
Stemofprocum.
5717
Lata
tenate
linear
smooth
mucronate,
Branches
hairy.
Keelshorter
hairy
5718
1...
pinn.
1-,?.
tubulate
linear
mucronate
rough
above.
Cal.
hairy
than
pod,
571 Leaves pinn. of many pairs, Leafl. subulate veiny revoluto at edge and calyxes smooth, Keel
Cor. -ilky
purpleciliatc
57SQ Leaves tmate, Cal tmooth, Style beyond the middle beardless
t- Shrubby,
ArtKirwonitBranches
unarmed.spinyBranches
angular,spreading
Racemesungular,
terminalBracte very short
Ka
-3-cholomous
of calyx straight
. Powertsracemose,
Segmentsorate
of calyx lanceolate reflexed
57Tube of ai a little shorter than lips, Style included bowed from the base, Cor. yellow
57* Tube of caL twice as short at the lips, Cor. red
ST! Cal silky with appressed hairs, Pods stalked, Seeds dotted rugose. Leaves rough above
57SS
Flowers axillary
tubulaterough
mucronato
SiS
I'orymht
terminalternato.
sesile. Leaves
Leaves
dots divaricate
twisted,
Branches pubescent
EaCorymbs
terii.mal
stalked.
Leavessubul.
filiform
erectwith
smooth.
Muerotwoweak
recurred
S731 Leares short
tprpading
decussate,
R capitate,
Pedunc.
with
bracte,
Stigma capitate
57*t
terminalhorizontal,
sessile. Leaves
filiform
a weak short point, Branches silky
SM Corymbs
Leaves acerse
Branches
weak,erect,
Headswith3-9-flowered
~ Leaveslanceolateor lanceolate-obovate, Peduncles axillary twin, Appendages of wings very short
57 The only spedes
* Lvs.beoeath somew. silky retuse, Lobes round, longer than little point, Stalk of pod as long as tube of cal.
The only pect
S7 * lmnin?,> L**"* obovatc oblong flat quite
Ii 3 timestwice
as longas aslongbroad.
Point pungent
571.
cunate auront,truncate
retuse nal
it simooth
scarcely
an broad.
57'i *1
irw-leavescunate
brit>tlv
pointed
recurved
atlonger
edge than
rough
abovePoint
villouspungent
beneath
Head!
i
i
M
l,liear
retuiC
blunt
nat
**,
Bractes
a
little
cal.
"tM }>LtavMi
n 7"'" "r Ta fbovatc
mucronate
smooth.
Stem
upright.
Calyx
and
pods
hairy
" reTolutc
h' ,recurved
Vi ,,h- Wltl]
l'"1111 aml
wurv
edgw, with
Sttp. shorter
Iban
PK
?1^*
end,,lt,k'Stipules
solitary
-nerved
liieinhr.
torn botaUlk
Hieutha
57
ai ir ?.
? 1 011
BrartM
"bout as long
ai caLatleaves
flatStip.linear
acute,
Stipule*Cal
bitidand
flatbrat'
imbricated
SM Flat-elt
eaT
l,nrTO,tc
mucronate
smooth,
iml
ric.
ciliated,
1
Leaves linear oblong, above concave, beneath cal. and branchkU pilose
"V 711
and Miscellaneous Pariiculart. 6717
. the inpodsallusion
being nearly
spherical.
Secappendages
Jaeksonia.to the calyx In
ears,
to
the
want
of
the
lliM thpvirnunill.Mn.t
*^^5'* >*' ^ ' **' m botanic*1 comPe*Uon' *

inflated. The pods of
J,""Wl
\vfu^*b;*,,B'. eil lipped. The upper lip of the calyx is very large.
ruitency, M. D., a-ithor of a view of the writings of Limucus, and
346
N. S. W. 1801. il.
shining-leaved
5748
flcxilis
H. R.Jt Br. thin-leaved * i_J
i_J oror 1* ap.jn
ap.my Y N. &W. 1817. B.I
5749
tcnuifolia
lwo-lobed ti_lor 2 ap.m"y Y N. S. W. 1817. S.L
5750 biloba
R. Br.
Sp. 610. 1804.
Daviksia. A i I or 2 Iseuminasce.
9fifc DAVIE'SIA. L. T. needle-leaved
y N.S.W.
5751
aciculris
Sm,
N.
S. W. 1792.
32 ap.au
Y
Furze-leaved
i_J
or
BISS
ulictna
Sm.
my.au Y N. S.W. 180.
glaucous-leav'd
575-1 corymbi>ea
Sm.
green-leaved sH |I |I oror 2 jn.au Y N. S.W. 1809.
5754
mimosodee
II.
K.
D. glauca Lodd. broad-leaved * (_J or my.au Y N. S.W. 1805.
5755
latifoliaSm.. AL winged
my.au Y N. a W. 1811
5756alta
Sp.2*.
MlRRFXIA. t_]or Leguminosa.
+967.
MIRBE'LIA.
L. T. reticulated
s.l
my
au n/&W.
5151
reticulata
L.
T.
N. HolL 1792.
1803. S.I
my.au
lobed-leaved
5758 dilatU . K,
Jiuas-Tbee. or 20 Leguminosas.
96a
CER'CIS. w. IV. European
S.Sp.2.
Europe 1596. L
myjn
5759
my.jn Pu
Gr N. Amer. 173a L
760 Siliqustrum
canadensis W. American 5 or 18 Leguminous.
Sp.
Schotia.
969.
SCHOTIA.
I]
.C. G.G.37.
H.
Cr
or
i ... 5 Li
5761 specii>sa H. K. small-leaved
H. 1759.
1795. 1.!
my.e
Cr
Tamarind-leav. BQnr
5762
tamarin't.ifolia//.K.
Cr C. G. H. 1794. L|
5763 stipulU H. IL large-stipuled ** or ~. my.e
Leguminosa:
1330.1799. 1.
Mountain-Ebony.
970.
BAUHl'NIA.
... W.Y ESp.Indies
5764
scndens
W.W. W. small-lvd.
179a IIII
great-loaveddim. t.^
orspl 3020 jn.au W E.W.Indies
5765
racemsa
Indies
1737.
prickly-stlkd. 10 or jn.s
5766 aculeta If.
IIII
W.
Indies
1742.
dwarf
5767 divaricate
W.
ID" 5
Jamaica
1756.
long-eared
5768aurlU
W.
II
W.
Indies
1737.
smooth-leaved
.C3V
15
5769
porrcta
W.
EE Indies
1808. II
... W
LJpr 20
email-flowered *_t_llor
5770
parviflra W.if.
Indies
1690.
St
20 jnjl
variegated
5771
variegta
II
my.jn \V E Indies 177/.
tdr
white
5772 Cndida
1778.
t_CJ"f
251012 ... P E.E. Indies
purple
5773
1
Indies
1808.
or
5774 purprea
tomentosa W.W.
tomentoso
E Indies 1808. 11
acute-leaved S^CJor 6
5775
acuminta
W.
Brazil
pincer-leaved
5776 forficata Link.
Sp. 1.
AF7.EL1A. 1 Otm 30 Leguminosa:
971.
... Cr S. Leone 1821. i
5777AFZE'LIA.
africana . Sm. afrcan
Leguminosa.
Locust-Tree.
t/72.
'.
W.
Indies 1808.
1688. 1I
Y.p vi
leathery-leaved or 20
5778
Corbaril W..
Madagas.
warted-podded t I 1 ur 20
5779 verrucosa
5752
5749
575t!
,
Use, Propagation,
of various other works of merit These
are small
New HollandCulture,
bushes, with numerous
quently
brown on the
outside.
966.
Daniesia.
Named
arter
the
Rev.
Hugh
Davies,
a
Welsh
botanist.
like
root best when the cuttings are somewhat ripened and planted in pots
of sand,Plants
and cover
without
bottom
heat
'
tJ**l'reticulated
Mirbelio.structure
In honorof ofvegetables
Mr. Mirbel,
French physiological
the
makea distinguished
it proper to consecrate
to his meritsbotanist,
plants 1
reticulation.
968. Orcis.
Kbemtde isJude,
a name
Thcophrastus,
supposedHandsome
to have appertained
to thi
OWMfr
or flowers.
Arbre
Fr.,ofan
Arbotd
Amor,poignancy,
Span.
trees, with
tine shewy
These
having
agreeable
and beinglow
abundant
onby thtil1
quently
eaten
in
salads
on
the
continent,
and
those
of
the
fc.
canadensis
are
pickled
t anada.branches
The wood
of both
speciesspecies
is finelyareveined
with
andof green,
takesColo]
a(
young
the
Canadian
saidthe
to best
dyeblack
wool
aGerarde,
fine and
nankeen
pagateu
by oflayers
make
plants.
inandcomplia
notions ofeither
his time,
says,or"seeds
this is: the
the latter
tree whereon
Judas did
hang himselfe;
not u
ite?69is said."
Schotia. andSohisnamed
by Jacquin,
intravels.
memoryThisof beautiful
Richard genus
van derhasSchott,
a Duil
.i noeiinrunn,
companion
in hisSweet
latelythan
been
,rfvell" Tncy through
require,"
observes,
" coldest
rather more
warmth
a 11
(.
!7
'"
good
health
the
winter.
The
part
of
the
stove
will
soil
for
h
j
P|U"B1
In
the
tan,
as
they
want
no
bottom
heat
A
mixture
of
loan
stikerooi1^, """" planted in sand, and plunged in mould (not in tan), und.
The species
niS?^'
Plumier,mostinofhonor
the two famous
botanists,
John
consistS"of named
trees orbyshrubs,
themofclimbing.
The leaves
are simple,
| 0 I.
347
57Verysmooth,
FL axill Leaves
oblong
mucronato
flatlinear hairy above concave
57*9
Head*
terminal2-flowcred,
Fruit
lateral,lineer
Leaves
5750 Heidi terminal few-fl. Leave wedge-shaped
at thesubulate
end dilated
2-lobcd above rough beneath silky
5751 Lfave
linear
rerolute
straight
rough,
Flowers
axillaryPedunc.
solitary axill. 1-. Brades 80 imbricated
. ,.
57s;
Branchelinear
spinyoblong
smoothHatpungent
spreading,
Leave*
lanceolate
orcoryrolxwe
linear,
5753
Lev
pointless,
Pedunc.
axilL
twin
many-fl.
Calyx
regular
573* Branches unarmed, Lvs. [ong-lanc. with a very short weakioint, Corymbs axill Upper lip ofcalyx rctuse
5755
Branche
or oval
at base. Racemes axillary many-fl.
j,a Stem
leaflessunarmed.
winged,Leaves
Umbelaellipt
lateral.
Calyxveiny
andattenuated
bracte fringed
5757team
linearveiny.
-sceded
5758
Leaves lanceolate
wedge-shaped
at the endOvaries
dilatcd-trifld
57S
orbicularacuminate
cordate
j"'" Uarei
Leavescordate
. ..i front a little swollen
S7t Stem tendril.bearing, Lobes ofleaves. attenuatednan-ovate falcate mucronate
,
57&Stem prickly
tendril-bearing, Fl triandr. on outside with stam. atbasehairy, Lift downy beneath, Lobesrounded
SNSStem
leavessmooth,
acuteLobes
2-nerved,
Petalsporreet
lanceolate
MLeaves
at the baseLobe*
nearlydivaricate
transverse,
lanceolate
,->-nerved, Petals lanceolate
579leaves
cordate,and1*
acutePetals
3-nerved,
DDRacemesaxilL
term,porrect
nodding.
linear,Petals
Lobeslanceolate
ofleaves rounded smooth
Cal.
Limed
bursting.
Petals
sessile
ovate.
Lobe*
ofleaves
ovate
577S 1* cordate downyLobes
beneath,
Lobesovalovate
obtuse, CaL narrowedobtuso
upwards lengthened
577SFlowerstriandrous,
ofleaves
obtuse
Lwacordate,Lobes
Lobesacuminate
halforbicular
downyspreading
siij
learnorate,
half-ovate
Stemprickly, Leaves cordate with porrect 4.nerved lobes
Sff Lme*alternate abruptly pinnated, Pod woody, Seeds black with a scarlet arillus
Leaflets
coriaceous
base, spreading,
Flowers ofpanicle
Uares veiny
unequalveinless
at base.unequal
Panicleatwavy
Pedunc. stalked
many-fl. Pods warted
! "ie *Z?!* , to piumitT t

" ivated
^tT*"' " "na,",r ^
t ml, wh)ch ia collecled
348
hegunnosiE. Sp. 12.
973.
CYNOMETRA.
IV.
Cvnombtiu.
6780 caulinra W.
stem-tiowering O or 30 ... V.r E Indies 1804. .l-pLam
Sp. Indies
56149.1781. ltl Ca. i
CASSIA
974.
CAS'SIA.
W.
It.l Bun
two-leaved
5781
dinhyla
W.W.
India
four-leaved
S p.l
5782
Ab'sus
W.
W.
Indies 7.
1786.
twiggy
5783 rltnea W.
E.
Indies
1782.
rod
5784
bacillrie
IV.
E
Indies
1803.
pi
r.m Dill
long-podded
67*5Tgera W.
E
Indies
l<i9i
Plu,
5786
Tora W. W. oval-leaved
W. Indies 1739.
six-leaved
s.p Jac.
5787
bicajwulris
E
Indies
1808.
Senna-leaved
5788
sennodes
W.
Surinam
1890.
pointed
5789
8B. Ainer.
Bot
57t acuminata
molllssima W.
W. en. soft-leaved
Avres 1816.
1796.
coryml
su
5791
corymbsa
W.
Jama'ica
1759.
notch-leaved
5792
emrginta //.T.K. blunt-leaved
p. DU
Jamaica
1732.
5793obtusflia
S.
Amer.
1820.
579*
5795 pndula
laevigata W.W. en.
en. pendulous
smooth
s.p
Jamaica
1731.
silky-leaved
5796
ertcea
W.
8.P
S.
Amer.
1824.
unequal
5797
dispar
W.
en.
W.
Indies
1759.
p.l
l.1
5798 occidental^ F. occidental
W.
Indies
1778.
ehining
Rli
5799ptula
S.E Amer.
1819.
5800 proetrtaW. W. en. prostrate
.1
Indies
1800.
tree
S
5801
arborescens
W.
S.
Europe
...
ItalianSenna
Senna
SS ltl
5802
itlica
Lam.
Egypt
1640.
ltl Ta
false
6803
Senna
//.
Levant
Senna
ltl
5804brientlis
P.W.S. true
Madeira
1816.
1*Be
Ruscus-leaved
5805
ruaciflia
E
Indies
1821.
purple
58t
purprea
lloxb.
Egypt
5807
sgyutlaca
W. en. Egyptian
W. Indies 1822.
1766. S .1
two-flowered
5W)8
biflora
W.
China
1807.
Chinese
pi
s.p
5809
chinnsis
W..
America
1778.
5810
hirsuta
H.
woolly
E
Indies
1*22.
811coromandelinar.CTi.Coromandel
W. Indies 1S22.
58121anceolta P.S. bracteate
lanceolate
W.
Indies
1822.
5813
bracteta W.
W
Indies
1822.
tomentose f CDor
5814
W.
Indies
1822.
5815 tomentosa
glandulsa If. glandular
W.
Indies
1S22.
t
Oor
5816
grandis W. P. S. flat-podded pr W. Indies 1822.
5817
planiiiliqua
S.
Amer.
1823.
10 jl
Kobinia-like Oor
6818 rtpulcea
robinioldes W.W. n large-stipuled
14 F
Chili
1786.
...
5819
S.N. Amer.
1820. LP U
f or
or 344 jn.au
cuspidate
5820
cuspiilta
W.
<*.
Amer.
1723.
au.o
Jl
Maryland
5821 marilndica ff. broad-leaved or 12 ...
W.
Indies 1731. t .1
.1
J
5822
alta
W. W.
Baham.Ie.1726.
6
fl
Privet-leaved *C~Jor
8.
5823
Hgustrlna
Teenle
1779.
I I pr 4 jn.au
Jt
58-24
ltl
W.
Indies
1769,
mr.ap
ltl
5825 mulliglandulsa
frondosa W. W. glandular
smooth-shrub. ,I II oror 34 JLi
E.S. Amer.
Indies 1658.
round-podded
582fiSphera
I
or 10 au,i
Matapasto
5827
reticultaW.W.W. en. eared
EAmerica
Indice 1821.
1777. ltl
or
4
r.m
5828 HuriculU
1699.
1
jr..s
if
03
l>r
dwarf
5829
Chamccrlsta
W. long-haiied CJor 3 JLi

S.Surinam
Amer. 1820.
58J0hrta
IV.
en.
1823.
3 my.jl
SS ltl
58.11
marginta
en. white-edged
Ceylon
2
1>pr 22 jrus
Mimosa-leaved
ltl
5&2
m.mosodcsH7,W.
Santa
Cr. 1806,
1810.
jn.s
)
small-leaved
5833
mlcroph?Ua
W.
Ss 14
N.
Amer.
1800.
2
Jl
j
Ol
pr
Virginian
in
58-34
nlctitans
CG.
H.
1816.
* I I or 3 jnin jl
5835
7%. W. Cape
N. Amer. 1806. S 14
procumbent
58S6 capnsis
procml^ns
5801
5780
. Use, Propagation, Culture.

M Guaia
contractlona
of le otlnewii.
The expels
solutionaatulcncy,
in spirits and
has been
thought
notJJJ'j^
uy gcn
cases.
A
decoction
the
leaves
gives
ease
in
couw
I
bowels
; andis the
Inwardtimber
bark is: an
excellent
vermifuge
inbefore
substance
or decoro".
heBrt v
The
tree
excellent
but
it
must
be
very
old
it
cut,
""5.r"
'
,
wbedl,
It is Inandgreat
wheel-work
sugar-mills,
particularly
for cog'
JJ "
' , t wjU
hard
toughrequest
: it is for
so heavy,
that ainfootthecube
weighs about
a hundred
pounds,
It Besides
is muchthis
inhabited
by wUdfioney
(.)
locust-tree,
there is thebees.American
tree of that name, p^tai.
Robinia Pseud-acacia,
I scuu a^. am
offcripture, Ceratonia siliqua.
, I.
449
57SO Mowersgrowingupon the trunk
5781 LeaveS
Learn I pain
pair mil
calyxesTwosmooth,
SWS
obovate.
subulateStipule*
glandscordate-lanceolate
between the lower pair
5783
Lwespain
ovate
oblong
acuminate,
An
obi.between
gland between
the lower
pair.axill.
Spines
obsolete 3-toolned
5W
Leaves
pain
ovate
oblique.
An
obtuse
gland
the lowest,
Racemes
*talked
1385
Leaves
3pain
:
with
a
glandon
the
footstalk,
Stipula
filiate
cordate
acuminate
5786 Leaves
Leant3pain
obovate:smooth
outer largest,
A subulate
gland
the lowerbetween
pair
STVf
jpain obovate
the inner
with between
a globose
57W
Lew5pain,
Leaflets obtuse :elliptical,
Aroundest
gland between
the lowergland
leaves
578!)
Leaves
3pairs,
Leaflets
ovate
acuminate,
A
sessile
gland
between
the
leaflets
573) Leaves3pain
Learn painovateacuminate
withsmooth,
soft downA ongland
eachbetween
side the lowest. Corymb* stalked, Pods cylind.
5791
lanceolate
subfalcate
57
UNabout
4
pain
ovate,
Flowers
racemose
irregular,
Stem arborescent
M UneJ]mircJiovalu
ohtunethe-iieatli
verv villous
outerbetween
Kirnest,
gland pairs,
betweenPodsloweet,
Poda rcrurv.il
57i41
3or 4pain
obovate
outer largest,
A gland
theA lower
pendulous
rounded
5795leaves
4
pairsovate
hairy
with
a
subulate
Hand
between
the
leaflets,all,Peduncles
+-rluwered
Lsmm4pain
obovate
pubescent
ciliated,
stalked
gland
between
Peduiic.
4-rl.
Pott
jointed
575? Leaves5
Leaves 4or5
pairs oblong
obtuserough
: theatouter
largest
with Aa gland
between
every pair
57
painovate
Lanceolate
edge:the
largest,
gland
at tootsmooth
ofleafstalk
raeLtam5painolilo(ig
smooth,
atouter
basebetween
of footstalk.
Branches
Leaves 5 pain ellipticalacute

smooth
with Aan gland
obi. gland
the lower,
Stip. HlbuL falcate, . axillary
2J{*5P*in cordate
ellipticalobtuse.
smooth,Stalks
An oblong
5pain
withoutgland
glandsbetween the luwer, Macemos axillary
Lwvn6pain obovate smooth, Stalks without glands, Spikes racemose, Potls leafy compressed fule te
l'jira
lanceolate
eoual,
Gland
above
leaves pain ovate lanceolate smooth with a the
glandbaseat ofthe
the baseleafstalks
of the stalk. Pod compressetl edged
">j Umh, ViiMir, wate lanceol.
withlargest,
a gland Aat gland
bitso ofonstalk.
Kacemes
many-ft.S flowered
shorter tha
awUna6painlanceolate
acute hair-,
the"outer
leafstalk,
Peduncles
S
t
VI
pain
M
,moth
:
lower
smaller
with
a
subulate
gland
between
the cyhmlntMl
lowest, Stalks
1 leaves
jaMjm>
mj)tl.
H
ute
,mooth,
with
.
1
gland
.it
the
base
of
the
stalk,
Pod
hook.E-flO!
pin ,late <1 woolly : the outer largest
Unceolatc
withapprcssed,
a gland onLeaflets
the leafstalk,
-Uaves1 or8
painpain
obovate
veinv, acute
Stipulessmooth,
lanceolate
nearly Potl
equalround smooth
0 [airs oblong obtuse without glands, Haccin*
"
iinout glantls
*aVM5
*' ovatelanceolate
smoothsmooth,
with a gland
at the
baseleafstalk
ofthe lc
S
i "*lJP*'"
'neeobte acuminate
on the
letra8pairsovate-lanceolate.
A glandimur.niatu
betweenA gland
the
lower.
Stipules
uva.c-Luid
*ery large
.JjU-mw
10pairs ovjiU'-bm-eolatr obtuse
smooth,
St.dk
wit hunt
êfpain ovate-oblong equal, Gland at the base of the leafstalk
gJ*îeinoval-oblong:
theouter
outermallest,
smaller, ALeafstalks
without
glands. Stipules spreading
S,Leavesw 6pain
' 1| wal-ohlobt.
lanceolate : thehairy:
glandAatsubulate
base
ofleafstalk
^
the outer largest,
gland between each pair. Pods linear
SMinoMl-obl.
smooth
A cylindrical
gland
between the lowest, KoobL With
no ,gland at base.
Si*m
P"1"
with out
anrounded
oblong
thebase
_Pod
Tjii*1
P*mslanceolate
leafletsmucronate,
oblong
atgland
eachntend
beneathStipules
hoary,renifonn
No glandbearded
on stalk,
compressed
"*
pain
obtuse
Glanda
many
subulate.
S2!!?" P>. tiland ofthe footstalk stalked, Stipules ensiform
JW tZ-T?- *""^ Leaflet*
stlPul* with
lanceoLtte
linear withwhite
elevated
lines,a Leaflet*
ruspidate
5
subulate
gland betweensetaceous
every pair
i > ri**'e"5pairs
* pairs linear
linear mucronate
with aancartilaginous
tibsoletc
theedgebaseand
the
leafstalk,
S
with agland
glandatbetween
theof lowest,
Pedunc.Stipules
solitary I fl.
BS 1,-1!?>' *1*' pentandroua. Stem erect
.. . ,
>U
villous. The plant in Bot Cab. Il something else?
-v7.;m>ny,pamlincar'
p4i" *ithoutStem
Kbnds.Hexuose
Stem erect
procumbent
Ii oeu
^tsite
asftS*^sffi^-a.ê
""Mb
ib. "Win,'Sit*- *.Z "8' "
Cuss X.
DECANDIUA MONOGYNIA.
S50
Rh. hrt
nal. It*
T75. CATHARTOCAR'PUS. P. & Catt,ahtocaRP^
&SAsL lp
Lp Co.
Ulli
"s^Wtob
?
* '" 3
pu E. Indi 1779.
58. javnicusP.&S. " purging
Java
"Lim
Lp Jacaroer. 40
97G.
W.prickly
Parkinsonia. or
5839PARKINSO'NIA.
aculeta W.
S r.ro Bot. Mg. 995
t,77,
POINCIA'NA.
..
Poinciana.
5fft0
Flower-fence *
3841 pulchmma
elta H. . H. X. smooth
oror ' ... Y E. Ind'i I"8- S r.m
Sp. 9-18 1770. S p.1 ab.it.
t978. C.ESALPI'NIA. H.K.broad-leaved
Brasilkttto. J( CD ec 15 Leguminosa:.
... Y Jamaica
S l'-l
I.K
5842bjuga
W. W. smooth
Or
Jamaica
J
I
1
ce
20
58+3 brasilinsis
E Indira 1739.
1773. SS pl.Rolb.cor.Ul
F-l
flu.
gen. at.Li
narrow-leaved J ec ^ yW.I Jamaica
5844Sap'pan
W.
S
p
Rh.
mal.
5843
Svo. W. oval-leaved
1806.
Mimosa-leaved ya U
ec 15 '" YY EE Indira
5846 Crista
mimosodee
Indira 1821.
1801. SS p.lp.1 Rum.am.o.L*
acute-leaved

or 106
5847
Nga
H.
X.
...
a
Amer.
Senna-like
CZ]
5848
S p.
.... Bralil
5849 cassiold
mucronlta If.W.in.en. mucronate * IZJ
Brazil 1823.
1820. S p.1
oror 6
0 punctata W. en. dotted
Sp.
17.
leguminosa:.
974
K. Nicker-Tree.
India 16*1 S.P UaH-1"
5851GUII-ANDI'NA.
Bnduc H. . H. oval-leaved
I or 12
12. 1759. p.1 Jac.ic.3. L*1 .
980 HYPEKANTHE'RA. W, Horse-Radish-Tree. Leguminosa:. ESp.Indira
ffiBSS Moringa W.
smooth
or 10
leguminosa:.
981. HOFFMAXSECGIA. Cav. Hoffmanbeogia. jLau
cS&i1"* 1806. ^LpCa. ic '.SS
5853 falcria Cav.
sickle-leaved Q cu 2
25.
982. ADENANTHE'RA. yellow-noweredl
.
ESp.Indira
mY.au
"585* Pavonlna W.
... YY E. Indi 1812. S .*-.3...>>1
woolly-leaved oror
5855 falcta W.
Sp- 1; ,. 1L1 Pic.h.p.9.r.. a cu 6 leguminosa:.
983. CA'DIA. W.
jajl W.pu Arabia .
purple
5856 purprea W.
1. 1812. r.m Rort.cor.LLSi
Leguminosa'.
Puosopt.
98*.
... V.a ESp.Indira
5857PRtySOPIS.
.picgera L. Itox. eatable-podded I O ec 20 leguminosa.
sp1- Ii24. r.m CaLcar.il.5
if.
Logwood.
Hill.
1
"">-"--1 O dy *u
985.
Amer.
5858HJEMATOX'YLON
campechtnumIWn.
W. common
SBft COPAl'FER A. officinal
.1. OF CaPBVi.
I m 20
9 omcinli W.
5837
History,
Use, Propagation,
Culture,the fruit of tue P". Wng , jtrrt
975. Catharlocarpm. From
to purge,
and *fr, fruit;
cathartic.
The speciesl?3omay*m
be treated
as Cassia.
. John
. DParkinwn.
^ nnthecary, of- I^ndon;theamLab"'.
Pa7adism
TeSri.'
plu"er,
n
memory
of
num and
llnrS ib*1!,?nd
1 "eatrum Hotanicum, 640. ' It is a handsomeapothecary,
low tree, not unlike
Parkinsoma.
"
77 ^? hc West Indic "e-" houses, as the latter is in this country.
bofh
i "r, lo.WF'"*
tn*- inhedges,
"dor, hen
thethe
leavesname
areofbruised,
like savin
J car^!
ShirtOTiS
"here cillS
Tn" ",,"^
whence
flower.fencc,
or Spanish
Increased cith by cuttin10.jd" 1' a " hMt '
Clen?enfvn?';,i
Plumier, arrangement
In honor of inAndrea.
chiefscarce
physician
De Hai tis IlBi ."1
b" "f5?ematlc
plants, inCasalpinu.,
his now very
ork. t
ejl
dying In , ".'i'"' i10''
He die.1 at Home in 2. The wood of all the genus '
wMch'Cj.er
4','"? tTm'L,d
"ithM,he
neart'"'
of the
wood red,
heavy, -md
and exported
very hardabundantly
: it dye. *!
for trefn ,h\|LSl"?g
. dve"
dUrablB
e-er,
by the t.n
thJ\\Â^Âgi'^"n*di'" wood used In dving, and extensively imported to Bj^S
ast species is elastic, tniigh, and durable, and trt a JJjJ* ,
ornnge-color, full of resin, and vields a tine full tincture by /nfJaioD. 1_ t vM ! n
.....
produced
bv
Ca-salpinia
echinata.
Sweetandoteerves,
succeed if Ulken orT in a growing state, but notCuttings,
too young,
plungedwill
in anpoi, ôi Ad, ' under a *"
In moist
heat.
[Bot.
/
32
)
_
Prussian
. . )argc
979. Gui/aiufina.
Named after
Melchior
"'".r
Bouul " pdua.
He died
in 1590.Guilandin.
The speciea arc all iravenv,
fine trees, win.
1 of tb'e
leaves.
80. Hyperanthcra. From vtrtft upon, and ay&x{, anther. The ave barren
Otui I.
DECANDKIA MONOGYNIA.
351
oily specie,
""4, Ulyxes equal downy
SMPricU,,
inSin, IUchi.
Le.ert.obcotd.tc
and down,
calyxe. *f^^
S^t&oroT'1* rn&i
Mt.~i,Leave,doubl,
Le.fleUov.teobbg,
pubescent.
Cri.
MfticilbLm.
.oval,
ovalRaceme,
uneq. .med
obt. and
cri.ovate
.mooth,
Stamen.
1c,ngt11
S*
ftickw,
Leaflets
.imple,
Petal,
shorter
than
the
smooth
calyxVI 1
Mi Prickly, Lea oolong , Stamen. Iiortwr than cor I CHlsjsooiiy
56*7 petiole
beneath,
and caL
5Stipule,
.piny,prickly
Leaflet,
oblongleaflets
refuse. acute
Leafstalks
hairysmooth, Pod. l.!-eceaea
6849 Pnckly, Leaflets
obtuecblpinnate,
mucronate
smooth
mInarmed,
Leafletsoblong
unevenly
Leafletselliptical
obtiuc mucronate ,ln,*~t
dotted
5851Hie only species
&SRower, halfdecandrous, Leaves about bipinnate, Lower leaflets t
5853Stem decumbent, Leaves bipinnate ovate glaucous
Pode 3.corncred
decompound downy
smoothbeneath
on each side
& Leave,
Leave,decompound
The only specie.
Theonly specie. Branche, spiny, Leave, alternate conjugate
Theonlyspecies. Leaves abruptly pinnated, Leafleu obcordate
S&9Tileonly specie*
haracter ofbestmTpolf
the genus Is to
ed,roo,
present
'reTheeaten
as aplant
con.
5,**"' SL fen"f.' J". Copaiba
^given tn tbn .
hes ? at tiCcaxil
Cuss X. a
DECANDRIA MONOGNIA.
352
Tricuilia.
10 Metlactx.
jn.ll W Sp18.
W. Indies 1794. Lp 1.117
987 TRICHI'LIA- W. imootl.
BoLrep637
5860
sweet-scented s* H
or 10 Jn.jl W W. Indies 1801. ip BoLmag-lOfiS
5861 glabra
otlortaW.. .
te.
Sp
37.
S
si
-trke.
Jamaica
S) na 165.
988.
MffLIA.
1656. s.1
5862
AiedarchW.W.W. evergreen *jt* iHI oror 4040 jn.i
jn.:
5863
sen.porvireus
W
E. Indies 1739. Ri Cav. dis. i.Lb
j
or
60
in586+ Aadirchta W. Ash-leaved
Metame.
njlftSM.
Qui
989.
Ce. variou
... W Sp.Is.14.
France 1822. pi Cav.dlM.t.21
ious-leavcd M eu
5865QUIVI'SIA.
heterophylla Cav.
dis.7. t.SO?
Maiikanv.tree. im 80 :
... H Sp.W.2i
Indies 1734. pip.l Cav.
990.
SWIETE'MA.
W.
Rox.cor.l
til
5866
Mahgoni
F.
60
...
E.
Indies
1796.
1
CJm
S67 febrfuga f.
Lam. . t.S*8
. Sp 1.
991. EKEBER'GIA. W. Cape
ll_|or S jl.au W . G. H. 1784 pi
58 capnsis W.
Bot mag- i"38
McHaceis.
Sp.
1.
Hrynba.
992.
W 'bc'pal 1* i.p
5869HEY'NEA.
trijuga *.Hox. Walnut-like J or 20 s
Lam.ULt.S4
LlGNUM-VIT-TBEE.
993.
m w *f*B *windle. 1694. LP
5870GUAl'ACUM.
officinale W. W. officinal
If. Bean-caper. 1I cu
Lp
99+. ZYGOPHYL'LUM. heart-leaved
t. Ow
5871 conliflium W.
? Svria
cyG.H. 159
1790. Lp
t-Jpr
cu ;fca
Lp
$5872
Fabgo
5873 f'tidiim
W.M.
insuave
B.
spotted-flower.
RR
1I
pr
6874 macultum W. white
Z] or
5875 lbum W.
History, , Propagation, ,
., the *
.:
. Fron, ^^^RUthôf . P^5^wffTO- f*
capsule,
the
seed,,
being
produced
by
threes.
T.
'
a^".Jm\\%
u,
.at5l,
flower.
1'.ri senium, wiicn
i.*.. Uivated.
smell
The species
seen in name
colleen...;.,
tree .,__,^n
peen thought
Sot Mclia.
"arewasrarely
the' Greek
of theund
manna ash, from cui.i honey.,
^
looseof
to M.resemble
the
ash
in
its
foliage.
...
,1.
Spain
and
ItRlbP^Si
consist
azedaraeh
(,
Arab,
grows
to
a
large
tree
south
M
spam
berries
cm
bunches of blue flowers, succeeded by pale yellow bernes, i bout he s,se of a On endosing nut *r jt
a pulp, which is poisonous in a high degree, and mixed with grease,
bored
and strung asisbeads
by thebyCatholics.
. Azeoaracn.
.-,
M. sempervireiis
considered
some as only a variety of the
._hter
<*9.
s. The
tree is called
de in.
isle iiiusinous
of,u1**^
-_,Vonat.S.ieten,
tic*
orasin
tne
ugarden
Vienna
. nf
9!. Sieirtmio.
So named
by Jacquin,
honorm the
of
the
,r'.
,Xtankga^rden
Vienna.
founded
the
botanic;
V
IHUs
Teresa, Empress
of Germany,
who
atlefty
his persi
nching tree,
with aa wide
handsome
head o "'^ldyor
S
mahagoni.
The
mahogany
tree
is
a
branching
tree,
wun
armest
parts
Mella, and the fruit of Cedrela, about the size of a turkev's egg. 11 J but are more cow
in Cuba,and
Jamaica,
Hispanioln,
&c. a. The
trees wood.
on theThey
Bahama
uui ndsarc
veined,
are known
in Europe
Madeira
generally
grow on t e *
solio
flrmneC7erain.
of J >.
toandbeother
no earth
for
their
nourishment.
Mahogany,
like
other
''"^^"^'^"Sod
from
the
rocky ^
circumstances, with the soil on which it is grown. The best turnmii
St.S.Domingo
andis athelofty
Bahama
^4.. *wood is ofknow,
a dullan " that
febrifgahard
tree,; inislands.
general
apearancc
like
the the
Mahogany.
remarkably
and
heavy
It
,s
reckoned
by
the
natives
"t
^/"'"ffor
variou.
other ,1
account
is isused
for all the
wood.work
in their
temple. ; ofit isit also
"rv'fviou,rtici,larly
.hades, fffi.
The
bark
internally
of
a
light
red
color
:
a
decoction
dyes
'V*?

The
bark
is
internally
ol
a
iignt
reu
color
:
".
>.
"j^r
.
strong,
particuw
cloth has been prepared. Its taste is a bitter and astringent united, and icry
(h(_ curethe
' ,
the
. h tne
disease,
mi *h|Cn
the
not any way
nauseo-asandor has
otherwise
In mua
. o. >r. dlel
tenusame
withtime
considerable
advantage,
also beendisagreeable.
found elhcaclous
in most
cinchona
bark provesCharles
serviceable.
(Thompson'!
London
"''F"'0''?!,^-^ '_
travelled in Asia, from 17
991. Cuttings
Ekcbergb.
Gustavus
Ekeberg
was
a Danish.naturalist,.who
1771.
succeedafter
must
their
leaves
entire,
and be German
planted botanist
n sand anann V ,d,, whootraveH"!
992. .1 toNamed
Dr.have
Benjamin
Heyne,
a learned
many
in India,From
whereruaiac,
he formed
large collectionto ofthedried
. fectf Ouiana
1^' wlth
993. years
Ouaiacum.
theatree
treePlant*.
circumferenf.
niarai;
tne
namerise,given
wfeethnshigh,
aw
7'7lr"r
Hve feet in circu^'.
ltal
This
fortybruptlyp^nnateJeavM.
andby"j,is '''""''
four orJ^hM
h
h'c". ,.
GuJaJcfrummi,
Ger.,
Gujaco,
iul greyish
ches,
bark,
and
bin ^0,
^
Mil^*,
many
divided
knotted
branches,
greyisii
uara,
mau
.wj
v
-
nT*
to
arrive
ai
succeeded
by
compressed
berries
of
a
roundish
form.
The
tree
takes
many
JJPVfu^,,
trees
in
'"5,1J
The
root,which
run generaU,
far into theshoot
ground
perpendicularly,
contrary
to thein usual
growthij \ darkA olive
re rem"
Indies,
the
largSt
prongs
of
their
roots
a
banj^
colo^
near the surface. The bark Is thick and smooth, the wood ? " luaDle timber no
olwerved
to run-very
gTained,
thele strata running obliquely into one another, in form ot an .
M 0ni I.
DECANDRIA MONOGVNIA.
353
5 Learesbipinnate,
lomcwhat
quins
5S6j
Leave*bipinnate, Leaflets
Leave* cutsmooth
rugose^raew.hat
ahining about
guate
5864 Leavespinnate
9, Petiole rounded at base
5863 Letva alternate oval and obovate entire sinuate-toothedorpinnatifid, Pedicelstwin axillary l-flowcred
iotR LesTes
Leaves pinnate
pinnate inin four
four pairs,
pairs. Leaflets
Leaflets elliptical
oTate-lanceolatc
at base, unequal
Panicless
7
roundishequal
emargiuate
ataxillary
ba*e, Panicle termini
5S3Theonlyspecies, Leaves pinnated with an odd one, Panicles axillary
5669 Leaves pinnated with an odd one in 3pain. Pan. axill. on long stalka
Leafletsof2or 3pain obtuse, Capsules 2-celled
Leavessimple
roundish
7 Lmesconjugateopposite
stalked,sessile
Leaflet*
obovate. Peduncle* erect, Calyx smooth
73 Leavesconjugate stalked. Leaflets obovate, Flower nodding, Calyx pubescent
5871 Leavesconjugate
Uavesconjugate stalked,
leaflets clvate
linear-lanceolate
<J
stalked, Leaflets
fleshy with a
,6*
bavi^
WackKS*"''' osudnrt Um
h uS;"cn. it rises to th
""he wood ,
iun-
tr also seiwatea
indiscontinued
1j08, ana
gained
muchwood
fromof
B ixiorc
been used
for .Eiiciva
the same
purpose
by the
ofcelebrity
St. was
Domingo,
_natives
>
introendainiti1"î"'10"'
U'at
c*h'bitiun
of
mercury
w.ts
for
a
considerable
length
* K wm"1*ni1century
itscorn;ct
specificobservation*
powers overhave
this discaae
were
--autet^'"111"'
shownmercurial
that maintained
it course,
po&sctwcsforbyBocrhaavc;
non \ powers
,,tM1rth
uni
\lstir
fe,r
viru*
!
anii
,tiat
11
"
useful
only
after
a
successful
i
i
ti|;
theof
'jr *hethere ir., t T'*-'|,.1
" and where
a thickened
state of the
ligament,
or ofthe
periosteum,
remains,
^fthesecomCi
"'
ul""n"
(Pcarson'i
Ob*rrvaliuiu,
&c
p.
10.)
or
in
suspending
the
progress
1 nt the wood ha i^T',0* a ihort timct ** ulcers of the tonsils, eruptions, and nodes. The decoc-of
^JVssMtts, and inni t! mnre "All in cutaneous disease*, scrofulous affections of the membrane*
" Theguaiac itself U an efficacious remedy in chronic rheumatism and arthritic
M for whichofthethedecoction
the woodeffect*
Is usually
given
: and in every
respectin
wood.
Itsof sensible
arcifathe
gratclul
iithingredient
andopium
thirst,andwithantimonials
a copious
flow
of sweat,
body sense
beexposed,
kept warmth
externally
ited
with
:
but
when
the
body
is
freely
instead
of
menuconsiderably
urine. (Hsosssjow's
hondo" Ditpcnsatory,SU.)
Tows
freely in loamtheandsecretion
peat. of
" Cuttings,"
Sweet observes,
are generally sup j nd "P*1
on"at a joint,
root readily,
in aperpot
handglass
in heatcuttings,
Whentaken
the cuttings
arc rooted,
whichplanted
will bethineasily
DECANDIUA MONOGYNIA.
354
Ip DL*44"e
.CG.
G. H.
L
33 jl
my.i
four-leaved
H. 1732.
1713.
587R
Morana
W
s.p Bol
Forstmag.1. 2
t
euilc-leaved
...
Egypt
18S35817 eewilimlium W carlet
3
5878 cocclneum L.
Zygophyllac.
Sp. 210-17
Bot mag. 1
S
Itl
FagoniaUii.au
Y
Canda
995. FAGONIA. W. Cretan

LJ CU
5879
cu S. jn.au Y Arabia liS- S 1U
Arabian
5880 crtica
arbica W.W.
S s.1 i^\\!f
Caltrops.
99 TRI'BULUa W. great
il Y & Europe ia| S 1U Um-ilLl^1-'
5881
W.
Bot- reg- ll
"
mall
Y
Amer.
5882 mximue
tcrrslris W.
Ciatiu-like 23 Rutacetc. Sp. 25883 cietoldes W.
p.l
,
Fraxinulla. tA ' 3 my-jl P" Germany . p.1 Jacaust."58
.
il W Germany 159,
5884DICTAM'NUSw
Fraxralla Unk.w. white
A or 3 Hutna-<r.
5885 lbus L.
Sp. 1024.
Lam. m 'f^1
bUIU[is
"
3
fus
Gv
Rue.
"99.
HUTA.
W.
YL?- . m ~
common
G,_ S..S Europe
Euroiie iaa
1- Jacte. Lt
588fi
gravolene
W.
5887
montana
W.P. S. brd.-lvd.-Afric. . i_J un 2 jn.s G.v Africa
1722.
BoLmag.2j"
17. .
5888
chalepnsie
.
larrow-leaved
- 1ii_lIi un 2 . b.T Africa
5889
angustifolia
/*. S. winged-leaved
Canaries 1780.
n.
,.i
i.,
.-.i
1816.
5890
pinnU
K.
Spain
Botrep
un ,4 m>-su 21 Spain 1752. .
5S91 pubescent IV. en. pubescent
. 1
Flax-leaved
Jiunl
1819.
5892 iinifolia If.
Italy
.m Bot
Paduan
5 un 1*1 |n>
ff*
B,T
jnji "I
18901
5893
pataTina
L.
Africa
Hook,mag'1?
ex- - '
<;.y
3
jl
large-leaved 5 un
5894
W Nepal 1823.
5895 macrophyla
albiflra Hoo*.Sol. white-flowered JE |AI pr 2 La
S.1.P
Botmag3S9
Rutacex.
Sp..
Crowes. s t 1 or 3 jU m N. S.W. 1/9U.

t999. CRO'WEA. Sm. Willow-leaved
5890 eallgna Sw.
H. 1. S H.l Bot rep. 3^
1000.
CCDON.
W
prickly
inCODON.
Ii MJ
. l
-" cu
7Ochnacae. Sp.c'a
5897 Royni W.
tl .>. t
22+.
BUTTON-FLOWEH1001.
GOM'PHIA.
W. glossy-leaved * O el 4 ... Y Jamaica 1B0J. s.1 Ann. mm 18
5898
nitida
W.
3
Y
Jamaica
1.
*si
* el * - _ip. 2.
5899 obtusiflia IVc. obtuse-leaved
Ousaais
Sp.
ni
Bot
mag1^ .
(KASSIA. m _20 Srmaruhacex.
. n n Quit
1Q02. QUAS'SIA. W. bitter
jiana
1790.
Allb.gu.&tS'1*
Jnjl
.
,
'. Indies 1(89
590t Simarba
amn ff. W.
winged-leaved *t or 6 ...
}5tWl
History, lite, Propagation, Culture.

and a V
995. Fngoiiin. So named by Toumefort, in bonor of Mns. Fagon, archiater to- Louis XIV.
Crl,
itron
of
botany.
Small
prickly
plants
of
no
beauty.
.
n5nt.
0f
the
capsules.
.^. s
996. From r tliw, and
a point, in reference to the po, "eSi,
s
Chevalier,
FT.
The
term
CW/raJ
is
taken
from
the
form
of
the
?ullJ
of
five
nuts,
umtw
ifs
lat were formerly cast in the way to obstruct an enemy s cavalry. i "> i~
.
Kingston
that
a subglobular
whorl
armedofwith
prickles.
, (hthe worm.
rld . it is common
9*"
an
T.
tcrrcstris
is
a
native
most
of
the
hot
and
temperate
parts
of
>1
hich
In Jamaica, where it is called Turkev o'ossom, and planted m gardens for the sake
(o fatten th ,j
smell.
The
fowls
arc
observed
to
feed
much
on
them,
which
"^
ad
troubl
hntthtm Ilm ttavm. i " II.. :t. .. ,mi. it is a common weed in' "afouh ddoni
cattle
the prickly An
fruitancient
runninglame
intooftheir
All supposed
the speciesto arebe ">.
1 < uirtamnus.
. ,
997.inbyusciiiwwsiis
.
whatfeetwhich
,h lemon-Pf'r
,,1 and
ancient name
oi wuai
inis now
uuw ."- thetne
. Own11
.....
pw"
_ . 3.
Fr.,;|/.
allusion to theas
remarkable
similarity
cxisU between
ia of tne
". u,wert.
ti,.
.,h
The
i.hni0
nit
,^11
who,,
crentlv
rubbed,
emits
an
odor
"'f
^.pis
of
the
the'ash.
plant, ofespecially
whenscent
gentlyThis Une scent is strong"' . which
mj. bibruised
haswhole
something
aofbalsamic
whkh areit covereil

with gtands
a rusty
red
color,
exuding
a visci1
Jm and,
resi..,(
êxhale
wlth n,ut.
-usty
1
coior,
J~y.~-n
onfl
take
fire.
TheexuuiiiB
root is used
in medicine,
I , inas aandark
place
may
be
seen
to
Ruta,
to
!fnc
ate and drastic.
, ;* - Rala, m w" n TTie
opiate
IS
i'lSnic^n
^jcbW^
'
,beyond
or ruf,the"^LI:".
in ingenuity
Anglo-Saxon
;
ruUwa,
in
Sclavonic
; in Frenrt
1 was formerly
'""''
Runic
;
nub;
rula,
ofof etymologists.
grventeos
and inother
" Vuthon.
,1t
root
of theplant,
word and
is
medicinal
emblematical
repentance
ami R.grace,
in
is called herb
of grace,alsoasasrosemary
is called
herb of remembrance.
.,'|,',":
(1, ave
blistera poweii".
the skmj - -,
oilnr, and a hot, bitter, nau.eous taste. In the recent state they ,| n1"'1'?" alld is ^0,,'0^^!
of this is dissipated
rue isas stimulant
'{'.oTOtc.
who colic
tWw2,'<
enimonagogue
powers,in .Irving.
It'was
in Medicinally,
high practice,
estimation
early asused
theandtime
oi riipiai nalulcnt
Ii""
itLonrfon
in female
complaints.
In modern
it is chiefly
in hysteria
vorvic'
Dispcnsrtto
487.}
.
fr.BA
iames
Crowe
999. Crovea. So namedby the president of the Llnnenn Society after friend Jam ^ ot IT,,u iri
anflower
excellent
British
botanist,
whose
collection
of
willows
wc
believe
still
exists
^
,
for
the greater part of the year. An equal mixture of sandy loam anil peal is an ,! ..4'
care must be taken not to over water it, or it will look yellow and unhealthy.
4 Qua I
If1
I
S87fiLear
g
bave
coi
.'
l
i^
LS
horn*
ooscureiv edH
J
1
SS3
illoue
*-1 8.]
*" H ml, ^
10
MIA. _ _ .
unir entire
T,,=
TL* ftW "* ^T^^
>.
"*" W*te(Jk!SS4* ' lie 1;. i

d<nW?p,.AI Z " fibrou, te ( * ' is illodnm
rflbu'St 52 '""'"ble
inI the
the stove :
2
....
. .
""pmsatory,
DECANDEIA MONOGYNIA.
356
Adtel'im.
1.
lOOa
LIMO'NIA.
w. simple-leaved
44 Aurantiaceie.
...... W
I Indies 1808. r.m
. 1
JW'ffi
monophylla
W.
W
SB:
crenulate
5903 crenulta ti. a.
Sp. 3.
r.m Bot i
100*
GLYConm ft 6 a.d
China
590* GLYCOS'MIS.
dtrirttU Z*"tt ,Coir.various-leaved
E.
Indie.
90.
-pifiara
.
M90
Jnjl
W
or 90 my.au W E. India 1796. r.m
r.m j1
.. five-leaved 0
:(.
|.viim.|...j
..
1
lor
tree
I
5906 arbrea Corr.
Bot
Morbata. * [_JI 8 Aurantiacete.
1005. MURRA'YA IK Ash-leaved
E. Indie 1771.
au.i W
:
5907
W E. Indi 18'^ ft 8 1
5908 extica
paniculitaW. WalL panicied
Sp.
l-a
Aurnntiicete.
1795.
lui
Jac.
Wampee-tree. CD fr 15
China
1005.
5909 COOK'IA.
punctata 1. W. Chinese
Sp. 1-3.
Onrnili. J I I or 15 Malpilihiacete.
1007 CERTNE'HA. If clustered
mr.ap W E Indice 1(96. pi Bot.
5910 racemofa 1.
ioito/rortfC. NP'n^r. 182V. S i.p
1008. MONOTROPA. 1 Yellow Bru a -NEST.
cu
BriUin wood*, b s.p Eo|
5911 uniftra
.W. one-flowered
{5012
Hyppithj-
common
5\ A cu i* jnjl W
IMOHJU.
1009.
I T)roser.
jLau W Sro'lina 1768. L -P Bot
{5913 DION-EA.
Musclpula I.W. Venus' Hytrap iAJ cu Terebintacc.
Wndies 1808. S lU :
Garu*.
*b
1010. GARU'GA. Rox. winged-leaved Dor )
5914 pinnit* H. K.
Rhodoraeece.
Kalmia.
MIL KAI/MIA. it. Calico-bush
5 mv.jl
5015
latifolia If. Shcep-I*urol ***
RH N. Amer. 173& L *P H0'
5916 anuurtiflia
52 my.jl
my.jl
red-flowered
*
rbra
m.v<,,b.
ap.my Pu
5917 alaca
. Ph. glaucous
2 ap.ray
rotmarintfiia
itosetnary-lcav.
au. RR
5918 hila 1.
hairy
I 5901
History,ofUte,
Culture,
Limonia.
general
denomination
the Propagation,
citron isin aArabia
ii lymobn, whence
hiw
to 1003.
which
fruiu very
thisThe
(tenus
nearly
monophylla
small thomy
with aotoerr
small
nutmeg,
like aislime,
andrelated.
called byI* the
Hindoos wild
lime.
Ripenedtree,cuttings
ti
GlycatmU.
From
,
>..-,v.-,
sweet,and
oru*
smell
;
all
the
parts
of
the
plant,
leaves,
flower
inanWW.
sand,
under
a
hand-glass
plunged
in
a
moist
heat.
_
agreeable perfume
. pentaphylla
an elegant
fragrant
shrub,dropped
very common
most
inthere.
Loromandel,
but pUnt,
chieflv
underdrying
largeinis trees,
wheredifflises
birds have
the needs.inscent
It ; Dowi
The whole
when
the shade,
a pleasant
permanent
the
quisltely
fragrant
the
greedily.
0.
arbrea
hasis ;also
veryeatfragrant
flowers.
_ _its ti<
G. citnfolm
a birds
beautiful
stoveberries
plant,
not, Indeed,
for the
valuable
on account
of its fruit,
which
is about
the sizeremarkable
a haxel nut,
veryshewinesi
juicy and ofsweet,
a.
prolusin
m our stoves.
1005.
Murraya.
So
named
by
Koenig,
in
honor
of
John
Andrew
Murray,
knight
of
the
ft
V , professor
and sixe,
botany
Gottingen,
and anleaves
Vtorandof iragrani
Iiimauis'swhite
System
v eg<
species
are treesofofmedicine
the smallest
withat dotted
pinnated
flowers,
of our
fruit is
XLof ^
an orange.
v'C<M,k*nwherc ilNamed
arr'lvbyatSonnerat
the size ofin ahonor
pigeon's
egg,celebrated
growing inCaptain
bunches,Cook.
and itThe
is called
1,um frin^n
loam, andin riI*i>d
cuttings
withGayrtncr,
(heir leaves
on
root
in&sand
in aImp.
moistPetron.
heat Mem
memory
of
Joseph
M.
D.
F.
R.
Acad.
the
and
plants,
It. is a- largefjnceclinjinni
1007.excellent
Grtncra.workInon
- J
most
the fruiu
fruits
and seeds
seeds onof
of .r.mi.nt
plants, Stutg.
btutg.the1788.
lew.
0fer its&
cultivated
all over good
theoncoast
Coromandel,
account
beauty
anainirn.
n
beau
stove it requires
deal ofofroom
to flowerrtn
freely.
It isofeasily
incrcwe
. remarKal
genus is now referred to the natural order of Malpighiacea;, among v. men
Monotropa.
one, hue,
and tt,
flowers
and1008.'
without
leaves, ofFrom
a pale uniform
havingtoa tum
simple: itsscaly
stem are,?"
; aineatu^^Wt
m toÔml
^
offibrous,
the Orchis
tribe
in
its
peculiarity
of
scent,
which
is
like
that
of
VrimTc'
, innirU9
half de
much
branched,
and
somewhat
creeping,
growing
among
dead
leaves
ot
mould. Sir J. E, Smith save, he could never find it truly parasitical. In bweaen,
given
aftbeted
a cough. to the heath, Pyrola, and simdar
. ., plants,
lont, is myj sir
pe -teddry to sheep
affinity,
whichwith
is certainly
Okdir I.
DECANDKIA MONOGYNIA.
S5T
52
tarairraplc,
Spina
solitary
il'.-s !*ni pinnate, Leaflet! obion
59W Lcare* limpie and 3-lcaved, LcaSeta ovate-oblong acuminate, Peduncles axillary ihortcr than sta
55
Leavepinnate
Leaflets oblong
ellipticalobsolctely
entire serrate
SM Leaves
pinnate inin 22pair,
pain. Leaflets
SSCI
Peduncle* many-fl.
'-'i Leafletiorate.
Leaflet* ovate-acuminate,
Pedunc coryraboec
axilL and solitary
59C0 Leave* ovate-lanceolate acuminate nearly equal at base
S10 leavespinnated, Leaflet* ovate-lanceolate
5911 Fiowensmooth
Lsrjtc ccmuoui,lateral
Scale*close
together
WU
octandrous
513Toeonlyipeciea
BMTheonly ipecic*
5P15 Leave*oblong,
Laves!
and Bracte*
scattered,linear-lanceolate,
Corymb* terminal
591t>
Corymbstmate
axillary,
Pedunc. and calyx downy with gland*
Olwe opposite obioDfj polished beneath glaucou* revoluto at edge, Branches 2-edged
eme LtoTM
i M alternate
lineaT moreandrevoluto
beneath and branches hairy, Pedunc axil). 1-flowned
oppositegreen
ovate-lanceolate
591t
5915
5917
4
1)5918
One of the an, ;tl'^î6
~*"1
Venu*
i i. . j
plat 1 rapect of it, leave ,u,h
H In.ccu, when ,h. .t.J4oor
a bull
m- huÎT-J1 ange; the
extremepart,
or proper
CSTh
11
ccount,
for
be
afflrmt
that
I
,''etrucbon u ? il P[hablc, that a iweet liquor
. * lempts the insect
***were
in . kJ flowmPfow
thet lf a ,trawin a corymb
a Pin 06resembling
introduced anbetween
they difficult
will graspto itpreserve
as fast
S*W fad*itanthrt
umbel.theItlobes,
is rather
^llWi
1,iailtcd ofa the
pot Liverpool
of Sphagnum
withgarden,
a little finds
mouldthat
at theleaves
bottom
of the pot,so
I^Mill ioroot nan
r . enShepherd,
botanic
of Dionaea
to plan planlL In all case* it is necessary that an abundance of fresh cool air should
in^^JJH". Gongo i* the Telinga name of the plant, which 1* rare in ourrtovea, although not ofrecent
by Li"nwus
in honor
of Peter
Kalm,
professor
at Abo
in Sweden,
author of
*ft*"**Utifoiau!,*1
IJPied
P"1

peat earth
shrubs,
deserving
a place
in everv
Americanground.
^4rWtaatrnln
tarill"u
ar|d
other
part*
North
America,
of
Pennsylvania,
New
York,
but
TV hST3L5
er rivulet*,
on thewhich
aide* ofit* barren
most &c.ttenlc
00togreen
|, , 2S
lh" >
e,eBit *brub
lessen thatandesteem
beauty hills
claimson; the
for though
deer
'i'*!*- ma7,?;*lt'1 mpuniiv, yet when cattle and *hcep, by *cvcre winter* deprived of better feed,
""^l The f " blossom*
in Mav. andtocontinues
in flower
a great from
of the summer.
be pcsoDOU*
in the
v'r.K'n*budiofof lh,. r.i An"'""an
4ut WMwnpartridge
denies thisit sa]d
statement.
The Indian*
use winter
a decoction ofitsthefeeling
leave*
f"*
nabik7^^f?0n
A
few
droP
of
the
tincture
poured
upon
the
Iwdy
of
a
and has
vi55 *eo with mu'rh .
reptllc 1 h"* time. An ointment made of the powderedlargeleaves
Th?'1
m ten'a "P'1''- and othcr cutaneous affection*. (See Bigriow'M Medial
J^îjj^T'yh'ird,
it very wi
usefulof inthe(mailer
works.
are texture,
said to and
makeeasily
smallwrought
dishes,
7!
b*Ta!rvUt,Mll<
rooU :[CurtU.)
these areThelarge,Indians
of a soil
^We^ffi^hard nd
smooth.
poisonous to sheep and catUe.
S5S
L"s.p Bot. i
Labrador- ba.
1011
1762.
S Bhodoracex
ap.my W Europe
LL s.p
5919 Lt/DUM.
palustre
W. W. marsh
;
Huds.l$ay
1762.
*p.my
W
e.p Bot i
decumbent
dwarf
J
N.
Amer.
l/i^.
3
ap.my
W
5920
latif.'-liura
W.
broa<Ueaved
*
or
L 8-p Bol:
N.
Amer.
1736.
5921 buxif.'.lium W. box-leaved . or ft .my W
Ammyrsme buxtfolia Ph.
1013.
Rhodora 3 BAodoracea?.
ap.my Pu N. Amer. 1767. L p-l Bot.
5922 RHDDORA.
canadensis W. If*. Canadian
Sa 1523. L s.p Bot
Bhodoraceo. Switserl.
014Sferrugineum
RHODODENDRON.
.
Rhododendron
S SwiUerL 1752.
If. rusty-leaved * ..."ror lftlftmyjl
Bot
1656. LL s.p
my.jl
hairy-leaved
592*
W.W.
Siberia
1780. L s-p
Pu
or
33 mr.d
s-p Bot
01Daurian
59253 hirstum
daricum
Siberia
Pu
or
f.ap
L s.p
W
atrovtreus W. dark.leaved
Kamtech.
1803.
Pu
s.p
Bot
Kamtchatka
5926
camlchticum
Austria
1786.
.. oror 1i
Pa.pu
LL s.p
Bot
5927 chamaecistue W. Thyme-leaved
Caucasus
1803.
Pu
au
8-P
Caucasian
n5928
caucfisicum
W.
Siberia
1796.
Y
.
or
ft
]n.jl
L
e.p
Bot
yellow
5>2l
chrysnthum
IV.
N.
Amer.
178o.
Pk
or
4
jn.au
Bot
tlotted-leaved or 6 jn.au Pk N. Amer. 1786. LL s-p
5930 puncttura
W.
large dotted-lvd.* epl 20 jn.au Pk N. Amer. 1736. s.p Bot
major
large
L
s.p
5931 mximum
W.
N.
Amer
1811.
W
or
20
jn.au
j epl 25 jn.au Pu N. Amer. ... LL s.p
Ph. Ph. while
tree
y ibum
purpureum
N.Gibraltar
Amer. 1809.
Pu
L s.p
s.p Bol
Bol
Catawba
**J orspl 124 Jn.au
5932
Ph. common
1763.
Pu
my.in
LL s.p
5933 catawbinec
pnticum
W.
Gibraltar
1763.
Pu
spl
12
my.jn
s.p Boi
obtuse
obtsum
Gibraltar
1763.
Pu
spl
12
my.jn
Ex
myrtle-leaved epl 20
y myrti/liumSm,
Nepal 182a LL e.p
Pu
tree
5934
M>
60
Pk
33 jn.au
hy.s*? epl
Ltf
5935 arbreuin
azaloldes //or. Thompson's
Pk
epl
jn.au
Herbert's
hybr.a
5936 hjbridum j?. Beg.
. IL pr ft jl.au T N*Amcr. 1736. L ^
1015.
5937 EPIG'A.
rpena W. W. creeping
Sp- Lapland 1798.
1016.Shypnoldes
ANDROMEDA.
W.
Andromeda 1 ft Erice*.
Fl
jn.jl
Fk
W,
Mosu-like
B(
N. Amer.
1736. LL LP
...
2
jn.jl
W
Maryland
s.p
9 marina W.
N
Amer.
1736.
it oror 22 jn.jl
jn.jl W
oval-leaved
LL s.p
N.
Amer.
1736.
W
oblong-leaved
s-P
J
N.N. Amer.
W
) ferrugnea
Ph. rusty-leaved
Amer. 1784.
1774. LL s-p
Ii ororor 203 jn.jl
ap.my
W
sp
rigid
5941
rgida
Ph.
Jamaica
1793.
I
...
W
LL s.p
5942 jamaicnsi*
Carolina
1800.
W
.p
5943
Ph. W. large-flowered
Carolina
1800.
li ororor 333 jn.e
jn.
w
smooth-leaved
L
s-P
a spcciea
nitida
Jn.* W Carolina 1800.
meaty-leaved
pulverulenta
SON
5925
ihttory.
Use,
Propagation,
1012. .
A*!?ev
wasbythethename
applied
by the
ancients
toCulture,
the the
plantLedum
producing
the
Ladanum,
and
now
known
name
of
Cistus
Ledum.
In
foliage
of modern
with the plant of the ancients. Pretty American plants, very commcnly
cultivated
for me
flowers.
..
1013. Bhodora. A name of the same meaning as Rhododendron. It is well known in enruw*
able1014.for Khwlodendron.
its purple flowersprom
appearing
ona rose,
the naked
shootsa before
the leavesthecome
out resemble'
^*5,
and
tree,
because
flowers
of roses. Some of the species form beautiful and even splendid ornaments to the shruuDc
ground
; and all ofandthemhirsutum
are interesting
and
of culture. of Switzerland, AMWj *"_
K. femigineum
abound
on deserving
theas we
highascend,
mountains
Dauphin,
and
terminate
ligneous
vegetation
and furnishthe the
shepherds
win
The
grouse
are
said
to
eat
them
;
and
the
white
hares
sometimes
in hardIwcat
do not seem to feed on them, except from want of other food ; gnaw
and they bark
are suspected
oi v
degree
poisonous.is almost
The galls
of some
insect are
frequent
on them.
K. dauricum
peculiar
to theemail
subalpine
tracts
of eastern
Asia; it appears ,
first at ui
river Jenleea, and beyond that, especially from the river Uda, in the pine woods, it begins to
about
it ismore
mostrare,
abundant,
and extends
the deserte
the Mongols
i MMMMI
bma itBaikal
becomes
and beyond
that it through
is much lower,
with ofa more
slender toflower
R.allt.)
Caintschaticum is an elegant evergreen under shrub ; ' it grows abundantly in the peni
chatka
and Bcliring'e
placesrocks
on theofmountains.
iL caucMicum
is a island
nativeinofmuddv
the higher
Caucasus, near the perpetual ice, .in tnc
BliniM)y
vegetation,iswith
Myrtillu.evergreen,
and Vitis ida.
r-it^Wu.m
a
beautiful
resembling
R. dauricum,
like it inis athisnatic<
"gions of aoerla, where it U a noted remedy for rheumatism.
It ie and
cultivated
. Order I.
?M*3
j: H4f:
.- bu
K**;
p
pi
M*1
]i 4
w.
i Map
r. -
DECANDRfA MONOGYNIA.
5919 Luv linear revolte at edge beneath downy
5920
rvoluteflatatsmooth
edge beneath downy. Flowers about poutandrous
59S1 Leavesoblong
Leaves ovate oblong
359
5S2S The only ipeciet

5E
tmooth leprous
beneath.dotted
Corolla
funneLahaped
SSt Luve*
Leavei elliptical
acute ciliated
beneath,
Corolla funnel-shaped
5925 Leaves .mooth doited naked, Corolla rotate
Laves ciliatenerved. Corolla* rotate. Calyxes leafy
glandular
rotate.Cor.
Petals
obtusePetals roundish
5 Leavn
Le.ivci elliptical
scaliroui scute
rusty with
downciliated
beneath,naked,
Umb.Cor.
terminal,
rotate,
oblong
scabrous
beneath
discolored
smooth.
Umbels
terminal.
rotate. Pet obovate irregul.ii
55 1 oblongsmoothbeneath dotted with resin, Umbels terminal, Cor.Cor.funnel-formed
5331fi 1*
oblong
glabrous
diicolored
beneath,
Umb.
terminal,
Cor.
rotate,
Petals
roundish
Leaves cuneate-lanceobte flat
i
laIpT
-1|1
flattish
r' Leavesoblong
Umvm ihort oval
rounded
at each
discolored
beneath,terminal,
Sepals elong.
Cor. campanbte
C
imooth
: ofthe
sameendcolorsmooth
on both
sides, Corymbs
Cor. obL
campan,
rotate
Leaves
lanceolate
arate
silvery
beneath,
Flowers
clustered
camuanulate,
Calyxes
woolly
Leaves thin
rugose lanceolate
subdeciduoue
w* Laves
oval coriaceous
glaucoussmooth
beneath
Leaves cordate ovate entire, Cor. cylindrical
m te
smooth, Pcdunc
terminal,
Cor.oblong-ovate
globosc-campanulate
rwunc-iinbricatcd
negate subulate
on the branches,
Cor. ovatesolitary
cylindrical,
Leaves
entirede
entire deciduous
SS-
i'"M'"">
MU
th*7have
itflrstanJ"
austere,
bitterish
taste,theandheatareofsttirtl
fMkjTT*
J^_ukm'
increase
theastringent,
arterial
action and
ithi.
ntiti^.
.
.
b'
-lmlrdmK
t"
llr.
Home's
observations,
followedItliyhasa not
proj
' PuL,e m one case having been reduced thirty-eightan*beats.
v
ttryumsmental" 00 ^ m h*11 a0"8 where it continues flowering great part of the year, a
j^JjgBpows in wet places in beech and alder coppices, on rocky mountains, but not on high alps.
*Wnrt mm*~
propagated
but insome
sortsinproduce
of other
ftiMyeover
* TOmmonl>
'?c ,
,|"1bybe layers,
sown early
spring,
Hat pansseeds,
or potandofseeds
peat soil,
and
"'ntm ZijS ,b te a close frame, or at the front of a hothouse, till they come up, wi
"11*,
. CL}t,larl'd
l ""i1"asthey
aresituation,
high enough
to bestand
laid hold
of, theya must
be pricked
otI
fwh
rZ
,:,
a
shady
they
may
in
a
frame
few
days
till
they
"^
,,Vhe>
S""1
>"">i
remainWood,
long,andor plantad
it will spoil
them.undera
Thebell-glass."
small kinds(/.
maybe
prmiag
BShi
"
,hc
in
sand,
Os.
SU.)
"salAw'ntIi
. 'he earth. The stem grows flat upon the ground, and throwl
* maiMSEu
V |
A -to Pretty
little Andromeda,
Americ an plant
hitewasHovers.
?".
iWenH^T
5 allusion
the virgin
who,withlikedelicate
this plant,
conbned
'-".
Flora
iSZs'
of
the
waten.
For
an
ingenious
explanation
of
this application,
.
Tkey
all
riffi"*-.
^
*
are
neat
little
plants,
and
some
of
them
considerable
shrute
ÊSS
and"eions,
a moist situation
those ofmore
them which
grow natural!:
.* hipnoMel
hiTib
the over
air lor
is great
always
thandoinonnot
plaint,
"
them rtiW""
' a moss,where
spreads
tracts ofmoist
ground
the
Lapland alps,
' fromsteda
W tam
The Andromeda
generally
increased
by layers,but
may bedi
-* Sil
ineae must
be very thinly
covered, aa isthey
arc small,
and woiUd
rot if covered
As 4
SCO
Class X,
poliflia
IT.
marsh
CL
or
1
ray.e
Pk
s.p
Eng.
bot 35
atiftia
broad-leaved
. or 1 my.e Pk N. Amer. ... L s.p
j6> /
Hosemaryn.
or 11 my.s
W
Britain
tur.bo.Ls-p
Eng.
bot.
angustiHia
narrow-leaved
or
my.s
Pk
N.
Amer.
...
L
a.p
P.
ro.
2. t. 713
7.U3
glaucophylla
Lk.
3
subulta
awl-leaved
tt.
or
1
my.s
Pk
L
s.p
5945
japnica
Japan
1L Jor 3 ... W Japan 180. L s.p Th. jap. t. 2
55!H6
panicultaW.Wats.
PA. panicled
W N. Ad . 1748. L s-p Dend. brit 37
$5947
willow-leaved Ie oror 43 jnmy.jn W
N.
An . ... LL s.p
Dend.
brit. 3836
$948 salicifolia
spicta Kalt.
spiked
or
2
jn
W
N.
Amer.
s.p
Dend.
brit
5949
multiflra
Wats.
many-flowered
or
2
jl
W
N.
Amer.
...
L
s.p
Dend.
brit.
123
5950 crispa
i.
curled
or 3 ... W N. Amer. 1824. L s.p
[3951
frondosa
Ph.
bristly-flowered*
Amer.
1806.
oror 403 jU
my.jn W
W N.
L
s.p
5952
arbrea
W.
Sorrel-tree
Amer. J752. S s.p Bot mag. 905

5953
W.
. ft 3 jl
W N.
S e.p
5954 racemsa
Catente7!
W.Psb. branching
Catesby'e
or 2 jn.jl W
N.N. Amer.
Amer. 1736.
1793. Sk
s.p Bot mag. 1955
A.
ipinulosa
5955 axillaris
W.
axil-flowering
1
or
I
my.au
W
N.
Amer.
1765.
Sk
s.p
L 39
long^flia
my.au W N. Amer. ... Sk s.p DuhameL
Bot mag.
mag. 2357
5956 coricea
W.Psh. long-leaved
thick-leaved Ii oror 21 jn.au
Pk N. Amer. 1765. L s.p Bot
1(395
A.
nitida
rubra Lodd.W. red-outered I or 3 jn.au R
cab.2.672t
5057 acuminata
acuteHeaved
L s,p Bot
Ex. bot
A. lucida Jaco.
Pipe or tem-vo. i or 3 au W
A.
populifih
lia
Lar
A.A. reticulata
Walt
laurina PA.
Mich.
$5958
floribunda
many-flowered ** oo 3 my.jn
N.
Amer.
LL e.p
Bot
5959* calyculta
Pk. elobe-flowercd
Box-leaved
N.Russia
Amer. 1812.
1748.
s.p
P.Botro.mag.
2. 1 72.1566
ventricsa
oo f.ap
f.ap
1748.
I,
s.p
mag.
1286 1
tattflia
broad-leaved
f.ap
Newfoun.
1748.
Lip
Bot
cab.
530
nana
dwarf
n.
ci
f.ap
5960 angustiflia Ph. narrow-leaved oi 3 Cap
W N. Amer. 1748. LL s.p
s.p Bot cab. 862
1017.
ENKIAN'THU-S.
M. Enkiantiius.
5961 uuinquelra
M. .Canton
\ | el 3 f.s PkSp. 1?China 1812. s.t.p Bot. mag. 1649
tl018. GAULTHE'RIA, W. Gacltheria.
5962 procmbens W. trailing
Jft, er Ericea. Wsp. ia
N. Amer. 1762. Sk s.p Bot rep. 116
1*1019.
AR'BUTUS
W. STRAWBERRY-TREE. iJLs
Ericea?.
Sp. 815.
5963Undo
W.
common
or
10
s.d
W
Ireland
ir. ro. SL
Eng. cab.
bot 2377
y rubra
red-owered or 10 s.d Pk
123
plena
doublc-owered
or
56 s.d
W.Q
L
Bot
9
mtegrjflia
entire-leaved
or
e.d
Pk
L
Bot
mag.
6964
canarinsis
Lam.
long-leaved
LJ
or
8
my.jn
W.a
Canaries
L Bot mag. 2319
1577
1796.
5965 alpina
Andrchne
oriental
*. or
6
mr.ap
W.e
Levant
G p.l
reg.
113
1724.
foSfi
W. IV. -berried
or i .my W.a Scotland sc. mo. Sk
s.p Bot
Eng.
not
2030
$5967 phillyrea?flia
Uva-urti W. P.S Bear-berry
JU
ft
ap.jn
F
Britain
al.hea.
L
s.p
Eng.
bot
714
n. \_\
ww AndrachnoidesLiiut. Phyllyrea-leav.
hybrid
8 f.my W.o Peru 1812. Lp
, Bot reg. 619
A.
hybrida
B.
R.
5970 serratifolia . serrate
I I or 6 mr W.a
Lip Bot cab. 580
5940
wIu, 1*1.
History, Ute, Propagation, Culture,
when" 2?enough ? ^ Ut in other
where thev will grow strong, and,
frost
and
worm?
are
Lj;tothma^^JT1^
- *e best
time tooutP^tin them
outfa.{Bot,
the
Cult. 2780
OUt of 0,0 1"01"111 in winter,
if planted
autumn.
Rri7cor
n W"*
given to theappear,
plant bythisLoureiro,
- hasEravb^HWb 0nCP Whicn
beautifulbecause
genus,theas
Sweet
ol*ei
cuttinfes
root i^\yiT^&^^Sl!^^^l i P^Sê : ê difficulty is now removed, at ripened
noil
foi
.
coualmixtuefodiS3^,,
^-gl.,
without
bottom
heat
romB
: when it f
M~bk
raTtLrf
^"
M tkenplanta
not to for
Overwater
it whenst
ervatory..Lite(Bo,.
SLi-." re.must
mo*
"inenUil
the 6reenhouse
quinqucnora.
', 1 There
""'! several
SP<*"
eonfounded
under the common
name Enkianum.
^^SâSSrf
ai..FrCnch physician " *= A I'
P"'"To?;"";8 ,h"
sssf ^ Knrlet ^ The fpS te
amion toithe rhnDet'f iVîo' m f, '^'0 "> the Celtic r fcf. austere bush, in
"^JemLuXAfciî
""*
'UArbomUr,
have been.,
so called
torn
^ s ,oi,m, unagreeable, no one
could eat a second.
LandUerc,
OiMiL
361
5 Pedunc.
anrrgate,
Cor.
ovate,
Leave*
alternate
lanceolate
reVolute
Laave. otariR
; Leaves
Leave* lanceolate
linear-lanceolate
Leaves tubulate
345) Racemes
Rceme
1-sided panicled
terminal,
Leaves lanceolate
obovate
M6
terminal
panicled,
Cor. roundish,
Leavn hairy
ovate
entireacute serrulate at end
5947
Raceme
compound.
Leaves
lanceolate
subeerrulate
shining
SH8
terminal
Leaves
membranous
:' Spikes
Raceme
compound1-iidcd,
terminal
crowded,
Leavessmooth
narrowoval-lanceolate
lanceolate roughserrulate
at edgeacute
pilose beneath
60
Leaves with
lanceolate
wavy
beneath
miob' scaiy,
tor. campan,
ot petals,
Anthers
awned
5051
Hispid
pubescence.
Leaves
ov.
lane
acute
serrul.
Cor.
globose
hispid,
Anthers
awncd
Panicles
terminal,
Cor.
pubescent,
Leaves
elliptical
acuminate
toothletted
03 Racemes
Rceme terminal
term, simple
bracted,
Cor.
cylindrical.
Leaves
obi..lanceolate
serrated
and axillary 1-sided, Cor. ventricse tubular. Leaves oblong lane, finely serr.itcd
55 Rceme axillary simple, Cor. oblong. Leaves ovate acute serrulate
56RacemesiHary limpie, Leaves ovate entire shining, Branchlcts 3-cornered
57 Racemesaxillary simple, Leaves ovate lanceolate acuminate errate
Quitesmooth,
Leavee
obi. ovate
acute
finely% serrulate,
Racemesdotted
axillaryy and
and tern
terminal
aw* Peduncles
solitary
axillary
Bracte
Loaves
clustered
"i,T
uuw oval
ovai scaly
acaiy nouw obeoletely
obaoletely
serrated
lor.r.i--..*ZZ~i
ventnecee,
Leaves
obi.
lanceolate
Tentncose,
obL1-sided
CvlinrlFin.!
I
1
.
1
I
.Jj
BCoi.M
Cor.
obL
cylindrical,
Leaves
oblong
oval
obtuse
SJdwarf
Pecuoc solitary , Bracte 2, Leavee narrow oblong lanceolate, Corolla oblong oval
5B6I The onlyspecies
M Leaves oblong obovate mucronato toothed crowded, Stem procumbent
2Stem arborescent. Leaves oblong lanceolate, Panicles smooth nodding. Berries many-seeded
S s^^0ng'lanc?o!ale Btedi Panicles vertical hispid glutinoua
erect, Berries many-seeded
ISsptrbe^^
procumbent,
rugte serrated
procumbent, Leavee
Leaves entire
,!'.','Vh,cd
J"""11
acuminate
acutely
irrate,
Flower, axillary
tarn aeciuoiB, Ovary imooth. The ame a next ?
) Lavo lanceolate serrated very thin a little wavy
^nd rtuo tv
a" Mcrlantnu Particulars.
""irten i, piWliarl,lJ,fn"î?udM
! of " mort
elegant
of hardy
A.ripe
imedo.
ThlaIt
"athlofthsssA
rfiSl?
<***1
covered
atinonce
with shrubs,
blossomsittheand
fruits.been
f*l
fromthanSpainit inoran,.
iSlvf4^'
. y P?nod
ou"dbyNovember,
also
ncar
Killarney
Ireland,
where
hairocks,
probablv
"analice
?
.
the
Pnosts.
It
grow*
there
on
limestone
in
greater
nnrt .. V cx,racted
. Wlthfromm the
of Italy : in both countries the fruit is eaten ; and in
* "vaboihuni
La B**!rt>
t- w00ds
fntnem,cspeciallv
ih^fuij'''
itnrrt^*f^f.
Ger.,
and
/i d'orxo,
Ital., istheabundant
manyparts
the
5
same,taste,
and leavine
the 1
re8'"lls-'" ""licine.
It dyes an ash
color;
tans leather;
berries
inhave
food
grouseofbitter
and
""Ml
The
fresh
leaves
are
inodorous,
and
a
slightly
odour similar to th.t\t sensatlon in the mouth. When properly dried and powdered, they acquire
"V^Ki (n,w,7"' ; but the taste remains the same, the degree of bitterness only being
K
alpina thrive hit u ^f",d"1tho*e
Rhododendron
are
lit plantsseeds,
for orrock
^Miueand
moistof and
shaded.
AllandthebyAndromeda,
species
be very
increasedby
by
ftctlva inarchiuvonT,
hj Kb*,
hcV the.'ll""f
kinds
roottimes
readily
layers. may
fh',mto
notice
in
modern
as
an
efficient
remedy
in
nephritic
and
practitioners have doubted its powers, but it has found many supporters of even
respee-in
362
1020. CLEThh A. W.
5971 alnifolia Ph.
5972 tomentsa Ph.
5973 scbra Ph.
Clethaa.
Alder-leaved
Ericeae.
CLAss X
St. 6-8.
or 4
or 4
or 4
5974 paniculta W.
*
or 4
5975 acuminta Ph.
* ... or 4
5976 arbrea W.
tree
* L or 8
B minor
dwarf
* L or 2
1021. MYLOCA'RYUM. W.en. Buckwheat-TREE.
5977 ligustrinum Ph.
Privet-like
* - or 8
1022. PYROL.A. py.
5978 rotundiflia W.
5079 media E. B.
5080 minor J.W.
5981 secunda W.
5982 rsea E. B.
5983 unifiora Jy.
woolly-leaved
rough-leaved
panicled
acute-leaved
sh
sh
sh
WiNTER-GREEN.
round-leaved
intermediate
lesser
if
serrated
y:
rose-colored
to
single-flowered to
1023. CHIMA/PHILA. Ph. Chimaphila.
508.4 maculata Ph.
spotted-leaved r
5985 corymbsa Ph.
corymb-flower. to
Pyrola umbellta B. M.
au.o
W" N. Amer. 1731. L. s.p
au.o W. N. Amer. 1731. L. s.p
auo W
Georgia 1806 L sp
au.o W.
N. Amer. 1770 L sp
au.o
W
Carolina 1806. L. s.p
au.o
W
Madeira 1784. C. p.1
au.o
W
Madeira ... C. p.l
Ericeae. Sp. 1.
myjn W.
Georgia
...
L. p.1
Ericeae. Sp. 6-10.
A cu
a jn.jl
W.
Britain woods. C s-p
A cu
jn.jl
W
England woods. C s-p
A cu
jn.jl
R
Britain moi, w, C sp
A cu
jn.jl
W
Britain moi. w. C s-p
a cu
1.jlau
Pk
England woods. C s-p
a cu
jn.jl
W
Britain al. wo. C s.p
Ericeae. Sp. 2.
a pr. ; jn
W.
N. Amer. 1752. Sksp
Apr
jn
Pk
N. Amer. 1752. Sks.p
1024. INOCAR'PU.S. Jy. Otaherte-ChestNurt.

5986 edulis JW.
eatable
* D fr
1025. STY/RAX. IV.
Storax.
5087 officinle ly
officinal
*
or
5988 grandifolium W.
5989 pulverulntum Ph.
5990 laevigatum W.
S. glabrum Cav.
f1026. JUSSIAE A. W.
5991 grandiflra W.
great-leaved
powdery
smooth
sk
*
Sk
12
or 6
or 4
or 4
Jussi E.A.
great- owered & LA or

tall
* [A] or
5993 octovlvis P. S.
spear-leaved
as [O] or
5994 erecta Jy.
upright
* [O] or
5995 scbra W. en.
rough
* [A] or
1027. GETONIA. Rorb.
GetoNiA.
5.992 suffruticsa Jy.
5996 floribunda Rorb
many-flowered A. D. or
Sapotear. Sp. 1.
...
W
South S.Is.1793.
Ebenaceae. Sp. 4-6.
ji
W
Italy
1507.
jl
W.
N. Amer. 1765.
jn.jl
W.
N. Amer. 1794.
jLau W
N. Amer. 1755.
Onagrariae. Sp. 534.

1: jl.o
Y
''
14 au.s
Y
India
2 jls
Y
S. Amer.
3 jls
Y
S. Amer.
4 jls
Y
S. Amer.
Combretaceae. Sp. 12.
...
Ap
1812.
1808.
...
1739.
1816.
Lam ill. t. 369

Dend brit. 39
Bot. cab. 1427
Bot mag. 1057
Bot mag. 1625

Eng. bot. 213
Eng bot. 1945
Eng. bot. 158
Eng. bot 517
Eng bot. 2543
Eng. bot. 146
Bot mag. 897
Bot. mag. 778
C lip Lam, ill. t. SR

L. s.l.
L. s.l
Bot.
tS1
Dend brit 129
L. s.1
L. s.l
Dend brit 41
Dend brit. K)
C
C.
C.
C.
C
sp
s.p Bot rep. 621
s.p
s.p PL ic. t. 175 f2
sp
E. Indies 1815. C lp Rox cor. t. 87

tability in North America. The late professor Barton found the plant of much service in his own case of
nephritic paroxysms alternating with gout in the feet. It has also been recommended as a remedy in pulmonary
complaints... (See Bigelow's Med. Botany.)
1020. Clethra. K.9ex was the name given by the Greeks to the Alder, to which, in its leaves, this bears
resemblance.
adeira.
Pretty upright North American plants, with white flowers. One species is a native of
1021. Mylocaryum. From uwan, a mill, and x

easily likened to the four sails of a small mill. A
, a kernel or stone; the four wings of the nut may be

American plant, with the habit of Andromeda, or
rather of Clethra.
1022. Pyrola. A diminution of Pyrus, to which, in the leaves, this is thought to be similar. A genus of
elegant little plants, mostly evergreens. They grow naturally in the shade, and in rocky or very poor soils; in
the garden on sand or gravel shaded; and they are increased by seeds or young cuttings, planted under a hand
glass. All the species are powerfully astringent, and tonic, and one or more of the American sorts is said to
constitute the chief ingredient in the scorbutic draughts of Whitlaw.
P. uniflora, Sir J. E. Smith says is one of the most curious and elegant of British flowers.
1023. Chimaphila. From x*x, winter, and taxsa, to love; a sort of translation of the English name
winter-green. The species may be treated as Pyrola, which they much resemble.
1024. Inocarpus. From is vot, fibre, and *ror, fruit. The envelope of the nut is composed of tough
interwoven fibres. It is a lofty tree, with alternate subcordate leaves, and flowers in racemes succeeded by
by nuts called Ratta in Otaheite. The kernel of these, which is kidney-shaped, and about an inch in
diameter, is eaten roasted by the inhabitants of the Society and Friendly Isles, the New Hebrides, New
Guinea, the Molucca isles, &c.
It is sweetish, but less pleasant than the chesnut, harder and less farinaceous.
The bark"'
is astringent,
and is used in the dysentery. In New Guinea they smear the heads of their arrows
resinous juice. (Forst. #
with the
1025. Styrax. A name altered by the Latins from the Arabic assthirak. Pliny says, that the Arabs in his
time used the resin to flavor the perfumes of which they are so fond. S. officinale is a low tree with slender
branches, ovate leaves, flowers in racemes from the sides of the branches, succeeded by ovate globular juice
less drupes, containing one or two angular nuts. From this tree storax is obtained in Asiatic Turkey. 1:
issues from incisions made in the bark; and as it was formerly the custom to collect and export it in reeds, it
was named Styrax calamita. It has a fragrant odour, and a pleasant subacidulous, slightly pungent, and
ORDER I.
363
5971 Leaves obovate serrate beneath pubescent, Raceme simple bracted

5972 Leaves cuneate obovate acute upwards finely serrated beneath white with down
5973 Leaves broad cuneate obovate acute coarsely serrated rough on each side
5974 Leaves lanceolate obovate serrated smooth, Panicle narrow bracted
5975 Leaves oval acuminate smooth on each side glaucous beneath, Racemes white with down
5976 Leaves oblong acuminate serrated smooth, Racemes panicled, Peduncles hairy
5977 Leaves cuneate lanceolate acute, Racemes spiked terminal

5978 Stamens ascending, Style declinate, Raceme many-flowered
5979 Stamens straight, Style declinate long, Peduncle twisted, Raceme many-flowered
5980 Stamens and styles straight, Flowers racemose spreading
5981 Raceme 1-sided
5982 Stamens and styles straight, Flowers racemose closed, Petals rounded obtuse, Peduncle straight
5983 Peduncle 1-flowered
5984 Peduncles 2-flowered

5985 Peduncles umbelled

5987 Leaves ovate beneath villous, Racemes simple shorter than the leaf
5988 Leaves obovate villous beneath, Lower peduncles axillary solitary 1-flowered
5989 Leaves subsessile oval or obovate beneath powdery, Fl. axill. and term. in threes on short stalks
5990 Leaves oblong smooth on each side, Peduncles axillary 1-flowered solitary or twin
5991 Root creeping, Stems erect with peduncles and calyxes villous, Lower leaves spatulate upper lanceolate
5992 Erect villous, Flowers tetrapetalous octandrous stalked
599.3 Erect, Flowers tetrapetalous octandrous stalked, Caps many-valved, Leaves lanceolate
5994 Erect smooth, Flowers tetrapetalous octandrous sessile
5995 Flowers tetrapetalous octandrous, Stem erect angul. hairy, Leaves oblong hairy
5996 Leaves opposite ovate, Flowers panicled, Bractes lanceolate
47.
# 5984
!,
4:
and Miscellaneous
5996
Particular.
aromatic taste; is stimulant, and in some degree expectorant. It was formerly much prescribed in asthma,
catarrh, phthisis, and menstrual obstructions; but it is now scarcely ever employed, except as an adjunct on
account of its fragrance.
Benzoin is obtained from the S. Benzoin, by wounding the bark near the origin of the lower branches. The
tree is never wounded under six years of age; and cannot sustain these annual incisions above twelve years.
(Thomson's London Dispensatory, 525.)
As shrubs this genus affords some plants that may be considered pretty and desirable, on account of their
small size and free flowering. They grow best in sandy loam, are commonly propagated by layers, and may
also be increased by seeds, which they occasionally ripen.
1026. Jussiaea. An obscure and most uninteresting genus of plants, selected, not very happily, to com
memorate the family of the Jussieus, which has for more than a century and a half been at the head of
botanical science. Antoine de Jussieu, born in 1686, and died in 1758, was professor of botany at the Jardin
du Roi, and member of the academy of sciences. He published various papers upon exotic, plants, and a
discourse upon the progress of botany.
He also edited the works of Barrelier.
Bernard de Jussieu, his
brother, born in 1698, died in 1777, was professor at the same garden, and member of the same academy. He
also was author of various papers upon plants, a second edition of Tournefort's History of the Plants growing
near Paris, and an arrangement of the plants growing in the garden of Trianon, which was published by his
nephew. Joseph de Jussieu, a third brother, born in 1704, and died 1779. He was sent to South America by
Louis XV., and remained there for six and thirty years. He made many discoveries, and brought home many
new plants. Lastly, Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, their nephew, born in 1748, and still living, as demonstrator
of botany at the Jardin du Roi, member of the Institute and of every learned body in Europe. He brought,
in his Genera Plantarum, published in 1789, to a degree of extraordinary perfection, that system, the outlines of
which had been traced by the hand of Tournefort, and partially filled up by his uncle Bernard. That systerc
has now superseded, among men of science, all others, and if as yet inapplicable to merely popular purposes,
can never be dispensed with in all philosophical investigations.
1027. Getonia. A Malabar plant, the meaning of whose name has not been explaincd. Cuttings root
frcely in sand, under a hand-glass, and plunged in heat.
Class X.
DECAND1UA MONOGYNIA.
34
Combretace.
1* 1815. 1.P Bol mag 2033
1(SS.
QUISQUA'LIS.
QuisoUALIS. L or SOmy.au
. E.SpIndies
5997
ndica W. Bunn.W. pubescent
Indian
5998 pubscens
i. CD or 20 ... . E. Indies 1815. L> Bur. ni Lt!
23196.
T*I029. MELAS'TOMA. W. rough
Melastosia. CD or 6 Melastomace.
Bur. seyLLT -
F.W.Sp.
Indies
au.n
5999
spera
W.IF.
Indies 1815.
1815
88 jl.o
velvetty.lcaved
CD
or
6000
velutina
1793.
threc-ni'rved
** CD
oror jl
56001
trinrvia IK
W.
1815.
Ceylon 1815.
ocLandrouB
6002octndra
Jamaica
tetrandrous
CD
CD
oror 3 s.d
13H tetrndra
W.
- tp
1740.
Jamaica
Plu.ic.
141 f.!ti
hairy
CD
hlrta
W,
1804.
Lp
Jamaica
oval-leaved
*
CD
or
)5
Acinodndron
If.
1792,
Lp
S.Guiana
Amer. 1793. .... Au. gui.l. Lll
cyme-flowered
* CD
or ap.au
6006 cymsa
my.jn
red
461107
riibra
If.W.IF.
Au. guLl.Lll
1804. l.p
Guiana
purple
*
CD oror
5
purprea
S
Amer.
... Is np Bot. mag. 5
large-leaved
CD
r
60O9grssa
IT.
E.
Indies
1793.
Pu Leone 1792. ip BOL mag. SH
bristly
CD
or G2 jn.au
6010
mr.o Pk &Jamaica
601
1 malabathrica
corymbsaH. H.. W.
. corymb-flower.
1793. s.p
ribless
* ICDI oror 4 my.jn Pu
60I2ecosLta
Pu S. Amer. 1815. up Au.guLl.Ll "41
S6013 Tamona . FolhergiU's
FothcrgiU's CD or 20
Faihergitlia
Hort
s-P
Pu
1815
a CD or
OHlbicans
Sun.
svliite-leaved
s.p BOL
reg. 6S3
W.o
&Jamaica
Amer.
1815.
at cu
6
15
lajvigta
W.
smooth
s.p
Plu.icL41tl
Pu
W.
Indies
1793.
CD
or
15
,.16
discolor
W.
two-colored
p.l
BoLcab.707
Nepal
1820.
mm CDI or
au Pu
6017 nepalnsis Lodd. Nepal
reg. 6
Brasil 1819.
1819. p.l
Pu
or 26 ja.d
56018
Don. Commerson's
Brar.il
p.1 Bot.
Botrcg
Sil
Brasil
Pu
** CD
or
10
au,s
56019 heteromlla
granulse Lam.
r
P-!
S0.tm*|^
Mauritius
1817.
Pu
CD
pr
2
s.o
6020
osbeckiodes
Stmt,
osbeckia-iike
China.
1818.
p.l
Bot.
Pk
CD or
6021 sangunea Shits. bloody
1030. PETALO'MA. TV. Petaloma.
Windes c p.i .
6022 myrtilloides Sun. Bilberry-like CD or 10
Br.jam.L2l '*' -,
1031.
ACISANTHE'RA.
J.
AcuuttriiERA.
Jamaica 1804.
6023 quadrata P. S four-sided cu 3
Sp.
17.
Thymela?.
-.
1032.
DA'IS,
IF.
Dais.
ma
R
s.1
Bot. mag. 1
Colinus-lcaved * |_l or 10 jnjl W.o , G. H.

6024 cotiniflia W.
Olive-Bark-Thee.
Santalcea.
Sp.
12.
1033.
BUCI'DA.
W.
Jamaica
ce 25 au.s Y.w Jamaica 1793. Lp Lam.iU.l356
6025 Bceras IF.
Samvoa. CD un 7 Samydex.
Sp.i-XI.
tl034. SAMY'DA IV. glossv
Br.jam.L3
... W.O
Ind.es
6026
nitida
W. W.
pubescent
CDpr
CD un 43 jlmy.au
... W
W.
Indies 1728.
I ,93.
im . Jac amer. 132
6027
pubscens
,
fom-leaved
W
W.
Indies
6028
rosc-colored CDpr 4 jnjl Fir W'. Indies 1793. s.p Bol mag.
6029 serrulta
rsea IL K-W.
DIGYNIA.
D.CG.
9-15 1690. p.l 1370.
HovBN. i _J cu 4 Ebcnaceee.
1035. ROYERA. ihining-lcaved
my.jn W
6030
lcida
IV.W.
1774. pl
C.C. G.G. H.
H.
Jen
(4 jn.jl
W
heart-leaved
J
6031
villsa
1789.
P.1 Com. hr. 1. LS
H.
_|cu
jnjl
W
pale
i)
6032plena
W.
1731.
C.
G.
H.
Myrtle-leaved
603gUbra
If.
1752. LiLp
W.o
C.
G.
H.
ll
leu
4
jLau
pubescent
!
6034
pubescen
W.
.
1752.
S
74 jnjl
jl.au W
6035hinta ', . hainr-leaved
1789.
W .C. G.G.G. H.
H.
Willow-leaved I
6036
angustiflia
W. obovate-leaved
1815 ! VcnLmal.Ll7
H.
6 jnjl W
6037
ambigua
Vent.
1774.
p.1
W C. O. H.
oval-leaved
6038 polyndra W.
6020
L5997 6010
History, Use, Propaatitm, Culture,

w g trce of
1112. Ctuisqualu.
expressive ofIt uncertainty.
It wasgenus
givenor bycas)"jf"'
i'"1
Amboyna,
because itAwasLatin
subjecword,
t to variation.
is a fine climbing
. The best
^ (W
for the species is a mixture of loam and peat and cuttings root freely in sand, unacr au
OsU.
. and
btm
1029.lOO.)Metaslama. From
au)^(,
black,theandmouth
s-w, mouth.This Many
of numerous
the speciesgenus
P'""hrub,
similar
whichunitystain
a very
rcquire lo
M
trees ; theto (woscberrics,
Bpecie, displayandgreat
of character, black.
and may be isconsidered
ornamental.
e
inserted
0
,^
l1
winter,
and
are
easilv
increased
in
sand,
plunged
in
a
moist
heat.
J?;%""ma- sta, a petal, and
ail edga Flowers of which the petals a
lim JcisonJaero.
j
A From!
,m"n Pbuit, awith
Uietheleaves,
but being
not"flowers,
not flowers,
Melastoma
point,tlie
anthers
pointed.of Melastoma.
Plants with uie naon , Meiagtoroa.
1031.
1 bill
OlDU I.
365
5K8
Leaves
ovatelane
entiresessile
3-ncrved
Fl. terminal
6CU)
Leave S-nerved
S-nenrd without
entire
oraterough,
acute
villous
silky. eubcorymbose
Racemes
brachiate.
Stems square
(DDI
Leaves
a marginal
one entire
smooth
each hispid
side
thin.
Racemes
term. Fis. sessile
Leaves
entire
3-nerved
ovate-lane
smooth.
Margin
andonnerves
beneath,
Fl. terminal
eOtri
Leaves
entire
inerved
oblong
(marginale
at
base.
Raceme
erect
term.
FL
*
Leaves
toothletted
5-nerved
ovate-lanceolate.
Stem
hispid
fl05 Leaves ovate acuminate toothlutted S-nerved, Cymes axillary
rusty with down. Cymes
axillary andBrauchet
lateral solitary
Flowersterminal,
subcordate
acuminate scabrous,
5-nerved pilose
somewhat
toothletted,
bifid, sessile
Panic, term.
fittS
Leaves
entire
5-nerved
Cor.
little
hairy outside
WIO
Leaves
entire5-nerved
lanceolate
ovate
rough
m'l
i^
"-nCTired
ovate
lubcontate
acuminate
ciliated
with
teeth.
Corymb
terminal,
Flowers
I-sidcd
9112 Leave*
inencd obi
without
rit acute
ovjtc-lanceol.
acuminate
Corymbs term,
trichotomous
WIS
Leavesfamsj
lanceoL
entire hoary
beneath,toothletted,
Pedunc umbelled,
Bractes
double powdery
60H Lcsvei 5-nerred entire ovate acute smooth above beneath hoary, Flowers clustered sessile
oils
i 5-nmed
,ireil,crvw*
ovate-oblong
smoothish
acuminatebeneath
smoothyellowish.
at edge Racemes cymose
ESS Learn
entire
oblongobtuse
acuminate
jh
Unreolatenearly
ciliated
3-ncrved
atwoolly.
base,smooth
Stems
square.
Flowers
terminal
.'*
cordateoval
entire
stalked
beneath
Petals
ooeordate.
Petalspointed,
bowedFilam.
atsolitary
basewoolly above
Knuirhes winged. Leaves oval-lanceoL with a long peint. Petals obovate
Hg
if31'"
oblong
elliptical
3-nerved
ciliated,
Calyx
setose
at
end
buraeai 12, Leaves ovate-lanceolate 5-nerved, Stems and globose ovaries very hispid
m Peduncles solitary 1-flowcred
OS* Leava obovate ohtuse, Flowere 5-cIcit decandrous
m ^ e'<eatd, Leaves wedge-shaped smooth
SiI^"'1*'
& nZ2 ^*na**L*
Leavescordate
ovatesmooth
downy beneath
S SZ **> J*!* ovateavesoblong
serrulate
oblongobtuse
serrated pubescent on each ml.!
BIGYNIA.
*'""coblong
roughuh downy beneath
MR
L p-^'t
laoceolate
very
villous
ff*
^Mlate
acute
hftairv
! beneath
837
1- 7~ZT^
loui COMceous,
Wl^clEi
i?"'
FL sulked
polyandrous polygynous
_",1, Flowers
polyandrous
ixilvvnous
polyandrous
l>olygynous
6022
G03U
80S8
and Miscellaneous Parftcuart.
1Mb Tin?vb?^Wn^pi>licatiu,iThe
plant
resembles
in
its
leaves
the
Rhus
cotinus, whence
fVanTn ox.
oT*Th
ES"11of fthe
r,H,tsvwhen
1,btwiripe[n resembles
a warm .
The
!**,From
Jamaica
ine form
IorTa
tncll,efruit
the horn of such an animal.
low
swampy
lands
near
the
t,
^ttbw^L1^
^0
tul
dispLiUon^f
T-1^'^"*1*
thc
"""i
"
U
"-mnrkable
for
its
crooked
^^SdlhtlarkiStin^^
lt. ** ' a 'considerable size, is reckonedslender
an excellent
cuttings
rn
Antll
?*U?mcd
bv
thc
tan"ers.
TlRi?**.
^Zu,ElunBCt,in
''-at,
and covered.
?1
*rc rather
eeenotofdifficult
tl,t! Mich,
genus
may be likened in its leaves.
*.
^ tardv '?fa .growth, but
to rootto which
in sandthisunder
hand-glass.
in
honor
of
Van ofRnyen,
withwhich
his son
It consistsAdrian
of shrubs
little who
beauty,
are iniDavid wer
They are chiefly natives of the Cape of Good E-Ioiw.
Class X.
DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
366
Portulace. Sp. B12.
M
1036.
W. .
6039 TRIANTHEMA.
mongyna IV. Purslane-leav.
iQw 2 il.au G Jamaica 1710. S Plant era M
6040 decndra W.
trailing
-* [2 W i.jliau India I7 S Bur. m. 131.U
Portulacrte.
Sp. 23. at S g*
_ wa
tl037.
SCLERANTHUS.
W. Knawel. w JjLau
Britain
8
6041
ant
w i au. G Britain sa.hca. D Eng. bot M
6042 nnuus
percnnis W.W.
perennial
nTT cPG.a'ma Cco Betreu
Cu.VOXIA.
1038.
CUNC^NIA.
6 cai>naie
W. w. Cape
tl039.
HYDRAN'GEA.
W.
Htdeangea.
6044 arborescens W. shrubby
8S Lau
lau W.
heart-leaded
6045
PA.
W. Carolina
Carolina 1806.
1786. LL p.p.1 DenAbntiJ
white-leaved
6046 cordta
nivea
radiolaPh.W.
43 in.s
W.G Florida
Oak-leaved
6047
a Pk
China 1803.
1788. p.]p.l Botmaft^
Botmag.4JS
6048 querciflia
hortnsis W.W.
10*0.
CHRYSOSPLE'NIUM.
W.
Golden
Saxifrage.
Saxtfragea.
Sp.
,
549altermfolium W. altemate-leav. * \ ap.my Y Britain
w.si.p. u - Eng. bot 54
6050 oppositifum W. opposite-leaved fe cu \ ap.my Y Britain w.sh.p. D .1 Eng. bot. 490
5670. M21. D p.l Bot cab. 747
1041.
SAXI'FRAGA.
W. ligulate
Saxifrage. L_Jor 1 ap.jn V Jn.
Nepal
6051
ligulta
Wall.
D s.1 Bot mag- 196
Siberia
1765.
11 mr.ray
P

thick-leaved
6053
crassiflia
W.
1779. I>D s.1s.1 FL dan. Ml
PW.o Siberia
or 2 rar.my
6053 cordifolia M. . heart-leaved
AL
ofEur.1596.
my.jl
pyramidal
6054
Cotyldon
IV.
ALofEur.
... D- fJ . ph.au*.L S.S1I
W.o
straight-leaved
oror 11 my.jl
0055 recU P. S.
L438
my.jl
W.o
_ALofEar.l73L DD s.1s.1 Jac
large-margined
Hortber.S-t/J
6056
Aizon
P.
&
1
my.jl
W.a
Tyrol
small-margined
or
Bot
mag.
S51
6057
intacta
TV.
en.
D
s.1
jn.jl G.Y
L.Y Switaerl.
or
6058
mutta
W en.W. Saffron-colored
N. Amer. 1779.
17-J2. Di> sis.1 Di.elt.f-3
Pensylvanian
oror 22 my.jn
PLrar.b.l.tl8
6059
pensylvSnica
my.jn
W.o Hungary
1789.
Hawkweed-lvd.]
6060
hieraciflia
W.
1
my.jn
Y.o
N.
Amer.
1812 DI) s.1s.1
jagged-leaved
or
fiOfil
ersa
Ph.
..,,,...
1699.
my.jn W Siberia
dotted-flowered
]f. oror 11 ap.jn
6062 punctata FF.
E"8- bot L
Britain
mount
London-pride
6063
umbrosa
IV.
Ireland ir.mou.
ir.mou. DDD s.s.1s.1 Eng.
my.jn FW
F Ireland
hirsute
or 11 jlLjl
6064
hirsuta
W.
Eng.
bot 23*
ISO
Rrar.h.LLW
kidney-leaved
or
6065
Gum
IV.
i
m
in
W.G
Swtuerl.
1788.
D
s.
wedge-leaved or
6066 leucnthemi/lia
cuneifolia W. PA-Stock-I
Bot
mag. 2
ta W N. Amer. 1812.
D
s.1
or
6067
Bot
mag.
1771. I>D >s.1 Bot cab. 186
2 jn.il
China 1815.
jn-jl W.R
. _1
6068
W
pror iijnjl
609 sarmentosa
cuscutifrmW.
Lodd. Chinese
Dodder-like JU -
1790. D p.1 Bot mag. 1**
W China
N: Am .
my.jl
6070
virgininsis
PA.
Virginian
.
1812. D .1
close-flowered _) or i my.jl W N.
6071 congsta
nivalis Pfa
6041
J//ury,
t/. Propagation,
Culture,growing by tnrccs
^ q[ (he
1036. Trianthema. From rjiif, three,
and etS-ef,
flower ; the flowers
leaves. The species are weeds in their native countries, and of littleheninterest
here.the eowAopei
< oj^j
0f the^flowerIt
in
seed
i luiii Atif,
,
wjtj.aa throughout
Siina)a crop 01
a-xkr.ff,
hard, ana
and
flower ; .^burope and- ,1. h tirûce
ich
S. annuue
is common
appear
very
much
,_indurated.
' From
e nmiddle
of summer,
and sows
its seeds very
abundantly in autumn, wnicii v__ ariging
trom
flowers
about
the
lat
generally
survive
the
winter,
or,
if
destroyed,
are
replaced
by
"
young
plantRthat
thathappen not to vegetate till spring. {Eng. Bat.) The Swedes
repli*--and-*those seeds
Germans rcw% the vapour
arising from a decoction" ofirtsof
it intoEurope
their mouths,
cureattacked
the tooth-ache.
( Withering.)
Un. which
has its toroots
by the insect
Coccus ' "'0,, jjjOdi
never
jg
'I branch
.,and"m'
f,
, "W.
ho deacriued
hi, ownb, numerou,
ganlen in Dulrt
ri,'hoffiSBi,h|It"coltmi'
mVrha"
of UMf ,S
"'lk-" htetree,flower,
conlra,Ie,l
<ien
narS'i,ami
XL."l"'"8 F""1'edcolor:
""""
'he "bit ofa tropical
'Sft.r"11*0'1^ ' Iderj.altnough the Irec ha. not in V
'^SZSaStimiih Wd well SThJT* Tb. common garden .pecie* H. hortend i,
B * CS',:'0
S" >re,v
within the
hmiU ofof~
ft
*l"ch - mon.troua ! inhb0u'.." *ame
mur"
accom.t
theereat
mannerlued
a, theonViburnum
o|>ulul.
Itprofu,ion
has ner
Order It.
DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
367
monogynou*
WW Rower*
Irom
digwioiu
61
Calyi
offruit
ipreadinK
WS Caiyioffruit closed
GM3 The only certain specie*
V, : naked,
Leave*
oblong ovate
acuminate toothed smooth
&H3 Leaves
radiate.
Leave*cordate
6W6
ovate acuminate
toothedtoothed
beneath white with down, Serraturc* mucronate
ftHS Crine*radiate,
Leave* elliptical
oblong (inuate-lobed
Cyme*radiate, Leave*
narrowedat toothed
each end
60Leave*
alternate
() Leave*opposite roundish hairy, Stem* decumbent
I
6051
Leave*orbkulate
or oral stalked
pimpled
ciliatoStem
cordate
round, Sepal*
, 33
WES Leave*
Leavesoval
obsoletely
serrated
stalked,
naked.at base.
PaniclePetals
bearded
cordate
orbicularwithserrated
stalked,
PanicleStem
headed
Leaves
radical
ligulate
cartilaginous
teeth,
panicled
leafy,
CaL
hairy with glands
ij
Radical leaves rosed
straight
glaucous teeth.
supinecrenate,
Panicle
simpleleafy, Cal.
tti
Leavesradical
Ungulate
withcartilag.
Stem
simple
racemose
ftbi Leaves
Radicalrad.
leavesUngulate
aggreg.with
lane.aobov.
with cartilaginous teeth, Stem leafy clammy,smooth
Calyxes glandular
WM
cartilatr.
S Una cordate
SbSffiS
Stem Mtoi P""-lot
and Particular!.
msivefr
in are
thealmost
gardensalways
of China
and; they
Japan,
whenceol ita
Banks. ofcultivated
The flowersthey
barren
are from
naturally
~
certain
circumstances
The this
yelloweMct
loam
Hampstcail
iT"?* I1 Places, and some sorts oculture
peat earth arebecome
found blue.
to produce
; butol the
cause is
SorE/^""?Daalen,
ofused
Antwerp,
Anus
thatapplied
turf-ashes,
and,
stillof Hydrangea,
more effectually,
those"<">
ol the
4ir
S
ES
,
\M
Sencrally
as
fuel
by
him,
to
the
roots
produced
~nd !,w 1 lhc Jou8
>"">Plant,la.)the According
to Busch,
ofalumPelcrsburgli,
" thegrey
hydrangea
will
ustotLTi4/*"*1"
summer
before,
with
water.
Our
colored
earth,be
X s ^"' "rth, has the same eOect, being combined with aluminous salt." Wort. 7Vuiu.vol.lv.
buen. "nunends a bed of peat, and says, the longer it remains there the bluer will be the
^r'??',.,> ,<mer "^. "< not be allowed more than three or four strong shoots from the
* : tori,,,?, """ndance
of pot
SS^^JW^
fO, Strong
aer riurmg
theroom,
earli- and plentv
. ,fy of ..>
tcr -
w1k" " fl,,w'erIt Shoot,
a goodfrom
plantheto
',
they
""^theestremitici
Willi i - of t
i haw tag , ,,,,,;,,, in gdent ^ of ^
Class X.
DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
S63
Eng.
MO
Britain
lp.
D
il
W
i
Jn.Jl
60f72nivS1U W.
cluetored-Alp.
A or i in.jl W Britain 4L riv. D ll Eng. bot
starry
6073
etellarie W.W.
Jac nibot.- 167
t fi
SwitzerL
I75S.
D
.1
W
thrd..moM-Hke f. A oroi 4^ jn-jl
6074bryodes
Bot. cab. 1
SwitierL 1751
DD ilil Jac.aui4.L33U

A oioi A ]1IV
61)75
W. W. gray
1792.
m'yjnit] W
w Austria
6076 Weia
androtcea
Androsace-lvd.
boL9
Britain al.172.
roc. DD llil Eng.
. Pu
oi i I au
1 oppoeitifolia W. opposite-leaved
Jac. aust5.LSl
W Switierl. tubo.
rough
6078fUpera
Eng. boL 1U
D
il
yellow-marsh )f
oio ,J au YY England
6079
HirculusW. W.
Britain al...riv. I)D ile.l Eng. bot
emaller-mount
6080
Aizoidee
Yn Britain
larger-mount f A oioi i1 t jl.au
jl.au
60B1
autumnal.Haw.
Haw.
Austria me
1596.pa. DD ilil Bot
W. Britain
my.jn W
6082 rotundiflia
IV. round-leaved
oi
Eng. mag.
bot 50042*
grain-rooted 1 A 01 11 my
6083fiptena
granulta W.
ap.jl W Scotland sc. alp. DD ilil Eng. bot fi<*
douNc-flowered
f
oi
6084crnua
W.
drooping
A 'oi ii>>jn.jl
Scotland
sc.175
alp. SD ilil Eng. bot 2S75
6085
Alpine-brook
Levant
6086 nvulm
hederceaW.W.Lap. five-fingered
Ivy-leaved Jk)f _QJ
oi01 1 Hmy.jn.
Pyrenees
1815.
IlD ilil Laper.
6087
pentadctyla
A
Lapcy. fl.t
.t
Pyrenees
1770.
6088
oi i aproy
Eng.
bot 279
Scotland
sc.
alp.
D
il
6089 gcraniotdcs
pedatlida L.W.T. Crane'e-bill-lvd.^
my.jn
pedatifid
Bot.
mag.
Spain
1804.
D
s
i
6090
ceratophy"lla
H.
K.
*
mv.jn
ehining-calyxedf
L131
Pyrenees aL1770.
DD ilil Lapey.
6091
ajugiTulta
W.L. T.
11 jn.'jl
Eng. boL 2276
Scotland
roc.
609-.!
platyptala
jn
Siberia
1802. SD ilil Eng. bot 1
6093
eiblrica
W. W.
1 J my.jn
Britain walls.
609*
tridactybte*
ap.my
FL dan. 6
Norway
1752.
DD ilil Jac.
}
ap.my
6095
potrera
ff.
ic 1. 1 81
Pyrenees
1752.
6006
adsciidens
W.
i
my
Germany
...
)
il
0097 Stcmber'g If. en.
11 jnmy
Eng.
bot
Scotland
sc.
alp
II
il
6098 hlrta .
Eng.
bot 2291
455
Wales sc.
wal.alpp. DD llll Eng. bot
6099
palmita
E.h.T.
2277
Scotland
1 iJ my.jn
ap.my
6100
elonglla
Eng
bot
45
Britain
aLroc.
D
ll
jn
6101
hypnoides W.W.
Lapey. .137.
Pyrenees
...
I>
ll
A ap
mv.jn
61(i2 moechta
EngbotS3U
Scotland sc. alp. D ll
6103 j>ygma*'a
Haw.
1 myjn
moschta
E.W.B.
Wales w.1732.
alp. DD lli 1 Eng. bot 794
6104
cepitsa
4
my.jn
Cr
6105
I jl
W Pyrenees
D il Lapey. ft. t
6106 grnlndica
muscoidee T.H. K.
$ my.jn W.T Pyrenees
1(42.
TIAREI/LA,
Saiifragex.
Sp.
310.
Saxifrages
Bot. mag. 1569
6107
A ap.my \Y NN. Amer.
Amer. 1731.
1812. DD ip
ip
RIOS cordif.Mia
Menzisii Ph.
' ap.my
6109 biternta Vent.
my.jn W
W Carolina 1812. D s.p Vent maha. 5*
tlOU
MITEL'LA.
Mitblli. , ASaxifrage*.
S10. . .
M _. ip
ap.my
W Sp.
N.
llOdiphylla
XV. W. two-leaved
heart-leaved
pr | Jjn.au
lf m, W
N.N. .
Amer.
1812.
DI) p.1
p. La-iILt"
Ll f ) ' f
6111
cordifolia
Ph.
Kidney.leaved
W
Amer.
1758.
6112 nda W.
1044.
GYPSOTHILA.
CaryophijJCt
So. 16-311.1729. D p.l Bar. ic 1 119
Gypsophila.
6113
Struthium
!.. W.tlcshy-leaved
jl.au W . Spain
Dpi
*-"6*
6414
fastigiSta
L.
Germany
1759.
one-rowod
DS pi
PI.
rar. lit 41
6115
arenaria
W.tfK. sand
Hungary
1901.
p.l
Mur.co.gtS
6116
viecsa
Murr.
Levant
1773.
clammy
DD p.l,.1 Dill.
Gm.b.4.tW
61611817 altlssima
L.
upright
Siberia
1759.
elL t 27b
perfolita
L.Fitch. perfoliate
Spain
1732.
6119
acutiffilia
W.o.
Siberia 1759.
1820. Dm
acute-leaved
I) pi Jacau.S.tap.1
6190
paniculta
W
Siberia
panicled
D
e.
6121
W
glaucoua
W.pk Caucasus
Crimea 1822.
182J. S Sch.mon.txt
6188 laca
elcgana Jfcft.
Bieb.
elegant
6081
0072
:="Sfl7rs!SsV'oioi
, 1',
Propagation.
5r'My
to.cuivatc,
and
although
naturally
mountaineers,
not /iure,
incapabletoofrearbreathing
moreJJTol |(jr|
in
"'"^ riK ercater Prt k"0'n delicate and
difficult
: they aretheregardiez
h i .* i,d and hui"ld weather during the winter monthi
months. Most of the specie,
species arc
aie perc
t-;v---n
_ mon
^0^..0'
Sranular.P-toa,
roots, flowering einannual.
Of the oflatter
'""^^rtincal
S^.tSaJ1?.
the beginning
the one
.ring.species,
The &pom
of^tito ^
li.iiit.,
oiislituTOiVor
and have givenofriseagreeing
to the with
construction
of many
r'Dit 'The
Zmever .'. [his
'"vcgenus,
the mmendation
one another
pretty^
eil
ted so,tâ?;u.
obvi lhai
*llm
it'jS ,F,C 8enera reTc'obscure,
and the
gradationsWithout
by whichinterfering
they are united
>-|
question,
the
old mode fcondS/'.^.^"1^
of s'enc,!
.?*
w.th^haUuti
considering Saxifrage has been here adhered to'.'as being the most popular the best under
. .
DECANURIA DIGYNIA.
369
<V7
Leave*
obovstecrenate
jubsewlie.
StemPetals
naked,acuminate
hended
5
Leave)
irrate,
Stem
naked
branched,
4 I*atej lane, mucronate with a cartilaginous ciliated edge. Stem naked few-fl CaL oWuse
6075 Lites
linearobtuse
perforated
dotted
recurved, Stem manj-rl.
6T6
Uarei ovate
lane,
hairy.
Stemaggregate
naked
S-flowered
6D77
Leaves
opposite
imbricated:
the
upper
ciliated
9X8 Caulinc
leave* lane
alternate ciliated,
Stemi procumbent
97S
Caulinc leave*
lane, alternate
naked unarmed.
Stem erect
6060(iulinc
leave* linear
lin. muuL
reattered
naked
unarmed.
Stem decumbent
61
Caulinc leave*
alternate
ciliated
: radical
aggregate
6082Cauline
leave*reniform
toothed
(talked.
Stem
panicled
Caulineleave* reniform lobed, Stem branched, Hoot granular
fflfit
Cauline leave*
leave* palmate
aimpleStem
1-. simple
bulbiferoua
> Cauline
palmatelobed,
:stalked,
theStem
upperStem
floralveryovate.
about 2-flowered
86
Caulincleave*
ovate
filiform
weak
6DB
Leave*cuneiftirm
S-partedwith
trifld
linear
segments.
Stem Stem
limpienearly
ascending.
lanceoUte
Hsdical
leave*
reniform
5-lobed
many-cleft,
Cauline
linear,
naked Petals
branched
0*9
Itad
Ivi.
renifurm
pidatifid
"
lobed,
Caul,
palmate
and
lin.
Stem
nearly
naked
branched,
obov.
80 Smooth,
Radical
leave*
3-lobed,Cauline
Lobeslinear
many-cut
: lateral
segment
falcate,
Stem panicled.Pet.Cal.lui.colored
fW4
Radie
leave*
palm.
5-purted,
undivided,
Stem*
ascending
ntmy-fl.
fti Leave*
Leave* hairy
trifidpalm,
or o-firt
bearded,
Runner*
procumbent,
Stem leafy, Petals obovatc rounded
(
reniform
hairy,trifld
Stem
and
flower-stalks
filiform
fflMCauL
leave*
wedge-shaped
alternate,
Stem erectCauline
branched
Leave*
wedge-*haped,
Radie
entire
and
3-toothed,
5-toothed
; upper trifld, Pedunc about 3-.
Leave*palmate
S-parted,
Segment*
ublrifid,
Stem
branched
ascending
KW7 Lcav
1-cavci
cuneiform
palmate
5-fidciliated
longer
than
the
linear
petiole,
Runnersvery
tufted
hairy ;palmate
! or j-parted.
elliptical
Runners ascending.
Petals obovateshort
.^-nerved
SOW Leave* hairy
iwleflLobes
and trifld.
Stemacute.
leafypanicled,
Petals roundish
59
J^"Tei
ciIiW
cunate
trifld
nearly
5-cleft,
Pedunc.
solitary
elongate
1-fL
leave* lin. entireentire

and trifid.
Runners procumbent,
erect nearly
naked Petals length of c*L
fillfi Caulinc
fUdic. leave*
and trifldacute
linear.entire
StemorStem
viscid
Radie
leaves aggregate
aggregate membranous
lin. lanceolate
trifid.nearly
Stemracemose,
nearly naked
about -.
MM Radie, leaves aggr. linear obtuse trifld cut. Stem erect many-fl. Petals twice as long as caL
S5
n
m
imbriccuneate-palmatc
ciliated.
Ptala
round.
Styles
spreading,
Stigmas
flat
woolly
104 Izaveaaggreirate pnti". and trifid olitTiu- **'-
it 2-, Pet aa long as calyx
WriLearei
Scape
racemose
g*;*avM
ovate
cor,
61 Leave* bitemate
~* toothed, Raceme filiform spiked
6107
^te^ .
Ch
6114
4 dencd, U.fkctil e .toe
^^^^^^^^^^
g,,. mM oftlM ^ ^m to ^j.Mr.cU
6123 Stevmi Fisch.
Steven's
6124
s L.
6125 dubia W.
creepin
A
A
A
A
doubtfu
trailing
wall
St A or
6128 Saxifraga L.
small
#A
rigid
2 jLau
* jlis
1 my.s
1 jLs
* in.o
or
or
or
or
6126 prostrta L.
6127 murlis L.
Class X.
DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
870
or
A or
A or
A or
Pink.
t1046. DIANTHUS. W.
proliferous
6135 prlifer L.
small-flowered
61.36 diminutus L.
O pr
O pr
* jl.au
+jn.au
A or
1045. SAPONA/RIA. W. Soapwort.

Connimon
6129 officinlis W.
*
double-flower.
rfoliate
6130 vaccria W.
air
61.31 porrigens W.
leaved
6132 ocymoides W.
small-annual
6133 orientlis W.
yellow
6134 latea W.
W
St
Iberia
Siberia
-
182s
1774
1815.
1759.
Siberia
Germany 1739.
Pk
Pk
Germany 1774.
France
1769.
A or
O or
O or
1 in.au
Pk
*jn.au
England gra-pa.
Pu
Pu
Crimea
1820.
Caucasus 1803.
Sweet-William r A or
broad-leaved if A or
y: A or
Japanese
if A or
headed
6144 capittus Dec.
if A or
capitate
r: A or
6145 polymrphus Bieb. variable
A diutinus Lk.
y: OD or
rusty
6146 ferrugi'neus L.
w: A or
6147 Carthusianrum L. Carthusian
if A or
dark-red
6148 atrorubens All.
* - or
tree
6149 arbreus L.
6150 fruticsus L.
fleshy-leaved n-. I or
6151 suffruticsus W.
*--J or
shrubby
6152 carolininus Walt. Carolina
x -A or
1*jn.jl
11.jl.s
1 jno
1*.jn.o
1, jno
1 jn.o
6140 barbtus L.
6141 latiflius JV.
6142 japnicus Thunb.

6143 cephaltes Ser.
6156 nitidus W. & K.
shining
diffuse
6160 versicolor Fisch,
hairy
rough-leaved
changeable
b161 pratnsis Bieb.

6162 chinnsis L.
meadow
China
6159 gutttus Bieb.
#w: AAA ororor

y:
y:
y:
to
y:
y:
y:
A
A
A
a
A
A
CD
J. vind. 2. t. 109
Bot. mag. 154

Di.elt.157.f304
Smith spic. t. 5
Caryophullear. Sp. 60-113.

k
England graipa.
Pk
S. Europe 1771.
1 jLau
b157 diffusus Sibth.

6158 hirtus Will.
Eng bot. 1060

Mor.ox.5.2.1.27
#"
1 jns
hill
field
Ex-bot. 2. t. 90
Eng bot. 956
* jl
1 jls
rough-stalked
Bot mag. 1281

La. ill. t. 375.f. 1
Levant
1732.
Switzerl. 1804.
O or
Deptford
6138 pseud-armeria Bieb. false Deptford if A or
if A or
two-colored
6139 discolor Sims.
6155 campestris Bieb,

England hed.
2 jl.o
#
2 jl.o
Pk
Germany 1%.
2 jlau
Pk
Levant
1680.
1 jl.au
Pk
France
1768.
* myji R
A or
6137 armria L.
6153 asper W.
6154 collinus W. & K.
Bot mag. 1448
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
*...
-
# jl.s
1: jl.au
1 jls
1* jn.au
Pk
Eng: bot 517

Bot mag. 288
Bot mag. 1162
Bot mag. 207
Sw.fl. gard 2
Thunb. jap.t.23
Germany 1573.
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pu
R
Br
R
Cr
Pk
China
1804.
1823.
Caucasus 1822.
Crimea
1822.
-
Greece
Greece
Siberia
N. Amer.
1820.
1815.
1804.
1811.
1822.
Jn.8
Pk
11 jn.jl
1 jn.s
Pk
* jls
#jls
1 jl.au
1 jl.au
I* jl.au
1 jl.au
1 jls
11 jls
1 jls
1 jl.
0.128
Pk
W
Switzerl.
W.R.
R
R
R
Tauria
Pu
R
R.Y
W.Y
R
Mi.ic. 1. t.81.f.1
Italy
1756.
Germany 1573.
Italy
1802.
Loes, pruss t 7
Jac. ic. 3. t. 457
Bot. cab. 459
Touru. it. 1. t. 9
Par. lond.62
Hungary 1815.
1800.
Bot. mag. 1875
Carpath. 1822.
Cyprus
1820.
France
1821.
Caucasus 1816.
Russia
1823.
Crimea
1820.
China
1713.
6134
rm
Bot. mag. 25.

t;135
6131
Some of the species are fine border plants, but the greater part are of little beauty, and only grown in botanic
gardens.
1045. Saponaria. In allusion, to its mucilaginous sap, which is said to be fit for supplying the place of soap,
sapo S. officinalis plena is considered a border flower, but is inconvenient unless kept in ts, from its spread
ing very much by the roots, which are underground creepers, like those of couch. The leaves form a lather
with soap, and take out spots of grease in the same manner.
to cure the itch and the venereal disease.
The whole plant is bitter, and was formerly used
1046. Dianthus ... Alo, 2,32%, the flower of God, or divine flower; so named on account of its pre-eminent
beauty. Most of the species of this genus are highly valued, not only for the beauty of their flowers, but also
as being evergreens; their foliage during winter bein as abundant and vivid as in summer. The fragrance
of some of the species is peculiarly grateful, and no plant in this res t surpasses the carnation. D. barbatus
is an old inhabitant of the flower garden, and was much esteemed in Gerarde's time for its beauty to drick
up the bosoms of the beautiful, and garlands and crowns for pleasure. The varieties are numerous, but as the
plant has never been treated by florists as a leading flower, they have not been named or improved. A hybrid
variety called the Mule, or Fairchild'* Sweet-William, is supposed to have been produced from seeds of the
ORDER II.
DECANDRIA DiGYNIA.
371
6123 Fl. panic. Stem diffuse, Leaves lin. lanc. grassy carinate caesious
6124 Stems panic. few-fl. Stam. shorter than emarginate petals, Leaves linear smooth
61.25 Petals obovate emarginate campan. Stamens shorter than corolla, Leaves linear somewhat fleshy
6126 Stems panicled, Styles longer than emarginate petals, Leaves lin, lanc. smooth
6127 Stem dichotomous panicled much branched, FL axill. solitary, Leaves lin. flat as long as fl.-stalks
2. Calyzes supported by 2-4 scarious scales.
6128 Stems numerous erect stiff, Fl. panicled terminal, Leaves linear rigid
6129 Flowers fascicled panicled, Cal. rounded villous yellowish, Leaves ovate lanc. acute or not
6130 Fl. panicled, Cal. pyramid. 5-ang. smooth, Bractes membranous acute, Leaves ovate lanc. sessile
6131 Stem erect, Branches divaric, with clammy hairs, Fl. on long stalks axill. Leaves lanc. linear
6132 Stems erect branched, Fl. Panic, and corymbose, Cal. slender glandular purple, Lvs. ovatelanc. 1-nerved
6133 Stem dichotomous, Branches divaricating, Fl. axill. Cal. hispid round, Leaves linear spatulate
6134 Tufted, Stems 2-leaved, Flowers headed with an involucre, Cal. woolly
$ 1. Flowers capitate or corymbose, sessile or stalked.
* Bractes ovate, blunt.
6135 Scales of calyx ovate pointless longer than tube, Leaves serrulate
6136 Like the last, but the flowers nearly solitary
** Bractes lanceolate, acute, Calyres villous.
6137 Flowers
bundled, Scales lanc. subul. as long as tube, Leaves subulate, Calyxes hairy
61.38 Flowers densely bundled, Scales ovate subul. as long as tube, Pet. beard. Lvs. subul. pub. rough upright
6139 Fls. aggreg. Scales long. than cal. striat. rough, Lvs. lin. short. than joints rough, Stem simple rough upw.
*** Bractes ovate or lanceolate, Calyres smooth.
6140 Flowers aggregate fascicled, Scales ovate subulate as long as tube, Leaves lanceolate
6141 Flowers aggregate racemose corymbose, Scales ovate lanceolate finally longer than calyx, Lvs. obl.lanc.
6142 Flowers aggregate fascicled, Scales acute ciliated twice as short as tube, Leaves ovate short
6143 Fls subsess capitate, Scales imbric. mucron. at end spreading a little short... than tube, Lvs. long narrow
6144 Glaucous, Fls. sess capitate, Scales broad ovate with a long awn longer than head, Upper lvs. dilat. at base
6145 Dark green, Flowers sessile capitate, Scales ovate very short pointless, Leaves narrow rough
Flowers panicled fastigiate and solitary stalked
6146 FI. aggregate, Involucres and scales scarious rufous oblong awned a little shorter than cal.
6147 Fl. aggregate sessile and stalked, Scales ovate awned shorter than tube, Leaves linear 3-nerved
6148 Like the last, but flowers aggregate headed sessile 3-8
6149 Flowers aggregate, Claws of petals very long, Scales mucronulate closely imbricated, Leaves subul. fleshy
6150 Flowers aggregate, Claws of pet as long as cal. Scales mucr: closely imbric. very short, Leaves lanc. obt.
6151 Flowers aggregate, Scales ovate subulate thrice as short as tube, Leaves lin. lanc. narrowed at each end
6152 Flowers aggregate on long stalks, Scales twice as short as tube
2. Flowers pantcled or solitary.

* Petals toothed.
6153 Flowers fascicled, Scales ovate lanceolate shorter than tube, Petals acutely toothed, Lvs. lin. lanc. rough
6154 Like the last, but the flowers more numerous, and the leaves linear lanc.
6155 Stem panicled somewhat hairy, Fl. sol. Scales ovate acute twice as short as cal. Leaves subul.
6156 Flowers fascicled twin, Scales awned as long as calyx, Petals crenate, Stem decumbent, Lvs. anc. obt.
6157 Flowers somewhat corymbose, Scales furrowed mucron. twice as short as tube, Stems diffuse smoothish
6158 Flowers nearly sol. Scales 6 ovate mucron. much shorter than cal. Pet crenate, Lvs. subul. rough at edge
6159 Stem panicled smooth, Flowers solitary, Scales ovate awned as long as tube, leaves subulate nerved
6160 Stem many-fl. smooth, Scales cuspid. spreading shorter than tube, Pet downy at orifice, Lvs. lin. roughish
-
6161 Stem panicled, Fl. soi. Scales acuminate appressed, Petals acutely toothed, Leaves subul. lanc.
6162 Stem branched, Fl. sol. Scales linear leafy, Petals toothed, Leaves lin, lanc.
6157
carnation impregnated by a Sweet-William. D.

is considered the source whence have sprung
the numerous varieties of the carnation, and some think those also of the pink. The pink, however, is
more probably derived from some of the smaller growing species, as plumarius, deltoides, armeria, carthu
sianorum, &c.
The carnation is rarely found wild in England, but it may be gathered on the south side of the Swiss
Alps.
It seems to have been unknown to the ancients, at least in its cultivated state, not being mentioned by
Pliny, or sung by any of the Roman poets. It has, however, been cultivated from time immemorial in Europe,
and is in the highest favor for its beauty and rich spicy odour. It is the principal florist's flower of Germany .
and Italy, from which countries the British florists procure their best carnation seed, and also some esteemed
varieties.
The varieties of carnation amounted to nearly 400 named sorts in the beginning of the eighteenth century,
and the number has not since diminished. They are arranged in three classes; flakes, bizarres, and picotees.
Flakes have two colors only, and their stripes large, going quite through the leaves; bizarres, Fr. (odd, irre
gular) are variegated in irregular spots and stripes, and with no less than three colours; picotees, Fr. (piquettee
pricked or spotted) have a white ground, spotted or pounced with scarlet, red, purple, or other colors. of
B b 2
DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
872
6163 montnus Bieb.
6164 caryophyllus L.
A flore plno
fruticsus
two-colored
y:
Clove
y:
Carnation
W.
tree-Carnation re.
wheat-ear
r
3 imbrictus
6165 virgineus Sims.
virgin
D. sylvestris Jacq.
6166 monadlphus
went procumbent
D. procambens Pers.
6167 sylvticus Ho
wood
6168
*
afternoon
y:
narrow-petalled:
pungent
y:
maiden
w:
laucous-leavedr
6169 leptoptalus W.
6170 pngens I.
6171 deltoides L.
6172 glaucus L.
6173 crentus Thunb.
6174 rigidus Bieb.
6175 clavtus Spr.
6176 suavis W.
A or
A or
4.jns
2 jn.au
ZX or
2 jn.au Cr
England
...
C. rim Bot mag 39
or
A or
3 jn.au
11 jn.au
Cr
F
England
England
...
...
C. r.m
C. r.m. Bot. mag. 1662
1 injl
1 jn.jl
W.
Pk
S. Europe 1732. C. s.l. Bot mag. 1740

Levant
...
C. s.l Vent. cels. t. 39
14.jn.s
1 jn.jl
11 ji
1 au.o
Y
W
Pk
Ratisbon 1815. S.
Levant
1804. C.
Caucasus 1814. C.
Spain
1781. C.
Britain graipa. C.
Britain
...
C.
C. G. H. 1817. C
Casp. Sea 1802. C.
;: A or
x A or
A
A
a
A
A
A
or
or
or
or
or
or
' UN or
rigid
y: A or
a jno
clavate
r ZN or
y: A or
1 jno
1 jno
inji
sweet
6178 alpinus L.
6179. Hornemnni Ser.
6180 Sternbrgii Sibth.
6181 petraeus W. & K.
y: A or
alpine
if A or
Hornemann's ic ZX or
Sternberg's
f Z\ or
rock
y: A or
6182 gllicus Pers.
French
6177 caesius Sm.
mountain
6183 albens H. K.
6184 plumrius L.
#
jno
ong-cupped
y: A or
Cape
if u\, or
R
F
CLAss X.
1 au
Caucasus 1803. C. s.l

England walls. C. r.m Eng bot. 214
F.
Pa.pk _ ......
F
R
#
#
1 jn.jl
1* in-jl
R
Pk
; jnau Pu
fau
W.
...
s.l.
C. s.l
... C. s.1
rocks. C s.l Eng bot:
1759. C. s.l. Bot mag. 1205
...
...
C. s.l
C. s.l
Hungary 1804. C. s.l.
S. France ...:
C. G. H.
W.pu Europe
Diel. t.298.f.348
s.l. Bot. reg. 256

s.1
Bot mag. 1204
C all
1787. C p.l
feathered
* Z\ or
6186 caucsicus Sims.

6187 frgrans Bieb.
6188 puncttus Spr.
6189 serotinus W. & K.
garden
Caucasian
fragrant
y: A or
y: A or
to a or
1 jLau
1 jn.s
1 jn
St
Pu
Pu
dotted
Y: A or
1 in
Pali
late-flowering
Pu
Hungary 1804. C. s.1 PL rar.h.2.t.172
sand
my
Pu
Europe
6191 fimbritus Bieb
fringed
a ZN or
y: A or
y: # ,
1.jls
6190 arenrius L.
6185 hortnsis W.
jn.au
Britain
Austria
Italy
p.l
s.l Par. lond. 57
s.l. Bot. mag. 1739
s.l
s.l Eng.: bot: 61
1};"au i
1629. C. s.l
Hungary 1805. C. r.m.

Caucasus 1803. C. s.l. Bot. mag. 795
Austria 1804. C. r.m Bot. mag. 2007
......
iber:
C. r.m. Bot. cab. 896
1815.
C. s.l.
C
D. orientalis Sims.
619.2 plumsus Spr.

feathered
61.93 monspessulnus L. Montpelier
us L.
superb
* A or
6194s
11 jl.s.
y: A or
1 jl.au
y: A or
2 jLs
W.Li M. Bald. ... C. s.l

Montpel. 1764. C. p.1
R
W
Europe
1596. C s.l. Bot mag. 1148
TRIGYNIA.
1047. CUCU'BALUS. L.
CAMpion.
619.5 baccifer H. K.
berry-bearing
6171
Caryophylleae. Sp. 1.
England hed. D co Eng, bot. 1577
Y A w
11 jn.jl
w
61.65
6.177
&
|
61.64
each class there are numerous varieties, arranged under the farther subdivisions of scarlet flake, pink flake,
purple
flake, yellow flake, &c.; scarlet bizarre, crimson bizarre, &c.; and purple picotee, yellow picotee, &c.
Picotees are rather smaller flowers than carnations, and are distinguished by the serrated margins of their
petals; the
colors
are principally yellow and white spotted, and the plants are considered hardier than the
other sorts. Whatever colors the flower may be possessed of they should be perfectly distinct, and disposed in
long regular stripes, broadest at the edge of the lamina, and gradually becoming narrower as they approach
the unguis, or base of the petal, there terminating in a fine point. Each petal should have a due proportion
of white, i.e. one half, or ": so, which should be perfectly clear and free from spots. Bizarres, or such as
contain, two colors upon a white ground, are esteemed rather preferable to flakes, which have but one,
especially when their colors are
remarkably rich, and
very regularly distributed. Scarlet, purple, and pink
are the three colors most predominant in the carnation; the two first are seldom to be met with in the same
flower, but the two last are very frequently.
New varieties are procured from seeds, and thousands of seedlings are annually blown by florists and
amateurs, sometimes without one being found worth keeping. Established or approved varieties are con
tinued by layering and cuttings, or, as they are commonly called, pipings. The soil in which the carnation
thrivesbest is a rich loam rather sandy than otherwise; the climate should be free from extremes of every kind,
for which reason they are commonly grown in pots, and protected by a frame during winter, and covered by
an awning while in bloom. Carnations grow exceedingly well in beds of properly prepared soil, over which
frames are placed in winter, and an awning of canvass or bunting when the plants are in blossom. Those who
are curious in blowing their carnations have a great many nice and curious operations to perform when they
o flower. Such, petals as are plain, or run from the proper colors of the variety, are extracted by a
instrument; the remaining petals are next arranged so as to form a convex imbricated surface;
being
slit down or tied up as may be necessary to aid this end. Then the flowerstalks are neatly
tied to sticks, and the flower supported in a pendant attitude by means of properly formed brass wires.
ORDER II.
DECAN DRIA DIGYN1A, -
37.8
6163 Stem branch, upw, closely dichotom, Fl. sol. Bract. with a spread. leafy point, Lvs. lin. subul, 3-nerv. hai
6164
Stem branched, Fl. sol. Scales very short ovate, Petals very broad beardless, Lvs. lin. sub. channelled
t
-
6165 Stem
branched or simple, Fl. sol. Scales very short 4 ovate, Pet broad beardless toothed
6166 Stem dichotomous panicled many-fl. glaucous, Fl. sol. Scales 4 pungent spreading shorter than tube
6167 F. sol. subcorymb. Scales ov. lanc. short than tube, Lvs. lin, lanc. obsol. 3-nerv. smooth, Pet twice toothed
6168 Fl. sol. Scales ovate acute very short, Petals emarginate or nearly entire
6169 Stem branched, Fl. sol, Scales ovate acute very short awned, Pet lanc. narrow, Leaves subul, roughish
6170 Stem few-fl., Fl. sol. Scales very short mucron, spreading, Tube gibbous, Pet entire, Lvs. caespitose subul.
6171 Stem decumb branched, Fl, sol. Scales ovate lanc. acute twin, Upper leaves narr acute: lower oblong obt.
6172 Like the last, but flowers white, Leaves and stem glaucous
6173 Stem branched, Fl. sol. Scales 6 lanc. appressed, Pet smooth cuneate obovate, Lvs. lin. acum. channelled
6174 Stems tufted few-fl. Fl. sol. Scales ovate acute short, Leaves subul. spreading downy rough
6175 Stem 1-fl. Scales 2 ovate acute short spreading, Cal. contracted in middle, Lvs. lin. chann roughish at edge
6176 Stem 1-fl. Scales 4 acute short, Petals bearded doubly serrated, Leaves lin. spreading
6177 Stems tufted about 1-fl. Scales roundish short, Pet, crenate downy, Leaves bluntish rough at edge
6178 Stem 1-fl. Outer scales as long as tube: inner much shorter, Pet crenate, Leaves obl. obtuse
6179 Pedunc. bifid term. Scales lanc. cusp. erect short than tube, Pet cut, Lvs. in. nerved serrul. rough at edge
6180 Stems about 2-fl. Scales 4 ovate acute twice as short as tube, Petals serrate downy, Leaves linear
6181 Stem about 1-fl. Scales obovate mucronate, Pet beardless many-cut, Leaves subtientire smooth nerved
** Petals fringed.
6182 Stems ascending about 1-fl. Scales short ovate, Pet. toothed many-cut, Leaves lin. ciliated
'6183 Fl. sol. Scales 4 lanc. short, Petals emarginate at the end fringed toothed
6184 Glaucous, Stems 2-3-fl. Teeth blunt, Bractes ovate very short pointed, Leaves lin. rough at edge
6185 Like the last, but the petals bearded at their orifice
6186 Stem pan. few-fl. Fl. sol. Scales ovate acum. Petals equally cut crenate, Leaves glaucous rough at edge
6187 Stems 1-fl. Scales ovate lanceolate acuminate shorter than tube, Pet, beardless, Lvs. subul. rough at edge
6188 Stem branched few-fl. Scales 4 blunt short, Petals beardless dotted, Leaves glaucous linear flaccid
6189 Stems 1-fl. Scales ovate obtuse four times as short as calyxes, Pet. naked, Leaves subul. glauc. ciliated
6190 Stems 1-fl. Scales ovate obtuse, Leaves linear
6.191 Stem half-shrubby branched at base 2-fi. Scales 6 lanc. shorter than cal. Leaves subul. rough
-
6.192 Fl. scattered solitary, Scales lanc. lin, spreading a little shorter than tube, Leaves lin, nerved flaccid
6.193 Stem panicled few-fl. Fl. sol. Scales subul, straight twice as short as tube, Petals digitate, Lvs. lin. serrul.
6194 Stem panic. many-fl. Fl fastigiate, Scales short ov, mucron. Pet beyond the middle pinn, many-cut hairy
[at orifice
TRIGYNIA.
, 6.195 Branches divaricating, Leaves ovate, Cal campanulate, Pet. distant
Behind the petals a circle of card paper is sometimes fixed to keep them in position, and the pot in which the
plant grows is placed on a particular description of by which it is surrounded by water, in order to
prevent the approach of ground insects, and especially of the earwig. These and a number of other opera:
tions will be found described at length in Maddock's Florist's Directory, and in the Encyclopaedia of
Gardening. (Sec. 6406.)
--
The pink, as a florist's flower, is of much less antiquity than the carnation : it is scarcely mentioned by
Serarde,
and Parkinson
has it
given
varieties.
It was
as a border
flower till
within
last
fifty years,
since which
has very
beenfew
greatly
improved
andchiefly
many grown
fine varieties
originated.
Being
onethe
of
the hardiest and least expensive of fine flowers, it is much cultivated by operative mechanics and manufac
turers round large towns, and no where to such an extent as about Paisley, by the muslin weavers there.
The varieties of pink most cultivated are chiefly those called pheasant's eyes, which seem to have sprung
from D. plumarius. Cob pinks are a large sort '' intermediate between pinks and picotee carnations;
red early pinks are smaller plants than cobs, but larger than pheasant's eyes, and seein, to have sprung from
cobs and 5 armerius or deltoides. The Paisley growers reckon above three hundred varieties of the pheasant's
eyes. To garden pinks in general Wildenow gives the appellation of D; horten'.
The propagation and culture of the pink is the same as that of the carnation, excepting that it is less
frequently kept in pots or frames, but planted in beds of fresh loam soil, and the small side shoots reduced in
the autumn in order to throw more'strength into those intended to produce flowers the following season.
Some cover their pink bed with an awning. Not more than eight or ten flowers are ever allowed to expand
on one plant, and these, if they shew a tendency to bursting at the calyx, are to be tied as in carnation
-
culture.
io", cucubalus. A name signifying a bad subject; an evil weed. According to Miller, the berries of this
plant are no less deadly than those of Nightshade.
-
B b 3
Class X.
DECANDRIA TRGYN1A.
Catchflt. 3t A pr > Caryophylfcte
1048.
SLE'SE./,. L.
jn.au lJk Britain7 Saip. D lui Eng. bot JOei
stemless
6196
Jl Pf I jn.au Pu Germany 1823. D Stur. d, t Lt 11
6197 acaulis
pumilio Sturm dwarf
908
DD .1eo Bot
1801
II mv.au W Caucasus
6198 timbrait i Sims. fringed-ower.
Bot mag.
mag.
2255
Caucasus
1818.
54
_ my.au W
torn
6199
lcera Sims.
mag.
D Bou
N.
Amer.
1696.
W
four-leaved
5 A preu 11 jn.au
6200
etellta
H.K.
bot 1ft*1107 fe
Britain scash.
CO fl. D s.l Eng.
my.e
W
6201 inflta 5m.
inflated
Eng.
957
au.s w Britain
A eu
eu 4I jn.au
sea
6202
mbot1SU9S
1731. SS DLeLtSlUW
w Sicily
thick-leaved 5 -AJ
620S maritima
fabria . W..
1713.
Crete
w
22 jn.jl
w
bladder
6204
Bhcn
.
Nepal 1823. D
Jnjl Pu
3( AJ
w fin-jl
6205
Indica lioxb. Horn. simple
Nepal
Pk Dauria 1824.
A eu
6206
18.'3. DS Di.eLt314.t406
jn-jl Pk Siberia
6207 viscaginoidee
prociimbciie Murr. procumbent ^ eu
my-Jo F Portugal 172.
pr 1 jnjl
small-red
6208
rublla
L.W,
1801. SD
eu
6209
aptala
Armenia 1822.
1824. D
&
AA pr
pr
6210 sperguUflia Bich. -1
W
6211
Gypsphila
Di./.
little
...... 1823. S
w 1 in-jl Pu
6212 carnosa Mnch, fleshy
gra so. D Eng. bot &>
Yi'K England
2 jl.au
5l5 AA eu
6213
Volga
.
D
jl.au Pk
\olga
prpr 11 jl.au
6214 Otltee
volgnsisPire.Ulth. Sjwmish
Hungary
1796.
email-flowered
^
6215
parviflra
Pers. effuse
1823. DD H.go.l.p.!Sl!t
1 jl.au Pk Volga
3
A
pr
6216
efisa
O/rA.
Siberia
1773.
ljjn.au Pk
Siberian
^ Q>
eu
6217
eiblrica Pers.
Hungary 1769.
1794. SDD Fl nr. hl. t.Su
R Russia
eu 21 jn.au
6218
*. many-flowered
jn.au
Pk
6219 multifl.'.ra
tatarica Pers.
Hyssop-leaved
^
pr
Africa 1738. il WaK.Jo.tll
gigantic
Ol pr 23 jnjl
6220
I,.
RR Levant 1739. D Tour..% p.
6221 gigantea
viscosa /'-.
clammy
^Qor jl
0-
S.England
Europeian.fi.
11183. SS J.1il g'B
Mor.u.lW
w 1 jn.jl
6223
CG. H. 1775. S p.1
6224 conoidea
undulta L.H. K. conoid
wave-leaved lQJ
cu Ij au
Eng bot 1178
W Britain
6225
nglica
L.
English
* 1 ! Jn.jl
Portugal ean.fL
1732. SS
jn.jl
Pk
6226
lusitnlca
Portugal
Barbary
182!.
S
i
I
my.jn
Pk
6227
tridentata
Des/.
pr
three-toothed
France 1RS3.
SS al Di. el.L310.t399
6228
glica
L. Des/. Freiich
my.in Pk
pr 11 mr.m
1823.
6229
ocymoldes
Pu
Basil-like
pl. r. t
1817.
6230 dsticha
W.
1jS jLau
jn.jl RW S. Europe 1732. SS ilal Sehn
Di.elt309.tSiI
6231
cerastoldes
L. L. two-ranked
Cerastium-lvd. cu
Eng.
86
England
sau.fi.
S
6232
quinquevniera
1
jn.au
Bd
variegated
DLeltSKlft
623.3 nocturna
spiked
2 jn.au Br S.S. Europe
Europe IS.
172a SSD sJ Mag. mo. 171.*
6234
reflxa L.h.
reflexed
^ cu 1 "
1821.
6235
mcroptala
Dec.
emall-petaled
I
Portugal
1823.
S
6236 raicrntha Lk. minute-flower'd
I
Naples
1822.
D Fl. nu. ht 9
6237
hoary
3t un
11* Jn-
Hungary
623e canscens
dichtotna Ten.
Ehr. dichotomous
un
jn jl
... 1791.
1815. SS s.1 Jac. vind.3. 181
6239
nycfantha
W.
various-leaved
eu
l
jn.au
1794.
62+0 bollidiflia
Jacq. Daisy-leaved 1 jn.jl
Barbary
1796. SS sp.l
i Bot mag. 677
6241
vespertina Ret*.
evening
cu 2 jl.au
. G. H. 1774.
6242
crassiflia
L.
thick-leaved
]
OI
cu
1
jl.au
1823.
6243
grcilis Dec.W. slender
Siberia
1817. SSD
s.1
6244
jenisensis
two-colored 1 jl.au
jn.jl
Crete
1804.
6245
cilita
Pourr.
ciliated
eu
I
jn.au
Sicily
1731. 3 s.il Bot mag. 1
6246 pndula L. ,
pendulous
1 myjl
6247
quadridentta
6248pusllla
W. K.Dec
6249
ft my.jl
6250 alpstria
rupetrii Jacq.
L.
ly.jl R SwitterL 1774. D il dan. 4
ll!48 SU
. wit(i
slaver.'as
Ihc'sneAofi'!
after
thc"Godith
si,mu.
"secretion.
" represented
always
neitherforremarkSo
2'\5
usuaU?
&vcd
This asisBehenji.,
a large<*"3
familj
oluM
tm " rpW>.
^
tute
asparais
^
ci'ut)'
or
M
^
".
lh
Cucubalus
may
be
paragu, or green p,,^ the
h^ h >(h of ,,, They ought to be g"' ^
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
ORDER III.
s?5
1. Tw/ted, Stems scarcely any, Calyx sowewhat inflated, Peduncles 1-flowered.

6.196 Smooth, Stems dense, Leaves lin. lanc. Flowers dioecious, Calyx campanulate
6.197 Stems less dense, Leaves lin. spatulate pubescent, Cal. inflated hairy
$ 2. Caulescent, Flowers solitary or panicled, Calyx bladdery inflated.
6198 Pubescent, Leaves large ovate-lanc. Fl. in large panicles, Cal. inflated, Petals fringed
6199 Hispid, Leaves ovate-lanc. on long stalks wavy, Cal. much inflated, Pet lacerated crowned
6200 Stems erect branched pubescent, Leaves 4 whorled lanc. with long points smooth, Fl. pan. Cal. bladdery
6201 Stems branched, Fl. pan. Cal. bladdery ovate, Pet. bifid naked, Styles very long
6202 Like the last, but hairy with ovate lanc. leaves
6203 Like the last, but creeping with smaller nearly spatulate leaves
620.4 Smooth branch. Lvs. lanc.: the lower stalk. F1 pan. Cal. ovate veiny, Pet. with 2 very short lobes crowned
6205 Pubescent, Stems very tall branch. Lvs. largelanc. Fl. pan. Cal. ov. netted, Pet with a claw hairy at base
6:06 Smooth, Stem erect simple rather leafy, Lvs. lin. scarcely ciliat. Fl. in pan. spikes, Claws of pet. not ciliated
6207 Smooth with very leafy branched procumbent stems, Leaves lanc. Fl. axill opp. and terminal, Petals bifid
6:08 Nearly smooth, Stems littlebranched, Leaves obovate serrulate-ciliated, Flpan. Pet obcordate crowned
6209 Hoary, Stem erect branched, Leaves lanc.: the upper linear, Fl. few term. Petals O
6210 Stems procumb. diffuse 2:3-chotomous branched, Lvs. small lin. Petals half-bifid with an obcord. crown
6211 Nearly smooth, Stems wavy branched leafy, Leaves lin. lanceolate, Petals 2-lobed
6212 Smooth, Stem erect, Leaves acute glaucous, Fl. solitary, Pet lanceolate with a 2-lobed crown
6.3. Caulescent, Flowers spiked in whorts.
[Fl. small dioecious
6213 Leaves erect, with a few branches, which are scarcely pubesc, or leafy, Lower lvs. numerous spatul. fleshy,
6214 Stem pubesc, branched, Lower leaves 1
lanc. spatulate: upper lin. long, Fl. panicled with linear

ves spatulate lanc, Cal. spherical 10-striped
6216 Stems erect nearly simple, Lvs. lin. : lower obt. Fl. very numerous and small, Cal. obov. clavate 10-stri
6215 Hoary, Stems assurgent nearly simple,
62.17 Half-shrubby smooth, Stems much branch. Lvs. lin. lanc. shortly ciliat, numerous, Cal. infl. clav. 10-striped
6218 Stem simple, Lvs. lin. lanc.: lower broaderstalk. Cal. clavate cylindr. 10-strip. Pet. 2-part. Stam. very long
6219 Smooth, Stems erect simple very leafy, Lvs.lanc. small, Spike dense, Cal. clavate netted, Stam. very long
6220 Velvety, Radical leaves cochleate smooth, Cal tubular 10-striped, #et. 2-fid, Stamens very long
6221 Pubescent very viscid, Stem simple thick leafy, Leaves large fin. lanc. wavy, Fl. large nodding
4. Caulescent, Calyz conoid, at the bottom retracted, with very long teeth.
6222 Pubescent, Leaves linear soft, Cal. short conical
6223 Stems pubescent, Leaves lanc. lin. nearly smooth, Cal. long conical
6224 Pubescent, Leaves lanceolate wavy: the lower stalked, Fl. large in loose dichotomous panicles
$ 5. Caulescent, Flowers spiked, arillary,
Calyx with 10 stripes.
#".
* Calur cylind
...'
6225 Hairy, Stems branched, Leaves lanc.

ventricose with very long teeth, Petals small crowned
6226 Very hairy, Stems much branched, Lower leaves obovate spat.: upper lanc. obtuse, Petals undivided
6227 Stems branched, Leaves lin, lanc. Spike 1-sided, Cal. cylindrical with 10 ribs, Teeth long, Pet. 3-toothed
6228 Hairy, Stems branched, Lower lvs. spatulate: upper fanc. obtuse, Cal.-teeth short, Pet obov. crowned
6229 Hairy, Stems branched, Leaves spatulate, Spike 1-sided few-fl. Cal. very hairy, Pet obovate crowned
6230 Hairy, Stem much branched, Leaves lanc. cusp. Spikes twin dense, Pet: small bifid.
G231 Stems simple vill. Leaves pub. : lower spatul.; upper lanc. Spike 2-ranked few-fl. Pet, obov. rotuse crowned
6232 Pubesc. Stems branch. Lvs. lanc.: lower obt. Spike 1-sid. Cal. vill with short teeth, Pet roundish crowned
6:3 Stem branch. hairy below, Lvs. pubesc, with a long fringe at base, Cal. cyl. nearly smooth ribbed and netted
6234. Like the last, but flowers few distant, Petals smaller
6235 Hairy,
branched
leafy,
lanc. Flowers
terminal,
Cal. cylindr.
Pet bifid
6236
Hairy, Stem
Fl. sessile
1-sided,
Cal.Leaves
cylindrlin.appressed,
Petals
small deeply
emarginate
** Calyx clavate.
6237 Hoary, Stems prostrate branched, Lvs. obovate spatulate ciliated at base, Fl. 1-sided erect, Pet. bifid
62.38 Stems branch. pubesc. Lvs. scabrous cil. at base: lower spatul.; upper lanc. Fl. sess. nodding, Pet. 2-parted
6239 Pubescent, Lvs. somewhat fleshy: lower spatulate; upper lanceolate, Cal. long clavate, Petals 2-fid
6240 Hairy, Stem erect slender branched, Lvs. lanc. Spikes twin 2-sided, Cal. cylindr. clavate, Pet: bifid
6241 Pubesc, Stems branch. Lvs. spatul. obt. Spikes twin 1-sided, Cal bladdery, Pet. 2-parted with ov. lobes
6242 Velvety, Stem procum. branch. leafy, Lvs. ov. spatul. fleshy, Bract. ve small, Pet. with long claws emarg.
6243 Smth. Stem erect slend branch. Lvs. lin. scarcely ciliat.: low. ov. Fl. on long stks. Pet. 2-part. with lin. lobes
6244 Smooth, Stems usually simple, Lvs. somewhat fleshy lin. lanc. Cal. ov. ventric. Pet: bifid with 4-lob. append.
6245 Pubesc. Stems numerous prostrate very leafy at base, Lvs. lin. setaceous ciliated, Recesses of calyx deflexed
6246 Pubescent branched supine, Leaves ovate lanc. Fl. axillary pendulous, Petals bifid crowned
$6. Caulescent, Stems upright,
Calyx campanulate or cylindrical.
6247 Tufted, Stems erect slender branched, Lvs. small linear very narrow, Fl. small, Petals short 4-toothed
6248 Like the last, but the radical leaves broader, Peduncles long upright
6249 Root branched, Stems simple leafy, Lvs. lanc. lin. obt, Fl. large panicled, Petals broad 4-cleft, Seed ciliated
6250 Smooth, Stems erect branched, Leaves ovate lanc. Fl. panicled very small, Petals obcordate
6246
6230?
when about two inches long, and the more they are blanched the better. Bryant (Flora Dietetica), says, its
culture would well reward the gardener's trouble. S. viscosa is a popular border flower, especially the double
variety.
": inuevulner-
se:
was formerly in culture as a border flower, but is now seldom used for that
B b 4
purpose:
376
DECANDRIA TRIGYNHA.
6251 inaprta L.
6.252 clandestina Jacq.
unopen-flower.
6.253 antirrhina L.
Snap-dragon
O
O
O
twin-flowered
O
6.254 geminiflra W.
3. A
6255 flavscens W. & K. yellowish
Flax-leaved
O
62.56 linifolia Jy.
Cretan
O
6257 crtica L.
Sedum-like
O
6258 sedoides Jacq.
6259 saxifraga L.
Saxifrage
A
rock
A
626.0 petraea W. & K.
Bell-flowered
A
6261 campnula Pers.
6262 longiptala Vent.

6263 ntitans L.
6264 saxatilis Sims.
6267 livida JW.
6266 tenuis W.
6267 viridiflra L.
6268 chlorantha W.
6260 cathlica Otth.
6270 elegans Brot.

6271 rpens Dec.
6272 virginica L.
6.73 stricta L.
6274 muscipula L.
6275 noctiflra L.
6276 ornta H. K.
6277 aegyptiaca L.
6278 sericea All.
6279 picta Pers.

6280 portensis Bon.
hidden-flower.
1 jn.au
2 jn.jl
+jn.H
1 Jn.jl
livid
slender
Y A pr *jl
green-flowered Y OD cu 2 jn.jl
pale-flowered St A cu 11 jm.au
long-petaled
Nottingham
O pr
A w
A cu
A pr
stone
panicled
St A cu
elegant
O pr
creeping
A pr
Virginian
A or
upright
O pr
Spanish
O or
night-flowering
O cu
dark-colored
Y (O) cu
Egyptian
O cu
silky
O cu
painted
O pr
Oporto
O cu
netted
O
6281 reticulta Desf.
A
6282 pennsylvnica Mich. Pennsylvanian
6283 vallsia L.
Woolly-leaved
A
6284 fruticsa L.
shrubby
-*
Caspian
A
6285 cas' pica Pers.
6286 amoe'na L.
Tartarian
6287 supina Bieb.

6288 paradxa L.
trailing
6.289 chloraeflia Sm.

6290 itlica Dec.
un 2 jn.jl
un 1 jn.jl
un 1 jn.jl
cu 1 jn.jl
pr 1 jnji
pr 1 jl.au
pr
*my.au
pr * Il
cu
* jn.au
pr 4 in.au
pr
i.jn.au
A
A
A
A
Dover
Armenian
Italian
velvet
6297 rgia Sims.

6298 ascendens Lag.
splendid
ascending
6299 caespitsa Stev.
tufted
6300 atcion Murr.

orchida L. f.
6301 armria L.
B alba
6302 compcta Fisch.
pr
pr
pr
pr
cu
cu
O) cu
6291 ptula Desf.

spreading
6292 polyphylla L.
many-leaved
6293 memorlis W. & K. rove
6294 longiflra Ehr.
ong-flowered
spear-leaved
6295 bupleuroides L.
6296 mollissima Pers.
cu
or
cu
A pr
A pr
O) pr
A or
O) cu
A cu
A or
Br
R
R
Pu
Y
G.Y.
G.w
G.w
G
W
G.w
G.w
Pu
11 jl.au
2 ji
1 mys
1 jl.au
1* in au
1 jm.au
1 jl.au
13 myjn
1 my.jn
1 jn.jl
1 jn.jl
14
1816.
S co
Hungary 1804. D pl Plrar. h. 2..t-15

-
Candia
Crete
1817. S. s.1
1732. S. s.l
1804. S co
1640. D. s.l
Siberia
Carniola
Baical
1800.
1816.
D. s.l
D. s.l
1816 D p.l
Spain
1739. S. p-l
G.w Germany 1732. D. s.l
1, injl
aus
S. s.1
G.w Barbary 1822. S co

Britain cal. ro. D co
W
G.w
W
Pk
Di.e. t.315 fixn

C. G. H. 1801. S co Jac. col. s.t. 3 f:
N. Amer. 1732. S. p.1 Di.e. t.313 fift
......
1732.
France
F
Hungary 1822. D co
W
G.w Piedmont 1823. D co
1* jls
14.jls
1 jls
1 my...au
1 jlau
1 jn.jl
jnau
1: jn.jl
jn.jl
1 jl
*jn.au
1 jl
CLAss X.
Madeira
Pu
Pk
Italy
1711. D co
Portugal 1819. S co
Siberia
1822.
Herm par. Ise

Di.elt 316 f*
Jac. vind Lt. 39
san.fi. S. s.l
Pl alm.t-203 fi
Eng bot: 291

Bot. mag. 382
Pu
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
C. G. H. 1775. S pil
Egypt
1800. S. s.1
S. Europe 1801. S. s."
Pk
R
Barbary 1804. S p.1 Desf, atl. 1. t-ge

N. Amer. 1806. D. p.l Bot reg: 247
F
Pk
Pk
Caucasus 1823.
Switzerl.
1765.
Sicily
1629. C. p.l
Tartary
Pk
Caucasus 1804.
Pk
L.Y
Europe
Armenia
Italy
Barbary
Germany
Hungary
Hungary
W
Pk
R
D. s.l
1779. D. p.l
D. s.l
Jac, wind. S. t.84
1759. S co
Jac.obs. 4. t. 79
1739.
D co
Bot mag. 1997
...
D. p.l
1796 D pl
# '' Persia
#" Italy
Boc, mus. t. 54
Com. hort t 33
ID co
D
D
S
D
C
All ped t-79 is
1822. S. co
Portugal 1759. S. s.l
1823.
...,
1822.
1793.
1801.
2 in.
1
Vent cels. 8s
Eng.: bot. 465
Bot mag 68S
D co
N. Amer. 1783. D pl
Spain
1802. S co
1596. S pil
#and
De t3.14.f4045
Jac.co. st-14.il
Bot. cab. 454
Bot mag 8.7
co
pl Cl hist. 1. t. 290
co
p.1 Pl rar. h. i. t 8
p.1 Tourn it. t. 154
11 my...au Cr
O cu
!' Pk
N. Amer. 1811. D p.1 Bot mag. 172*

Spain
1822. S co
orchis-flowered
A pr
O pr
*my.au Pk
* my.jl Pk
Caucasus 1824. D co
Levant
1781. S. s.l
Lobel's
O or
11 jl.s
Pk
England cor.fi. S. s.l
Eng. bot. 1398
white-flowered
compact
O or
1: jls
Pk
Caucasus 1823.
S co
Bot cab. 1638
Eng, bot. 92
1049. STELLARIA. W. Stitch-wont.

wood
6303 nmorum W.
6304 latifolia P. S.
broad-leaved
chickweed
6305 mdia E. B.
Alsine mdia W.
St. A w
St. A w
O w
Sp. 18-56.
Caryophylleae. Britain
moi.wo.
1 apjn
14 jn.au
* ja.d
W
W.
Germany 1816. D
England rubb S
Jac. vind. 3. t.3:
Eng. bot. 537
6258 &
".
*
|
k'.
6253

being very low and prolific in flowers, it is well adapted for sowing in pots.
S. Armenia is one of the **ual
border flowers of the seed shops.

1049 Stellaria. The parts of the flower are stellate. The species are grassy-looking plants of the easiest
-
ORDER III.
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
577
6251 Smooth, Stems erect branched, Lvs. lanc. acute: lower obt. Petals not opening obcordate, Stam, usually5
6.252 Pubesc. Stem erect much branched slender, Lower lvs. obl. obt.: upperlanc. narrow, Pet. short erect bifid
6253 Nearly smooth, Stem erect branched somewhat leafy, Leaves lanc. acute ciliated, Fl. small panicled
6254 Pubescent, Stems branched, Lower leavesellipt spatulate: upper lanc. Fl. term. twin, Petals bifid
6255 Pubescent, Stems erect branch. straight, Low. lvs. lanc. spat : # linear, Fl.
panicled, Pet. 2-lobed
6256 Stems branched, Leaves lin. spatulate, Fl. term. Cal. cylindr clavate, Petals 3 fi
6257 Smooth, Stems erect branched, Low. Ivs. ov. stalked obt. : up lin. acute, Fl. loosely panic. Cal ov.clavate
6258 Viscid pubesc, Stems erect much branch. Lvs. fleshy: low, spatul. ; up ov. Fl. small, Pet obcord, crowned
6259 Tufted, Stems assurgent, Lvs. lin. acute, Peduncles very long, Cal. long clavate, Petals 2-parted crowned
6260 Tufted shortly bristly, Stems assurgent, Leaves lin. with bristly teeth, Fl. small, Petals 2-fid crowned
6261 Smth. Stems erector assurg. somew. branch. leafy at base, Lvs. lanc. lin. acute: low. spat. Pet. 2-part. naked
7. Caulescent, Flowers panicled, rarely solitary, Pedicels opposite short, Calyx tubular.
* Flowers nodding, Calgres cylindrical,
[reflexed
6262 Smooth viscid, Stems erect, Lvs. somewhat

lin.-lanc. fringed with finebristles, Pet. very long 2-part.
6263 Pubesc, Stems leafy at base, Radicallvs. spatul.: upper lanc. lin. Pet. 2-parted reflexed with a long crown
6264. Like the last, but smooth, less branched, and less leafy, Leaves linear, Petals often green
6265 Like the last, but stems flexuose broken down, Petals white above beneath livid green
6266 Smooth, Leaves lin, lanc. ciliated at base, Flpan, erect, Cal ventricose cylindr. Petals 2-parted
6267 Hairy soft, Stem branch. leafy, Lvs. large ov. acum. Fl. in large nodding panicles, Pet. with very long claws
6:268 Smooth, Stems erect simple scarcely leafy, Petals 2 parted with filiform lobes
[crowned
** Flowers erect, Calyzes clavate.
6269 Velvety glutinous upwards, Stem erect branched leafy, Fl. small loosely panicled, Stamens very long
6270 Stem short about 2-flowered pubescent, Radic. leaves lanc. lin. acute, Cauline very short, Pet. bifid
6271 Scarcely pubesc. Root long creeping, Stem erect almost simple, Lvs. in. grassy acute, Fl. few erect panic.
6272 Viscid pubesc. Stem procumb assurgent branch. Fl. large panic. Cal. large clavate, Pet; broad bifid crowned
6273 Scarcely pubesc. Stem upright branched, Lvs. lin, lanc. Fl. panicled erect, Cal. netted, Pet, smallemarginate
6274 Smoothish viscid, Stem crect, Alternate branches long, Cal. large clavate netted, Petals bifid
6275 Visc. pubes. Stems erect branch. Lvs. large, Fl. large panic.: every other stripe of calveiny, Teeth very long
6276 Pubes. Stems erect branch. Lvs. lanc. obt. Fl. panic. : every other stripe of calveiny, Pet.with broad toothl.
6277 Subtomentose, Stems branch. Lvs. obov. stalked, Fl. term. erect, Pet. obcord. 3 toothed at base
[lobes
6278 Silky, Stems branched, Lvs. with a long fringe at base, Fl. large term. Pet. 2-parted crowned
6279 Stems much branch. scarcely pubesc. Lower lvs. obov. spatul. Lvs. lin, acute, Cal. clavate striped with red
6280 Tufted smooth subviscid, Stems branched at base, Lvs. lin. Fl. panic. Cal. netted, Pet. bifid with lanc. lobes
*** Flowers erect, Calyzes long clavate.
[at base
6281 Smooth visc. Stems branch. Lvs. lanc. lin. Cal. very long. clav nett. Pet obcord. with a tooth on each side
6282 Viscid pubescent, Stems procumbent, Leaves lin. long, Cal. long tubular, Petals
emarg. crenate
6283 Tufted viscid pubesc. Root woody, Stems low assurgent little branched, Cal. long nett
Petals bifid
6284 Suffruticose, Stems suberect smooth branched at base, Cal. long cylindr. viscid-villous, Petals 2-lobed
6285 Scabrous, Stems bran. Fl. term. in the dichotomies, Cal. long cylin. Pet. 2-part tooth. on each side at base
6286 Pubescent, Root woody, Stems diffuse branched, Leaves soft numerous below, Petals half bifid
6287 Tufted viscid pubescent, Stems woody supine branched, Lvs. lin. acute, Petals with narrow diverging lobes
62.38 Stems erect pub. Lvs. roughish scarcely ciliat. F1 large pan. Pet with broad obov. lobes & 2-part append.
6289 Very smooth glaucous, Stems branched, Leaves roundish acuminate, Fl. large, Cal. not stri
6:90 Pilose pubesc. Stems much branch. Lower lvs. ovate-spatul : up. lin. Fl. in large panic. Pet. 2-lob. naked
6291 Pubesc, visc. Stems erect branch. Branch. spread. Low.lvs. ov. spatul Cal. long narrow, Pet bifid crowned
6292 Pubescent, Stems assurgent much branched leafy, Leaves linear acute, Cal. clavate, Petals bifid
6293 Stem simple pubescent, Leaves pubescent: lower large rounded stalked, Petals 2-parted crowned
6294 Smooth, Stem twiggy, Leaves lin. lanc. radical very long, Cal. very long, Petals 2-parted crowned
6295 Smooth clammy, Stem assurgent branch. Lvs. lin. lanc. acute; lower very long, Upper bractes with a broad
6296 Silky, Stems erect branch. Lvs. wavy, Calyxes long clavate, Pet. 2-part crowned
[membranous margin
6297 Viscid pubescent, Lvs. lanceol. Cal. long tubular, Petals lanceolate crowned, Stamens very long
6298 Villous viscid, Lvs. lin, lanceol. obt. ciliated, Peduncle 1-fl. spreading in seed, Cal. circularly reflexed at base
$ 8. Caulescent, Flowers corymbose, Cal clavate, 10-striped.
6299 Tufted roughish, Root thick woody branch. Stems simple slender very leafy at base, Lvs. small lin. acute
6300 Viscid, Stem much branch. pubesc. Lvs. round subciliated: the lower on long stalks, Fl. loosely corymb.
6301 Very smooth glaucous viscid, Leaves ovate-lanc. Fl in panicled corymbs, Petals obcordate crowned
6302 Smooth, Stems erect branched, Upper leaves lanceolate: lower linear lanc. Umbel dense, Petals obovate
6303 Lower leaves cordate stalked: upper lanc. sessile, Petals twice as long as calyx
6304 Stems diffuse dichotomous rooting at base, Lowerlvs. ovate stalked cord.: upper sess. Pet. shorter than cal.
6305 Stems procumbent with a lateral 1-sided hairy line, Leaves lanc. very tender, Fruit deflexed
culture. S. media is a well known weed, never found but on rich friable soils in a state of culture: the seeds
and flower buds are a favorite food of finches and other small birds.
37.8
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
6306 dichotoma W.
forked
bulbous
6307 bulbsa Wulf.
6308 viscida Birb.

6009 Holstea W.
6310 Laxmnni Fisch.
clammy
6311 graminea W.
6312 glanca H. K.
St
glaucous marsh Sk
S.
*ater
Laxmann's
lesser
631.3 crassiflia Ehr.
6314 uliginsa H. K.
631.5 cerastoides W.
6316 Arenaria W.
thick-leaved
bog
Alpine
sand
6317 scapigera W.
naked-stalked
6318 dah (trica Jy.

6319 murlis Link.
daurian
wall
63.20 longipes Hook.

long-stalked
1050. ARENARIA. W.
SANdwort.
6321 segetlis Lam.
Corn
Alsine segetlis W.
6322 purpurea Pers.
purple
6:323 rubra L.
63.24 marina Roth.
63.25 mdia L.
6326 canadnsis Pers.
red
marine
down
Can
Y.
y:
sy
A w
a w
O w
A w
O w
A w
a w
A w
O w
A w.
O w
A w
CD w
O w
Cow
CLAss X.
11 jaid
W.
Britain cit. gr. S
1 jaid
W.
Carinthia 18
S
1 jaid
W.
Hungary 1820. S.
1 apjn W.
Britain woods. D
1 apjn W
Siberia
1823. S
1 apjn W.
Britain hed.b. D
*my.au W
Britain moim. D.
1 my...au W
Germany ..., D
1 jn.jl
W
Britain rivul. S
* jnji
W
Scotland sc. alp. D
jn
W
Spain
1799. S
+jn.jl
W. Scotland scrivu. D
1 jn.jl
W.
Dahuria 1818. S
*jn.jl
W.
Candia
1824. S
a jn.jl
W.
N. Amer. 1820. S
# jn.o
France 1805. S
Ow
O cu
O cu
St A cu
O w
Ow
+jl
a jnau
jn.jl
jl
Pu
in
1823.
co
co
co
co
co
co
p.1
co
co
co
Wall & Kitts

Eng bot 511
Eng bot. 873
Eng bot. 825
Eng bot. 1074
Eng-bot 911
co
co
co
co
p.l
Eng bot. 1269
co
Vail-par. t.3 f:
S. s.1
Pu
Pu
ritain
Britain
France
san.fi. S. s.l
sea co. D s.l
#jn.jl
W.
N. Amer. 1812. S pl
1795.
# icon-t-46.8
Eng bot. 852

Eng bot 9.8
S co
6327 graminifolia Schr. grass-leaved
Apr 1, jn.jl
W.
Siberia
63.28 longiffilia Bieb.

6329 rigida Bieb.
6330 pinifolia Bieb.
long-leaved
sti
pine-leaved
y: A prTijn.jl
y: A pri jn.jl
y: A cu
i jLau
W.
W.
W
Siberia
1823. D co G
Siberia
1823. D co
Caucasus 1823. D sp "
6331 subulta Ser.
subulate
y: A pr? jl.au
Caucasus 1822. D s-p
6332 juniperina L.
Juniper-leaved to Apr
1.jn.jl
W.
upright
y: A pri myjn W.
Larch-leaved to a pri au
W
6333 stricta Mich.

6334 lariciflia L.
rostrta W. & K.
6335 strita Vill.
Y: A pri.jn.au
striated
Austrian
6336 Austriaca Jacq.
6344 mediterrnea Lk.
y: A
three-flowered y: A
great-flowered y. A
vernal
y: A
Gerard's
y: A
rock
y: A
pendulous
y: A
fine-leaved
O
Mediterranean
O
6345 recurva All.

6346 setcea Thuill.
setaceous
63.37 triflra L.
$63.8 grandiflra L.
6339 vrna L.
6,340 Gerardi J.V.
6341 saxtilis L.
6342 pndula W. & K.

6343 tenuifolia L.
pr. 1 jn.s
pri ap.jl
prlt jn.s
w * my...au
pr. ; my..au
pr: jl.au
prijn.jl
pri jn.jl
cu
jn.jl
A pri jn.jl
A w
jn.jl
recurved
6347 fasciculta Gouan. level-topped
O w
thread-leaved N. A cu
bristly
St CD pr
* jn
1815. D co
h.
t. 5
sit-63 ff.
Armenia 1800. D sip Sm. ined 1. t.35

N. Amer. 1812. D sp
Britain
... D. s.p Jac. aus.3 t-27s
W.
Switzerl. 1683. D sp All pe.2.t:25ft
W
W.
W
W
W
W.
W.
W.
Austria 1793. D
S. Europe 1816. D
Switzerl. 1783. D
Britain mount. D
France
1822. D
Germany 1732. D
Hungary 1816. D
England san-fi. S.
W.
W.
W
Mediterr. 1823. S co
Alps
1822. D co Jac. col. t. 16
France
...
S co
Scotland sc. mo. S sp Eng. bot. 1744
s-p
sip
s-p
sp
sp
sp
co
co
Jac. aus St. 270

C. ic. 3. t. 249 t?
All ped. 10 f. 1
Eng.: bot 512
Gm.si. 4 tiss-fe
Pl. rar. h. 2. t. 87
Eng bot 219
! Jnjn.jl
W.
Arabia
W.
6350 polygonoides.Jacq, knotgrass-like Y. A cu + jLau
Switzerl. 1822. S. co Al ped t-64 f4
6351 verticillta JV.
Armenia 1823. C sp
Pyrenees
Switzerl.
France
France
Britain
6348 filifolia Forsk.

6349 mucronta Dec.
Alsine mucronta W.
-* prijl
whorled
.... D sip Vah sym.1 tile

Hall hist. 1. t17
1.
6352 tetrquetra L.
square
lanceolate
6353 lanceolta. All.
S. A pri au
St A cu
+ au
jl.au
A cu It apjl
O w a jn.jl
O pr. ; jl
A pri jn.jl
A cu
+jn.jl
A pr? mr.au
4 cherlorioides will cherleria-leaved: A pr
35 montna, L.
6356 serpylliflia L.
6:57 pubscens Dec.
thyme-leaved
pubescent
6:58 revicaulis Stern

339 scbra Poir.
6:0 cilita I,
rough
fringed
mountain
66l multicalis Jacq.

2 trinrvis L.
6311
| \, \!
short-stalked
many-stalked
Plantain-leaved
| *
#
*
W
W
W
W
W.
W.
W
A pr. ; lau W.
Ow 4 myjn W.
-
......
1731.
1823.
...
1800.
walls.
D :
D. s.l.
D s-p
D. s.p
S co
...
1823.
1822.
S co
D co
D co
Alps
Alps
Ireland ir-mou.S. s.p
All p. 2. t. 89 fil
Al ped. t. 26.f5
Bot mag. 1118
Eng. bot. 923
Eng bot. 1745
Europe 1794 D sp J. co, l. t. 17 ti

Britain woods. S sp Eng bot. 1483
\\
"N."
1050. Arenaria. From arena, sand, in which most of the species are found. They are of most difficult
discrimination, and are chiefly diminutive weeds found almost exclusively on sandy soils. The flowers vary
ORDER III.
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA
379
6306 Hairy, Lvs. cord. ovate

Stem dichotomous, Fl. solitary, Sepals lanc. ac. longer than petals
6307 Leaves ovate lanceol. nearly veinless, Pedunc. 1-fl. Sepals lanc. acute twice as short as petals
6308 Villous viscid, Leaves lin, lanc. Stems dichotomous diffuse, Petals and capsule longer than calyx
6309 Lvs. lanc. acum. serrulate roughish: the upper broader and shorter, Pedunc. filiform very long, Pet. 2-fid
6310 Stem erect few-fl. Lvs. linear acute entire smoothish, Pedunc. filiform very long, Petals 2-parted
6311 Leaves linear smooth at edge, Stems diffuse, Fl. panicled divaricating, Petals the length of calyx
6312 Glaucous, Leaves lin. lanc. smooth at edge, Floral scarious, Petals twice as long as cal. Stem erect weak
6313 Leaves ovate-lanceol. entire smooth
Sepals ovate-lanceol. much shorter than petals
6314 Leaves ovate-obl. Pet. deeply divided shorter than calyx, Caps, ovate oblong longer than calyx
6315 Leaves obl. pubescent, Pedunc. 1-fl. twin, Pet larger than cal. Caps, obl. nearly twice as long as sepals
6316 Leaves spatulate, Stem erect bifid viscid, Branches alternate, Petals emarginate
6317 Leaves linear lanc. obtuse very dense, Pedunc. 1-fl. and umbelled, Pet, scarcely longer than calyx
6318 Leaves lanc. entire sessile acute, Base and stem pubescent, Fl. axill solitary
6319 Glandular pubescent, Stem procumbent, Leaves ovate fleshy, Petals scarcely longer than calyx cut
6320 Very smooth, Leaves linear-lanc. Pedunc. terminal dichotomous bracted, Pet broad obovate 2-parted
$ 1. Caps. 3-valued, Leaves linear, with scarious stipules at base.

6321 Smooth, Stem erect, Leaves subulate 1-sided, Petals shorter than calyx
l
calyx
*:
6322 Hispid, Stem erect, Branches divaricating, Lvs. setaceous twice as short as joints, Pet. obt.
6323 Stems
hairy, Leaves filiform shorter than the joint, Sepals lanceolate obtuse scarious at edge
6324 Like the last, but nearly smooth
6325 Stems prostrate, Leaves half cylindrical fleshy as long as joints, Seeds with a membranous wing
6326 Pilose subhispid, Leaves filiform longer than joint, Stamens 5, Seeds obcord. compressed, Caps, globose
2. Leaves grassy, linear, lanceolate or rounded, without stipules, Caps. 3-valved.
* Leaves grassy.
6327 Stems erect simple, Lvs. subul. filiform rough, Panic trichotomous pubescent lax, Calyxes very obtuse
6328 Leaves subulate-filiform serrulate, Stems erect simple, Panicle trichotomous smooth compact
6329 Leaves lin. setaceous ciliated rough, Stems erect rigid simple, Sepals acute scarcely longer than corolla
6330 Stems ascending few-fl. pubescent, lys setaceous rigid, Cauline straight, Sepals obtuse striated villous
6331 Leaves setaceous rigid mucronate striated, Stems panicled few-fl. Sepals ianc, much shorter than corolia
** Leaves subulate or linear.
6332 Lvs. subulate rigid spiny: lower fascicled; upper distant, Stems erect firm, Pet, obov. twice as long as cal.
6333 Erect smooth many-stemmed, Leaves subulate linear erect, Pan. few-fl. Petals conspicuously striated
6334 Leaves subulate tooth-ciliated, Stems ascending 3-6-fl. roughish, Cal. cylindrical, Sepals 3-nerved hairy
6335
6336
6337
6338
Like the last, but stems rigid few-fl. Leaves long straight, Pedunc. and
viscid hai
Lvs. lin. subul. 3-nerved, Stem panicled, Pedunc. terminal very long twin downy, Pet. obt, emarginate
Like the last, but stems 2-4-fl. Leaves narrow recurved
Lvs. subulate broadish flat 3-nerved ciliated, Radical clustered, Stems 1-fl. Pedunc. very long pubescent
6339 Tufted many-stemmed, Leaves subulate obtuse nerved, Stems panicled elongated
6340 Erect branched, Leaves linear subulate 3-nerved, Pedunc. twin terminal 1-flowered
6341 Leaves subulate, Stems panicled, Sepals ovate
6342 Stems filiform rooting very long diffuse, Flowering branches erect few-fl. Lvs. lin. flat acute fascicled
6343 Leaves subulate setaceous, Stem branched dichotomous, Sepals subulate striated much longer than petals
6344 Stem much branched, Leaves lin. recurved, Sepals with a long point and membranous edge
6345 Radicallvs. clustered recurved subul. 1-sided, Stems tufted simple 3-fl. Sepals and peduncles hairy gland.
6:346 Stem much branched, Fl. panicled fastigiate, Leaves setaceous fascicled 1-sided ciliated at base
6347 Leaves subulate fascicled setaceous, Stems erect straight simple, Sepals acuminate with 2 lines
634s leaves setaceous fascicled with 2 stripes, Stems suffruticose dichotomous, Pedunc. term. 1-2-flowered
6349 Lvs. setaceous not ciliated at base, Stems tufted prostrate at base, Pedunc. longer than leaf, Sepals awned
6350 Procumbent, Leaves linear obt. Peduncles 2 or 31-flowered with 2 bractes at base, Sepals without nerves
6351 Leaves subulate rigid spiny and flowers whorled, Pedunc. 4-fl. capitate
*** Leaves lanceolate, oval or rounded.
6352 Leaves ovate carinate recurved edged imbricated 4 ways, Stems straight downy, Sepals rigid acute keeled
6353 Tufted villous, Branches ascending, Leaves lanceolate narrow acute rigid nerved
6354. Like the last, but smaller, with creeping and tufted stems, and imbricated leaves
6555 Pubescent, Leaves lanc, linear, Barren stems very long procumbent, Pedunc terminal long 1-flowered
6356 Leaves ovate acute sessile regular ciliated and smooth, Sepals lanceolate 3-nerved acute green opaque
6.357 Pubescent, Lvs. ovate acute stalked, Stems spreading branched elongated, Sepals acute shorter than cor.
6358 Leaves oblong acute 3-nerved ciliated imbricated, Stem prostrate, Sepals lanceolate acuminate striped
6359 Leaves lanc. acute spreading hard rough, Stem simple short, Sepals ovate acuminate striped
6360 Leaves ovate and obovate blistered rugose more or less nerved and ciliated, Stems procumbent
6361 Like the last, but leaves pulpy thick and sepals scarcely nerved
6362 Stem slender branched, Lvs. ovate acute stalked ciliated nerved, Pedunc. long bent down after flowering
*86
considerably in the number of their stamens, more generally falling short of than exceeding the regular
number,
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
380
. Class X.
L. h. stir. 1. t. 15
Eng, bot. 189
sy. 2. t.33
V
A pr.t mr.au W
Majorca 1787. D sp
A pr: myjl W
Britain seash. D sp
Egypt
+ jlau R
1801. D sp
u\lpr
051. CHERLE/RIA. W. Chealeria.
St A or * jl.au # Scotland sc. alp. D s.l Eng, bot. 1212
dwarf
6366 sedoides W.
1052. BRUNNI/CHIA. W. BRUNNichiA.
Polygoneae. Sp. 1.
Pk
Sarolina 1787. C lp Gaer.s.l. t. 45.f2
...
A. u_1 or 6
Carolina
6367 cirrhsa W
1053 GARIDEL L.A. W. GARIDELLA.
Ranunculaceae. Sp. 1-2.
B.G France
O or 13.jn.jl
Nigella-leaved
1736. S co Bot. mag 1266
6368 Nigellstrum W.
*1054, MALPI'GHIA. W. Barbadoes Cherry.
Malpighiaceae...Sp. 18-70.
R
mr.jl
16
fr.
smooth-leaved
D.
Indies
W.
1757.
C p.1 Bot mag. 813
6369 glabra W.
W. Indies 1690. C. p.1 Plum.ic.t.166.f3
... Pk
Pomegran.-lvd. a CD or 12
6370 puniciflia W.
W. Indies 1806. C p.l Bot rep. 604
371 polystchia H. K. many-spiked *D or 10 mr.my Y
372 mdia H. K.
intermediate - D or 10 mr.my Y
W. Indies 1790. C. p.l Jac. ic. 3. 469
t.
W. Indies 1806. C p.1
$373 glandulifera Jacq. quadriglandular* [m] or 10 mr.my Y
Y
W. Indies 1804. C. p.1 Caldis,8.t.239.f.2
...
* D or 10
biglandular
374 glandulsa W.
Cadis.8.t.239.f.1
glossy-leaved - L or 6 mr.au Pk
W. Indies 1733. C. p.l
$6375 nitida W.
6376 fucta B. Reg.
...... 1814. C. p.1 Bot reg. 189
* D or 8 mr.au R
painted
M. macrophylla Desf.
Bot reg.96
6377 urens Ji'.
* D fr3 jlo
Pk
stinging
S. Amer. 1737. C p.1 Bot.
cab. 321
6378 angustiflia W.
Pk
narrow-leaved *D or 7 jLau
W. Indies 1737. C p.l
$6379 canescens W.
... W. Indies 1742. C. p.l Aub. gu. 1. t. 182
downy-leaved
D or 20
6380 crassiflia W.
Y
thick-leaved
D or 20 au
S. Amer. 1793. C. p.l Aub. gu. l. t. 183
6381 Mourila Aubl.
Y
yellow-spiked
L or 20 au
S. Amer. 1823. C. p.1 Bot. mag. 2462
6.82 lcida W.
wedge-leaved at D or 6 my...au Pk
W. Indies 1759. C. p.l Slo.h.2.t.1.6.f.1
$6383 coricea W.
leathery-leaved in L or 30 my...au Pk Jamaica 1814. C. p.1 Bot. mag. 809
$6384 volabilis Sims.
Y
C or 10 au.s
twinin
W. Indies 1793. C. p.1 C. di. 8. t.236.f.9
6385 aquiflium W.
S. Amer. 1759. C. p.l Bot feg. 568
Pk
Holly-leaved
D or 7 au.s
6,386 coccifera W.
Pk
W. Indies 1733. C. p.l
...
Kermes'Oak-lv.* D or 2
*1055. BANISTERIA. W. BANistenia.
Cav. dis. 9..t.254
Malpighiaceae. Sp. 9-60.
6387 cilita W.
Brazil
... Y
1796. C. s.l C. di.9. t. 246 fil
AL D or 10
ciliated
388 purprea. W.
W. Indies 1759. C. s.l Jac. sch. 1. t. 105
... Pu
ID or 10
389 chrysophylla W.
Star-apple-lvd. a- D or 10 ... ... Y
Brazil
1793, C. r.m
6390 lauriflia W.
ful D or 10 jlau Y
Bay-leaved
Jamaica 1733. C. s.l Cav. dias. t. 244
$6391 nitida W.
...
... S. Amer. 1809. C. s.l Cav. dis. 9..t.258
* D or 10
glossy
6392 sericea P. S.
Brazil
... Y
1810. C. s.l
* D or 10
silky
6893 falgens W.
W. Indies 1759. C. r.m. Cav, dis. t. 253
... Y
shining-fruited AL D or 6
6394 heterophylla W.
S. Amer. 1812. C. s.l
... Y
a
10
or
various-leaved
D
$6395 brachita W.
Y
W. Indies 1759. C. s.l
...
cross-branched a D or 10
6363 balerica L.
Majrca
6364 peploides L.
6365 procmbens Wahl
Sea-chickweed
procumbent
1056. HIRAE/A. W.
6,396 reclinta JV.
1057. CNESTIS. Lam.

6397 glabra Lam.
HiRAEA.
reclined
* D or 10
CNestis.
smooth
* D or 10
Malpighiaceae...Sp. 1-19.
W. Indies ...
... " Y
Connaraceae.
...
W.a
Jac.am. t. 176
C. s.l
Sp. 1-9.
Lam il. t. 387.1
uritius 1823. C. s.l
PENTAG YNLA.
Averrhoa.
1058, AVERRHOA. W.
Terebintaceae.
6398 Bilimbi J.V.

6399 Carambla W.
* D. fr. 8 auis
Bilimbi-tree
...
Carambola-tree * D. fr. 14
R.Y.
G.R.
#:
Cav, dis. 7..t.219
E. Indies 1791. C. s.1 Cav. dis. 7..t.220

E. Indies 1793. C. s.l

1051. Cherleria. John Henry Cherler was an assistant of John Bauhin in preparing his Historia Plantarum.
A little obscure weed.
1052. Brunnichia. A catalogue of the books upon natural history was published by one Mr. F. Brunnich
a Danish naturalist, in 1793.
1053. Garidella. So named by Tournefort, in honor of Pierre Garidel, M.D., physician at Aix in Provence,
author of Histoire des Plantes quinaissent en Provence, 1719, with many figures. A plant of little curiosity
-
or beauty.
Small
inconspicuous plants of the easiest management.
1054. Malpighia. So named by Plumier in honor of Marcello Malpighi, professor of medicine at Bologna
-
author of Anatome Plantarum, 1 765 and 1769; a celebrated work, the best of its time on the structure o#
vegetables. The species are handsome evergreen trees and shrubs, some of them fruit-bearing and others
climbers. M glabra is grown for its fruit in the West Indies, and the fruit of M. urens is also eaten under
the name of Barbadoes cherry, but that of both species is much inferior to European cherries. ...All the
sDeCics have the under sides of
their leaves covered with prickly bristles which when handled run into the
rs. ...Ripened cuttings root freel in sand under cover.
-
1055. Banisteria. So named by

. Houstoun in memo
of the Rev. John Banister, a curious botan
, ist, who lost his life in search after plants in Virginia.
e species are chiefly evergreen climbers and
twiners; some of them, as B. fulgens and chrysophylla, have fine shewy foliage as well as beautiful flowers,
ORDER III.
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA."
881
6368 Tufted creeping, Leaves ovate shining fleshy ciliated, Pedunc. long 1-fl. Flowers cernuous
6364 Leaves ovate acute fleshy approximated, Fl. solitary on short stalks, Sepals obl. acute as long as cor.
6365 All over pubescent, Leaves lin. lanceol. Stems prostrate much branched, Seeds very minute
6366 Leaves spreading
6367 Leaves cordate sagittate
6368 Petals sessile spreading, Stamens 10-12
6369 Leaves ovate entire smooth, Peduncles umbelled
6370 Leaves ovate entire smooth, Peduncles 1-flowered
6371 Leaves entire oblong acute smooth shining with 2 glands beneath at the base
6372 Leaves entire oblong lanceolate acute smooth with 2 glands at a distance from the base
6373 Leaves ovate nearly entire with hairs on both sides, Fl.-stalks with a truncate gland at top
6374 Leaves ovate elliptical acuminate entire smooth with 2 glands at base
6375 Leaves oblong acuminate entire smooth, Racemes axillary, Fl. monogynous
6376 Leaves elliptical shining hairy beneath, Fl. axillary corymbose
6377 Leaves obl. ovate with decumbent stiff bristles, Peduncles 1-fl. aggregate
6378 Leaves lin. lanceol. with decumbent bristles on each side, Peduncles umbelled
6379 Leaves obl. obtuse pubescent, Racemes axillary compound
6380 Leaves ovate entire obtuse downy beneath, Racemes terminal
6381 Leaves ovate downy beneath acute, Flowers yellow spiked
6382 Leaves obovate wedge-shaped entire veinless shining, Racemeterminal
6383 Leaves ovate acute entire smooth on each side, Racemes terminal spiked
6384 Leaves oval acuminate shining, Racemes corymbose terminal
6385 Leaves lanceol. toothed-spiny hispid beneath
6386 Leaves subovate toothed-spiny
6387 Leaves orbicular cordate ciliate toothletted smooth, Petioles with 2 glands
6388 Leaves roundish ovate obtuse smooth, Racemes axillary and terminal, Seeds erect
6389 Leaves ovate oblong acutish towards the end obsoletely ciliated beneath shining gold-colorad
6390 Leaves ovate-oblong rigid, Racemes terminal
6391 Leaves ovate oblong entire beneath shining, Panicle terminal leafy
6392 Branches 2-cdged, Leaves ovate downy beneath, Petioles with 2 glands
6393 Leaves subovate downy beneath, Racemcs brachiate, Peduncles umbelled
6394 Leaves downy beneath orbicular cordate, Branches divaricating roundish, Petioles with 2 glands
6395 Leaves subovate, Branches brachiate, Seeds narrower inwards
6396 Leaves simple obovate obtuse pubescent above smooth beneath
6397 Leaves pinnated, Leaflets ovate stalked smooth on each side, Racemes fascicled
PENTAG YNIA.
6398 Leaves pinnated, Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, Fruit oblong with obtuse angles
G399 Leaflets ovate unequal acuminate. Fruit obl. acute-angled
al
6388
--
%
|S.
All of them root freely in ripened wood in sand under a hand-glass. In most respects they resemble the last
genus.
1056. Hiraea. Named after John Nicholas de la Hire, a French physician, who died in 1727. Plants with the
appearance of Banisteria.
1057. Cnestis. From zvn.9a, to scratch. The capsules, covered with hairs, excite a troublesome itching.
Finc evergreen stove shrubs.
1958. Averrhoa. So named in honor of Ebn Elvelid Ebn Rushad, commonly called Averrhoes, of Corduba
in
a famous commentator on Aristotle and Avicenna. He also published Calliget, or the plants used
#.
in food, &c. He died at the beginning of the thirteenth century. The specific names are vernacular
appellations. The species, are evergreen trees, singular for the fruit growing frequently on the trunk
itself, below the leaves: the flowers grow in racemes; the fruit is a five-celled pome. A. Bilimbi is a
beautiful tree, with a green fleshy oblong fruit the thickness of the finger, filled with a grateful acid
juice; the substance and seeds not
those of cucumber.
They make a syrup of the juice, and
a conserve of the flowers, which are esteemed excellent in fevers and bilious disorders...A. carambola
bears a fruit the size of a hen's egg, with a pulpy subacid juice, used ripe and also pickled green, and
employed also in dying, and other economical purposes. The petioles and branches of this tree are said to
have a peculiar sensitive quality, of which an account is given by Dr. Bruce in the Philosophical Transactions,
CLAss X.
DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
s82
1059. SPON/DMAS. W.
6400 Mmbin W.
6401 Myroblanus W.
6402 dulcis W.
Hoq PluM.
flat-stemmed
E pr

10
yellow
pr 30
Otaheite-apple # CD pr 50
...
-
...
Y.G
YG
Yo
*1060 COTYLE DON. W. Navel-wort.

Semperviveae.
6403 orbiculta Haw.
round-leaved to L_J cu 2 jl.au
R
6404 ovta Haw.
R
ovate-leaved
ri. u_j cu 2 jl.o
conical
*-i-J cu 1} au
R
6405 papillris L.
6406 oblnga Haw.
R
oblong-leaved it. LJ cu 2 jls
6407 curviflra
Or
curve-flowered ri. U. cu 13 o
6408 ramosissima Mill. many-branched ts. LJ cu 2
6409 fasciculris W.
R
cluster-leaved tr. L J cu 1 jls
scarlet
* L-J cu 2 o
Sc
$6410 coccinea W.
6411 decussata Sims.
Sc
cross-leaved
ri. LJ cu 13 au
6412 hemisphaerica W. thick-leaved
ri. LJ cu 1 jn.jl
narrow-leaved
6413 spria W.
1 jl.au
$6414 caespitsa Haw.
tongue-leaved if LA cu 1 jn.au Y
lingua frmis H. K.
serrta Jy.
Y
notch-leaved A cu 1 jn.jl
6416 hispnica W.
Spanish
y: O pr
ljn.jl
Y
O pr # jn.jl
P. r
6417 Malacophyllum W. annual
$6418 umbilicus W.
Penny-wort
x. A pr
# jn.jl
Y
Y
g Mucizni Brot.
Portuguese
y: A pr * jn.jl
*jn.jl
Y
$6419 latea W.
yellow
g A pr
f*1061. SEDUM. W.
Sto.NE-crop.
Semperviceae.
6420 verticillatum W.
Pk
whorl-leaved . A or 1 jlis
S. triphyllum Haw.
6421 mximum Haw.
W
great-purple
y A or 2 jLs
6422 albicans Haw.
W
great-white
* A or 2 jlis
Pu
6423 Telephium E. B. common Orpiney: A or 2 jls
Pu
6424 Telephioides Mich. Rhodiola-lvd. i. A or 1 jls
6.425. Anacmpseros W. evergreen
y: A or
*jl.au
Pu
6426 divaricatum W.
spreading
x - or
jn.jl
Pk
6427 Aizon W.
yellow
y: A or
jlis
Y
* jls
Pk
6428 sprium W. cn.
fringed
* A or
W
6429 oppositiflium B.M. opposite-leaved to A or * jl.s
6430 hybridum W.
Germander-lvd.y: A or
* myjl Pu
Poplar-leaved
A or
64.31 populiflium W.
1 jLau W
6432 ternatum Ph.
Purslane-leaved a or
*jl.au W
64.33 stellatum py.
W
starry
O or * jn.jl
64.34 spathultum W.en. spathulate
y: Q) or
*jn.jl
W.
6435
paea W.
panicled
O or
1 jl.au W
$6436
IW en.
* au
W
spiny
Y: A or
rssula spinsa W.
6437 dasyphyllum W.
thick-leaved
Y. A pr
+jn.jl
W
6438 reflexum E. B.
Y
reflex-leaved y: A or 1 Jn.jl
laucous
w: A or
64.39 gladicum E. B.
+jlau Y
ill
* A or 1 jn.au Y
6440 collinum W.en.
6441 virescens W.en.
greenish-flower.y, a or 1 jnau G.Y
6442 septangulre Haw. seven-rowed
A or
* in-ji
Y
6443 virens W.
green
w: A or * jnji
Y
rock
y: A pr
6444 rupstre W.
+jlau Y
6445 Forsterianum H. K. Forster's
y: A or * jl.au
Y
6446 caerleum Pahl.
pale-blue
y: A or
+jlau
P.B.
6447 sempervivoides Bieb Semperviv-likey: A or * ji.au
R
-
W. Indies 1817.
W. Indies 1739.
Society Is. 1793.
S.p
Slo, his.2. t. 219

Mer. sur. t. 13
Lam. ill. t.3S4
Sp. 17-20.
C. G. H. 1789.
C. G. H. 1789.
C. G. H. 1822.
C. G. H. 1690.
C. G. H. 1818.
C. G. H. 1768.
C. G. H. 1759.
C. G. H. 1816.
C. G. H. 1819.
C. G. H. 1731.
C. G. H. 1731.
California 1796.
Bot mag. 321

Bot. mag.
Bot mag. 2044
Burm. afr. t. 18
Bot. cab. 832
s
Siberia
1732.
Spain
1796.
IDavuria 1815.
Britain sha.roc.
Portugal 1823.
England moi.ro.
Bot. mag. 25.18

Plant. grass. 87
Com. rar. t. 23
Di.el. t. 95. f. 112
Plant, grass. 122

P.it. 3.ap.t.G. f.1
Eng. bot. 325
Eng. bot. 1522
*: 41-60.
S. Europe ...
Spain
e
Britain
N. Amer.
France
Madeira
Siberia
Caucasus
Caucasus
Siberia
Siberia
N. Amer.
1794.
1794.
bor.fi.
1810.
1596.
1777.
1757.
1816.
...
1766.
1780.
1789.
Am...ac.2t.4.f.14
Eng bot. 1319

Bot mag. 118
Plant grass. 101
Bot mag. 2370
Bot mag. 1807
Mur. c.go.6 t 5
Brt mag. 211
Bot reg. 142
S. Europe 1640.
Hungary 1815.
Cam. ho. 7. ic. 2

Pl, ra. h.2. t. 104
France
Siberia
Gm. sib, t. 67.f.2
1640.
1790.
England walls.
Britain
walls,
England bar.sa.
-
......
1815.
1815.
1795.
Portugal 1774.
England rocks.
Wales
Africa
Iberia
w.roc. D si
1822. D. s.l
1823. D. s.l
Eng. bot. 656

Eng. bot. 695
Eng. bot, 2477
Plant, grass. 115
Eng, bot. 170

Eng, bot. 1802
Bot reg. 520
Bot. mag. 2474

Both species form handsome plants in our stoves; they grow freely, and ripened cuttings root rcadily in sand
under a hand glass.
The plants of this genus bear fruit like plums,
1059. Srondias. One of the Greek names of the
hese are deciduous fruit-bearing trees, natives or culti
which are also called hog plums in the West Indies.
vated in both Indies. S. Mombin (the South American name) flowers from the sides of the branches, and
#'
is known by its oblong or ovate fruit like a plum, having a luscious thin pulp covering a large fibrous stone.
The skin is yellow, purple, or variegated; the pulp is yellow and thin, having a singular but not unpleasant
taste, and a sweet smell.
The seed scarcely ever ripens, but it is so easily increased by cuttings, that if a
branch laden with young fruit be set in the ground, it will grow, and the fruit will soon come to maturity.
St. Domingo they make hedges of the boughs, which flower and bear fruit in a few months. It is
cultivated for the sake of the fruit,
In
also
''' it is not in much esteem in Jamaica.
The flowers of S. Myrobalanus (the
yrobalanus of Dioscorides was an Egyptian or Arabian tree, which

-
ORDER IV.
388
6400 Common petiole compressed

6401 Common petiole round, Leaves shining acuminate
6402 Common petiole round with 6 pairs of leaflets which are serrated and ribbed
6403 Leaves orbicular spatulate powdery obtuse with a point, Fl. panicled, Stem erect branched
6404 Leaves ovate spatulate obtuse powdery with a point edged with red, Fl. panicled, Stem erect branched
6405 Leaves opp. rounded ovate, Flowers corymbose
6406 Leaves obl. spatulate obtuse smooth with a point, Fl. panicled, Stem erect branched
6407 Leaves semicylindrical scattered, Fl. panicled nodding, Tube curved
6408 Leaves ovate spatulate obtuse with a point powdery, Fl. panicled, Stem much branched divaricating
6409 Leaves wedge-shaped fascicled, Stem thickened, Branches fleshy conical
6410 Leaves obovate acute fleshy, Spike leafy terminal
6411 Leaves crossing rounded mucronate glaucous, Fl. panicled pendulous
6412 Leaves half orbicular scurfy dotted flat above, Fl. few small sessile
6413 Leaves spatulate obtuse naked with a point
6414 Leaves glaucous narrow tongue-shaped at the end obcuneate mucronate, Fl. cymose, Stem leafy
6415 Leaves oval crenate, Stem spiked
6416 Leaves oblong nearly round, Flowers fascicled
6417 Leaves lanceolate acute fleshy, Spike cylindrical terminal leafless
6418 Leaves peltate crenate, Stem nearly simple, Fl. pendulous, Bractes entire
6419 Leaves peltate crenate, Stem nearly simple, Flowers erect, Bractes toothed
6420 Leaves whorled 4
6421 Leaves amplexicaul. cordate ovate obtuse unequally and deeply serrated
6422 Leaves amplexicaul. cordate oblong obtusely serrated whitish
6423 Leaves flattish serrated, Corymb leafy, Stem erect
6424 Leaves flat ovate acute at each end toothed, Flowers in corymbose fascicles
6425 Leaves wedge-shaped narrowed at the base subsessile, Stems decumbent, Fl. corymbosc
6426 Leaves wedge-shaped rhomboid emarginate stalked, Stems branched, Pan term. divaricating
6427 Leaves lanceolate serrated flat, Stem erect, Cyme sessile terminal
6428 Leaves roundish obovate flat crenated at end with a cartilaginous muricated edge
6429 Leaves flat opposite spatulate toothed
64.30 Leaves wedge-shaped concave somewhat toothed aggregate, Branches creeping, Cyme terminal
6431 Leaves flat cordate toothed stalked, Corymbs terminal
6432 Leaves whorled obovate entire smooth, Cyme in three divisions
6433 Leaves flattish angular, Fl. lateral subsessile solitary
64.34 Stems branched, Leaves entire: lower
Stigmas acute
6435 Leaves flat lanceolate, Stem branched, Flowers panicled, Petals acute awned
6436 Radical leaves obovate with a long mucronate point, Stem simple, Spike term. long
':
6437 Leaves opposite ovate obtuse fleshy, Stem weak, Fl. scattered
6438 Leaves subulate scattered separate at base: the lower recurved
6439 Leaves giaucous subulate scattered separate at base, Fl. cymose, Cal. lanceolate
6440 Lvs. rounded subulate acute: those of the barren branches glaucous spreading, Branches of cyme recurved
64.41 Lvs. rounded subulate acute: those of the barren branches glaucous spreading, Branches of cyme compact
6442 Leaves subulate in 7 rows glaucous very close distinct at base
(erect
6443 Leaves subulate scattered separate at base, Fl. in cymes, Petals half as long as lanceolate calyx
6444 Leaves subulate scattered separate at base glaucous, Fl. in cymes, Petals twice as long as calyx
6445 Leaves subulate spreading in many rows close, Cal. short obtuse
6446 I eaves oblong alternate obtuse separate at base, Cyme bifid smooth
6447 Leaves flat spatulate ovate acute entire pubescent, Corymb hemispherical
We 6423 *.6425
6429
.
--
* -:
-
*:S
& 6437
6444'.
'
bore a perfumed fleshy fruit. Jacquin applied the name to this South American plant, which is nearly similar
in properties) come out before the leaves make their appearance, and are succeeded by yellow plums the size of
a pigeon's egg, which are eaten by children, and considered excellent food for hogs. It grows by large cuttings
as freely as the other. S. dulcis is a handsome tree; the pulp of the fruit is firmer than that of the others,
and tastes like a Reinette apple. It is cultivated in the Society and Friendly islands, especially in Otaheite;
the fruit is of a gold color, hangs in little nodding bunches, and is esteemed both tasteful and wholesome:
its flavor resembles that of the pine-apple.
1060. Cotyledon. From xoruxo, a vessel or cup. Many of the species of this genus have cup-shaped leaves.
The species are succulents of little beauty, and of the easiest culture in light earth and lime rubbish, or in
sand and loam.
1061. Sedum.
From sedere, to sit: these plants growing upon the bare rock, look as if sitting upon it. The
species are low succulents, some of them pretty, others curious; but none of them remarkable in any way.
Clam X.1
DECANDRIA TENTAGYNIA.
JLau
.
S.
Europe
1769.
Dil
Jac
vind. 1. LSI
or
S. tall W.
P.seiftfoi-me
Pa.it.ia.tPn
ftemvt.
D
s.l
N.
Alia
1800.
YTV Spain 1732. D s.1 Jac. au. 5. ta.47
or
6449 quadrtfidum IV. four-rlefl
6450
hispricum
W. Spanish
i *pr i jnjl W
bot
DD s.1s.1 Eng.
England rocks.
white
6*51
lbum
IV.
Eng.
bot
wall.
Y Britain
biting
i
i"
ere
W.
Eng.
bot.
1945
P*
D
s.1
England
walls.
Y Britain rocks. D s.1 Eng. bot 1"1
6453
sexangiilreW. (fl insipid
1 P* iJjn.JI
jUu W
English
6454 nnuum
nglicum
N.
Europem-aLp.
1739. SD s.1s.1 Eng. bot 394
au vv
pr i 1 jn.jl
annual
645.5
IV.
Britain
Fit
If
6456
villsum
I**. P. & hairy
,
Bot aus.
cab 464
S. Europe 1816. DS s.1s.1 Jac
W
* pr Jjnjl
6457
monregalnse
clammy
I.t8
au Pu Italy 1795.
6458
dark-annual
645 atrtum
ndum W.IV.
naked-branch. - i_l pr -" W Madeira 1777. R si
Sp.1.
1062.
W.American
. cu 1 Senipervivcx.
jl.au G. Virginia 1768. D Lam.ill.lS90
64G0 PENTHiVRUM.
sedoides W.
Rosacea;.
1790. pi Sw.gcr.it HI
1063.
GRIE'I.UM. W.. slender-leaved lA un 2 ap.my Y
6461 tenuiflium
. SpChina
12.
1064.
. .. EU pr IJU
S s.1 Jac ol. 178. 14
Y
646^ BKVPHYTUM.
eens.tvum D. C. D. sensitive
Oxr.iis seus:tiva L.
tlOGo.
W. Plumier'a
Oxalis. e. or 2 Oialidcx.
An 1823. p.l Botreg.SI0
ja.d Y Sp.S.72154.
6463 OX'ALIS.
Plumiri Jacq.
394
tf lAI
or
pr
tftf prprpr
iQJpr
tf lAJ
iAJ prpr
tj |A|
pr
6464
pernnans
Haw.
6465florida
Dillnii Sallsb.
Jacq.
6466strcta
L. L.
6467
6468 corniculta
microphylla
Poir.
6469 rbeng
rpeni Haw.
'fiunb.
6470
Jacq.Jacq,
6471 rsea
lateriflora
annual
frec-owering
upright
procumbent
red-flowered
creeping-stalk,
rosy
lateral
6472
Jacq.
6473 macretjlis
tubiflra Jacq,
6474
secunda
Jacq.
6475
hirta
L. Jacq.
6476
multiflra
6477
6478 ruMIla
rosacea Jacq.
Jucq.
6479
repttrix
6480 incamta Jacq.
L.
long-styled ij || or
tube-flowered
oror
side-flowering
gtf iAI
iAI
hairy-stalked
iAI
or
many-flowered
branching-red tf iAJ
|1 or
or
rose-colored J ._AJ pr
creeping-rooted
flesh-colored tftf LJpr
lAlpr
6481
scricea L.L.
648*2 caprina
violcea
6483
L.
5484
.
6485
compressa
Jacq.
6486 dentta Jacq.
6487
livida
Jacq.
6488 b.ktu Sime,
silky
violet-colored
Goat's-foot
drooping
compressed
toothed
livid
loued
tf iAI
oror
tftf iAI
or
tf3 iAI
lAJor
lAI
"t
tf .AI
lAJpror
S2 my.s
my.au
2UJn.o
my.au
my.
Britain eh.!S
roc 5
s.p
N.S.W. ... S >
G. H. 1793. O s.p
Chili
1823. O .
. G. a 1824
S.P
Eng. bot Ii
gS^S1
f*8^
Jac.sch.tat
PU
I.G.H.
1793.
O
s
p
Pu
, . .
n in
ox. t1 11
1790.
s.p Jac
ôî.o
CG.H.
Pk
1790.
H.
I.iI.i C.C. G.
1787. ip
s.p Jac
Jac ox.
ox. to
G.
H.
O s,p
Jac.
t
1789.
H.
Li C.C. G.
s.p
Bot ox.
mag1791.
G.
H.
Pk
O
s.p
Bot
mag- '
Pk CG.H. 1793.
G. H. 1795. s p Jac ox. tO
i i n.d
ap.ju FF . G. H. 1739. s.p Jac ox. t. 71
t77.Il
H. 179*.
ox.
t80.U
ti ap.my
YL.PU N. G.Amer.
1771 s.p
s.pp Jac
Jac
ox.
my
jn
C.
G
H.
1757.
s
Jac
ox.
4if.my
mr.jn FY CG.H. 1757. s.p Jc.ox. t76"
lia
s.p
Jac
ii Ja.d
YF .C. G.G. H.
H. 1794.
179a
s.p Jac
Jac ox.
ox. t7
n.d
C.
G.
H.
17!
s.p
ox.
4'
i\ o.n
o.n Y C. G. H. 1823. O S.P
647
1 i mr.ap
mr.ap
mr.ap
1 i o.n
o.n
o.n
fjJ r.mr
o.n
I U
s.n
C460 11
6162
Propagation,
Tiiey seem destined by nature to clothe,
rocks Use,
and dry
arid places,CulHire,
after a certain portion or ectoblc
soil
beenOrpine
generated
by
lichens
and
mosses.
virtues
to be
is tothetheFrench
name ofSempervivum
two or three species.
S. albumpickled
Is eaid byto have
thein ''""
r asofused
samphiattributed
houscleek,
tectorum
someinwardly
the ""
',*, conidered
antiscorbutic
; its juice applied
to the: itskinis blisters
it, Ukcn
it vom. apph
lS evthorum.
".K^srencsFrom
promotes
. capsules. succulent 1"11
i';,1
., suppuration.
five, in allusion to the five-marked angles of, the
^S4
r"P1ru"f"obcu'y
whatever.
. ,:b ûtheniwooJ.
la (Meie,
sm uninteresting
uuitfTestin
Derived
tnZ7 *-_ Aa bmiul
small
Cape plant, with Vyellow flowers and hoar, leaves like sou'""" This
of the foliageSenuV
lhe(?i'"ai!
P,Mlt
of
life,
in
allusion
to
the
lively
irritable
nattirlor
* ' llle "u> sensitiva of Jacquin, has been lately divided by M. De CandoUe from rneiwOxalis, 5nicjson
iii at*id111 B*>|

ij "1
"
ll I*"
.1 ka
tWIV.
Pctali8, Leaves scattered : the lower rounded ; upper depressed
6 I*a*icaUerfJ
roundeddepressed
oUuse, scattered,
Stem simple,
in umbels
MSLena
linear rounded
CyincFI.("vine
o|en,
l'taiswith
4 4 petals
6t|
Leave*oblong
obtuse
roundish gibbous
sessile spreading,
liranehed
6*B
Leaves
tubulate
adnatcsesiile
nearly
erect
alternate.
Cyme
trifid
643 Leaves
subovatc aiinate-sessilc
adnatc-scssile gibbousalternate.
gibl>ous nearly erectCyme
imbricated
sixbifid
ways
6454
Leaves
subovate
branched
6436
Stem
solitary
annua),
Leavespeduncles
ovate sessile
gibbous
Cyme recurren
6456 Leavowhorled
Leaveserect
oblong
Haitian
above
axillary
aboutalternate,
1-fl. pubescent,
Petals ovate ubtliav
6t7
linear.corymbose
Stem and
procumbent
StW Stem
erect. Flowers
fastigiatc panicled, Peduncles villous viscid
645D Leavesscatteredoblong-cylindrical obtuse, Stems shrubby much branched, Cymes terminal
HDTheonlyspecie*
64 Peduncles limpie 1-rt. Leaves tripartite multifld
linear downy
S Peduncles many.fl. atend
385
... w,ulL- 1INU14'

. Si ,! , , , ' , ' ". Icivc, I.
a? ^*&isws5? i"^
'
-louca,ohcordate,
styles theStyles
lengthmiddling
ofinner
Stem rooting, Pedunc.axill.2-.four
the times
lengthasofleafst
Leaflets
Waweerect,
long atas end.
leaf
atLeaf),
the end
racrmose, Loafl. obeordatc
6*71 Sim nakedatPedunc.
base, Pedunc lateral
uinbell.
cun.corymljose
emarg. Stylesshorterthanouterstamens
* 4'"ch.
CeWeicen,
lemalong,
tessile,
villous,nextnotcal.glandular,
Pedunc. axillary,
l-Jtowrml.inneratata.
\*
than3Jcn-rf,
Ivs. Bracte
les than
MijPtd 4time*
asPal
longmuch
Ivs. liractes
apprcsscd
local. I-eafl. 1.
lin. cun.lin.obt.emarg.
Stylesst>shorter
than outerstamens
HV^"1 lm- < Hunches
1-sided,
Leaf),
lin.-cuneiform,
Peduncles
scarcely
longerneitherteeth
than leaves norglands
f.*11
M
much
long,
than
Ive.
Bracte
remote
from
caL
Stain,
with
êm <* branched, U*afl. lin. cunate obt Pedunc. much shorter than Ivs. Ilractee remote from cal,
firs
8 ia
Liai. 'm'
. Cl"iealr>
cuneiform,I'edunc
Pedunc.much
muchlonger
longerthanthanleaves,
leaves,Brades
Bractcsremote
remotefromfromcal.cal.Styles
Stylesintermediate
intermediate
fit)it
i 4 Caletead,
sparingly
leafy,
leaves
ttalked, 3.5-leaivd,
Pedunc.
arifl. \-jUnucred.
Htm
thon.
Leaves
on
long
stalks.
Leal
:>
ovate-rounded.
Styles
very
short
Hrm branched. Leaves stalked in fascicled whorls with 3 ohcordate leaflets. Styles very long
. .^"obcordMeiilky,
\f- Sternlos, Pedunc.Umbel
1-2 orlonger
many.flowered,
radical, tnany-leawd,
usually S-teaecd.
S
leaves,leaves
Fl. nodding,
Styles intermediate
Srnmatcsmooth,
Ilink Umb.
H. than
Style*
short.
M nodding
Johcordate2-lcOjcd smooth,
2-4-fl. rm
Flowers
erect,
Styles very short
{2v;"nlate 2-lobed Mnooth rabcloated, Umk numy-rl. Fl drooping. Styles very short
SLrf
! **afii 3 ""cordate pulicscent,
Umb.Sepals
-. :-tootlied
'.-pals entire.
vervvery
longToilg
2
IS,h47,,aU'
Sw,ia,l,|"nh*uU-iliate,
I'mh. UmK-l
2-.r>-fl.
at end,Mvlts
Styles
(^^"wii.
W
"l^rted
violet,
2-. Styles
middling
Icdunc 1-.
longerIwneath
than leaf,
leaflets obcordate.
Boot
tuberout
Ali
"**
nf tiiniuu
Particulars. and five of them only being perfect. It
^^
1 'prettyannualfSw,
?***' a"d
*nd iuilWt'*,*fo,u
lamens beingdistinct,
i.V
o mflliatd
so as to earth,
acquire,andas propagated
in China, a stem
six orwhich
nine inches
high, inis
[r*'" ob'i.v rcultivated
in common
by seeds,
it produces
Pjwt from thts, Jh^'ih.' th,e,!,nricnt. which was named from , sharp, or sour, was a very difl'erent
i ;;,",t'. ^ ^. havc ^ the of Pliny.
name employ! by Linna-us has,
^ '*
1*", although Cluiiu, Kay, Plumier, Toumefort, Mailer, and others,
tht-Mel?
hif
"f,,1,""1
wnicn mc*t
f Uie; inspecies
freely,
but alland
of them areinwithout
Li!tr:
t,,ehalf^'hh
nÛt7.
bulbous
some flower
species
only thick
" ">c subttiranco
t .1 ,, \ ,s*',
sometimes
closely imbricate,
somssOnH
andfleshy;
diverging.a fewIn
'pe aiw tire tcrminaling fibre of the bulb produce little dog-toothed bulbs, in such
X.
y . g. a im o ip JacoLtrntJ
.leaved tf lAlpr
0489
lAI pr ii <"
-n. .y . G. H. 1795. O ip Jac ox. t SB
649U monophflla
rostrla Jacq. imple.
beaked
1793.
OO ap
C.CG.
G.R
lAJprpr i4 on
curled
1795.
s.p Jac
Jac ox
ox. 11t 252
6491
o.n
hare's-eared tf LJ
1792.
O
ip
Jac
ra.
6492 crispa
leporinaJacq.
. ass's-carcd
CG.
I ad
1795. O ip lsm.t
6493
asinina Jacq.Jaco spear-leaved tf lAlpr
CG.
lAlpr i on
94
CG. H.
1794. O s.p Jac ox. t 27
6495 lanceeaflia
fauaflia . Bean-leaved tf lAlpr J .
O s.p Jac ra. 1-
Fu . G. H. 1793.
Labumum-lvd. tf lAlpr
G49t>
Ubumiflia
Joco. bloody-leaved
17S5.
O s.p Jacox.
129
o.d Y\'. .C. G.G. H.
lAI pr JJo.d
1794.
Jac
ox
tt 4730
6497
sangunea
Jacq.
H.
three-colored
9tf IAH*
1793. OOO ap
s.p
Jac
ox.
G4L<8 tricolor Jacq.
C.
G.
H.
Pu
J
o.n
lAI
er
ciliate-leaved
1705.
ap
Jac
ox.
t
6499
ciliris
Joco.
C.
G.
H.
.
'
,
an
tf
lAI
or
1S12.
O
ap
Jacox
buwed
6500
arcuta
Jacq.
W.a C.C. G.G. H.
H. 1790. O s.p Jacox. tal
t o.n W
tftf lAJpr
6501
nccida
Jacq.
pr t 1 s.d
ambiguous tf lAI
1795. OO ap
ap Jac
ox t 41
tW
myjn
11 YW C.CG.G. R
lAlpr
1795.
Jacoxt
6503 ambigua
undulu Jacq.
Jacq. wave-leaved
H.
i
tf
lAlpr
brown-spotted
1795. OO ap
Jac
ox
6504
fucata Jacq.
C. G.
H. 1690.
JI S.I1 F.Y
sulphur-color, tftf lAJpr
ip
Jac
ox. tIta63
6505
Jacq. specious
ru
G.G. H.
Pu
1795.
OO ap
s.p Jcx.LJ*
Jacox.
6506 sulphrea
specisa
W.Jacq.
W.a C.CG.
H.
J Jad
od W
tftf lAlpr
lAI
or
variable
1790.
variabilis
1790.
Bot ox
mag.t
fi grandiflora Jacq. great-flovxred
C. G.G. H.
H.
ad w
tftf tAlor
lAI
or ii an
Sitns't
1812. OOO ap
ap Jac
y purprea
SimM IX W.
H.
Pu
tAlpr
purple
1789.
ap
Jacoxt
6508
CG.
H.
Pk
tftf lAl
or
i
n.ja
convex-leaved
1812.
Jacoxt
8509
convexulajoa-f.
G. H
W CG.
j
Ml
LAlpr
green-edged
1795.
Jacoxt
6510
marginta
Jacq.
H.H. 1812. O ap Jscoxtg
tf uJel i an W
6511 pulcnlla Jaco. beautiful
R CG.
blunt-leaved tftf lAJor
1791. O s.p
6512 lanta
obtusa L.Jacq.
CG. a
^$ o.n
nn W
.AI
or
woolly-leaved
grov.
Jcox.t7!
Eng. bol 7
6513
tf cul i FW Britain
common
6514
acetoslla
/.
...
Jac . t
N.
Amer.
J
.
American Stf lAI

l"or i . Li C. G. H. 1793.
6515 americana Dec. tlendcr
1795. Jac . t.
6516
tentla
G. H.
(A| or , id W
181 Jac . -
floating
6517
ntarjs
I-.Joco.
R
J S.0
.. VV CG.
bilobed-leavcd tftf iA|or
1791. Jacoxt.*"
6518
filicalis
Jacq.
C.
G.
a
lAI
or
i
cloven-leaved
6519 bifida .
1793.
.
a
w
Stf LJor
i
1795.
Jac
Jsc .
. 141
1.
wedge-shaped
6520
cuiieiflia
Jacq.
g. a
s.n VPk c.CG.
linear-shaped tf lAI
6521
a 1795. Jac ox til
lAI oror I JF.11
6522 linearis
reclintaJoco.
Jacq. reclining
. G. H. 1795. iJ;.t'AU
my.jn Pu
. G. 11 1774. s.p Botniag. li>
imooth
tf? lAI
oror Ii ja.mr
6523
glabra
77.
Cr
triped-tlower.
lAI
W
1791. O ap Jacoxt
6524
versicolor
h.
S.O W.. C.G.H.
elongated
tf lAI or J i .
6525
elongata
Jacq.
fine-leaved tftf iAl
oror i ja " Pa.pu . G.G. H.
6526
tenuiflia Joco.
H. 1790.
1791. O ap
ap *J-'2
lt. '
lAI
6527 polyph?]la
Jacq. many-leaved
Pk
.
G.
H.
1822.
Pk
C.
G.
H.
1800.
ap **>5
Bot mag. IS
ija.s
thread-leaved
tf
iAI
or
6528
fililolia
Jar?.
6529 pentaphylla Slnu. five-leaved tf lAI pr i f.n
Lupine-leaved tf iA|
prpr Jon
6530
Jacq. narrow-leaved
mr.ap YYY C-C'H
lAl
65.31 lupinifolia
flava L I Jacq.
g! g! a 5
i O l
a? Jac
J
Jsn
J
LJpr
pectinated
G. a
1789.
ap *J*V
ia an
Y.R
C.G.
a
1791. s.o
Jac ol t'
lAlpr
Sha Juco. fan-leaved
downy-leaved f lAlpr np.my W
6493
6491
S8U
, Use, Propagation, Culture,

i the frota
bulb
abundance as to fill the whole pot to the very bottom, as in purpurea, ceniua, reptatnx. . downrigni
strikes
very
deep,
as
in
tomento
the
original
bulb
near
the
surface
striking
a
u'
"h
formcr
perish",
its base, which puts out from its side a new bulb, producing the next year's plant, wn'lt in landuloss ana
Sometimes
thick and
long have
fibres aspring
in a monstrous
form
the all toe 11 andf(JrVedm
,
some
others.fusiform,
species
'ou/),
whenorfrom
it quite
bears
alternately,
andSome
not ofin the
a terminating
umbelproper
: this stem
is either
branched
simple," (he tlldtneof
tM
part incoiutanUy.
Others
etil jalong
the leaves
and many.
flowers InbeingsomeWKgUe
talk;
tins bears none
or veryhavefewa leaves
it, seldom
species "g?L
11 L m |, .jwiTt
tenu*".1;
"
"1>.
purpurea.
Sec.
;
in
other.
It
is
always
above
ground,
as
in
^KJffS
In ,r T.1'
quite Hence
simple the
i some,
however,
branched,
the branch
, , '
leaves
arcasort,
S,
fo'i'phyll.
division
of thearespecie,
into caulescent
and
stipitatc
stipitate.
It*.
lay
J"|
.
~
ana
row, but
but: almost
mm mocare
Ln,,,,i.' ', ,i y - "i, bnate
of 'hein specie!
four, digitate
; they inaresix,
subsessile
in the rest
in :aa trnete
t few,
' all of pet.Kid
tnem
O&riK IV
DECANDRIA PENTACYNIA.
\ 6. Stemleis, Styles
leavesmlddling
simple. covered with glandular hain
MW Learn
Leere Hlipt
oboralcobtuse,
refuse,Scape
Scape1-.1-fl.I ii.un
Stylessmooth.
very short, Filaments
glandular
\ emarginate
7. Stemlcss,wavy
Ixawetat edge.
2 or Ucaped,
Stallslongmnged.
\
Leafl.
S
roundish
obovate
Styles
very
and tilaments glandular
6M
ellipt emarg.withwith
a cartilaginoustnothlettcd
tonthlctted
Filam.glandular
glandular
'i . LealL
Leafl. S2 Unreolate
a eartilagir.-.us
Cilgc,edge,Kilam.
MM
with a emarg
cartilaginous
scahrous
edge,andKilam.
smooth
6*35 Loi.
Leal 2-3
S obovate
mucronate,
Styles
tilaments
glandular
8.
S/rm/rts,
Isaves
stalked,
3-leaved,
StalksScajies
not tvinged.
W>
Pulwent,
Lateral
leaflets
obliquely
olilnng
:
middle
lanceolate,
higher than petioles
Pubescent,
Leafl.
obi.
out
:: middle
uncit
at base.
Scapes
length
ofpetiole
petiole
6
Pubescent.
Leaf).
.
obt
middle
subcuiieatc.
Scapes
longer
than
Pubrsc.
I,eafl.
obL
ubt
subemarg.
Pedunc.
lunger
than
petiole
with
2
bractes
immediately
below
(
Pubescent,
obi cmarg.
Pedunc.
length
ofPeduncles
trtiolc withtwice
2 breiten
immediately
below
the cal.inthecal.
-.'I .Subhinute,
Puhrtftfit, Leafl.
I#ifl.
uhl
r.-tu-e
:
middle*
uneate.
as
lung
an
leaves
with
2
bractes
middle
Leafl. obov.
oboT. obL obt
obt. Pcd.
Pedunc. equal
petiole with
in theirtheir
middle, Style*Style*
glandular
tf
[bantoPedunc
petioles
uith 2Jashractet
bract
hairy
1*4 Subhinute,
Puliese. Leal1
obt lateralobiovale
: midd.longer
cunate,
twice
long asbelow
petiole withmiddle.
4 bracte* in midd.
06
Pubesc.
Leafl.roundish,
roundish,Pod.Pedunc.
as long
a* net.2 brades
with '.' below
hractesmid.
at base,
Calyxsimple
with and
clvate
hairs
atmixed
edgea
fuufi
Pub.
Lead,
as
long
as
pet.
with
CiL
with
glan.
hair*
tV070 Pub.
Leafl.
round
:
mid.
cun.
at
base,
IY.I
as
long
as
Ivs.
or
long,
with
2
bractec
below
mid.
Styles
very
short
Flowtn large.
lane, 1-eaves
red
beneath
_ Pubetc.
Mowers
Leaves
green
on
both
sides
Lead,
Scapes longer
than
leaf acuminate,
with 2 bractesHractes
belowalternate
the middle
6* Smimth,
Lraflobcor.roundish,
roundish
dotted,
Stipule*
dilated
MO
Pub. Leafl.
roundish.
Scapes
ne.irly
twice
as short
as petwithwith2 bractes
2 bractesinInmidd.
mid. Styles
Styles very
intermediate
<ll
Pub
Leafl.
obror.
roundish.
Scapes
thrice
as
short
as
petiole
long
gH
IVixely
pubesc
Leafl
obcordate.
Scape
longer
than
leaves
with
2
bractes
above
middle,
Cal.
obtuse
Wall,
Leafl.
obcordate,
Ca*
acute
61*
Root
creeping.
Lead. obcord.
obcoriL downv,
downy. Scape
Scape longer
longer than
than leaves,
leaves, Pot
Petalsobi.ovalunequally
ohtuw marget**
&b
Root
toothedLeaflets
creeping,obcordate,
Iêafl.
Mu
Sca[ethelonger
leaves.
i Sniorthish,
LtMflrts obcordate
smooth, Pedunc.
lengththanof the
leaves,
StylesStyles
veryvery
shortshort
J*3* *Wfl
smooth, Pedunc.
Pedunc. longer
longer than
than leaf,
leaf, Stvlee
Stvies very
intermediate
55
obcord. Uobad,
2-lobcd
smooth,
~*
emarg.
ham-,Pedunc.
Pedunc.shorter
the length
of petiole.
Styles
verylongshort, I ilam.
5 bsaflcti
i cunate
i."arg.
downy,
than
petiole
with
2
bractes
Stylesglandular
very long
linear subcunoatc emarginate, Pedunc as long as petiole, Styleat summit,
intermediate
\ 9L Leaves riliated
3 or HJeaved,
glandular
at liencath
etui.
Vi
war "aryinate
cuneiform emarginate
with Styles
many
glandsfilaments
ti*a '],nnT
with gl.uxU Iteneath,
and
glanduLir
t
i
**
'""'
""ntinate
with
2
ral)i
at
end.
Styles
very
short
BlSiv
emarginate
with
many
glands
beneath.
Styles
very
short,
filaments
glandular
I hnearemarginate with 2 glands twneath. Styles intermediate andInner
filaments
glandular
5ileaflets
S? 5L linear -'"tire
and glandular,
vervglands,
long andStyles
innerintermediate
filaments glandular
a
at the atendHkdnearly
entire withStyles
2 callous
KB
\ ^ arutwh
êt"a smooth
palmatespotted
or peltate,
manyJeavrd,
not glandularStvies
at end.very short
S LÊ ri' Lanm,|a,u'
at base.
Petioles compressed,
'..mSÊ*?L~*!LA
""" tim-ar
channelled
acute,
Stvles very
short,
Fifam.andglandular
,anc
obt"1*.
CaL
apnrossed.
Styles
very
long
filaments
glandular
6Bi Leffi,
-lanceolate
- cunateat end,
Styles intermediate
over downy
emarginate
6534
niwi Mintlianeuus Particulars.

it^L1^,^^ aofscape
OxaWsin the
or Oxys, wood Sorrel, Ac. The partial stem bearing the flower is a
CTafca^"****.
species.
Û:
tK* FKn *ccd1-. Irom
wl -;uitatc
or from
they
and grown
reit work Kuroon
has ^
KlVe
V e1"'
1X118n,little
Hr nootfteU,
wa,er
wneoarcuinety-alx
thereadily
plantspropagated,
are inarca described.
dormant
state.in light
An
ybWrnin
,
,
on
tne
Jacquin,
i which
species
that
t MMaS2itZ , tirap'.w,rt' cultivated in the Imiieria!
gardens of Schonbninn
with great All
sucees*,
5* tobecome
TbeyareliMtk,.
.
0*_Jacquin,
by
whom
the
following
directions
are
given
for
their
manage^\| , V *hl,* W1" ,|'1 a 8 man>' rnoU- T,lp eartn shoi,,tl 1x11,0 u&ht and wndy a
"^'^'""eringtiiêis
iMMnLt * V1' 1X44 *nul11
enough Place.!
not to aside,
restt where
the point
the finger
when pressed
upon; but
it ;
theyofrequire
nor moderately
water
itl.IWMmiM
.\Uiui from
the enm, > ,'ntht*
|l*'<ii'ing of1*August
they should
beplaced
in theneither
opencare
air and
,*, earlier or liter. according
i '"""'n,
or
a
little
later,
the
leaves
should
appear.
About
the
mid.de
to the weather, thev should be placed in a very sunny, airy grecuhousn,of
Cc 2
Class X.
. Britain
. 4. cor. fi S Eng. bot. 741
Ctiryophj/llea1066.
IV. Rose-
6535 AGROSTEM'MA.
Ulthago W.
L1"
Corn-cockle
<
Italy "* SS Bot mag. *
33 Jn.jl
injl Pu
W
Italia
nictee*'*ie W. common
It Italy 1596. S
33 in.s
6536 coronaria
jn.s \V
w/iite-flowered
if oror ..
alba
It Germany 1726. S r.m
double-flowered
Bot mag.
y
plena
umbvllcd
6537
Levant 1714 D s.l Bot. mag. i
smooth-leaved O rOI jl.au
6538 Fke-jvll
Ceeli-rea
Sp.
912.
Carwpktfltea?,
Lychnis.
1067. LYCH'NIS. W. carlet
1596. D n.1.1 Bot mag. 253
6539 chalcednica
W. white-flowered 3t oror 2 jn.jf Russia
Russia
alba
Russia
D p.l
2
jn-jl
double-flowered
5
or
bot .3i
viena Ragged-Robin or Hjri.s
Britain m._mc
p.l Eng.
Bot. mag.
6540y Flosciculi
China
H jn.s
5" 1|
Chinese
*
'
""
D Iii
Bot
mag.
6541
coronU
Siberia
or
splendid
.
Eng.
bot 788478
6"2
flgene
Fisc*.
Britain
or 1 my.jn
viscid
6543 viseara
plna
SC.TOC D p-l Eng. bot 2
or 1 Jlap.my F Scotland
Alpine
654*
alpina
Portugal 1778. D il Eng. bot 1579
or
6545
If.With,
small
red-flowered r 2 jn jl Pu Britain
6546 1*
diurna
sylvestris W. en. white-flowered i or 2 jn.jl W Britain wa.&fl. D Eng. bot 1580
6547 vespertina
dioica W. en.With,
). 18-69.1725. S Di.cLWn.f>l
1068. CERASTIUM. -ear Chickwked. 2 jnj
Greece
bot 7S9
6548
perfolitum
common
perfoliate
O ww i in
ean.pt SD Eng.
Britain
6549
vulgtum
O
Eng. bot 7)
Britain pas.
6550 visctum
narrow-leaved w ft I ap.8
!7
Deo
ap
e
6551
f. S. spreading
1816. SD CO Eng. bol. 16*
6552 diflusum
brachyytalumP.S.
small-flowered ww fti ap.my
mu. san.sli.
walls.
Britain
ap
6553
w* 1 mr
Scotland
S Eng. bot. ltS6
my.jn
6554 eemidecndrum
tetrindrum H. . least
tetrandrou
Britain cor.
fi. SD Eng. bot. ai
mv.au
ww fft jn-jl
field
6555
arvnse
Spain
1725.
forked
6556
dichtomum
Britain w.1816.
alp. I>D Eng. bot*'!
ww
Alpine
6557
alplnum .. oval-leaved
Carinthia
6558ovtum
Austria
1793.
DD Secar. 49t1
my.il
w
upright
6559strietum
W. suruticose w 1 my.jl
S. Europe 1796.
*"
suffruticosum
Siberia
1792.
S
2 jn.jl
nuiimuiu
rr.
6560
Siberia 1815. D Bot roag-l'1
O wW 1ft IllJ'.S
6561 maximum
dahricum
Fuck, greatest
glaucous
amptexicale
.
M.
Spain 1766. D Eng. bot 3
w 1 InJl W
656S
diolcuin Spanish
alp. Deo
ww in i W
65631atiflium
broad
'
W S.Britain
Europe w.1648,
6564
tomentsum
white
4ljE:ji
W
HungarV
1801. S PL rar. b. 1 96
6565 mnticum If. long-peduncled \j w
Caryo)
Eng. bot 538
1069.
LARBRE'A.
6566 aqutica
St. Hit.St.IBl.water. w 1 i' "V'^ Bifain wat )il D
60$
eue
Huroiy, IV-,andPrommthn,
when they will flower welL Oxalie moiiophylla
rostrata willCulture,
not, however, blossom ! in
veryC). hot
stove.
, than the Rumc
to pellte oicille
or -,
Fr., is used
as a salad
plant,
is more
saladsAcetonclla,
: its acid approaches
nearlyto
that ofthejuice
oflemons,
or the
acidand
oftartar,
Wltn(Iclicait
imli > ,
orawht
inmailt
its meilical
elliTti,
being
esteemed
refrigerant,
antiscorbutic,
ami
diuretic.
An
iiitusion
01
thirst,
byexpressed
boiling thsJuiceplv.t
in milk, properly
given in ardent
fevers,andis said
to allay
Inordinate
hea.a a."
'^Knacid
sa"
The
depurated,
evaporated,
set
in
a
cool
place,
aflbrds
crv
^
nsiderable quantity,
which
may
be
used
whenever
vegetable
acids
:irc wanted.
It is i
. irl,n
j ],,.
considerable
quantity,
which
may
be
.!
whenever
vegetable
acids
are
w
^"^"VJ
moulds
ink stains
out ofit seldom
linen, and
is sold under
name ofalkali
essential
' and'Klta peculial
...-r.iin, hieb,
-, tnisaccording
country.
salt
whenandgenuine,
which
is, consists
of thethe
vegetable
toappear,
Ilcrginan,
seems
more
allied
to
the
acid
of
sugar
than
that
of
tartar.
What
i-"<<
"J,
r'ortakig
consist part
of C.is Tart,
the addition
a small
quantity
^; (hm j;nl.
ml.lW'
out spotssometimes
in linen, theto stained
dipiicdwith
in water,
sprinkledofwith
a little
of tileolsailvitnouc
1i"e
onTwenty
a liewter
plate,orafter
spotsixis washed
pounds
loaveswhich
freshtheyield
poundsoutof with
juice,warm
fromwater.
which (Curlll.fivm
two ounces, *'"^
two dracnii, Iii 0=
scruple of salt have been obtained, (fîi.i.)
of the common c
mi&SS"**crown The
'of theforeign
field. jede,
The beauty
the flowers
eUhw
'S'êtoiuA.dlattactloii.
are veryof pretty
annuals.of tneA..o f.|cll,,,ICr
ctkery"1
5J
mental S
u'wl'
. 1
"""e"wi\h.m rnr"
cooKcry.
i ne blue
seins
The
seedsbottle
ol"ot titheicIîXffl
plant
are
plai a Githago
S
a".:
gravelly.
ftne. appearance
,
w herera,*";K
the soil is dry and
OdiiIV.
38
? 00 |<>n """. lmvc ,,
lu
w-| ,. nm (taM^ c.
ta'
fc
'
cbrtte
pMai< fciotad
out tnc joints. Limb of petal, .riy eotir, Leave linear spatulate
ffi^*-^.**,,,. Ill,,
den capitate
beb.bUWUL.tll!
Cal cp. PetaU binj
l'eÛ
erJfcuc
linear-lane,
aubeiliated
Ftaisbifid,-biHd,
Lobes narrow
diverg.
.-.r-T-,
uiverg. Caps,
Tape, round
6M7 FI (Schotomoiu panicled dioecious, Petals J-bifid, Lobes broad aoore-ximating,
Caps, conical
6 Hairy
Smoothpalefja.fi
glaucous, viicid,
Stem erect
branched
orPetals
simple,
connateobtuse
S*1
Leaves
ovate. oblong
lengthLaifttlanceolate
of calyx, FL longer
than rL-slalk
w
Hairy
viscid
diffuse,
Leaves
lanceolate
Wilsum much branched villous. Leaves ovatc-lanc hispid. Flowers numerous in dichotomou* panicles
If
O,ltc' Flowers
Flowerspeniandrous,
panicled, CaLPeUlsemarginate
villous longer than petals, Caps, scarcely longer than sepals
j Hairy
1 iljvueid,
v'cid,
toji
flower obtuse
tfld 4-auiirous,
tii I*avei
Uncu lanceolate
ciliated at Pet
base.bifid
Pet.shorter
twice than
us longcalyx
as calyx
Glutinous
hairy,
FL
solitary
in
the
dichotomies,
Sepals
lane,
acute theCa|length
of petals,
Leaves lane,
ifa
11,,<"
nallcd
01
hato.
Pandicholoraous
few-fl.
with
bractc*,
oblong
recurved
toe
ovatesmooth,
acute sultriliated
terminal
subcorymbose
to*
Uavwproatralc.
sublinear Leaves
acuminate
Peduncles smooth.
glandular,Flowers
Pet twice
as large
as calyx
fiVii Tw
VCTy
narri)W
snd smooth
i cordateovate.
Iâvw
bnc-lin.
Flowers
very large
in dichotomous
umbels. Pet t
k*i Leaves
Stemacute,
clasping,
Peduncles
in fruit
very long dcrlexcd
E-loiicd
nd fl.jov. a l
MitcfUaôm
Particular*.
^nfthePbmheWyb0nIer
flowc.
first generally increased by aeeds, and the other
ayes
of some
whirh have
Jnica, Croix de Matthe,
Jledoublc
lortug,
Crocepecies,
de Cavalire,
ltal.,sbeen
and
which
require
' and
varieties 01ofthemwnicli
SBSêSStoiSS?!verythc,thandsome
returningspecie,,
to
state,
to
propgate
by
cuttings.
I
'I'll.
:
in
a
light
rieb
lo;iniy
soil,
but
they
best
or theyifdwindle
aout'i \'Z !" li,nc of
"^dSST -.
**M
Wanted
thi" '" carlv " 4'ring." t corT
*H*S
if
planted
,
"ft,"'
minorLS"
but H require,
taken
d" ftll&tll,
l.y\" "winter wlT
i> "' "r ,nj"rc*"*
vcr-vi ml":h" "to bebe raised
va:
ften ripen 111 abundance. (Bot. . 389.)
fouita^ u^JJ1*
S"aca- U " tni >'<lttma are also border
^"Mrboih
r""?'1
Wl5!tM'dlo,'ri,b!,U.rn
10 ^l
cornute
raIule
null.hi"'
t ,k ,,h of hicli.mallthevJrJ
,m *cU
?r <ho
.
ftormmayofbelhgrown
in netsof many
or ,m
footS.'are
'reare
rew,very'
i i prolific
.."*>.
, "Iof smai,'
< The,
ii! seeds,
volume
of
Mmoires
du
Musum,
upon
" Aurergat. "nniua. He named it after the Abb de Larbre, who at the age of SO, published
'n>,7
Class X.
390
1070.
8.
6557 SPER'GU.A.
arvnsis W. W. rough-seeded
O w ijn.il W England san. fi- 8 Eng. bot
6568
pentndra
IK. smooth-seeded
O W | W Britain iahe. Dco g* bot**
6569
nodosa
W.
knotted
W Scotland scalp. D Eng. tot 21
6570 saginodes ('. smooth-awl-sh. f ww IJ n.au
jl W Britain san-he D Eug. bot.
6571 iubulta
ciated-awl-sh. w
DECAGYNIA
Sp. 6. 32. ra-A^
Cheiiapotlcj!. Mexico
1071.
PHYTOLACCA.
W.
Phytolacca.
6572octndra (
white-flowered EI or jLti
1775. H il Hotte god t!
W.G
Africa
my.jn
6573
abysslnica
W.
Afriran
.
CD
R Virginia 1615. S.1 BttWS

6574
dodecndra
W.en, recurveri-leaved^
1
or my.jn L.Pu
6575
decndra
W.
Virginian
Pokejf
cul
W
Indio. 1758.
KU ti
657(
. E?
Wo S. Amer.
1768. .
s.p L'her.
st. no.t.7t
6577 icosndra
dioica W. '.red
tree
CD oror
6565
60
1070.
1*** Propagation,
Culture,
farmer
Holland,
."Catt?'
" calters
seeds abroad,
great profit
of I1*
weed inineandy
soils,who
in SoobtaiiS'fwim
"
' mcadowstea,"t
affording
the mostludelicious
butter.to S.thearvensis
is a common
sowninonautumn
com stubbles
either
or spring
most
nourishing.
In proportion
irf'it,inS"!-n
or F"'
or s**".
Von Thacrandobserves,
it Itis has
the
been
recommended
bccultivai
i- 6', .J i"7'
butter.
of seed and labour intothis
count>H.
' ,raee.
but " "nd
not gives
''| the
thatbest
suchflavored
a plant milk
can ever pay
the pense
IWwS bt'tu'r P'ante for such soils
Poorest soil ; or at all events, as Professor Martyn observes,
red coior likâc' 'known
aS!~''
'""Sthat u to' .
P'' iswhoj.
(rait givesof out
a ne
in Virginia! ace' >aDPued
one species,
a corruption
Poem,the
Pnda!a,'hl
T
Ave
inrh
l*g
US?*,
half
an
inch
in
diameter,
and
five
or
six
feet
high
tete
deep toi. ana furnishes ample lu II .5 "1' !moo,n an<1 "f a 1> green. It grows vigorously in a (-nod
nd eaten a,
(iCra , 7V"00'?. h " m America and tRo West Indies are lM
IV.
DECANDIUA PENTAGYNIA.
S9I
Ii.'
ilil Kr
ii ;
u Si1 a
tan Mtadmu,
5S*""tcd'0U pmtamraiii
ni" ""Wnflhe dried rom u -
~
"" ^^.
Serbia,4,,
mg
method IM ta Itan a.P'f'' ll>"n -

* the juice of Ihetanta of ,h >n' ' "Y1" " vtr>'
U.a. SSir^ft,^
392
Class XI.
DODEC ANDRIA.
CLAss XI. - DODECANDRIA.
12 STAMENs.
This is a small incongruous class, containing no extensive genus of importance except Euphorbia. Some
botanists have been of opinion that it ought to be cancelled, but it is probable that Linnaeus understood the
application of his own principles as well as some of his more pretending followers, and it is certain that if
the
Linnean plan can be made to act successfully, its artificial arrangement must be rigorously observed.
Euphorbia and Reseda, which are usually referred hither, should more properly be referred, the former
to Monoecia, and the latter to Polygamia.
Order 1.
MONOGYNiA.
$#
12 Stamens. 1 Style.
1072. Asarum. Cal, 3-4-cleft, superior. Cor. O. Capsule coriaceous, crowned.

1073. Bocconia. Cal.2-leaved. Cor. O. Style bifid. Caps. 2-valved, 1-seeded.
1074. Bassia. Sepals 4. Cor. 8-cleft, with an inflated tube. Stamens 16. Drupe 5-seeded.
1075. Blakea. Sepals 6, inferior, with a superior entire calyx. Petals 6. Caps. 6-celled, many seeded.
1076, Bejaria., Cal. 7-cleft. Petals 7. Stamens 14. Berry 7-celled, many-seeded.
1077.
1078.
1079.
1080.
1081.
1082.
1083.
1084.
Agathophyllum. Petals 6. Calyx truncate. Drupe 1-seeded.

Rhizophora. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. 4-parted. Sti
s2. Seed 1 very long, fleshy at base.
Garcinia. Sepals 4, inferior. Petals 4. Berry
ed, crowned by the peltate stigma.
Grangeria. Cal. 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 15. Drupe 3-cornered. Nut 3-cornered, bony, 1-seeded.
Halesia. Cal. 4-toothed, superior. Cor. 4-cleft. Nut quadrangular, 2-seeded.
Decumaria. Sepals 8-12, superior. Petals 8-12. Caps. 8-celled, many-seeded.
Eurya. Cal. 5-leaved, with 2 bractes at base. Petals 5. Caps. 5-celled, many-seeded.
Aristotelia. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Style trifid. Berry 3-celled. Seeds twin.
1085.
Cal. 3-lobed. Petals 5. Anthers. 16, united to an urceolate nectary. Berry 1-celled,
*".
2-4-seeded.
1086. Crataeva.
Petals 4.
Cal. 4-cleft.
iosi. Triunfetta. Petals 5 sepals 5. Capsule hispid, opening in four.
1088.
1089.
1090.
1091.
Pegamum. Petals 5. Sepals 5, or O. Capsules

-valved, many-seeded.
Hudsonia. Petals 5 Sepals 3, tubular. Stamens 15. Capsules 1-celled, 3-valved, 3-seeded.
Nitraria. Petals 5, vaulted at end. Cal 5-cleft. Stamens 15. Drupe 1-seeded.
Portulaca. Petals 5. Cal.2-fid. Capsule 1-celled, cut across.
1092.
Petals 5. Sepals 2. Capsule 3-6-valved, many-seeded. Leaves without stipules. Secds
not winge.
1093. Anacampseros. Like Talinum, but having stipules and winged seeds.
1094. Lythrum. Cal. 12-toothed, tubular, unequal at base. Petals 6, inserted in calyx. Caps, 2-celled,
many-seeded.
1095. Nesaca. Like Lythrum, but calyx campanulate.
1096. Heimia. Cal. 12-toothed. Petals 6. Capsule 4-celled.
#"
MONOGYNLA.
1072. A SARUM. W.
6578 arifolium Mich.
6579 europae'um W.
AsARABAccA.
arum-leaved
Common
if A cu
y: A m
y: A cu
6580 canadnse W.
Canadian
6581 virginicum W.
sweet-scented A cu
*1973, Bocco. NIA. W.

6582 frutescens py.
$6583 cordta W.
Aristolochiae. Sp. 4-5.

jn
Br
N. Amer. 1823. D. p.l Hook, ex. fl. 40
# my
P
England woods. D p.1 Eng. bot 1083
: ap.jl Br
Canada 1713. D. p. Bot. cab. 889
: ap.my Br
Papaveraceae.
BoccoNiA.
Tree Celandine * D or 10 jalap

heart-leaved
Sy a or
W.Y
Virginia 1759. D p.l Sweet fl. gard.18

Sp. 2-3.
w'ind, 1730.
6 my...au W.Y. China
S. r.m. Bot. cab. 83
1795. C s.l.
Bot. mag. 1905
'%'.
-
".
1073. Asar".
An ancient
name,
to have
beensoformed
privative,
andberuga,
bandage,
it
used in garlands
of which
thesaid
ancients
were
fond; infrom
that2,case
it should
Asrum.
Thebecause
common
name, bacca, is Latin, qu : the berry of Asarum? Little inconspicuous herbaceous plants. The leaves of
was not
A. europ'um are emetic, cathartic, and diuretic, and, perhaps, as Dr. Cullen has remarked, they form the
most useful species of errhine stimulants. A proper dose up the nose for a few successive evenings at
Class XI.
DODECAN DRIA. .
393
1097. Cuphea. Cal. 6-12-toothed, occasionally gibbous at base. Pet. 6, inserted in calyx, or O. Caps. 1-celled,
opening on one side longitudinally along with the calyx.

1098. Kleinhovia. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Nect. pan'ate, 5-toothed, staminiferous, united to the column
of ovary. Ovary stalked. Caps. with 5-angles and 5-cells inflated, cells 1-seeded.
-
Order 2.
DIGYNIA.
'%
1099. Callicoma. Flowers in round heads. Calyx 4-5-leaved. Corolla O.

1100. Heliocarpus. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Styles simple. Caps. 2-celled, compressed, radiating on each side
ongitudinally.
1101. Agrimonia. Cal 5-toothed, surrounded by another. Petals 5. Grains 2, in the bottom of the calyx.
Order 3.
TRIGYNIA.
1102. Reseda. Involucre many-leaved spreading. Hermaphrodite flower central, apetalous, surrounded
by several fringed petaloid barren flowers.
1103. Euphorbia. Involucre 1-leaved, ventricose, regular. Flowers naked, aggregate. Female floret
surrounded by many monandrous male florets.
1104. Pedilanthus. Like Euphorbia, but involucre calceiform.
1105. Wisnea. Cal. 5-leaved, inferior. Petals 5. Stigmas 3. Nut 2-3-celled, half inferior.
Order 4.
1106.
caugonum.
4-cornered. Styles 4.
&
Cal. 5-parted. Corolla O. Filaments about 16, united at base.

Nut with a many winged crust, 1-celled.
Order 5.
"'
TETRAGYN1A.
PENTAGYNIA.
Ovary superior,
Gtinus. Sepals 5. Cor. O. Nectary with bifid bristles.
Caps. 5-angular, 5.cclled, 5-valved, many
seeded.
1108. Blackwellia. Cal. 1-superior, persistent, at the base turbinate, many-parted; with villous ciliated
segments. Petals 15. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded.
1109. Gastonia. Cal. entire. Petals 5-6. Stam. 10-12: two opposite each petal. Styles 10-12, very small,
united at base.
Capsules 10-12-celled.
Order 6
1110. Sempervivum.
DODECAGYN1A.
Cal. 12-parted.
12 Stamens.
12 Styles.
Petals 12. Caps. 12, many-seeded.
MONOGYN.I.A.
6578 Leaves subhastate cordate, Calyx tubular shortly trifid

579 Leaves reniform obtuse twin
6580 Leaves reniform mucronate
6581 Leaves cordate obtuse smooth stalked
6582 Leaves oblong sinuated

6583 Leaves cordate somewhat lobed
bed time occasions a copious discharge from the nostrils, which continues to flow for several days. (London
Dis
tory, 185: The herb was formerly cmployed to correct the effects of excessive drinking, whence
in French it is still called cabaret.
1073. Bocconia.
In memory of Paolo Boccone, M.
't a Sicilian, and Cistercian
monk under the name of
Sylvius; author of icones et Descriptiones rariorum Plantarum Siciliae, Melitar, Gallia, et Italia; pub
Class XL
DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
394
Sapotea. Sp. E.24.Indies 1811. p.1 Lan.
1.
1074.
iV.sl BASTIA.
longiflta W.W. long-leaved
jQ.r
broad-leaved or 40 ... Y E. Indies 1799. p.l Ros. cor. Lt IS
6585 lalillia
Melattomex.
Sp. 14. 1789.
1075.
BI.A'KEA.W. W. three-ribbed
Blakra. JQor 14 jn.jl
\V Jamaica
6586 trinrvia
Bhodorocece.
Sp.
13.
Brjaria.
1076.
BEJA'RIA.
Ph.
sWcet-sccntcd l_|or 4 jnjl Pu Florida 1810.
6587 racemsa Ph.
1077. AGATHOPHYI/LUM. W. MADAnASCAR-NtrrMEC.
6588 aromticum IV. aromatic
D or JO
1078.
RHIZOTHORA.
W.
Mamcrove.
1-. 180.
6589 Man'gle W.
common
cu 10 Khmphoroc. ESp.Indies
1079. GARCItilA. W. Mancosteem. I ft; SO Gutlijerec.
18.
... Pu Sp.Java
' i W.
1080.
GRANGE'RIA.
Lam.
Gramgeria.
6591 borbnica Lam. Bourbon
t I I or 40
1081. HALE'SIA. W. four.wingcd
Snowdrop-Tree.
two-winged il
i W. W.
10S2.
DECUMA'RIA.
Deccmaria. 4
6594
Ph. Ph. smaller
6595 brbara
sarmentosa
larger
_
1083.
EU'RYA.
Thunb.
6596 chinnsis Abel.
1084.
W.shining-leaved
Aristotelia
6597 ARISTOTE'LIA.
Mcqui W.
1085.
CANEL'LA.
W.
6598 lba W.
History,andUte,other
Propagation,
.
hihcd
by Morrison
at Oxford, 1764,
quarto,
B.Culture,
frutescens
ishave
very been
ornamental
in its "*
1 he!
Indian
kings,,Hcrnandci
tells
us,
planted
it inis acrid,
theirworks.
gardens,
which
must
for
itsoff.warts.
beauty.
" ,
"''""
medicinal,
though
the
juice
and
used
in
the
West
Indies
to
take
. S8*'Ba'â,;
80
n"med
b?
Knig,
in
honor
of
Ferdinando
Bassi,
curator
of
the
botanic
, trec. natives of the hottest parts of the East Indies, with tufted alternate leaves groning ".
end of the SshooU.
cuttings Browne,
root freelvafterin sand.
,, f,
.at the
, is;
namedRipened
by Dr. Patrick
Mr. Martin Blake of Antigua, a great PPrf
useful knowledge, and a patron of the doctor's Natural History of Jamaica. This is one of the most &>
grows gradually more robust, and at length acquires a pretty moderate stem, which divides into ' ~
1so great
declining
beautiful
on allin loam
sides. andIt peat,
cannotwelldi.pl!
advantagebranches,
in our well
stovessupplied
; but itwith
flowers
freely,roiy
aidblossoms
thrives well
supplied<J
win
imc
S'P0?1"'^
root
in
sand
in
moist
heat
and
covered.
.
< v 7S*ma,- ""named by Mutis, in honor of Bejar, a Spanish botanist The original species ._.,
areinai
from
Grenada.
That
in feet
gardens,
which
is a native
of the southern
America,
shrub
three toand
fourrequires
high,
with pink
agreeablestates
scent.of North
It is found
uponuithes I
W""
swamiis
and ponda
the protection
offlowers
a frameoforangreenhouse.
.'W.
AeatliophyllHm.
rom
In Madagascar,
where
it 1'Isarc
called
oi good, and , a leaf. The
insipid
wood. The
leaves
alternat
emitted
?
V'
J** terSr.GMwhP
\\
evened
the East
orange
longthatT
out of~
rank,intowith
with
that Indiex
of the
"' ffi"
fc ^cho,
hke
.h w" ''ending
lu<e that
7*,c\m
i 'cl,cs',hp
not
un,ikIndies
' *-*.
oval
leaves,
straw^^'eh
the^'^
?rmegranate,
the
Insi
;
thc
fit
round,
the
sise
of
a
middling
Island..
"L*"'1 'he ha,"ft
grapj J lodee<l,
. b27" !"'lpJ
" ofn"Dr>
divi"i flavor,
thinpartaking
partition.,ofasthein
Irabo
eemedsurrounded
one of thebyrich?
" delicious
P.'per for Mw,
ad Ck!
an,?.ft'""
Java
Ld M,'|
~ 71ui 'h'1
",<1of th"
" "'
nali
of ,ncform
""""^
-V2*
leaves
so
beau?ul
h,'
n
of A
5?<1 aftor.ling an agreeable ,h !* '""k"1 upon In Batavia the
the tree mort
*>") " it i mSSSo. most delicious
' ofintroduce,!
to
Kigl.vld
in
!
the East Indiaii fruits, a
- O. I.
SM
" ' " J in penlded

obture entire jmooth
orate entire smooth veiny
^^, Ficer. iUar,

Wie.
S V E a!"||1"' axilla,
OODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
39$
1086. CRATJE'VA. W. Garlick-Pear.
Cap/mriitee.
512. 17f
W.pu Sp.
Jamaica
thin-leaved
659! 'lVi|a
gvniulraW. IV.
India
smooth
& Leone 17i
17!
50UI frjjrani H. . sweet-scented %_
TUiacete.
9391087.
TRIUMFETTA.
W.prickly-seeded
Tricmpetta.*
ILau Y.oSp. Jamaica
GOti
I^ppuU
W.
E. Indies
17
.0
6603
Bartrmia W.W. mallow-leaved
Currant-leav'd H
Indios
1"
V W.
eemitrloba
W.
Indies
6815
grandiflora
W.
large-flowered
E India is:
Hi
6f06an'nua
W.
annual
Peru 18.
6607
rhomboldea Jaca.
rhomboidal *
18*,
fit*
macrophylla
VahL
large-leaved
Nepal
IS1.
0
Lint hairy-branched
Nepal m
6610 trichoclda
oblongata Watt
oblong
Rotcea.
Sp.
2.
1068.
PE'GANUM.
W.
. 4 ctt 1 iL. W Spain
6611 HArmala W.
Syrian-Rue
GttlS daricum If.
Milkwort-lvd. 5 cu 1 )L W Siberia
1089.
Hunsovi*. . .
I Cuttnete.
myjl Sp. N.1. Amer. 18t
6613 HUDSO'NIA.
cricolde* W. F. Heath-leaved
1090. NITRA'RIA. W. Nitraria.
13. IT
1} FicoUle.
my.au P. Sp.Siberia
6614 Schoben W.
thick-leaved tt
4>812.
Portulacc.
tl091.
PORTULA'CA.
W.
Purslanb.
Amer, lfi
fil-i
sativa
H.H.S. S. garden
U au.1 Y S.Europe
cul
516
olercea
YY Jamaica 1715
small
cul I jn.jl
6617
parvif61ia
11
S,
smalUlearcd
au
O
cu
W. Indies 1617
miH
pilosa W. W. hairy
m
Y E.R Indiea
>I9
quadrifida
au s Pk
cree)>ing
\JT,
cu ilin
Indiea 17
KO
Meridiana
IK.
Y
noonday
pr
i
rayjn
Kl folisa Lindl.
Y Guinea lb
O pe Un
'i Unk. Guinea
)n Y
t*1092.
round-leaved
Portulaceec. Sp.
Talinum.
6 TALI'NUM.
teretiflium
Psfi.
A6 r. 1818
11 au
Pu N.
Chili
324
cilitum
R.
&
P.
ciliated
au
Pu
6625
triangulare
W.W. triangular I au.1 W W. Indica 1718
6626
crasaiflium
thick-leaved _#
S27
patens
W.
OS. _ir 11 au.1
au.o RR S. Amer. 17
328 renexum 8. spreading-How.
yellow-flower.
1 BU.0 Y & Amer. 18
1093.
L. Anacampsero*.
57.
29 ANACAMP'SEROS,
rotundiflia
. M. round-leaved
. i j JiU Pk Sri
c7o. h. 17
Talinum nacampterot
W.
6630 arachnodes
B. M. cobweb
tt. 1 le I JU Pk G. H.
6631
rftbens
Haw.. M. red-leaved
H.
- I I cu 1 f JU>
R C.G.
S2
filamentsa
C. G. H.
au.a Pk
6633 lanceolata
Haw. thready
spear-leaved
Pk C. O. H.
6*U
6018
History, Ute, Propagation, Couvre,
1086.
Cratteva.
In
honor
of
Cratrevux,
a
Greek
andwithcontemporary
American
name, produces
a fruit
aboutthat
the feed
siae ofunbotanist
anitorange,
a mealy
pulpola
which
is
communicated
to
the
animals
All
the
species
prefer
increased
by cuttings So
in sand
under
aPlumier,
hand-glass.
1W7. atTrmtnfetta.
by Romanus,
in1681,memory
of Giov.
Battista
Trim
Kanlc-n
Home,
author
ofnamed
Hortus
and
other
works.
T.inland
semitrili
which
serves
fur
rolles
and
other
conveniences
of
that
kind
in
the
par:
wnoie plant is mucilaginous and emollient Cuttings root in sand under a hani
umltmt ""d-Kkc shrubs of tropical countries.
ilight
isiL
ami! .
of theThe
rue,species
whicharetheofmodem
(""""Vwasofthe
lhGreek
speciesname
ao called.
easy cu
an!!
80111.1,
na">ed wiKcanu
by Linnicus,
in honor ItofisWilliam
Hudson,
apot
.autl(i,'i'!*?T'
.'ut
i/ia.octav
unTSim^S^^^J?.?
nôdwo.
a
heath.like
plant
wh
.
glass.
It
is
extremely
rare
in
gard
vegetables
Thik
i.w
nnIlt4i
Schreber,
who
first
found
it
in
Siberia
near
the
....,
.
named
by
Schrelior.
Br.
berries, thouil .,h '',cuu" thorny shrub, peculiar to the salt deserts of Siberia,n
only luxury vauuis
cZi toed
. on""mid,
are eaten
in thehadCaspian
desert,
but years
in thatbt
the twigs.
Limucus
the shrub
twenty
Ordir I.
j.
;
397
m iunaod, re, Flowers gynandrous

m
->
ovario.
m SS&SV?*"*!
Stem M> tor. regular,*1P
Petal,f"
er,""""'ish
long wavy, Fedunclc.
capitate-racemose
Learn
ernarginatc
at undivided
base. Flowers without calyx
Leares entire
at batelobed.
Mlm
half three
Flowers oompletc
hairy
rhomboid
: theentire
uppermlanceolate
ovate. Flowers complete
~,
, orate
thomboid:
1
OM Lore,
Lean
cordate
unequally
serrated
late
downy
glandular
at
baae,
Fl.
complete
Sio
"
"rlate
7-nerved
tSSS^l.
hairy.t. Flowers
U) U Lavesoblong
Leak i*nUnne serrateo-ncrved
.,-T^vetl
= i acuminate
softly hairy,serrate
El terminal
clusteredclustered
11 Leaves
StemStem
herbaceous
6
Leaves multifid.
oblong acule,
herbaceous
.
6Leare
tubulate
hall?,
Calyx
erect
pubescent
I"'
'" :i Leaves entire obtuse
S15 Leave* wedge-shaped fleshy, FI. sessile. Stem and branches nearly erect
6616
Leave*
wedge-ihapcd
fleshy,Leave*
Ft. sessile,
Branchesminute
prostrate
6617
Much branched
prostrate,
wedge-shaped
fleshy,terminal
Fl. on long stalks ami sessile
6618
Leaves
lubuLatc
alternate
hairy
at
the
axilla-,
Rowers
sessile
6619
Bractc*
4,
Flowers
Hid,
Joints
of
the
stem
hairy
ffi)
Leave, tubulate.
elliptical fleshyhairy,
flat. Joints
hairy,many-leaved.
Flowers ewileFlowers
terminal
1 Axils
Lcm-s
Involucre
66SS
hairy, LeavesCal.(Aversely
oblong, Involucre
8-leaved about 3, Petals reluse
- :.
ft.
Leaves
cylindrical
fleshy,
Corymbs
terminal
stalked
&2*
Leaves
linear
oblongwedge-shaped
ciliated,
Flowers
solitary
. .
fia
Leav
flatchann.
emarg.
mucronato.
simple with -cornered peuimeio
Leava
Bat
obovate
mucronate,
Corymb
long,
Peduncle
3-cornered
87
Leaves lane
ovateovate
flat. Panicle
terminal,Panicle
Peduncle
dichotomou*
Leaves
senile opposite.
branched
8Leavesovate diflbrm smooth green, Peduncles round long panicled
WO Leaves ovate acuminate diffbnn green shining cobwebbed, Raceme simple, Pedunclea round long
6121
ovate acuminate
diflbrm
shining cobwebbed dark-red,
. Threads
simple, axillary
Pediinc. longer
very Ions
6. ham
Leavesimbricated
expanded
dark-green
than le:iv,*
66M
IsCivci lanceolate fleshy
convex
beneath,cobwebbed
Scapeleafyrugose
short above,
1-flowcred
(G29
i
^ Jurng li
ten Jean, havinjr n ^ MiKeUaKCOU* Particulars,
^tl that
wilh"
w^li!Hi5SS
at Upeal, hethisat length
succeeded by
'fi?*'
nSn
ullt f'i"'11'*08?11
howeverin thc^0vn
atfr liottingen
,^nt quantity, or there
may ^ anl?i
makin8 without
: but P"'1"-*Mabtanoe,
il lk** "tMurray
KrovV
'"thU country it
plc ,iarvcet m that ^'t ". of plants that answer the ame
"S baod-JS n 11 1 with Ht** alt put round it, and is increased by layers, or
the easiest
culture,
'^^''^
potherbs, salads, for garnishing* andd ofpick
pickling,
though
now
^"'1^^
mvontcd
Adanson,
which
probably
were
the
re
mere
creations
'haca
'
Reculent genus allied in habits to PortlUaca, .- d of the easiest
the quality toof
>in.mua sandy
m- .iiii.it
unmixed
. riboted
with
.himany,
from
^,
loam
a littlebeiiiK
lime
should
tw
laid
to
dry
a
few
days
I a few days, and then planted, willW'fore
root, and
Class XI.
DODECANDRA MONOGYNIA.
398
Salicart.
Sp.
510.
1094.
LYTHHUM.
W.
Ltthrum.
il au Pu
bot WW
6634.
Salicria
common
or 45 jn.s
Pu Britain
Austria riv.1776.ba. I)D Eng.
Bot mag
lu
6635
virgtumPh.W.W.
fine-branched 5fc lAI
N. Amer. 1812. D s.1 Bot mag.
6636altum
3
my.n
Pu
winged-stalked
or
Amer watpl
1812. lS s.1s.1 Eng. bot
white-flowered ^ or 14 jtau W N.England
6ti37
Lineare
W.
6638 hy-wpiflium W. Hyssop-leaved or 1 au Pu
*1095.
NESiE'A.Kunth.
Kunth. three-flowered i or Saicariie. Sn.23.
6639 triflra
2 au America 1802. D p.1
Lythrum
trftforum
66 verticillta Kunth. W.
whorl-flowered 3t or 2 jl.s Pu N. Amer. 1759. D p.1
1096. 1. LhJc. willow-leaved
Uli i a. or 5 Saiicariee.
au.8 Y Mexico 1821. p.]
6641 ealiciflia XJnft.
Saiicarve.
719. 1776. .! Sw. .,. ganl f
1097.
CU'PHEA.
Jacq.
CUPHEA.
1 jLau
Pu Sp.America
6642
viscosssima
IP.
clammy
lQ|
or
' iU .pu Mexico lSlfc S s.1 Bot reg.
6643 procmbens Cav. procumbent
Pu Jamaica
Mexico 1796.
6644
lanceolate
1789. s.1s.1s.1 Bot mag
6645
decandra
H.//.u,
K.K. smooth-styled
decandrous
n. CT
oror jao Pu
Pu
S. Amer. 1820.
1821.
6646
circipoldee
Cirea-like
Pu
Trinidad
p.1 Bot cab. m
6647
muttiflra
I.o'irf.
Guiana 1823. p.1 Bot reg. &
6648 Melvlla i/itU. many-flowered
scarlet & green H.* I) pror V.
1098.
KLEINHOTIA.
W.
Kleiniiofia.
^'indict 180a p.1 Car. dis.5. UM
6649HepU W.
heart-leaved or
DIGYNIA.
CALLI'COMA.
Callicom.
eerrtiflia It IL saw-leaved \ | or 4 my.au Y JS. W. 1793. e.p Bot rep. 56S
lioo. americnua
HELlOCAR'PUa
W. '
12.
_ p.1, LamilLt*
, . . ,/e
... Pu Sp. VcraCruzlTSS.
W. American
LU or 16 TUacete.
6651
AGRIMONY. m Rosacea?.
1101.
69. bor. fi. D Eng. bot. 133)
jn.jl Y Sp. Britain
6652 AGRIMO'NIA.
EupatriaIK. W. W.common
1640.
DD
odorta
YY Italy
ta
aweet-sccnted
4 orr 4 i1
Levant
1737.
rpena
W.
6tiS4
creeping
5
N.N. Amer.
1766.
D
small-flowered . or 2 jl
parviflra
JV.
Y
ara
Amer.
1812.
6656 atrita I'll

W Italy 1739 DD CoL ecp. 1. U
white-flowered
orM 2Il jn.au
three-leaved 3i
jn au
6637
TRIGYNIA.
110.
RE'SEDA.
W.
.
6658
Lutcola Link.
If.
Dyer'e-weed
6639 crispta
curled
6617 '
14. J lbS JinZbf1''
History,
Use,
Propagation,
OUIure,
likc.tom
"
loodf
in
llusi
t0
thl!
*
of the flower*
Salicaria
varieties,lid'rn ri i- V""n"n Britisn plant, i. considered a handsome
bonier L.flower,
and wll.
several
!!: and Sing! "
'mm
The whole plant i. astringent, and has been used
ting^shed'''' "1 f<erly referred to Lythrum, from which they seem to be satisfactorily dis.
^^^^^^^^' "' Dr' Hcim' a celcbrated Be"n 1",*'""' A bcauU'U *
Plm?;
its capsule. Pretty
shrubby
eocriiieiraermdin/?^"^""'g L>'tntum "4>e<*.in trence
C. MelvUlatoisthea form
very of
handsomfstove
shrub herbaceous
reseinblii.g orBouvaniu
Th?leavlcwh bruwlMnam'i|1 LV"am'KleinhntT, formerly director of the botanic garden, in '
%? ^^^^tÛbe~to^m a|,ppar
the- ,.
4
and
appear
irwo
;
'lt
,n
au
118
lirent
stages.
Cuttings
root
sand under
a Itand-glass.
toThlr^Tj .From
beautifu", and
hair,
inin allusion
to the
turted yellow heads of flnwen,
flower*,
w ^,,limtlireraitk' Ripened cuttings
cuttingiTroot in sand under
a hand-glass.
lM,ntw ciliated
e,t valves
valves
of
its
round
and
elegantly
cC
SlW.
^rom^.thesun,
and
,
the
'
"
sun,
^,
,
fruit.
The
v
of
sand iunder a hand-glass ; andeu~
W
Smd^ th?0aiU
"unafter
'"nd by its ray! Cuttings root inin sand
vegetate
tlOl.
ArrtStS'11^
aft,'r
being
kept
ten
years.
riv.
"- AA Corruption
of"the word' airjiwsoisiT, by which name the ancients distinguished a_jbrt
corruptio
cataract
of
t
rîlueSeS;*?!*?
"J ,.".
the -ye. which toc
in* GreekVa*
termed but
nrgtmo.
Matenai Me'ea,
MeiSSn?^
mA Iotatruent.;
though AstdlEui
^n^\Z?fn*
is seldom or nevcr4rMcribed.J
tbe flowers I
Otnla I.
399
ft\.4 Leaves
opp.
cordatePanicle
lanceolate,
Flower*
spiked 12-androut
6Ri5
Leaves
opp.
virgate,
wen
3 together
('',<; Leaves
Lear opposite
opp. lane
ovatelinear,
obL acute
cordate
athexandrout
bate12-androua
closely scatile,
Branche! 4-winged, FL ax il. 1. fi-androiia
66j7
Flowers
opp.
es aiteroat linear. Flower* hexandrout
8 Smooth, Leaves opp. lubaeaaile lanceolate entire, Pedunc axill. oppoaltc, Head 3-flowered
6 Learn opp. somewhat downy stalked, Flowers whorled linear
6&tl Lease* linear-lanceolate acute, Flowen axillary
ff-ti FlBrimaxSLbetsolitary,
leaves orate-lanceolato
scabrous
above.
erect stalks
hispid. Style hairy
rtHJ
decumbent
leaves
lanceolate
hispidStem
on short
KHFlaxilLsoL
bra.Leaves
lane,viscous,
hairy, and
Stem
erectovate
hairy.
StyleStem
smooth.
The
4 Hlongdecandrous
fllam. having atuft [than
ofwool longer
SHS
llaceroe
term.
ellipl
branches
pubeac.
shrubby,
flE*i
Raceme
term.
Fedcela
scattered,
Braetoa
linear.
Leaves
ovate
stalked
pubescent
6647
lanceolate,
smallat Military
tt Leaves
Leaves small
lanceolate
scabrousFlowers
narrowed
each end,tormina),
RaccmeaBush
term.compact
Ca). long bowed, Petal*
09 smooth tree, Ith broad cordate acuminate entire leave*
DIGYNIA.
50 The onlyspecie*
6l The only species
5 E!1
M Cau!ine
,earo* pinn.
withleaflets
obi. ovate
Spike*
elevated,
Pet astwice
^
J"1!1
hispid,
leavespinnate
with obL
the leaflets,
lowerSpike*
veiny
short,
PetPetals
twice
longasasaslong
calyxasa*calyx
mi
fruit
hispid,
Cauline
leaves
pinnate
with
obL
leaflets,
eubeeesilc.
3
time*
long
KPfi
hl*Pld.
Cauline
leave* pinnate
withfurrowed
many lanceoL
leaflets,
Petal* hall' as long again a* calyxcalyx
PgMsM
vnxate,
Fruit
reflexed
turbinate
crowned
with
hair*
o^truUsmooth, 0 ~
TRIGYNIA.
leaves
lane,
entire
with
a
tooth
on
each
side atatIwoe,
l*" cslanceolate wart entirewith two glands
DMCal. 4-fid
NhsM ?Sl2E!!M*a ,WnCn the plant is coming into dower it will dye wool a full nankeen color,
^^***. "STjlibc itw ydloW- U hai been used for dressing leather. Sheep and goats eat it,
1KB. AVardd.
i_ to. appease. The _Latins
. thought it useful as a topical application
.... in
liruuM Vmm
? .rw!io>j-'.10 calm.
mow 1i 1 Agriculture.
i 41S1 a d,mntive
of IuU-,^
yellow,
is used by* dyers, especially
in France. (Chaptal's
TO*
..
1...;,ful yellow
dye for
cotton,Tliewoollen,
ailk
der
toplant,
become
green.
yellow mohair,
coloris ofi>ulled
the
NIolwE^ : fSK <*mn of
entire
when
it isfirst
aboutplants
dowering,
-_
Swayne
observes,
that
it
is
one
of
the
which
grow
i out
of r"il1 I"1*- It flowers in June and July. The root anil bottom leaves are formed
ft,*n
[he
fall,.,,
M
?
,
J
f"
waniol, whilst thV\ Tt- w,,nter f aml thus it happens In this, as in many other cases, that the wild plant it
[ii-wting
Unna-us-,, thai h 1 sf,kl'K^'wing
fromfollows
seeds sown
in theofspring,
is annual.whenIttheis sky
an observation;
11 oiirht toward, ihi. BMl in- t,1R
morning,t,ftoflowers
the south
at the
noon,courte
westwardthe insun.theeven
afternoon, and to itthecovered
north
"*
to *
thu^li?01^
and '1Thefavorite.
The
flowersdemand
are highly
odoriferous,
and and
thereplacing
arc veryin
'ironies,
and
|Z
ol|ennve.
plant
is
in
great
in
1-ondon
for
rooms
TOBtanUtre- , an tensivo article of culture among tho florists and market (
The crop
for March, April, byandexposure
May, should be
fromi thlt
earlytowing
froste,wiltlikenotthesutler
winter crop ; theytoarerain,to
Cu XI.
DODECANDUIA TRGYNIA.
11
nia US
D
J
^ un 11 myjl
hoary
Ap C. . H. 1774.- 1) sJI Pl. aim. Ulli. C
my.jl *P
glaui-ous
J lAJu
fil
glaca
fr.IV.
Flax-leaved
iLI
"
14
au
Ap
6662
dlptala
Tencrifte 1815. S alal a.p.
1 au.s
Brooin-like . i 1 un
ftKJ
France 1787.
6664 ruria
eesamodeefrtiuss.
IV. spear-leaved
un 1 jl.au
Spain
18 S 11 Jack-. S471
Lau Ap
6665
riresceiis
Horn.
green
un
Spain
Ap
tL
i
1
Un
1
6666
fruticulea
W.
S. Europe 1794.
1596. alal Lob.icS2
Ap
un 3 my.o
upright-white 5 eu
66t>7tba
W.
Egypt
1824.
Hn.au
663
pruintSea
Delisle.
frosted
i
Spain
1739. D 4,1al Bar. rar. l
Ap
wave-leaved
5 \ I un
666!)
undta W.W.
l n au Ap Spain ISIS
6670bn"mntn
bipinnate-leav.
.
un
S
D al
Spain
1816V
Ap
0671
saxtilis
.
rock
i
un
H
Spain 181 I) alal Eng. tat. 1
n.au Ap
6672 ramoeisVima ff. branching un t Lan
Ap
6673
ltea
W.
Rase-rocket
5
Q)
un
s
SS alal JacausttlS
6674
Phytema . trilid
un
Lind. !
1791.
II.H Ap
Ap
6675
mediterrnea
un .}*
S . Bot mag. 29
1752.
6676frutrtccnt
odorta ff. W. Mediterranean
Mignonette
ILO Ap
ft
!
tree-mignonetU:tL \ | or a.0 Ap Egypt 17SS. S r.m Bot reg. 227
p. Sp. 135lea sJ Plant, grasa 1!
ti103.
EUPHOR'BIA.
SPURGB. . ] gr * Euphorbien
H. 179*.
jn.au Ap CO.
6677
uncinta
Dec. ff. twln-splnod
al Rb.mal.2t
EE. Indies
Indies
1768.
]gr
9
jl.au
Ap
upright-triang.
tv
6678
trigna
Haw.
1688. ap
]]gr
gr 9 jl.au
Ap
6679 antiqurum Hato. prcatling.trian.fll
E
Indies
1804.
jLau
Ap
marbled
#1
6680
lctea
.
ap
so Plant gra- If
1697
nir.ap Ap
Ap Canarios
6681
canarinsi
W. seven-angled
Canary
ai ] gr 203 jLn
ap Brad, suc 2 I1731.
G.
H.
6682
heptagna
W.
ap
17:.
C.t. Ci.G. H.
al
6683 enneagna //i. nine-angled
3
JI.0
ap Com.pr*Lt9
1750.
.BL ' 22 jl.au
6684 cereiformia
mammillrisKW. warty-anglcd
Bur. afr.t9.S
17.il. t' ap
Africa
G. H.H. .w.
G685
jnjl
naked
11
Plantcab.gras*."
s.p Bot
officinal
fli
6686
offleinrum
W.
m
6
jn
jl
134t
1790. ap
t.India
G. H. IBIfl.
6.R7
jiolv|ti'4ia
Htm.
many.anglcd
11
3
lu
Plant
gras.*
ap
6.88
neiiiflia
Olea'nder-lvd.
qgr
3
jnjl
JacKn-iti*
S
ap
E .Indies
H m:>. s.p
Hyetrix /.
W.
Porcupine O-Q. gr 6 jn.au
6600
4 ...
S Leone 18110.
1798. ap
Gfitl Triane
erandifolia
Haw. variablc-stem'd
great-leaved
6664
6667
4O0
Propagation,
Culture,
be thinned in November, leaving not History,
more thanUte,eight
or ten plants
in each pot ; and at the im ^ ^
pots being sunk aboutthree or lour inches in some old tan or coal ashes, should be covered with a ram
isit best
to
place
fronting
the
west
:
for
then
the
lights
may
be
left
open
in
the than
evening,
ten the ni '-.
sets clear. The third, or spring crop, should be sown in pots, not later
the totwenty-ntn
r__'
the
"heat
declines
the
pots,
must
bejel
^'^
i a gentlekeep
heat,theand
a
four
inchesof into
the dung-bed,
and wiU
prevent
leaves tummg
the heat
the sun,
in April andwhich
May.willThe
plantsroot,
thus moist,
obtained,
be intheirrrfection
by the bn>
enn .
andRbeodorata
ready frutescens,
to ueeeed ifthose
raised
by
the
autumnal
sowing.
{Rislum
in
Hort.
Tram.
H.
J*)
lrk
left to itielf,may
hardly
appears
a distincta frutescent
variety, butcharacter.
trained against
""'
it, ami also the common mignonette,
be made
to assume
According
u wh|,|,ch
tr<|C mignonette
be young
projagated
seedsbe sown
in siiring
it maypots,alsoandbe brought
increasedforward
by .,
plantsfrom
should
put singly
into ;small
by I
strike.is toThe
ofwilla readily
gentle
t.l'cVûI v ""|tev
ntj;
1 being
preferable,
they the
will growth
grow wellof without
artificial
heat byAspinching
tncy
mus
be tiedhot.beil
to a stick
taking
care tobut
prevent
the smaller
side shoots,
,,m ,
but
allowing
the
leaves
of
the
main
stem
to
remain
on
for
a
time
to
support
and
strengthen
it
",,',
have attained the height of about ten inches or more, according to the fancy of the cultivator, tni
must
lie suflcrcda bushy
to extend
themselves
fromautumn
the top, but must
beor nine
occasionally
stopped
at t
them
head,arc
which
by the
eightshould
diameter,
anainto'"!'',;TO , <ti,
bloom.to form
\\ hilst the plants
attaining
their properwillsiac,be they
be inches
shiftedinprogressively
and
may
ultimately
be left
those ofofthe
aboutinflorescence
six inches inofdiameter
at top.being(Hor(.
franl. In. 181.) "1
i.,Vr
A''!ld,c>'
s theory
of theinwhich
nature
this genus
i histollei-taiica
Botnica,
is in few hands,
it is here transcribed
entire.remarkable,
"TheusuajandideaonlyM
i
or Itcscla has been, that it is funiishol with a calvx of a variable number of divisions, with as many 1 ^
r ,,
". ,"m, "lc,r
anomalous
appendages,
with anamiovary
T'^.'face
"'"certain
" I-torueon
ltaisU,
s,pama and
by others,
raisedandto iUo
the nuik "
of Ji* ; ,,
\'t m m; I,rliel' u,"lcr thc
of Gynophore. 'o us, howcicr, it has always appeared, that "
^hSeîii'^Sed ,b'uc,4rt"'-nd-t-h-t
by"
ascertained with somef.t
degree of5 SK?*PK*"'1,j_rfcu.
brt" f",''8.,r",r a m"mt "h anal.'igy bet real affinitytary
of this plant
and the_dleui^."/."'^
uf
overcome
in
the
anomalous
We
arc
therefore
of s."'"^^
acalyx
inuuofi niorr
n-i't.,.'
, m'i-,"('M"f wcumlersLiuiling
can imaginelirada
no proorune
cxinanauon.
ivc
are
nivit-..vflowcM
,I >. 'V'h
tnc,
mi,"
;'.';''1
i.
tu
c.iiler
il
as
liai
ing
ii>m|xiiind
fur luvolucrum, tbeir petals for neutral florets, and their nectary for the calyx ol a rem
Ouii III.
DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
M> I lanceolale aty hait
S
!style.4,
" base, Ba'rten
Stylet 4Hret, s
^ "
. |"
ineatenlite,
ilkc
I
S! tes tsm ic, rou8h'
401
*>
un
TSruiS!^*"' ''Ickla twin

I K*
"2 ^3-*?""*1
" h the
Prtckl datk
and Mbceltoieout Particular!.

the
.., nat mere open,
is an
PS*1"", nam
sameflorets
tonnhas; both
produce
"T'i
of IMbSiSi '"'betau
,n? t>eathepeculiar
u ah lat marg i the
sterile
theinflorescence.
ame
relationtheirInto
f
axis
ofthe
whole
luuMiexisting
back, the
samethethingdiscus
occurs
the
ceanalogy
between
and inpetal*
ima, there ie a campanulatc tube to the calyx,
ran, """"tac the affintV. ,c' arc inwrted.
is, win not be eo easy to explain its structure. One
('nt:iti()n
calyx andandthestructure
squama ofof Amentare
Ulraaeea?.to
acontation
seed,
beneandsupposed
But
we
m*F*
to
4:
U%W\
fi
,
.
,
,
i
'
1
seen, may
SV*
'NS,
:
"
"
Chen,
*b0?^
*Micve
Sb
JSS^
w,t"
rPKarii
to
inflorescence
absence
of
petals,
and
habit.
'''
^raScotica.
Tfri cvvisi'nZ- "VyVe-m
ietneneighbourhood
KupWbiace,
where
tte!Sn
m? lim*>
a'"i ^'
Jvth 11 In The
i!in*
* ovula
ot" of-'^âtion
4h5.-S^F.*?"
radicle.
rS7SS^
of ov">Um
insertionsnine
of their
is the same,ofasflowers,
is aleo
Class XI.
DODECAND1UA TRIGYNIA
...
s.p
Vail,
il t. !>
C.
G.
H.
Ap
6692
cucumciin*maIf.Haw.large-waited
Cucumber-like i
i - Ap Mexico 1823 sp
GU
3.
s
p
Mexico
66**4 magnimam
lanfera Haw.
wool-bearing IL- p. 33 ... Ap
6695 geminispiua Haw. doublc-spined * ^ g* 3 ... Ap Mexico 1*23. s.p
Bot. repprat6171 7
C. O. H. 177*. sp Com.
! Ap
Melon-like
6696
melofnnii
If. If. gr.
_ 8* Sf au
AP Africa .
.n-l_Jgr
l_lgT
Med. Head
6697
Caput-mfcdM
s.p
sp Plant grass 153
1788.
Ap
1
au
chequer'd
M.H
6698
tcswllta
Haw.
1731. s.p Bur. air. LIO. f 1

.. G.G. H.
au Ap
gi I4 au
small M.Med.Hd.Hd. -ll. l_l
8899
ructuepna Haw.
H. 17
Ap
|_JgT
6700 procmbens
. least
s.p Plant.grass.t 1W
1727.
Ap .C. G.G. H.
e.i_Jgr
1
s.0
scaly
6701
anacntha
W.
1774. . . Jac.
H.
Lllgr 1IJ Jn.jl
mr.au Ap
6702clva
W. If. club
Jac. sen. 1. 1 II
. h. 1791. sp
Ap
6703 uupleuriflia
cone-shaped
DteLtmUTs
s.p
Ap .Africa
.. ii i1 eu
11j jn.au
Barbary
6704
mauritnica
W.
Bur. (rag.
arr.tS.C3
s.p
1795.
G.
H.
AP
cu
...
hooked
6705
hamta
//.
Jac
I )
8.
1816.
C.
G.
H.
1 jn.au Ap
6706
Omithopus
./act;. Bird'a-foot M-|_|gr
s.p
1815.
Ap TeneriHe
n.
I
I
CU
14jn.au
6707
aphjrUa
Brow.
s.p
Canaries
1779.
Ap
1
!
cu
6708
balsamlfera
(.
1
...
-IZlgr 3 ... Ap India loUO. 8.
6709TlruclU If.
. Uot mag. Sl
Ap Tenerifle
6710
atropurprea
(.
.
dark-purple
. \i || cu
Canaries 1815.
1777. s.p
smth. spcar-lvd.n.
cu
6711
If.
33 ...... Ap
8. Jac. sch.8. 1216
1809.
AP
bracteated
tL
cu
6712 pscatria
bracteata Jac?.
H
...
1808. s.p
Ap Italy 1768.
*.
6713
pndula
HamIf. pendulous
MaiattCUU
8. Bot
tree-like
- cu
cu 11! ... Ap
6714
dendrodes
reg. 765
1806. sp
Ap S.E. Amer.
14
jl.au
6715
cyathplmra
W.
colored
I
pr
.
Indies
1808.
Ap Bourbon 1808.
O) cu S au Ap
67I6repnda
Haw. waved
6717
biglandulea
twin-gtanded
_
cu
3
<
Jac
1800. S.I Hook.iciex t*W
au Ap
naked-flowered
.P-
cu
6718
nudiflra Jac.
n.59
S.W.Amer.
1630.
1063 jl.au
Ap
Cotinus-leaved
1
1
or
6719
cotiniflia
W.
BoL mag. 8S3^
Indies
my.jn Ap
L il
~J cu
6720 petiolrie Stmt. long-stalked
Bot mag. 1"5
Madeira 1800.
178*.
Ap
6 ap.my
honev-bearing
pr
6721
mellera
W.
Jacicl.t-86
179*.
Toad-flax-lvd. - 3 ... Ap
6722
linariflia .If.M. pie-bald
Bot b.a.
mag. 1747
179a
Ap Louisiana 1811.
6723 veriegta
Ctl 2 jnjl
Jac.
I 77
Ap
6724 prunil'lia Jacq. Plum-leaved OI
S
s.1
S.
Amer.
1733.
Ap
rm
w
1
jn.au
6725
Batil-lcaved
Amer. 18U6. S s.1 Hook. ex. 1*
6726 ocymoldea
dentU Mich.If. toothed
Jn.jl Ap N.America
ww 1Upi
1727. s.1
Ap
6727
hypericiioHa
If. Hypericum-lv.
S,W.Amer.
AP
6
Humbldtit
W.en.
Humboldt's
w
1
jl.o
Indies 1809.
1758.
6729 proetrta W.
trailing red
rm w i jl.o Ap
SS s.1s.1s.1 JacTin.2tU
Indies
1808.
6730
rsea If.
rosy
KL
ww 44)1au Ap
S.& Amer.
1660.
6731
macul&la
Ap
spotted
S s.1 Jaclc.3.t77
1789.
6738
picta
If. If.
pointed
jf E]
ww 1 jn.au
niy.jl Ap
s.1s.1 Jac.ic-3.t47
E.W.Amer.
Indies
1800.
6733
mlullfera
globular
Ap
[Al
Indies
1787.
6734
Hytwop-teaved
w 1 au.* Ap
S al Plalmllllf
1699.
6735 hyssopiflia
thymiflia If.If. thyme-leaved
Ap S.India
O
10.t2.CB
Europesea.sh
1752. SS s.1al Mo.h.
6736
If. scollop-leaved
jl.au
Ap
OO www J1Jjl.au
Eng-b**
England
6737
Pplm
If.
Ap
purple
jl.au
Jac
.
t tlap
S
al
N.
Amer.
170*.
738
polygoniflia
If.
knot-grass
Ivd.
iinjl
Ap
Amer. 1812. D al Bot mag. 149*
67S9
lpccacunhn;Pert,
If. Ipecacuanha OA ww S jn.jl Ap N.
6740 caiialiculta
w 1 jn.ll AP Carthagui.1819. S Bot cab. 727
channelled
B74
Pl.lus (**.
6742falcila
6743 exigua W.
W.
sickfe.leaved
dwarf
O ww 1 jlau
O w JIjn.au
1
S.Britain
Europedtgr.
1699.fi. ala.1s. i^'î
Britain
cor.
En. bot
th.
.
History,
Propagation,
Culture, is said to be used as a rot-herb ^
S SLT'iV*'1
One species
(E Use,
edulis\
not yet introduced,
there*
."i
wT,h^.PU.';,C<!'"
? *"*medicine
'^"'^ 1,'""
F- olncinarum,
and one or two
shrubby,
,,
r
,t
.
'
are.ued
They
are
all
milkv,
Stems a,Si, ' ',,,he ?" pa"> ft'w ' 'bem creeping ; some
arcmostly
leafies,herbaceous,
but most oftevcral
them irebo"
lg
rescnblinf
th
m
r
"1.'
r
more
êiillv
cyliiuiri
?
columnar
;
unarmed,
or
in
the
"8 "'"
single
rowûnTther<;i1<'tu."fand
rraed
with
prickles,
which
ale
either
solitary
or
in
pairs,be
"Lj
nakMl ^
",c ""
Suchas
haveand
leaves
havecommonly
them simple,
m,.twith
frc4|ucntly
alu-rnate
nr'J^"'!'
t,h-v v^""^
"c Mitc,
are then
attended
stipules,
and flo,
m a M"
mfheyUareleaf,,,laced
nue,b,JxhE;
,
T
'4
I"
'he
leafless
sorts
naked,
bearing
from
one
to
three
, but more treeuently ftom two to five or more in a terminating umbel each
: u us
4
iiu fan;
*l
M
W
ulei.i
>p ate
j Ui"
ip
p a
Ou>u III.
DODECANDRIA .'RIGYNIA.
J.1
66SS
Pricklyvery
elliptical
obtuse
furrowed,
Prickles
subloltary.
Peduncles
.
Wart*
large
green
downy
at
end,
Spines
about
4
strong
black
at
end
MSimplerounded
warts with
woollymany
at endsmall spines between, Two
6t95
Columnar, Wartsobovate
small with
numerous
[than the rest
**
Unarmed.
Unarmed
globose
with
many
anales
6
Unarmed
imbricated,
Warts
with one
leaf. Flowers
somewhat stalked, Divisions
Unarmed
Stem closelyimbricated
tessellatedwith
withwarts
warts
upwards
thickly
branched
6899
bearing
a linear
leaf4-comered
67u>
Unarmed
with
round
procumbent
branches.
Warts
Ol Unarmed
Unarmed imbricated.
imbricated, Warts
Warts with aa lanceolate
roundish lenflet, Fl.Flterm,
sessile with
fflK
stalkedsolitary
with entire
TUS
Unarmed imbricated
capitate.with
Warts rhomboidleaflet,
with lanceolate
stalked
670* Unarmed
of flower entire
6705
Warts largehalfnaked
imbricatedshrubby
hnnbtfiliform
flaccid, Leaves alternate
W
Unarmed
naked
leafless
brnnchrt,"
rinche,
fui?
"?'1'
3
,Cmil,al
'-flowered
*
Inarmed
Unarmed halfnaked'
ilirulib upright
HeadVm; . V4
1 ' '"'"
terminal
M
,O^fi'orm
^,'"""'01"
,
smooth
glaucous
.
1 1 ra- , V
^ Branches spreading regularly clustered
nui .
e biue ofpecio.ee
ShlSZ^^^S^^
*< rmcd
naked
g
Unarmed shrubby, lai^.Saei5is^,mÛnC''Cl''<,'''0,l,i'
>"- niuricate
!c^
IS. s^ZlTt "1"' 8<""' "3 -botomies .
life Ê^î,
S
2 l^J
procumbent
67 fa
flZir Leales
ent re halfciinbtp ItTi *".itnry axill. Memsem,
procumbent
I .0 lanceolate "uu Fl
solitary
i,'axilla^,'
""i?,^
I'tocumlicnt
stVnis"ioTumbrS"'
S
">" pubescent
'V. Stem creet
ed hliform,a,Uar>'
Leaves ovatesulked
ST ,
1 4 Flomr' ""bUcd wUhan Wae.
"*tmous, InvoL
ovate ,"
. *,1<!
Vmbel trtfd.
M KK'>
In.oL
sillVlf'
Italkl **
^Jachctomou.,
^.^"*M f 671S
6740
^^,S.tt
uTt''T?'
Wcbotnmoot,
tctracliotninoun, with
with
"*
U,W
th, ta?
\""rtdivi.in,
of i-voli.rre
The ,'hfi>
lui ? ""k"""
'" or cien
L*"
corn,
to',
rh""cr
it is ai4,.,cd
''",'?'
*.
is Externally
"""-miser"''theit i,same
corroda
"''"e,orit^
"m-ethci,i,
,
In
li
1
,
'
,
r"
*c
,1"m
"*<|
''crnuliy.
dr.ii.iK!
.taî^b.bJM
lhcar^nn.i"J ^ '."1,
to remove the ,! b, destroying
* ler remua. ..aUoilr' quiirum
- in the,'!''''
tiuith-.n licbio'hliv lih.steriiii:.
xVrm
'>
,
','""
the
KPl>rtii'
f"he
Medica
In
' "**e toK *WBlandbyfrm,
'nu^'Te
,1 , "" llect ""'concrclcl
gum resin,
whichMateria
/Irbim,",
"they
knife,call
from
isl,Sso
tears'r nSi,n,,"n h,'
oblong orl'ra"''ll^.",f
roundish V"'
form.>*Thewhquantity
iicliled
1
Class XL
DODECANDRIA TRIGYNT.
404
1800.
1.1
Ap
6744
Persia 18 U
6745 nm.crntha W. tulierous
Ap Ethiopia 1800. il Bur. afr.9 t4
L 1 I CU I f jLs
0.d Ap
6746
6747 tuberosa
acuraintaW.Hieb. pointed
* 1 o.d Ap Albania 182a S CO Doc. mc 41 CI
England tl.st.pl. SS al Eng. bot 2255
674
Lthyrie IV.
3H jl.au
my.o Ap
1804. S al Jac c 1 t 88
Ap Spain
6749
valentina
Pert. Caper
Sp.i.iah
Austria
Ap
6750
diffusa
If.
diffuse
jl-au
D al
mi
Canda 17:.
6751 A'uios ff.
Ap
jn.jl
Pear-rooted
r.-.s. al Jac ic 1. t 87
1 jnjl Ap
67521a/ta
ff. If. Mezcreon-lvd.
.n.
14. alal Dend. brit 45
G.
H.
Ap
6753
genietoides
Oenieta-like
1
jLau
Ap Levant 1710.
6754 spinosa FF.
2 my.s Ap
6755
nummulari -folia.Ff.en.prickly
Moneyw. lvd.JLB.
Ap Austria 1800.
Bot. aus.
rep. S.6161215
18115. DD Jac.
6756enthymodc8
broad-leaved
1
my.jn
cu
Europe 1759.
Ap &Camiola
757dlcis
if. IK
sweet
cu I my.ja Ap
D
Scop.
1795.
6758
carnilica
Carniolian
cu 11 jn.jl
au Ap S. Europe 1741. al Boc. siccam.t 51 21
6759 Fithysa ff.
Juniper-lvd.
ri I cu
D alal Eng.
Eng. bot
Ap
Portland
6760
portUndica
W.
rny.s
pr
bot. 441
135
6761p Parlias
W,
Ap
il s Ap
.) Pr 11 jl.s
alal
suffrutrsa
shrubby-sea
1795. D s.1 Jac.sch.l.tlOT_
6768
rgida
//.
Ap
rigid
2
jl.au
6763
Madeira
1771 D s.1 Alp. exot. t 64
rushy
1 cu 1 jLau Ap
6764 jncea
alppicaf.W.
Crete
Aleppo
_,
1 jLau Ap
D s.l Jac
1450
S.Barbary
Europe 1739.
1699. Dal
6765
MgetHa
f*
Ap
corn
w
4
jl.au
Po. it.aua5.
ed. ger.ll
1780.
6766
biumbcllta
Pt?.
double-umbell.
cu
11 jlau Ap
DD alal
1780.
6767
angustiflia
iut.
narrow-leaved
Ap
cu
1805. S al
67fi8miilticoryml>6sa/.
many-flowered cu I jl
Ap S. Europe 18.
676!)
provinciliHHaw.
f. linear-leaved
ww IIi au.n Ap
S al Eng. bot 855
1800.
6770 juncoldes
Ap
Rush-tike
cnr.fi. SD s.1al Jac

6771
heliOBcpia
W. Wart-wort
cuw 1 5 jljl u Ap Britain
ic 3. t 483
6772
serrta
If.
&
Europe
1710.
narr,
notch-lvd.
iAI
s1' levant 1768. si. :Bot reg. 190
6773 crtica
//.
Cretan flowered*
hoary un 3 ... Ap
f774
punicea
If.
Jamaica
I/18.
.scarleti
I
spl
G
ja.8
. .
6775 verrucsa if.
1KL U s.18.1 Bot
un fin Ap
Ap France
cab. 39
6776 Rpathuheflia
eorolUta if. Haw. waited
N. Amer. 1803.
great-flowered
I cuun 2 Ap
D alal
6777
spatula-leaved
a.
1800.
I
Ap
6778
corallioides
if.
Coral-stalked
&
Europe
1752.
un
1
jn.s
Ap
6779
androsarmiflia/Jo/m.Tutsan-leaved
un 2 jl.s Ap Hungary 1804. DDals.1 Gm.sib2t.9S_
6780
pU6sa
if. if.
1758. D al
hairy
Ap Siberia
un 14mv.au
6781
orientals
Levant 1739.
oriental
t. 6
6782 platyj'hyllos
If. annual-warty ] O un
England
cor.fi. SS Jac.
w 11 jn.'jl
jl.au
Eng.aust
bot 3S3
stricta
.
upright-warty
England
...
1J
JLau
Jac
ic.3.
148J
6783
literata
ff.
blotch-leaved
T..... woods
1790.
O w 1 I au
Eng. bot 1399
6784E'eula
Britain
leafy-branched
my.jl
DD
6785 sylvticaIf.Ff.
wood
ti
SC. Europe
1768.
2I jl.s
6786
rythrina
Link.
fiesh
G.
H.
182.1
lAJ
cu
jl.s
D
6787
glaresaLink.
Bicb.
sandy
w 1 jl.s
Tauria 1822.
6788
182
;. SD
O w f jl.s
6789 bialta
uralnsis Fisch. two-winged
1821.
Ural
Ural
3
jla
S Bua. cen. S. t
6790
micrntha.
fub. small-flowered
Tauria 1822.
6791 crispta
1821. D1)
rnsp
nn 3iJ my
my
6792
condylocanw
Bich.
Heart-leaved
Caucasus
1823.
my
6793 fragilere Link. berry-bearing f _] un 2 my
Italy 1820. D
Germany
1801. D
14M
6794
Gerardina
W.
Gerard's
t
A
un
1
jl
England
wood..
Jac.
Eng. aust
bot. tu
6795
Cypartssijts
W.K. Cypress
21 jlmy.s
Au
6796
virgta
W.
h
Hungary
17.
JI^Mtg.
twiggy
un
S. Europe 1570. D s.1 Lobcl..ct3.f.l
6797 myrsinltes
iv. glaucous
6798
Portugal 1804.
imbricated f "n 11 ap.jn
S|>ain
1809. D a.lal Jac. .,,
1 It 485
6799 imbrcala
uirjensis P.W.S. shar|>-leaved
1 Ji Un IJ au.s.
...
I7s<", Propagation,
considerable,
u.'fiwn'n V'""" "Sut
oncc "'>'
years 1 thea.Culture,
supply
being sufficient
simee
of uwhJ?LSJtei*
The recent
iuiceln isfu'
so corrosive
to erodethentheobtained
skin wherever
it touchesfor; that
and
the iKople
Wl,
lir,t
,'Ved"'h'a.'lni1,'11?"4,'
which
nducert'he""st"Vidcnt
sneezing.
It
is
inodorous
,
which is verv norm,,,' , " 8'"' very acrid buniing impression 1" the tongue, luale, and lliroa ,
errh.ne. and ra.f,t
' ?"hMST'gSn"as
'""Pl'orUbla Euphorbium !^^J?bS!o*g
possesse
hS
ve.lc0
cm.d ^""''11
u" ! no caplmled : neither as aanh,dr'ûe
ecrhine can it le used aloue. for wH.C
it occasions
iikt:
fc
' klJ
kU
IstBt
:
ka:-'
i..E-:
Order III.
405
Dichotomous,
Umbel
trifid,
InvoLobovate
broad serrate,
obovate,InvoL
Leavescordate,
entire obovate
spatulate on long stalks
67*5
Dichotomous,
Leaves
lanceolate
Cape,
warted
6746 Umbellubtrifid.
InvoL 4-leaved, Stem
Leave* Caulinc
oblong cmarginate
67-17
Leavesnaked,
mucronate,
spatulate lane. InvoL ovate. Capa, smooth
* entire
Umbel 4 or B-fid.
67tf
Umbel
i.fid
dichotomous.
Leavesopposite
67+9
Umbel 4-6d
InvoL ovate
Leavee
lane.altem,
: lower
6750
Umbel
4-fid trifld,
dichotomous,
Invol.acute,
obtuse,
Leaves
lin.spatulate
cunate emarginate mucron. Stem diffuse
6751
Umbel
4-fid
bifid,
InvoL
rcniform
:
the
first
obcordate
675*2
Umbel
4
or
5-fid
twice
dichotomous.
First
invol.
oblong:
upper
rhomboid-roundish, Leaves lit. Luiccol.
675. Umbel 5-cleft bifid, InvoL ovate, Leaves linear erect
6754
Umbel 5-cleft
5-cleft bifid,
simple,Upper
InvoLleaves
ovate:rounded
first 3-leavcd,
Leaves oblong
entire: lower lane, reflexed
6755
Umbel
obovate
serrulate
mucronate
6756Umbel
5-clcftbifid,
InvoL
ovate
toothlettcd,
Leaves
entire
lane
oblong
villous
beneath
6757
Umbel
bifid, Rays
InvoLnodding,
subovatcInvoL
toothlctted,
leavesleaves
lane, obtuse.
Caps,
waited
hairysmooth
6758 Umbel
Umbel iclcft
"vclvft
tutid,
ovate
entire,
Lane,
acute.
Cape,
warted
&defl bifid,
InvoL ovate
mucronate,
Leaves
laneLeavee
: the Lin.
lowerlane,involute
imbricated
downwards
67(3)
Umbel
idcfl
dichotomous,
InvoL
subcordate
concave,
acute
smooth
spreading
6761 UmbelS^leftbifid, InvoL cordate reuiform. Leaves imbricated upwards
67<H
Branches
filiform,
Leavesnumerous
oblong
Rib mucronate,
FL solitary terminal
wo
Umbel
ioleft
dichotomous,
Leaves
andlinear
invol.
linearrt?tuso
lanceolate
acute
67t*
lmbei
-cleft
dichotomous,
Invol.
ovate
lanceolate
mucronate,
Lower
leavee
setaceous
fctu
cordate acute.
fhfib I_mbe)
Md 5-cleft
multifiddichotomous,
double, Invol.InvoL
subcordate,
Leaves Leaves
linear lin. lanceolate : the upper broadest
(
,.**
mu-u4d
clustered,
InvoL
subcordate,
Loaves
numerous
close
very
narrow
67* Umbel multifid dichotomous, InvoL halforbicular cordate, Sterile branches many, Lvs. lin. lane
5 Umbel
5-cleft
-~clpft bifid,
bifld InvoL
1,lvo1- half
cordate
Leaves oblongLeaves linear imbricated backwards
o770
orbitmucronate,
cordate submucronate,
6771
Lmbel 5-clett
bifid dichotomous,
Leavee cuneiform
serrate smooth,
Caps,serrate
smooth
677 Lmbel
5-cleft trifid
dichotomous, InvoL
lnv. obovate,
2-lcaved rcniform,
Leavee amplexicaul.
cordate
umbel multifid bifid, Invol. orbicular. Leaves linear lane, villous
ILl 222
?-cleft trifid,
trifid, Invol.
InvoL ovate.
oval acuminate
colored,
Caps,villous,
smooth,Cape,
Leaves
glaucousbeneath
pi*
~m Îfft
Leaves lane
serrulate
warted
Sn
nSz
trintlInvoL
dichotomous,
InvoL
andspatulate
lenvee lane
oblongentire
obtuse,
Divisions
of invoL white
^- Umbel
Lmbel a-cleft
4-fidcleftbifid,
obovate,
Leavee
reflexed.
Stem
trifid dichotomous, InvoL ovate, Leaves lanceolate, Caps, woollyhalfshrubby branched
52 ""i
imooth<
Umbel
5-clcft
bind,
Leavee
sessile
lanceolate
veiny
on
each
side
5-cleft 4-fid
trifiddichotomous,
bifid, InvoL ovate
Leaves
lane, hairy lanceolate
subserrulatc at end
Ml
mheb-cleit
InvoLentire,
roundish
acute,
w
umbel
wdeft ifid
dichotomous, InvoL
with
a hairy
keel,Leavee
leaves errate lanceolate, Cape, warted
^StS-ckft3-fld
Invol. S-homed,
lanceolate,Barren
leavesbranches
lane, toothed
Caps, smooth warted
Imbe multifid bifid,dichotomous,
Invol. sul>cordate
with pubescent,
1-shapcd leaves
r i te,^fi,ibin4 InvoL perfoliate rordate acute. Leaves lane entire
ITT wi-ir "bu. Umbel 5-fid dichotomous, Invol. ovate obtuse li-homcd
(T4Si u L******
sytolatt lane.
mucroiUte coriaceous
serrulate,
Invol.
ovate,Caps,
Caps,keeled
smoothtwice
l!!?rV
ovateserrulate
at end,
dichotom.
*?.
'? Wlth ""'vol.
H"*1oblong
cntircandsmooth,
Umbel 5-fid
bifid,Umliel
InvoL.5-fid
lanceolate,
Leaves 2-homed
rhat hairy : lower spatulate; upper and invoL spiitulate
,'ate
Caps,lanceolate
warted, obtuse
Invol. toothlctted,
cordate Invol. rcniform
,
Caps,
ramentacus
hairy
(rmii'_Lj_
.... . ^chotomous,
_,
*
Umbtlentire.
G-many.fid.
H I'mhH multifid
Invol.. subcordate,
roundish
Brandies
noneLeaves setaceous, Caulinc lanceolate
2
dirhnt.
r
"-'"Mi
entire,
liranclics
none
tifld
dichotomous,
Invnl
Branches
sterile.
S^SSmSmTZ\fe1
^".
sterile,Caps,
Leaves
lianguiar,
LeavesBranches
sessile erect,
erect.
miih<e
SfeW^'WhifldI
,^-o Vb..v ^,glilar*
âves
senile
rough
j
HmW 5-fid
^^SiSm^S^SS:
epatula,c
4"nB
fleshymucron
ugh at edge
Umbel
birtd
fa
ol
roi,luJ4h
mucronate-,
Leaves
obovate
imbr
rrulate
na, Btm, cordate roundish entire, Leaves lanceolate muer
>nate coriaceous
Sgj inflammation
to 1,,
MKUa****
Nrt,as hnWel?rUCweitl!
from theParticular.
ntrile, and swells the integuments of the
UhvrU
hrhinc
^/,
ierwil
otlier incrt
it U an effectual
pickle, fei has aliout the 'iim , ' a,inauros,s.
andPwd".
milar and
cases.cautiously
(Wosused,
Disperaatory,
SPS.)
4u.re a bad but thU i not the caso with cmv.
Dd 3
406
6801
emarginla
W. freckled
6802
hibeniica W.
Irish
6803
saliciflia
W. W. willow-leaved
6804
nmygdalotdes
Almond-lee.
6805 chnrcias /I .
upright-red
6H0t!
glaucscens
W.
glaucous
6807
agraria
Bieb.
field
6808
pallida
If.Rieb.
pale
680;)
prcera
tall
6810
hom-fruitcd
6811 ccratocar'iia
saliciflia Hort.Ten. willow-leaved
110.
PEDH.AN'THUS.
Seek.
Si.ippkr Plant.
6812
tithymaloldos/vu/t/A.
6813 cariiiatus
1) im. Myrtle-leaved .
1.105.
Vmiuu.
6814 VIS'NEA.
Mocanra /I'.W. Canary
IOS.
CAT.LI'GONUM.
W. .
6815 Pallsia
W.
DD .1
Italy
1758
Britain
fields.
Hungary woods.
180t. D1
Fngland
England
mo. pi. D
18S4 SD
Crimea
Hungary 1821.
18
Crimea
18la DDD
Naples
181
Hungary 1820. D
Sp 13.1820.
S. Amer.
1817.
-.1.
Canaries 1815. Lp
Cuss XI.
Fl dan. 656
Eng.
both. 1ST/
PL .bot
t. 55
Eng.
Eng. bot 256
W.
GmeUib.
Ten.
neap 19
t. 63
Bot reg. RT7
Bot mag. 251
TETRAGYNIA.
**"*!* 'Ss'pie. 178a Lp Pau.msAt77.Ti
PENTAGYNIA.
1107.
GI.I'NUS.
W.
Gum
68161otoldcs W.
hairy
l) un 1J Ficidex.
jl
Y S. Europe 1788. S s.1 Boc sic. 21. 1 11
1108.
BI.ACKWEL'LIA.
.
Blacvellia.
Homalinete.
Sp.
16.
..0 rg
W
Madagasc.1823.
LamiU.,_ ,t.IE.L
6817 integrifolia Lam. entire-leaved s* C"J or
tU09. GASTO'NIA.
GairroiA. or 4 Araliacc.
, reg. B,
Wall. Jui. palmate
f.mr W.o. Sp. 12. 181& pi Bot
nia sEMPERvm'UM.
881 arbrcum W.
D0DECAGYNIA.
Scmperiive.
Sp. S0. 1640. s.1
mr.d Y Levant
PbMt
gram1631*1
Bot. mag.
History, Lite, Propagation, Culture,

h" h be
*uL2?
S,0;',"P">S
of ""
thl, Senu"
gen
are succulents,
andstrike.
will thrive
the better" The
If way
littleI lime
t*~jVj
added
to totii,.V,\X
r ,,?!
i '"""Si
nroe
'""--jj
enue
somewhat
baveany
J*"*";
best?
!I ."'''
J"4'"
"amongst
s"'"t
says.
1 athem
Ubi. ityr"
) tnom
m the
the difficult
pou in atogood
heat,Sweet
and says,
not cover
with
gla
b"t"iw
"'^rcSZlJ1''"
Bu*
is
not
now
considered
to
consist
of
twelve
stamens
urroimdingan
ovry^
ThisMr.manner
u, Si.S ' , " Euphorbia
,'!umh" monamlrous
naked male
florets and
surrounding a naked
fmal(i r.ion
by
Hro"nof """"""uing
first uiaicateu
indicated
by jussieu,
Jussicu,
lio
"-i"wtui was
was ursi
ny
anu afterwards
anerwasiu. correcUy expame
110
P...I.-'
_
,
of
the
A IICU
genusUraco.
rwcmb'S
lipper,andandappearance,
.3-,, a Rower, in allusion to the form > involucre.
i'p*'?.
"l'l'"r,a1iu properties
distinct genus, which
Sc
,
*
a,
""'<"
of
the
younger
Uimicus
for
FsSMM,
which
now
is
tb
i
vnsec. Kipcned cuttings root freely ill sand.
Ouu III.
DODECANDHIA THIGYNU.
6R0
Umbd
multlBd
3-fld
bifid,
InvoL
ovate.
Leave*
lanceolate,
barren
61
Umbel
multitd
bifid,
IqvoL
broadly
cord.
leaves
obi. Branche
eraarg.Branche
emooth,
Stem branched,
ftfi
Umbel
6-fld
dicbotomotis,
lnvol
oval,
Leaves
entire,
none.
Capsules
waited Capeu
e* Umbel
Umbdmultid
dkhotomous,
lnvol.
reniform
cordate.
Leave*
lanceolate
villoui
:. SM
multtfid bifid,
dichotorauus,
InvoL perfoliate
orbiculate,
Leave*
obtuse
i. >
multi(it!
InvoL
emarginatc,
Leave*amooth
lanceolate
entire
68U5 Umbel
Laie*multid
linear lanceolate
entireperfoliate
close and
together,
Capaules
6Srf7
Umbel
bifid,
t
auline
leave*
involucre*
cordate
oblong
roughsimple,
at edgeCap*,
subserrulate
Umbd
multifid
trifld,
lnvol.
roundish.
Leave*
lane
attenuated,
Stem
smooth
e*S
Unit
5-fid
J.fid
dkhotainous.
Leave*
lanceolate
hairy
serrulate
at
end,
Capsules
smooth
10
Leaves
lanceolate
entire
smooth,
Caps,
waited
smooth,
otherwise
like
E.
palustris
fflll Leave* enture lanceolate villous, Umu multid, Inv. reniform cordate
181!
Leaves ovate
ovate acuminate
acuminate keeled beneath
tMJ Leave*
01* The only species
TETBAGYNIA.
615 Fruit winged, Wings membranous crisp toothed
PENTAGYXIA.
<B16 Stem hairy, Leave* obovate
90 Leaves ovate obtuse usually entire, FL terminal paniclcd
5SBLeaves palmate, Stem aculeate
DODECAGYNIA.
&J ; jSZ cSM,e,TillUi- Necterie* nearly square truncate
S with I,, aiulL' 00" witt
S SwL?""
^ding
bristles WSffSSi Wth l00gitUdinal
S
dCSjy?2
" " *"
r beneath
'
ET P*?^
itrai, Leaves5 " broad n" <*
80 Sum puia, r** ob,ure villous, Necta. palmate
Leaves entire .
. mMI "diets
spreadin
g *"o
oblo! ."riSl:
""J".Preading
spreading, Pcdunc. and calyx hairy
"Mied Offl, ,hort round nearly ssile, Petals fi fringed
6814 ^k.
6815
681
Califas w
and Miscrllancou, ParlicuUm.
liff&" r^*ftff ' \ml " kn jit. Thi. plan, (duces, instead of leaves
This plant is, however,
iffi S"
'"11'" Pbms drawn
Gaston de Bourbon, eon ol" Henry IV.
e 'species
ever'ofinwhich
allusion
the tenac<
tnu isuasuixuienT
.ucculcnt genus, some
are toornamental
Dil 4
tX'3d
montnuin /. W.
68.73 arachnoldeum
morutnthos W.
DODECANDRIA DODECAGYNA.
Germany
jn.jl
SwitierL 1731.
1753.
t
or
or iJjnJl
Italy 169.
iAIcu
or i jn.jl
Canaries 1777.
Dip
D 1.1
D s.p
D 1.1
Class Xt,
Bol
mag.
PlantgnuUO
Bol mag.
BoLn

,
oninthea bruiieil
rooft of lUte,
bullding.,
i usedwithby cream.
country people
ai ""IJS
oi mixed
Lmrueui
informs us that no-
Class X II. ICOSANDRI A. Stamins many, perigynous, or inserted into lire Calj*
gardeners
this iswhich
one ofcome
the within
most interesting
of the Llnnean
claHes, containing
greateroiDrlgei fof ^
tlie
anyToother
of objects
their observation
and managemenL
It alsoaconsists
most
part
naturally
alliedbut; almost
and comprises
not only
thebeautiful
most remarkable
portion
ofofFicoidea-,
au V^V^ten
chief
of
the
Myrtace,
every
genus
of
the
and
hardy
tribes
Rosacea?,
iw
t)]e
are
defined,
andcalyx
depend; modifications
upon the insertion
aorgan
number
distinct
exceeding
twcnl)' import.
innerwellsurface
of the
of which
are ofhere
foundstamens,
to be of more
than oroinaij
rancc
in
characterising
the
genera.
difference
The
genera
are
extremely
natural,
and
have
been
all
studied
with
unusual
attention,
ooin;.rsitv
of
no-of
opinion exists among botanists as to the limits which ought to be assigned to them, and great oiveo' J trictty
mcnclature
has
thence
arisen.
'
observed
by
a
modern
author,
"&
inthoseoi
1 But,'
i has bebeenexpected in ending characters for genera, than in thorfo
which
""P"*?
is ""
pie
" our,knwiJE
th ""re
""Infect,
and towhose
serial of individuals may therefore be considered lea comfor.
LindlcV, arra ijLf"1' pcar
,r:bc- ''""ee,
where the greatest
difficultv-Society,
i, thought
J**
by mn!nbfb"f.wS,
" publi,h<Hl
in tl,<! Trmiactloni
of the Unnean
Uefato weexist,
lind ;admitted
at aI'i'irf' ctrv"?-|',?.!',,| th"eflnite limits ofthegenera ofIcoiandria, it ityet moreperplexing toarnje
. .r.lS,&l^,m
** whicR
genera arethatconfuted.
Havinghave,
all been,
Kt^nofdomestimioi,
'.. "bJ,s "cultivation,
it hasthehappened
many individual,
underasU
Ite
elves,
of
iffi"
fT
"'l'ir0","'
w5"
0
oiired
necharacters
fcc*
the
source
from
which
u!
I
.
ha,'!e
"'""crcd
it
impossible
at
the
present
day
to
refer
them
with
certain"
ges, some pe?,*, havt t .'"." ,"* T rt'med)' thi con'luiion, which ha. been thus increasing to
now found
' distinguish the species by .uch artificial characters a. they "J
that
"'by",Cmul'Wn
distinrtioll.
undergone
; hut it hW
whichnoarefa,,]neither nennin, , ,r r ''"'i' )
'S0" "lned
in consideration
f d*
it has appeared
iiroer
to.J
i 1,
northeconnected
with
natural
habit,
but purely
artificial.
mature
coT.siSr
,
on
^
v"draur
">
'educe
aberrant
form,
which
now
exist
to
those
from which,and1
crimination
of
th
.i
"
>
prc8umeu
'
h"c
been
derived,
and
to
simplify
the
arrangement
*s-be
most simple
, ri, cLTlrZZ~
ng """"" within
P*Mt.
limits.phiioiophical,
Ai we thinkwctheihall
latterhereto befolio
those
^!,"iZ'l^yo
arcthcir
ceruinl,
the most
A"tr,toB" the order, with two and three styles from that with five: but .hedif
with one style
thi' styles,
rPM-Di-Penugynia
tn we have only
generaPolygyny
yie, MonJvm;,
Monogynia ; 1
with .""""
two. three, or,n five
andeparated
with manythestyles,
Order 1. MONOGYNIA. |sj|sjf Many pengynous Stamcni. I Style.
1111 raaTeeded.1
Carl,
S 1. Ocary
inferior.
imbrica,ed- Petal, numerous,
in many
rows : the inner the largest Stigma many-c
lucid. ' SeeaMs''i S*1 ^Parted, very ihort Teeth acuminate, membranous, very fine. Berry 1-cclied, peU
Hi'!. Sarta
, cen'. Peta1' - Caps, cylindrical, 1-cclled at the end with 3-5 lid likc. va I i *.
Placenta.
dVfrieS'v"'*'''. PrieLal, bearing seed, in a double rowT
TI.
DODECANDUIA DODECAGYNIA.
Leaves
ciliated,
Olfatospreading
globose
Leaves
entire,
Offsets
Leaves
,th
entangled
hairs,
Onsets round
kl fSS Lea, nc<ledeJa,ate clustered, Pedunc. naked 1-. Nects. obcordat.
409
ImS^Sm^SSk CaL4-5-Parted- Pet1*-5- Style4-(Mt Caps, half-superior, 4-5-cclled, many-seeded.

^. Cal. persistent it base, 5-cleft, half-superior. Petals 5, clawed, round, longer than
HP" caP'tatedepressed, 4-5-celled.
Seeds angular,
slender. Capsule many-celled. Seed*
e**We*b
Cal 5^:left,Caps,
half-auperior.
Petals5, sessile.
Stigma capitate
IW . Cal. S-cleft, half-superior. Petals S. Stamens very long, separate. Stigma simple.
Su
Cal. 5-cleft.TestaPetals
**beb tiditcnwr, Urge, cuate.
bony.5. Berry' soft, pulpy,
P W' many-seeded. Cotyledons leafy, very small.
n ij TT' CaL -^Parted, superior. PetaU 4-5. Fruit fleshy, 1-ceiled, 1-seedcd. Cotyledons half
***** *eryCaLnualL
Testa membranous.
Itn
****
funnel-form.
Fruit2dry,
1 or 2-cclled.
OtherwiseBadicle
like Eugenia.
iSSS
CdLS^left
Petali5.bcfore
Berry
or Swelled,
anddeciduous
cotyledons
Nnil
1 rCwded.
*'al* tncatc,
flowering
coveredmany-seeded,
with an hemispherical
lid.distinct
Cor. O.
^'hfuattate.0*1' 5"fii Petale 5' Vary a*elle<L vuIe* "UbUTi appense. Style straight Stigma
fcrra.Bb.fe**' CaL 5"clcft Petak 5- ^'S4 hooked. Berry 1-celled. Seeds angular. Embryo consssnsteM> CaL *"cleft- petals * Fru>t 4-cornered, 1-seeded. Flowers in terminal raccmea.
<<5!Sd. truncate' êd with an entire deciduous lid. Cor. O. Capsule 4-celled, opening
peSst""** ^ 5îefL peudl 5- many-celled, many-seeded.
Anvgdaiui ri t <
\* *2. Ovary
0oa' tuperior.
*
.. . 4-p>.i.
Drupe
withhard
a nutmoth
peiiuidn-u
"l01 - >"
.
P**?**
Drupe
with
smooth
u4*si^*.?,,,1|;
CaJ.
iclef?
SS?
hatd
îclell. Petal, 5. St,le alateraL
Drupenutwith 5-furTowed, 5-valvcd nut.
<* DI.PENTAGYNIA.
Many perigynous Stamens. S to 5 Styles
lurbinate'^^v^"1- -^-Parted, with 1 divisions. Disk arge, honey.bearlng. Styles smooth. Apple
"* CvEJPrf's"lth
* "i Petals
putamen.
(>7,1
M,-~i7 ^-toothed.
spreading, orbicular. Ovary Swelled. Styles smooth. Apple
"ft W
'T !' . 04'""heeal.,
or by the
disk. Putamen
bony.
2-iewled
Te<ti
Petals
roundish.
Applethickened
closed, 5-celled,
with acartilaginous
putamen. Cells
fj . "dagmous.
_1U6, )C2sU r'.'i -^Pa"^ "ith leafy divisions. Apple closed, many-seeded. Testa mucilaginous,
^'"rpêlbd' inrt I it!1!0"1?1 *''*! Ovary half superior, villous, S-celled. Styles 8, smooUl.
rf *n a,>'
"'. Testa
cartilaginous,
clfwnl bysrtffl!
the thiT,^rj''
funnel-shaped
deciduous
limb. Filaments filiform. Ovary 2-celled. Apple
1 fiSolSa. | ,,,',WUh Par*'j'putamen. Seeds gibbous.
W"
item
ilw.i1L
".'7'
bluntly
5-toothed.
PctaU
StamensRadicle
erect, included
the lengthbetween
of teeth.
^^'Îledcais """"auT Apple closed, S-5-celled. bearded.
Chalas none.
the
>',",aSouTpuUmento0,ht4 ln*late Orary 10-cellcd. Ovules solitary. Apple 3-S-ccllod,
410
ICOSANDRIA.
CunXIL
11. Oitonetuter. Flowcn polygamous. Cal. turbinate, bluntly 5-toothed. Petals short, erect St&raeni
length of teeth. Style* smooth, shorter than stamens. Achenopses parietal, included in calyx.
S 2. Chary superior,
1140. n'afdsfeinia. Cal. lO-cleft ; the alternate segments smaller. Petals 5. Stylet clvate, deciduouL
Grains
2,
obovate.
1141. Hiiraa. Cal. spreading, 5-cleft Petals 5. Cape. 1-celled, 2-valved, opening inwards, 1-3-seeded.
1142.
Gi/ienit. Cal.
Stamens
very cut
shortround,Capsule
5-cellod.
ll*'i. Sesuvium.
Cal.iiifundibulifonn,
5-parted, colored.,'-toothed
Petals O.Petals
Caps,5. ovate,
3-ccUed,
many-seeded.
1144. Aizuon. Cat 5-parted Pet. O. Caps. 5-telled, 5-valved.
Orderi POLYGYNIA.
jjjjjf Stamens many, perigynous. Stylesnuny.
11*5.
Trtragonia.
Cat
3-5-parted.
Petals
O.
Drupe
U-criled
nut fleshy, inferior, many.
1146. Mcsembryanthemum. Cal 5-clcft Petals many,inferior,
linear. withCapsule
turbinate,
seeded.
Hymfnogyne. Styles about 12, united in a delicate tube
like--1147.
Mescmbryanthemum.
Will. CACTUS.
.
mammillrisff.W./,. garland
small
red-epln*<
coroiitiu
deprssus
Dec.
depressed
stcllns
W.
4!
hoary
vvipams Aunt
6843
GS44
gbbsus Haw. viviparous
gitiboiis
magnimam'musHeu'.arge-teated
45
lnifer Haw. Haw. two-spined
woolly
6
gemmisplims
1
Melocrtus
L.
Turk's Cap
recorvusHaw.
Mill. crook-spincd
recurved
49
6850
nbilis
senilis
Haw.
old
(51
652
broad-spined
6853 Utisplinis
macracnthHaw.Haw. long-spined
6855
MONOGYNIA.
Cacti.
fr 1 jLau
gr
gr 5*
$ my.jn RPk
cucu
grir i il. VV
Jgr
)gr i i
]fr
]gr 1JI jl.au
gr i
gr I
India 1688.
S'-D.
S.S.W.Amer.
Amer. 1784.
1815.
S.Louisiana
Amer.
1811.
1808.
Mexico 18i.
.
Mexico
1823.
Mexico
W. Indies 1(188.
.
Mexico
Mexico 1796.
182a
1823.
S.Mexico
Amer. 1820.

S-P
s.p
S-P
6.
>
s.p
.
SP
.
s.p
SP

s.p
.
G84
Fant gran. Ill

Bot. cab. 1673
Bot cab.79
Bot reg. 137
s. 11!
Use, Propagation,
Culture,
~"
unucr
which,
Theophrastua
describe a dui
spiny
plant, an article of food, which gre_.[
1111. Cactus.
A-,' -"
Sicily.
This,hKgenus
l 01of succulent
plants,
permanent
.
c"n",u'
planta,
in
duration,
singular
in r"T"
generallywwithout
jointe"
.thoiit
leaves,
and having
the
stemareorintermixed.
branches jointed
: for the
most and
part varum,
armed with
"I"'
bundles,
ith
which,
in
many
species,
bristles
in~
Thee
bundle,
of
spine,
of
the tubercle*
in the
smaller
melon
thistle,
whichareis tubercled
alla singi
- _
tubercles.
In
the
great
melon
thistle
the
spines
ranged
in
arc
of
an
ovate
or
globular
form.
The
torch
thistle,
cm
'be
contrary
'
>
"""ThVsteins
.re
branched
i many ofthem
are almostofcylindrical,
with( creuse.
from five
to ten sruiiin. rins, "throw outthatjbc
g
orweak
threeandcornered.
The
structure
the
creeping
Is
"ftSl
*
cannot
suraiort
themselves
; branches
they therefore
.eck .upport
]fr, like.
'< of . < ;ofth.',h,""
Mem, like
ivy. Inare
tescattered
Indian
tig.
thethe
areandjointed,
and fiatted
rne^
4.,ne.
or
bristle,
over
surface,
the
flower,
are
protort
^
branches.
In thefrom
Phyllanthu.
the branche,
are thinner, theyspinel
arc ind
rouu stalk '' '
.ingly
the '"Entures.
indenture*
Thi. seldom
Pereaaia"ha.
mm a round
brcomeni 1 out - S,'!?!I
?leave.m "T1.
',h<?
has anyarespinea.
Pcrcskia
"1
.1>*
"''This
tbranches
""
'"tek i 'he prickle,
large and
OUT, and come
ont*
m band
the 1 1 '; , the ,",
longer.h vr1,
''* ',hc
; intorts
the i.other
are i'"i
larer ',in"| Phû.,
, iiL"VT'
lon-n"w,>r>
Theore
r'P'tcherjhaped
in of tde
.mall,specie,
like they
curranu
but in most a
3 " " l''thistle
c theiror name
Indian
tig. like a large fleshy green melon, with
... deep
__ raj,
aetallmelocart',
ove, w 'h ,i!.. "ri'alon
Turk'sofcap,
appears
green,
fie.hy,t,
"
hlT'orna
When
it
is
cut
through
the
middle,
the
inside
i.
found
tob
Part
of the
S1'VT!!
f '
flower,to England,
and fruit hare
are product
feronce,
and
two MZ
, fu""''ich
have beenThe
brought
been morein circle,
than a round
yard inHi
larga
Linnaeus
Sir
".'..I".n!gh
including
the
cap.
But
in
t
d'ôid, convex,a, vMm'L
"""'""
vinous body,
frm Plant
hichresembles
th a a hedge-hog
procoei
Cuts XII.
ICOSANDRI.
41 1
IH&
Aw
Cal
ureeolate,
5^1eft,
fleshy,
contracted
at
orifice.
Petali
5.
Graine
bony,
hairy,
included
in
theIHM.Anis*
tube ofcalyx.
CaL
5-c!eft
Petals
5.
Berry
composed
of
many
cohering
fleshy
grains.
Receptacle
nearly
irr,IVO. Daliharda. CaL 5-cIeft. Petals 5. Brry dry. Styles 5, long, deciduous.
JUL
Frageria.
10-cleft.
inserted
a fleshy deciduous
receptacle.
liai
, CaL
Cal
10-cleft. Pet
Petals5. 5.5,Grains
lets
than
calyx.upon
Receptacle
ovate,fixed
spongy,
ILit
.
CaL
lO-deft.
Petals
Grains
rugose,
roundish,
naked,
to
a persistent
small dry receptacle.
1151
Like Potentilla,
but cal 8-cleft
Petals
4. generally with a jointed
liai,
GVins.
Cal.
10-cleft
Sepal*
unequal
Petals
5.
Grains
awn. Styles filiform.
I1
Kenia,
Cal
5
.
left.
Pet
5,
orbicular.
Ovaries
5-8,
smooth,
globose.
Ovules
solitary.
(tbbose Stamens unequal, deciduous ; the 12 outer fertile. Grains many.

1151.
CaJyeonlkMt
1L3.byCkmotaaihtu.
equal, persistent ; the 5 outer fertile, in maturity closing the orifice of the
olyxIIS
[heir united
bares.Stamens
Dn/at
CaLLikesimple,
S-cleft.but the
Petals
8. jointed
Grainswith
withthea hairy
1191.
Ceiuria.
Sieversia,
style
top oftail.
ovarium and deciduous, and the achenia
(liwuUr,
includedCaL
in the10-cleft
long turbinate
tubeStamens
of the calyx.
lltn.
Sinenia.
Petals
5.
indefinite.
Ovaries
indefinite,
pa terminal, continuous. Achenia awned with the persistent style. Embryo
erect.with an i
MONOGYNIA.
eredTubercles
with ovate
bearded
tubercles
with woolly spines at end, Wool shorter than spines
Sj
with cylindrical,
tenovateangles
U j*S*aSa
ti(oumiuh
7tkU'depressed
arts 6tlljl1
fineabove
whitishfurrowed
the lowest
multiplex,
Warbj cylindricalSpine*
bearded
pro like hairs
proliferous
below
each parcel of spines
green downy
atwoolly
end, Spines
about
4 strong
Jrtsobovate.
Warts
at endlittle
with more
thanexpanded
SO spinesei
small
very
numerous
with
spines
between,
2
in
each parcel much longer than rest
BE with
i+angi,
Lllh about
15 an*lc">
SP'" broid recurred numerous
atl
î? 5*5
angle*,
Angles
spinescapillary
middle-sixed
STinTT**"11,
^*"- 1Ble*,
straight
fiu&ZlTlsS
SPSalwut
"*yatand
fPin
long str
-" ,'i *!01,
angles,
Hays of spines
variable
lowest
*hl fmawith
""th angles.
Ribs straight
with long
thickthe
white
spinesvery broad flat deflexed
CskSkxactoa, ,
"1^" Partiemtmn.
E5*! 'ho hottes?'?. !!*; bj many thought to bo but one species, grow upon the steep
i"- that
IUI
ni
I1
they
tobe
thrustofouttheofrocks
the apertures,
having
it i trtublesot
Tin ^V**? ,hootlll
downseem
into'Wight
the fissures
to a considerable
". tr"4*mcd
in such
seldomrocks
live
t^ftrow int0
rmth7;Z B" i.u lanU
? tllnc"" ofA*14*1th-Tbrought
the
cattlerocky
repairplaces,
to thetheybarren
gL*?Pwt
The
fruit
p
Sr
their
nom*'
u'ar
off
the
outside
skin,
and
greedily
devour
all
the
E^Wwh
uiloZh of IT
ol the
Wt ^
Indies.
ImrnSSm^^
' b*thc
wiHg 10inhabitants
a p"int at the
boltom>
bluntItatis tneabouttoP:three
tne
l.'ûÛ'^leSo^^lbi,eand
hapeoffulla ofRcrgnmot
pear, having
the skin
W.2, ''Swh'fcsJ'""/" white,
pulp, having
great manv
numVrsoftspines
small onblack
seeda;
IV , . r"u,1,.but ,Mim ,. v,a5d In wann .wons will perfect its fruit, which has very httle
***-^S?
* i*"
"wasloiiiilly
.able in the Wert
India
islands.
I ^.
rlaK,.|i,fLLV
h U-Twm
m1 P"l*0remarkable
where
thev
native*. . grnndiflonis,
bas^T!!*..10
1uffictent
ni kTC
for eaten
their large,
beautybeautiful,
ami are
aweetnesa.
sssnii*r^k',ofverv'nt
i
,n
prcKtue^
manv
exceeding
flowers.
' 'bt^T!TOo^cl<Hi ,' on' "*1 continuing six hours rull blown : sweet
nor do scented
the flowers
ever
ti..- tu?
C^Psklkl
b*l*MM^LiS?
"f*
Iwtween
seven
and
eight
the
clock
in
the
evening,
are
r"n,,l'uanrc there .i | ' ,h(,m"n,iK thev lade, .m.l hang down quite decayed ; but during
're !LL lbeclrx
of lh</J
^"5'"1*'
*
"f K'eater
beauty,
or ; that
make*a which,
mure magnificent
PPear,
1,,
"
*
n
foot
diameter
the
huid*
being
of
1 . 22"
th "/""'"berof
r"'yi "f * bri8htrecurved
* I thestamen*
outî.le surrounding
ta of a dark brown
; theinpetals
bemg of
ofa
'WVh^* * tofiMsWEL
P^W^
the style
the centre
1 i-A-albi 11 Unce- iraiued
1"< nnis ?Th '"yP/ent tn*
Kcnt oiatheplaceflower,
which perfumes
the air to a
whichitflnewill
deserve*
so muchas
ine wail, where
not lake up anyin the
room.hothouse
The usual
season ofthis,its
412
ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA*
6855 peruvinus
Peruvian
tetragnus L.W.Deaf, six-angled
. 6856
6857 specioslssimus
beautiful
. 6858
pentagnus
/..
6859
Koycni L. Saim. five-angled
nine-angled
-.6861
6860 albispinus
L. white-spined
woolly
..6863
6862 lanuginsus
rpandus
L.
wavy-angled
obtusus
Haw.
blunt
6864
imbrictus
Haw.
imbricated
- 6865
Saim. L. black
6866 nget
cyllndricus
- 6867
serpentnus
W.W. cylimlric
serpentine
6868
multangulris
, 6869
hcpUgonus
W. many-angled
even-angled
6870
triangularis
L.
great-triangul.
._
- 6871
triqueter
W.
lcast-triangulara.
6872
trignus
Haw.
small-triangul.
6873 grandiflrus
night-floweringn.w_' ZDj "pi
-. 6874
rptans W. L.~* trailing
cu
" 6875
flagellifrmis
L.
creeping
6876 quadrangulrisHaw.quadrangular
..
6877 eltior fr.
great-bk.-spin'de.
. 6878
Tima
L. Haw. vellow-sp'nied _
6879
nigricans
lesser-bk
-spin. n.n.
6880
polyanthus
Haw.
6881
brasilinsie
W. many-flowered
thin-branched
tLe.
6882
himilis
Haw
humble
688.3 DiUnii Ker.
Dillenius's
6884 opuntia
L.
Ilidian Fig 6885
strictus
Haw.
oval-upright
6886 decumfinus
W. Haw
great-oblong
Opntia maxima
6887
tubercultus
W,
6888
cochinilllfer
L.W. warted
Cochineal
Fig
6889
monacnthus
single-spined
6890
6891 elongtue
triacanthosW.W. long
three-snined
6892
lanccoltus
Haw.
6893
tomentsus
Link. spear-shaped
downy
6894
subinrmis
Link.
few-spined
6895
spinosissimus
6896frox
W. L. cluster-spined
6897
curassavicus
L. ferocious
Pin-pillow
6898
frgilis
ut.
brittle
6899
folisua
W.
glaucous
6900
pusllius
Haw.
Indi. F"
6901 phyllnthus L. small
Spleenwort
6902 phyllantholdes
. aJtut W. Dt. winged
...
W
W.Y
YPa.Y
Pk
Peru
Peru
S.W.Amer.
1815.
Indies
Indies 1728.
1690.
S.W.Amer.
1794.
S.Jamaica
Amer. 1809.
1700.
1813.
Peru
L Amer. 1690.
ISO
S.S. Amer.
Amer. 1731.
1731.
S.S. Amer.
Amer. 1795.
1811.
Brazil... 1816.
... 1795.
1810.
S. Europe 1596.
1796.
S. Amer. 1768.
18ia
Amer. 1688.
S.& Amer.
1816.
1817.
S.S, Amer.
Amer. 1820.
1796.
1819.
Jamaica 1732,
S.Curassao
Amer. 1690.
1817.
N.
Amer. 1817.
1814.
S,S. Amer.
Amer. 1805. lp Plant , i;
&Jamaica
Amer. 1710.
1817. s.p Bot mag.
History, Usv, Propagation, Culture,

flowering
isofinthem
July,forandseveral
when nights
the' plants
are large,Sometimes
many flowers
will open
theflowers
same night,
- nttogether.
six. eight,
or tennone
openarcat"j*JjS*fl"
* bere by
succession
appearance
by candle-light
: but
of them
wan
one
plant,
making
a
most
magnifi.
any appearance of fruit,
...
they
como
out in .
nagulliformis produces a greater number of flowers than the foregoing sort
pink^lor
hen
the
season
is the
warm.flower
Theistotals
arcthan
of a that
fine pink
colorothe
bboth 1 ne 2
i
""numerous,
other.
nu"i
and
the
tube
of
longer
of
the
inroe
or lour Jay.,they
provided
or the .
placesort
where the planU
and, lie notbranches
too wann .'
, jU|
ractlmeiw
ided athelineweather,
,u,"
continuance
slender
.'"i? notmake
jointed, norappearance.
do they extend
so farhasasverythose
of thetrailing
other sort, rru"
'^t.""-"owers,
but"rawberry
seldom ripens.
. _fru..: . ,' fWat
the
ort,
i
?"l*rl':
lhc
pear,
fairer
de
,
Fr.,
bran
the
best
flavored
India i.L.. S"." "ril1- '"id at the same time sweet, pleasant, and cooling- ln Martinique ana m
V
" much
esteemed.
Olins, In the
^ZmSS
thouKi
i;b ',,,!'atu;:
of the
country of the Opuntiani, whose chief tow , was
of the
roadlJfJS
Rome andINi,j , 0thor
a nativcpartsof America,
is nowevenfound
growing
wi on the sides
Italy,it and
In the
Valais.
It as
gland, and Collinsonof had
from Ne foundlafld.
It wasGerardo
fruited says,
in Scotland
m ,
Ohdkr I.
ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
413
5 J"""" ,on* wIUl 6 diMant angles
f Jig Sffi

FX mihS. deep
j f Turro!
""" long
'g with
ith 4abocompremed angle
sus
"i
rum
,UhdrgUJi'r *,lt,, toothed nl<
(LClltu 1 &Erectlender with shallow
naiiow ftirrowi
inrrowi jointed
with 99angles
angles,notJointe
ovate,Spines
Spineswhite
as long; aasvariety
woo) of the last
jointed
with
glaucous,
6861
Erectslender
with
shallow
furrows
long
with
98 obsolete
angles.
Spines
shorter
than
woolthan wool
&B
Erect
slender
with
shallow
furrows
long
with
compressed
wavy
angles,
Spines
longer
03
ilcndcr with
with shallow
shallow furrows,
furrows. Scarcely
Branchesang.
jointed
few bluntly
triangular
Erect
Erect slender
Surface
coveredspines
withlonger
variously
divisions
fit
Erectilender
with (hallow
furrows black
with numerous
brown
thanimbric.
the woollobed
QMS
Erect (lenderwith
iballow furrows
weak cylindrical,
Surface
covered with
netted
crossing
furrows
*"
Erect
rounded
below
long
elegant
with
about
9
angles.
Spines
snow-white
weak,
Wool
very
short
6*8 Erect with deep
18 dosefurrow,
obtuseoblong
angleswith
with7 bristly
d?Erectwith
angles yellowish spines longer than the wool
70
Creeping
triangular
rooting
SS71 Decumbent
rootingicomored
icomered.
Spines
fascicled
divaricating
long
&TS
Creeping rooting
rooting
with
scarcely
channelled
angles, seven
Spinestwo5-7orinthree
stellatelinesfascicles
#73
Creeping
5 angles
tWtCreeping
5-corncredwithwithabout
subulate
spines longer than the wool
5 Creeping
Creeping with
rooting3 orhispid
withwhich
10 angles
*io
areSpinet,
scarcely
channelled.
5-7 in stellate parcels
gg
* J0'"l*
broadly4 angles
ovatc-oblong.
subulate
very longSpines
blackish
,'ointj
broadly
ovatc-oblong,
yellowbrownish black
wC? Erect, Joints oblong and lanceolate. Spines
Spinessubulate
of variouslongshapes
Jointsoblong
andBranches
ovate, Spines
ofvarious shapes
yellow,solitary
IX numerous
solitary
SI
Stem rounded,
ovate compressed
flat. Spines
or 3 together
subulate strong
w.
Joints
cunate
obovate
decumbent,
Spines
variously
shaped
yellow
Erect,
Joints
obovate
roundish
glaucous,
Stigma
6-lobed
H
treepma
prostrate,
Joints ovate. Spines
even
numerous
w
Erect, ovate
Joinu
ovate elliptical,
numerous
shorthair-shaped
w*Joints
oblong
very thick.Spines
Spineseven
unequal
7
proliferous,
Joints oval, Warts with a cluster ofspines the length of the wool
W Jointed
Jomti ovate
oblong unarmed
*t>
p1* Joints
,1" oblong
lanceolate-oWong,
Clusters
of spines
fuscous
weak; one
withvery
one long
strongstraw-colored
white spine
T
or oval.ovate
Spines
numerous
variable
brown
Way! proliferous. Joints
oblong
with strong
white
spines longer
than wool
M
JoiDta
lanceolate
shortsmall
spines, Leaves 3 lines long
2?*>
Bnchl4 otJong
w;th
shortspiny
softwith
hairs,evenSpines
^
ranches
oblong
scarcely
>
Joints
very
long
slender
compressed.
Spines
verv
clustered
whiteat base
joints oblong with numerous stiffspines ofwhichlong
one slender
is very long
and white
i . ^ le Clilldrical ventricose compressed ' 1
[*
5J " ^P"***1 ,hort. Spin numeroi
and Particulars.
London, in the
air. This itactive
horticulturist,
having
ultivating
here.
recollected
rocks,
ar the skirts
of the He
sunny
sidescompost
of that
the
in thii country,
he
planted
it
in
the
first
plant
that
I
turned
out
has
lived
hasvor
enduredrailedonetoexceeding
9 , ER-W^ J '2J1 II* two ta, "iod,ita,
ripen 5 hard
ffi
S
.'.'?'>
J'mated.
The
compost
used
l,y
me
for
(trowing
the
t,tulr"liedbv
L 5*iial ~M*1
abnate of lime ** "hicn 1'me-rubbi.h from old buildings
lb;~3IlhluT;l:-
^""tiratfeon:
these
',hec "llidl
are
* omhb
"Ulyoftrfl, i, i1. ,'.'"" ofT,'Lon,lon
cla>' and l*"t-cnrth,
having conceive
the acid
;! "rjiT?*'
.I1''1;1'
S
,
>'""
'"' hillock,
"" 4>4
L
v
"
*
round,
h,cI
.
;
h,middle
of
a
small
artificial
raised
eighteen
* "iSS&rSS ",e
Howcr n V.'!1, Ix' "-'"lercl perfectly dry, if not naturally ,
V1". in 3
m
ti,?,' "
I '"! to touch the ground, but they"
artihcial
i) ,*~M
i.Irans."
am
;^ rock.wi.rk
7U,- \ttorL
IL ''> Placing stonai, pebbles, flints, or bricki
1l"nt
fort color.
of cochineal insect. The fruit in
Class XII,
414
s.p Botref-fiK
Brain
isla
(POS truncitus
Dil.eltai.St
W. Indies 1818.
1696. s.p
6904
Peres'kia L.link. truncate
Barbad.Gcoseb.ll.e. ^
gr
gr 51 Inan
.
Braail
6905
grandifolius
.
large-leaved
.
3
...
^
S. Amer. 1808.
lOn longispinus //. long-splned tt. O gr S ...
Cacti.
+1112.
RHIP'SALIS.
Garr.
Rhirialis.
W.
Indies
1758.
.
Hook.ex.lSi
6807 Caasiitha O.
naked
1~ ID cu 1
Cactus pntlutus
W. parasitic
sp Plant. grast59
Y S. Amer. 18011. 8.P

6908 parasiticus
BM
1
11 jl
P<J
W S. Amer. 1818.
6909
grandiflorus
/Alto,
large-flowered
_J
cu
C
lP
Y
1817.
6910
en. bundled
6911 f'aaciculitus
talicomoldes il',Haw.
aalt-wort
tt. ~~~J cu
cu 14 i" Y E. Indies 1817. ip Bot. mag.
So. 2.Missouri 1811. Ci; BoLmae.M87 Wtnu
THIS.
BARTONIA.
Ph,
Bartonia.
2 Lasete.
jl.s
6912
naked-seeded
6913 ornu
nida Ph.Ph.
winged-seeded > Ol
Ol oror 5 jl.s W Missouri 1811. s.p
Sp.S. 4fi.
T1114.
PHII.ADEI.'PHUS.
W, SYR1NCA.* or 8 Myrtacete.
Europe 1596. LL Bot.mag.391 ;ti:,
iny.jn
6914.:' coronarme
W. dwarf
common
22 jn.jl
my.jn W
W
nanus
or
Bot. mag H' o.
Carolina
1738. L aw.
6915 inodrua IF.
scentless
or 6 jn.jl W
'6W Carolina 1811. L CO Botreg-a*,
6916
6917 grandflrus
hirsiitus Suit.Ph. large-flowered
hairy
* oror 3 jn W N. Amer. 1820. L Dend. bra. 47 *,
Myrli.
^
1620.
111%
LEPTOSPER'MUM.
1.
LumepEUMi
Botrep.6!
New ZeaL 1772.
6918 scoprium IF.
Kew Zeal. Tea i I or Jnjl
SckibaAUl
N.
1787.
6919 attenutum
flavacens IV.W. yellowieh
Ii )1 oror mv.jl
1?I5.
N.N.S.S.& W.
W.
6920
line-branched
my.jl
Bot. cab. IIB "1
1774.
W.
6921 lanlgerum //. A'. hoary
jnjl
N. S. W.
177*.
6922
pubescen
W. L. . large-leaved
aubes*
II II oror 55 jn.jl
Bot mag. 1S10
Mi.;,
W. IT
6923
grandtflium
jnjl
N.N. aS. vv.
-TJ4
parvillium
W.
jnjl
small-leaved
I
I
or
5
Orr.
le.itLUS
1790.
6925 .tcll.it um Cm. short-leaved
N.
S.
W.
jn.jl
I
i
or
5
Gair.sem.
17*.
N.N.S.S. W.
W. l.S'JJ,
fi92" nexusum
arachnoldeum
I I or 103 my.jl
6927
Link.W. cobweb
flexuose
my.jl
L_|or
Vent
malm.
8!'
N. & W. 17!.
6928
junijierinumIf. W. Junijier leaved
jn. I1
Ca.ia4,tiil.t17!).
6929baectum
N S.S. W.
W. 18(.
il_J|oror 3S2 jn.
jn.
N.
6930 porophy'llum
. berry-fruited
dotted
Bot
cab. 791LUI
inca
N.N. S.W.
6931 triloculare .W. trilocular
23 jn.
jn. 1II
BMtbot
S.W. 1791.
6932amblguum
hook.leaved
HIS.
FABRI'CIA.
W.
Myrtaceat.
Sp.i
Fabric! A.
s.p Ga^Sl.l&f.t
0933 myrtiflia
opposite-leaved
33 my.jn
... YY N.N. S.Holl.
W. 88. s.p Bot mag. W
6934
lavigta W.W.
smooth-leaved
6911
BU
Use,asPropagation,
Culture,Spain, South America, and tlie ....
l^l""",,!?"
fOT History,
fiB) is was
used
hedge plant
Indies When "c
the A,",bic
island ofname
St Christopher
to liea divided
betweenin the
Knglish and the Irencli, tl.ree n
ofthethestamens
tuna weni
consent; and
between
boundaries.
(Sloane.)
J. E. Smith
oftheplanted
flowerbyarecommon
very irritable
that ifthea feather
be drawn
throughSirthem,
in two or>WL
Ihrecs
tney
begin
to
lie
down
gently
on
one
side,
and
in
a
short
time
become
recumbent
at
the
bottom
ol ottia
the "".
,J?
StIS
11
*
,Pccie
011
hteh
the
cochineal
insert
chieflv
feeiis.
The
insect
feeds
on
em
plants
besides
those
of
the
Cactus
genus,
but
this
siiecies
is'cultivated
because
least
annoying
o) "J
grickles.
It produces an
larger
thanonthat
that
opuntia.
On the
the ittop
topsoofolthat
the noiniu
fruitrainu"-.;
there
gnw;
bV~~V.tl"s"l,Jenthcft"r.
an edible
einoie fruit
iruitfalla
larger
(In
tne
- can .e[
downthan
theofoftop ofopuntia.
it, and covers
or de
the A day "/fU"i,"0 11''
beta,Thoscorched
by thethey
heatperceive
of the sun,
the fruit
**??!!
*""" thcmlill,t"Indiansup when
the fruit
open,open.J
aprcad a lag
hnen hovcrmg
cloth, andoverthenthewith
insect,
take the
wingIndian,
'^^ 'm
k^p
plantsticks
till byshake
the the
heatplant,
thjtofalldisturb
downthedead
on sothethat
cloth,theywhere
let un
sSrf,
, ?.
are dry. Chiape,
The iochineal
plants arcin the
called
l.v theofSjianiards
mJ "S
,n ,hc'"''
trjr abouttheyGuatimaia,
and Guaxaca,
kindom
Mexico. Ioooa. "4
,
ft
"'
P"m,t.
of
001'",
observable
in
the
cochineal,
is
entirely
owing
nioiir SS 1,T 'f" lC" ""'' s0 hundant in Jamaica, is covered with in insects,tobutthenotplant
has ml: g"
tnt ,
,
have
very littleThemlexuviatincture in animal
their todies.
from amvr
,e S h. '"""1;1
" diminutive,
""tural foodandoffrom
,he theirusek
ofTr"*
thedinnmsti^c
" sert '
u
TfrV",u,I,f>."e|>arable
essential principlesandof the
dye, salts
an.l most
ri|
Sf,'aif^1
""
h"
!
lrsons
uiion
m.pi.sating
the
juice
of
the
ftniit.
'
.lige to th?ur "e?
'S mild r"tri"e^ i is also a powerful diuretic, and sometimes
orlN!1?.ke'ir',S "r,ed- from,.tne 0""'" "" Plumier, who made this specie, a distinct genus, in memory
of a walnut |,,vi,? ,' ' *,h1?,"', Tournefort says, is his onlv monument, has fruit about the
aI?Si? .H"V-1" " ""'
t, and 'within
whitishwith
mucilaginous
pulprubbish,, is the best r,,1
InourUl.stoves
"awillmixed
littledrained
brick
c" ?u2S'
. the pot, should be as small lomas the plants
allow, anda well
with potsherds. t"J
link
iCifti
tu
1
(i|fc
Col
4
[!i!l
If kl
Cl
LB.
LaLu M,
Li M
!
'
, I
I Ou I.
SOS Branched,
Jointsfleshy.
short oblong
truncated
Leave*
elliptical
Spines
about | an 1.
inch long, Buds
little
woolly
Spind
numerous
variable
strong,
witliwoolly
a strong
rib beneath
6> Leaves elliptical fleshy, Spines 1 anLeaves
inch long, oblong
Buds very
Hffl Branche* penduloui whorled round smooth naked green
pendulous
whorled
green the
younger
with bundle* ofwhite hairs.
( Bunches
Branches
as thick
as a round
quill, Spines
scarcely
anycovered
Wl
Pendulous,round
Branches
Hairs
bundled
lines inconspicuous parcels
11
Jointederect,
Branchesrounded
round fascicled,
and anguhur,
Young
spinesin six
in minute
1! Ovarv leafy, Seeds naked
13 Ovar) naked, Seeds winged
6 Leavessomewhat toothed ovate oblong
15 Luve*
quite entire
*l
Leaves hairy
ovate
acuminate toothlettcd,
Axilsandofangularly
veine hairy,
Stigmas 4 linear
<S17 Leave*
oblong-ovate
acute sharply
toothed
415
ffllS Leaves
obsoletelyCaL
3-nerved,
with colored
teeth
2
Leaves ovate
Iin.Jane,mucronate
obtuse nerveless,
smoothCaL
withsmooth
membranous
nakedmembranous
teeth
aei
!*"
IaIlc'
arute
3"rierved.
^
eUky
villous,
with
membr.
colored
naked
teeth
SI Leave*lana
Leaves oblongoblong
or ovalhairy
muer,oblique
pubescent
on each
3-nerved, Branches villoui, CaL very
reflexed
at endside obsoletely
K&
lanceolate,
shoots
large,membranous
Teeth ofcalyx
colored
rUL
Leavesova!
Leave* obovate
nerveless,Young
Branches
andcolored,
calyxesFlowers
hairv with
Colored
teeth
g Leases ovate Z5S5Sto~3iylF hairy wi">
.-,teethCal.villous
entire jiersistent
"> Ls. tear nmXa-
? !itte *tcr The
''."'.i
I.leafy
of calyj
raooth^,
lc colored
naked, Stamen, lo8or ilthan cor.
I C925
ad Muccaru PertAWe.
Bauhln ofapplied
it to this
* ,'" t* i, .'"'"'"f fr '"i- shrubberv. lue native rountrv
1.in roronarim
Me only
been (bund twice
Italy,
and
Jj," Ik t. f Sr
the
ap]carence
and
odor
ofin those
are
seldom
produced
this
1115 ,"2"" soi!, .,,
' ''umlri grandifloro. ful. rySeeds
shewy plant. All the speciesf
' h "ffi , Jmt, ,lc,,cr' ,
175,,
..h
V
'"
c"
Zealand,
.ijiinl, Chiefly consists of ,llc
tins ,|,0
shrub. inTheNleaves
tveri
(taunt
"'!"?',
<,?""of The
leave
have"irre,,
*">1 ".ved
emeticsmci"
to soZ the
,nS same
' U" manner
loseI,lhl!umcthiiie
both,
when
dry.
tea. It aiHj
also with
witfl,-,'
.......>1Li beef
.as green
t their . ingetiey in . brewing
(ron.tlicm;i was
and they used
rendertHl
UiinTT' " Plants
John ChrUtian Fabric
lia.toiiiulogisi. The *prci<
Class XII.
ICOSANDRIA MONOGYKIA.
41*5
1117. METROSIDE'ROS. if Mbthobidbro^
il
Y \W 1789.
H I or 6
6935
1788.
.1s.l Vent
;6936 hispida
floribunda5m.An. rough
man-flowered : 1I i_J oror 66 jlau w N.N. S.S. W.
(..i. m:mal.L73
|
1816.
W.
6937
cosUta
Sm.
ribbed
1805.
N.S.
W.
my.jn
Y.G
Ii
1
or
15
6938
glomulfera
W.
cluster-flowered
1787.
C.
G.
H.
:.:... P.v
Y.o N.S. W. 1816.
6939 angustiflia W. narrow-leaved
Cav.
ic. 4.19.t S3
Ser.
6940 marginta
P.S. linear-leaved
margined
N.N.S.W.
S. W. 1788.
t( i_J
or 66 jnjn.jtjl
Wen.han.coLl.Ll
6941
linearis
ff.
L_J
Gs.tel.tmi
$6942pinif<'.]ia
Pine-leaved f ; J or 10 mr.jii
1800.
N. a w.
S6943
vimiiiilieW.IV.W.rn. long-leaved
BoL
mag. il'18-1
1788.
N.S.
W.
1 1 i or 6 my.jn
Bot mag
.944 saligna
willow-leaved
N.S.
W.
ifiM
lanceolta FF.
-leaved 1i 1i jI oror 1010 jn.n
Bot.
mag.
161
1803.
N.
S.
W.
inr.jn
, p.l. Lindl
$694.. speciea K.M. splendid
E.N.S.W.
Indies 1819.
in
Iron-wood J or 20 mr.jn
Bol cab.coll.M18
$6947
vra
hindi.
true
Irol
1818.
S6948semperrtrene Lodd. ever-blowing 1 1 I or 10 inr.jn
.1
N.S.W. 1829.
5ftH9 linearifha Link. linear-leaved H_J or 6 mr.jn Pk N.S.W.
1821. .1
wrinkled
{6950 rugulsa W.
Myrtacfte. S^7lnLil656. ! Rum.am.Ltfl
G(JAVA.
1118.
PSI'DIUM.
W.
Or
W.Indies
1692. r.rn
r.ro Rhe.maUt
G951
pyrlferum W.W. white
Indies
1692.
0 Ir 207 .N1
jn.jl. W.
Aub. guLl.tH>l
6952
Indies
1779.
1CJfr
I or 55 myjl
... W" W.
aromatic
6953 porolferum
aromticum /. red
r.ra Bot. mag. 1779
W. Indies 1811- .
cordate
6954
cordatum
.
M.
W.
Indie*
1779.
fr
4
...
W
mountain
6955 polycrpura
montanum W.
Trinidad 1810. r.rn Bot. reg- 6
uttered
6956
I I frfr 203 my
my.jn W
W S.Amer. 1818. r.m LmdlcA
6957 t'attleinum //.
Lindl, purple
Myrtacece.
Sp.
1437.
1 Li NT,1
Bot. rep. 438
1119.
EUGE'NIA.W.W. Malay
fr 25 my.au S
6958
narrow,
6959 malaccnsii
Jmbos it'.
flowered
X | ,:- 8. Hl Btn*M
many6960
barunsis
W.
] 8
0961 myrtiflia
Ker. myrtle-leaved
M. austrte
or 10 I
W Jamaica 1793. lp
6962axilUm
W. . M. axillary
or io ap.my W Jamaica 1791). s.p Bot !!*
m.l.tliH
sweet-scented
6963
frgrane
W.
1. 1873
I
or
10
small-fruited
6964
Mini I'. W.
1 1 I or 8 my.e W
round-fruited
6965c.liptica
1I
or
8
au
privet-leaved
6966
ligustrina
W.
3 K5? *
one-flowered
6967 uniflora
I oror 107 ja.mr
jn.jl
Ceylon
$6968
leyUnicaW.
I or 10
broad-leaved
691atUolia
W.W.
USO.
6970 CARVOPHYL'LUS.
irorniticus P. S. P.S.
tMISl.
MYK-TUS. W.W.
971 commnii
requiring
to grow toina "SSmSr
good ' her l',lorV.
V, Propagation,
../ture, r axaeranr; i * |1
airffife
"" prodUM
"wer* arc weU
thi?r V 1 JE!ne it is o wirce am ,
T1"1 chin make thoir riidner. i.nd anchor, of it ml
nSfl ?" "*he
b1 ,Imtmel
, . Im"^'V1"""
only allowed
to be being
manuractured
the KT",'
ZuL4
of clo'
- "uorial"u"
"n'1 '"rilen,
mixed within P,n,
<nd '
Plan ,.",|"'. With ,S. ' 1?"" llu"nP''hcd at .ight by tie peculiM character rflfj
CndeWii10;
flwcrer..
are
,
h
"^"'"0'
L
msI,da.
lanceolu,
and
pecio,
are
bdrtjj
1118
in "niL"
aro rather difficult to rike. Sweet recommend, " ripened wood planted
iL!!? ,ATri^'n ""me 0,m,Wm?.?
.*1. In Enalish it U calledjd Guam,
corruption
uuava,
- abo
als0
: .- of the 'hc
cpecJei
=.aa -hich
ripens freely in this country, thouifh it is of little merit. P, pyriferum lars fruit me .
^ flc<n
yellowish,
with aromatic,
a peculiarand
shiell. The rindIn the
is brittle
and flcsli i'-'p .t-X,;;.'",""
colored
sweet,
West Indies
i any
b"
5light
g "fftrins
out by I-.uroiâns
: with thosepleasant.
who are not accustomed
to it,hothehasGuava
'";,,",111
eatenisofaptit toto sat.ety

thoutcd
wi,th sugar,
harm!"1 j1, *'
that
when
he
has
been
thirstv
on
a
journey
i eaten raw in the dessert, but the seeds arere Scarcely
scarcely separable.
separable It ta also P..
genti!is coiintco
ofaie
i,
like a wnic^r.
d e, u.e.".".'.;,forth<;"'>aeh.
i
, " . "' "U't
"osiomacn.
p.V. Cattlianum
is reckoned oneof the best of the Ouri'-.-. . .tieuit
straw'
,:" ,
strawberry.
All
he
and
?re
'""l'
'"'
B"tence
and
davor
l>ears
a
considerable
t^P'SltoKBl.,
la)c"'
cutting. ?und . T.y c"""re
m,d rather rldl loam- are increased rena ' '
.
fi'
itli ba
il Eu -
.
.&
sBStBl
i
Ohuek I.
BS
Leaves
oppwitc
cordate
at
base
stem-clasping,
Branche
calyxes
andumbelled
peduncles hispid
*
LcaT oppositestalked
opposite stalked lin.-l.4nc.
ovate lanceolate,
Panicle
brachiate,
Fedic.
f/C7
Leaves
acuminate
oblique,
Panicle
brachiatc
decompound
BW Leaves
Leave* opposite
opposite lln.-lanc.
ovate netted
veinyPedunc.
beneathaxillary
pubescent.
HeadsBractes
lateral stalked
and bracte downy
1*09
naked,
umbelled,
lane,
smooth
0
Leaves
alternate
lanceolate
3-ncrved,
Fl
racemose
clustered
terminal
smooth
6W1
Leaven
scattered
linear
channelled
acute
rigid,
Fl.
lateral
clustered
sessile
fiHi
Leaves
alternate
lin. Aliform rigid mucronate
channelledpubescent
rough, FL clustered sessile
mi Leaves
leaves alternate
alternate linear-lanceolate,
fiPH
lanceolate mucronate,
narrowedFLatclustered
eachlateral
endlateral
mucronate,
FL lateral
clustered sessile *
ffit Leaves
alternate
lanceolate
Fl.
clustered
sessile
pubescent
Leaves ovate-lanceolate
scattered lanceolateveinv
glandular
mucronate,
Caps,
downy
at end
&f
Leave*
acuminate
quite
smooth,
Cymes
stalked
many-flowered
ffitt Leaves
Very like M. lanceolata,
but the blossoms
appear
more
649
Iin.-lanceolate
a long
acuterough
point copiously
6950
Leaves alternate
lin.-lanceolate
with s> longwithpoint
dotted
trSl Leaves elliptical pubescent beneath, Peduncles 1-fiowered
Leave* oblong
oblong acuminate
lanceolate pubescent
beneath, Peduncles j-.lowered
fi&i
54 Leaves
Leave*sessile
smooth.
J-J Peduncles 1-(lowered
Brandies reclnate
S Lea cmire g"0"*,' "><** ** lateral
i. !
V
KS L,
tauhotomom lateral and terminal, Sttrac much longer than n*i
|&tr
1 m.y n. the length
ofpetiolc,
We. entire
tire elliptical
^..-""^,^
Iho length
of leaves
Sh, Laves
acuminate
5?- m>-",1U7 'chotoraous
many.fl. racemose
shorter
shorter ththan 4leaf
W Lam.nmro LatenaniS 1^?!?b.S"ic"uiterminal, Fruit globose
* Leaves ent re ublone .,7^ "fume, i.aowered solitary lateral
W,S^*^WM
ooiong , Mtcd mth rama,Pedunc.
Pedunc1-.1-fl.aliform
about 3 In fruit nodding
Theonly species
6971
J^CTia. , hm,ot
< ">'5 Particular's.
SsSlh 'Ses""fr * * rcâ'V"lf"'';^ L** 4e,,,is is ovate, an M
. p. fr', "I'?1,omn<lnotproduced
60 mucn esteemed
; it is nevcr-in
the p|4a,"
'"especies
Janthlnb loai
1.
in great abundance
Kanuareofa)^,^
''' iwo-tmrils
ireeiy in sand under hand-glass.
iS^to.^ *"' '"1?'"1,'/1 ".',""'1!
called
;1:11,"'1',|>^^^
.V*rf,or.
la thought<*>.
toandbear
mineit
? * ! 0 >e fruit or , c ,v?'T',F^
TllePf-.
Dutch.
i,
and
as
s'^h
?
'*
'>dered
one oY the
; a stiinulaiTt le ] * , |",',"U", USKl. " '"> ernally,
but hottest
externally,
*?f
in the "Mam
ache,' '": " 'I1.0"'"
' ""succeeds
f dove,inhas'si, i adminietcred
tosubduing
adv.nitagc:
is alsoA
! M cime
ifledpii
ily
abating
and
theisitpain.
bug
PhUtieation
4 i '" P"!".th
wdl
"il
oil,
which
latter
perhaps
3
S tetge
the IF 2f
of
innumerable. The Dutch
>ut tlic could the tree from being
~ mm ^ urn,.ulV, "i saml, in moist heat under a hand.glass.
J1-ôrtTg., te/yf
/' tie',., UW, Dutch,
"".liichhi,'
' bwn In SS
T. i, for
r an unknown length
,Th0 of timemyrtle
a from
wcl
nnglish gardens
; evidently
l e
r.m
S. Europe 1597.
w
Italian,
or. ** ii 1I oror 66 {Lau
yi Ixe'tica
il
1597.
\v S.S. Europe
jl.au
Orange-leaved
r.m
r.m 1I
Europe
1597.
jl.au w
Portugal
H i J or 66 jl.au
i lusitanien
r.m
S.S. Europe
1597.
w
broad-lvd.Dutch\
blgica
Europe 1597. r.m
W China
Rosemary-tod. m l_J or 26 jl.au
m' '.\
1776.
jll.jl i"
Pu
woolly-Leaved
6972*) mucrvnta
tomentosa W.
LL s.p
Jamaica
17^9.
W
*m
oror 106 ap.my
two-flowered
6973
IV.
f.p
Surinam
1793.
...
W
shining
6074
lcida
W.
LL s.p
\V.
Indies 1793.
ft I(ZDloror 36 jn.jl... W
bushy
6975
dumsa W.W.
Dominica
1776.
w Jamaica
Greg"
6976Grg
L s.p
s.p
1787.
610 jl-au
W
twiggy
or
69T7
virgultosa
W.
Jamaica
1759.
my.jl W Hispaniol.1739. LL s.p
6978cris
W.
Wild
Clove-treeii
CD
or
Scris
f.
s.p
6979 coricea W.
Sumach-leaved fDor ao0 my... w
W \V. Indies ... L a,p
6980 pimentoides Lindl. Allspice-like * CD or
Muriacear. 46.
1122.
W. Calyftrantiirs.
\V. Indies 1778. L s.p
20 my.jl
6981 CALYPTIIAN'THES.
Zuzygium W.W. oval-leaved
E. Indies 1796. L s.p
... W
W
S6982
Jambolna
Jambolana-trce JT
CD tm
or 20
Jamaica 1778. L -P
20
mr.my
W
6983
Chytraclia
W.
forked
20 ... W E. Indies 1822. L .?
6984 opbyHifolia W. clove-leaved
Myrtacear.
1123.
Pimevta. cul 30 my.jl
W W.indtei 1723. L f.p
6985 PIMEN'TA.
vulgaris Lindl.LindJ. Allspice-Tree
'iL
Myrfacea:.
t
112*.
Olyntiia. t or 2 ap.jl
I793L L fl.p
W Sp.Jamaica
6986 OLYNTHIA.
riisticha Lindl. Lindl.globe-berried
Myi lus dsticha W.
Myrfacea*.
Sp.
12.
1125.
STRAVA'DIUM.
Just.
Stravadium.
... ... E. Indies 1822. L s.p
6987 acutnguluro, Juss. sharp-angled J or
sp.ft.304a
Myrtace.
W.Brown
Eucalyptus.
1126.
EUCALYPTUS.
1794. LL LP
s.w. 1804.
30 au-s
Gum-tr.1 IL_JI tm
6988
robusta Sm.
N.S.W.
tin
SO
beaked
6989rostrta
Cav.
LL Lp
Lp
1804.
N.S.W.
L_l tin 30
narrow-leaved
6990
pilulris
Sm.
l.p
1804.
N.
S.
W.
Ii 1I tm
30
G991 tereticmis Sin. long-homed
178S. LL lp
N.N. S.Holl.
W. 1794.
tona
30
ap-jl
Red
Gum-tree
6992
resinfera
Sm,
;\ I) tm
30 ap.jl
6993
L Lp
Lp
N.
HolL 1S(V4.
6994 marginta
capiteltta Sm.
Sin. thick-edged
1K04. LL 1-P
N.S.W.
i_J tm
tm SO30 ...
willow-like
6995
saligna
Sm.
l-p
N.S.W.
1804.
I
J
tm
30
bunched
6996
botryoides
Sm.
L Lp
N.N. Holl.
II II tm
6997
botryoides
Sm.Sm. glaucous-leaved
HolL 1803.
1S0S. LL Lp
tin 30SO ap.jl
red-mouthed
6896
hjcmnstma
lp
N.S.W.
6999
Sm.
Peppcrmint-tr. ii II tm
Lp
V.N.S.W.
Diem. 1788.
1774. LL Lp
tm 30100jl.au
7000 piperita
obliqua
1788.
7001
corymbosaW. W. oblique-leaved
corymbus-flow. il tm 30
418
History,
Use, Propagation,
Culture,
what
Geranie
and Evelyn
say, before
the
invention
of among
greenhouses,
and probably
in that i
covering
or
housing
in
rooms.
It
was
a
great
favorite
the
ancients,
for
its elegance,
wert
leaves.
It
was
sacred
to
Venus,
either
on
this
account,
or
perhaps
because
it flourm
m-ightoiir.i>od
of tho sea.at Athens.
Myrtle-wreaths
adornedand
the berries
brows ofwerebloodless
authority for magistrates
Both branches
put intovictors,
wine, and
am! thr
in me cookery of the ancients. The myrtle was also one of their medicinal plants. A
astringent,
but
it
is
discarded
from
modern
practice,
Vona,cea'
sometlineshead.
failedItwild
cinnamon,
is a flowers
most elegant
tree,awith
as
mint
and pyramidal
grows
slowly,
and
late twice
yeara handsome
In red,
old trees,
mill
T
,
Wu
1,1
shre,l
w1""4"
bave
an
aromatic
quality.
The
timber
is
very
m .V.r. 1,0 ,tclTiep. which are the size of peas, and of an agreeable aromatic smell a
iio ^ purpose* FroTn
whS'ih^""'*"',
a lid, and ' a flower, in allusion to tho pi
are uiiiSLi i": -s ,4 from
coupled, in allusion lo the manner in which the bn
ttii"
J* t."*,"l>sVrv,'sC J)l,ni*'l;uia,
the Javaonesplum,
plantsKonus
root Z\
'* ,l ,,otfrequently
strike freelytailed
; ripened
strikebears
bestainblack
sand esculent
under a I
231,111{. Cult.
U.)
handsome
tree
^,m',B01"ls
7
distinguishable
from
Myrtus
by
the
structure
of areits i
are
succeeded
their
Sit'," patrP]e
the
l,nrtscrowned
of the nor,1)
fii(icpersistent
r Jamaica.
The
flowers
all-pice,
from
berries
with
a
calyx
:
they
are
called
gathered before beim Ii
. e thoutnt to resemble a composition of all other spices..
"v'K ripe, and are carefully dried on mats or terraced floors in the shade.
i... :
Ca:
fct'-
Obdek .
i Leaves
jan ovate-lanceolate
ovate-lanceolate close
acut,tosether
; Leaves lanceolate ovate acute g
Leaves lanceolate acuminate
419
*T5 aêTaxlff^vecv^r?
TjT""1. ^ "tenuated
5
^^^,^
acuminate
E
>. lateral
terminal ,,lSei
t lan.4.u>
P"1*'
TO Peduncles
axillarvandtennina
r,br,,M
. lanceolate
attenuatedbeneath
tohotomou, peeled. Lev* oblong
Leave, diitichoiu deaeied

fi*7 Leaves etenate, Raceme rery los> | (
i^^^r1"
SR
ovate
S
fe?conical
"rounded
SShSja
atta'
Ltd
verv SS ^*'
pntracted in muidle,
Umb"buque
utiril
8^,^T* "l* lateral solit.-^""'
gfKaS^^-^ ^ latera, Llitar,
* Im , i""1 *ey. P ?,'1 "ullt',rb 1'r"it turbinate
' 71 rt""'d' L1" "ôeriea, mucronuUt,
terTS " dr, and JTt 'f""" ^.
7001
A gems sqwr.itoi
.leromit
i arcV-coueoIidateL
A mailIr.nn
btoveVhrU...
un
ho bark of various specie, ,.f

l i'
and it i<
a species of
* 'wane plain,^largc
fr ," ; conservator,, tu tbey groefrom
ver, fa,,, and are
420
N.S.W.
N. Holl.
N. Holl.
N. Holl.
1804.
1803
1823.
1823.
...
W.
N. Holl.
1823. L co
U or 30 ...
U or 30 ...
U or 30 jl
W.
W.
N. Holl. 1823. L. co
N. Holl. 1823. I co
W.
W.
N. Holl.
N. Holl
W.
N. Holl. 1823. L co
long-leaved
7006 mdia Link.
intermediate
l_J or 3
7007 mucronta Link.
mucronate
7008 trintha Link.
three-flowered
7009 persiclflia Lodd.
Peach-leaved
ery
u_j or 30 jn
7010 pulverulnta Link.
U or 30 " ...
ong
7011 elongta Link.
...
myrtle-leaved * L-J or 6
701.2 myrtifolia Link.
701S microphylla Link. small-leaved

7014 stenophylla Link narrow-leaved
7015 hypericifolia Dum. Hypericum-lvd.*
hairy
7016 hirsuta Link.
7017 purpurscens Link. dark-branched
1127. PU'NICA. W.
7018 nna W.
7019 Grantum W.
S alba
2 plna
7022 nna JW.

7023 incna W.
7024 orientlis W.
7025 pumila Jy.
rnus sinnsis P.S.
N. Holl.
W.
W.
W.
N. Holl. 1823. L. co
N. Holl. 1823. I co
N. Holl. 1823. I co
L J or 30
L or 30
...
...
W.
W
N. Holl.
N. Holl.
Myrti.
* LJ or 5 jls
fr 18 jn.s
or 10 jn.s
white-flowered sk
double-flowered # , or 10 jn.s
fr
fr
or
fr
fr
or
common-dwarf
or
*
woolly
silvery-leaved is u_j or
or
double-dwarf #4
15
15
15
15
15
2
2
10
4
Bot. cab. 501

Bot. mag. 2087
1823. L. co
...
...
...
ALMown.
*1128. AMYG'DALUS. W.
common Peach
$7020 Prsica W.
Nectarine
A Nectarina
double-flowered
2 plna
Sweet-almond
7021 commnis W.
Bitter-almond
8 amra
1817. L. co
1816. L. co
U or 30
U- or 30
U-jor 30
PoMEGRANATE.
dwarf
Common
s.p
s-p Lab. voy. 1. t. 20
co
co
W.
w
W.
W.
u_j or
Ujor
Ljor
U or
nicled
orned
netted
L.
L
I
L.
...
...
...
...
30
50
30
30
7003 cornuta Lab.

7004 reticulta Link.
7005 longifolia Link.
7002 paniculta L. T.
Class X II.
1823. L co
1823. L co
Sp. 2.
R
W. Indies 1723. C. r.m. Bot. mag. 64
S
S
S
China
S. Europe 1548. C. r.m. Bot. mag. 1832

...
S. Europe ...
Rosaceae. Sp. 6.
Persia
ap.my R
Persia
ap.my R
Persia
ap.my R
Barbary
R
mr.ap
Barbary
mrap R
Russia
mr.ap R
Caucasus
mr.ap R.
Levant
mrap R
China
myjn R
C. r.m. Bot. rep. 93
C. r.m Tr. ehr. t. 71.f.2
1562. B. h.1
1562. B. h.l
...
B. h.l
1548. S. h.l
1548. S. hil Blackw. t. 195

1683.
...
1756.
1683.
B
B
B
L.
s.l. Bot mag. 161

s.l Pall. ross. 1. t. 7
sl Bot. cab. 1137
s.l. Bot. mag. 2176
7018
generally well clothed with beautiful foliage; they will also flower freely, when of a moderate size. The best
soil for them is a mixture of loam and peat; and cuttings of them may be struck in sand under a bell-glass;
. (Bot. Cult:189)
but they are not so free to root, as most of this natural order are
1127. Punica. This fruit was called by the ancients Malum Punicum, Carthaginian apple; because, as Pliny
tells us, the tree was first known to grow in the vicinity of Carthage.
Hence has the term Punica been con
as a hedge-plant, as P. Granatum
structed. P. nana has very small fruit and flowers, and is used in the West Indies
(from granum, grain, on account of the numerous grains of its fruit) is in the south of France and in Italy. The
latter, in its wild state, is a thorny bush not unlike our hawthorn: the flowers have a fine appearance, and the
in many parts of England; and
wall,
south
a
against
trained
fruit,
produce
will
fruit is very ornamental. It
under * glass-case, or against a flued wall, it is probable, the fruit might be as highly flavored as that imported
from Genoa and Leghorn. The flowers come out at the ends of the branches, singly, or three and four together;
and, therefore, in pruning, care must be had to bring into action only the strongest buds. For this purpose, all
the weak shoots should be cut out, and the stronger ones shortened, so as to produce bearing-shoots over the
whole tree. The best soil is a rich strong loam.
The double-flowering varieties are to be treated in the same manner, and are highly ornamental.
1128. Amygdalus. The Greek name of the almond. The species are fruit-trees, or ornamental trees and
shrubs, both much esteemed for the gay color and early appearance of their flowers... A. Persica, the peach
by its
the palate
to grape
more gratifying
it ishowever,
fruits;
European
exquisitely
most
thethe
bears
and
and melon
prefer the
Some,
the melon.
than
delicate of
and moredelicious
grape,
than
ofjuicy pulp
massnectarine,
fo the peach and nectarine; but the most delicate of taste consider the latter as surpassed only by the pine-apple.
The varieties of peach and nectarine are numerous, and by raising from seed might easily be rendered innumer
able. The best varieties have been raised in France, at Montreuil, a village ofpeach growers for the Paris market.
-
Some good varieties have been raised in England by Mr. Knight, and other members of the Horticultural So
ciety. The to attain its proper flavor, must be protected by glass during the spring and earlier summer
months, and exposed to the direct influence of the weather during the ripening process., Ripened under
glass, unless very liberal supplies of air are given, the flavor will be very inferior. Mr. Knight considers that
the direct rays of the sun (without the intervention of glass) are of great advantage to the proper ripening, and
the peach.
the coloring
essential
into two varieties; that with downy fruit, or the peach, and that with smooth
the A.,ofPersica
"'to divides
i. he nectarine. There are various instances on record (Hort. '' vol. i. p. 103.) of both fruits growing
, '' even on the same branch; and one case has occurred of a single fruit partaking of the nature
aches d'. consider them as one fruit, arranging them in four divisions; the pches, or free-stone
'. of whose fruit separates readily from the skin and the stone; the pches lisses, or free-stone
or free-stone smooth peaches; the pavies, or cling-stone peaches, whose flesh is firm, and adheres
ORDER I.
421
7002 Lid hemispherical obtuse, Cal. angular, Umb. panicled terminal

7003 Lid very long and cornute, Heads lateral solitary, Style persistent 3-4-fid at base, Leaves lin, lanceolate
7004 Leaves lanceolate subfalcate acuminate subovate at base oblique netted with veins beneath
70.5 Leaves lanceol unequal at base, on one side rounded with an incurved point, Branches axillary many-fl.
7006 Leaves lanceolate with a long point at the base subovate oblique with parallel nerves beneath
7007 Leaves lanceol. with a short point wavy with parallel nerves beneath and a marginal nerve on both sides
7008 Leaves obl. unequal at base attenuated falcate with axillary 3-fl. peduncles and sessile flowers
7009 Leaves lanceolate stalked, Pedunc. short axillary 6-12-flowered

T010 Leaves amplexicaul. with a short point glaucous beneath
7011 Leaves lanc. attenuated with a filiform point netted with veins beneath
7012 Leaves acute reticulated, the nerves united at the margin
7013 Leaves falcate at end, those on the branchlets small clustered
7014 Leaves linear narrowed at base obtuse veiny with nerves united on this side the edge
7015 Leaves 6 lines long and 14 broad with the lateral parallel nerves united on this side the edge
7016 Leaves stalked cordate obtuse with nerves downy beneath, Branches and peduncles strigose
7017 Leaves amplexicaul. lanceolate with a long point glaucous beneath
7018 Leaves linear, Stem shrubby
7019 Leaves lanceolate, Stem arborescent
7020 Leaves with all the serratures acute, Flowers sessile solitary
7021 Lower serratures of the leaves glandular, Flowers sessile in pairs
702 Leaves ovate attenuate at base simply and finely serrate
702.3 Leaves oblong lanceolate serrate downy beneath
7024 Leaves lanceolate entire silvery perennial shorter than footstalk

7025 Leaves lanceolate doubly serrated
both to the skin and stone; and the brugnons, or nectarines, or cling-stone smooth peaches. Knight. (Hort.
Trans. iii. 1.)
The double-blossomed peach is one of the most ornamental of spring-flowering trees; its blossoms appear
about three weeks later than those of the common peach.
A. communis and amara, and especially the former, are employed as ornamental trecs in front of shrubberies,
and in suburban gardens. In the south of France, Italy, Spain, and different parts of the Levant, they are culti
vated for their fruit. In France they have above a dozen species or varieties, besides a hybrid called the almond
peach. (See Duhamel.). The common and bitter almond are only to be distinguished by the taste of the kernels
of their fruit. The Jordan almonds, which come from Malaga, are the best sweet almonds brought to England;
the bitter come chiefly from Magadore. The bitter cuticle of almonds is taken off by immersion in boiling
water. The almond eaten as food is not very digestible, and requires to be well masticated.
Robertson (Hort. Trans. iii. 382.) and various botanists consider the peach and almond as one species.
Four distinguished and ingenious attempts have been made to class the varieties of peaches and nectarines
by the leaf and flower as well as the fruit: the first is by Poiteau, in the Bon Jardinier; the next by Count
Lelieur, in his Pomone Franaise; the third by Robertson, nurseryman, of Kilkenny, whose arrangement is
founded on the glands of the leaves; and the fourth, and most important, by Mr. George Lindley, in the fifth
volume of the Horticultural Society's Transactions. The latter writer has, in a peculiarly distinct manner,
arranged no fewer than 155 sorts of peaches and nectarines in well defined divisions or sections.
The bitter almond contains less fixed oil, than the sweet almond, and a portion of prussic acid or
hydrocyanic acid, upon which its narcotic power is supposed to depend. This variety is said to operate
as a poison on dogs and some other animals, but not generally on the human species. The distilled water
exerts an action not less deleterious than that of laurel water on the human frame. It produces vertigo,
head-ache, tinnitis aurium, dizziness of sight, and vomiting, when taken to the extent of thirty drops
*
and a drachm of it has killed a stout dog. When a large doze is taken, death almost instantly follows. In
order to counteract its poisonous effects recourse is had to diffusibles, as brandy and ammonia; or three or
";
four spoonfuls of oil of turpentine may be given at intervals of half an hour. The fixed oil, which both varieties
#
yield by expression in large quantity, is insipid and inodorous when heat has not been
of
almond
employcd.
' almonds are
used more as food than as medicine, but they afford little nourishment.
Heartburn is
said to be relieved by eating six or eight of them decorticated. When triturated with water, milky mixtures
or emulsions are formed; and they are also used in pharmacy for assisting, by trituration, the combination of
substances, such as camphor and the resins with water. Bitter almonds are scarcely ever used medicinally.
(London
151.)
A. mana and pumila are very ornamental shrubs,
in their double and single varieties.
2 e 3
''
Class XII.
423
3347.
Roact.
Sp
'11*29.
PRU'NUS.
IV.
Vlvm
&
Cherry.
wooda. LL Eng.
3030 .my
W Britain
7026 Pdus W.
Bird-cherry
Will. bol
at.ar.L5.CS
11383
4. f.S
Britain
ap.my W
ft virg'miii.i
W. Ph. Virginian
LL WilL
Virginia
1724.
90
my.jn
W
DenibriL
N.
Amer.
30
my.jn
W
American-Bird
sertina
IV.
W Jamaica
West Indian
PI or 2020 jn]a.d W
7029
occidentlis
SLL Millic.tl95.Cl
Portugal 1784.
168.
Laurel
7030
lusitanica W.W.W. Portugal
1759.
30 my W Carolina
Evergreen
Bird
7031 caroli.ina
ar. 1.L13S
Duh.anstatt
Levant 1629.
common Laurel*t
7032
Iaurocrasus
1714. GI. - 1 Jac.
2012 Ap.my
ap.my W
W Austria
703.3
MahlcuJT'.IV. fV. jotfumed
MilLicl89. !
N.N. Amer.
1756.
dwarf
2
my
W
7034
nmila
Amer. 1805. L 1.1
4 my
W
70-35
P. S. Blackchoke-ch.idk
t SO
my W
W Austria 1507. LG il Jac
7036 hyemlis
chamavrasus
Eng.c.reg.
bot.I
7037
Crasu W. IV. bastard-cherry
common-chcrryV
208 ap.my
1S21. GG Bol
7038
Psedo-ccrasu9/,mrf.Chinese-cherry
6
ap.my
Pk
Dcnd.
brit
7039 Bomncrflrens
JT
W England
t 4131CS
S Blackw.
i7O40
vium f'. W.Ar. Toussaint-ch?r.
Corone-cherry
5020 p.my
ap.my W
WilL ar.tS.
N. Amer. 177a SG Bot
7041
|tenby1vnica
Penaylvanian
30
ray
\V
mag. 1117
N. Amer. 17731
;7042 japnica
nigra W. P. S.
black
20 ap.my W Japan
GG Bot reg. 7
18.
7(4.1
Japan
5f
2 inr.my
Pk
Dauphiny
1823.
7(44
brigntica
.
Bnanon
Apr.
20
ap.mv
W
e-bot 171
England
hed. SG r.m Eng.
7045 InstUm
domesticaIK
common-Plum
$$
20
ap
bot Ml
7046
Britain hed.
Bullace-tree
208 ap.my
ap W
W
LL r.m
N.N. Amer.
1629.
7047
.
IV.
W
Myrobalan
H
Bot
cab.
1007
.1
Amer.
1805.
7048
dei>rcssa
T'A.
Sand-clierry
stt
4
my
W
N.N. Amer.
1806. LI. ,,lS.l
7049
Ph.T'A.
Chicasaw- Plum Si
64 my
ap.my \V
Amer.
1800.
7(0
martima
sea
W
L
s-p
TOSI
Susquclinna
Ph. glaucnus-lcavctlik
N.Britain
Amer. 1800.
my W
bot 1SG
hed. SL s.1 Eng.

"052 nrostrta
'
S.oe-trec
156 mr.ap
W Crete
Bol reg.
f7(153
IV.
1808.
Birch-leaved
jJ
1 ap.my
Pk
L
Bot
cab.
1596
7<V>4bore4a Mick.
N.N. Amer.
1822.
Choke-cherry
20
my.jn
W
Amer. 1823.
pigmy
97066
5 7056 pTgtna'a
anneiiacaif./,.
commoii-anric. 9
154 my
f.mr W
W Levant 154& L
,7026
83
. Prunus The on I f Hu,r!/. Vk, Propagation, Culture,

, wh,ch i. called 4Sd2T 'MLLhc
praeter, of that .ection ofShe natural order .
ofandwhile
flower.,
berria
.?.!;.',.!^^(1-':1,0,)'>
!? "
","
tree, byin it.-(hipurple
leaf,
buncbo
Sweden,
and and
in both
mSSHoASS^
r0,''?nd
" inmmon
nativeanbark,
wood,
ofScotland
v,Jr"i"
'*
"""oua
to
the
laatc
though
^J'i'
"lf""<L'
>riU
order
to
give
them
agreeable
venereal complaint,, and al, with u.'?Wd'ly,ea,C'n '"- Tne ' b, the Unlnder, toarar,
cure
aZ
<V vemed,
V tree
^wnI
S?.i-?'"*r! P""'
Stockholm
>>., pnrpo.
beaut.full,
and u*xlver,rar Sft
gK'net
"et " ; Duti""1"
'11!for" the
cop-wood.
Vhc wood u
P. rubra greatl, re.emblra p
",*'" I'.rancf. " t"t of . virgiiian. in America.
P. Lauro.cera.iu
one
of our
Carolinians u an imperfect
evergreen
land1
, 157e;"i0,he Mfir.ti.p"m,n
c *JJ
lP"larêvergreen..
It MI",
ggJSoffrom
Con.tanlinople
to HoiturVS0"'
inform^
nJ!f , ,"eCV,!r
*' 4'.".
">e
ahalf
merchant
r
""ward.
16881,
Ha,
informmî,t
"
wintcr
"
ithgarden
im<-na
blanketMr ItJame,
Ini.le.snowCole,
than
a ccn-Ir.
ahrublr,e,
a.
the
.
The
kerneUI
ki
t.
?L""f
"","10"
ln
a.
univenal
,m,i
".'inatI
l'-Pvatio.
;
but
th^.
e
fn
,cavcs
haa
led
to*
u
in
flavoringcu.urd.
and
l <? plftct of th" dil ,Tr b CS, "i" P01?"01". 'hoy ought to be uaed with caution. To brute
Sher'I'r"/"""
1,
b'dUoe.C,e?anCnear',;l,'>,'
the laro.cern,u,.
It wa. brought
P i 'J"1
b, the
SZi'H - f a 1Jlive"'l
of lhat "II
probably of Madeira
or .one
Cierna/i,
?1>" ^'""aj
11di.nre .r'' .1?
"'1"
'* "d dbrjem an odor rembling that of
i0rr
,cuible
|.'.
1"lr
the
v"'4bv
'he
catholic.
Thi'wo^d
i.
U
Z"
rol,,,d'
shlning
black,
and
so
bald
that
it
ha.
ten
*P. *
stTL *ru|l. near CommeTcT^who'n
bv thetheFre"c"
Cera.,^
ômmercy, whence, "'
among""d,the"'f1
French,
plant hascabinel.work,
obtained thepcrt.ll
name of
K'Sj
specie., and bytheother,
only a variety
to Britain 19B ^^^^*"**^
t""n in Pontu, in A<?. I2i r"1 toa di.tinet
htrc Introduced
cultivated
cherr)- ofto
'ot.
and
th.T&,llt''nk
Man,
,'-,
^.
"henee
iL,
pocific
name,
and
it
wa.,
introduced
monarch.
But ,L"T "-ntrodSK
hT "L.r'u
chc"i'
intr.alured
by the
Human,
Britainto were
'm(Sn"'
rc^f
" Richarn
"'le.,
the into
fruiterer
that
ntur, art have no^ arion
tin,
eherne, b,werea quotation
inY'JL'
EnrUnd
at theI.idgatc,
time
ofa the
conque.!,
ha. prove,
from
poetNorman
who wrote
about
I.
433
Serratures
Flowers racemose,
Racemes
pendulous,
Lvs.
decid,
doubly
serrt
somewhat
rugose,
Petioles
with
2gland*
ofleaveRaceme*
lew, Racemes
more
erect
7w Towm
Flowers racemose,
erect,
I.eaves
deciduous
toothed smooth.
Stalks
4 glands
7
in
loose
racemes,
Lvs.
decid,
simply
serrated
: doubly
loweracuminate
serratures
glandular,
1)onwith
1\1.
towardsbase
Rowers
in
lateral
racemes,
Leaves
without
glands
oblong
entire
smooth
each
side
03Q
Flowers
racemose.
Racemes
lateral,
Leaves
evergreen
without
glands
oblong
acuminate
entire
7031
Flowers
racemose, Leaves
Leaves evergreen
evergreen with
ovate-lanceolate
serrated without glands
7032
Flowers
racemose,
two
glands
atback
7< Umbels
Flowerssessile
comnbose
terminal,
Leaves ovate
NN
aggregate
few-flowered.
Cal. acute, Branches virgateround. Leaves narrow lanceolate
7165
1'rabeU
sessile
aggregate
few.fl.
Sepals lane.
Stipulessetaceous
compound,
Lvs, obi. oval suddenly pointed
TOSS
Umbels
sessile,
Leaves
obovate
obtuse
smooth
with smooth
glandularfolded
serratures
7u37 Leaves
Umbelsobovate
somewhatacuminate
stalked. flatLeaves
ovate-lanceolate
together
TKft
serrated.
Racemes
pubescent
7U39
racemose,
Calyxes
serrated, Leaves
ovatebeneath
serratedfolded
glandular
at base
7W0 Flowers
Umbel sutuessile
senile,
Leaves
ovate-lanceolate
pubescent
together
Toil
Umbel
aggregate
-fl.
at
length
panicled,
l-eaves
obi.
lanceolate
Toti
sessile
solitaryLeavesovate
few-fl. leaves
deciduous
ovate acuminate
finely serrated,serrated
Petiolessmooth
with 2 glands
TOil Umbel
Peduncles
solitary,
acuminate
smooth,
Branches unarmed
7144
Ft
lateral
clustered,
Leaves
doubly
serrated
roundish
acute
7i*"i Peduncles ubsolitary, Leaves lanceolate ovate convolute, Branches not spiny
T'*j Peduncles
Peduncles twin, Leaves
ovate villoussmooth,
beneathFruit
convolute.
Branches
spiny nearly unarmed
TlHT
Leaves
pendulous,
Branches
TOfc
Umbel sessilesolitary,
clustered
few-fl.elliptical
Cal. obtuse. Branches
angular prostrate,
Lvs. eun. lane glaucous beneath
:'+<lSmij
2-fl. Ped,
very short. Cal. smooth,
Leaves oblong
acum. serrulate, Branches spiny
TCO Pedunclessolitary,
Pedunc.clustered
lubsolitary,
Leavesovate-oblong
acuminatedoubly
serrated
(b|
Leaves
obovate obi. beneath
glaucous serrated
entire at base
solitary,
Leavesovatecut
eHipt. lanceolate
pubescent
Branches
spinyprostrate
9 Peduncles
Pedunclescorymbose,
twin, Leaves
serrate
without
glandsbeneath.
beneath
white, Stem
Flowers
Ped.
elongated,
Leaves
oval
oblong
eroded
membranous
few-fl. Leaves ovate ellipt acute smooth on each sidesmooth
with l2 glande at base
Umbels
Flowers sessileaggregate
sessile. Leavessubcordate
7053
'kers in London wc ont toParticulars.
expose cherries for sale in the SUM
id sLi;
S*S2S; m ^ *"rdf P.l. of fort, aoru. The French
Wnaaildi tin tk obvlou* The MnMl., ,.i *
f> t-<-'iii ral ^ , whv -cine -ort- ,.
*1 of dir.
**h
<1 <l,,a,,d
valuable
encouraging
the (timbrent
nd h| thimmTU",^1!1"
,,, UKrr>cabinet
| 1maker.
eatable,
-'iand
'"mecano
l to" mat
uf gumas arabic
j the wood
is hard
"" cell; '! S1Lnrnae
'"" cherry,
d"-rry, I,b of rcr introduction, and most valuable on
of it*
pî^'^^"r^<^^l*an^'n,'!,'n|* 'Irgc "ldtorcing-h
' la of oonaidcrablc value: the black
friftft
SSSS
,"'1!'
?
'i'
"
dlrfemt
cana.
,;r?L "l.bJîl i':?'^"' " U-ee, , Fr., . Cer., and
.
..I plum,
Tn n Britain,
: ""'"a,
Pinea, and
&tmd.imaun,
There
mc,t.
, 'od
, ' .
independently
of thedomeatica,
rio.-, audiarc...thethe,amebulbo,
yellow ' iff!
* lo">m ,
and the
to bedried
favorable
the growth
of graaa
. ,- aue mg|
p wood, - usd
turnery, and
fruit orto iirune
ia formed
into
^^^^^Sjm^%^^^^_ttill*iJ brought from Damaacua, liclicc their name of
"I,""
?" i," Frnec,
in Britiah
aorta. By
<'.':.*,andFr,
a-^gar.lena
//,nearly a hundred
well kuDw
Weetm^t Plums
Cvpryareotl,t'r
^-grafted
The damson
weetmcats.
generally
or budt
wking
plum,
le or damson
g.originated
a fruitin
posed
to; have
e Atlas
andcovered
Pallas
states it,it
b35*2fi.
**"httu
h
mountains
the
"U1
,
m,u
top,
being
with
w ,0 lh west of ]n,spreading,
branchy have
ins in Japan. Uroauex says, that it covers
the
that Chinese
great
many
varieties
of
the
tree
doubleE 4
424
57057
riblriea
fV.
Siberian-aprlc
ap Pk
Siberia 1X00.
178& L cur.r
j7038 daiycarpa Ehr. Btack-apricot a trfr 156
W Siberia
tllSO.
CHRYSOBA'LANUS.
7.
Cocoa
Plum.
Rosace*.
Sp.
21.
7059 lcco W.
West Indian t fr 15 ... W W. Indies 1754 L r.r
7060 oblongifliuj Ph. American \ | or 3 inv.jn W Georgia 1812. l.p
BI-VENTAG YNIA.
11.11.
MESTILUS.
Unix. common-eatabl.V
Medlar.
hed LO h.l
7061
germnica
W.
W England 1800.
7062 grandiflra H. K. large-flowered $ ir 1212 my.jl
my.jn \V
t*H32. CRAT.EGUS. L. Hawtborjt.
1683.
S7063
coccnea W.W.
Scarlet-fr.
Haw.JJ or 20 Rosacea:
w N. Amer.
Amer. 1765.
1738.
7064cordu
Maple-leaved
oror 20l ap.my
my w N.N. Amer.
7065
pyriflia
W.
Pear-leaved
^
jn
w
C.
edulit
Hort.
7066
elltptica W. W. oval-leaved 1
N. Amer. 1765.
oror 2020 my
w
7067
1750.

hollow-lenved
my.jn \v
w N.N. Amer.
706S glanduloea
nva IV.
Amer.
1724.
yell.
Pear-berr.
1
20
or
my
7069
parviolia
if.
N.
Amer.
1704.
Gooseberry-!vd.*
15
w
or
my.jn
7070punrtta
W..
Amer. 1746.
spotted-fruited
*3 or 15 my w N.N. Amer.
7071/9 Crus-gil
1691.
Cockspur-thom
20
W
or
my.jn
Pyrncantha-tv.
Amer.
...
oror 20
my.jn
w N.
y jafraenthifiia
taliciJ6lia
N.
Amer.
...
WiUow-icarrd
20
w
my.jn
7072
PyracnthaPh.Lindl. Evergr.-thorn
& Europe
or 10 my w
7073
8])thulU
Amer. 1629.
181)6. S 6.1
w N.
7074
Ph. . spatula-leaved
Parsley-leaved 11 oror 1515 my.jn
N. Amer. 1812.
w
my.jn
7075 apiirlla
Oxyacntha
hed. S
common-Haw.
oror 1516 my.jn
my.jn w
rsea
red-otuered
R
great-fruited
...
GlastviAury 3 oror 1515 my.jn

w
my.jn w
double-Jtowered
oror 1515 my.jn
w
%
yeltova-berried

w
my.jn
7076
eriocrpa Liruli.
woolly.fruited,
Britain wood*.
or 15 my.jn w
7077
...
w &Siberia
oror 1515 my.jn
7078 mongyna
Aznrous W.Pail. one-styled
Azarle
Europe
1640.
my.jn
w
7079
tanacetiflia
Tansy-lv. Azar.
Greece 1789.
oror IS15 my.jn
w
7080
odoratissimaW...% Ii.RA", sweet-sc.
Azar
...
w Crimea
my.jn
7081
pentagvria
five-styled
Hungary
1820.
or
15
my.jn
w
7082
Z.
Wild-service
England woods. S
trn
7083 torminlis
nigra W.K.
black
or 50
20 ap.my
\v Hungary 1819. G
ap.my w
til
PY'RUS.
Sm.
Pyrits.
2430.
7084
red-berried
Amer. 1700. G
oror 44 Rosacea'.
my.jn w Sp,N.
7u85 arbutifia
melanocrpa/.7*A. black-fruited
N. Amer. 1700. S
myjn w
History, forUte,ornament,
Propagation,
blossomed, which they plant on little mount*
and Cu/ture,
dwarfs in pot* for thcii
SES*it 'ni
Turner'sthatHerbal,
that thewas
apricot
was cultivated
here inby15<S
; andainFrench
Hackluyt
is
amrmcd,
the
apricot
procured
out
of
Italy
uenry ill. The fruit seems to have been known in Italy in the timeWolfe,
of Dioseorides, pr
-^ *1 Rgnier
supposes,
the Arabic, observes,
Berkach ; whence
thefirstTini
,
EnglUh
; or,; and
asfrom
Professor
whenfirst
nave iK-en and
calledthea prtvcot,
orApricock
early fruit
gardeners,Martvn
taking the articleaa tree
for the
evil.
K-St
hnye
cornipted
it
to
apricocks.
The
orthography
seems
to
have
been
finally
cl
the end of the last century.
to2?kS!5teJlLtwe,ty
Tirlettei
of
apricot,
besides
the
peach
apricot,
a
lar
trains
pe?ch and
*n >**.
The tree* are generally budded on plum el
1 1*2? ffiS
%amst,WHUe- AP"cots
do not
force freely.
Its fruit '^V,L ,?m V"***- 8,d. and CAMf, an acorn ; in allusion to the size,
the
nf 1<Z
,h i',J1 . V*4
rdittn
name) bears
flowers
and fruit Both
not unlike
the
bargemarket,
cutti,,
,n,,,ee-ofrat*
an<1 eaten
and thinly
preserved.
specieswithout
growplum
wellhi
Injured,
DdThSSS
,
joint,both
andraw
planted
in a pot of sand,
11-^1.
.vi
,"g,^sp
acedover,llL-'
{Bol.
Cuit.
39.)
round
In 'F_l? !**%
fromfrom
*, half,
,which
bulletalso; the
fruit resemblin
bears
a balL
turbinated
'**
Ct!,ticand
truncate,
two
trees
Wn'chC.a,lotl
18 111eaten
raw intheaorstate
ofcomplete
incipient
decay.signifies
It is little
besides
thearewild.'
son .- .i,
shr"bteriee
in
orchards.
There
arc rtilti
oneor
nat oaUed the Dutch medlar is reckoned the best It is grafted

425
T7
Flowcn
sessile,
Leaves
ovate
acuminate doubly
simply m
7058 sessile. ovate acuminate
errate, Petioles with glande
Flower* in 1<
Flowers in large panicles
DI-PENTAGYNIA.
7W1
Unarmed, Leaves
lanceolate
Flowers sessile
7uLcsfttcunate
oblong
woolly downy
beneath,beneath,
Petals roundish
or oval,sol
, Fruit obi. ovate
|fe ufea; ^ or
Leaves obtuu> - 1 i i
7069*
7071
Part.cular,.
": often on the common" thorn
.,. species beara
ln0"l- .
Inc other
,,1C
,he Celtic
,k .
0pe- In """ cou"trJ' t '"'
.a. grown in th. SE* "y soil.s.hiation, and climate, which our i
-ni the
the beginning
Shetland isles,
ofbestJuly,(Cairii
and
?ne forlatest
are
the
the turner, millwright
ClAS! XU
ICOSANDRIA DI-PENTAGYNIA.
Eng.
bot. 1 i --th
England
woods.
W
oror 20IS ap.jn W Germany 1786. 0
7086
communis
woolly-leaved
7087
Pollvria
IV.IV.IV. common-Pear
Bot
regRussia
1780.
G
mv.jn
W
or
20
Willow-leaved
7088
saiieiflia
au*- S.51*
t- ' ir-a
Austria woods.
... LG r.m Jac
m'y W Britain
or
6
7089 nivalis IV.
white-leaved
Eng.boLl7
ap.my
W
ftft 20
Apple-tree
7090
Mlus W. IV.
Bot mag.
China 17*.
my Pk
Chinese-apple
7091 spectbilis
ic.bfit.2. SS7L969
Siberia
1758.
GGG Millft 20
2015 ap.my
Siberian-crab
7092 pruniflia
Dend.
51
1784.
ap.my Pk
Pk Siberia
or
small-(Vuited
7093
baccita \V. IV.
Bot mag-SU - :
Virginia
1724.
my Pk
or
sweet-. crab
7094
N.
Amer.moi.w.
1750. GGG Dend
my
Pk
ortin 20
20
7095 coronaria
angustifliaW.W. narrow-leaved
Eng. botbritIBB
Britain
my.jn
40
7096
A'ria IV. W. white
dan. weiit.9
301
ap.my W
W Sweden 1789. SG Fl.Mnch
40
SwedishIk'.mi-tr.
Bm-tr. tm
7097
intermedia
tm 40 ap.my W
70; hbrida Mnch. hybrid
Bastard Serv. 3 tm 40 my.jn W England rocks. S Eng. bot j.j
7099 pinnatlfida
E.B.
Srbus brida
350
S Eng.
England moi.w.
myjn
W
7100
domstica
E. B. IV. True
Service
5J ftor 30
Eng bot
botSSI
Britain
moi.w. SL Dend-briLi*
my.jn
W
30
7101
aucupria
E.B.
Mountain
Ash
Canada
1782.
7102
americana
Ph.
5 or 15 my.jn
N. Amer. 1683. LL Schm. srb. tfP
my.jn W
W
7103 Chams
microcrpa
/ purple-berried
small-fruited
Pyrenees
W
7104
MctpilusXi.
Bastard Quinces5 oror 108 myjn
G Dend. briL 49
Levant
1820.
my.jn
W
7105
ft
20
ML
SinafMedL
1818. GG Dend. brit '
W France 1816.
7106dulis
ftcu 1010 ap.my
eatable
ap.my W
7107
dioica IV.
W.
dkedoul
Rosaces.VV Sn.34.
1134.
CYDOTJIA.
Quince.
Austria 1573. L h.l Jac Bus.it
my.jn
7108vulgrU
W.en,Juts. common
ft 204 ja.d
nwg.fi^ ...
SPk Japan 1815. LL r.lr.l Hot
7109alba
japnica P. S.
Japan
or
Bot.
cab. 54!
ja.d
or
4
white
7110 chinensis Thouin. Chinese
fr 15 my.jn Pk China i8ia L Bot. reg. 1348 ^
35. 1804. p.l Bot. msg. 2105 a
tH35.
PiiomstA. I 1 or 10 Rosacea?.
apjl W Sp. China
7111 PHOTI'NIA.
serrulta Lindl.Limit.smooth-leaved
Crataegus
glabra
B.
California 17P6. G Bot. reg. 491
7112
Arbutus-lvd. t L_JI oror 1010 il au... W
W Nepal 1821. L pJ Linn.tr. U tW
7113 arbutiwlia
dubia
LindlLindl. IIort.
doubtful
Mes;i. bcngalcnsis
11.16.
Lindl.
Hawthorn
Sp.46.
1806.
W
China
71711514 ItAFHIOLE'PIS.
ndica
Lindl
common
\ I or 4 f.au
182a P.lpl ^8?
LmdlcoM
fau
W
China
rubra ffrnff.
red
18'JO. pl **.n*j*
f.au
W
China
7116
phssostmon
Lindl.
Imig-stamcned
f.au W China 1831. p.l Botn-gH
7117 saiieiflia Lindl. willow-leaved
tjl77.
LnaWfc f I fr 15 Rosaccts.
14. 1787. G Vent malm- IS
7118 ERIOBOTRYA,
japnica Lindl IJndt.
common
W Sp.Japan
7088
7089
r,0
History,
Use, Propagation,
Culture,
.J ^tain
unci
cabinetmaker.
The
Tomans
varieties,
theredivided
are now
, k>r
mid France,
and some
excel'ent
sortshad
fromtwentv-two
America.
areand
usually
intoseveral[bUgjJ
Anat^bakiiig,
fruits;
the finrt
high flavored,
the
second
such as fallThey
or become
mellow In baking
or boiling, ana-1
austere, and generally fruits
of small size.
Heedes
this division,
apples
are classedcalvilles
<* * ^,
uearmains
iar-shanrd
rennets
queens,
spcrkeu
mu
fruits, russet*or orsomewhat
brown fruits,
codlings fruits,
or falling
fruits,orand
burknots,
whichfruits,
grow readily byor",n*
their
sorts of apple form ugly trees as Standard, but arc "'
1
m"
ornamental
in
ehntbberries
lorian crab, form much the-^ , ,
blossoms
1
he
eraba,
and
especially
the
varieties
obt
Heads, and have also more brilliant blossoms. The i.,,
by ^0?Z
apple8**
USUal m0d '8 by *raftine on -stocks, and for gated
dwarfing
on stocks
communis,
Poirier,
Fr.,
Birnbaum,
Ger.,
and
Pero,
[tal.,
is
a
fruit-tree
next
in
popularity
, and
the pre^
ma
applearetree.
is asorts
superiorin dessert
fruit,tobutthenotnumber
so valuable
for culi
but
i here
fewer Iteood
ood
f greatly
of pears,
proportion
of current
varietiesdessert
than !
Vjg
few,
nellee.
Bergamota,
Beurres,
Chaumontelles,
&c.
are
most
exquisite
mm
.
^r;i
much
ea
Kestmn
than
the
apple.
It
arrives
in
greater
perfection
in
France
and
the
nom
than
in
i
The
ChaumntitetU*
of
Guemaey
arc
In
high
repute,
as
arc
the
St.
Germain
s
ana
ou
[(
ofin Picar
1 the Beurres of Milan. The Hornaus had thirtv-six
varieties
andVanthere
are <BruelJ^
man) (
the
t.,
r
little.
Professor
Mns,
M. Duqut
nn,i the
., other
, S]kx-ics
"K wll,t'.of nrLlts shew
V thanornamental
those of thetrees;
IBMtheir leave* are .
an
service
are very
mostly white
t\ II.
ICOSANDHIA DI-PENTAGYNIA.
427
-M I
milate, Pedunr SE IIS 'cara ovatc elimnate
H9 roundish ovatc cu
^"f'^'^bpinSd
h'""Whi!e'
'Un
UpimuM d05 bSl, h ",e
** ", vcry '6""'crscorj-mbose
PiniiMiftd id .imple
teSi!"^'1"- beneath
n
lISnMelT^n""'' """"^ and >" Phiole smooth
r^tSSw commode . Serraturosbri.,,,
;?j*;'vdeciduous
'ramwhdedd-uoo,
ill! Ian
""Web ,
,^'Ubu,a,CmUch
'^>-,Pa,,e,e contre
7118
d MiKtllamw Parta*,,,,.
- with blossoms and fruit p
I' 'I " " ' *' >"
f,a' < Incipi. decay. There
few which
of the
" nnd are
theirbutfruit,
.^l^*!lomb-.. - " ,hn"*CTl'. -mer ver, popul., n suburta,
rn,.*hiA t " the H p~. ,l moist 1mm ,, 1. "e ,
'(^ aneedl
^f '^
S'
tnt* meilar. It is>1

used
use
"cany nanty. llie latter succeeds

th S"rUlB'
numero,,,,
subulate,
persistent
^<""""
|>'
kw^nS
Clam XII.
423
Rosacea.W Sp. S.0-4.
c
1138.
Lindl. Amelavcuikr.
Brt^f
7119 AMELANTHIER.
vulgrie Lindl, Alpine
* or 12...6 ap.my
Amer.
1746.
Leo
arb. L M ;-_
1 *- W N.
vi Europe
*mn, UK
iTJfi Leo
I. Schm.
Schm.arb.LM
ap!my
7120
Botrypjum
lAndl.
wiwy
N.
Amer.
1800.
L
7121 ovlii Lindl,

oval-lcavcd * or 8 ap.my W
Rotcea?. Sp. 45.
tll3>.
COTONEASTER.
Lindl. Cotoneaster.
L Schro. arb.L89 ...t_
7122
vulgris
Lindl,
dwarf
*41 oror 4 ap.my Pk Europe 1656.
1759. L
7123
tomentosa
Lindl,
quince-leaved
24 acuminta Andl. t;ii*T-pointed or l ap.my Pk Nep 1- L Bol =
7125 afflnii Lindl.
downy Nepal A or
1140.
WALDSTEaNlA.
W. Walosteinia.
7126 geoldee W.
Avens-like
pi tjSjTr ^Hungary ISO*. Dip Bote*
SP^ 1774. L p.1 Sch.iAl.t.
SI'll. I.A.
tll.
4 ap.jn R
7 SPIK'A.
larvigta if.IT. emooth-leavcd A
Voltaica
Pall
Eng. icbotL2aT.
18
Britain
moi-h.
55 jn.au
A
7I2S salicilia ir. it wdlow-lcavcd
N. Amer.
...... LLL Mil.
jn.au
white-fiovured
A
Dend.
briL
fti
N.
Amer.
45 jn.au
Hnrnbcam-lvd. A
719
carpiniflia H'F.. en. tomentose
art.
N.
Amer. 1736.
Sic
p.l Sch.
Pall,
rofc 1.1. tSO
7130
Siberia
180.
Sltp.l
35 jlau.i
Alpine
A
7131 tomentosa
alpina If.
Sch.arb.l.t3o
N. Amer. 1640. L Pallroi.l.t.l3
ap.my
May A
7132
hypericiflia W.IV. Italian
Siberia
l|jn.j
Gcrmander-lvd.A
7
chamrcdriflia
vin.britt61140
Carniola 1789.
1790. LL p.|pl Jac.
32 jnjl
7131ulmf61ia
W.
N.
Amer.
1812. LL p.p. Dend.
jn-jl
Birch-leaved
713
betulillia
Poll.
Sch.
art. 1. 1 55
Siberia
1739.
23 ap.my
Hawthom-lvd.
pi.
rar.h.ai-Si.
7136crenta
W.
Hungary 1816.
LL p-J
myjn
fi
Dend.
briL
7137 oblongiflia W. en. oblong-leaved
Siberia
1801.
p.
3 my
7138
triloba W. W. threc-lobcd
Siberia
1790. Skp.l
Sk p.l PalLros. 1. tlS
23 my
Meadow luclv.*
7139thalictroldcs
Hungary
1816.
mv.jn
obovate-leaved
7HOobovta
W.en.
Sch.
art.
1.1.52
N. Amer. 1690.
L Sch. art.tt
54 jn.jl
Gueld. Rose-lv. *
7141
W.
Siberia
1759.
Skco
au
pinnated
A
Pall.
roe.
710 opuliflia
aorbiflia
W.
Siberia
1817.
Skco
3 au
large-flowered
mag. LLto
alpina;
Nepal 1820. LL Bot
2lijl.au
jl.au
pretty
714313 bella
Bot. cab. 71
N.Amer.?1819.
7144
L-,
1823.
or 34 jl.au
Hawthorn-lvd. ^ or
7145
16ii LD p.l PalL n* 1- 1 8S
Siberia
jnjl
7146 crategioT.a
Arncits IT. Unk. Goat's-beard
Britain m. pa*, DD oo Eng. bot 84
jn.o
oror 2lijn.o
Dropwort
7147 FiH[>cndula
W.
double-flowered
plna W.
m. me. D Eng. bot. 9
52 jn.o
Meadow-sweet AAA A or
71*4 LUiriria
m. me. D p-1
Britain
jn.o
or
double-flowered
Siberia 1765. D p.l jac. via 1. 1 S3
palmated
t or 2 jl.au
7l49lobU
9 lob. W.
J142.
G.llbcta. ^ or S SSTb.w*K Amer. 1713. D P.l B* nug. m
7150 GtLLE'NIA.
trifolita Mnch.Mnch,three-leaved
7151 stipulcea W.
largc-atipuled 5 or 3 }n u R.W N. Amer. 1805. L
1143.
Sesuvium. or . -*^1 Ug?
7152 SEStrVIUM.
PortulacatrumW.W. Purslane-lvd.
sessile-flowered
L2j orpr 311 jn.jl
7153
sessile
P.
S.
Jl.au kZ T-SSrz S S*
revolute-leaved
7154
revolutifliumH'.tfTL
long-lcaved j [A]
d) pr lljl.au
7155
7156 longiflium
rpena W. en,W.en. creeping
[LD 1 jl.au
1144.
AlZO'ON. W,W.
"dSe 17S1. S r.m Bot .
7157
canariense
7158glinoides
W.
7159 lanceoltum
hiipinicum W.W.
7160
''WF w 7130
, Amcloncicr
Use. Propagation,
,
II AmchmcMer.
is thenearly
old Savoy
of theouiplan
dlltJn.
adopted
by Mr UndleyAccording
as the titletoofCkullW,
a small group of plann
relatedname
to Pynu,
gui.hed
by
the
lo.ccUa
of
the
ovary.
I,rnnrhcs
of
the
JI.J9. Cotontaiter. Named in allusion to the cottony nature of the rniit and young or.i
a
common
incoospicuou.
bmhes, with
solii.ryofpinkI rani
dowers
hiddena
hnll jpecie,. smallName.1
tiv WiH.len.w,
in honor
de almost
Waldstein,
distinguish*
nil
'*"'* *'"h
thc "Pect ofa cord.
Potcutilla
or rather
Gcum.name for a plant SJ,22?.SJS
, _|,ich areorn?
..H,lr*i.
Spirfon
min garland..
ThatT"!plant ignines
Is thought to have
been isthePliny's
Viburnum Lantana. This genu, aflbrds some
so
ICOSANDRIA -PENTAGYNIA.
429
sesHBsssassssssL
pcdUDC naked
Hl
7196 Leaves radia] italked 5-lobed

7127 Lea?lanceolate entire sessile, Raceme* compound
71S8LeavesoWong serrated smooth, Raceme* decompound
71Leara
orate elliptical
acute errate
at each downy
end imooth coarsely
rrated. Raceme. spreading paiiicled
713U Leave
lanceolate
unequally
7131
Letra obovate
linear-lanceolate
toothletted
smooth,beneath,
Corymb*flowers
lateral doubly raceniow
7135
Leaves
entire,
Umbel*
sessile
7
Leaves obovate
cut-toothed
Corymb*
stalked
7LH Leave*
ovatelanceolate
doublyat end,
toothed,
Corymb*
stalked
7133
LeiTM
broadovate
cut-serrate
smooth,
Corymb*
terminalclose
compound leafy
7136
Leavn obovau>lanceolate
acute toothed
at end
3-nerved,
Corymbs
7137
Leavesoblong
serrated
at
end
and
entire.
Corymb* Btal^
stalked
7138
Leavesroundish
bluntly
lobod
toothed,
Umbels
sulked
"139
Leavesobovate
obtuse
ilobcd,
Umbels
lateral
sessile
m >iu
71 Leavesovate3-lobed
Leavesobovate obtuseserrated,
at the end
bluntlystalked
and unequally 3-nerved, Corymbs axillary
scesiie
7141
Corymb*
714SLeavespinnated, Leaflet* even serrated, Flowers panicled
7143 Leaves
LeavM oblong
ovate acute
smooth
serrated stalked
glaucous
beneath,
Cymes pubescent
71
bluntly
and
irregularly
serrated,
Flowers
inCorymb*
densecorymb*
IMS
Leaves
obovate
obtuse
forwards
doubly
serrated
smooth,
71*6 Leaves
Leaveiiupra-dccompouiid,
Spikes
panicled.Flowers
Flowers
diweious terminal compound, Flowers
7U7
pinnated, Leaflets even
serrated,
corymbose
7148 Leavespinnated downybeneath, The end lobe larger and 3-lobed ; the side ones undivided
7149Leimpinnated smooth, The end lobe 7-Iobcd; the lateral 3-lobed, Corymbs proliferous
71Stipuleslinear entire, Calyx tubular campanulate
7151 Stipulesleafy ovate cut-toothed, Calyx campanulate
7152 powers
Leavesspatuhtc
oblong,linear
Joints ofstemflattumid, FL stalked
sessile.Line,Leaves
IILearn linear
revolute atoblong
Ige, Fl. t
"ininT."1/*.'80'
,
,w
a
(tu'-ite,
Joints
ofstem tx tcinalae*si]e
im Leaves lane.
.talked
' C?041"1'
JoioUof'tem creeping
(iiiform, Fl. stalked
ees*--
ICOSANDRA DI-PENTAG
430
1145. TETRAGCNIA. W.
Tetbacom.
6S inFicoidecB.
au.s G
N.
7161 expnsa
W.W. Diamond
* Zeal,
" gpinagc iQJeul
lQ|
un
71fS
crystallina
fl1 jU
l
I
un
shrubby
7163
fraticsa
W.
jLe GG
un jLe
7164 decumbcns W. trailing
gG
winged-seeded -e. 1| |i un
7165
Tetrpterit
Haw.
1
jl
spiked
7166spicta IV.
*jn,jl
GG
<f \CTA
iAJ un
herbaceous
7167
herbcea
W.
un 14 my.au
Hedge-hog
7168
echinta
W.
s
G
linear
7169
linearis
Haw.
J*
obovato
7170 obovta Haw.
1146. MESEMBRYANTHEMUL . Fic-MARYGOtD. .
Pk
j iAJ cu lin
lin s.n
7171
mintum .
ie.dd Pa.Y
7172
emailsmall jC iAJ eu
Pa.Y
cu
i
7173 minimum
perpusiHumHaw.
Haw. very
W
iAI
ca
i CO
f.o W
7174
obcordllura
Hato, obeordate
lAJ
eu
7175
obconllum
Haw.
conical
] lAI
cu
lin
f.o
7176
fciforme
Salm,
fig-like
tAJcu 1|H l" P*.Y
7177 truncatllum Haw. truncated
f lAJ
eu
7178 flbuliforme
Haw. cloth-button
lÎ
eu lin
lin .........
7179
uvfrme
Haw.
berry-like
iAlcu
lin
7180
Nut-shaped
7181 nueifrme
tcsticuliire Haw.
Ait. short
whitc-lvd.j[ iAJ cu
7182
otophy"llum
i/Mcu
7l83obtusum
Haw.Haw. eight-leaved
obtuse-cloven
7184
fIssum Haw.
cleft-leaved
7185
digitifrme
Thunb.
finger-leaved
7186 magnipunctum
Sal. large-dotted
uncale
small
allied
7187
canum
Haw.
hoary
7188
aloides
Haw.
aloe-like
7189
canlnum
Haw,
7190 luplnum Haw. dog-chap
wolfs-chap
fox-chap
7191
vulplnum
Haw.
bastard
7192
hfuridum
Haw.
7193
lbidum
L,
7194 tigrinum Haw. white
tiger-chap
7195
fellnum Haw.Haw. cat-chap
7196
muitcllinum
7197
murlnum Haw.Haw. weasel-chap
mouse-chap
7198
dollirifrme
7199
Haw. hatchet-leaved
great-Reaped
7200 scaplgerum
caiinans Haw.
keeled
7201 denticultum
Haw,
toothed
glacum
glaucous
y candidissimutn /air
7202
robstum
Haw.
7203
compctum
.Haw.
. robust
compact
7204
quadrfidum
quadrifld
7205
bifidum
Haw.
bifid
7206 bibractetum Haw. double-bracted
. i ) or
7207
roetrtum
L.
heron-beaked
lAJ
7208
tubercultum
Mill,
warted
iAJ| ororor
7S0S
ramulosum
Haw.
small
heron-be.
n.
i
7210 pisifrme Haw. Pea-shaped j iAJ or
716
' 7161
-*^- 7m
History, Use, Propagation, Culi
1145. Tetragonia.
Fromarenrfett,
quaternary,
and
an angle,
pericarpium.
The
species
succulent
trailers
of no,
beauty,
but
posi
S pinagc.
T. expanse
hasin been
gardens
used
by; Captain
Cookptnage,
when
uuced
for
the
same
purpose
British
as
a
summer
more
. Every
the plague
that
attends
the
Ircqucii
ine
warm
season begardener
of obtained
the yearknows
; without
trouble
it is(particularly
impossible
u cannot
always
exactly
as that
it ought
to be,
InH mi ,ty with wnich the >'4S Plauts run to seed. The New
rnitivn*
ts
]eavcfi
of thePlants,
Krcatest
succulency
in the" I hottest
kiiVhnn
' adotller
.1davnine
from
which,
he says,
have
be'
euffii-iVnêry
si,lcc
tl,e
middle
of
June,
so
that
1
consid
sumcicnt to give a dally supply, if required, for a large table,"
0DER ,
ICOSANDUIA DI.PENTAGYNIA.
431
(il Hi
id
Ci] tu
fie
Iii Ht
ir rounded expanded
...Lvs.
glaucous
end
and
marDled
the
bracte
atdeepthe incurred
and to
190 NearlyrtemL
Leu Hlaucom,
Marginal
fringesthcnumerous
very
-Mose
191
glauc.towards
towardsend
entireor
withlargeteeth,
WKM
7198Sternlewsmooth
whitish.
halfround
at end
keeledSSSSSftSTi
T*BWl
iiltii very smooth
white,ImI-cave*
thickentire
subulate
:.
-.1 (MOM wiinapun
719*
Green Hernie*, Leave
7H6gUucout,
Leavescordate
decpluovate
* expanded marble7196 StemletsHernie
green with
clear spot*,
7197Nearly
glaucous,
Leav,
rows nearly
orto. six tache*
....... highand
'Vtrett' t
71S8Leave, exactly hatchct-ahaped, Thc old. - stem
.1Leaves erect
keeledincurved
S-comcrcd
green,
Scapelong
strongglaucous
]vimcledrugem
2-edged
7Leaves
keeled
upward*
i"iJ
. . h . ftcn toothletted
741Leave* very glaucous triquetrous compressed at the end with a ddalcd kcu wmcn
7SLeave* obtLeave*
dottedconnate
with gibbou.
pustule,
at the
thc Inside.
Stem strong*^^ffil\F%k
MStenum,
dottedglaucous
half round
atthebaseendin triquet.
M Nearly *, Leave*
hoary
obtuse
errcflcxed acute, .
.rf .. .utoward*
w Inctheinside.
Leavesglaucous
Hunt wi '
brand,.
**11* tcraless,
,tCTolcw
Leavesvery
subul.
Estralas,
Leavesbranched.
subulate elongated
acutclong. !',''",v'1'""' "4"*
TWLikethelist,but
71 f" ou Jf
half ciC!, '"'"lc 8lauc- Ml
^S^Jk^LtET ""d 0X"'IJ

- - Kînct, Lui.
ICOSANDRIA
433
7211
monllifrme
.
7212 scalprtum
Haw.
7213
fragrant
Sait.
721+
prapin'gue
,
7215
mdium Haw.
7216cultritum
Haw.
7S17 lcidum Mill
7218
. aseend.-tonguc
^ iAJ
7219 adscndens
pustultum
blistered
lAJoio
72Sulngum
..Haw,
loriff-tOllRUO lAJoi
a^ Hedve
deprssum
M.
depressed
sloping
f lAJoi
lAJoi
?aHgits'tintHaw.Haw.
tHfieif
Haw. purple-green
* iAJ
i1 purpmafeens
uHcium
Haw.
leaden-green
altafh-Hs
Haw.
narrow-4rop
7221^ linguvfnnc
commou-tong.
rufescens
Haw..
reddish-grccn jf iAJ
lAJ oioi
y-d prostrtum
subcrucitum
Haw.
lubcruciate
Haw.
lAJoi
i assrgens Haw. prostrate
lAJoi
upright
7222/9 latum
//
blunt'tongue iAJo,
A/rev Haw.
short
7223/S depresum
.
depreucd-tong.
g lAjor
lAJ
lividwn
Haw.
livid
iAl oroi
7224
crucitum
.
cross-leaved
_
i I"
7225
fLn. i. I\
Salmian
7226 taurlnum
Slmii >..Sal. Butl's-honi
scinicruclatum
n_ i I
y angusttftium Haw. half-crossed
narrow-teaved B.n. II )|
7227 surrectum
//.
ITC
brevifiium
Haw.
short-leaved
u.
<"
722H heterophilm . various-leaved ilAJI or
7229 angstutn
>.
slender-tongue
iAl
or
pallidum Haw.Jack. /
tf !AI or
. > heterophyUum
variable
iiAI|
7230
difforme
>.
deformed
.
7231 bidentatum
two-toothed n. i I
tnjus Haw. Haw. /'**
-. 1I II *
7232
scmit'vliiidrirumHa.
eemi-cylindric
7233gibbsum
Haw.
gibbous
723*
lulcovlride//.
Haw. yellow-green . |iAl| oi01
7235
J?8 iAl
723 perviride
pubescens Haw. dark-green
(AJ oioi
7237
calamifrme
/_. downy
quill-shapcd
iAJ
7238
obsubultum
. iiAJ| oiofoi
72.i9cyllndr.cum Haw. revcrse-quillcd
cylindrical
7240 terotiflium Haw. round-quilled 8 Al Q'
7241
teretisculum
Jf iAJ ul
7242subultum
bcllidiflrumMill,Z*Haw. turgid
Daisy-flowered j lAJ o'
y wr/rftf Haw.
7243
acutum
Haw.Haw. JVrt-grrn*
grcat-awl-leav.
7244
puncttum
?dlutivc
awhlvd.
7245,3 dimntum
cauiicultum Haw.
DI-PENTAGYNIA.
w C. G. H. 1791.
I au.0 YY CG.g. aa 1714
1792.
| au.0 Y CG.
...
g. a
a 182
H.
I \ aU.0
au.o YYY CG.
G. H. 1732.
I
au.0
1805.
i I au
au. il YY .
1818,
eG. a
a
1725.
a
} au.0 YY ce
...
e.G.
a
Jf au.0
.
G.
H.
au.o YY g. a ...
f
aao
g. a 1819.
I .14. YY CG.
1819.
. a
a 1819.
fI au.0
au.o YY CG.
1732.
a
$i mr.n
a 1732.
mr.n YY .
ce.
a
i mr.n
g.
a
Y
mr.n
a 181
ram YY g.
10.
g. a
} i mr.n
1802.
a
i mr.n YY ce
1795.
a
ii .
..n Y cG.
1819.
a a 1792.
a
i my.n YY CG.
1795.
c.CG.g. a
1818.
YY CG. a
1818.
a
1823.
a
11 smi11 YY CG.
. a
a 1819.
1819.
Y ce
1795.
a
YY ce
V"
CG. H. 1790
i 1.
1790.
a
YY ce
Dir.O
1790
ce a.
If mr.o
1732.
H.
YY CG.
au
1811
G.B. 1818.
1] as
a
YY .. g.
au
1732.
f mr.n g.g. a
1780
lja.ap R c. g. a
1795.
ii ja-nijr
I R ce a
1792.
a
1792.
1 a.my R .
1717.
e.G.
g. a
a
II.... W
1796.
a 1792.
W
w
1
o a 1794.
R .eG.
RR CG. a
. 179.
1717.
.
iI jn.au
R .. G.
1717.
g.
a
in.au
R
1717.
a
ifap.n
jn.au RR CG.
1793.
.CG.
g. a
1793.
lap
P-n RR . .
1789.
a
i ap R g. a 178*
. ^ rr,!"'1.^ am,,,c "KU by their,

Vttttlio,
i^
prolusion,
brillUnci many
ofLKlturt,
theirarc color,
ami hi
oouUnito m flower, few arc annual,

tcwM bicurual,
perennial,
133
I'i Iii1
7Leaves unequally tongue-shaped thick gram partially keeled, Cape, little elevated subseMile
7222 Leave*tongue-shaped obtuse thick often iloping and a little hollowed, Cape, large conical subsessile
7223 Prostrate, Lts. narr, tongue-shaped obL recurred depressedvariously bent inwards atend, Ca, depressed
722t reavc*
leaveslin.
tongue-shaped
half cylindr.
very soft
cruciate,
Oldyellowish
stem three
inches
longOld stem in. high
-5w
Various
obliquely
half obliquely
round
obt.hooked
very thick
incurv.
labbtemlest,
Lvs, j cylin.
subulcrossed
variously
bluntwith
broadgreen
smooth
spots at base, Cajie. flat
7227 Lvi,crossing tuberect or spreading halfround subulate acute soft often pustulateat base, Ovary
[half exserted
included
Stemless, Leaves green deformed the upper longest
, i*ave* linear linguiform half cylindrical very long
/239
cruciate
longvariously
or moreat obscureteeth.
Oldand
stemobliquely
3-fi-ln.
m Ln.
Lrt obliquely
cylia thick
softwith
two large obliquely
opp. fleshydeformedwith
teeth beyond one
themidd.
theend variously
J2If* very narr sfc- -*
iauew^h i o-
"
end
meneesmooth
long. Leaves half-cylindr
. atgreen
^wny hoary orisilky
""
yellowish
or subovate
very reen
TfflS?î"?
gUucous
at thegreen
base above flat, Styles 8
*
f*ubulate
thick
obtuse
5i
,ionB
rae 1601CTlindr"ibglaucous
3 younger
inches long.
The |oldround
stem very
3 inches
branched
mt I!, 2'*? *ismero!
roundish
or cylindr.dotted
: thedotted
polished
greenclosely
the old
stems fi in.
7
rounded
longstem branched
omered
blunt
withverythreethickrowsgTeen
of teeth
attwo
end,inches
The old
half shrubby [ioltshcd
La
h*lf nm ""blate
,ubulate incurved
incurved with
with clear
clear spots,
spots, Spots
Spots large
obsolete
not wrinkled
] Lji-ik
withwith
a white
headwhite point
na" round
subulate incurved
with dear
spots, Spots
nearlynumerous
middle sized
a little
\ Quter-leatvd. Stem about afoot high decumbentperennial, Leaves in capitate dusters, Flcrjoers
]
polygamous. Calyx Meaved,
^LftSh?Wf,y
3-comcredhalfcylindr.
clong. rccurv.
somewhat
glaucous,
roundish
pua closelyf'^^
clustered cylindr.
long 3-comered
glaucous
or green,
StemsStems
angular
red white
^^-^^^.,,
72
ariom
some-
ICOSANDRIA
long-homed
oror
7250 comicultum
Haw.
equal-leaved iAJ
iAJ
ophyUum Dec.
iAl
"r
7251 procmbens
//. procumbent
three-colored
7252
tricolrum Haw.
long dagger-lvd..-J iii )I| ororor
7253 pugionlfrme
/,. Jleskôlored
cmeum
Haw.
urple
. l I or
VJ binne
purpreum
iennial
.
Haw.Haw. hort
dagger-lv.
- iii I|| ororor
7254
capittum
//ata
dwarfdagg.
Ivd.tL
T235
brevicailc
Haw.
7256
Hau*.
tLA ii I! oror
dwarf-tuberous
7257(9 coriscani
elongtum
//aw. glittering-dagg.
tmail
Ai
minus
Haw.
/ I II oror
yjuiifrmc Haw. fusiform
72W
geminifiomm
Haw. email
pale ft7259
simile
Haw.
hort-jointed
ft- i1 1I oror
1
lxum
W.
long-jointed
i| I| oror
72fil sarmentosum
Haw. sarmentse ftft7262
rigidicale Haw.
stiff-stemraed
ftl_J| oror
7263
Schll
Salm
large-rough
ft\
726t
fllamentosum
Haw.
thready
ft^
7265 eerrultum
Haw. (taw.leaved ftji || oror
virdi HawHaw.
greener
7266 rubricaile
ml-stalked ft-ft- i| |\ oioi
ifensius
Haw.
y subvirent Haw. crowded
tail-green ftft-ft- iI\ I(I o:o;o:
7267 acinacifrme
/,.
scymetar-leav.
tngum Haw.Haw. long
fti II oi
7268
polished
ftii__l
726!) uevigtum
rubroctnetum
Haw.
red-bordered
ftcamprssum
Haw. compressed ft- i | oior
V
tai.
i
um
Haw.
ft- i|_]I oioi
727o'0 eisubultum Haw. delicate
pale
Daiey-flow.ft7271
dule
L.
Hottentots"
fig
7272
dimiditum
Haw. flaucescent
Lesser Hot fig ft-ft-ft- i|i || oioj
7273
glaucscens
//*.
7274
Rossi Haw.//aw. toss's
fti\ J oi
7275
virscens
virescent
ft7276
a?quilaterle
Haw.
equal-sided
ft7277
vlrens
Haw.
upright-green
ft1ii_J||ototoi
7278
rptans
H.
.
creeping
ft7279
austrle Haw.. New Zealand ft- i I oi
7281
thick-leaved ft-ftii J| oroi
7231 craseifolium
clavelltum
minus Haw. //aw. club-leaved
small
ft- I j oi
7282
forfictum L.
ecisear-leaved .n. |_J
oi
728.4
728+ gemintum
margintum Bam
Haw. twin-ehooted
white-edged ** i |1 o:7285
rostellum
Haw.
little-beak
7286 monacnthum
perfoliatum Mill,
great-nerfotlate .n. il_JJ oroi
Bradl-omr-iiM/iee"
/2*7
unrinllum
Haw.
small-hooked l ii ||
72H8
unciniiuim Haw.
72 semideiittum
Haw. lesser-perfoliatcelender-hooked _ i | o,
72 viride
Ham.
green-perfoliate.
| || oio:
acutangulum
//ow.
acute-nngleil
a..i
729-2 cfirtum
Haw.
short-sheathed
n.
majus Haw.
large
. irjlo
* ""nus
Haw.
H;1W. polished
tLtL i,]I
smajj
.293vagmiitum
parviflrum Haw.
Haw. sheathed
small-flowered -- Cj
1 Jo
72S0 .v..
7253
^'hll like a flg.
DI-PEN
kit my
ni y Pi;
11
11 inmV VP.
11 jl.s
jU p
1I ju
J jU
i1 jLi
i1 in
my
my
iI my:::
IMP
my.jn
1 i{ my.jn
i mr.ap
riil Jd
* ails
an.
fin
i au
iV"
'in"
i|jn
)n
JiijUu
jl.au
my.au
jn.jl
i jl.au
11 1.0
!' :::
,*
11 jn.au
11 jn.au
jn.au
11 11au
au
11l jl.au
jl.au
Vie, PrHfxtgatiii
the specie -nro tli
P
PPP
P
P
[ilCil IUP
Cil
[ilill
He
rnni
ii; m'
m<i
<;
Ou II
7SS0 Learclu*t 3-comered t cylindr. very long glaucoiu incurved, Steint scaredy angular, Jointe ti
7-'I Leave* in paincornteniato incurved i Iir. 3-rnered glaucous, Stenn flexuose procumbent
Leaves exactly cylindr.
inchea3-cornered,
long acuteAngles
green. dilated
Styles SOwith a broad furrow, Stem simle
7253 Leavesglaucous
about athree
Toot long
435
725i
Leaves
somewhatgiaucoui
6-73-eornered,
inchee longOld3-corncred,
Old
7!w Lea-esdagger-shaped
Leaves green
3-4 incheslong
longglittering.
item twoperennial
incheestemhighsimple
simple erect
7256
Stem
shrubby
7257 Leavesglauc. about a span long bluntly 3-cornered channelled or halfround. Root large tuberous fleshy
or naifround, Root large tuberous flesl
\ 3, Trafen. Siems prostrate or creeping, angular. Calyx fUeavea\ Flowers polygynous, Leaves connate
base
acutely
S-omerttL
7238
slender spreading, Lvs.
equilateral
3-corn.
greenthanhooked
a Edges
little outwards
at end,firm
Fl. 3or
S
7259 Branche!long
L.
equilateralSôrn.glaucmuch
dotted
straightat
endIon.
joints.
not serr.
Stems
proc.
7260
Lvs.conn.
comp.long
3-eorn.
verygreen
waited
often shortcompressed
thanjoints.
Edgesbright
finelygreen
tooth.
Branchesverj
sien.
7261
Hunnen
1}foot
slender
rooting,
Lvs,
clustered
3-corn.
not
rough
atedge
7362 Leaves
equilateral
3-corncred
edge,rough,
Stem firm
procumbent
763
Leavei long
compressed
3-cemerod
largestraight
recurvedroughish
serrulateat very
Old stems
firm decumbent [decum.
724
Lvt
brightgreen
dust
thick
comp.
3-com.
acinacif.
dott
Ion.
than
joints
with rough edges,
short
7265 Lu comp.icom. acinacif. glauc. not serratedandscarcelycartilaginous atedgegenerally
Ion. Stems
than joint*
7566Lr*. comp 3-com.greenish rugosethe edges with cartilaginous serratures generally shorter thanjoints
7267 Leaves acinatiform. Edges curled wavy rough
Tafi 1 iiform polished glaucous with entire cartilaginous edges
7*8 Leaves acinacorm with the edges and keel rough and red
7270Leaves
3-comered
acinatiform
and equilateral.
Every
edge
roughish
(2(1
jacompressed
equilateral
3-comercd
green incurved
threeonesinches
long
blistered
inside
at base,serrulate
Keel serrulate
7S72
Leave*abouttwo
inchee
sharply
S-comcred,
the
old
comp,
with
their
keel
upwards
burnt
W3Jounglvt
incurvedorequilateral3-comered
softglauc.
glauc.with
withaa pink
cartilaginous
smoothish
whiteedge,Styles
m
Leave* acinacifonn
compressed 3-cormTod
smooth cartilag.
edge,
Stem iirostrate7
'^
not
equilateral
3-comered
greenish,
prostrate,
Pedunc
terminal
solitary
winged,
Styles
8
*j**eequilateral
3-cornercdsmooth
greenish.
Stems
weak prostrate
un. comp. 3-com. acinacif.

dottedEdges
green,smooth
in thecartilaginous,
inside at the base
blistered,
Keel roughish at edge
a c'u,tered
acute glaucous
with
large rough pellucid dots, Stems filiform very weak
:."*i' iUjiei
irlaiKi.u- 3-comered
dotted
i-curnered
Mimnth
i VC* clustered
:>^
no* dotted
smoothincurved
very
green
half cylindrical
basewith a li
<ai leaves
Uaves
expanded
obsoletcly
3-comcred
clvate
obtuse green
5*S
S*
**
*at hu.
W, conna(e' JTmeWd CUvate ** with a little point
\! 1* Perfoliate. Leaves
ite***** composed ~- _ â^7'C^Cd UpU!ard*>
tortea- at
^*"e.hh
dilated
Je w,th a cartilaginous edge
lttl , beneat
"""ut free,pine,
with one spine beneath. Branche, man,
Thd)-4te'h'tth':bckupMrd,
ugh
at edge
uram un the anglet roughuj
ighish
above, Sheath often sharp
' "* --*W.
727?
on,. Sheath, ^.
436
7294 parviflrum Haw small-flowered re-u_j or

7295 rigidum Haw.
7296 tenllum Haw.
7297 imbrictum H. K.
Smdium Haw.
rigid
least-perfoliate
imbricated
intermediate
*-L or
ri-L or
* L or
7% multiflrum Haw. many-flowered re-u-J or
8 minus Haw.
small
* L or
rbrum Haw.
red-flowered
ri-L or
3. ptens W.
spreading
*-i- or
snitens Haw.
shining
* L or
7299 umbelltum Haw umbel-flowered tr. L or
S andmalum W.
anomalous
ri-L J or
7300 tumidulum Haw. tumid
rt. LJ or
minus Haw.
small
*-u-J or
7301 folisum Haw.
leafy
*-u_U or
7302 lineoltum Haw
lined
*-u-U or
lave Thunb.
smooth
* L-J or
2, nitens Haw.
shining
*-u-J or
viride Haw.
3 au
* L J or 11 au
a u-J or 1* au
green
3 jl
3 ji
3 jls
3 jLs
3 jls
3 jLs
3
...
3 jn.s
3 jn.s
3 mr
3 mr
3 s
* jl.s
* jls
*.jlis
7303 serrtum L.
saw-keeled
rt. u_j or 2 jn.jl
7304 gladitum Jacq.
purple-serrate n-u-J or 2 jn
7305 heteroptalum Haw.various-petaled n- u_j or 2 my...au
7306 glaucinum Haw.
glaucine
*- LI or 1: jl.au
Scrssum Haw.
thick-leaved
ri. L J or
jl.au
7307 mutabile Haw.
changeable
rt-u-J or 1: jl.s
7308 inclaidens Haw.
open-flowered n- u_j or
jn.s
7309 caulscens Mill,
smooth delta-lv.*. u_J or I my.jl
7310 deltoideum Haw. great delta-lvd. re-u-J or
my
7311 murictum Haw. small delta-lvd. n. u_j or
* my
3 minus Haw.
less
rt-L-J or 13 my
#
#
7312 microphyllum Haw small-leaved
n-u ( or
+ my
7313 mucrontum Haw

7314 pygmaeum Haw.
7315 pulchllum Haw.
g revoltum Haw.
rt-L or
* LJ or
*-L-J or
* L-J or
*
...
+ ...
+ ap
* ap
mucronated
pigmy
neatrevolute
#" evel
7316
7317 luntum W.
unate
* L-J or
*.
or
7318 falctum L.
sickle-leaved
7319 decumbens Haw
decumbent
*320 incrvum Haw
incurved
g dilatans Haw.
gibbous-keeled
pallidius Haw.
pale
Haw. dense-leaved
$:
a rseum W.
7321 confrtum Haw.
7322 falcifrme Haw.

7323 glomertum L.
re-u_j or
rt-u I or
* L J or
re-u- or
*-u-J or
n-u_j or
rosy
* U-J or
crowded-leaved n-u- or
sickle-shaped
''
'
jn
13.jn
8.0
clustered
inflexed
scabrous
1820.
-
1802.
1820.
1802.
1819.
1819.
1819.
Pk
1707.
1792.
1794.
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
s.l.
Dilel.t.208.f.266
s.l
s.l
8.1
s.l
s.l
s.l
s.l
s.l.
s.l
s.l
s.l
s.l
Dil.elt.19.2.f.338
s.l
sl
Plant grass. 60
Bot. rep. 388
s.l
D.e. t. 195.f.243-4
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
s.l
Plant. grass. 53
s.l
D.e. t.195.f.245-7
1792.
1805.
1794.
18. 15.
1793.
Pk
Pk
Pk
#
181
Pk
Pa. R
1727.
1759.
1802.
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
1819.
-
1805.
1805.
1732.
1819.
1731.
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pu
notch-flowered * L or 2 jn.au Pk
dilated
twiggy
bracted
two-edged
pallid
S.O.
Plu.phy.t.117.f.1
s.l
sl
s.l
s.l
Pk
Pk
Pk
7335 emargintum L.
lin
s.1
1727.
7337 virgtum Haw.

7.338 bractetum Haw,
7339 &nceps Haw.
6 pallidum Haw.
''
1792.
-
7336 dilattum Haw.
3 jn.au
3 fap
1: jl.o
sil
s.l
s.l
s.l
s.l
s.l
W
W
Pk
Pk
Pk
1800.
1793.
1792.
1792.
-
>
1 jnau
1 myo
13.jn
jn
14 jn
re-u- or . It il.au
* L or
*- LI or
*-L or
*... u_J or
ti-u-J or
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G
't j#rau #
*-L or 13 jn.au
* L or
jn.au
* L-J or 14.jl
changeable-fl. r. L or 1 my...au
white-barked *- L or 1+ myo
imbricating
*-u_j or 2 myo
deflexed
*-u_J or 1 jl.o
slender
*-L or 1: jl.o
copious-flower. * L or 1 au
7332 flxile Haw.
flexile
*-u-J or 1* au
7333 polyphyllum Haw many-leaved n-u- or 2 jn.o
7334 Dec.
violet
ri-L or 2 jn.o
7324 inflxum Haw.

7325 scbrum L.
7326 versicolor Haw.
7327 retroflxum Haw,
7328 imbricans Haw.
7329 deflxum H. K.
7330 leptleon Haw.
7331 polynthon Haw.
W.
W.
W.
W
W
W
W
W
Pk
W
CLAss XII.
W
Pk
Y
Pk
P.Pk
H.
1818.
1774.
1819.
1803.
1820.
1819.
1820.
1732.
1820.
1793.
1774.
1811.
1819
s.l
sl
s.l
Bot reg.35
S.
s.l
s.l
s.l
sl
s.l
s.l
s.l
s.l
s.l
D.e.t.213.f.275-6
s.l.
Dill, elt. f. 274
s.l
s.l
Dill, elt. f. 251
s.l
s.l
s.l
s.l. Bot. cab. 1281

s.l
s.1
s.l
s.l.
s.l
sl
s.l.
s.1
s.l
Dilel.t.197.1.250
Bot. cab. 251

striatum, barbatum, crassifolium, glaucum, uncinatum, corniculatum, &c. Hardy, and yet
y sorts, are M. inclaudens, aurantium, perfoliatum, deltoides, barbatum, &c. These will grow and
'''"
ORDER II.
467
739; Leaves half an inch long smooth suberect, Keel not serrulate, Stem three feet high and branches erect
7995 Lvs. about three lines long horiz. and sheaths smooth, Keel rough at end, Branches very stiff and spread.
7396 Lvs. 3 lines long and more spreading thin and sheaths rough at edge, Branches filiform decumbent
7297 Lvs. somewhat compressed 3-cornered glauc. about one inch long, Branches many erect, Cal turbinate
7298 Leaves somewhat compressed 3-cornered glaucous and the branchlets spreading
7299 Leaves distant roundish somewhat glaucous roughish with dots, Sheaths tumid at end
7300 Leaves remote greenish smooth about an inch and half long recurved at end, Sheaths tumid at end
7:01 Leaves somewhat glaucous smooth clustered obtuse an inch long with a recurved point
7302 Leaves connate incurve-recurved blunt, Keel roughish at end with a sheathing line at base
* 5. Delta-leaved. Leaves more or less deltoid or hatchet formed. Flowers pink.
7303 Leaves subulate 3-cornered dotted with the keel serrated backward
7304 Leaves glaucous compressed 3-cornered gladiate, Keel cartilaginous torn, Petals much longer than calyx
7305 Lvs. clust not dotted glauc. shortly falcate gladiate, Angles cartilag. Petals much shorter than calyx
7306 Lvs. clust compressed 3-cornered shortly acinaciform glauc. entire dotted with a cartilaginous edge
7307 Leaves distinct clust. equilaterally 3-corn. shortly acinaciform green dotted with a cartilaginous edge
7308 Lvs. subdelt smooth very green with a gibb entire keel, Pet. not closing: the inner imbricate very short
7309 Leaves clustered glaucous long 3-cornered deltoid, The sides not toothed, Keel entire
7310 Leaves clust. very glauc. 3-corn. deltoid toothed in three rows, Keel of the bractes and sepals entire
7311 Leaves clust. deltoid with the bractes and sepals 3-cornered glaucous toothletted in three rows
7312 Leaves 3-corn. acuminate awned green blistered inside at the base, Branches much clustered
7313 Leaves obl. ovate acute glaucous 3-corn. with a little white point at end
7314 Leaves connate at base oblong ovate half round not pointed, the winter leaves joined almost to the end
7315 Leaves acute equilaterally 3-corn. cymbiform grey obsoletely dotted with a downy fringe and recurv. point
6. Triquetrous. Leaves more or less 3-cornered distinct. Cal 5-leaved. Styles 5.

7316 Leaves large clustered much compressed 3-corn. incurved very glaucous, Stem woody erect bushy
7317 Leaves small much clust somewhat connate compressed 3-corn. closely incurved, Branches clustered
7318 Leaves minute distinctly compressed 3-cornered falcate, Branches numerous filiform
7319 Leaves much
3-corn. very glauc. attenuate at each end incurved, Branches much clustered
7320 Leaves compressed 3-corn. very glaucous attenuate at each end acinaciform, Stem erect
7321 Leaves 3-corn. clust. robust incurved very glaucous, Stem erect much branched
73.22 Leaves much clustered thick acinaciform falcate with large spots glaucous
7323 Lvs. bluntly 3-corn. '. glauc. incurv. atten. at each end, Pedunc. and branches erect filiform comp.
7324 Lvs. clustered falcate inflexed from 3-cornered half round compressed subglaucous smooth
7325 Leaves subtriquetrous green shining warted very rough, Sepals ovate acuminate, Petals crenate at end
326 Leaves subtriquetrous glaucescent warted very rough, Sepals ovate-acuminate, Petals two toothed at end
s
327
Leaves subtriquetrous very glaucous rough, Sepals and petals distant reflexed, Stamens clust. Bark white
328 Erect woody, Leaves lin.
3-corn. smoothish glauc. white imbricated at the ends of old branches
3.29 Leaves subtriquetrous glauc. roughish attenuated downwards, Stems clust deflexed, Pet very numerous
330 Leaves subtriquetrous glauc. attenuated upwards smooth, Keel roughish, Branches distant filiform
7331 Leaves small glauc. 3-corn. rough, Branches bushy clust. The young bark brown, Flowers panicled
7332 Leaves small often longer than the joints but inwards by pairs glauc. 3-corn. obtuse smooth
7333 Leaves much clust, strong incurved-recurved clavate compressed dotted glaucous, Branches bushy
7334 Leaves compressed bluntly 3-corn. roughish with dots glaucous, Sepals like spines spreading
7335 Leaves subglaucous subtriquetrous rough, Calyxes spiny, Petals deeply emarginate
7336 Leaves distinct remote subrecurved triquetrous much comp. dotted glauc. Keel gibbous above middle
7337 Leaves distinct distant triquetrous compressed acute subglaucous dotted, Branches twig
7.338 Leaves green, Bractes 4 broadly ovate keeled embracing the calyx, Pet. white at base, Branches fuscous
7339 Branches decumbent 2-edged brown, Leaves acinacif. 3-corn. with sides membranous downwards, Dots
[large pellucid elevated
flower vigorously if planted in a bed in the open air and protected during winter, or if planted in a common
pit, and matted over during frost.
F f 3
ICOSANDRTA DI-PENTAG YN A.
438
7340 prcile
st.t/tum**Haw.
7341
73+2 raiiitum
i'OinprssumHaw.Haw.
73+3
piituluin
Ham.
73++ iipcnrai
itmv-Haw.
73+5
form&mm
Hato.
7,}+t
qicctbHc
7,147 conqIcuumHffw.
//.
7348
7349 hlndum
curviflrumHaw.Haw.
7350
ifireum L. Haw
7351
7368 cymbifSTium
EturiUium Hriw.
735J
glacum ,
7354
7355 strlctum
cymbilrme Afcw.
735t
7357 graiiitrme
mllo //. AT. //w.
7353 WCCtflCOm 7/rttu.
73.W btcolruxn
!..
fidttnm Haw.
y minus Haw.
70
73til (nequAlo
Umut(61ium
eretam Haw./..
73fi2
vanbile //.
73ti;,3 spinil'rinc
Mnnii
siilxiihincumHaw.
Haw. hooktd
73 curviflium
crooked-leaved n.
73d">
flcxifliumrm
//mu.
738
adfincum
7:ri7
ttllcale /law.
73iix
iL
73 stipuiceum Thunb.
t. i--
7370
7371 cor.illnuin
urorictutn //, coral
long-caled
7372
Hawnhii
Down.
7373
//.
A'.
7374 vernmiUtum
Pl. r.L.
7375prpuro-crceum
iMitltium /. Haw.
jli'o-crceum
Haw. yellow
y minus
small and $a,ff'.
7.7 crystllinum
737/
glarilc Haw./*.
737
737 plnnatlfldura
ssilirtruin
lbum
Haw.//.H. ..
7380
humlfbtira
7381
Aitn! Jnci7. Haw
7382 lanceoltum
rsciim Haw.L.
7383
7381g cordifliiim
pomertdlinum
Z..
/
738-->
CamlolT
Cai
/7>.
7386 calendulecum
pilsum Ham, /7>.
73S7
7388 limpid>n
HeUnnthoidea
738
7/. .RA'.
734
. 7358
History,
Ute, Propagation,
^towttS.SSir''" in Italy *nd
EgypCâ"
ii latter"Culture,
country burnt for polaih,
Ou
J 1:
Jw
LnrU, In.
ICOSANDRIA DI-PENTAGYNIA
9
very slender
tstraight
the peduncles upwards
un green w.th rough pellucid dots, Keel usually
letoothed
^^^^^^^^^^ ^,0
<nmyellotopnk, Stems efius.
educ.andkeeI,ofbraJSrTgh
S* ^ *" d.Si^d'e.r"1' glaUCOU'" St """" branched

^-^^
Barachestn^
* - - Cornered
ITC
!
"
"""^
-*
- ""**** 7 ** shorfcr u joint soapy,
FW pta,^, , , P - B""":h, "bating, n. M,

S^S' ff- - very
- minute
dcalyxe.
angular, .
'lern
Cal.peduncle
4-cleft "-homed
h smooth
and orarles hairy
aste w"c
^"7'1
"?"*' .^^^^.^!,*^ ""-oate
smooth,
I!d
liated,
!M.!lfK
*"
-> Sepal,
linear
thick r ""*.
uild nL"""",5'
*"""
"*"">. spatul S VSfftJg tag
da,: uh,g
hase L"
""une
ohlong,
sep,,,
*,^^
.n
m.Me
I, ,
* 7376
-^',0"!1'^^^
'378 ^
73gl
7388
^^fnnu Particular,.
"".'**"
" the """""
open air ,n the summer
f ',""
f"PPort^

ICOSANDRIA
7390 tricolor
Haw.
three-colored
lOJor
Haw.
pin*
lUl oror
y rsruiH
im-, ir Thunb.
linear
7391
villsum
L.
villous
.
I
I or
7392 cadcum
H.K.
deciduous
rOI
or
7393
apctalum
HL.. dwarf,spread
oio
7394
nodiflrum
knot-flowered
IJ
735
cilitura
//.
.
ciliated
iQI
"7397
i!1") fciuculiflrum
iDloio
Tripolium L./.. L. joint-flowering
Aster-leaved
7398
expnsum
Houscleck-lvd.
7349 vanan Hato.
varying
7400
tortusum
L.
twisted-leaved
-. l_J
7*1
italiens
H.
pale-flowered
I I oror
7402
lortum
Haw.
lorate
77404
crassicaile
relaxtum If.
livid
strap-leav.
//aw.
thick-leaved
71"fragile
"' anatmicum
//aw. skeleton-leaved
Flaw.
brittle
740ti
rctum //aw.// straight
7407
Crassula-like
7408 crassuloides
incmptum //. persistent
7409
eplndeiis
L.Haw. shining
7410
ffexuaun.
i.R*ag
7411
acumintum
//aw. acuminate *-l_)oi
7412
.
7413 sulcatum
fastigitum
//. sulcate
level-topped - I 1 0!
rcflixum
Haw.
7414 umbelliflrum IV. rrexf
umbellate - i jo:
7415
pallscens
pallid
7416 parviftrum
micrnthon//aw.
Haw.
small-blossom.
7417
Haw.Jacq.
Rush-leaved
7418 jneeum
granulicaule
//am. granulated
7419
tnue
Haw.
slender
7420 longisplnulum
//aw. long-spincd
74l
spinulUerum
Haw.
spinulesccnt
7455
grssum
Mow.
74i salmneum Haw. gouty
salmon-colored n. | o;
742*
7485 canaliiultum
viriditlrum H.//aw.
K. channel-leaved
green-flowered A.n.a. l\i ||| o:oi
7456
tcuB6nnn
Jaca.
slender-flower.
7427
nUidum
Haw.
. i
7488
K. nitid
three-forked
7489 bachUtum
aubinunum H.}/.
hoary
7430
testccum
//w.
tile-colored
7431
tuberosum L.. tuberous-rootedn. |, \ 0
7432 noctiflrum
night-floweringa. i j oi
ttramineum Haw. straw-colored
7433 defolitum
//aw.Haw. grey-barked n_n_ i j| oioi
7434
clubbed
7436
homoutle//aw.
//aw. horizontal-lvd. n.n. ,] j| o:o:
743
epecisum
n.m. iL_JI
7437 macultum
inlcans L. //aw. specious
glittering
74
spotted-stalked
a. {
7439
flvum
//aw.
small-yellow
7440
oblquum
//aie.
oblique
l_J
7441
parviilium
1
brevillium H.Haw.
. small-leaved
short-leaved
744:t
subgloUwum
//aw.
globular
7444pulvLTidiituin
. dusty-leaved
/44,> hspidum
,. Haw.
hispid
*~ft* l_J
piatyiK
tatum
|\ || .
44fi candcns
hirtelluin//aw.
//aw. broad-pctalied
dwarf-bristly
JLU.
7447
Uôr
7448 floribimdum Haw. glowing-icy
pale-brislly !U i_J or
7401
DI-FENTAGYNIA.
17
RPk C. G.G. H.H. 1795.
f P
1819.
W
CG.
H.
Ifl
Ap C.C. G.G. H.
1jl.au Pk
1774
H. 1759.
1I1 jl.au
1774.
Ap
C.
G.
R
1739.
Vi >*
]1 auo W
177*.
.
1727.
CG.
H.
w
1 I JU
17U0.
Pa.Y C.G.
jn.o
1705.
C. G. H.H. 1706.
i i
jl.au Pa.Y
Pa.Y
C.
G.
H.
1705.
C.
G.
H.
i jn.o Pa.Y
1771.
Pa.Y C.C. G.
G. H.
H. 1819.
W
i1 J jLau
jLau
1815.
G. H.
jl.au Pk
1815.
Pa Y C.C.G.
H.
H. eoa
3 I jl.au
jl.au W
1803.
G.G. H.
w C.C. G.
it jLau
R 1819.
jljl au
w C.G. R
1819.
au Pk
w C.e. G.G. R
H. 1819.
1ii jUu
1716.
jn.au w
G.
R
w C. G. R 1795.
2 jl.au
182a
w
au.a
C. G.
R 1819.
3 au.s w
179*.
G.
.
IaIIJU
au.e w
1792.
w
C.
G.
R
1820.
w
C.
G.
R
11 Jaus
182a
C.
G.
R
au.t w
Ii ... w C. G. H. 180.
1800.
1 au.o Pk... C.CG.G. R
1820.
R
R 1819.
!1 au.n::: p'y C.CG.G. R
1820.
1794.
Pa.Y
C.C. G.G. R
1774.
Pa.Y
H.
131 jn.o
au.o
1819.
au.o Pa.Y
Pk CG.
C. G. R
R 1794.
22 jl.n
jl.o
1774.
Gr
C.
G.
R
182a
C.G.
H.
22 jl.o
il.n Pk
1790.
C.
G.
H.
Y
YW C. G. H. 1774.
lesa
23 jn.nu
.iii
e.
g.
h.
182a
Or aC. g.G. h.
au.s Or
1714.
H.
32 jn.nu
jn.o
W.pk . G. H. 1714.
1732.
Str
C.C. G.G. R
H. 1820.
22 jn.au
Str
jn.au
1820.
2 n.au W.Dk
C.
G.
H.
R 1795.
2 jn.au
1793.
my.o Str
S C.C.C. G.
G. R
IJ1 .j my.au
1704.
8S C.G. H.
1792.
tau... Pk C. G. H.
1820.
R 1819.
C.C. G.G. R
au
H.
182a
Pu
1 jl.o
Pu
G. H.
1777.
RH C.C. G.
1795.
H.
1i jl.o
1792.
C.C. G.
G. R
Pk
H. 1704.
{ my
my.o
Pu
1820.
1792.
G.G. H.
H.
t} my.o
my.n Pu
Pk C.C.C. G.
1820.
R
,
i my.o Pk C. G R 1704.
?39
8S
s
ss
s
1.1S.1
S.11.1
Li 1
il
il.I
II
ilil
il
ilil
i.l.1
ilil
ilsi
11s.1
11
ils.1
il
ilsi
11s.1s.1
IIil
IIs.1
s.1
11II
ililII
11
11
il
il
ilII1
s.1
11s.1
11
II.1
J
II
11si
cm,
three IW* s-. , * Wltht terminating
"^H, Vu,
.
eK'ht
intwotheiiorcaten
moron,,,
whitePropatMo,
flow-era,
which
open,those
when the
sn
cilulc
ta* ii
,hrc<!andln Oulch
",c afternoon,
andofemcll
like
the eun
hawtt
lno uHottentot,
inhabitant!!
the Cape,
and isofcalled
Hotta
Iliil kriil KP
tLiil RiC
f:
UI fclM
KU
ij w*
OkDtR II.
rCOSANDRlA DI-PENTAGYNIA.
- .1.
7j9u Leave* linear Inflexcdchannelled blunt rough, Pedunc.
and calyx jewelled with cnretals
441
7V\ leave*
dotted.Pimple
Stem hairv
'14
Leave* pubescent
tiliforni lulfconnate
round not
distinct.
ovate. Ft. lateral sessile : the terminal *urroumledCof
by leave*
pair
7SJ
Leave* aroplexicaiil
distinctobtuse
linearciliated
flat above
pimpled longer than joint*, FL stalked
'73Leavem
1 Leave*
alternate
roundish
at
base
connatepapulose
half round. Stipules
membranous
reflexed
fringe-like
7*6
Leave*
halfround
. sessile
aJtitl.lax Cal
4-cleftCal.torn5-cnmered
7 Leaves
Leaves flattish
alternate
lanceolatenotdistinct,
Hatdotted
not doit),
Stems
simple,
7$
lanceolate
spreading
distinct
m
and
altem,
remotevery thick
7*8 Leaves
Learn flatfish
lane acuminate
keeledpapulose
fleshy bluntly ,'t-eoniered
channelled,
Pedunc.
7*0
oblongglaucous
ovate
Cab 3-leaved
T*Vi|
Imm amplexicaul.
distinct clustered
obi. lane, connate.
inflexed concave,
Se|>al*2-homod
ovate obi longer than cor.
7*t Lvl
Leave*lorate
lorateobilong
channelk-d
indexed
blunt dotted
verv glaucous
convex
beneath,
Sepals obtuse
as long
as cor.
7*a
blunt
glauc.
livid
channelled
papulose
keeled,
Stem*
branched
rounded
decumbent
(#4 Leaves
Leave* lane
lorateelliptical
acuminatecrystalline
green smooth,
Stemhaving
very short
and nerves
thick remaining,
7*6
when dead
only the
Stems procumbent
JJJ
connatelin. ovate
papulose,
Branches
erectbeneath,
clusteredFl. solitary terminal
#17 I*ave*
leaveslane
somenhat
channelled
convex
[acute
h
Lvj.
clustered
papuloseerect
somewhat
imbricate
subul.Cal.halfterminal
round, nugcr-shaped
Fl tenatecymosc, Sepalsdigitifurra
VJ
**14
h*!'
found
not
dotted
recurved
distinct
close,
WO Lvs close flexuuse recurved verv green half round. Sepal* linger-shaped, Stems rlexuoee shining slender
*
acuminate green,
Sepal*
muchpalI
elongated
T
*ate*clo>e
half'Jround
greenglaucous,
deeply channelled.
acute on ea
lib- Leaves
close ,inear
flexuosc"hulate
reflex subulate
halfround
Sepals equalSepals
3 membrane
7*14
Leave*
distinct roundish
pimpled. Stem oblong-lanceolate
erocr, BranchleU acute
1.flowered
. 1. > Leave*
U-avts lane
opposite
bluntly
Pimples m
7*lb
linearamplexicaul.
keeled not distichous
dotted distinct, Flower*, stalked,
Two
sepalskeeled,
very long
il Brauch
Sf* "bulatchalfround
acute remr.t
Tin

Im i
'"""'I li.mnH!,, ! ' 1 "* of kam verv Jons
;tJ SS ZT"" ?K2 ?** '"'">
!!"iewSEE? PMirtun h "*"'"'"K Pimpled : on.

Sh^CKiff-5
JS^"b?^5f"' f the ^ 'V^<" HfarfJ*
Cuss XII.
ICOSANDRIA -PENTAGYNIA.
443
i.1
18S0.
CG.
J my.o
Twiû'n
*~ II
S.I
1819.
7449
Haw. long-cupped
C.C. G.G. H.H.
iII ororor J% Jl.au
17. B.1& DilLeltlbf.l
7450 torqutum
calyclnum Haw.
H.
plan, grau LljO
my.o
striped-bristly %.\
7451 stritum Haw, paie
C.
G.
H.
my.o
*iI
r
1.1.1
attnutum
pdlieits Haw. elender
C.C. .G. H.H. iSl.
I * my.o
L_l
or
7452
1818.
my.o
bristle-etemmedJU
7453 hUpiftlium
C. G. H. 1S18. 8.1.1
my.o
rosy
*~ ,lJI oror i Jjl.o
rseum Haw.//Haw,
e. \iII oror I au Pa.Y C. G.. HH. 1774.
U
7454 echintum
A*. liwlge-hog
gra.
tubr,
hedge-liogn.
17' 5. i.1s.1 Plant,
7455
strum6*um
Haw. trailing beard. *~ | I or , jn.au Pk . G. H. 18S0.
Bot.
70
7456
barbturo
L.
pk
C.
G.
H.
Dul mag.
eith.i.25:
bearded n- 1 I or iI my.o
7457 stelllgerum Haw. leaser
1716.
.1
Pk
C.
G.
H.
email bearded - 1 ) or S.0
7458M.etelltum
Dec.
a.l mag. 1
hitstumH<w.
Haw. dwarf bearded . \ ! or i my.au Pk C. G. H. 1731
s.1s.1
7459dnsum
H. 1830.
J au Pk C.C. G.
bulbous
t
\
!
or
1SS4.
747461) bulbsum
Hflto.
G.
H.
jl
intonsum . -beanled - 1 I or i Ficoldetr.
1787.
S a.1 Bot.
Hymesouynb
1147. HYMENCGYNE. Haw.
J 1.0 Pa- C. G. H.
lQ]
7462Mesemb.
glabra glabrum
Hat. H. K.smooth
FOLYGYNIA.
5990. 1790. r.m Par. lond. 101
RosK.
1148. ROSA. W.
1J Rosace*.
jnjl Y Sp. Persia
Berberry-leavd.S
7463 berberiiolia Pail.
CaucMusTOJ
Leo B|>
jn.au
7464
Lawr. Vent, hedge-hog
..^
. jl.au
Kamtchatka
7465 frox
Kamchtica
jl.au
. Lindl. shining
3S JUu
W
indie. 1795.
818. L lp f*%
7466 involuerta Itox. involuexated
au.o
W China
^^.
22 au.
7467 bracteta
WendL rough-sLcmme,
Macartney
au. W China
b. scabricattisUnl
rot t 2
L Lindlros-l
. Amer.
1807.
*-'
24 jn.au
glossy
ftft
7468 ntida W.
Amer.
... LL Red.
Di.eUS45.t3lP
jn.au RH N.
Tiirneps
7469
rpa
-5osc.
N.
Amer.
Ii24.
23 jn.au
eliining-leaved
ft
L
7470
lcida
Ehr.
N
Amer.
1800.
twin-flowering
LL s-P LindL
7+71
gemllahindi.
JF.
Lawr. ros.
ros- 11 3
ItF N.N. Amer.
31i jl.au
jLau
sprdg.
Carolina ftftft
74"2lx.i
Amer.
1,24.
jn.au
L
small-flowered
7473 parviflra
N.
Amer.
...
143 jn.au
doable
st
flore
Amer. ... LL e-P Lindl, ros- 1 *
my.jn FHH N.
7474
Wodsi!pleno
Lindl Wood's
N.
Amer.
6 jn.jl
Carolina
*
7475florida
Carolina
L.
N.
Amer. 1720.
...... LL P
Bot. bot*^.
It
5
jnjl
Carolina^ft
.wA- smooth
3388
R Newfound.
6 myjn Pk
LL Eng.
ash-leaved
7476fraxiniflia
Lindl.ro.t.5
Europe
65 my
Cinnamon ft
7477 cinnammea
L.
Europe
ray.)n Pu Siberia 1805 I.

doulde
.
flore
pleno
73 my.jn
L
st'midouhle
my.jn RPk Enroue
dwnrf-ciimam. ft*
7478yflore
majalisSemipleno
Itetz.

Th^'i
lowering
-eason,soilthey
require
^^^^^^^
but
when
growing
freely,mayandbeatplanted
the flowering
eeauon,
requ
!than
soil iis.thesufficient
tnedwarf
ukinds,
and
more
woody
binds
in
a
richer
;
but
tne
poorer
pM"*?l
through
the
winter,
with'the
rov"r.
>
,
c
to
preserve
tjem
and
the Inmore
abundantly
theykwill, Hrflower
; they,m also
require
moreCuttings
"Mcr of any of them strike root
Planted
m
f
earth
and
g.
!
fr0it)r
leather.
readily,
at the flowering season, but need very little in winter. A Pw^S-Tr.
tv.ll root very soon. (SW ftsSSJ? "'^ b6g"1 to wit" i ho" '"" "" " linle " ""' '
^
a woman, or,nin artificial
botanicaldivision
language,of aMesembrystyle J
ttS1 a" *b?Sbrt^rih'J!L?"rM'* nd
membranu
1.|?afc i" """er^mTme'imV^
" .
Greek,of and
row,and
Latin.
SSd.
*"ent .pVl, f mTi
,* *henee
elvUtel nations
Europe
Asian*Wh
The shrub
1-hfS;,,
or in nl,nM
,^bSSJTh,?0t
toa mitu
or ei".
'he colors
are red,
white, yelloj
Pnj;
upw.mu "V<..
' uni''s.-illy
graten
iH! "S? a"?
i theflowers
arc single,
semi-doubie.
and dout*j
'eforÎW'w.aêentirola
H"V"ted *e.0'
from bythatcommercial
of the mostlmmble
"PretmaS I i" '" * 'ter anoI fhj J""""-na,
are alsoKrden,
cultivated
gardeners oneotUF"
a larft
half an 0,
o gal*1^
, S' , '"'. "r essential
oil ofbutros.
SiJ poun.ls
ofaflbnla
roseleaves."
ou"eeor'""
attar, ftt
their
odor
a
hundred
pounds
si-nrcelr
used m medicine. Botanists are not greecTaa to the number el
0n It
ICOSANDRIA DI-PENTAGYNTA.
44S
7H9
r.vsubcrliodr.
Incurred
pimpled
obt
hoary,
Cat.
hemispheric,
pimpled
numerous.
Stamens
longer
than
7450
Learn Leaves
cylindrical
fine, halfcylindrical,
1 wo sepals leafyCaL
muchwoolly,
longerStamens
thaii thetheothers
[styles
Erect,
subulate
length ofstyles
7132Sender,
halfcylindr.
half round,
7453
Branches,Lvs.
leaves,
peduncles,blunt
and orcalyxes
hispid Cad. hairy atbase, Pedunc. long andbranchesdecumbent
7*5*
Leavesobi.
ovate
subtriquetroue
gibbous,
very
filiform ragged hispid the length ofpetals
7455 Procumbent,
Leavesclose depressed
cylindrical
hispidexactly
allSepals
over.halferect
Old unequal
rootwith
tuberous
7456
LeavesLeavesremote
remote
subobloug
S r;iyswith
at end.
very irregular
7457
Erect
decumbent.
nearly
oblong
horizontal
Hat
above
6 raysCal.atnt5-cleft
end, Cal.
.458 Lvt tufted hoary thick halfround pimpL rough with many rays at end ciliated
base,
CaL 5-c-left
6-8-fid equal
hairy
I ** 749i
"Jj9 Branches
Densely tufted.
Leaves
halfhorizontal,
round papulose
rough with many rays at end, CaL 6-cleft very hairy
villous.
Leaves
Root
tuberous
.41 Branches erect decumbent hairy, Leaves with about 10 rays at end, Calyx with a black beard
7*68 Leaveson long stalks spatulate lanceolate green
POLYGYKIJ.
. I. . Limit, ion p.
Lindl p. a
8^<*
' '""0089 UC .h?u "
larger Uun the rejt, Leaves opai
IVn Leaflets lanceolate elliptical downy
lractes contiguous
Dv beneath,
. Bracteat*.
Lindl, p.pectinate
7.
7467 IxifleU
Branchesoblong
coveredobtuse
withvery
setassmooth, Bracles closely appresscd pectinate
lKS htres simple
74tS Dwarf, Arms very close and slender.

shining narrow
Lincelate
flat
Div. I.eafleU
IV.Leaflets
CiMSSMoMEJt
Lindl,
13. hemispherical
/*
Tall
diffuse,Prickles
Brjnchlote
unarmed,
w.tvy
shining.p. Fruit
iflb huit
Compact,
ofand
thebranches
stipulary,Floblong
Leafl.
obL
imbricated
flatPetioles
shining,andFruit
depressed. globose
4T1
depressed
glob,
pedunc,
smooth,
twin,
Leafl.
obi.
acute,
.t.-J I'.trust. Branches twiggy nearly unarmed, Leafl. oblong wavy opaque glaucous ven pubosc beneath
(473 Dwarf, Stipules linear. Prickles acicular, Leaflets lanceolate smoothish finely serrated, CaL viscid
II*
^1' Prickles
stipulary
Leaflets
oblong
glaucous blunt smooth
*p l'pules
convolute,
Leafletsstraight,
lanceolate,
Sepals
spreading
LeaSeti
not downy
Tall
unarmed,
Branches upright glaucous, Leafl. opaque wavy not downy
[beneath
7477 Tall cinereous. Branches upright, Prickles stipulary straight, Stipules wavy, Leafl. oblong rugose downy
7473 Dwarf cesious, Branches straight coloured, Prick, scatt. nearly equal, Stip. lin. Leafl. obL flat glaucous
[beneath
7M7
T ,1 8cnus , and. MhctUaneou*
""""* Parliculi
Particular*
originated from one sonn e ; others
"es. iJ ^
nLi "
wered ,
"Sroaterp,;,
. 8lVcn- by
.Ihory
-., inhasfoho,
entitleda
published
Pronville
and; intelligent
,n hundreds of
......
the last
thirty als*
years,ncar
fromRouen,
see, enumera"
on the
con
0f^rJe!c?.have
been
Britain"
ableraised
in thein Glasgow
Motuut, this
has
not one of which has, as far as we dener
iknow,atreached
Cum XI!.
444
ICOSANDEIA POLTGYNIA.
Nepal 1851 CO Lindl IM. 1 1
7479 macrophfIIa Limit, long-leaved or 6
reg.ilL4M1. 19
Switzerl 1683. L rm Bot.
jn.jl
7480a alpina
L. Gouan. Pyreiuean
Alpine
Pyrenees 1726.
... LL 00 Gouan.
jnjl
P* Switzerl.
Laur.
ros. S521
t.91
iiyrrnica
my.jn
Pu
Eng.
bot.
IKmUnaSm.L.
pendulous
England ecash. LL
jn.jl Pk
7481y rublla
reddish
l'k N. Amer.
jnjl
mrlamtcdrpa
LL LindL
jnmy.jn Pk
LindL ros.
roe. Lt. 7S
7*42J r.strtctn
LiudL Und.inlcrmfdiate
uprig. Carolina *
1805.
Sitiera
Pk
74833 aciculris
Lindl.
acicular
1813.
L
Siberia
Pk
my.jn
a. muciraH.K.
Unl/ew-oiuered
a
Bot reg. 46
Levant? 1(529.
jlmyjn YPa.Y Siberia
7484sulphrea
double-yellow
1780. LL l.l Lindl 1 9
748j lutsrons Psh.
hispid-stemmedlj
Britain
th.bpJ
1
MESS^L Scotch
or 2jnj. W..
Garden Varieties.
Marbled,
Blush,
Double
Rose
Marbled, Double
Double Dark
Light
Blush, Anderson'! Double
Blueh,
Dutch
Double
Pumlc,
DoubleDouble
,. Light
Lady's
Blush,
Princess
Double
Purple!
Sm^lt
Blush, Double Lady's
Crimson,
Double Crimson
Red, Double Darle
Blush,
Marbled, Double
Blush, Double
Double Pink
Provina
1814. LL Bot
1 my.jn W
Pall re?.
ross.431.t. 75
or
y s.s. revrsa
Lindl.
W Siberia
Siberia
oror 23 my.jn
PallnsU
LindL
PaUns'i
L
W Siberia ISIS. L Bot reg. 888

i tanguisorbifolia
Do. large-flowered
BurnetJeaved S or 4 my.jn
my.jn W
7487
grandiflora
LindL
L8B0. LL LindL n* 1 10
W
S.Caucasus
France ]S
oror 21 my.jn
74S8
myriaintha
D.
C.
many-spincd
W
my.jn
74&, Hieljcmeini Lindl. Bieberstein'
W.B Hebrides moun.Lco
1816. L ^bg-S
W.Sfc-11-1-""
7* R.ffrox
involta Bieb.
Sm.
Dr. Walker's oror 25 jn.jl
W.R
Hungary woods.
jnjl
7491
reversa
W.&K.
reversed
W.B
Britain
8
my.jn
or 4 myjn Pk Britain hei LL
7492 Sablli Woods. Sabine's
or
Donidna Woods. Do'
Laur.roit
1 or 3 jnjl Pk Levant 1. L
7493 damascna MUU Damask
Garden Varictie*.
Damas
Argente
Belgic,
Blush
Damas
Pourpr
Agathe,
Rouge
Blush,
Early
Damask,
Blush
Argntea
Blush,
Imperial
Damask,
Red
Auguste,
Belle
Blush
Monthly
Damask,
White
Aurora
Blush, Watson's
Bfera
Carnea
Egyptiau
Brunswick
Bfera
deGrandiflora
Naples
Cluster, PaleBelle
Bifera
Couronne,
Belgique
carne
Couronne
Petite
Belgique violette
747!
74G8
*!*
4*.
S
-
7476
Use, Propagation,
rfreferable.
( ghlj
country. Some of them are quite History,
black, others
shaped like Culture,
a ranunculus^which
and they ^
arc roenderroses,
the
forming
sMdards,
odoriferous.
The
most remarkable
only areinhere
arranged
u~
species
- .that
- ot,r ermine
stanuaiu.
~i
A
modern
invention,
of
Dutch
origin,
the
culture
of
is
1"
r
tne
tree
<>be >.
as the'TCrd"8
dog rose, B. taste
canina,andu.the purposes
-esr
onger time thai, "n as ''"' h"doine round
i 8r,ulJ'
awn,,
.,,
\4
n
its
raise,
from
cuttings
'''Ch
"""
,an"
"*,
,he
"J
"V'o'i the deeener V r f the root required S,rhey *re P11"' valuable for shrubberies and
rovariM ortneir. arlot'COU ot 8ive"> and if m
**Me' ,V2- ?he " "/S .'nT*rrrSeelvU1 hC. ' modc f Prop4.tlon I. by layen. AU -ri
""Kings ,"" Plantai J"' n"m,r-v- Rosetr e,",,r ," hc m4y rose does not thrive so eil there as
P'"u
.," MR
''''^selve,
in r,^t'"^
front ofshrul*eries,
borden;
increase
to th?*bab".,nf'
' "mitnlj
of 1,"""Xplanted
,or' ,^,in thegroups
on lawn, eitherandwithin common
* ,hc 'Ilusin ; u,e> shoot,
,^',Tma,r"to
m,i convV. WOrkT'1"''
a8t
""vdsurface
basketsto ofthenes
W
of the strongrû"'',0
"to
present
*eatcr
eye,aad
"s arc layered or kept down by pegs till they strikeroots
Oin III.
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
445
7*79 Lvs. very long, Petioles with a tewglands and lane, leal downy ben. Sep. very narr, longer than pointed
, Fruit long pendulous,
Div. V.Peduncle
PiMPiNELLtFOLlf.
Lindl, p. 36.
[petali
/480$ Unarmed,
hispid
Tube
of several
calyx andandpeduncle
hispid
Leaflet*
item
colored
7*818 Arasclose
equal, Fruit
Fruit dark colored
shorterlongthanpendulous
usual
^nched,acicular
Branchlets
unarmed,
pendulous
, ,...<
Brai,cl>cs
unequal,
Lead,Fruit
glauc.long
rugose
convex, Fruit obampullaceous ccrnuoue
foliage
bnjrht
pale
green
7i4 Stipules linear dilated at end divaricating, Leafl. glauc. flattish, Tube hemispherical [simply serrate
Amu ofbranches veryclose uneq. reflex, slender, thoseofthe branche very small nearly equal, Lcafl. flat
Vf 7*86 Armi unequal, Leaflets flat naked simply serrated
Garden Varieties.
Red,
Double
Light
White,
Large Seral-double
Double
Red,
True Double
Yellow,
Globe Double
Double
White,
Urge
Two-colored,
Large
Double
lellow, birgo
White, Whitley's
Small
Double
Two-colored, Small ~
lellow,
Pale
Double
White,
Double
Yellow, Small Double
'Jg S Eft"* "*-
Gracieuse
Mignonne, Favorite
lied
Pt
t.ir.lL'.-li White
PunaMui
ows!l04l>d> o that ,-
Garden Varieties.
Pastana
Prolific
PerpetualSaisons
Quatre
Quatre
Saisons blanche
Quatre
Saisons,
flesh-colored
Quatre
Saisons panach
Francois
Quatre
Saisons
Quatre Saisons pompoue
7484
Quatre Sabona
fpines
Quatre
Saisons, sans
scmidoubln
Royal,
Great
Swiss
Valiant
Versailles
York
and Lancaster
Zeabuid
ami MUeeilttneouM P,
il, which
is
ornes,
irge;
other
occasions
theserom
are
sformed
belge,
instandard
Ir<r ,.
"i
446
7494 Centiflia L.
Provins
R. provincilis Mill.
or
3 jn.au
Pk
S. Europe 1596. L. r.m. lted ros 1 t. 1
Garden Varieties.
Centfeuilles de Bruxelles
Centfeuilles de Hesse
Aunay, Belle d'

Aurora
Belgic, Red
Blandford or Kingston
Blush Royal
Emperor
Juno
Louis XVIII.
Malta
Mre Grvone
Centfeuilles gaufre
Bourbon
Chamois
Cluster
Constance
Bright Crumpled
Cabbage, Blush
Cabbage, Single
Cumberland
Dragon
Mottled Purple
Neapolitan
Cramois, Grand
Carmine
Duchesse dAngoulme
Carmine, Superb
Duchesse de Berri
One-sided
CEillet
Pencilled
Petite Hollande
Persian
Elysian
Centfeuilles anemone
s muscsa Mill.
CLAss XII.
Moss
or
3 jn.jl
Pk
...
L. r.m Red. ros. 1. t.8
Garden Varieties.
Moss, Blush
2 Pompnia D. C.
Pompone
Moss, Common
or 2 jn.jl
Moss, Dark
Pk
......
...
L. r.m Red ros. 1. t. 21
Garden Varieties.
Dwarf Bagshot
De Meaux
3 c. bipinnta Red.
7495 gallica L.
bipinnate
officinal
*
*
Mossy de Meaux
Mignonne Charmante
or 3 jn.jl
R
or 2 jn.jl
R
Pompone
Pompone, Proliferous
.....
...
L. co Red ros. 2. t.4
S. Europe 1596. L co Bot reg. 448
-
Garden Varieties.
Admirable
Champion
Fiery
Italian
Aigle noir
Chancellor
Changeable
Cherry
Flanders
Flemish
Formidable
Josephine
Albanian
Amaranth
Junon
Kin
La
5uphine
Antwerp
Clementine
Atlas
Belle Aurore
Coquette
Garnet
Couleur de feu
Gay
Cramoisie, Grand
Cramoisie, Belle
Crimson, Dutch
Crimson, Purple
Crimson, Royal
Giant
Gloria Mundi
Crown
Henry IV.
Herminie, Belle
Hervy
Hollande, Noir de
Hundred-leav., Blush
Hundred-leav., Dutch
Hundred-leaved, Singleton's
Imperatrice
Incomparable
Burning Coal
Beaut Aimable
Beaut Rouge
Beaut Suprme
Bijou
Bishop
Black Frizzled
Blue
Bouquet rouge royale

Brunette
Brussels
Buonaparte
Cardinal
Carmine
Carmine Brillante
Carmine, Proliferous
Carnation
Catalonian
Fringed
Cupid
Damask, Black
Delicious
Dingy
Duc de Guiche
Duchesse d'Orleans
Dwarf Proliferous
Enchanter
Enfant de France
Eucharis
Fanny Bias
L'Ombre agreable
L'Ombre superbe
Leyden
Lisbon
Granaat Appel
Grand Monarque
Lively
Lurid
Maiden
Grand Sultan
Infernal
Invincible

there among groups of flowers; or in lines or avenues, along flower walks.
Majorca
Malabar
Malta
Manteau Royal
Marbled
Marbled, Dark
Marbled, Double
Marbled, Grand
Margaret
Matchless
Mauve
Mignonne
In the gardens of the Grand
Trianon, they are planted profusely in large masses, like plantations of trees and shrubs, and there much of
their individual beauty is lost, and no

general effect produced.
Most species of the rose, in their wi d state, grow in sandy and rather poor soil, except such as are natives of
woods, where the soil is richer, and comparativel moist. But all the cultivated roses, and especially the
tlouble-flowering kinds, require a rich loamy soil, inclining to clay rather than sand; and they require also,
like most double flowers, plenty of moisture when in a growing state.
To produce strong flowers, roses require some attention to pruning; old wood should be yearly cut out, and
the young shoots thinned and shortened according to their strength, and whether number or magnitude of
flowers be wanted. Those sorts which throw up numerous suckers should be taken up every three or four
years, reduced, and replanted; and most sorts,
the standards, will be improved by the practice,
Provided attention be paid to remove a part of the ol soil, and replace it by new.
he points of the shoots
ORDER III.
447
7494 Arms unequal: the larger falcate, Leaflets glandular-ciliate, Fl. cernuous, Cal. viscid, Fruit oblong
Garden Varieties.
Provins, Early
Provins, Grand
Provins, Imperial
Provins, Invincible
Provins, Royal
Provins, Scarlet
Provins, Semidouble
Provins, Shailers
Provins, Single
Provins, White
Pompon, Gros
Pourpre Aimable
Pourpre Favorite
Pourpre Violette
Prolific
Provins, Blush
Provins, Cabbage
Provins, Childings
Provins, Common
Provins, Damask
Provins, Dutch
Rouge Superbe
Sans ptales
Souchet
Spongs
Striped Nosegay
Surpassante
Syren
Trianon, Belle de
Versailles
Vilmorin
a Calyxes and peduncles mossy

Garden Varieties.
Moss, Prolific
Moss, Single
Moss, Striped
Moss, White
2. Smaller in every part

Garden Warieties.
Rheims, De
Provins, Dwarf
Provins, Small
St. Francis
2 Leaves bipinnate
7495 Arms nearly equal of the same shape weak, Leaflets rigid ellipt. Fl. erect, Sep. ovate, Fruit nearly 1ound
Garden Varieties.
Mignonne,
Mignonne,
Mignonne,
Mignonne,
*::",
Blush
Dark
Favorite
Red
Mignonne, Striped
ile
ogu
Montauban
Morocco
Mottled, Black
Natalie
Negrette
Negro
Ninon de l'Enclos
Nonpareil
Pourpre Velours
Sable
Paradise
Prince
Princess
Sanspareil
Sceptre
Paragon
Semidou-
ble
Panache, Petite
Pavot
Prince William W.
Shell
Perruque
Prolific
Pronville
Stadtholder
Phoenix
Plicate
Proserpine
Pomona
Pompadour
Pomponne Bizard
Poniatowsky
Poppy
Porcelaine
Portland
St. John's
Stri
Nosega
Su
Red
y
Sultana
Purple, Bright
rple, Favorite
Purple, Grand
Purple, Light
Purple, Royal
Pyramid
Trafalgar
Triumphant
uscany
Two-Colored
Velvet, Double
Velvet, Semidouble
Velvet, Single
ueen
Officinal
Officinal, Blush
Officinal, Carmine
*#e.
Belle
Orleans
Ornement de Parade
Pourpre, Point
Pourpres, Roi des
Normandy
Stepney
Pulmonaire
urple, Blue
aestana
Pourpre, Belle
Pourpre Bouquet
Pourpre Charmante
Pourpre de Tyr
Nonsuch
Spanish
Grande
anunculus
Ranunculus, Early
Velvet, Striped
Red and Violet
Royal Red
Venetian
Roi de France
Rosa Mundi
Rose de Parade
Victory
Violet, Dark
Violette, Belle
Royal Virgin
Violette and Rouge
and Miscellaneous Particulars,
of the more delicate sorts of roses, are very apt to die when pruning is performed in winter, or spring; to
avoid the consequences of this evil, many give a second pruning in June, or do not prune the tender sorts
at all till the beginning of that month. A very good time for performing the operation, is immediately, after
the bloom is over; cutting out old exhausted wood, shortening shoots which have flowered to a good bud
accompanied with a healthy leaf, but leaving such shoots as are still in a growing state untouched till
October.
Where very large roses are wanted, all the buds but that on the extreme point of each shoot
should be pinched off as soon as they make their appearance, and the plant liberally supplied with water. To
lessen evaporation, and keep up a constant moisture at the roots of their roses, the Paris gardeners generally
mulch them with half-rotten stable-dung, or partially rotten leaves.
-
The earliest flowering rose is the monthly, which, in mild seasons, and, planted against a wall, will some
times flower in the beginning of April; the roses next in succession are the cinnamon, which flowers in May;
the damask in the end of
# or beginning of June; the
blush, York and Lancaster, Provins, and Dutch
18ia L cc
oror 1I jiji
3 pftmtta L.
wild qffcinni
Pu Europe ... L
7496 parvnlia Eht. Burgundy
1629. LL r.r.
Pk
58 jn.au
*
7497
turbinU
. Frankfort
highl.v.
jn.jl Hl'k Britain
Apple-bearing
7498
viUea
L.
England
ned. LL &ci
6
jnjl
downy-lvd.
dog
7499 tomentOM
bed.
H Britain
64 jn.jl
toft
*
Sm. 5m.
Ireland 1597.
... LL r,
jn.jl
y mllis
t. resinta
Lindl. turpentine
Crimea
4 jnjl w
tingle white fc
7500 lba i.
Blush,
Double
White Eliza
Agate
JaVH
Feuille
ferme
Bouquet
Blanc
Belle
Aurore
de
Grand
Cuisse
Celestial
Blanche
vert
Nymphe
Duc d'Yorck
Blanche decur
Belgique
i Pk Ireland ir.thi. Sk (
)I hibrnica Sm.
Irish
Y Germany
33 jnjn Y.o
75021tea
Mill, Mill. single-yellow
9k
Germany 1596.
1596. LL Ii
puaicea
Austrian
Pk
Britain
ch.
ba. S <
5
my.jn
7503 rubiginosa L.
Sweet Briar
Garden Varieties.
Double
Clementine
American,
Dwarf, Semidouble
Cluster
Bluflh
Britain thick.
64 my.jl
Pk
small-flowered
umbellta
micrntha Sm.
Germany
...
Pk
beers. Ser/itd.Sw.Briarik
Britain thick.
36 mvjn
my.jn
Pk
spium
ThllUL
dwarf
myjn Pk Britain hed.

i inottra Agdh. scentless
R. BorreriLindl.
Woods.
1818.
Siberia
oror 32 my.jn
7504
pruinsa
Canda 1821.
myjn
7505 glutinsa
Sm,
Caucasus
1798.
L
jnjl
7506
caucseaL.Lindl. dog,
Caucasian
Britain
hed.
jn.jl
7507 canina
or Hip
Britain
hed.
3i callina
Jacq.
hill
4"
J|
England
hed. LLL
jn.jl
Thuill. bushy
Europe
1814.
jn.jl
oror 63 jn.jl
7508 dumelrum
tubrUSUa
Vitt.
red-stained
...... 1822.
liedutaL. Thory. Redout's
China
1789. L
or 20 ja.d
7509 Indica
blush Chinese
Garden Varieties, referable either to Rosa indica or R. semperflorens,
Camescens
'
Alba
Bengale n M. panach
CentiflU
Animating
Bengale
Blanche
Chiffbnnc
Atro-nigra
Bichonia
Cerise
clatante
Bengale Bouquet
Boursault
1810.
Pa.pk
y adoratissima
Sweet dwarf
Sweet Chinese _J[oror 31 f.au
...
my.au
Pk China
China
pumita
Red.
...
my.au Cr
Pk
China
i longtflia W.
witlmu-leaved * _J or 5 ja.d
China 1789
7510 Lawranceana
semperflrensStveef.
Curt, ever-blowing
1810.
7511
MissLawrence's** I oror 101 ja.d Pk China
. Indies 1823.
7512 microphylla Roxb. small-leaved \ | or 3
hed. L
Britain
6 myjl
7513 systya
Bat. Lindl. one-styled
hed.
Britain
38 jn.jl
myjl
Lady
Monson's -Ail
MonsniiC
hed. LL
Britain
white-dog
7514 s.arvneis
Huds.
SwitzerL ... L
4 my.jn
hbrida Schleich. Double-Hep.
448
History, Use,
hundred-leaved,
in June, July,
August,
The Propagation,
Virginia
andCulture,
muskcontinue
roses arein the
? /.?.; i'l11In tl,e
September,
androseand
in ithe
shaded
situations
will the
sometimes
blocce
it
earliest
monthly)
is
also
latest,
and
generally
and
if"iw
,
7
frnsL
Tn,?
earliest
sorts
may
be
materially
forwarded
by
being
planted
duns bGS^^!hcs '10 placet! before them, and the wall is either flued and heated
Kotocted
i ' tho
pianuormay
flowermayin beFebruary
u uyhi giaa,
autumn,
aidedbebybrought
artificialto heat,
continuedor inMarch.
bloom l1
Order III.
449
i
?^?ta, rt,
RooHequal,
creeping
D.arf,
U,, rigid ovate Mute 6ncIy Krratc_ ^
7WTul* of eslyx turbinate
- Vil Viuos*.
acute- "uit hisP'd i

Flowers
red
uliiij 7 Loa, oblongglaucous naked atore
.imply'
irrate, Sepals re
Fruit
Garden
Varieties.
Maiden;. Blush,Great Nova cielestii
Koaea
"ragahi,
Triangular1.
Noya plena
la ravorile
While,
Double
Petite
cuis de Nym. Simonvllle
Spineless virgin
Muscat
rouge
White, Seinidouble
7m
Pri-iu.
IWftttta^
,,^ Novate Tnomlees,
.cute nakedDoable
simply serrate
7 Wd* slight, u.,, l o'SS^SS.* "
JSOSPiickle. booked, Leaflets
CiL and
Garden Varieties.
Scarlet
White,
Koyal
Tree, Double
Zabeth
Branche..
P*cUl. Fruit long
Bra h_ j
glandular than usual, Sepal, deciduous
* Branches J^^ ' M
113?
&
?
Orarie.
SoJo"'
IXC""4*
*
,;"' Orarie |,
^ hairy IxSeh.
,uin.uaglaucous
giauc. opaque
Ovarici 20-30
ruy mCcU
"?1 ",|
"P0*1 the branche
eUipt Kuminateamootfa
crenate. serrate
beneath.discolored.
Ovaries 40J0
rr/erable either to liosaPurpurea
indica or R, temptrorens.
tVh Gantai t'aretiet,
Monstrosa
Eff*
Moonshine
Sanguines
Terneaux
Nigra
Sans
pines
Veloute
"**
Noisette
Subalba
* l^TUnceoUte,
A Littlebush, smallerBranches
in everynearly
respectunarmed
75 ^.^toUanceolate crenate serrate. Ovaries 15, Petals entire
7512 WM
L^h T*S**sarate shining,
cute flne1'
Ovaries7-8Sep. short broad acute acuLite
CaL*ted,
muricatedPetals
withacuminate.
very dense prickles,
Dir. strong
X. SVBTYLab
'cry
hooked Lindl Pn 111
& B"chos with a few seta.
few scant seta?. Style, di.tinct
?LbUinlng Ule
"f '"^""r Parlienlar,: '
' SW "P&<17<SCC
^114. Priced,
VS
offl'n'.f"'""?1
"". by cutting
the flower
A
h.ch"""(i-*
""",;,
<* -7'"allkind,
earl, insnoot,
,,,?.oir
S5 '"taue 2* '" common
m staU'*t0 f* h"1*
autumn.
Cr
1C0SANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
450
L
Bot
Europe
1G29.
or 20 jn.au
7515 eempervrens
L. evergreen
8. L s.l Bot.
or SO jn.au
Ayrshire
nibaeciduaThunb.
Chins
1804. Lim
J. oror 1212 jn.jl...
bramble-flow.
7516
multiflra
Nepal
!U!U or 12 jl.o
Brown's
7517
Bninnii JJndL
LL .
Barbary 1822.
156.
751S moschta
MUI. musk
. M.I
Ml
15P.
Barbary
oror 1212 jLo
fi.
pleno Lindl. double-musk
1822. LL Bot
Nepal
jl.o
.
nepalnsis
Nepal
184.
Persia
or 304 il
tree
arbbrea
1822. LL Bot
i .
nivea Peru,
LindL Museade-rougc XSt
4 jl-{Lan
Bow.
L P.1
N.
Amer.
bramble-leaved .-*
7513% rvratina
rubiflia
R.
Br.
N. Amer. 1800.
1800. L p.l Lin
r.fenestrlis LindL smooth-leaved
China 1759.
L p.1 Lu
roy.Jl W
7520 elnica AH.
3-lcaved China tt oror 205 jnjl
W
7521 Bank'si
R. Br. yellow
Lady Banks's fc.
Y China
China 1S07.
1824. p.p.1
Bol
fiorc lteo
t~
Bramble. l_ (or 3 Rosacea:
4
Mauritius 1811.
apo W
Bose-leaved
7522 uu'Bua
rowefliuj w.Sm. double-fiower'd
Mauritius
1811. p.1
p.1 an
Be
W
Jloror 35 ap.o
*
i_
coronartus
Madeira
1789.
p.1r.m bn
jn.jl
PW
innate
L
7523pinnatus
W.
Britain
m.wo.
Sk
my.jn
W
aspberryRaspb. il frfr 55 myjn W . Amer. 1696. Sk
7524
Ida;'us W. W. Americ.
7525
occidentlis
Nepal
1822.
my.au
Nepal Baspber.
7526
pauciflrus Ph.
WalL plaited-leaved
N.
Amer.
1811. Sk
jnjl HW
Je froror 10S3 jnjl
7527
cuneifliue
N.
Amer.
1811.
Sk
w
7528 canadnsis W. purple-stalked -* Dr 3
Canada bor.fi.
1768. Sk
w
bristly
7529
hiepidui W.W.
Sk
vv Britain
Dewberry -*-* fror 10S jn.jl
7560ca/sius
hed.
Skco
Britain
W
Hazel,leaved -*-* or 10 jl
7531 corylii.lius E. B. common
Britain hed. _jL CO
Pk
7532 fruticoaue W.
w Britain
white-fruited
-* oror 10 jn.s Pk
y
L
Britain
double-flowered-*
plnus
Amer. 1823.
L CO
\v N.
or 3 jn.jl
jtue Linie.
fine-toothed
-*
7533
argti
Palestine
1823.
Pk
jn.jl
or
8
holy
7534
snctus Schrcb.
.... 182*.
1821. LL
jnjl W
or
10
7535
panicuUtuN
Schlect,
pan'icled
I.
France
Jamaica 1822.
7536 sanguinolentasLin*,blood-red
* \_ J oror 46
7537
jamaicnsis
Swx. Jamaica
t~-* L J or
w" Spain
10
7538
ulmifliua
Schott,
elm-leaved
Germany ISA'!.
181 L
Pk
7539 Sprengeiii Weihe. SprengePs -* oror 1010 u
1823. LL
W S.Europe
jn.jl
7540SchlechtendhliiBV.Schlechtendahl'e-*
Amer.
1824
w
7541 rugsus Smith. rugose

* L J or
hed. L
w Britain
or 10 jn.s
7542
plic.it
*.
Weihe,
plicate
-*
Britain
hed. I.L
w
7543
rhamniflius
Weihe, shining
Buckthom-lvd. -4 or 10 JI1.S
Britain
thick.
w
jn.s
7544
nitidus
Weihe.
Germany
... L
jn.s w
7545
W.If.en.en. woolly-leaved
7546 tomentsus
glandulsus
glandular Je
or 10 jn.s w Germany 1816. L CO
R.
leucostchys
Smith.
Hungary 181&
7547 hlrtus
K. ci.M ' en. jag-leaved
hairy
-*Jk or
... L F
oror 10IS7 jn.a
n.l
7548
lacnitus
N.N. Amer.
1789.
Sk
7549
trivilis
Ph.
procumbent
Jk
njl
Amer.
1777.
Sk
7550villsus W.
ehaggy
oror 33 l.au
N.
Amer.
...
Sk
njl
7551
strig/tsus
Ph.IV. en. shining-leaved
strigoee
or 6 jnjl
N. Amer. 1789. Skco
7552
flagellar.*
-*
N.N. Amer.
Amer. 1700.
1805. Skco
or
12
njl
7553
'merinie
W.
en,
smooth
Jfc
7554 odortus W.
flowering -* oror 74 njl
Britain
wooda. SkSk II
.s
7555 subcrctus E. B. upright
tt
History,
n an open airy situation ; their
flowerUte,
budsPropagation,
pinched off Culture,
as they appear ; and the plant!
plunged
a state
.....
rest,
by
excluding
the
sun
and
rain,
but
not
a freeofcirculation
of air. of the apniu.
Ait
tne
species
of
roses
are
very
liable
to
the
attacks
insects,
especially
mn!.'
il*
'P10'
'oses
.~otch
rose,
are
attacked
by
Cvnips
roste,
o<
,
.
y
.,
"
and
Scotch
arc
the
,
by punctu
s trie production
mossy tufts often seen onwhich,
wild roses.
SSSSSS
ofofrose-galls,
andandof those
rose
\eSSS2
!!F""
'.- M*
I""'aj.hides
Hcdcguar,
used
inmosev
medicine.
Under
coveroftobacco
.........
which
,=
;
but
the
laive
of
mauv
others,
and
especially
tipulaand
thi
water '*1111* UD ud shrivelling of th leaves, can only be removed by wa=n
>rodcii'*i,j7m
'he Celticfrom
rub,thewhich
of thetheir
species
are one
onlyybiennia
producing
sucker, or stolones
roots,signifies
whichred.ripenMany
and drop
leaves
t
.- : i ill- 1
*lul>
Ci
S1 1,Lute
M
le
S [gbi
S1 LfJLa
1 t?;Mi.
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNI.
451
Leaves evergreen
...i llrancbleU
..iwcnicu nearly
lanceolate,
calyxes
downy
entire
[
m glauc.
oftglandular,
lanceolate
rugose,conniveut
Stipule* scrratures,
pectinate Sepals
7518
,Leaflets
Leafletsandcllip.
acumin.
bcneatliStipules
with
y Flowen
double
LeaBeti
orate
lanceolate,
Petali
acute,
Pedicels
and
calyxes
glandular
Stem branched,
irborcKentLeaflets ovate-obl. acuminate rugose, Petals large obcordate
i Stem
Stem
erect,
double pinkovate lane, with diverging scrraturce, Stipules entire, Sepalsovate,
[pisiform
7513 llnncbleb
notblowers
downy.
Fruit
Leaflet! smooth
on eachLeaflets
side
7)Stipule
.LjJM" 1
Bunchessetaceous
and fruitdeciduous.
unarmed Petioles and rib prickly, Fruit muricate
Ci*",
fi
75SS quinete pinnate and tenate green on4 each
Shrubby.
side, Stem and petioles prickly, Fl. solitary
fi
eachside,
Stem petioles
Raceme
pJ _ ,, J*qmnatepinnate
Leave, qunate pinnateandtmate
and ternaterugose
white smooth
beneath.onLead,
rhomboid
lined andpedunc prickly.[terminal
2*
, ***p'nnate.
lhree Stemround,
white beneath,Leaf).
Stem6-7prickly,
Petioles
round
'?*
.
plicate
serr.
white
beneath.
Pan.
cymose.
Pet
shorter
than
calyx
Smoothih,
Branche* petLeafl.
and ]0-5-3lanceolate
ped. downy, Lead.naked
3-5cunate
obovate
unequallytoothed
fian.
S
on eachBristles
side finely
serrated, Stemupwards,
unarmed,Raceme*
Brades term.
lanceolate
3
i
VC1
3
nakcd
stcm
id
petioles
very
hispid,
stiff
btemerect
'*ave>tmate
nearly
naked
:
the
lateral
2-lobed,
Stem
prickly
round
roundish, Prickles many close, Leafl. 5 pubese beneath, the lateral sessile, Cal.offl. reflcxed
iangularfurrowed, Leafl, obtuse shining and even above, hoary beneath. Pan. decomp. hoary
1 Sf.rn
~~
m pet. ped and 1 priekl, d glandular
M:
cordate
S H? SlSiL* unequallySKSS?S-b*beneat^theodd
!mto?wv ' *<** Stem round pro?one*adpetprick.
pet and ped. unarmed'
u ,
""""-WtaMte, cm ding with
"M prickle.
t Adah
*. .ower, and fruit,* """

and diethenevt.
ln!lki,*'h,mifcu_'
tl1c nest- Tl|e eommon > and Lramol.
îWSa
: "'* "
lik
>f
'i'"1'" ion Ii"" v,,' excell S i U*!"fermentation
in the tomach.
There"are red
&&^&*h'*eC aZC't'
il,S^C
??vVr'
rortoge'theV'nS,
.......
of several row.
togethei
it may/..,
be placed
the
" " " ooh E8,"?1'
"I" nutted
th.,
nade
?C10M
"-roquent
renewal
. . toin prea" "c W
t eta,the
MEt
vE ?".deerccleak young
!uckcr"-,
"
".e louowing
,ear,
unless
plantaNare"">wanted;
and.In ifvery
Gg 9
.
ICOSANDRIA rOLYGYNIA.
5
E.
india
1810.
Skip
Ru-*"J"-f3 jl.au
IUI
Molucca
7556
China
JU 1 oror 3S jl.au
China 1817.
1818. .L Bot reg. >
7557 moluccSnut
reflxue .If. retacad
au.s
7558 parviliua L.
ita
W
Britain
m.waap
Eng.bot^
7559 saxtil. W.
tone
-* or
SkSk pp. EiotbotlUSo
7560 triflrus Richardxm Americ-stone -* or j* n RW Canada
Labrador
1802.
7561
pistilltue.i*A.
i mv.au Pk .Scotland al. Sk p. Eng. bot Vt IKb
75.2
f. . close-styled
dwarf-crimson
756J rcticus
chanuemrus
Cloud-berry i frfr % m'y.jn W Britain moun. Sk jxl Eng. bot 716
1150. DALIBAR'DA. Jtfc*.
Daubabda. cu 4 Rosace.
my.jn W Sp. N.25.Amer. 1768. I> Lp. Mich.amel.t?I
Violet-leaved
756* violaxride*
Mi
Mich.ame.ixe
ripent
Ph.
I
7565 fragarioilce Mi. Strawberry-lvd. i eil my.jn W N. Amer. 1803. D Lp
Sp.9.
Rosacea?.
Strawberbv
Eng. lot ra
1151. FRAGA'RIA. W. wood
S
5.1
Britain
woods.
11 apmy
W
7566vsca
'.
5.1 Bol. mag di
1773. 111
my.jn
W
one-leaved
7567
monophfUa
A
Bir.l
Germany
17(58.
J
Bf
W
Pine
7668
W.
AA fr? H ap.my W Britain woods. Ks r.l Eng.tot.2B7
Hautboy
7569datior
W. Mich. Green
. lis111 r.l I Puhs.arb.U5 U*tk
41 P-my
S" N.N. Amer.
Canada
7570 canadensis
Amer. ISSEL
ap.my
Mill.ici LSSi
scarlet
7571
virginina
PA.
A
r.l Duna.
Surinam
1759.
1
ap.my
W
srb.L ta
fr * my.jn W S. Amer. 17-7. Rs
7572
grandiflora
W. Pine
Rsr.l
fr
Vyellow-flower'd
Mill
_i
Chili
Bot reg.61
7573
chilocnsii
W.
Ilst-P
'Sit
or 1 my.o Y India 1
7574 Indica . X.
9.2.Britain sp. bo. D P Eng.
1152. CO'MARUM. W. Coma rum.
7575
palfietre
W.
Marsh
Cinquef.^
cu
Eng.
tot.
85
Britain banks. D lp
$7576 paKietre
fragarioldee W. en. Strawberry-like^t w
Fragaria tterilis .
..40-74.
totbntS370
71153.
POTENTII/LA.W.
England
LL CO Eng.
Pend,
7577
fruticso
W.Ph. duster-flower.
shrubby
N. Amer.mm.hol.
1811.
Eng.
tot
7578
floribunda
Britain
me.
D
Bot.
cab-TSi
7579 Anserlna W.
Wild Tansey
Nepal IR l> Hook. es. .
7580
atrotanguinea
Lodd.
crimson
Nepal
16
D
,
7581
Hook. white-shrubby
Nepal
Siberia 18. L P-1 Bot cab. 9H
7582 nepalnsis
Satlesvii
W.en.
-
P.
glabra
Lodd.
Nepal
7583
splcndens
Wall. fine
Dauri 1797. gD >
7584
hispida
W.en,
hispid
Siberia
1780.
D
7585serlcea
W.W.
silky
Siberia
1759.
Dg Gm.sLlt3l.tl
7586
muHffida
cut.leaved
Siberia
1773.
7587
fragarioldee
W.
Strawberry.lvd
Siberia
1799.
D Mac. s. It*'4
75R8
ruthnca
W.
Russian
England
al
.
7589
rupcMtrisW.W.
rock
Siberia 1773. Dg
75X)
bifurca
bifid-leaved
Levant
D J.c.vin.2.11
7591
pimpinellotdesW.W. Pcnsylvanian
Burnet-lcaved
N.
Amer. 1758.
1725.
7.>92 penylvnica
Siberia
lfi gDD Jac.aus.5lW
7593
supina
IV.
trailing
Jae tut **>
R
Europe
I
7594rcta IV.
upright
Britain gTa-pa. g Eng. tot 83
7595
argntea
W.
silvery
SwiUerl.
178S.
g
7596 adscndeni
intermdia W.
Hungary 180& U
7597
W.en. various-leaved
ascending
i
V
V
//,beUle,
large fruit it the object, no suckers should
left Propagation,
at all : on theCulture,
contrary, when the stronges suckers sre
w-anted,
the
fruit-bearing
shoots
should
be
cut
down.
, ,is .....
,.|
wn. a occidentalia
IsR.a showv
plant and
for large
shrubberies.
The
fruit inof our
R. catsius
cj"" i andftthcit,d
tinues
till frost
corylifolius
fruticosus
arcareboth
common
hedges
i blue,
tne tm.
U
are much
tougher
than
those
of
the
former,
and
preferred
by
thatchers
for
binding:"",
.
s
lde
ther are ripe, are coolingano g:g. âttn
rtmes
"Jw-bive and' matat makers. The berries, eaten at the moment tiler
uinre,
they
are
coarse
and
astringent
;
and
a
little
after,
disagreeably
flavored
or
putriu.
1
-,1
a
t*
il S" "* 1 Dut "53' carc " requisite in gatheriiig the fruit, wie berry ofthe last son w. rThe <I"5."ble.flowering
variety is consideredis eaten
very ornamental
, and. Sweden
,_,- |n. clarlcM
thc la""
cointrv
n ","-rkoticus
in the
northandofforScotland
cured o t?
informsandus, chamasmorus
it is much prized in soups,
sauces,
making vinegar
, au"
bJ
rais,,
felcr by eating
great
quantities.
plantheissubjected
rather difficult
to prter
I'hc fu,1'"*
or 'Vc 8crato
from"the
it might The
perhaps
to the same
culture as tne .
B; **;
Ifcijorus,
the Nepalwas
raspberry,
very agreeable.
, . ftlic
the"
neiei
,1>cl,ls Dallb.nl
Frenchis botanist,
who published. In 1749, a catalogue
or tue plan"
f "
urnoou of Paris. Small plants, resembling thc Uttle species of Hubus.
0DE lit
.l|U
Is kiH
i:
:
SM St'
Dil bu'
Elf bu
Ii S'
ILIII**
i
P"*' .
-I J:1Ii *i>'
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYIA.
#* Herbaceous.
7
Leave* lem.
tem. naked,
naked, Loali
Runner*rhomboid
creepingacute
herbaceous.
Panic,
73H) Stem
Leave*
cut irrate
:ferrate.
thefew-flowered
oddPet
oneobi.
stalked,
7561
unarmed
1-flowcred,
Leave*
term,
emoolh
finely
entire,flower*
Style* aimut
approximating
75ft
Leaves
tmate.
Stem
unarmed
1-flowercd
7563Leave* imple lobed, Stem unarmed 1-flowered
756* Leaves limpie cordate crcnate, Peduncle* 1-flowercd
7565 Learn tmate, Leafl. cunate ecrrate-cut, Tube of caL obconicai
7566
CaL
of fruit rcflexed, Pubescence of petiole* epreading, of the peduncle*
77 CaL
Leave*limpie
.
, on each...
75t
ofof fruit
erect,
Pubescence
ofpedunc
erect,andofpetiole*
much spreading
spreading, LmVM
downy
side
7569CaL
fruit
renexed.
Pubescence
of
pedunc.
petiole*
much
7570
Large,
Leave*
broad
oval,
Pedic
long
recurved
pendulou*.
Kccept
much
excavated
globose
villous
7511 CaL
of fruit erect.
spreading,
Pube*cence
ot petiole*anderect,
of peduncle*
1.eaves imoothish above
757
Pubescence
of peduncle*
petiole*
erect, si-reading,
I.vs,apprewed,
emoothish
7573
CaL ofoffruit
fruit erect.
and petioles
much
Lv*. above
villou* on each aide
757*Outer
sepals
larger Pubescence
than the restofpeduncle*
obovate 3-toothed,
7575 Leaves
Petal* larger
imallerthan
thancalyx
calyx
7576
Leaves pinn.
tern. Petals
vespinnate,
Leafl. lin.
Un. obi. revolute
flat. Petiole*
long. Branches
1-2-fl.
/578
Leal
at edge,
'(9 Lhp*j
leaves pinnate,
mtL'rraptedly
pinnateobi.iilky,
Leaflets
finelyPetioles
errate.ahort,
Stein Corymb*
creeping,terminal
Pedunc. 1-fL
S
!*iVH
tena,e
silked,
Leafl.
obovate
cut
serrate
white
with
down
beneath,
Sepals
*J
1*4
Ivs,
qunatecaulinc
tem.
Leafl.
cunate
obL
irrate.
Stipule*
large
adnate
entireelhpt Pet obcordate
7 Leaves pinnate white with down beneath, l>afl. serrate, Stem shrubby
75& LvsAll over
silky, I.vs.pinn.
interruptedly
pinn. Fl. Leafl.
dichoto, corymb.
Sepal* Stiu.
v. acute.
Stemobcord.
erect larger
nearly than
impleraL
i~!
inttrruptedlv
cut toothed,
cut, Pet.
1"
l.vs bipmnatifid
bipinii.ituiil
with
pafaaspread,
downyhair*,
on each sidelane
: segments
parallel approximating.
Stein decumbent
H
inm four
uai
m
m is; s. ^.aS sa
!** Eu,<Si '"^''-v tootlwl, stem erect pubescent
hotiuimus, Pedun. axill. solitary
CTCCt
irly
erect
much
branche]
ilh adpreed hairs . of tfe brjjitl tomate, UmH. obi .miente deeply toothed. Stem
i9
if
^ 7587
?">" ofm,, Si''! '<e.i out doo7l , "',-'"'. of groat excellence. W strawberry I. not
m the
41,year,
though
.t during
unie siDtsns
i cnoosing
a suc.
BMC.
the three
winterngmonth*
"
IhoirUrge
miff5
Uuation
and
rich
loamy soil, rather strong, i* required for most
ftuit
row cultured
of.
roh!4"
an,[flo-or.,
' rao,t convenient, and Ire.
^SSg'ggjSa^ ' Arbutu. The Comarum or the dor. prtxh.c
,u">"'it,,Uppose(ipo,(|lvirtuei.nii ..
Theie, however, appear to conGg 3
ClJss XII.
1COSANDRIA POLYGYRIA
4.4
S.
Europe
1725
D
hairy
7598
W. W.
Siberia
1797.
Btipular
7599 Mita
stipulrU
icbotLtffl
S.Britain
Europehghl.p.
1680. DDD Jac.
email-rough
7600 opaca W.
Eng.
S7
Eng. icl.tM
bot. jfil
7601
vma
W.
Scotland
scalp.
D
golden
Jac
7602
airea
W.
Siberia
17W.
D
Astracn
7603
astracnica
Eng. aiK.itfiO
bot
Wild
w.1759.
alp. I)I> Jac
7604
W. W.W. white
Austria
Alpine
7605 lba
caulecene
Bot
mag
Austria
1806.
D
Clusius's
7606
Cluaifina
Bot
cab. 6
Al.
ofEur.1739.
D Jac aib5.tap.25
close-flowered
7607
lupinoides
W.
Austria
1798.
D
shining
7608
ntida W.W.
Britain
pa. D Eng. bot BS
common
7609
N. Amer.me.1804.
7610 rptans
earmentsa W. en. sarmentoso
1817. DD M.h.i.2.t20t!
various-leaved
7611
diffusa
W.en.
France
168ft
Montpelier
7612
monspclinsis
cab. m
Siberia
1816. DDD Bot
7613
W. W. W. snowy
FLdaa
N. Europe1764.
Norwegian
7614 nivea
norvgica
Eng.
bot17189
Scotland
sc
alp.
S
trifid-leaved
7615
tridcntta
W.
Bot
mag.
75
Siberia 1640. D
7616 grandifl6ra W. great-flowered
1154.
L.
, -* w
7617 TORMENTII/LA.
rptans W.
large-flowered
7618 erecta W.
common
w 1 my.o Y Britain bar.pa. D bot
F.. .
pt 1020.
Rosacetz.
1155.
GEUM. PA.
*.
AVE.VS.
1778. D p.1 Jac. ic L 1 93
Amer.
inv.jn StW , N.
7619
N.
Amer.
7620 strtctum
agrimonoldea PA. upright
Agrimony-lvd. oror 11J1 jnjl
N.
Amer.
W
7621 lbum Ph.
white-flowered I oror li jl.au
Amer. ... D p.1
jl.au YW N.Kamtscb
7622 virgininun. Ph.W. fMarge-leavcd
email white-fl. or 2 Jnjl
7623macrophJllum
Dp. ft"*
Britain wood*
Y
oror Ii"1} rny.au
7624
urbnura
W.
common
my.au YRBr Britain . 179. D pi W. habite
7625
intermdium
I1 jnjl
or
7626rivle
W. W. en wood
water
...
D pi Jac Ît*
jnjl RBr Europe
7627
oror 4 jnjl Y Pyrenees 180. D p.1 L- "tw
7628 hfbridum
pyrenicum./(ir.W. hybrid
Pyrenean
Rosacea. Sp , 1.
11156.
KER'RIA.Dec.Dee. Japan.
3 ja.d Y Japan 1804. Bot mag. 12
7629 japnica
Crchorut japonictu L.
Sp. 35. 1726. Lip Bot
1157.
CALYCANTHUS.
L. ALL9MCB.S ft 6 Caycanthe.
my.au Br Carolina
wot. mag.
m 503
my.
7630
nriclu.
W.
Carolina
my.au Br
Canfina
~"
L Lp
Bot
JJJ
7631
fertilie
W.
glaucous-lTd.
a
ft
3
my.jl
Br
N.
Amer.
1806.
Lp
Bot
reg. Jg
m
7632 uevigatua W. en. emooth-leaved ft
1158, CH1MONANTHUS. Lindl Cuimonnthus. Calycanthea. Japan'
Sp. L 1766. L Lp Bot MS
7633 frgrans Lindl. Japan
ft Cd Y.
Calycnthns vrcox
W.
grandifloras
lindl large-flowercd
ft 8 f.d Y.R China ... _ _ *- rct* 431
DUYA4. cu 5Rosacea.
13. aL roc. D_ M> Eng. bot
1159.
DRY'AS.
W.
jn.au W Sp. Britain
Wtw451
7634 octopetala W.
mountain
7599
7601
7
7594
H*
beyond a dUl.hltene.
,,, / 7a!,~
Vtt. ,
country
people
*"d oribunda
.hrub..
. an^rin.
"S4.
rcmarkab
SSJ^^lftKa-iS
e for ,m,,',vcr)'
th .-i * ulncrary
,he
qualitv mT
^'^
0* are .hewv
">c oota
were once
by the
fS1
w1.1,
onceofsStinS
a Dlni "?
'"""<,
the dycnter
S?' dra,:n"nwa.cultivation.
ter,,
"4rtance
inomJ^"ptaM
formerk
employed
for
curing.
,
?re inhahiS
"" boiledu, h"""Tind ,nand,h<!theOrkney,
.*,nd,m''jlne
The""
root, are'"l**or
.till ud
oftheT.
S2'hl
leather"
th h.7^
S11"1 fr
"bich
eveninofTrey
tomost
oak-bark
re,
lh"mai
ide"rovi
ch
nu!d
he
001,1
".
In
the
Ulano,
."d
rTh*1,"
t "h.iS
ofTred '
coL ^".'iT1
UD' ,natinform,
4 have
beenmany
prohibited
1
.natnd
M,ter,amMed"'.^m!lforfd/in
"lame*
And Mr- Young
ua, that
..inc the
ar.
I^S^^.'u^^^^ tJSrS* nd Wfc-ta, i" '" torn U
S^ribr'toS
"n
Plant h'6'
u""u
" mildlyfhey
.tringent aromatic
MM,
* * give i, '.^"y
niolth.place,"hey
"Caryophyllata.
, toMnt vor.
and prvnth,v
,nC
Vl"ucGathered
in th .hould
Dring, beandgathered
put freh
^"'ur.
Infuacdinwln,itiicitecmedago<l
- Ounlll.
455
7598
Leafl.
5-7
cuneiform
cut
pilose.
Stematiple
erect hairy
7399Leai.
7sessile
seated
upon atoothed,
dilated
*>
7601
7600
Rad
Ivs.
5-7
lin.
cuneiform
Petals
rctuie
the
length
ofcalyx,
Stems
filiform
decumbent
hairy
Leave* 5-natc obovate
pubescent,
Pet obcord CauL
larger than calyx,
Sterna
declnatelarger than calyx
a kiS
If-' Tfi
Leafl. toothed
cuneif.
subsess.Stem
Petascending
obcord
7 RadIn,
Rad 1 S-nate,
5-natc oblong
toothedeilinte
: upper5-toothed
3-parted,at end,
Cor. larger '-nate
than calyx,
fil*'
Leaves 5-nate
with connivent
connivent scrraturcs
terrtures atat end,
Stems many-fl.
filiform procumbent,
Hecept hairy,
hairy Pet. obovate
a;
7805
LcavM
with
end, Stems
Stems
decumbent, HecepL
KecepL
7605 Leavesijiatesllkyon
Leaves 5-nate
".into with
conniventserrature*
at end,
many-fl.
decumbent,
hairy,
Pet. roundish
ik"
k
767
each
side,
Ixafl.
obovate
bluntly
tootned
at
end,
Petlength
of
caL Itecqrt.
woolly
a*3
7908
Leaves
subtem.
downy
with
3
connivent
teeth,
Stems
1-d
Kecept.
woolly
*1 7609 Leave*5-natc, Stem creeping, Pedunc 1-flowered
7610 Rad.
Learn1rs.5-nate
obovate: cauline
coarselyternate,
eerr. Stip.Leafl.
cutlane,
bifid,unequally
Pedunc. and
1-. coarsely
axill. Stem
producing
runners hairs on
7611
subpinnate
serrated
withspreading
branched
erect.StemPeduncles
[each side
if-11 - 761!
7SI3 Leave* temate.
temate cutStemdowny
beneath,
ascendingwith a knee at base
7615
7611Leaves
ternute.cuneiform
Stem dichotoinous,
Pedunc axillary
i
Leaves
ternate
-d
at
end
ha 7616 Leaves ternate toothed hairy on both sides, Stem decumbent longer than leave*
Ei' 7617 Stem creeping. Leaves stalked
B"*' 7618Stem nearly erect, Leaves sessile
it
7G1S Fl erect, Awnshooked naked, Caul. lve. pinn. Leafl. and stipules split, Petals longer than calyx
ifi
P'nnLeafl.: cauline
nearly equal
irregularlycut
toothed,
Stip.cut,ovate
Petoval length
gg m.Fl erfct?
erect, ''V1
Rad
Ivs.hooked
pinn.
tem.Ivs.
uppersimple,
Lower
stip.
Petnearlyentire,
length
of calyx
[calyxof
erect.
Awns
naked,
CauL
tern.
:
upper
lane.
Petals
shorter
than
calyx
7623 Fl mct'
erect, Awm
Awns hooked
hooked naked,
naked hairy
atIva.end,tem.Rad
Ivs. lyrate
pinnate : terminal pinnate cordate
fSS
S*
: radical
FL nodi Pet
length ofcaL
AwnsCauLhooked
naked,
Grainslyrate
hairy,pinnate
Had lve. lyrate pinn. : cauline ternate
' ZSn
1>odi
Pct
len*1h
of
CiL
Awns
feathery
twisted
in
the
middle
6 FLFl nodd
oodd. Pet
CaL leafy
thanAwns
the polypetalous
I** I 78
longerlonger
than caL
hairy twistedcorolla
at base, Rad lve. lyrate pinnate : cauline simple trifld
Us 7ffiS The only ipeciet
I
*"
01)10118 downT
beneath aide glaucous beneath
H -^slanceolate
smooth
sepals lane. Lvs. obL
acuteonbyeach
degrees somewhat rugose smooth and green on each side, Branches very
76S3 The only species. FL small very fragrant pale yellow appearing in the winter
[straight and erect
7634 Leaves ti
but i Wat H
af ^7618
Particular,.
s^Sî
^rSUrCl141
** -ben breath.
given in malignant
*hncehc
"Wilma.
Mr. \v||,,,iii
Kir S
i hi, ; 10"*S?"
1 "I m afterHanta
The pbn
i1'
" year, rince lo Chi,,,,
... .
p "M alUr ''"= ,e common Corchorui japnica of th
; C^^^nLjT.'hS
* ""4 .* Petals, hl.
11
Bi? ,,Wc*n4iki-th.
and
teJ,^"
w"" called
*collc.ciilnrm
J
,rr,'.intor"a,r,i
'l'.3.'"1'r ""T',
"Pico,
Carolina,
S^mimSSL
radured.from. W.
>>, "O
i.osoicalled
al],,,,Inm Carolina.
,,. ,.,r,, r

n^^-.I*''. < '"frcimblancc of i leave, lo h, of Ihc

foot In tuft,, b""d" ' "ody and perennial,' lying
Upon the
- inSat
and (frown better in a shaded bed ofpeal than
pota.-|.
Gg 4
456
1160. COLU/RIA. R. Br.

Columia.
7635 potentilloides R. Br. Siberian
1161. S1EVER'SIA. Willd. Sieversia.
7636 montna R.Br.
mountain
7637 rptans R. Br.
creeping
CLAss XII.
Rosaceae. Sp. 1-3.

SY A pri jn
O
Siberia
1780. D p.1 Jac. vin. 3. t. 68
Rosaceae. Sp. 2-4.
Sy A pr. ; my.s Y
Austria 1597. D co Jac. aus. 4. t. 373
Sy Apr
jn.au Y
Switzerl. 1775. D. p.l Jac.au.5.t.ap.2
* .
$:
1160. Colurua. From x2xveer, deprived of the tail; or, as we usually say in English, bob-tailed. Distin
guished by Mr. Brown from Geum, principally on account of the deciduous nature of the style or tail of the
grains.
Class XIII. - POLY ANDRIA.
STAMENs many, hypogynous, or inserted under the

Ovary.
This class agrees with the last in having hermaphrodite flowers, with an indefinite number of stamens,
which neither cohere in any
of their length, nor are distributed in distinct parcels; but it is distinguished
by the stamens being inserted distinctly from the floral envelopes, immediately under the ovary, into what has
been called the receptacle by Linnaeus and his followers; torus, by Mr. Salisbury; and thalamus, by some other
botanists. The class consists of the greater part of several extensive natural orders, such as Ranunculaceae,
Magnoliaceae, Cistineae, &c.; and, like the last, is replete with subjects of interest to gardeners and florists.
The various kinds of Clematis form the most valuable portion of the hardy climbing plants of the verandah.
The brilliant varieties of the ranunculus and anemone constitute the most attractive part of the flower garden.
Paeonia, well known for the richness of its coloring, and the robustness of its constitution, is the ornament of
every cottage; and the noble varieties of Magnolia, the pride of the North American forest, are the finest
exotics of the shrubbery. , Nymphaea and Nelumbium are beautiful genera of aquatic plants. Annona, or the
custard apple, is one of the most important of the fruit trees of tropical countries, and the celebrate water
vine of Sierra Leone is a species of Tetracera. Nor must Sarracenia, with its curious pitcher-like leaves;
Papaver, from which opium is extracted; Cimicifuga, whence is obtained the antidote to the dangerous bite of
the rattle-snake; Bixa, or the arnotta tree, from the fruit of which the coloring matter for the red cheese of
England is procured; nor Hepatica, with its modest beauties, be omitted.
The commencement of M. Decandolle's laborious Systema Vegetabilium has included nearly everything
in the class, and is followed in the discrimination of the species, as being the best authority which
can be taken.
Order 1.
Stamens many, hypogynous. Style 1.
MONOGYNIA.
1162. Capparis. Cal 4-leaved, coriaceous, deciduous. Petals 4. Stamens long. Stigma capitate. Berry
with a rind, 1-celled, stalked, subglobose, or like a pod.
1163. Marcgraavia. Cal. 6-leaved, imbricated. Corolla monopetalous, calyptriformis. Berry many-celled,
many-seeded. Style O.
1164. Actaea. Cal. 4-leaved, deciduous. Petals 4. Berry 1-celled. Seeds half orbicular.
1165, Sanguinaria. Cal. 2-leaved. Petals 8. Pod ovate, 1-celled.
-
1166. Podophyllum. Cal 3-leaved. Petals 9. Berry 1-celled, crowned with the stigma.
1167. Chelidonium. Cal.2-leaved. Petals 4. Pod 1-celled, incar. Dissepiment O. Sceds several, crested.
1168. Romeria. Petals 4. Caps. long, 2-3-4-valved; the valves opening from the vertex to the base. Seeds
li. Gia'i'." Cal 3 leaved." Petals 4 Pod 2-celled, linear, 2-3-valved. Seeds several, dotted. ..
1170. Papaver. Cal 2-leaved. Petals 4. Capsule 1-celled, opening by pores under the persistent stigma.
reniform, scurfy, without a glandular crest.
*: 17: Mcconopsis.
Valves.
Petals 4. Style short. Stigmas 4-6, radiating, convex, distinct. Capsule opening with
-
1172. Argemone. Cal. S-leaved.
Petals 6.
Capsule half valved.
1173. Sarracenia. Cal. double, 3-5-leaved. Petals 5. Caps. 5-celled. Style with a clypeate stigma.
.1174. Nymphaea. Sepals at the base of the discus. Petals and stamens connected with the whole of the
discus, which covers the carpella.
1175. Limnocharis. Sepals 3. Petals 3, very delicate, withering.
Plant monocotyledonous.
ORDER III.
457
7635 Stem about 2-flowered, Awns straight naked, Cal of fruit erect, Lvs. pinnate toothed
766 Leaves pinnate: the outer leaflet very large round, lower smaller by degrees
7637 Leaves pinnate cut. Runners creeping
1161. Sieversia. Named by Willdenow, after M. Sievers, a well known Russian botanical collector.
resembling Geum in habit.
1176. Nuphar.
Plants
Sepals, petals, and stamens inserted at the base of the discus.
1177. Euryale. Sepals, petals, and stamens united with the discus, which covers the carpella.
1178 Bird. Cal 5:toothed, "Petals Io, Capsule hispid, 2-valved.

1179. Prockia. Cal 3-leaved, besides two extra leaves at base. Cor. O. Berry 5-angled, many-seeded.
1180. Sloanea. Cal. 1-leaved, 5-9-fid. Cor. O. Anthers united to filaments beneath the end. Caps echinate,
3-6-celled, 3-6-valved. Seeds 2, with a berried arillus.
1181. Apria. Cal 5 leaved. Petal. 5:"Cap" echinate, many-celled.

1182. Sparmannia. Cal 4-leaved.
5-angled. 5-celled. Cells 2-seeded.
Petals 4.
Filaments cohering at base, torulose.
Capsule echinate,
1183. Entelea. Sepals 4-5. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite, uniform. Anthers roundish, incumbent.
Stigma denticulate. Caps, roundish, echinate, 6-celled, half 6-valved, many-seeded.
1184. Muntingia. Cal 5-parted. Petals 5. Berry 5-celled, 1-5-many-seeded.
1185. Grewia. Cal. 5-leaved, coriaceous, colored inside. Petals 5. Scales 5. Ovary usually stalked.
Drupe 4-lobed, 4-celled. Nut 1-2-seeded.
11
Cal 5-parted. Petals 5. Capsule coriaceous, globose, 5-celled, 4-valved, opening at base,
:*
1187. Corcherus. Cal 5-leaved, deciduous. Petals 5. Style scarcely any. Stigma 1-3. Capsule pod-shaped,
2-celled, 2-5-valved, many-seeded.
1188. Grias. Cal 4-cleft. Petals 4. Stigma sessile, cruciate. Drupe with an 8-furrowed nut.
1189. Calophyllum. Cal 4-leaved, colored. Petals 4. Drupe globose.
1190. Mammea. Cal 2-leaved. Petals 4.
large, 4-seeded.
1191. Ochna. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5. Berries 1ed, with a la
roundish receptacle.
1192. Elaeocarpus. Cal 5-leaved. Petals 5, torn. Anthers 2-valved at end. Drupe with a curly nut.
1193. Alangium. Cal. 6-10-toothed, superior. Petals 6-10, linear. , Berry coated, 1-3-seeded.
1194. Mentzelia. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5. Capsule inferior, cylindrical, many-seeded.
1195.
erstromia. Cal. 6-cleft, campanulate. Petals 6. Stamens many, of which the six outer are
thickest.
ps. 4-6-celled, many-seeded.
1196.
le. Cal. 1-leaved, Petals 5, spreading. Style short, thick. Berry coated, turbinatc, glo
bose, finally woody, with 12-i6 cells.

1197. Cistus. Cal. 5-leaved, with two small leaflets. Petals 5. Caps. 5-celled; the valves bearing the dis
sepiments in the middle.
1198. Helianthemum. Divisions of the calyx often unequal: the two outer the smallest. Caps. 1-celled,
3-valved, with the dissepiment in the middle of the valves.

Order 2.
Di-TRiGYNIA.
;:#
Stamens many, hypogynous. Styles 2-3.
1199. Bauera. Cal 7-9-leaved, persistent. Petals 7-9, deciduous. Caps inflated, 2-celled, many-seeded.
1200. Fothergilla. Cal. truncate, entire. Cor. O. Filaments very long, clavate. Ovary bifid. Caps. 2-celled,
2-horned. Seeds solitary, bony.

1201. Curatella. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 4. Styles 2. Caps. 2-parted. Cells 2-seeded.
1202. Paeonia. Cal 5-leaved. Petals 5. Style O. Caps many-seeded, like a pod.
1203. Hibbertia. Stamens distinct, filiform, equal. Anthers oval, oblong. Ovaries 1-15.
Styles filiform,
inflexed. Carpella membranous, generally 1-2-seeded.

1204. Delphinium. Cal. O. Petals 5. Nectary bifid, cornute behind. Siliques 3-1.
li 1205. Aconitum.
ques 3-5.
Cal. O.
Petals 5; the upper vaulted.
Nectaries 2, hooded, stalked, recurved.
1906. Trachytella. Carpella 1-2, berried, many-seeded; otherwise Tetracera.

Orders.
PENTAGYNIA.
$#
Stamens many, hypogynous. Styles 5.
1207. Cimicifuga. Cal. 4-leaved. Cor. with four urceolate nectaries. Caps. 4. Seeds scaly.
1208. Aquilegia, Cal. O. Petals 5. Nectaries 5, horned between the petals. Caps. 5, distinct,
Si
Cuss XIH.
POLVANDRIA.
4.58
1209. Reaumuria.
A%rfto. Cal. . Petals 5. Petals
NecUnci 5, tnOd5. ^wcCTi
the corolla.
Mm*
210.
Cat* 5^11,
JM> "
lSIL CotberUa. TenCaL5Jcavcd.
stamen, much longerreflexed,
than the others.
Carpella5-vakrf
5, united?manj-i^
igras capitate.
several
in
each
cell,
reniform,
inclosed
in
a
pellucid
pulp.
.rroiinded
bv
1212. TVfracn-o. Flowers often dioecious or polygamous. Carpella 3-5, capsular, surrounded by the imbii"
cated sepals. Seeds 1-2, shining, ovate, with an ariUus.
Styles many. Stamens many, hypogynM".
Order, POLYGYNIA. "J
._
Cl
4-5-Ieaved.
Petals
many.
Fruit
turbinate, in a truncate discus, irnb send
1213
Nuts5-lcaved.
ovate, crowned
the persistent
style. connate, repletewithpul^
...
121*. DUIenia. Cal.
Petalswith
5. Capsules
many-seeded,
1215.
Cal. 6-leavcd.
PetalsPetals
27. Caps,
many, imbricated
placed in a incircle,
1216. miemm.
Liriodendron.
CaL3.le.ved.
0. Samane
a cone.MW
Caps. '."STeeded
l.ieeaea,uot menint,
"'^. Cal.5-le.ved. Petal. 6.9. Cap. 2-valved, loccded, imbricated in a cone. Seed, ys- '~a
dulous.
.
1218.
Mickelia.
Cal3-leavcd.
3-leaved. Petals
Petals6. 15.Berrie.
Berriesnumerous,
many, speeded.
1219.
Vuaria. CaL
pendmous,teeMM
1220
.
Sepals
Serais
3,
3.
united
at
base,
concave,
cordate,
acute. manyêlled
Petals 6,b, ,
true.
, u"
us - iHtbjcte0I
1220.
,bseile,
with a dilated
angular
end. Berry
pulpy,
toward.
lone.
CaL
3-parted.
Petals
6.
Stamens
bypogynous.
Ovaries
distinct,
-seeocu.
1221. Seeds collateral erect, without arillu.
2-Meded.
iw-u
ovate
or
obovatc.
1222. GtmtUria. Sepals 3, united at base, ovate, subcordatc, acute. Petals
ouu Berne*
drv,1223.coriaceous,
ovate
or
subglobose,
stalked,
Anthers
sutoe*; the i
CaL 3-parted.
Petals t, spreading,
Berries Aiimina.
usually 3, sessile.
Seeds several.
M0N0GYNIA.
Caper-Tree.
Capparidex.
.3 spinsa
CAPTARIS.
W.
s 1 cul
W. W. common
Jamaica
or 34 my.au
... W
W
90 jamaicnsis
large-leaved
s
or
7
... GW
frondosa
W.
acute-leaved -ai =J or 3 my.au
1 ovta
W.
;
W
salig'na W.
P. S.
Willow-leaved or
W
3\ linearis
linear-leaved
ILDI oror 1511
w
Brynia W.
Oleaster-leav'd
G.vf
5S cynophallphora
W.
Bay-leaved
*
CD
or
8
odoratissima W, sweet-scented or 6, ...... W
w
7 femiglnea W. ferrugineous SI or 4
Ca}tparidete.
W. MaRCURAAVls.
MARCGRAA'VIA.
umbellta IV.
umbelled
eu
7034
Sp.Europe
10116.1596.
S.Jamaica
1793.
Carthag.
S.SantCrul
Europe 1800.
1807.
W.
Indies
1793.
W.
Indies
1752.
W.
Indies
1752.
Caraccas
Jamaica 1814.
^/nufesnos.
s.lr.m Bot
ms Mt
jK.uac.p
.1s.1 JS*i.u
Boc.BC.t
r.m
, ,p
r, r.m
Lp JStS
Jac.amsr. tJ
r.m
.1 J*"fh.;n
Brarsm-t.31'''
..l.pJac.xner.t-*
Use, Propagation,
Culture,
avruj,
From
its
ArabicGer.History,
nameThisisliaoar,
Kabar,
from
the
Greeks made
*^*SKt
berries
"'\
lappat,3.
rivai
irom ofwhich
i u'v""
~'V_"i,;h
rduce th0
sw^j
, ItaL .ris.
andpinosa
Kapernstrauch,
is a genus
of rrtenpr
''
art!
Capriolo,
:hcrspods.
has the habit
of the common
bramblelow itshrubs,
grows some
'"Similar
situai. g ^
[h(,^,
pui i
others
pod
burope,
especially
on rocks ofandToulon
ruins. in The
chief insupply
caper buds
is from
cultivatedandIn the
neighbourhood
orchards,
the ofintervals
between
(ig "'Ii
ana trK5, andm
the neighbourhood of Paris, where it is trained on low walls, and the shoots during - M plunl ,
ih?h*Ml
,0
protect
them
from
the
frost.
In
this
country
it
is
8"11',,"'^
" !?.5.,tn stood the winter in the open air in some situations, and by raising from toe seednet*Sfj
prden
KSS^
irtijhtKcl,,inPon
probably ;beu naturalized.
A 'flowers
plant stood
kdw'to
hST'
produced
many
annually,
l..
Asa^"
ni-M "" durin1*
winterf ,ne "P" "re in
r toItaly,Se th"..
un"^
fruit
o*" '.h,?,UBh0V; ^
begin to '' and near Toulon, the liower buds of the caper aro gathered J
nf ,
As the budTare'S'n'
occupation
duringamong
si< months,
P1^"/
arc gathered the,arcd"?thrown
mto a cask
as muchwhen
salt andthevinegar
as isSufficient
sm to cov

XIIL
POLYANDHIA.
459
1331
Xglopta.
Cal.
S-5-lobed.
Petals
6
;
the
exterior
largest.
Stamens
usually
inserted
in
a
globose
recp
tete.I-.'-> Berries
2-15, InvoL
on short3-leaved,
stalks, compressed,
frequently adrycalyx,
and entire.
opening. Sepals
Seedspetaloid,
shining. 6-9, arranged in 2
1-flowered,
resembling
or16.
S raws.Heptico.
Ovaries
many.
Grains
without
an
awn.
InroL 0,3-leaved,
distant
the flower,
Sepals4-8,5.15,
petaloid.PetalsPetals
1.wpsU,.
*
or like
calyxfrom
under
flower.cutSepals
colored.
O, orO.shorter than
tbt1S&
Grains Invol.
terminating
inlonger
aafeathery
aw n. theGrains
Karopriio,
Petals
6-12,
than
calyx.
seated
on
a
thick
hollow
stalk.
1.-. ! Tkatktrem.
0. Petals O. Grains dry, not awned, sometimes stalked, sometimes with a
longitudinal
turrow.SepalsInvoL
11.
Aiontt.
5,
appreased.
Petals 5.15, with a naked claw. Grains many, 1-seedcri, spiked, ovate,
pointed
the persirtent
hardened
style.
13SL with
.
Sepals
5. Petals
5.15, with a naked claw. Ovaries upon a globose receptacle. Grains
Landed,
berried,
with
a
deciduous
style.
12,
.
Sepals
3,
deciduous.
Petals 9, with
obtuse. at base. Grains
I3S1 . Sepals 5, not deciduous.
Petalsa honey-pore
5, rarely at10,base.
with Grains
honey-scale
pointed.
12
Sepals
colored,
5-10-15, deciduous,
petaloid.tubular,
Capsules
many, subcylindrical,
U'.: .
Itopyrmm.
Sepals
5, deciduous.
Petals
5, dotted.
equal,
2-lipped.
Ovaries 2-20. many-seeded.
Capsules coraprcsed,
membranous,
manr-seeded.
Seeds
minute,
12&
EraaiWi.
Involucre
under
the
flower,
cut
into
many
divisions.
Sepals
5-8,
colored, oblong, deciduous.
, tubular. Capsules stalked. Seeds globose.
1237. Hriltionu.
Sepals 5,Capsules
persistent,coriaceous.
roundish, obtuse, large, usually green. Petals 8-10, tubular, nectariftrous.
Sligmas
orbicular.
18.
.membranous,
Sepals 5.6, colored,
petaloid, deciduous. Petals small, cucullate. Stamens 20-25. Caps. 6-10,
gl
4-6-seeded.
. Sepals 5, colored, round. Petals O. Stamens many. Capsule spreading, I-celled, many.
JbinpHtit, Sepsis
Sepals3, S-i.
6-18. berried,
Seeds inmany
a pendulous
globose capsule.
. tai Hfdntu.
ovate.PeUls
Petals3-4.O. Ovaries
Cariopsides
in a head,ovate
terminaler!
by the style,
MONOGTNTJ.
3 ' 1*'L
*0l!tV'
^'P"1"
*PinTeraarginate
Leaves roundish
obtuse smooth, Caps, oval
"-.
Leaves
obi.
obt
jg EgPg- , Leaves clustered in parceladowny beneath, Cor. campanulate
WeEmfi*?llUrTf
Stipules
spiny,
Leaves
roundish
ovate
acutesmooth,
smooth.Fruit
Capsules
S
fSz rtCtmo*e>
r la,lce<,lale
dilated
downwards obtuse at each end
roundoval
torulose
Rt
L
""car
Nit pS rat*raoic> Leaves perennial oblong. Cal. and pedunc. downy, Fl octandrous
M
Ppûn
iennmal,
Leaves
elliptical
blunt
smooth,
Glands
axillary,
Fruit
cylindrical
Ped^n
lanceolatelanceolate
acute dotted
scales Flowers
beneath octandrous
uac. umoelled,Leaves
LeavesobLpersistent
downywith
beneath,
****** "te.oUoog acuminate veiny

m!LS <ef**d.
MdVj J??6
^'WtMaed
moreto vinegar
added.=olor.When
thccanerw?J
closes,
the
JL^tsssTsSl
"^mail,orte<1
ocoi
iW
anjIsartln,<!!L,?,rt0dLaccordit,8
theirfnr is
<'
the
and
tne smallest
smaum
grrein-
-
" being
'JtuefMfi;r.^pullnto
casks
offr
fresh vineirar
Thw
will
thii
'fi*eandr oive the ih, TP***
vinegar
for
commerce.
stfirst
They
will inininanu
this
state
keep
litto
to be a common practice to put filings ofcopper

fi pickle
the
*of i ' eaî *%r fet "1"' jrhe Dert caPe are ulled nonnareillea, and the
list/e? ,hewv.*hcn in flower: C. cynophallophora has "
ffjfr^* ln memory
m CUr^nfte
grow readil? In sand.
74arsltW^
.of*11
, the *Peeies
* r\j-._.i.
Cuse .
rOLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
4G0
Ranuncutacca.
Sp. 2. i. wo. R e.1 Eng. bot918
1.
ACTiE'A.. eil.
Pk. Bane-berry
.
W
Britain
?i*J*picU
i oror 3a ap.jn
ul Corn.cana(Lt
xpjti
W
N.
7ti50
americiut
/*.
American
VV N. Amer.
Amer. ...... i>.l
lba
white-herried * or 33 ap.jn
,3 rbra
red-hcrned 5 or apjn R N. Amer. ... U
1. 0. R & Bot mag. IS V.j
1165.
W. . .*. pr I Papaveracfte.
rnr.ap W N.SpAiner.
7651 SANGUINA'RIA.
canadnait W. Bloodwort
PodopkyUaee. Sp. 12U166.
PODOPHYLLUM.
W. DicK's-FoOT.
7652peltitum
W.
May-Apple
I my W N. Ainer. 16j*. D - Bot mag. 1
Sp- 251167. CHELIDO'NIUM. IK Chwndim. w 2 Papaveraceee.
Eng.bot 15S1
ap.V YY Britain
7653
W. ir.cn. jagged
common
& Europesha.ba,
... D1> MilLicLlA
: or 2 ap.o racen:.
7654 mjiu
laciniatum
Sp.
13.
1168.
RME'RIA.
Med. hybrid
Romkbia
or 2 myjn Pu Britain hed. S Eng.bot t.201
7655 hybrid*
Dec. hybridum
Chelidonium
L.
Sp. 35.san.eh. N Eng. bots
1169. GLAU'CIUM. J. yellow
Ho*.4-Poppy. 2 Papaveracea.
Y S.BriUin
7656
lteum
H.H. K.K.
2 inau.eo
Europe WW. S SweetHgi^
orange
Q)
or
7657
fulvum
2
jn.Jl
R
England
an. Il & Eng. bot HSi
or
7658 phniceuin . K. red
Papavcracae.
Sp.
Il'
2
6. S Eng.it
17a
PAPA'VER.
IF.
Poppt.
S England chal.fi.
mongrel
Iili jnjl
7659 hybridum ff.
tog bot1- LN
in il SY Britain
corn
rough
7660
Argemone
fF.
fjnjl
Austria
1759.h. RS Jacaus.
Alpine
3l or il S Vu Or Siberia \
Botniag.2>W
7661
S
J
.
naked-stalked
Q)
or
7662 alpnum
nudicaleW.(
yeow-jiowered Q) or ijjuau Y Siberia 17JU. S e.1 loL mag.
Utimm
7C5G
7658
7655
HMory, L'K,thePropagalw,
Cuinre.
and 0*
the Greek
elder,
thisareplant
'^">blndJVith
1 164. Adaa.
Aanii
gardens.nameTheof berries
of A.which
4>icata
porous,
America by*I*
Weed-like
plants
seidomofseenA.n inraccmoaa
picata
are.I^|71
black
dye.
The
tubers
are
called
snake
root,
and
niuc^
used
n
oiaca
uye. i lie
oi .
re i.nii.t
.bite...,
...snase.
practitioners,
andtuners
as an antidote
against poison
and the
of *hc rattle
. aHlcharge a blooa1165. San*m,rie.
From
,ai,,
blood.
All partslooking
of theplant
plant Iton has
hemga ,'u^rTc
"""E
f
colored
Huid
'1-his
is
a
smgula?
and
very
delicate
' lauiu.rMtleaf,with'lh*
brea
and
a
reddish
juice
:
from
each
bud
of
the
root
there
springs
only
a
ingle
"
oiie-flowored scape ; the flower has no smell, and is very fugacious. It abounds in saw LgV of Canada, ana
In 1166.
the back settlements,From
where the,*}.
Indians
stainandthemselvesa leaf;
with its red Juice. ,hf !î,dowing,k brand
wtk***
a planta,
foot,
leaves arePoJpphyllmn.
placed. Low neat herbaceous
with white liowerain hidden by the
over."
nmvjl ot1'<J
tnas
1167.andChclHmium.
From its.,
the swallow,
because
was celandine
thought ^""l
lird,
toJS
periah *b"U
with
departure.
The
English Itword
appears ui Itc,, corrupt"
. ana
Sar55S.
utnaumes'
^hlS^^^^îtW.
!
imSE
te<pa.ke 4
It destroy, more
warn,important
mid cure.purU
chelidoniuiuT
Thel*SS
lui"'"'but
r'" modinSe
' ' 7toTonS^^
native,
,"**>
"OTtXt
_
one"he
fl eyes.
converted
HJJ ofTS;)rJhe
^^^^
-*-*-.
d great.,to esteemed
among.be
betweeneS2S5^J^
Che!diti0Vf
iu^^,,0''
""'"he'died
I-nd.hut,
and Papaver
W.IIdenow.
in 18.andA the
genu,collabora:
inlcnnedia.enf
m'eat
^'T
'"w
?umer^
rcd
with
..,
bloom.
H,odmeseaa.t
leave., a.?',^"nce durinK mot part ofthe T" """f1"' ogh of"sl,ort duration, succeed one anotar
oapn, which Signio **, i.
,..is supposed
, .,.,to ,
, the Nepenthes
.., .of.Homer.
,-,
juice
;
it
have
been
popPJ
the species, is from to flow or fall, In allusion to the quicklv perishable nature . u ^tedTheero"1
produces a g-reat quantity of seeds, for which reason Cybele, the mother of the gous,
withiThepoppy.headsaa
. _ They
all ea'J'
apecies of thisa aymbol
genus arcof allfecundity.
shewy, with large, brilliant, but fugacious flowers.
> > areu mc
or tnc
TT"9
ln>n almost
any
soil com
; andononegravelly
apecies
affords
that itssingular
medicine
opiu
' : tcd, milky
vanctie.,
*,'
u,c
ipeciessoils
ahTords
oP'"1"-o. P
derated
varieties.
commonest
weeds
among
butin
double
and
sssnidoubte
>al?(ore^n
?,
0
f
lh,e
hndaomest
of
garden
annuals.
The
capsules,
a.
in
P.
somniferum,
contain
^
^
narS,n'lu"l,>,: "n extract from them has been auccesafully employed a. a idauve, am
to Prefer
extract to opium.
. Europe,
"fTJi
.a in England. !
there ^"<
ia -v'um'"'d
'""Sh
it isthia
found
wild inhave
thebeen
southern
partsto ofthese
early
thinking
that growing
iu seed mu.t
carried
parts from Aal 1 *" J
, u
-m,
Greece,
pernaps
at
first
solely
for
the
sake
of
it.
seed,
which
o.rf the p.u.
eatenaively cultivated in mo of the states of Europe in the present age, not only onwasaccount
I
Outfl
POLIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
79
roundish, Petals
length
ofstamens,
Racemeovate,
I-eaves Leaves
2-3 icrn.itr
Wo Bern
Berries ovatc-oolong,
shorter
than stamens,
Raceme ovate,
bi-tritcrn.-ita
; ,: :, 76>] species
lu ill 762Stem erect Cleaved 1-flowercd, Fruit ovate
7<S>Peduncles
lobedPetals
segmente.
ISA Peduncles umbo!led.
umbclled. Leaves
Leaves pinnated
pinnated with
with roundish
finely cuttoothed
segments,
serratedPetals
or cutelliptical e
76 Pods 34-valvederect with rigid bristles at end
7(36
Cauline
leaves
repand,
waitedPods
roughiah
Stem
Stem smooth,
imooth,Cauline
Caulineleaves
leavespinnatind
roundishPod
sinuated,
rial
Stem
hairy,
cut,
Pod bristly rough. Flowers subsessile
Cipt
toroseStemWfv
hispid, Stem
iH Ceus. subglobose
clvate hispid.
mi.-leafy
many-flowered
L*
i Turk., PJ""' 1 Partieran.
ara "
,, in Mrth,',
''on.idtral.k- degree of thk-kniC
' by wooden
'^rnilSvc
"Y1""1
^."'""'tnUu*
ihkkn. ' ?I ' .1..' ""*OTk"l
"M ith?8ht to ">' count h. 1
country ,d irupuuud, it ha. ail
M ,u' t i. h
the ni , T"1 inch lil"Til r'l,h,,hc ?1"1' f "- poppy in .ucSSr.
"1*"'. I i ? Jultwatcd with 01"1,,1;1 and *33 k-a.e, of
'.",|"1,1
-'-""""glabra, and .t
gtWs9
? 22
Sfffc00',''?
E*?
" IMtowrt by,t narcotic
' :'~."CtSTS
V t, 1 'rbS
take
" ""'!!
' up"atio"
<mviu ".citemcnt
"n, .,
'nuit, f' '"''"-lion ofit u ""PrtnciS th,r, c,ri"laiion, and without inducing any rh ,',,.,!.,..,
Class XIII.
POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
4'J
Armenla com
1815.fi. SS s.p Eng. bot. M
7663
armcnlacum
Armenian
or
Britain
766*
Rhodas W,W. Lam. common-corn
oror 2S1) jnjl
Britain
san.fi.
SS Eng.
botbu
jnjl
76n5dbium
smooth
Caucasus
1813.
Bot. mag.
itajl
7666 caucaslcum M. . Caucasian
or 1 J
Levant
1815.fi. SR Bot
.M
7667 noribndum Delf. many-flowered 3t Q> or l.J jnjl
England
corn
Eng.
bot
7668 somniferum W. garden
m 4 jl.au
levant 17H.
RR CO Lindl
Botnug.coll>7SS
my.jn
7669
orientale
W.
oriental
.
3t
or
3
Siberia
1818.
7670 bractetum Lindl, bractod
5: or 3 myjn R
1171.
MECoxorsra.3t or 1 Papaverceas.
my.au Y 7*1. R s.p Eng. bot 66
7671 MECONOP'SIS.
cmbrica Vig. Vig.Welsh
Papaoeracea;. Mexico 1592. S ip Bot mag 5
tll72.
ARGKMO'NE.
W.
Arc.emoxe.
jl.au Y
7672 mexicna
IV.
Mexican
Sims.
vihite.fiowercd
O ror 22 jLau W Mexico 1821. S s.p Bot mag J!
46.
~
Papaveraceis
1173.
Sii.k-saooi k-Fi ou i. n. Jnjl Y affint.
Amer.Sp1752.
7673 SARRACE
nava If. NIA. W.yellow
.|
1 cu
N.N. Amer.
1803. RR ras
nu Bot
Bot mag.
mag. UM
jn-jl
Y
7674adunca
variolris.Ph.
hook-leaved
cu
bot t.
7675 rubra
W. Ph.
red
1 cu Jnjl Pi N. Amer. 1786. R ms Hook. ex. '
psittacina
7676 purprea W.
purple
* _| cu jnjl Pi N. Amcr.KHO. R Bot mag. '"
Sp. 10-20.
1174.
NYMPH.E'A. W. Watrb-Lily.
Kt/mpfuraeete.. Britain
Eng..bot
riv.,&c RR m.s
7677ll>a
white
* or Jnjl
mag.
true Bot
Amer. 1786.
\v N.
7678odorlaIV. ir.
Jl
sweet-scented
i
A
or
mag 819li*'Bot.
N. Amer.
1812. RR ma
W
minor
small,
svieet-sc.
i
or
S
img.
t;"!'
m-s
Bot
1809.
W Siberia
7679
cup-flowcred or"r jl.au
mag.
I.
RR ras
Bot
China
18115.
7I80 ntida
pygmie'a. M.
II. K. igmy
w
my.s
mag.
79i
m.s
Bot
Egypt
1802.
7681
latus
W.
I'k
Egyptian
Lotus
*
E]
or
jn.s
rep-SPl
m.s
Bot
E. Indios 1803.
7682
W,
my.au Pk
Indian Lotus & [] or jl.au
7683 pubscens
robra
R E Indies 1803. R m.e Bot mag. 13
red-flowcred
rsea . M.M
rose.coloied *A 1 oror jl.au Pk E, Indies 1S03. R DU Bot IS*
Use, the
Propagation,
Cult.... , is scarcely apparent bul t 1
of ardent spirits supon-ene. In very History,
large doses
primary excitement
seems
to
lie
at
once
diminished,
drowsiness
and
stu|4)r
immediately
come on,andanddeath.
arc ,ille "irantc.
and
breathing,
cold sweats,
convulsions,
.'''iûib.
sighing,
liose stertorous
which indicate
the previous
existence
of violent apoplexy,
inflammation
of the stomal"
^cui,ir
diss
iding the symptoms of apoplcxv which an overdose, when it proves fatal, occasions, nu r
but
~ -ntlammatory
state
of the vessels
the brain
are perceived.
^ ftef tthein
and orinfulness
tile teriakiltana,
or ofopium
Constantinople,
The Turks call
opiui ten"nafioni;
day. sbo]s
It isofmixed
with runJthey
sj' > I*,
graduated
from
nspi^ted doses
juiiôf
fruit, tograins
renderto itonemorehundred
palatablegrains
andinlessa Intoxicating
; and The
work of God?
-'^
5*5*."P
""to
small
lozenges
stamped
with
he
words,
Mash
Allah,
Tartar courier., who travel great
errat distances,
rtiii,n~. and
,.i with
-I. astonishing
Lub. rapidity,
rdi take; nothing else .uto jr'"W? ^
tt &l ,hc
.V ff"?"7
n
("""'s
Constantinople,
quarto,
78.1
There
is,
however,
some
"J/S
78.)
i,
some<"~*.'Jim.
Allah, or Masiach of the lliks containsi other narcotice,
narcotics, as those of hemp and Ol
as
opium.
irits
has
longparticularly
been know
knownfemales,
in Turkey,
S)i
The use of opium for theit nirpose of exhilarating the spirits
long
been
id by
byhasmany,
in
China
Syria,
"when
L,al combined
ô unfortunately
adopted
many,
particularly
i taken I*:,
Russell; saands,ofmatlatein years
with
spices
and
aromatice,
he
iromatios,
fie
has
known
it
ns m tweiity.four hours. It, habitual use cannot
annot lie
be loo
too much reprobated.
reprobated, Itit "
" ,,k,
digest
ns,
consequently
the
vigour
of
the
whole
body,
IkhIv,
and
iL-.tn.vs
destroys
also
flual'y
gradually
the
"
m<Jj,
to its
says
are at first obstinate costivcness,^ h0,|uut.y
Tl
diarrl.;";^?^"1."1
" 1W1,h ,no
"odictecl
its use,
une, and
saysaRusiell,
Rusiill
Bottish
appearance
The memories
uio |,
stSS,
A\
. fll",l<r'
loss old,
ofto agipetite
appetite
sottish
.p, grave, objects
Slin-,
r?i
>'
l)t4"me
prematurely
and
then
sink
into
the
scorn vi.il.le
andot pitv
" .a
tim in
-,er in Sm'r"a' '""k daily three drachms o? crude opium.of The
S,""J,?*esl'arkhngof
hi,
eyes,
and
great'exhilaration
of
spirits.
He
found
the
desire
ot
"
^Mf,,
"" SS- "c Kmi """' years older than he reallv was ; his complexion as ssry>m
>t
a r:a'',n~',nllll',''ft
I"''1
lie could not r,sei0
""owingopium
hall
drachm
of opium.
[Phil Trans
\ix ban280 I to thea sockets.
iWhen
been taken
inI" an overdose,
oi'r,
,"
.oteracting its had
tdj efiect.
exhibition
at . has
. l"',;.",t''koo
the a.
first. thing .to .
be done r.
for counteracting
vrf ,
ater,,
'V,
J
,|:
nd
Purpose
sulphate
of
.inc.
or
sulphate
of.gW^fK.
iP^^t^^^Vîr^^
the vomiting
'ke,,lorupother
for aacidulated
considerable
ami a.i rH,
be rroque,;ai i ' J'1.'"' ''raughts ofondvinegar
and water
flu*.l.mc,
s iolim
sliould
bo k;at,:'kl
Hie ,lfpower,
of the
habit supported
brandy,Curric
coffee, recommends
and cordials.the" manus ,
warm water
n,"o t "'"I
'- :"ld.
I>ossible,
in coi,in,cil
gentle bymotion.
Medical
men
h
'Zf'"P.
"r
108
''egrees
for
removing
the
drowsiness,
(l.on.ton
Dispensatory,
*)
extractive, from which
wh^.h 'J""'
"ht saltdiscover
,.4lat,veis obtaincl.
principle ofSonic
opium,foreign
and ha.e
found ano
. ,1,,
a cryitalhred
called themorphia
physicians,
0*D*E 1.
POLYANDniA MONOGYNIA.
468
TSCap,eflipt
Cap
eil
.
andcalyxessmooth,
Stan much
smoothish,
Lw. pinnated, Lobeslin.[byterminated
TWiCapk
smoothglobose,
Stem many-fl.
hairy many-ft.
Leavesbranch,
pinnatifid
cut
a brutlo
76
Caps,
oblong
smooth,
Stem
with
appressed
bristles,
Leaves
pinnatifid
cut
7B6
Caps,
ov.-. smooth,
Stemhairy,
much branched
peduncLeaves
covered
withthelower
decid, setae,pinnate
Lvs. glauc pinnatifld
7U7
Caps,
obL Spale
many-fl.andhispid.
pilote:
7fifi8
Calyxeismooth
and cant,
smooth.
LeavesStem
stem-clasping
cutpinnate serrate
VWCaj*.
smooth.
Stems
1-fl.
rough,
Leaves
scabrous
Caps, smooth, Steins 1-. rough, Leaves scabrous pinnate serrate, Flowers subtended by leafy brades
7671 Cap*, smooth obL Stem many-fl. smooth, Leaves pinnate cut
7673Caps. 6-valvcd, Leaves spiny
"67S
a contracted
neck,short
at thevaulted
end flatincurved
erect
"v. i Leaves
Leave* erect
long, tubular.
their tubeValve
dottedwith
at back.
Appendage
7615Ln. shortcolored upwards with netted veins. Tube ofleaf ending in a recurv. vaulted mucron. api>eiidix
7676 LeavescucnUate Tentricosc spreading arcuate
7677
Leaves cordate
cordate entire
entire.cmarginate,
Lobes imbricated
Calyx 4,leaved
(678 Leaves
Lobes round,
divaricating,
Point obtuse, Calyx 4-leaved
7P
leavescordate
entire,
lateral
nerves
beneath
level.
smooth, Pet
acute, Rays
Rays ofofstigma
i Laite* cordate entire, Lateral nerves beneath level. Petioles
Petioles smooth,
Pet acute,
stigma812-20
[Leave*
cordate toothed
very
smooth,
LobesLobes
approximating.
Calyx
4-lcaved
<
leavesreniform
toothed
downy
beneath,
round.
Calyx
4-leaved
i3 Leaves peltate finely toothed, beneath downy without spots
, u ateneed
a
2***
Mmm"^",H'&.m#r*Z'Z1"'?
01 ov""*- I Pound l_
Berti,
loolid'T " *Sd very de in ;"*''"?' f HUal "
which
partsseeds,
of Russia,
Class Vil
4G4
R
m.s
pk
E.
Indies
1807.
7684
versicolorH... changeable
Jn.s a G. H. 1732. R m.s BoL
BoL mag
mag as1189
7685
blue
sfc# ]
786 cerlea
stellu If.
star-flowered
BS or jn.e 1-1 Indies 1803. au U rep SJ
Hydrochloride*. Sp. 1fi. S m-s BolmagSM
tllTS. LIMNOCHA'RIS. *. Limnocuaris. UJu
Y Brazil 1822.
7687 Plumiri Itich. Plunder's C51*
Xympturacets.
Sp. 4&
tll76.
NU'FHAR.
H.K.
Nuphar.
Eng.
bot 1W
in.il
pools,&c RR m.i
7688
lutea
. K. X. common.yellowfe
or Lau YY Brit.
Bol
mag
Canada
1807. R mi
7689
Kalmina
Canadian
>
ma
Eng.
bol 2
Y Scotland al.lak.
7690 minima . .
least yellow i or 11jl au
R
m.s
Bol
mag.
m
au Y N. Amer. 1772
7691 dvena H. .
three-colored fe or
Nymphte'itxte.
Sp.
1.
EuRYALR. S or jLs H India 1809. R mi Bol mag 1I
1177. EURY'ALE. H. . prickly
7692 rrox H. .
Bitine*.Pk Sp. W1-2Arnotta, dm 20 my.au
S s.p BoL mag. 1W
1178.
BI'XA.
If.
heart-leaved
7693 rellna W.
.Y Sn, 17.
Prockia.
tll79.
PROCK1A.
L.
W. Indies 1 8.P Vah-irmUt
7694 Crucii L.
1 3 jl.au
Tiliacc.c.
Sp.
18.
Sloanea.
S p.1 Plum.ir.S4l
1180.
SLO'ANEA.
7695denlta
If. W. Chesuiut-leav'df tm 40 ... W S. Amcr. 1752.
.Y Sp. S.47.
p.1 AuhpUtSj'
Apeira.
1181.
APEl'BA.
.
hairy
or
7696
Tiburbou
W. hoary
Y S. Amer.
Amer. 1756.
1817. El
p.1 Aun.vil'S;
Aub.gui.US
J
IZD
tm
7697
Petomo
ff.
Y
Cayenne
1792.
prickly-capsul'd} tm
7698
spera
If.
p.1 AuUul1.1.
G
Cayenne
1817.
leaved J or
7699 l.-e-vis f.
....la.
1182.
If. _.
t L_|or
7700 SPARRMAN'NIA.
africana If.
African
1183.
ENTELE'A.
R.Br.
Ektelea.
7701 arborescens R. Br. arborescent i_|or
1184.
MUNTIN'GIA
7702 Calaba
If.
four
in the afternoon
V"> Propagation,
2?
th 'ndThf.
Tu.. i?****
?
4Uer ""e Culture,
" are used in Ireland, In the Highland.
HVSbi '"d of 1 and hre. ! *. *r "? or ch<nut >lOT- S'" are "id to eat iL
?**a?mu.Jffi?
much in the formIndi.
of theAfrica,
(lower and tam,
but theWW
&fa
andthey"m
nVeV. ?nmw
j*.,i, .;'"
'"*J"""
America
very
Cairo, 01,.d">
during the tme
, *r0""f ,he quantit
es in tileandplains
of LowerIt Egypt
of All
th?Ti"
""
"f
Otober.
tKS..
J'
0WM*
th<
bout
the
middle
o!September,
and
ri|'
th I!ried "d ground. " Nuphar. The ancient Egyptians made a bread of the serf
%^^'""'1rÛl"""1,_,'
""Che.reofmereaail
rich soil atbytheoeU
bottomfrom: they
ifCi kJi a|'^-wnocu|tiated
producefcwbulb"
th.ar, p
M'RnJcSll
thcirfor " M
for w^nteotic^>r
of J"*''S
toCh,,rf^
5tcrT^"'m*
Ual
J from
c?ld- orlrflion,
xcewvfound
heat,that
weretheaptbulbous
to formrooted
bull Nymphw.
H the refi
ll?!. SLcAn
"eccssity of a regular and powerful moist heat to make Uu
by117?
6
1WiU"'W
^]^"^^^"de".e"'
> cl'l
becauKin the
speciesThey
are mirsh
pW>
-apW
t,,
' <" rer>
ci'tivatcd
a store
are increaud
iie^^^î K'ff* to Forskahl. The 4*cie, are shew, plant. A**
rcru* ;"d bo,h of >he
rad ron 'hat uart'
of Kurope,
also
V* that
America.
Ijiina-u.
"ck"Mch""",cricket'
eleave
driêrTou??/
notmoke
fondandinofitbumi"
and
sheep,
andthcy.nd
h(m
"eorS"
"re dtro,ed
' l5L or
"*?f
are
S?with
it, kine,
no77. Eyab
From b, the !oUU """"^
bruised
m.lk. Ray observes,
thattUttheboth
lloweri
imell
"%a4t,c, .11,7,,^.
store.'""0" to lh<! """" broad floating leave, of the rJanl A
or nrleana,
American
name
of
the
tree. The drug. called
Terra Orellana,
Orlei BouOT
1178.
Bita.'
The
hot wa"^'
.motto
from
the VW,
red1 pulp
which
,rH fw.m
,kme
L._l
_rofballs
1.:R,whveh
niaceratic
the
seet
~i,
'rom
rea
wnien
covers
the
seeds
this orji
planL
By
niacei.--^_
.retli""
tit
for
?,*
from
th
the
latter
i.
then
made
into
cakes,
whendryarj^
n.y.i.r'"'""1
th*isP"1?.
Ihecolor
la"erofi"fire,
then im within, soft to the touch and -*?j.e iaa
.1?.""0
goodfrom
quality
, f." . '' * 4"
quality
is ofofthe
the color
of and
fire, bright
bright
by the Spaniards in their ctiocoi. .
* "tag
much, usedcolor.
i-. taaUa ta"KtS
to noightento the
Savor andandtocordial,
give them
anis agreeable
good il
4GS
76H
Leave*peltate
at
the
edge
and
within
the
nature
linuate
toothed
blistered
smooth
on
ei
7*5
doited traooth
each aide
at base,
a, ,petal*
7tS6 Leaves
Leaves peltate
cordatenearly
entire,entire
Lobetnotdivaricating
acute,on Calyx
acute2-lobed
4-leaved
longerAnthers
than thewith
acute
7687 Une oblong blunt at each end, Flowers In umbels
7Uves
Lobes
Cal. 5-leaved
longer
thanwater.
petalsPetioles roundish
76
Sepali
j,i,cordate
Stigmaentire,
cut with
8-1010 approximating,
rays. Lvs.
Leaves
cordate
a little
out
of the
7SB
Sepals
Stigma
lobed
with
rays,
obi.
cord.
dott
eub-pubesc.
Petioles
at base
end nearly
71 Leavescordateentire halferect. Lobe*divaricating, CaL 6-ieaved longer than
petalsh round, atfil-corocred
Ptioles and calyxes covered over with stiffpricklet, Leaves sometimes 3 feet across
788 Leaves smooth on each side
7GM Luvet cordate ovate toothed, Peduncles terminal racemose
76B5 Leavesovate, Stipules cordate triangular serrated
75
Leaves
cordate
lanceol. serrate hirsute
beneath, Cap*,
Capsulct
bristly
7W
Leaves
lubcordateserrulate
hoary beneath.
bristly
7ri.t3
Iivm .
obL
entire pubescent
beneath,Petals
Caps,obtuse,
muricatetl
<9 Leave*
obL lubcordate
obovate acuminate
entire smooth,
,
Theonly species
The only ipeciet
> Leaves serrated oblong oblique
"ddisorder!
M'fceHantrotitandPartlctuart.
tas In1lMn*ndr^ll0,kUin'0*" Mixcd w'th lemon-juice
a gum, it makes the crimson paint with which
it
not
Jvlirt
^*0"1
It
was
formerly
used hy
dyer*maintains
to form itstheground
color with
calledpainters.
aurora; Amotto
but at
*^ known to i ik" m Oration as a dye, though
it still
It
uLa
u
*
ie
u*ed
for
dying
cheese
in
Gloucestershire,
under
the
name
of
cheeseP'wUtinn
th\i? n,iIndies;
for t41,"rmK
thtirofbutter.
rojie*toforprocure
the commun
frwion. in tneweet
and pieces
the woodTliearehark
usedmakes
by thegoodIndians
tire by
t*^talvea"nAnnmc 2f unknown meaning. American or Isle of France plants with alternate entire or
5Presiden
.
wh'ch
nrt' occasionally
unisexual.
t Vu" !?0'
plumi".
in memory
of the famou*
Sir Hans Sloane, Bart,
owne the rriblCT'?uU'ar name of the plant in Guiana. Tibourbou
d, and
(^,.,,
M**
in light
loamy toil. orCuttings
"Leering
'ittlefreely
given
it oorMionany,
they willitmust
daimtI
way
a\) Z ,Vn,T.
w cut 'rrmB ou1,1
idh*v*
the bark
ofaira large
branch,
which stagnate*
and
t intoU>>ttlower.
-SmI\memor
of
Ande
^"cealt,
j,
a
Swede,
fellow
of
the
Academy
:
Andn
traveUwS1^ h? F*** into t , the Ci
Hope,descriptions
and the Mauds
uf inthetheSouth
Sea.of
many
by
him
Philoso
"IlllUUsja. It |g a Ix-autiful si
phite petals, Hnd singular nectaries. It
, perfect.
So namedfrom
by Mr.
lirowt i-glass.
because all its filaments arc fertile; by
7*011;
b
thetS.l,'!;i?,B-,t
"
extinguished
Sparm.innia.
1 W/Rrilf IbZ
2's.ts V',h s,ir . J,"*'Ph
Joseph Banks
Hanks in Cook's sei-nd voyage.A tine New Zealand plant, discovered
B'2
, '
Bifa '*row ,2 Plumier,
after Abraham
Munling, professor of botany at Groeningcn, died
5"1 in J.itrirficam saW
V i (arc0aUVu'Mlf'inc
mc"n name" The
resemble
those; and
of thein Stbramble,
andinthethefruit
ieP**e
.flowe
lowering
Id spring
Domingo
wetcherries
parts of
^ **w * hamugi^
September. In our stoves it giow freely iu light loam, and cuttings root in
Hh
Class XItt
TUiacea.pu Sp. E.8-65..
Grew.a.
Indies 1816. P-1
I 1 oror au.s Pa.pu
soft-leaved
S
E.E Indies
Indies 17>2. cp
c.p Frster.
Rhcc.maLl.Ln
rough-fruited
G
L_l or j" pu . G. H. 1779.
anicled
p.l
Bot
mag.
4
.
I~)I oror jl.au Pu . Indies 1767. t p.1 Khee.mal5.L

,lm-leaved
oriental
1S04.
[ I or jLau Pu... E.E Indies

fil
Sonait-itlS
pilose
Indies 1792.
or
Asiatic
... ... E. Indies
1812. p.l
Iame-trce-leav.
J or
Tiacex.
Sp.
810.
Lime-Trek.
woods.
LL FL dan. 55S
jn.au
Y.o
Britain
common
woods.
jn.au
Y.G
Britain
intermediate
woods.
L EnK.bot.l7&
au.s
Y.
Britain
email-leaved
au.a Y.Q Britain woods. L Vent. dis.tus
broad-leaved
N. Amer. 1752, L Dend.bm.13.
broad-leaved tm 30 jn.il Y.a
7715 americana
W.
T.
gtdbra
Vent
,
20
jl.au
Y.G
N. Amer. 1726. L Dend. brit 135
pul>escent y
7716fltutophjjlla
pubescens W.Vent, thin-tcaved
jl.au Y.o
Amer. 1767.
... LL, * Dcnd. brit 71
ii 30ft) ju.au
Y.a N.Hungary
lba
IV.
^K.
white
I
Vent dis*. L5
T. argntea Dec.
7718 heterophJ-Ha
Vent. arious-leared 1111 30 jn.au Y.o N. Amer, lttt L
1187. CORTHORUS. W. Corchoriv.
S Camer.hort.tlS
(
bristly-leaved KU w 21 jii.i
7719out6rius W.
SS Jac
Arabia
1790,
Jac.
viiid. Lifo
l.au
three-celled
KQ
W
7720
triloculris
tV.
S.E. Amer.
1731.
riu.phTl.t4Ul
Honibeam-lvd.
2
w 23 n.jl
7721
'ituaus
W.
Indies
1816.
n.jl
Ru.am.5.
t7&U
acut(
.
'
.
angled
.
W
7722
acutaneulus
W.
Lp
E.
Indies
1725.
Jac
vinn.3.t5i
n.jl
heart-leaved
K5
ww n.jl
7723 capsularle IV.
S p.l Jac,vind3.t.M
&W.Amer.
1752.
woolly-capsul'de.
7724
hirsitus
W.
Lp
Indies
1732.
Germander-lv. n. un 3 jn.au
7723 ailiqusue W.
Anchovy-Pear.J Dfr wG^tv^JarnaicaI1768. Lm *0V
1188.
GRl'AS.
W.
stem-flowering
7726 cauliflra W.
1189.
CALOPHYL'LUM.
W.
Calophvlu m. tm
7727
Inophyllum
7728 Calaba
W. W. sweet-scented
Calaba-tree J1
tm
Gutter*. SpA^ c tl fcesU*
11190. MAMME'A. W. Mammee-Tree.
7729 amerirSna W.
American CD
466
1185.
GRE'WIA.
7703
W. W.W.
7704 hirsuta
Mallaccca
7705 Microcot
7706
occidentilisH.W.K.
W.
7707 orientlii
7708
pilsa
P.
S.
7709
7710 asitica
tis'a W.W.
1186.
TI'LIA.
7711
rubra
Dec.W..
7712
utemidia
7713
parviflia
7714 platyphJilaEhr.
Scop.
a
i*
i
'l4
JJistuiy, est-, Frupaattun, Culture,

. rk
honor of Nehemiah
Grew, M. Dleaves,
, F. R^SS,
fttwiof Vegetables.
So named by Linnaeus,
r__ inunder
with elm-looking
goneraU)
,3
, 4(
the1185.
Anatomy
species
are shrubs
no
great
beauty. Cuttings rootThein sand
a hand-glass
in heat Some
ot the

p
berry
which
is esteemed
bythemeaning
natives ofof which
the country
where they grow.
d 7WC, lui
.arc
Agraceful
name trees
is unexplained.
Fr., "' fn'roiicilagc.
The1186.species
with highly
odoriferous
dowers, all
theTilleul,
soft
: bear
the parts
smokeabounomsj"
of London.
It ftvorlK\.
. intermedia is wdd in Sweden, and will in some degree
"!
!
-gestions
(Sylva) was
a V^^SJ,,
and
avenue
treeEngland.
in HollandHeand
Germany,
at Evelyn's
' Gemmy,_hl.
this wayjn
describe
orneand
enormous
lime suggestions
trees
in Switzerland,
M)s,"lhst
,nd
by
the
Romans
.
"
"
"f,*
acceptable
:"
f''
'^'
prod
we
no better provided
of DUMCtet,
for aexcessive
tree .0 cho.ee
'rt'Cd
Me
aitareinto
Hnden,
to our
cost, Jg
whd.tas goou, v wolxU
, ^ cil,ed,
and
them,
and Holland
though ofandsomewhat,
smaller
leaf, yet altogether
withtnel*'P
"Time-tree
wood isandturned
into light
bowlstheandbark
dishes,
ofS*
they
baskets
cradles.
Formerly
w-a. ""^'"^^"bleU^
used
for
^
Ru4wdcr
tl1
tW
^
ofitaeif,
themake
plank
to
cut
leather
on.
The
truncheons
make
a
far
be
1er
cim
10
f
1^
w
ff"
and
also
scribleti
for
painter.'
first
draughts.
IMod
is
sort.
"V".'mg.
"'
01
choir
of
not subjectworks
to the
worm. The
most elegant
which ill our
"^nH!
"i"
beautiful
in lime-tree
are di.,*r-d
about use
the tokingdom
IUM" fCaml.ridge,
*^ 'Scl*
"lms,k>,
St.
Paul's,
the
Duke
of
Devonshire',
at
ChaUworth.
Trimtv
(
^ff}^l
sugar
"""'^'^d
h
raoommended
him
to Kingand
Charles
'4 a pn 1 luug for * mikc
that
the will
timberlt
islong.
stronger
lighterII.thanTheanysapsortiiupyuted
of willow affiird
; and
makes
painted
,
.
,. ^j,,
0f South
In Ltaooliuhln,
inThis,
the byforest
of Dean,separates
and in into
various I'""
f/bf
'u"
<' WJ"4
maJ",
ex"""
ropes
the bark. and
I use.1,
of ?he
used byof gardener.,
JallUlmaceration,
in the north
of Europ thin
hast, rough
ffieylayers,
lorm """JJj.
evm
'U"^.
,ledged
T i!u2,a
the bark, and a great degree of vUcidity the w noie
afBnity This
to thequality
mallowin tribe.
t !
II Lu corr
.4
* Priait iw
fr
%
.
I .
^
..
~* b~ above, Fniit round wi[ , ti

"i uuncjut'iy
" cuually serrate
ijLMvsiova!
Hj,Blen
tero oval
ovate
oil, and largo cuttings, Sweet observe,

Ilealaccount
oftoitsramify
large into
beautifully
voinedof
seemsBowers,
alikemultitude
Iragrant
and
fruit
a
walnut
frequ itly hardening to agum. It is common n
Septcmlier, |>..m,,
.rcquentlv
the ageointment?
of three
mpj,
and about
toto make
a, &c tonnage
they plant this tree
their house';
pound upwards,
well
adanterf
which,1,is and
eatenin,i,
bytherefore
the natives,
*""* Hui " grw -'? "
light loamy
and
cuttings
ar 11,
ln*lureof uL**1 '/'"natis attrtou'itt *h"
te"?= ^mhlanee , ,hc
fienhy
Umn
** S,h*
ith lea,
Cuss XIII
Ochnaccf. St2!-''- .,, c lo Roxb. cor 1.18
1191.
OCH'NA.Dec.W. equarrose
.
7730
?u I 4 S M s*
7731 obtusta
atropurprea Dee. purple-flower'd I I or \
1192. ELfiOCAR'PUS. W. El.b>ca14is. or 20 - - Sha IS i not ra
77:0eerrtus
7733 cyincue B.W. M. aaw-leaved
blue-fruited 17 I I or 10 jn.au W
E. reticulata Smith.
tliga ALAN'GIUM. J. ALUNCiitM. J or 10 ... Pa-pu E- Indies 1779' p.1 RheemaUtn
77S4 decaptalum if. Sage-leaved
tllQfc MEVTZE'LIA. W. Mbntzblia. or 3 Lasete.
jl.au Y America 1733. SD 6.1 Plum.icl7Ul
Bot- mag. W
7735
W. Nuit, rough
7736 spera
oligoeprma
few-seeded U\J Or 2 ray jn Y Louisiana 1S12.
SalicorU.
Sp.
27.
.
LAGEHSTR'MIA.
W.
Lgerstriemi
s.!
. 405
6 au.o Pu E. Ind. 7J p.l Bot
77."
' W.
"
' -"
eL
Boxb.eobl.te
Indian
,37 'indica
!
oblong-leaved
*-
or 12 ... R E- Indies 1792.
77/38 Kegln* ff.
I l'o9.
Roi cor.! II
Bbngal-Qlince. fr ; Aurantiacae. E.Sp.Indies
1196.
JE'GLE. Correa.
7739 Mrmelos
W. . thorny
._ Sp. Sp18-^8- 1629. s.p Bot mag. 112
Rock-Rose.
tllf.
4 jn.jl
7740 CISTUS.
ladanlfenuJ.W. Gum-Cistus
... .p Jacq. colli M
Spain
Flat-lfau -Gum *f oror 42 jn.jl
pla>\{f6Uus
S. Europe 1656.
Montpelicr J or 2 jn.j!
7741
monspclins.H
W. waved-leavetl
1656. SS s.p
s.p
in.jl
W
jn.jl
7742
lixus
K.
en.
1656.
S 3 rhiha.arb.l.t
iv Portugal
or '2-3 M
jnjl
hairy
7743
hirstus
If.
m.
1640.
S.
Europe
jn.jl
Pu
7744
IV. W. villous
1656.
3 my.jn
W Spain
Poplar-leaved s*
77*5 villsus
populiflius
Spain
my.jn W
PopUrJv.
7746
CorborinsisDun.
P. S. small
Bot reg. B
Pu Ttfoeriffe
..
22 ap.jn
my.jn Pa.pu
wavy
7747
undultus
oblong-leaved
7748 vagintus
Pu Portugal 1548. S s.p Cav.ic.llW
JaccoLit
22 jn.jl
curled-leaved *
7749
crlspus
W.
W
S.
Euroi*
jn.jl \V Spain 1731. ip Chu.
L" Ii
Sagc-icaved
*
7750salv.folius
W.IV.
ltetatUtlM
42 jn.jl
Lnurel-leaved
7751
laurifiiuB
... SS
Pu
Algiers
Bot
magjn.jl
various-leaved
7752
helerophyllus
P.
S.
1596.
S.P
Pu
S.
Europe
Bot
reg.
*B
22 jn.au
hoary
*
7753
... pi Jac-ic. UM.
Pu
my.jl
7754 incnu
purpiireusif,.P. S. purple
1731.
p.1
pu Levant
Cretan
7755
crticue IV.
. S S-P FirktMf
2IJ1 jn.au
in.jl Pa.pu
white-leaved
7756lhidus
W Spain
Franco sp Duha.afa.Lt*
jLau
many-fl.-Gum **
7757 Ldon W.W.
7739
7734
lilSWry,
Tt
J
1 Culture,
i fruit is roundish.
. ;.
Huidry,
,
Projxigntion,
ofj?Mapioha
grandiflora,
andCaMUlBln.
odoriferous
whitebright
flowers
on ptalunclca.
"y"**
thlmnr.
Arm
vellovr
having 11a pleasant
in ,,.,
rnrnatlc.melh but the skin and 4,U are ver? bitter andpul|>,
resinous.
is eaten singular
raw alone,taste,
rull
whiV h S,'',S or !,rc,c""*l in sugar. In Martinico they distil the (lowers with spirit, and nunc 4
which
they!"rtiCU,Url'U
call Eaucuttings,
crele.
_J?QL
. .,|,'
loi^'T,,
"rc no"Ith tc-mpting
ta culture
in our' stove,
a Iruitatree.
It ""'.u
i wrt-'
'I^ned
therleaves
not
shortened,
in sanda.theunder
in heat
ha.1 un ni 7"'r
' C::sck namc
the "
pear tree, root
to which
genu,hand.gl.-us
so di.4ngui.liea
o^'
j
>S_BO Und of rcsemhl.ince. The .perie. are pretty free-flowering planU, with .tuning serrate, JJ ,
1J9 Vtoamjm from
the olive, and .w, fruit, in allusion to the shape of its ft*
-j
Places. The .peciea thrive m loam i~
stones
cleanedroot
fromin the
pulp,
anda et
in gold/arc formed into necklace*.
and1 193,
cutting,
sand
under
hand-glass.
names,
.
.1/,,,,_,,. so denominated by lamarck, from a sliglit alteration of one oi, ;.as afabliar
, aVasf*It
grow.MeafaWfa.
In light sandv
soil,
and
cuttings
root
in
rand
under
a
lian.l-glaM
in
moist
neat
iter
of
Brandenburg!
Named after Christian Mentzel, a Prussian, physician to tne las
died1195.in IiUl.
Curious plants
relatedbyto LbltUMU
Loasa. from Magnu. laigerstroem, th mt0 t. r of tb
/.og.-rdrnfwiir.
Ho named
Swcdi.l,
Ea.t
I,i|a
Companv,
who
procured
m.mv
from
China,
gase " sweet,
n ,bc mom*
regina;
, ,.r,. tumdaom
,brub
: the
flowers
are oomlo
incurit4
panicles,
a span
long, and
pale
f. rain" ""f
<b"h
the
dav.
and
laicomina
miu the
evening.
Accordmg ,itlie
to wwatertlw
in .inter.
ough
the
day,
and
becoming
purple
the
evening
A"*?"
if Ct\T """vuit to gum through the winter; It requires a good heat, and uus
vcrym fail,
MOi2fS2a!?
u<'1' ' Cuttings
t is great
chance
it survives
' ^d-glsss.
CM
^ "fhHV0roorato" a,ld
or both
kind,ifroot
readily :ininsand, under
an
^
JiSi8 S*
-.***.
w
one
of
the
Hcpcride*
Correa
de
Serra
named
the
-fj*
"m,; 'eseii.blai.ce to the orange. Sweet observes, that this plant likes a rich loamy
Order I.
7730
capitate,
Petals!L10,
verySepals
blunt ovate
MTTated
'7 1W Flower* wlilary, Leaves ovateleaves
acutelyol>ovate
toothed,
f: M 77
Leaves obL
lanceolateellipt.
Raceme*axillary
axillaryclustered, Drupes blue
7733 Leavei
lane, ierratedserrated.
netted, Racemes
469
[ al Bs*' 77Petals 10, Branches spiny

le*1: 7735 Stem branched, Peduncles axillary. Petals crenate obtuse
77JStem branched, Peduncles axillary solitary, PeteH acuminate. Fruit reflexed
-wm
ramcie
roundish ovate acutesmooth
nrta!, "
7738-- PetaU
wavy, Panicle
Panicle terminal.
terminal, Leaves
Leavesoblongsmooth
7739 Middle leaflet stalked, Fruit with IS cells
77*)Leavesrabseuile connate at base lin. lane smooth above downy beneath, Cape. 10-ceIled
Lmva I'm. lane, sessile 3-nerved villous on each side, Pedunc. cymose 1-sided
ij*"aesiile
" ,nort
itaIlliShirsute,
ovate lanceolate
acum.1-.wavy
at edge Cape,
: the small
upperinhairy,
hirsute
obi obt
Pedunc.
short
or cymose.
a largeCymes
hairy
pyramidal
~l
i
,*
ovate
rugose
tomentoso
hairy
stalked,
Pedunc.
1-fl.
US
together.
Calyx
villous calyx
gj
Leam
(talked
cordate
acuminate
smooth,fringed
FL cymose,
Pedunc.
witha little
long glutinous
bractes on each
~n
i
ve*
Wked
cordateovate
acuminate
at
edge
rugose
and
lide
"is
linearoblong
wavy at edgestalked,
3-nervedat
base, Sepals the
villous with
long
--!? ,, 1PM0Mlle
'antsesMie
acutelinear
3-nerv.lanceolate
hairyacute
reticuL
Sulkssheathing
theirpoints
connatebafea
:..va
wavedbeneath
crisp 3 nerved rugose
piibewent, Ft stem
nessilewith
umbelled
HJ**italkedovatebluntrugosedowny
Peduncbeneath,
long hoary
1-flowered
,Im,**ovate,talked
lanestalks
3-nerved smoothatbeneath,
above
downy
Petioles
dilated
and
at base
lane,ovate
ontoment.
short
basesubconnate
revoluto
at: edge,
Pedunc.
hirsutePedunc.
leafyunited
1-flowered
/m Leave
spatulatc
rugosesheathing
3-nerved sessile
the upper
narrower,
1-flowered
|-*iVM
1lncacuminate
at
each
end
rugose,
Stalks
short
hairy
sheathing,
Pedunc.
short
I-2i3
in iâve, tpatulate ovate downy hairy narrowed into a short stalk wavy at edge, Pedunc short 1-flowered
*1.
3-nerved,
Fl. ailky,
3-8 in Fl.
terminal
umbels,
OuterPed.sepals
m Lvi conn. obL lane.ellipt
nerv.hoary
abovedowny
smoothabout
and shin,
beneath
in corymb,
cymes,
and largest
caLvill.
-^
77
& * riP* before the
Uimiia*' ^.
^S&i'S.frl'*
t^^SJf
bm Seen"tbZ"\h\^x'
fitSA- -.-' cap,u,e. The capsule of the genu, m
are
neVi .hU ,hiS!0" brilliant, and the petali vi-rV
Sbfc'b'o
J-Jtad at the end. of the branche,, four v,

* "ihr 'noffMav
the
liter if
Class XI1L
470
Ciatlite.
Sp
flirw.
J. Si;*-Rosb.
Spain 1752. p.1 BuT.le.Bl
7758 HELIANTHEMUM.
Libanti W.
Roeemary-lvd.
n
Europe 1731. p.1p.1
21 j"jn.au YYW S.Italy
7739
umbel-flower'd
7760 umbelltum
ecabreum P.p.S rough
L.
35 jl.au
jn-jl Y Portugal 1775.
180
p.1 Botmig.S!
7761
algarveiue
Dun.
Algarvine
Portugal
I7S0. p.1
mag. 1
7762
fonnsuni
Dun.P 8. beautiful
o..
36 jn.jl
my.jl YY Spain 10
p.1 Bot
Barr.ic.ffi
7763
arripliciflium
Orache-Ieared
Spain
16S.
YY N. Amer. 1739. S p.1ni Car.lc.ltU

41 jn.jl
7764 halimifolium P. S. Sea-PureUlvd, 7765 canariense P. S. Canadian
or01 jn.jl
a Europesan.pa,
1752. SD 1.1ID Car.
ici. 5H1
jn.jl YW England
Flantain-leav'd 2 _AJ
7766
Tubcrria P.P.S. spotted-flow.
Eng.
7767
gutttum
England san.pa.
S .1il JacobtlteH
Eng bot
bot.
jn.jl
jnj YW Egvpt
Ledum-leaved oro *H
7768
lediflium
P.
S.
17rt4.
S
776 a*gypt.a.-um P S. Egyptian
S.
Europe
175a
S
in
Car.
.
1. 114
YY S. France 1816. S il
W illow-leaved o 4 * jn.au
7770
saliciflium P.P.S.
7771
1790.
S p.1i.p Jacicl.
t.91
YY Canaries
Canary
t~. \ 1 oi IJI jnjl
jn.jl
% puncttum
canariense P. S. punctated
France
1752.
JacaaUtbi
jn.jl
Heath-leaved
7773
Fumna
P.
France
1I90.
S
.p
Bot
mag
IM
II jn.au YY Italy USa S ip Bol mag. 8371
cluster-leaved
7774
l'vipe*
P.
S
Barrelier'e a. I o: 21 jn.au
TJ15
Barreliri
Europe 1790.
p.1 Car.ic.ltltlU
Iin.s YY S.Spain
777G
glutinsura
P.
S.
clammy
1795.
Car.
icJlSSS
7777 origanifolium P. S. Marjoram-lvrf. n. | oi 2Jjnjl
jn.jl Y Germany IMlo. S ip Jar.anil lSffl
7778
17!I9.
Barr.
rar. IM
777 lamiicum
itJieum P. 8.P. mooth-leaved
Italian
- I 2 jijn-jl- YY S.Italy
Fairopc al.roc.
1772. p.1IP
ALpedtAU
7780cnum
W en.P.S. hoary
*- I 1 my.jn Y Britain
&g.
bots
7781
mantolium
Marum-leaTcd
1815.
YY Spain
7782 eouaratum P. S. ecaly
I 52 jn.jl
M--.. ac.alp.
1815. J.11.1 Car.icjtl
..2.1!
7783
glaucum P. Smith, glauiu-lcav*d
n.
Eng bot 8
YY Scotland
1 jn.au
jUu
7784
tomeiitsum
tommtose
JU
Austria
I7.il.
pJ
my.i
778">
erpylliflium
P.
YVildThyme-lv.t,
BriUin
gra.Dan.
.1
Eng.

Y
|my.i
7786flore
vulgreplenoP.S.
common-dwarf 1
* I jnmy.*au YY Spa'to" 1752. a.1 C"?8-,^*
doubte-flowerciHU
7787
nummulrium
.
Moneywort-lv.
.
EnBland
ch.hil.
il
Eng.
bot SW
YW France ... p.l .1
7788 *urrejnum P. S. dotted-leaved tf .0
jn.jl
7789
iampsucifliumOii.
bri*tly-*talked
t~
Spain
I80a
p.1
.
Y
7790
elongituraP.P.S.& aw-petalled
long-peduncled . 2i jljn.jl Y Sbn 1*1*. D i.p 1
7791
erratum
un 1759. i.I Barrel rat.14
YW SpFrance
7792
hlrtum
P. S. P.S. bmtly-calyxed
L _J or 1 S jn.jl
...... a.1e.1 _ , , ...
7793
pulverulntum
powdered
U
jnjl
Montpelier
Y
779*
afireum
P. S. P.S. golden
*~
or 1 I jn.au
SiMin
1K5&
a.14 Jacic.l.lS6
Barrel ie.4
Y
jn.jl
7795
thymiflium
Thyme-leared
*~
|
or
Levant
1739.
77!"61avandulirflium/i.S.I^vcnder-leav. . | or 2 ju jl Y
il Jac.lloit.it
7797 angustiflium P. narrow-leaved
f jnjl YHt France 1800.
1795. ilip JfC7798
mutbile
P./'.S.S. changeable
.*~
1 i jn.jl
EngUnd
downi
Eng*Jbot
7799
poliflium
white-mount
my.jl W
Italy
1731.
if
-'-.
W
7800
appennnum
P.
S.
pennine
.
2
jn.au
S.
Europe
173L
J
Al.pe.2.t45.'.l
7801
pilium
P.
S.
hairy
.
_
w
U
in.au
ip
5
7802 grandiflrura
1 I jnjl
S.lUly
Europe 1800.
7803
roseum P. S. P. S. large-flowered
Row-colored U
!U
jn.au YPk Spam
...... ilUl J",nIJ-.i,lS
DeliaaillW
7804
crceum
P.
S.
Saflron-coloêd
Y
4
jn.au
7805 ulphiireum /.. Sulphur-color*dJL.
S jnjl P.t Spain 1815. il
DIG YNIA.
1199.
BAUE'RA.
H.
K.
.
ii. S.1. W. 1793. IP Bot .71S
7806 rubivlolia H. K. Madder.leaved . \ | pr Cunoniacete.
JLd Pit Sg.
12O0.
FOTHEUGIL-LA.
W. Fotubroilli.
*
L Bol
a Hanmmclideec.
ap.in W N.N. Sp.Amer.
7807
W.
Bol mag
mag *
1*
Amer. 17fi5.
175. L s.pp Jac
7 alnitulia
major
. Jac.
M.
ic. 1. 1. IW
7809
Cianlni
N.
Amer.
1765.
7810 acrotina B. M.
i 77M
7767
lice TT
,
Use,
alance of
.i
J"-,
the aun,genus
andPropagation,
cr,Culture,
in plants,
allu.onmostly
to theligneous,
brigl.lJoM
for ?"
reSTSort, " " " ,"
of littleHo
trailing
and JJ^W
r
.it;it
lst kept than
in pots,theairf.hellered
VîiM,1
yellow, .t,aw'. Aumberof
"i. '"J nonethem
are answer
more ornamental
H. vulgare, and
Its varie M ^
ork.
All the i?'tl'11' "n(i^"d"blo
flowers.
one cuttings
of the handsomest
planta*l'r,h.
in ~
1!99. Bavera
N.S^,rof
eulture
lightItsoil,ia and
rootbotanical
freely under
Named
after Francia
andinFerdinand"
Bauer,
Geman
draughUmen of the high1
OlDE* I.
47]
vinous.
Leaves Un.Leaves
obL puiMrsc.
stip.glutlin.ash-colorcd.
subtil, mucron.
erect,longPedunc,
racemoseandglutinous
7776
Branches
villousovate
glutinous,
lin. vill.Racemes
Stipules
lax,
7777
Leeres
stalked
hairygreen
on each
side,
shortsimple
term. few-fl.
Pet scarcely
largerPedunc.
than
calyx cal. villous
7778
leaves
lane,
ellipt
blunt
on
each
side,
Raw
Cal
subgloboso
ovate
i/j9
Bruches
simple
long,
Leaves
pilose
hispid
:
lower
ovate;
upper
lane.
Racemes
simple
hairy
hoary
7780
Leaves
oblong
hairy
greenstalked
aboveovate
hoarycordate.
beneath.Racemes
Racemessimple
simple,solitary
Pedic.few.flowered
and cal. hoary
77*1
Leav
without
stipules
terminal
77
Branches ascend,
silvery with
obL blunt
silveryround
with ;small
Cal. scaly
77KS Branches
hoary.scales,
LeavesLeaves
downystalked
glaucous
: the lower
upperstipules,
ellipt. Slip,
and bractes green
Leaves
lane ovatehoary
hoarybeneath
beneathdeep
greengreen
above,shining
Calyxabove.
furrowed
withhoary
elevated
hairy nerves
m4j
Leaves
obLellipt
Calyx
:
its
nerves
few hairs
778fi Leaves scarcely revol at edge hoary beneath, green and hairy' above : lower round ; with
uppera obL
Rae. lax
777 Lower leaves round : upper obL lin. hairy greenbeneath, Racemes and calyxes hairy
77*8 Leaves obov. obi. somewhat hairy. Racemes few-fl. term. Pet. narrow lanceolate
-SStipule
OTa,e-bL
keeled
Peduncles
longPedunc.
branchedlongpaiiiclcd,
Stipules
Calyxes hairy
O, Leaves
lane sessile,
hoary
hairy
beneath,
2-leavcdwithout
and racemose.
7791
Leaves
opp
lane.
-i-nerved
hairy
viscid,
Radical
obovate.
Racemes
bractes,
, TC* ******* obL revolte at edge downy hairy hoary beneath, Calxes very hirsutePetals
whiteserrated
~lu
,
m
Pf1
linear
glaucous
above
hoary
beneath.
Cal.
hoary
minutely
pubescent,
Branches
hoary
'in. obi.
at edge hoary
on each
side, Calyxes
very hirsute
77ft> Leaveslin.
veryrevolute
short pubescent
opp. Stip.
mucronate
erect, Pedunc.
villouswhite
few-flowered
Eg
U""oblong
lin.
revoluto
at
edge
the
younger
hoary
on
each
side,
Calyxes
glaucous,
Sepals
7W Leaves flat
shortovate
stalked
lin.acuteoblong
hispid
above.
Racemes
lax,
CalyxCaLwithstriated
deciduous
hairs ciliated
pQVe*
obi.
smooth
above
beneath
finely
downy,
smoothish
"sin
aVe* stalked
ovateobi.obt"lin flatdowny
tencalh
hoaryglaucous
above smooth
CaL striated
smoothglaucous
shining obtuse
WO iLeaves
beneath
above, green,
Cal. shortly
hairy striated
55iw!?i^*"hoary
onhairy,
each Stipules
''de towciliated
at end,longer
Stipules
subulate,
CaL
hairy
nervedhairy
striated
/
Lpper
leaves
flat
obL
than
stalk,
PI.
large.
Calyxes
leve downy
ovate Una
downy
on eachabove
side,revolute
Stipulesatlinear,
andyellowish
cal. piloseglaucous
hirsute
wLeaves
hoarya little
beneath
glaucous
edge, Ped
Calyxes
narrow lane flat with stellate pubescence on each side. Raceme terminal few-flowered
VIGYNIJ.
fe S SStSi^ UPW"d' .h!
f Particulars
from
other
Ii a
*
II ,
~,CU",OTO""'iy''.ndpe.t,
and cuttings
rootlund.
to the The
sameipecio
reil under
ÔT"1
,
,
.r-.pMtlitHe.
rt,,,;
^"' i !Lmr. of John
Hb 4
XIII. ,
POLYANDRIA DIGYNIA.
472
DiUeniacea.
Sp.
II
W. American
CuRATEtLA. 1 or 8 ... W S.Amer. ... L sp Aub.guLl.tSfi
tMM,
7811 CURATEL'LA.
americna W.
Sp. 1517.
Pony.
tl2u2.
.
W.
Bot reputev"*
33 Ranunculceas.
ap.jn W
l'u China
China
1789. p.1
tree
7 Moutn
H. . Chinese
cab.
517I15*
p.1p.1 Bot.
apjn
1789.
Poppy-flowered
pnpavrrcea
Bot
ma.
3
apjn
Pu
China
1789.
or
common
Bot.
cab.
WS
y Banksi
p.
3
apjn
Pic
China
Ruse-Colored
rsea
W Siberia
Siberia 1784. R s.1si
ororor 22 my.jn
eatable-rooted
7813 albiflra
myjn
W
Tartarian
tntrica Pall Siberian
U si
2 myjn W Siberia
or

Sibirien
Pk Siberia
1784. RR s.1si Bot. reg.
or 2 myjn W
lAush-ealored
Siberia
single-flowered oror 22 my.jn
i uniflra
rep.
61!17
China 1784.
1784. RR s.1si Bot
Bot
mag.
Whitteji
2 my.jn
my.jn RW China
or
Hort
trans,.
- fragrant
/ei
R
s.1
2
myjn
R
China
1784.
Rose-scenled
nug.
144
RR sisi Bot
ororor 34 myjn
Daurian
Eng.
bot 15
7814
my.jn RPu
R Siberia
England 1790.
entire-leaved
7815 darica
corlllna H.fV..
Botmag-ITM
R
al
3
my.jn
Switaerl.
1548.
or
common
7816 officinlis W.
RR s.1s.1
33 my.jn
my.jn RPk
or
Rose-colored
'
blush
RR s.1s.1
ororor 33 my.jn
R
double-red
li carnsceni
myjn
W
flesh-colored
R s.1
3
myjn
VV
or
whitish
i* albicans
myjn D.Pu
R Levant 1629.
1823. RR s.1si Bot mag 1050
oror 23 myjn
/fVj.it-1 Dec.
lobed
Turkiih
7817 peregrina
H.
K.
RR S.Is.1
or
2 myjn Pu
compcta
compact
or
2
my.jn
Pu
?Grevillil
Greville's
RU s.1si Bot. reg. 819
2
my.jn
Pk
Canda
ertica
pink
Pu Levant
oror 2 myjn
paradoxical
7819fimbriata
paradixaLindl.
And. early
R s.1 Sweet a.gard19
my.jn Pu
double-fringed oror 3la myjn
RR
Pu
7820
mollis
And.
soft
or
2 myjn Pu
Anderson's
78-21
arictinaAnd.
And.
comely
7822dec6ra
RR si
ororor 22 my.jn
myjn Pu
Pu
.Pallas'l
eltior
Poliosis
R s.1
2
my.jn
Pu
..
tall
or 2 my Pu Spain 1633. R 8.1 Bot mag.
7R23 humilie W.
mag- Hg
dwarf
Jagged-leaved or 2 my.jn Pk Siberia 1788. R si Bot
7824 tactniata
anmala W.
Pall.n.2.lSS
Pali,
1.
2.
t
85.
R
s.1
2
my.jn
R
Siberia
178S.
oror 3 my.jn R Siberia 1765. R s.1 Bot mag. 9a>
7825
mule
7826 hybrida
tenuiolUW..
TRIG NIA319. 1790. s.p Bot i
120a
HlBBERTIA.$ l J 4 DiUcniacex.
rayo YY Sp.
N.N. S.W.
7827 HIBBER'TIA.
volftbllis Rep. H. twining
1803. ip Bot mag. !
Holl.
Gooscberry-lvd 3 i | or 23 mr.au
7828
grossulariszflia
Sal.
...
Y
N.
Holl. 1816. sp Bot reg. S
toothed
Js_
i
I
or
7829 dentta R. Br.
Sp. 26- -53.
T1204. DELPHI'NIUM. W.Chinese
Larkspur. 3t or 2 Ranunculace.
S p.1 Bot cab. 71
1819.
B.0 Pu
Tartary
1759.ti. 1 im Eng. bot 18
34 Jl.au
Barbary
doubtl'ul
or
78:11
amblguum
W.
san.
England 1816. D Bot reg. SSI
field
or jnjl Siberia
7832
9t oror 42 jnjl
7833 consolida
cunetum If.
Slev. wedge-ehaped
S r.m
1573.
jnjl
Pk SwtuerL
Rocket
7834
Ajcie
W.
1801. S p.1 Vahl.syni....-;"
1
jnjl
Pu
7815
If. W. broad-lvd
Aconite-like
Q>
oror 1 jnjl Levant
Italy 1629. S p.l Al.pei^3
-ann.
7836 aconit!
pcregrnum
D Junceum Dec.
7837yflore-plno
grandiflrum
W.
7812
ittK.ri/t Utt, Hruptgation, Cuiturt,

121)1.n ronj.h
Cumtra,
curafus,
worked lor
; a i>olishu,g
n.nne given
by eabret,
Aublet am
to ther weapon*. A m1 u
surface,From
are need
in (uvana
,
..",1^'4*hkh
Krows
well
in
sandy
loam
:
cuttinee
root
in
and
un.
1'.
ptiyeician
Paxtninflicted
wae thebyfirstHercules,
to uc thi
agniflcent Howenng
pbn'are.
"ire 3l'lm
1 it P.ci
to "<
ennecian*
'" nioutan,
wour|d
amlil.dim.ntvaneue.8re
iridic
hardy,i e'o..h
1"',1our
and
withopen
theirairnumerous
plants
perfection as when,. ,hey
...
. "u?n 10. ' bear
Winten in the
; but theyvarieties
do not 11'
i
such
pcrfectio
will
nit wlicre
t'he/inav
be protected
the severe
iWf*2?ii,
ground, "
with, ||.CTv.,iiy
t L ' ' ,V"i ,"*l
riIx-""'
cidtmgs,
slip|<drom
off, and
planted:,1:1^
in the
thegrouna,
. .. L . "vcr, M]|l roo fW^lv a.,! mit 4J1
t.
more slender stem than the common The Daurlan. and Mongol, boil the r<* "
U. Ou II.
POLYANDRIA DIGVNIA.
711 tan. ovate .ubrcpand tootntetted rough

JM; 7812*imM'.nea,e.t,te0bLgUllcou,bcnealh
iv .,. Segments oftea, uneûli, cut .m,,,, Lob. ^.^.^
Caja downy erect, Segm. ofleave*3-parted cut and entire ovate-Ianc. flat hairy beneath
7S18
Learcsdowny
lomewhat
shining
coriaceous
glaucous
downy beneath,
Ovarie*beneath
woollyspreading
M9Cap,
straight,
Segra.blistered
ofleave*
many-parted
bluntandsomewhat
wavy glaucous
hairy
TK) Cap downy straight, Segm. ofleaves oval-lanc. flatlobed imbricatedbeneath cswioue hairy
^\
fans, downy
arcuatespreading,
oflva,3-parted
3-lobedand
decurrentovate-obL
flathairybeneath
~ Caps,
pubescent
spreading, Segm.Segra.
ofleaves
oblongpinnatitid
blunt hairy
beneath
Caps, 5smooth
somewhatdepressed
pilose nearly
ofleaves
3-5-parted
villous
beneath.
Lobes obi. entire
<MCaps.
blunt,erect,
Segm.Segm.
ofleaves
smooth
pinnated,
Lobes
lane acuminate
Cap*,
pubescent,
Segments
of
leaves
smooth
many-parted.
Lobes
linear
<mCap*, downy spreading, Segm. ofleave* smooth many parted, Lobe*linear
TRIGYNIA.
^^ZT' Ube,""Mrdlrt""-
"ni m I
xes smooth
pe.
pul>esc.
>wardi
talk.
ret,,or.cr,anca,vx
7837,1
seeds j mU-30
Muccllancous
Particular,
es?*
mMcinZnn Xn mrB'ea^CAnl"im,V''
Msrs. oAndorra,
LSZt'"'
t,ele crowns a root
t
'araod
n am.'iaT"
the
Linnoan SeSociety
UI'*uc"
i"
SS."%SS!4!
the
transactA"ce of.. lne
ran,,,,.
J
~r
George
H,l1bcn",L''Zh"'m"'''"
ax
T" Hanls nf SVV
^ wh"""
. "-'"Wan
>", on ccoun, or the resemblance between ,hc nllr, of tie
474
POLYANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
CiauXIIL
7838 cheilnthum M Doronlnsk i or 2 Jn D.B Siberia 1819. D p.l Bot.rei.i7S
7839
intermedium
Bet S5
it 1 11
7SWcltum
If. If. palmated
common Bee
or
or If
6 jn.s Silesia
Siberia 1710.
1597. DDpip.l Mill,
Sch. haa.lt1
......
monttinum Dcif.
Dec revolte
7841
^1
or
or 3 jn.s
jn.e P.B
7842 revoltum
h?bridum W.
hairy
Siberia 1794. DD pipi
7843
mcsoleucum
1822. Dpi
Dpi Mil t.t-
7844 hirtitum
exallftumP.S.
W.Link, white-eyed
American 51
oror 3S jn.jl
jl au B.V N. Amer. 1758.
7845
azreum
Ph. Dec. netted-capsuled
axure
5i oror 4 jl.au
L.B Siberia
Carolina 1805.
DDpi
pi
7846
dictyocrpum
jnjl
1SI7.
7847
tricme
Ph.
three.horned
5
or
"jLau
N.
Amer.
1806.
D
7848 urceoltum If. hollow-leaved or 2 jl.au
180L D p.lpl Bot
Bot cab.
mag.SW91
7849
flexmisuin
Bieb.
wavy
5
or
2
jLau
Caucasui
1820.
D
pl
7850
pale-yellow 5^ or
or 23 jn.jl
jn.jl W Siberia
Iberia 1823.
p.l
7851 ochrolecum
laxiflrum DecSie, loose-flowered
... DD pl
7852
punfeeum
W.
scarletflowered5
or
4
jl
R
Siberia
1785.
D
p.l
7853 staphisgria If. en. Stavesacre
or 2 ap.au L.B & Europe 1596. S Wood, t IS*
7854
en. panicled
i Q or 4ljap.au
Europe 1816.
7855 plctum
KcquicniiIf. Bec.
Kequien's |Q)or
my.jn KB
I* &Majorca
1824. SS
6J
t!205.
ACONITUM.1.
W. panicled
Woir-'s-BaNtt i or 3 Ranunculocex.
Sp. 20-22.
7856
panUnlfhirn
jn.i
Pa.B
France
1815.
D
Bot
cab
7857
1794. DD Bot.
mag VNUS* .atr
7858 ochrolecum
lycctonum W.W. palc-white
great-yellow ii or
or 33 jn.a
jLau LY
Y Caucasus
At ofEur.1596
Jac.au.t4.
7859jap6nicum If Japan
S or 6 jn Japan 1790. D CO
7860
jn.au P.Y
P.W S.Pyrenees
Europe 1597.
7861 variegatum
An'thora If.If. variegated
wholesome 5 oror 5Ujn.au
1596. I)Deo Jacaust.itSB
7862 pyrenicum
If. Pyrenean
11 or
or 34 jn.jl
YB.T Siberia
Pyrenees 1820.
1739. D Bot ca ,?
7863
versicolor
Step.
many-colored
jn.s
7864 septentrionale If. northern
S or 4 jl au N. Europe 181. DDeo
1. dan. t !
7865 lbum
W. If. rostrate
white
J or
or 43 jl.au
Levant 1752.
.
7866
cam'manim
jn.s W
Pu Switaerl.
1752. DD BotcaD.au
rottratum
Bernh.
7867
tortutum
W.
en.
twisting
1
or
jl.au
P.B
1812.
D
7868 neomontinum W. mountain 5 or 3 jl.au Europe 1799. Deo Barr.lc.to.

7869
specioaum P.tuto.S. shewy
S or S2 jljn.jlau P.Y Siberia 1807.
1823. D
7870
7871 barbitum
biflrum Fisch. hairy
two-flowered Sa
i or i jn.jl P.B Siberia 1817. Deo
D
7878 Napllua WIf.
Monk's-hood 3 or 44 jn.jl
mv.jl Tauna
Europe 1596
7873ta<iricum
aurian
1752. Deo
D JacK.it
7874
twining
J oror 26 jLau
jl.au Siberia
7875 voldbile
uncinatumIf. W. American
N. Amer. 1799
1768. DM
Deo Bot. trug- ....
PENTAG YNIA.
1S06..TRACHYTEI/LA.
Dec. Taacm-ntLta.
Sp. 1-2. 1823. pJ,
7876 Aetata Ore.
rough-leaved
|_ cu 6 DUleniaccx.
... W China
7847 - aMil*. 7848
7856

pcrcnrii* "'"Tor
plant and the imaginary figures of the dolphin. The species arc shewy "nu^ a, putes, blue, P"0"'
border
flowen
The
leaves
are
generally
much
divided,
and
the
Bowers
in
1 ^
fW
red ; never yellow or any shade of that color.
,
o-t powerful vulnerar),.
D. consolida,
comoUdare,
; it annual,
being formerly
aPMtauette,
Fr, (from
Rittersporn,
Gr., tois unite
a shewy
with blue,reputed
pink, lis"
pu/Pie, a. /white OT?*V,
of vat oima<.
rj'olM
double
andto double.
D. AIAjacis,
.'
as only
..- 1**7\\%*-.
: are""
likened
the letters
A,Disso'callen
by someisbKWraMtr
considered
a... variety of th
e .. . . both
tM ' int
^
grown
border
annuals.
elatum
shrubberies.
uiof pustn*
roan;
culture.as The
species
are extremely
difficultwellto adapted
distinguishforfrom
each other, anu ' probably
r
I**. JamUmsn.
So called
fromandgrowing
about Acona,
a town
hdght,oij
planu ofwith
some
beauty
The stems
rise offromBithynia.
w J^Jg""
^ loow ês
rnished
many
digitateconsequence.
or palmate leaves,
and terminated
bytwopanic
iicrioti*PlflnL
yellow
flowers. from "I. <n>P.
ip,
it.
grumou.
root,
k^Cco.''''"^.
I tanS4*11"".
it
grumoua
roots
resembling
little
turnips,
is
a
well
oot
acraw
"*," th
goau, especially when they come"' treshto
wiihViT "i'''
"ml "11 1" fatal
'ata! toto kine
ki no and
1 itry. It. an w (from
injur,
to
horVes,
who
eat
it
only
when
lSf'b-'.'hat.
it
doe.
surgeon
prescribed
the leaves,
and on"lth
the ''^'^,1,5,
regard?
took ih ^5U^ lllat an ignorant rh8U1
ancients,
who were
acquainted
=nfuâ
of
Uie
hert
its,
who
ne
T""
by 'irU2S
ft" t* 01 '
Bower
SS" "'"'ont
of sei
all
Some tons,
nower S,by al
the nostrils,
ha0 been
tits, andonlyhave
lost their sight .o.
ii. m.
POLYANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
Mb
*1S
DilSil'
... uku atoase, Leaves downy 5-lobed, Lobecunate
at baePetf.tntid
cut, Spui
u, tjowMcuticrr.
bractcaL
in
7841 Petiole*sheathingatbaie,
Petioles notdilatedatbase,Lvs.
Lvt.many-part,
orbicularcord.
LobRacemeclose,
cut acute deflexed.
Bracte3, Ovariessmooth
1)1III
TW
with5-fld.
lin. lobes,
Spurstraightlonger
than flower
78*3
Lvs.
somewhatdilatedatbase,
Segra
cuneiform
serr.
cut
in
front,
Stemupwards
and
peduncles
pubescent
78** Petioles not dildcd at base. Lvs. flat trifid
bevond
thelobt*,
m.ddle,.1
cuneiform
tntidatend
at theend
acuminate
7WPBt*5ir.ditatatbaie,Lrs.3.5-part.
inultif.
with
lin
straight.
Pet
beard,
:
low
very viU.
78 Pet
Pet. mtii.butsc.tr.
scar dilat. atbase,
Lvs.atbase,
3-7-lob Lv.5-nar.
1 obi. Lobes
. cutpinnatifid
: up.sh..'i-part
Caps.
nett, refl.
at keelfromandedgecil.
ilia 78*8
"8*7
sheath,
3-5.fid
lin. I'et.
thancuneiform
cal. Cape.
theiratbase
Petiole*
notdilatedat
base,
leavesconcavelievondthe
middletrifid,
I-obes
cut
acuminate
end
78*9 Petiolessheathingatbase,
Petio. not dilat atbase, Lvs.5-lob
with cutlobe*,
Bractelonger
lin. Caps,
7S5u
Lvs. many-par.
with lin.Stem
subul.flexu.
segm.andpetioles
FL puliese.hairy.
Spur acute
than smooth
flowers
7851
Pet. notdilat atbase,
Lvs. Lvs.
3-7-lob.
with obL mcin lin.
cut lobes,
pinnatRae.
lobes,long,.Spurstraight
lax branch. blunt
Hractcslonger
and ovaries
pub.
M Spur
Petiolessheathing
atbase,
many-parted
pedicel
7*33
very short, Bracteoles
inserted
atbaseofpedicel,
Petioles
hairy,
Pedicels
twice
as4
Ioiik ; than
- 785*Spurscarcelyshorterthan
caL
Bracteoles
inserted
at
bas*
Pedicel,
Klioles
halrv
P,Sh*
b-lunt
than
pe<W,
7855Spur nearly as long as calyx, Bracte* inserted tod
! ' at CsWofwaLc*^" ,1W,cv 0"S as flower
T85fiPBn Avaricating, Branch^ T
WnuAH. Ofpedicel, Petioles!liairv^
[than ,0,,*
flower
.
-* p. I Br h
* , in frone, Bp
7866
Cuss XUX
rOLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
-476
Ranunculaeex. Sp. 41
.
Ph.BlackBugwort.
7877 CIMICl'FUOA.
Serpentaria
Ph. W.
Snakeroot m 3 jn.jl W.T N. Aroer. 1732.
.tri.ru racemosa
ill4879
4
jn.jl L.Y Siberia 1777. DD p.\|i l Lam.
7878
f'tida W.Ph. stinking
Bot. mag.
W.v N. Amer. 1812.
7879 cordiflia
heart-leaved 3lftj A mt-u 34 jn.jl
7880 palmta Ph.
palinated
i cu jl.au W.v N. Amer. 1812. D fl Bot. mag. l
Sp. 813.1752. D Goua.ilLt.iafl
tI208. AQUILE'GIA. W. clammy
Couimbise. or I Ranunculacea.
Montpel.
7K81
viscosa
W.W.
2 my.jn
my.jl Pu
BriUin
fields. I) Eng. bot 27
common
t*r
7882flore
vulgaris
my.jl W.B Siberia 1822. DD
double-flowered J5 A oror 21| my.jl
pleno
glandular
7883 glandulsa Fisch. green-flowered ^ or my.jl G.V Siberia 1780. D Jacq.itl.Llffi
7S84
D Bot mag- 1221
7885 viridiflra
bicolor P. S.PaiL two-colored i or 2 my.jl Pu Siberia
hybrida
B.
M.
D Bot
cab.
1
my.jn
B-a
SwitzerL
1731.
788fi
alpina W.
Alpine
BotroagSle
my Pu
K.0 Siberia
N. Amer. 1640. 1)n 8.
7887
s p Bot reg.922
11
my.jn
7888 canadensis
atropurpreaW.W.en. Canadian
dark-purple
Sp. 6- S Bot mag. 23
120P. NIGEI/LA. W. Fennel-Flower or 2 Ranunculaee.
jn.s W.a
LB &S. Euroi
7889damascna
W common
Europe 1570.
171,!. S 5.1 Zom. ie. 119
oror Iljn.i
dwarf
789
coarctta
jn.s
LB
Egypt
han.. tl45
small
78M sativa W.
W.u Germany 1548.
1683. 1.18.1 Seh.
wor 14jn.s
field
Bot mag.
7892arvnsis
W.
jn.s B.w
Spain
1629.
Spanish
7*"
;
hispnica
W.
Bot
mag- 130*
s.l
I|jn.s
Y
Syria
1699.
or
yellow
7894 orientlis W.
Ficoidca*.
Sp.
1.
1210.
REAUMU'RIA.
W.
REArmiuRiA.
1SO0.
L
.p
Botreg.&
7895 hvperieoides *. Hypericum-like- ) pr 2 jl.o Pu Syria
limjiia P. L.
Sp.
1. 1803. L P.l Roxb.COtt
1211.
Salttb.
Colbertia.J or 15 DUIcniaceee.
broman.
mr.ap Y Coron
7890 COLBEKTIA.
coromandelinaSa/.
Coromandel
milemaccx.
Sp
123.
1212.
TETRA'CEltA.
L.
Tetracera.
S. Leone 1822. L P-i
787 poUt6ria Afz.
Water Vine S_ or 20
POLYGVNU.
Nymphcece.
1213. NELUM'BIUM. J. Sacred-.
d 1787. Rm.iBotmag.953
in.au
7898 specisum
W.
Indian
E)'
Caen. Sea 1822. R m.s
..... Pk
Pk
cas'jdcum
Fisch.
Caspian
or
Y Carolina 1810. R m.a
7899 Kiteum W.
yellow-floweredi El or
7878

f
\t
1207. Cimictfuga.
FromC.cimex,
a bug,isand
tosuccess
drive byaway,
*JLT North
America,<*
iupposed
possess.
The
usedJugo,
withTall,
the indicating
native practitirmen
for
curingto the
dangerous
biteseri>entaria
of the rattlesnake.
leaf/ herbaceous
plants, wuu "
Acta- Aquilegia. From aquila, an eagle ; the inverted epurs of the flower have
- been- likened to theinhabitant
taloM*of
bird1208.of prey.
The species are smooth-leaved, handsome-flowered plants. A. vuigana
i* ^
the
border
plantaffirms,
has beenthat
^ lost~their lives by -it
ciousflower
natural
order,: the
andwhole
Linnteus
children have
somest species.
e od.,
1209.
b'inelta.
From
n/gir,
black,
because
of
the
color
ofthe
Une
fut
leave
like fennel
_ J species are curious or neat little plants, with hifine
cut which
leaves *!*8
fnne ^ N. w ind
cookery.
The
sativa
are
sown
as
hardy
annual
flowers
;
and
on
the
continent,
the
lcavand^*'
leaves
andare
sec
w be cxts"M'
N, arvensis, are used in cookery instead of more expensive aromatice. They
used tn the adulteration
of
pcpiier.
r
author
of w"
-4ks;SoHistoire
named des
by Hasselquist,
honor
Insectes, cin He
diedofinRen6
1757.A. F.A desmallW*!,.*
caauous p.
,!\lalle of hrightNamc<1
lilac flowers.
, w r ,r.objKts.
: *
tbe.P.*.SrX*ns
.1,;:""'':'!Salisbury
the planted
famous therein
Colbert,in alieupatron
", .
l\lu, 45?. "!"' h" S"
nIl,,lUb?thMr-vine
which
had been
of more
curious
plT.!',:.w.h,U'ave bke those of Dillenia 4iecioea.
of If
capsul
horns ii, ,rera- F'om ., four, and
<climlicrs
ind .-<-
.r.-, a hom,
because
... fournaked
, , leaves, 0,Ij;.",h,."modc
Tho.S"^Jealternate stalked
sulked
... :
ZI ,ri,'le<1 "'acemose. often
The leaves
arewithremarkablo
remarkable
as an eltcmplilicatioi.
exemplification
mi
,V,i,
,,'
M"ecandollo
calls
feather-nerving.
..n tthe genus
oreclasS n Th,, i, called in Ceylon Nct.mta Sir James Smith proposed. ,to ah
J bfW
asth..plLn'N,0i.C'I'""f.butithabeen
remarked,
that
it
remains
to
be
proved
th
i -"^ H. speciosum is a native both of the East and West Indies, Chma, Cocmn-v"" d ]vm
. IV.
POLYANDRIE PENTAGYNIA.
DI) lt. ? ?>!""* i:ub'e,,ill,,'c' ''I Raceme

Iii >unrie Iiis in a ruundih head, "
nvate-Ianc. cut toothed
Sa:Dil kr
f Dikl
Sj>un incurved twice hrt as petal. Ui
D>DD>
De lai
tajrtt rar
W W tobe,Tha",; .^."^"SaU
Ink*nth*"
ISSS
Î^S
WÛiSS;*,
sStaSi^
'-""edatback.
Stem erectd,^.
.nS?,, Branche erect
*l"*nib, with narrow
!*~'-000 * "i te long 6 be*,
'
-.7898
ad MUcellantotu
t
fetât?!?* Thunherg '/teuton.
'"^ titt ,ft?isai'r"""a;" "Urin,"o,
* ihcrc
i China,
and I "
l1'K.'other ,4,ther
tnerija. Louroiro relate h, , m"
larB
'""""I
variety
hand,
iandome pota in t o , " "'"J""1' "> muddy
Jul*
!
Ur,'a';"fof '"Pf"ieill
"f I". mono,
re ouciitlV prraenlcd to the ilr'S',
" c Il : ZI
"Uch ?'"Sh
value !
,om,!
"8h1 '^
""
t k,?l?";,C
' the Chinese have alwaya
SSÔmSSS l^' regarded 5 . ^^^
too
.onlyomewhat
.crvod ,,ofithc.tzo
.ncVand form
ith- ofJ
oil are
pond,
are
generally
coved
with
nu
the Howcr* are no k fragrant ,|,an nad.
from lbfrom.tructure,
ermonandmolfru.tha.,an.ing
it, celt"growL .
he Mom ...-et hub to a.eond in the
,"er wa, h,d" . ',, 'ourol in that couritry I
ipposed to have prepare.!

ich circumstance .orne
ith extreme care
the
478
POLY AND RIA POLYGYNIA.
Class XIII.
1214. DILLENIA. W.
DilleN1A.
7900 specisa W.
large-flowered in D tim 30
Dilleniaceae. Sp. 1-9.
1215. ILLI*CIUM. W.
7901 floridanum W.
Magnoliaceae. Sp. 2-3.
7902 parviflrum W.
A Niseed-Tree.
red-flowered
* - or
yellow-flowered a -l or
1216, LIRIODENDRON. W.
7903 tulipifera W.
obtusiloba
Tulip-tREE.
Common
obtuse-lobed
or
or
f*Ic17. MAGNO'LIA. W. MAGNoLIA

7904 grandiflra W.
a cliptica
Sobovta
7 lanceolata
790.5 glauca Ph.
7906 longiflia Ph
7907 conspicua H. K.
M. Yulan Dec.
7908 obovta W.
7909 tomentsa Thunb.
M. gracilis Thunb.
M. Kobus Dec.
Laurel-leaved
Jerruginous
broad-leaved
long-leaved
decidu. swamp
evergr. swamp
Yulan
purple
spl
spl
spl
spl
or
or
-J or
...
* - or 6 apjn Pu
* or 20 mrap Pu
slender
$7910 pamila W.
dwarf
* LJ or 4 ja.d
brown-stalked * u_J or 3 ap.my
8 annna-folia P. L. small-flowered *U or 3 mp.my
7912 cordta Ph.
heart-leaved
*
or 40 jn.jl
7913 acuminta JV.
bluish-flowered
or 60 my.jl
7914 triptala W.
umbrella
or 30 my.jn
7911 fuscta H. K.
M. umbrella Lam.
7915
Ph.
long-leaved
7916 auriculata W.
ear-leaved
7917 pyramidta Ph.

-
''
pyramidal
-
A2
8 apjn R
Florida 1766
6 my.jn Y
Florida
1790.
Magnoliaceae. Sp. 1.
60 jn.j
Y.R. N. Amer. 1663.
60 jn.jl
Y.R Pensylv. 1663.
Magnoliaceae. Sp. 14-17.
20 jn.o
W
Carolina 1734.
20 jn.o
W.
Carolina 1734.
20 jn.o
W.
Carolina 1734.
20 jn.o
W
Carolina 1734.
20 jn.s
W.
N. Amer. 1688.
20 jns
W.
N. Amer. ...
30 fap
W
China
1789.
W
Br
Br
Y.w
Y.G.
W.
or 30 jn.jl
W.
or 40 ap.my W.
or 20 ap.my W
Ex. bot. 1. t. 2,3
L s-p Bot. mag. 439

L.
S. s.l.
S. s.l
Vent cels.22
Bot mag. 275
L 1.p
L. l.b.
Llp
L. Lp
S. p.
S. p.1
G. p.
Bot. rep. 513

Bot. 1ep. 518
Mich. arb. t. 1
Bot. mag. 2164
Bot mag. 1621
China
China
1790. L. p.l
1804. L. p.l
Bot. map. 300

Par. lonca 87
China
China
China
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
1786.
1789.
1804.
1801.
1736.
1752.
Bot mag.97?
Bot mag. 1008
Par. lond. 5
Bot. cab. 474
Bot. cab. 418
Mich. arb. t. 5
C
L.
L.
L.
L.
L.
p.1
p.
p.1
s.l.
s.l.
s.l
N. Amer. 1800. S p.1 Bot. mag. 2189

Carolina 1786. L p.1 Bot. mag. 1206
Carolina 1811. G. p. Bot rec 407
| 70
\\,79%

modern attempts to cultivate it in Europe, though with the assistance of artificial heat, seldom have
succeeded.
Dr. Patrick Browne is of opinion that the ancients confounded two plants under the name of Lotus or
Egyptian bean, and that under these titles they described the upper parts of the Nymphaea Nelumbo, and the
roots of the iesser Colocasia, now commonly called coccos in Jamaica, Arum Colocasia. (Jam. 243. 332.)
In our stoves the Nelumbium should be grown in a tub or large pot, in a rich loamy soil, and requires a
strong heat to flower in perfection. The pot or tub should be kept full of water all the time the plants are
growing, but may be allowed to get dry when the flowering season is over. The plants may be increased by
dividing at the root, but it is obtained more readily from seeds, which vegetate
(Bot. Cult. 83.
Kent of Clapton says, that the seeds will keep forty years, vegetate freely, and flower the first year.
(Hort. Trans. iii. 36.)
1214. Dillenia. So named by Linnaeus, in honor of John James Dillenius, the famous professor of botany at
Oxford, author of Historia Muscorum, Hortus Elthamensis, &c. The species are beautiful trees, with large
leathery leaves, and axillary or terminating flowers often also large. They thrive best in a light loamy soil.
Ripened cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, strike root freely, in a pot of sand plunged under a
in
heat Good seeds sometimes arrive from India, when the sooner they are sown the better; placed in a
moderate hot-bed frame, they will succeed well. (Bot. Cult. 50.)
1215. Illicium. From illicio, to attract, on account of its agreeable perfune. I. floridanum has very fragrant
leaves, and capsules having a strong smell of anise when rubbed. This species, and more, especially anisatum
is powerfully carminative and stomachic. In China it is in frequent use for seasoning dishes, especially such
as are sweet. In Japan they place bundles and garlands of the aniseed-tree in their temples before their idols,
and on the tombs of their friends. They also use the powdered bark as incense to their idols. A branch put
into the decoction of Tetraodon hispidum is supposed to increase the virulence of that poison The bark, finely
is used by the public watchmen to make a cnronometer or instrument for measuring the hours,
y slowly sparkling at certain intervals in a box, in order to direct when the public bells are to sound.
Ripened cuttings will root in sand, but the plant is most readily increased by layers.
,
#
Liriodendron. From Augie", a lily, and 3,382, a tree. The flowers, which may be likened to a lily or
tulip, grow upon one of the loftiest trees of the forest. A smooth tree, not less admired for its fiddle-shaped
leaves, than its tulip-like flowers, which are produced at the end of the branches; they are composed of six
three without and three within, which form a sort of bell-shaped flower, whence the inhabitants of
worth America gave it the title of tulip. These petals are marked with green, yellow, and red spots, making
a fine appearance when the trees are well charged with flowers. When the flowers drop the germ swells, and
forms a kind of cone, but it does not ripen in England.
The timber is used in America for canoes, but is unfit for boards or planks, as it contracts and expands more
than the wood of any other tree.
The tulip tree is now very common in Europe; in the south of France and Italy, it is frequent in public
"'
avenues, and flowers when twenty or thirty feet high, and of six or seven years growth. In Britain it requires a
ORnER V.
POLY ANDRIA POLYGY NIA.
479
7900 Leaves elliptic oblong simply serrated, Peduncles 1-flowered

7901 Petals 27-30 purple: outer oblong; inner lanceolate
79.2 Petals 9-12 yellowish ovate roundish
7903 Leaves truncate at end with two broad opposite stipules
7904 Leaves evergreen oval-obl. coriaceous shining above ferrugineous beneath, Flowers erect with 9-12 petals
7005 Leaves elliptical blunt glaucous beneath, Flowers with 9-12 contracted petals which are ovate concave
7906 Like the last, but leaves evergreen elliptical acute at each end
7907 Lvs. deciduous obovate abruptly acuminate the younger pubescent, Flowers naked erect with 6-9 petals
7908 Lvs. deciduous obov. acute netted nearly smooth, Fls, erect, Sepals 3, Petals 6 obovate, Styles very short
7909 Lvs. decid. obov. point. at each end, younger downy ben, old ones smooth, Fls. erect, Sep. S, Pet. 6, Styles
[very short
7910 Leaves evergreen smooth netted ellipt. acuminate at each end subglaucous, Flowers cernuous
7911 Leaves evergreen elliptic obl.: the old smooth; younger and branches fuscous downy, Flowers erect
7912 Lvs. deciduous heart-shaped subovate acute, above smooth, beneath somewhat tomentose, Pet. 6-9, obl.
7913 Leaves deciduous oval acuminate pubescent beneath, Petals 6-9
7914 Lcaves deciduous lanc. much spreading, younger downy beneath, Petals 9-12, the outer hanging down
7915 Lvs. deciduous very large obl. obov. subcuneate cordate at base, beneath whitish glaucous, Pet. 6-9 ovate
7916 Lvs. decid smooth spatulate obov. subcord at base, Auricles blunt close, Sep 3 much spread. Pet. 9 oblong
7917 Lvs. decid. smth spatul. obov. subcord at base, of same color on both sides, Auric spread. Pet. 9 lanc. acum.
Si.
Aft
7911
*~
RA
7909. A
* 7912 is
--
7915
7916 &
greater age, though ringing might probably be successfully applied to throwing this and other ornamental
trees into a flowering state.
ere are many fine old trees round London, in the parishes of Fulham,
Walham-green, Kew, &c., and a very fine one even so far north as Pitcaithly wells in Fifeshire.
1217. Magnolia. In honor of Pierre Magnol, professor of medicine, and
of the botanic garden at
Montpelier; author of Botanicum Monspeliense, 1676, and other works. T e species are chiefly large trees
with large leaves, and axillary flowers, also very large and highly odorous.
M. grandiflora is the noblest species ; the leaves, which are persistent, are nine or ten inches long, and
not unlike those of a common laurel. The flowers are produced at the ends of the branches: they are very
large, and composed of eight or ten petals, narrow at their base, but broad, rounded, and a little waved at their
extremities; they spread open very wide, are of a pure white color, and have an agrerable scent.
The variety g. elliptica or Exmouth (having been raised from the seed of an old tree in Sir John
Collington's garden of that place) flowers earliest and most freely: it is also the hardiest.
M. glauca is deciduous. In America it is known by the names of white laurel, swamp sassafras, and
beaver tree. It has the last name, because the root is eaten as a great dainty by beavers; and this animal is
by means of it. Kalm says, these trees may be discovered by the scent of the blossoms at the distance
of three quarters of a mile, if the wind be favorable. It is beyond description pleasant to travel in the woods
at the flowering season, especially in the evening. They retain their flowers for three weeks, and even longer.
The berries also look very handsome when they are ripe, being of a rich red color, and hanging in bunches on
slender threads. They cure coughs and other pectoral diseases by putting these berries into brandy, and
giving a draught of the liquor every morning. The wood is made use of for joiners' planes. Dillenius
remarks, that the flowers never open in a morning, that the calyx falls off at the second opening of the flower,
but that the petals dry on, and that the scent resembles that of the lily of the valley, with a mixture of
aromatic.
M. conspicua is much valued as a free flowerer, and on account of the early appearance of its white
odoriferous blossoms. Yulan is the vernacular name in Japan.
M. acuminata bears a fruit about three inches long, like a small cucumber, and is thence called cucumber
tree in America.
M. tripetala has leaves twelve or fifteen inches long and five or six mches wide, narrowing to a point at
each extremity, and placed at the ends of the branches in a circular manner like an umbrella, whence its
name.
The flowers are composed of ten, eleven, or twelve large oblong white petals; the wood is soft and
spongy, and the leaves drop off earlier than in the other deciduous sorts.
The different species, Sweet observes, are generally increased by layers or seeds: when the layers are first
taken off they should be potted in a mixture of loam and peat, and placed in a close frame till they have
taken fresh root None of the leaves should be taken off or shortened, nor any shoots be cut off, or their tops
shortened, as they will not succeed so well; for the more branches and leaves are on them, the sooner
they will strike fresh root. . . Most cultivators cut off many of the leaves and shoots of layers, when
they are first taken off, thinking the roots will not have so much to nourish, which is the very reason
Class XIH.
POLYANDRIE POLYGYNIA.
480
MlCITRLlA.
nto 1779. U
7918 .
Champca W. w. weet-Bcented J tm ,
20 ATT tinte, 1794. (J Bkl4
JVARIA.
1219.
UVA'RIA.
W.
Ceylon
%_ or
719 Zeylnica W.
Ci'stard Apple."j Dnr 10 Annonace.
1220.
ANNOTA.
P.
S.
... G.T &.736.
W. Indies 1656. r.m
Sour-sop
r.m Jac.obtl.t5
Trew.ehr. 149
7920muncU
W.Mili. Cherimoyer
18 jl.au Br & Amor. 17;
7921 triptala
CtierimliaVi.
rm
Rlie
malltS
W.o
Amer. 1731.
..
Swect-sop CKr
79-22 paludosa
squamosa W.W.
GW.a S.Guiana
lft

: r.m
rm Rh.m.3.t30,il
marsh
7923
S
Amer.
161.
(_;<"
Qr 6
netted
Y W. Indi 1731. :; rm
r.m PIaim.
Catear, S. t64
Cork-wood
7925 reticulta
palustris W.K
smooth-fruited ! 16 jLau Br Carolina /*.
7946 glbra W.
^.
SpI*
1221.
ARTABOTRYS.
.
Br.
Artabotrys.
S
r.m
Bot reg. *
7927 oiloratifl'sima R.Br, sweet-scented CD or 6 JnJI G China 1758.
U. hexapetala Vi,
Sp.Z-& reg. S35
1222.
GUATTE'RIA.
R$P.
Guatteria. of .
7928
rufous
W Sc. ITS P.l Dun. moa
7929 rfa
virgta.Dun.
Lancewood LJ
tin
Vearia lanceolate Swx.
Abimina.
223.
ASIMINA.
or
930
triloba i"A.Ph.Ai. tritid-fruited
7931 parvifl6ra
dwarf
7930 pygma'a PA.
XVLOPia. * CD or
1224*
XYLO-PIA. (V. rough-fruited
0.1793. .1 jfjft
793dmuricU
emooth-fruited tm
793 glabra W.
Ranuncvlaceic.
Sp. 1*1573. 1)
12S5. HEPATICA. If. Heptica. i or I f.ap Pu Europe
7935m triloba
W.
DD 1.1il
II
J i f.P
I.
.catrlca
f.ap
-
4
or
y cairleo-plna
DD 1.1a.1 tut'
H
red
55 or i J fap
rubra
Itw
double-red
D1) a.1aJ
i J f.ap
fap
red-anth.
white
5
or
is ntbro-plina
Alla
ttuywy-uihiu 5 or f.ap
i nivea
History, Ute. Propagation. Culture,

off,.much.
they
oftena lose
kindroot
shrub !latcr;
, taken
rney
onon
great
part
otof off
theirtill crop
; layers made
orof anyfresh
kiiiu
uiof .ii.uu
fl t ^.e[
often
- a
not
have
single
leaf
taken
they
kinds, arc
long as there is life it will draw up the sap,have
and help the
plant to: supposing
root airean,'iiel!r!'Vhticsc
ine ^
marched
or budded Named
on M. obovata,
whichintakes
readily.
{BotAntonio
Cult. .)
i *?T
1218. Michetia.
by Linnieus,
honor
of Pictro
Micheli,
0C Finance,
fcauthor
Dot
agre""
Plantarum
fol. loam,
ujtern,
^
A lofty
tree,
with
fragrant
flowers,
andglassfruit
In our stovesGenera,
it growsFlor.
well1729,
in light
ana
\
c;Jled
[wn
and
cuttings
root
in
sand
under
a
an
i bunches like a_a small bunch of rapes,
grapes, ^^'j^biTsme
when
. 1219. U-rla. The fruit grows in-ered
of**
specific
for
gonorrhoea,
and
are
useu
from
Uva.
The
berries
are
considered
a
si
These are trees or shrubs with erect or trailing stems, and 1-4-flowcred axillary peaunut umed that tre
1220. Anona.
This is called
the Malays,
and at Banda,
iicl been
it !;.,
lanar'
Europeans
have corrupted
into byAnona.
As themanm,
word signifies
in Utin,
food, it has
a. b, lhe
j
inpartthisfruitsense,
because
of
the
habitual
use
made
of
the
fruit
by
the
Americans.
1
-I"
.
,
,.
like
tree., with soft pulpy subacid berries, sometimes as large as an orange, but gem ^ lucrulcntsi1:
ir"
muricatato isnew-comers
common in__jeverv savannali
of Jamaica,
in the spring,
" n
r eâmonB;
J
i._.^ -.:..
. ..,
t.is cnso .
and so iinui
(he imit,
is A.agreeable
but 'itflowering
negroes,
that it is now hardlyandeverov'er-heated
used amonghabits
the ;better
sort
of common,
KHiple. Tne emeumueai
flowers, and whole plant, resemble very much those of black currants. , oblong, acaly the
A. triptala
is a large
treeripewith
brightsortgreen
The has
fruitmany
isany ''rown seeds , interai
adark
purple
whenand
; thelarge
flesh
andleaves.
sweet,
and
,,c
their most clicatc
Mg>
i>.
which
are verycolor
smooth
shining.
It isis1,'
esteemed
by
the Peruvians
as_j one
of IMt.i"^
,Iton
ofrfi'M v
A.
palustris'grow
wii'd"in
sti'"mars'hv
jmidca.'d
bears
aeaten,
line
>w^[;K'"mmi.
alustris
gi
'
nwblc
fla,vouU
but
il
"
Mid
to
be
strong
narcotic,
and
is
not
,
'"""used
45
flavoui', wood
cm,trble*,1,after it is whence
dried,
""
alligator
apple.
,,,, of...this tree is so very
! soft, even
.vn 'after
drietl, that
"-j,,.
Kam'it hasit nowWâlly
uni
thpTcii^'"'";
,n,stead ofincorks,
to stop(.)
up their jugs and calabashes
'
br
I r.k-wood
'naica.
be trained
on 1 0, .
orgoodtrellis
S-lr.lruit
<-\~~
in
"'"ur
our
stoves,
these
tneee
trees
require
a
rich
loamy
soil,
rather
moist,
and
to
^
cutting*,
"Z with their the
K'*"Ki"Ki"g
useful.
'
-ul.in Tbev
They are propagated by ripen
go i,
leaves
on, planted
inould
sand, aUo
and beplunged
1 in heat
tu; IV
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
Iii kl 7918 Leaves lanceolate smooth
|l Eu "919 1reslanii acuminate, Pedunc. lateral
solitary 1-flowcrod
ni 7926 Leeres orate lane.

iifcfc 7927 Leaves obi. lane.
covered beneath,
ecordate
very smooth
'
"nîlooed, Lobos entire
1 7933
"hich tin-as
m . 'fnam*
as suggested
by theoncurious
grapplesupport
or tendrilA beautiful
belongingttohiuesc
the peduncle,
|1
an
or
convenicnt|y
suspended
the
nearest
plant,which
culby
ona
an
oikir
lit
n!
.
corpnnlt
to
walls,
as
well
as
on
account
of
the
fragrance
of
the
blossom,
K'diur ind Ouatwria proceedln8 f""11 lhc finer kin<ts of ripe fruit. The genus is intermediate, between
iroieMor'of*ffcrtanvNVnpd 5? the *uthof of the Peruviana, after John Baptist Ouatteri, an Italian
""s"*!
rma- theG- name
virgauof islance-wood,
one theandbestmuch
timberusedtrees
in Jamaica for
strengthto light
and
onuses ItisinjuJ
I untter
by coachmakers
for shafts
4*m!Z,,i *ZZ* ">"ed by Adanson, wit my meaning Shrubs with deciduous, oblong,
^before
the leaves.to the
The properties
species areof natives
of
s*S
of North
'"atbearioKtrt
? synoop.province,
from vas
srotes.,X.hitter
wood,
the wood,
"""ernes
ha,. ''d "
rl"0!ll,,b,,lucb
otcem
asunlike
such.
glaljra
isorange
thein allusion
mostseed.usefulThespecies.
The wood,
bark,
uf"
the
lattlT
,*.Dlc
h,ttcr
taste,
not
that
of
the
wild
pigeons
feed
much
'nor
Weh B,.k mattftom'XCtrli0?hov'
dehrate bitterish flavor, so incubar to them in the season, wholly to this part of
5* food.
?^Frf,S!i'reutLTf'î'"1
this
juice
to ?.?
't' I1?' "HI grateful> idl1
to thea 'stomach.
Eft a" frlsh i but"hthat
drliracv
h "ly
*
.^'nMnSeaS0f
where
it is dimio
SI*1
after
arc driedTheThe
wood's
easilyof
ffiwg>in m d w,tl1 "
(neat facUlt.
?,u h " "Posed
to thetheyweather.
bitter
quality
^^^j^^^'"*
lhc" raout",Md A
>'M &,h "> i";"',-" f'Sft ,*"d to Crm,c PL!*
three
lobes
have Inbeen
its abtutd,,.,,
,,,
"'
lavoritc
of
the
flower
1,
border, bothDfas the
beingleave,
evergreen
its
'ssems and great variety of color, and shade..
Ii
481
Class .
POLYANDRA POLYGYNIA.
es
1122ft
, \ Iianuneulacc<e
ap.my StSt Levant 1596. RR Lpr.l BoL mag. 8+1
7936 AVEMCKNE.
coronaria W. W.tn.double-flowered
Poppy
oror %I ap.my
ap.ray St Italy 1597. R s.p Bot- mag. 13
793^ rirtneie
W.Dec. star
Bot. reg. SU)
RR E.p
ife-tVafd
Portugal 1597.
4
palmated
A or i mv.jn
e.p
7938palmW
1804.
jn YW Siberia
Bot C.1.U03
mag. 216T
Siberian
3t
or
R
e-p
7939 siblrica W.
Siberia
1820.
Jac.
white
5 oror J#5my
Switierl.
1792. RR e.p
7940
lba Jw. W.
W
Bot. mag. 54
Strawberry-like^
s-p
7941
baldneis
Germany
1596.
I
ap.my
W
Clus,
Snow-drop
A
or
R e.p Herrn,icpar.1 1,3t
7942
sylvestris
W.
France
l'e.ieock-eye A or 1 i, ap.my
7943
pavonina
Amer. 1722. RR B.p
my.jn W N.Siberia
e.p
Virginian
7944
virginna
W.
my
W N. Amer. 1824.
176b. RR s.p
7945
Dec.PA. Ural
fll.A2- t.I5 *>-rH
my.jn
sp Un.
Pensylvanian
7946 uralneis
pensylvnica
1
m'v.jn
Pa.w
N.
Amer.
1768.
Mor.s.4.t23.fl
7947
dichtoma
PA. forked
ap.my W France
197 RR 8-p
Eng.
three-leaved
e.p
Britain
woods.
7948
trifha
W.
Eng. bot
bot 3WS
RR .
wood
=- r *t mr.my
woods.
7949
nemorosa
IV.
W
England
blue
mountain
s.p
England
woods.
7950
apennina
W.
i
mr.ap
Y
Bot
mag.
yellow
wood 3t oror my W Siberia 1773. R tp Bot mag. 8*U33
7951
ranunculoides
Narcissus-flow.
R sp Jac auil.tw
7952
na/cissiflra
IV.IT.W. Meadow-rue-lv.
N. Amer. 1768.
l ap.my W
7953
thalictroides
lft">8. RR s-p
w,, Anuria
dan. 1611
Alpine
i oror
or i ilmy D.Pu
s.p Fl.
7954
alpina
W.
en.
Germany
1731.
meadow
5
7955 pratnsie W. en. pale-flowered or i'
P Bot mag. lw
Germany
mymy pu
R
s-p
V
England
ch
pa.
7956
obsoleta
Sim*.
AlLpedt.SL!
com.
Pasque
7957
Pulsatilla
Pu Sw tzerU 8I| R e.p FLmtS
Haller's
P.ft*.8.ii5
oror \f ap.my
7958
Hallri f".L.m,en. Siring
a'p Pa w Switxerl. 17 RR sp
P.
A
B.p Bot mag. IS
7959 Tcrnalis
i
mv.jn
Rw
rooping P.P.fl.fl. 5^ OIor l> LLY Japan
7960crnua
S.bena RS s-P
p.l Bot. mag- n"
7961
IV.fV.ce.
en.
_ \ I or 1 mr.ap Pu . G. H.
7962 ptens
capcnsis
L." *
Atrageni
rep. W
t*1227. CLEMATIS. L. Virgin's
12if mv.jl
^J' g Bot
PalLn2.'
Alpine Bo
$7963
austriaca
H.
K.
inmAn
il W
SAustria
uena
Bot. mag.
Siberian
15
Pu
N.
Aracr.
1797.
L
4
7964
simnea
H.
K.
American
57965 verticUris Dee.
L lleno.reg.tiritTS
H.. glaucous
.w
1 or" op Pa.Y
14". LL Bot
7966
glauca
If.
VJ Silxrift
lndtet 18SU.
Ilea. obsthedysarum-lv flft.
7967
hedysarifolia
Dec.
W.G
China
Hot
mag
_|(>r
Chinese
7968
chinensis
Retz.
1596.
W.u
S>am
ft. mrap
I.L s.1fcl Bot mag. S>
evergreen
79(S cirrhaa iV.
1776.
nn.
W.v
Japan
large-flowered
7970Q flrida
IV.
W.T
double-om'rctl I
vlno
15SL S Bot mBg-5t
jn.s Pu
purple
JL
79713 Viticella
IV,
Pu N. Amer. 17 LS Di.el.H)m
doable-purple
plena
Ueno,mag.
mil
7
leathery-flower.T
LL .P
7972
Virna
ISIS.
Pu N.
pipl Bot.
netted
IR
7973
retieultaW. PA.
1802.
N.N. Amer.
Amer.
Bot
mag. *11
lu
L
7974 cylndrica
. . long-flowered
17
Pa.pu
Amer.
Bot
mag
il
\
7975
. M.*. curled-flowered
Y.w Minorca 1783. Di.el.tU9.tl4S
Minorca
ft.
7976 crispa
balerica
Y.w Iânt
calycina
W.
8
jl.o
N. Amer. Inl7. Sk
s.p DenoMint
7977
1515 jn.au
7978 orientlis
virginina W.W.
lndiM
L -P Slo.ial.tlf"
Bot regmy.jn G.Y \V.
N.
Holl.
1812.
7979
dioica
W.
1512 my.au
C. G. ft - L ip Bot i
7980
arislta .o.d .
7981 brachita
tud plaW ni11111

' .;,.,, From ffMf>( wind,Uhtory,
becauseUse,
the Propagation,
greater |iart ofCulture,
the JJJJJJ*^ horiensi* are *JUak^!dexposed
to
the
wind.
The
species
are
ehewv
flowering
plants,
and
A.
c?r.onrl""';
almost
any
ailin
win
nonti
7
,
The pre*Mar'
florista' flowers, valued for their hardy nature, and also bemuse they will
ttower w
Ing
timewhite,
the roots
ground, and the season hen they are replant^
colorsto the
are red,
andareblue,keptandout of the
are
not named
by the
*g",
and
pinka. The
rootwhich
of onemonea
arc aolid
flattened
masse
like 'hose
of finger.
*U
to citen.
bygreat
division.
A
root
has
remained
in
the
soil
two
or
three
years,
d
11
,
d
,c
root
are"Vijie
" yd
breadth, hut is stdl only one root ; and hence the mode of sale 1 by weignb .
when
planted.
1
'a fresh loam, rather heavy or light. Theujuuj
. timc^0f pljnted
11,5- (lie
end
or*?i1.,,Krcr,'"i
b>'
tne
anemone
is
1.,
"""'and4>etoroou
inches;every
butmonth
to haveinantheearly
the)' mo
m ) ênnerw
"ognmins of September,
havethree
a bloom
year,bloom
plant every
Oint, JV.
Lili Hi
POLTANDRIA POLYGYNiA.
Leave tenate eith miiltifi^
"IcIiI M'
I".
l: !"
lu t'
*'
(4!*F*
14*'.
.
7975
5"?* .,
K.e
,^ ,,,
yen; o jroun cuttin. . ...J '

* massig tesst*
" Po, and placed m a hadv ui
Ii 2
48
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
484
... SL .p
G. H. hed
iaip
Eng.
7q82 Mawniana Dec. Maseon'e
KiL th.botS. SBt.
1596.
Traveller's
Joy
7983
Vltalbn
'.
1596. SL
wcet-scented
7984, FlmmuU
W.
round-leaved
rotundtflia
... L
. fragrant Tenore broad-leaved
W
... D Jac.aue.ata>!
W France
S. Europe 1597.
vulgar**
tutrrotv-leaoed
\V
Austria
maritima W.
briL US
1787. DD Pp i Dcnd,
upright
W
Austria
7985
erect*
W.
cab.&l
1767.
DD P-1P-l Bot
7986 angustifolia W. narrow,leaved
I,.Y
NAmer.
Bot.
mag
1596.
Hungary
7987
W. eilky
entire-lenved
Hungary ... D V
7988 ochrocca
integriflia
angustiflia W. -~ iv. J or nnunculaceT. Sp. L 1796. L s.p Rox.cor..tl!
1228. NARAVE'LIA. Dec. Naraykli*
... Y Ceylon
7989 reylnica W.
Ceylon
LLJ Ramincuiaeea.
Sp:- t m. D Eng.bAi
l2o THAUCTRUM. W. Headow-Rvie.
irov.jl
W
1640.
7990
Alpine
France
7991 alpinum
f'tidum (.W.
ftrtid
53t AA or jnmy.jl W
1713. DD
W
Spain
7992 tubersura tubcrouwrooted 3 my.jl W N. Amer. 16*0. D Com. can. t
7993 Comiti W.
Canadian
T. eorynellum
N.Hungary
Amer. 1759. DD Jacrind-ft*
7994 dioicum
W. Dec. dk*ciou
England m1794.tbi. DD
7995
eltum
W.
tall
7996
greater
Hungarych.1(89.pa. D Eng. bol
Britain
79i7 mjue
mediumW.W.
middle
D
7998
mhuw
W.
lesser
7999
cotinlnnum
TV.
en.
neat
N. Amer. 1774. DD
8000 rugsum TV.
rough
Siberia
1775.
8001
1806. DD
uquarroie
8002 mrteuH
juarrosumf.W. pubescent
N.Siberia
Amer.
1806.
DD Jac.fbn.yj?
8003
pubescen
/*N.
Amer.
1699.
purple
Germany
173ft
8004
D PL aim- 1"
8005 purpurscens
augustillium W.IT. narrow-leaved
Spain
39.
Britain m.me I)1 COCO Jacauit*shining
BOOS
lucidum
W.
common
Mo.his.lSt)..l
8007
flvum
F.
Austria
1798.
black
8008 nlgricanti TV.
Si, 17 D
glaucous-lcavM
8009 glacum
<*V.
,
1
P..Y
N.Amer.WOj
Deo
W. en.
Finan.*
8010 tpecisum
ranuncullnura
W.en.Ranuiicul.-lvd.
my.jn 1. Y Sweden 1778.
mag- SB
1731. DD Bot
8011
limpie-italked
' L.PU
Austria
Bot.
mai.t11115
1731.
I>
M
8012S simplex
aquilegiflium
W.
Columbme-lvd.
l.Pu
Austria
Mo.hit
1816.
D
dtro-purprnrm dark-purpir
Y
Alsace
1786.
D
scented
8013
galiodes IV.TV.en, sweet
W
crook-seeded
8014
W Sitiera
Dauria 1799. D Bot.cab.S91
8015 contrtum
petalodeura TV, Daurian
Kr.tb.ltA
ADOME,
1230.
AD(FNIS.
Ens. bot**.;
tall
8016
Auria g 8 o Bot m.*
Phcasant's-eye Prpr
8017 n?stivU<
autumnlis'I'. 1. flame-colored
Europe
162).
U
Wdn-PW-t"
8018
flmmea IV.W.
perennial
3t or
8019
vemlis
890flva
ViU. Dec.
buz pyrenica
pyrenaica
. yellow
Fyrenean OA Pror
8021
1831.
KNOWLTCNIA.
K. Kiowltonia. cu
. p.] Bot cab. 850
8022
rgida H. .. . H.thick-loared
::: I7.. S- pi Botrnag-''-'
8023 veiicatria
blistering iAl
iAI ifSrH
SfJ. 1-*
. . D IP Eng bot *
1232.
FICA'RIA. Pert. \'ernal
Filbwort.
1 nanuncvlacea.
mr.m Y Britain
8024ranuncultdeeJtfc.
pna
double-flowered A A Wor 1 mr.m'y Y BnUin he.7991. D 1-P
remain
.metotime
licfhre they
; thev may
then betillpetted
off, ortaken
P'' . ' t ,n(o.CeylonW- "
ill'i*
require
1 shaded
a littlecomo
if oftheup/irauvr,
weather
be warm,
I
*'<iraiio.
All alteration
bythey
whichhave
the plant:lr"
pai , |lkc the
ltbyru.
,5?^:(
of Clematis,
but -aring
leaves oftheonlyname
one opposite
raany-ncn.M
line"/llinorf[
J**>- "."torunt This name is said to be derive.1 from !>*X>.. grow *? ' nnooth find!_5.1
eaVU",eK'h
are situation,
vigorous growing
plants, witheornuti,
nmM.S^fblim
*
han.W
' Ktow T.
in fvpecio
and
and T tuberosum,
and aquiieg
Handlome
m,"ont in a border or shrubber
. dcd by the boar. . "0"'
borte
The V'nt."I'lch
from the blootl
Adonis
border noS*flower,, especially
vernaliiiPng
and outumnalis,
and ofof the
easiesthe","
culture in"n,
any common
. *
IV.
POLYANDRIE POLYGYNIA.
S uS^fS cuttX? m'ate ""* -"*od .egmenu
HDpi
l|IJ
jiini
Dil
U'kJ
I*'
- 1
485
Scpnent oval
y Segment*
linearor oblong lanceolate
'The only specie.

"^--, Segm. ofleave, bluntly 3-lobcd
^S^b^lF^'S^^^bl
bltmU,
lobed
Jh'
ict,Segm.
Segm.
ofleaves
smooth
ovate
orPen.
sub--obhq
mround
without
bloom,
Fl.
loosely
panic.
ol leave
smooth
glauc
ben.
atentire
lee
ithoutbloom,
",KFl. fiL"fLSTSiJ!?
""i1
subtrifld
79S7
SUround
loosely
paniclcd,
Segm.
oflvi
obi.
cuneiform
sharply
tnrld
:round,
upperbeneath
St
roundcover,
with
aglauc.
bloom,
Fl.
loose,
pan.
corn.
Seem,
oflvs.
roundish
tooth,
at
end,glauc
71 St.Stemmetround
round upright,
. cemu.
a verycomp.
largeFl.spreading
panic.oflvs.
Segm.
of Iva smooth
cuto
SU
uriaLpanic
green,
l'an,ineret
clu.t. Segm.
ov. sutcorrL
coarselyuneil.
aren. trilid
shin, above
60)1
Stemroundish,
cemuous,
OI'lvs.stcm-clanping
smooth
ov. cunate
tsi'.'Sbiu
round, .Fl.p.inded
ccrnuims, Segm.
IVtinlcs
wmgod trifid, Lobca acute entire or linely cut
8Stem
simple covcreil
withFilara.
scattered
leaves panicled
end,roundish
Stem downy
viscid
MFt
diircious
orround
moneen
silt colored,
Segm.
ofat lvs.
coarsely
tooth,
smooth
glauc.
KJuj
Stemupright
somewhat
furrowed,
Hoot
fibrous,
Piute
multiple
erect,
Segm.
oflvs.
bn.
lane,beneath
86
Stbranch, roundsomew.
furrow,
ltoot fihr.
Pan.
multiple
erect, Segin. Segm.
oflvs. hn
lane.cuneiform
cut. cunate
atentire
base
ant
Stembranch,
erectsomewhat
furrowed,
ltoot
libr.
l'an,
multipleerect,
ot
lvs.
triad
acut
SOJSSLbranch,
erect
somew.
furrow.
Hoot
flbr.
Pan.
multipleerect,
Segm.
ofrad.
lvsi.cuiieif.
tnl.
Caul
obi.
Stemerectround
Z "< "TOW.
furrowPan.K multip. erectclose, Scg. ofI. subcord. ov. bluntlytrihdglauc. benoatIll
slriut
glauc
*" " '11 'Wat glauc. Pa"an. multlp. ere,
Leaves?,,',
simple 5-lohed
,
-, _
11 Sem
serrated
*1
few-flowered,
Segm.
ofleaves
linear
. Panic, in"''!'
iSo^- 0rlV>-1n- *> .tire
16
.van., -gm.i. oil
oflva smooth ovale entire or 3-lobed
,h^ .""'
^toTtomSia
JPji '" a 1 head
^K:!rCe",UCh '~dta
m ^""-TO-arol-iy. Leave, cord.!.
80S!
Ihedividing
curatorat the
of the
root,botanio
and by garden
seeds. at Btham
""""
bordes like little figs, a common wood plant
Ii 3
486
POLY AND RIA POLYGYN.I.A.
1233. RANUN/CULUS. W. Citow-Foot.

8025 Flmmula W.
lesser-Spearw. Sy
8026 rptans W.
8027 Lingua W.
A cu
#. A cu
SY A cu
not-flowered
O w
assy
Sy A or
Parnassia-lvd. SX A or
least-Spearw.
8028 nodiflrus JV.
8029 gramineus W.
8030 parnassiflius W.
CLAss XIII.

1 jn.s
Y
Britain wa. pl.
+ jn.s
Y
Britain wa, pl.
2 jn.au Y
Britain mud.d.
* my.jl Y
Sicily
1714.
1 apjn Y
Wales
al. me.
# jn.jl
St
S. Europe 1769.
D
D
D
S
D
D
co
co
co
co
co
co
Eng.: bot. 387

Fl. dan. 108
Eng. bot. 100
Bot. mag. 2171
Eng. bot. 2306
Bot mag. 386
8031 amplexicalis W. Plantain-leav'd Y. A or
1 ap.my W
Pyrenees 1633. D co Bot mag.266
Portugal
* A or
kidney-leaved sy. A or
8034 monspelicusGouan. Montpelier
St A or
8035 lcerus Dec.
torn
A cu
8036ophioglossiflius Dee. Snake's-tongue-I. Ow
8037 salsuginsus Pall. salt
Sy. A cu
8038 fumariaefolius Desf. fumitory-leav'd : a cu
8039 crticus W.
Cretan
& A or
8040 cassbicus W.
Caltha-leaved
A or
8041 auricomus W.
wood
* A w
8042 arbortivus W.
three-flowered EY. A w
8043 sceleratus W.
Celery-leaved.
O p
8044 aconitiflius W.
Aconite-leaved 5 A or
-...flore plno
double-flowered Y. A or
W.
Plane-tree-lvd. Y. A or
8045 pedtus W.en.
Pedate
* A or
8046 illyricus W.
llyrian
* A or
1 my.jn
a my.jn
1 ap.my
#my.jn
jn
ap.my
1 my.jn
1 ap.my
2 jn.jl
14 ap.my
my...au
2 myjn
1 my.jn
8032 bulltus W.
803.3 Thra W.
F#
R. sericeus W.
8047 asiticus W.
common-gard. X. A or
8:48 chaerophyllus. L.
Villous
Rue-leaved
8050 glacilis W.
two-flowered
8051 nivlis W.
8052 montnus W.
snowy
mountain
8053 alpstris W.
alpine
Pensylvanian
W.
8056 hirstitus H. K.
8057 marylndicus Ph.

8058 rpens W.
S.flore plno
8059 polynthemos W.
8060 acris W.
8 flore plno
8025
S. Europe 1640. D co
M. his.t. 31.f50
Austria 1710.
S. France ...
S. France 1821.
Jac. aus. 5. t.442

M. his t. 30. f.43
Bell. taur. 5. t.8
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
W.
Siberia
.....
Candia
Siberia
Britain
1822.
...
1658.
D co
D co
D co
D co
D co
D co
1794. D co
woods. D co
N. Amer. 1713.
Jac. vind t.31

Mo his.t. 31.f48
Bot mag. 2257

Eng. bot. 624
ID co
Britain wa.pl. S co
Al...of Eur, 1596. D co
Eng. bot. 681
1 my jn W.
Alof Eur. 1596. D co Bot. mag. 204
2 jn.jl
W.
1 my.jn Y
11 my.jn Y
Germany 1769. D co
Hungary 1806. D co
Fl. dan. 111

Bot mag. 2229
Jac. aus. 3. t. 22
-
8049 rutaeflius IV.
#"
8055 bulbsus W.
Y
Y
Y
Y
Sy.
St.
Y.
SY.
bulbous
SY
EY
*
ale hairy
Maryland
Sy.
creeping
nk
double-flowered "k
many-flowered
upright
double-flowered Y
#my.jn Va
A cu 1 my.jn
A pr_*my.jl
A pri jn.au
A prijn.au
A pri jn.au
Apr Tijn.au
CD w 1 jn.jl
A w
* myjn
O w 1 jn.o
A un 1 myjl
A w
* my...au
A or + my...au
a un
*my.jn
A w 13 jnji
a or 2 jn.jl
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
W
Y
Y
Y
Pa.Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Levant , 1596. Dr.m Mill.ic. 2. t.216

Portugal ... Dr.m Mo. h. t. 30. f. 44
Austria 1759. D r.m Jac. col. 1. t. 6,7
Lapland 1775. D. s.1 Fl. dan. 19
Lapland 1775. D. s.1 Fl. lap. t. 3. f. 2

Lapland 1775.
Scotland al-riv.
N. Amer. 1785.
Britain me.pa.
England rubble.
N. Amer. 1811.
Britain me.pa.
-
...
D.
S.
D.
S.
D
D
D
s.l.
co
p.
co
co
co
co
Jac. aus. t.325,6

Eng.: bot: 2390
Jac. ic. 1. t. 105
Eng. bot. 515
Eng, bot. 1504
Eng. bot. 516
D co
N. Europe 1596. D co
Britain me pa. D co
Britain
... D co
Lob ic. 666

Eng. bot. 652
Bot. mag. 215
8027
1233. Ranunculus. Said to be so called from rana, a frog, because the species inhabit, humid places
frequented by that reptile. Renoncule, Fr., Ranunkel, Ger., and Ranuncole, Ital. Some of the species are
weeds, one or two border flowers, and R. asiaticus is one of our most esteemed florists' flowers. Some of the
species are tuberous and others bulbous rooted, but the most part are tuberous. R. sceleratus is one of the
most virulent of our native plants.
Bruised and applied to the skin it soon raises a blister, and makes a sore
by no means easy to heal. Strolling beggars have been said to use it for that purpose, in order to excite
compassion.
When chewed, it inflames the tongue; and when taken into the stomach, it produces violent
effects. It is suspected to have proved poisonous to sheep.
R. aconitifolius is a handsome
with branching stems, deep green leaves, and pure white flowers; the
double variety is an old and much admired border flower.
. Of R. asiaticus the varieties raised from seed are endless. Maddock, in the end of the last century, had nearly
eight hundred, all with proper names, and ranged as purple, gray, crimson, red, rosy, orange, yellow, white,
olive, coffee, striped, spotted, &c. No |'' is more prolific in new varieties from seeds; no two plants, as
Maddock observes, producing flowers alike, or the same as the original. Established sorts are propagated by
offsets, which generally flower the first year: rare sorts may be multiplied by dividing the crown of # tuber
with a sharp penknife into as many parts as there are buds: these '' not flower till the second year, but will
diminish the risk of losing a very rare variety.
The ranunculus prefers a fresh loamy soil, rather than otherwise inclined to clay: it should be well manured;
and it is customary, in forming the beds, to place a stratum of well rotted cow-dung six or nine inches below
the surface, which both retains moisture and supplies nourishment. The roots may either be planted in
November or earlier, in which case, to prevent their being destroyed by the frost, they should be mulched,
or they need not be planted till March. The former mode gives much the strongest bloom, as the roots, when
kept in air all the winter, are apt to be over dried, and in sand they sometimes get mouldy: and in
this and similar cases, the progress of vegetation from the planting to the blossoming period, is more rapid
than is natural to the species. Ranunculus roots will retain their vegetative properties two and sometimes
three years; a thing not common among bulbs and tubers, unless preserved dormant in an ice cold room.
R. bulbosus has a solid white bulb about the size of that of the common rocus. The flowers are some.
ORDER 1 V.
POLY AND RIA POLYGYNIA.
487
8025 Leaves smooth lin. lanc.: lower stalked, Stem declinate solid rooting at base, Fruit smooth
8026 Leaves lin. entire smooth, Stem creeping and rooting at every joint
827 Leaves lanc. subserrate sessile half stem-clasping, Stem erect smooth
8028 Rad leaves stalked oval-obl. Fl. sess. opposite the leaves, Fruit granular scarcely crowned with the style
8029 Leaves lanc. or lin. entire, Stem erect very smooth, scales of the petals tubular
8030 Rad leaves stalked subcordate ovate-roundish: cauline sessile ovate-lanc. Pedunc. hirsute
8031 Leaves oval-lanceolate acuminate stem-clasping, Scape and peduncles smooth
8032 All the leaves radical-stalked ovate toothed, Scapesnaked 1-flowered
8033 Leaves smooth reniform crenate, Floral cut, Stem 2-3-fl...smooth
8034 Lvs. woolly 3-lobed with trifid toothed cuneate lobes: upper 3-parted with entire lin. lobes, Cal. reflexed
8035 Leaves cuneiform irregularly cut at the end, Stem smooth branched many-fl. Cal. appressed
8036 Lower leaves stalked cordate blunt: upper obl. sessile, Stem erect hollow, Fruit granular
8037 Rad. lvs. stalked oval or subcord 3-5-tooth. at end, Runners from neck of
Scapes naked 1-fl. erect
8038 Lvs. very smooth many-parted, Lobes obl. Scapes many 1-fl. with appressed hairs, Cal. spreading smooth
8039 Covered with soft hairs, Rad. lvs. stalk, cord orbic: somewhat cut-tooth stem branch , Cal. appressed
8040 Lvs. smooth: radic. stalked reniform crenate; caul. in linear lobes, Cal. pubescent shorter than petals
8041 Leaves smooth: radic. stalked cordate generally 3-parted or lobed, Calyx pubescent shorter than petals
8042 Lvs. smooth: radic, stalk. cordate-roundish crenate some 3-parted or cut, Cal. smooth longer than petals
8043 Lvs. smooth: radic. stalk. 3-part. Lobes 3-lob, bluntly cut, Cal. smooth, Fruit very small in an obl. spike
804.4 Lvs. palm. 3-7-parted cut-toothed: upper sessile with lin. lanc. lobes, Stem branch. many-fl. Cal. appressed
F'
Radic. leaves 5-7-lobed with acuminate lobes, Bractes lin. entire

8045 Leaves smooth: radic. stalked 3-parted or pedate; upper linear, Stem erect few-fl. Calyx appressed
804.6 Lvs. silky: firstent lin.lanc.; rest 3-part with entire or 3-part. lobes, Stem many-fl. Cal. somewhat reflexed
8047 Leavestern. orbitern. Segm. toothed or cut trifid, Stem erect simple or branched, Fruit in a cylindr. spike
8048 Rad. lvs. stalked villous 3 cut: first ovate toothed or 3-lobed, Stem erect 1-2-fl. Cal spreading subreflexed
8049 Leaves pinnate with 3-lobed cut multifid lobes, Stem about 1-fl. Cal. smooth, Pet: 8-10
8050 Radical leaves stalked palmate 3-parted with trifid blunt thick lobes, Calyx very hirsute
8051 Leaves smooth; radical stalked 5-fid with entire ovate lobes, Calyx very hirsute twice as short as petals
8052 Rad. Ivs. smooth 3-parted round with trifid blunt segments: cauline sess. linear-lobed, Cal. nearly smooth
8053 Leaves round 3-lobed, Lobes blunt crenate at end, Stem about 1-fl. Cal. smooth, Pet. obcord, or 3-lobed
8054 Stem and petioles cover with stiff hairs, Lvs. 3-fid with stalk: acutely 3-lob. segm. Cal. reflex. Style smooth
805.5 Rad. lvs. stalked 3-cut with trifid cut segm., of which the middle one is stalked, Stem erect, Cal. reflexed
8056 Lvs. 3-lob. with blunt cut lobes, of which the mid. is stalk. Cal refl. Grains with a single row of minute warts
8057 Stem and petioles with soft hairs at base, Lvs. smooth. trif with 3-lob, ac, cut segm. Cal. smooth spreading
8058 Lvs. pinnate 3-fid with cuneate 3-lobed cut segm. Runners creeping, Cal. erect, Grains with an acute point
8059 Lvs. 3-5-lob with lin. divisions, Stem erect and petioles with spreading hairs, Pedunc, furrowed, Cal. hairy
8060 Lvs. pubesc, or smooth, Lobes cut-tooth. acute: upperlin. Stem many-fl. pubesc, Cal. vill. Grains mucron.
8053
times double, but not so frequently as R. acris. It is distinguished from R. repens, with which it has been
confounded
by some authors, by its roots, by its never throwing out runners, and by its reflexed calyx; this
last character arises from its particular structure, the lower half being thin and almost transparent, and there.
fore not having a sufficient degree of solidity to support itself upright. It is the second flower which, next to
the Dandelion, covers the meadows with dazzling yellow. Like most of the Crow-foots, it possesses the property
of inflaming and blistering the skin; particularly the root, which is said to raise blisters with less pain and
more safety than Spanish flies; hence these roots have been applied for that purpose, particularly to the joints
in cases of the gout. According to Hoffman, beggars make use of them to blister their skins, with a view of
exciting compassion. The juice of the herb is said to be more acrid than that of R. sceleratus, and if applied
to the nostrils, it provokes sneezing. The roots, on being kept, lose their stimulating quality, and are even
eatable when boiled. Hogs are fond of them, and frequently dig them up. The herb is too acrid to be eaten
unmixed by cattle; accordingly the flowering-stalks are left to perfect the seed in pastures: some of it, how
ever, is consumed, and it is not improbable that this and other pungent plants, mixed with the grasses, may
act as a powerful stimulus to some animals, as salt does to others. It abounds in dry pastures, and flowers in
May. Besides the name of round-rooted or bulbous Crowfoot, it is called by the common people butter-flower,
butter-cups, king-cups, gold-cups; and it is the cuckoo-buds of yellow hue, of shakspeare. R. repens
hirsutus, and acris, however, are all confounded with this under one name by the vulgar.
*
R. repens is an obnoxious plant in every description of gardening and agriculture. From the great variety
of soil and situation in which it is found, it assumes many varieties; by a river's side, or in marshes, it will
grow three or four feet high, with a stem nearly as large as the human thumb; in barren gravelly fields it is
entirely procumbent, with a stem not larger than a small wheat-straw; but in all states it retains the character
of the creeping stem, and it does not lose it in cultivation. Its principal time of flowering is in June, but it
may be found in blossom during most of the ensuing summer months in meadows and pastures, under hedges,
in shady waste places, church-yards, and gardens. The qualities of this and bulbosus are similar: both blister
the #", and are very acrid in taste. Like R. acris and bulbosus, it is sometimes found double, but more
rarely.
R. acris is supposed to possess the blistering property in a considerable degree, whence Linnaeus gave it the
-
i 4
488
POLY ANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
B061 lanuginsus W.
8065 tripartitus Dec.

8066 pantothrix Dec.
B fluvitilus W.
woolly-leaved
little-upright
Ivy-leaved
various-leaved
three-parted
rigid-leaved
long-lvd.-water
8067 arvnsis hy.
corn
8068 oxyspermus W.
8069 hyperbreus L.
ine
St A
O
* A
as A
* A
* A
+ A
Sy A
Sy A
northern
* A cu
8070 Gouni py.

8071 memorsus Dec.
8072 murictus JV.
Gouan's
wood
8062 parvulus Jy.

8063 hederaceus J/.
8064 aqutilis W.
8073 parviflrus W.
1234. TROL'LIUS py.
8074 americanus Muhl.
lrus Ph.
8075 europaeus W.
B076 asiaticus W.
E intermdius
7 hybridus
1235. ISOPYRUM. Jy.
8077 fumarioides J.W.
8078 thalictroides W.
3. A or
Sy A or
prickly seeded
O w
small-flowcred
Ow
Globe-Flower.
American
St
European
Asiatic
intermediate
or
or
or
or
IsopvRum.
1 jn.jl
+jl.au
my.au
ap.au
ap.au
ap.au
ap.au
1 Jn.au
1 my
* ap.my
1 my...au
1 my...au
* jl.au
#my.jn
2
1
1
1
8082 purpurscens Pers. purplish

8083 odrus W. en.
sweet-scented
8084 dumetrum W. en. bushy
Bear's-foot
8085 foetidus W.
8086 lividus py.
three-leaved
1238. COPTIS. Sal.
Coptis.
8087 trifolia Ph.
three-leaved
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
Y A pr
S. Europe 1683. D
Englan
... S
Britain wat. pl.

Britain
dit
Europe
dit.
Britain
...
Britain
...
D
D
D
D
D
Britain cor.fi. D.
Pa.Y Caucasus 1822. D
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N. Europe 1820. D
Pyrenees 1818. D
Switzerl.
1810.
S. Europe 1683. S
England gra. pl. S
Fl. dan. 397

Col. ec. t.316 fil
co
co
CO
Co
co
co
Co
Co
co
co
Co
co
co
Co
Eng. bot. 2003

Eng: bot. 101
Fl. dan. 376
Eng: bot. 135

Fl. dan. t. 531
Go ill. t. 17.f.1,2
Vent, cels. t. 73
Eng bot. 120

Bot mag. 1988
co
Eng: bot. 28
Bot. mag. 235
myjn Y
Britain groves. D p.
myjn D.O. Siberia
1759. D p
my.jn Y
...
D p
my.jn Y
.....
...
D p
Ranunculaccar. Sp. 2-4.
1 jn
W.G Siberia
1741. S s.l
#mr.ap W.G Italy
1759. D s.l
-

* ja.mr Y
Italy
1596. O
* A or
Hellebone.
Y
Y
W
W.
W
W
W
Y
Ranunoulaceae. Sp. 3-5.

# myji Y
N. Amer. 1805. D
WiNTen-Aconite.
Common
Christmas Rosex.
green
w:
y:
to
*
y:
sy.
8081 viridis Jy.
A or
A
A
A
A
Fumitory-lvd.
O pr
meadow-rue-lv.:y. A pr
1237. HELLE*BORUS. py.
8080 niger JV.
hybrid
1236 ERAN/THIS. Sal.
8079 hyemlis Sal.
or
w
pr
pr
pr
pr
or
w.
or
Class XIII.

1 ja.mr Pk
Austria 1596.
2 mrap G
Britain woods.
14 mr.ap Pud Hungary 1817.
mr.ap G
Hungary 1817.
* mrap G
Hungary 1817.
fap
G
England chapa.
ja.my Pu
Corsica 1710.
* ap.mv Br
N. Amer. 1782.
#
'
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Am. rut. 74. t. 12

Jac. aust 2.t. 105
CO
Bot mag. 3
r.m.
Co
Bot mag. 8
Eng: bot 200
s.l
s.l
s.l
Pl, ra. h. 2. t. 101
Eng. bot. 613

p.l Bot mag. 72
co
D pl Bot. cab. 173
8069 &
8070
History, Use, Propagation, Culture
name of acris.
Curtis says, that even pulling
considerable inflammation in the
up the plant, and carrying it to some little distance, has produced a

he palm of the hand: that cattle, in general, will not eat it; yet that sometimes,
when they are turned hungr into a new field of grass, or have but a small spot to range in, they will feed on
it, and hence their mouths }.ave become sore and blistered. According to Linnaeus, sheep and goats eat it;
but kine, horses, and swine refuse it. When made into ha y it loses its acrid quality, but then it seems to be
too stalky and hard to afford much nourishment: if it be of any use it must be to correct, by its warmth, the
insipidity of the grasses, In many pastures the flowering stems are left standing in vast abundance to dis
seminate their seeds: before they do that, they might easily be cut down with the scythe, or pulled up
WO
men and children after a shower, which would more effectuall destroy the plants; they should be gathered
into heaps and burnt. It flowers in June and July, and is confounded vulgarly with the repens and bulbosus,
under the name of butter-flower or butter-cups, under a notion that the yellow color of butter is owing to these
plants. It is the richness and exuberance of the pasture that communicates this color, and not these flowers,
which the cattle seldom or ever touch. It is frequent in gardens with a double flower, among other herbaceous
perennials, under the name of yellow bachelor's buttons.
R; aquatilis produces flowers which are sometimes very large, and make a handsome show in ponds and
ditches: the curious variety in the floating and immerse leaves, occasioned by the depth and velocity of the
stream, adds to the beauty of this common aquatic plant. Dr. Pulteney (Linn. Trans, vol. 5. p. 19.) con
tradicts the assertions of its deleterious qualities, and proves that it is not merely innoxious, but nutritive
'
**ttle, and capable of being converted to useful purposes in agricultural economy, in the neighbourhood
of Ringwood, on the borders of the Avon, some of the cottagers support their cows, and even horses, almost
wholly by this plant. A man collects a quantity every morning, and brings it in a boat to the edge of the
water, from which the cows eat it with great avidity, insomuch that they stint them, and allow only about
twenty-five or thirty pounds to each cow daily. One man kept five cows and one horse so much on this plant
with the little which the heath afforded, that they had not consumed more than half aton of hay throughout
the whole year none being used except when the river is frozen over. Hogs also are fed with this plant, and
improve
so well on it, that it is nott necessary
ne
Thi
to give them any other sustenance till they are put up to fatten.
is property of water-crowfoot is the more remarkable, as all the species have been deemed acrimonious,
and some of them are, without doubt, highly so. It is probable this species is rendered inert as a poison by
growing in the water, although it must be confessed
ised, that in other instances moisture heightens the deleterious
Property of vegetables, especially in the umbelli ferous
tribe,
-
- -
ORDER IV.
489
8061 Leaves trifid silky, Lobes broad toothed cut, Stem and petiole with reflexed hairs, Grains hooked
8062. A small variety of R. hirsutus, with a dwarf 1-flowered stem
8063 Lvs. reniform 3-5-lobed with broad entire blunt lobes, Pet. scarcely longer than cal. Petals 5-12 Ubristles
8064. The submersed lvs. capill. multifid: emersed 3-part, with cuneif lobes tooth. at end, Grains hispid with stiff
8065. The submersed lvs.
multifid: emersed 3-part. with cuneif lobes toothed at end, Grains smooth
8066 All the leaves capillary multifid, Pet. obovate larger than calyx, Grains smooth
8067 Leaves smooth: radical 3-parted; cauline multifid with lin. lobes, Grains with long prickles on each side
8068 Lvs. vill.: radic stalk ov. 3-part cut; floral 3-part. Stem erect dichotom. with spread. hairs, Grains muric.
8069 Lvs. smooth stalk bifid, Lobes oval obl. divaricat.: the mid. entire, Sheaths auricled at base, Stem filiform
8070 Radical leaves round with 5 cut lobes: cauline sessile palmate, Stem pubescent, Cal. subvillous
8071 Rad. Ivs. trifid beyond midd. with cuneif trifid lobes, Stem with spread. hairs, Grains hooked with style
8072 Lvs. smooth stalk roundish 3-lob. coarsely tooth. Pedunc. opp. lvs. Cal. spreading, Grains muricate cornute
8073 Lvs. vill. round 3-lob. coarsely tooth. Stems soft decumb. Cal. reflexed as long as pet. Grains tuberculate
8074 Sepals 5-10 spreading, Pet. 10-15 shorter than stamens
8075 Sepals 15 globose, Pet. 5-10 the length of stamens
8076 Sepals 10 spreading, Pet. 10 longer than stamens
8077 Caps. 10-20, Sepals acute, Root slender nearly simple perpendicular
8078 Caps. 1-3, Sepals blunt, Root creeping grumous
8079 Sepals 6-8-oblong
8080 Radical leaves pedate smooth, Scape leafless with 1-2-fl. and bractes
8081 Radical leaves pedate smooth: cauline subsessile palmate, Sepals roundish ovate green
8082 Radical leaves palmate downy beneath, Segm. cuneate at base 3-5-lobed at end, Sepals roundish colored
8083 Radical leaves palmate downy beneath, Segm. obl undivided serrate at end, Sepals ovate obl. acute green
8084 Radical leaves very smooth pedate: cauline subsessile palmate, Sepals roundish green
8085 Stem many-fl. leafy, Leaves pedate very smooth with obl. linear segments
8086 Stem many-fl. leafy, Leaves 3 cut smooth glaucous beneath, Segments ovate-lanceolate
8087 Leaves trifid with obovate toothed blunt 3-lobed segments, Scape 1-flowered
This remark of Dr. Pulteney's is the more important, as in the Swedish experiments the R. aquatilis is re
corded as the only one rejected by all the species of domestic cattle; of the common sorts, there is no doubt
out that R. Flammula, bulbosus, acris, sceleratus, and arvensis are acrimonious. Before the introduction of
Cantharides they were used as vesicatories, and are said to act with less pain than flies, without any effect ol.
the urinary passages; but their action is related to be uncertain, and they are accused of frequently leaving
ill-conditioned ulcers.
The acrimony, even of the most virulent, is wholly dissipated in drying; so that in form of hay they appear
to be harmless. It is also expelled in decoction; accordingly, the

of Morlachia boil the R. scelera
tus, and eat it; and both R. auricomus and repens are said to be wholly inoffensive, and are ranked by some
authors among oleraceous plants.
The Ranunculi give out their acrimony wholly in distillation. The distilled water of R. sceleratus is intensely
acrimonious; and when cold deposits crystals, which are scarcely soluble in any menstruum, and are of an
inflammable nature.
1234. Trollius. A name given to this plant
Conrad Gesner. It is derived from trol or trolen, an old
German word, signifying something round, in allusion to the form of the flowers. The species are showy
flowers for the general border, and of the easiest
culture.
1235. Isopyrum. A name given by the Greeks to a plant resembling. Nigella, the seeds of which had
same taste. These are small herbaceous plants related to Nigella, but with the habit of Tha
ictrum.
1236. Eranthis. From sea, the earth, and av3%, flower, because the bright yellow blossoms seem to lie upon
the earth. A pretty little tuberous rooted plant, valuable for the early period at which it flowers.
1237. Helleborus. From ixus, to cause death, and cofa, food. The dangerous qualities of Hellebore are well
known. Leathery leaved plants, most of which are evergreen, and flower in winter and early in spring.
H. niger and foetidus have long been in use in popular medicine, especially the latter, as a vermifuge and
Cathartic. They are both admitted in the London Materia Medica, but being violent poisons, require caution
in their application. H. foetidus, from its deep green and finely divided leaves, forms a most ornamental ever
for the shrubbery.
green
1938. Coptis. From zorra, to cut, in reference to the numerous divisions of the leaves. Small plants, with
the habit of Trientalis.
490
MARSH-MARYGold.
creeping
rx A
8089 palstris W.
Common
* A
B.flore plno
double-flower'ds A
1240. HYDROPEL'TIS. H. K. HYDRopeltis.
8090 purprea H. K.
purple
ik - A
1939. CALTHA. W.
8088 rdicans L. T.
1241. HYDRASTIS. Jy. HYDRAstis.

8091 canadnsis W.
Canadian

3 ap.my Y
Scotland sc. ma.
1 ap.my Y
Britain
mar.
1 apmy Y
...
Hydropeltideae. Sp. 1.
jl.au
R
N. Amer. 1798.
Ranunculaceae. Sp 1.
myjn G
Canada
1759.
or
or
or
cu
Sy AJ or
8080
CLAss XIII.
D m.s Linn. tr. 8 t. 17
D m.s Eng. bot. 506

D. m.s
D. m.s Bot. mag. 1147

D. m.
Mil. ic. 2. t.285
"sogo
1239. Caltha. A syncope of x2x29 or, a goblet, in allusion to the form of the corolla, which may be likened
to a golden cup. The flower-buds of C. palustris, gathered before they expand, are said to be a good substitute
for capers. The juice of the petals boiled with alum dyes paper yellow. The whole plant is acrid, and not
eaten by cows, unless in case of extreme hunger.
CLAss XIV. DIDYNAMIA.
4 STAMENs, of which two are shorter than the others.
This class, which, as its name applies, depends upon the presence of four stamens in the corolla, two of them
being longer than the others, is, with the exception of Syngenesia and Gynandria, the most natural and best
defined of all Linnaeus's great groups, or, as he named them, classes. It is divided into two orders, called Gym
nospermia and Angiospermia.
Gymnospermia contains all the genera with what are popularly but erroneously called by the Linnaean school
of botany, naked seeds. It answers to the natural order of Labiatae of Jussieu's method, with the exception of
some genera which are excluded on account of having only two stamens, and are found in Diandria. Nearly
all the class consists of herbaceous plants, those which are called shrubs being for the most part herbaceous
plants, whose stems, from the mildness of the climate in which they grow, become perennial. The most re
markable plants are the rosemary, hyssop, balm, thyme, mint, and marjoram, for the kitchen or laboratory;
and the various species of Teucrium, Lavandula, Phlomis, and Dracocephalumn, for the flower garden.
In Angiospermia are included the genera with numerous, or rarely a few, seeds, enclosed in a simple pericar
pium. These would be combined in a manner not altogether unnatural, if some of the genera were excluded.
For instance, the beautiful Linnaea, the emblem of the most highly gifted naturalist the world has ever pro
duced, belongs to Caprifoliaceae, and stands alone in point of natural affinity; the same may be said of Melian
thus. The greater part of Scrophularineae, all Melampyraceae and Orobancheae, and nearly the whole of Ver
benaceae and Gesnerieae are found here. A considerable portion of Acanthaceae also occupy a station in this
order. Among these are many genera of much beauty, but few of interest as useful plants. Among the or
namental families every one will recognize the Bignonia, with its elegant orange or yellow trumpet flowers, and
frequently twining stem; the Jacaranda, with its fern-like umbrageous foliage and magnificent diadem of
blue; the Acanthus, consecrated to sculpture; the noble Clerodendrum, the pride of the Japanese; and the
modest Eyebrights (Euphrasia) of our English meadows. In one part of the class we have the Vervain, sur
rounded by its mystic moonlight, charms; in another, the Antirrhinum tribe, remarkable for the grotesque
resemblance of its blossoms to the snouts of animals; and close behind it, imperial Pedicularis, proudly
rearing her heraldic honours among the snows and deserts of the frozen north. These are succeeded by a
long line of forms, principally European, and of various degrees of

Among the useful plants, Digitalis,
used in medicine, and Sesamum as oil seed, are all which can be particularized.
Order 1.
GYMNOSPERMIA.
Pericarpium divided into four lobes resembling

naked seeds.
1242. Ajuga. Upper lip of cor. very minute, 2-toothed. Stamens longer than upper lip.
1243. Anisomeles. Calyx tubular, 10-striated, 5-cleft. Upper lip of corolla small, entire; lower trifid, with
the middle segment 2-lobed. Stamens exserted, ascending. Anthers of the short stamens 2-celled, with close
cells; of the longer halved or dissimilar. Seeds smooth.
1244. Teucrium. Upper lip of cor. none, 2-parted beyond the base. Stamens exserted.
1245., Westringia. Cal. campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla subrotate, with the upper segment bifid. Two of
the anthers barren.
1246. Satureja. Cal. tubular, striated. Segments of corolla nearly equal. Stamens distant.
ORDER IV.
491
8088 Stem creeping, Leaves triangular cordate serrate crenate

8089 Stem erect, Leaves cordate roundish crenate with round auricles
8090 An aquatic floating plant, covered all over with viscid slime, Roots fibrous
8091 The only species. A small plant with simple stems and a few 3-5-parted leaves
8097
1240. Hydropeltis. From w825, water, and rex.r", a buckler; that is to say, a water-plant, with a leaf like a
round shield. A curious little floater, with the aspect of Hydrocharis.
-
1241. Hydrastis. From whale, water, in reference to the humid places wherein it grows. The root of this
plant is yellow, bitter, pungent, and tonical.
1247. Thymbra.
Style half bifid.
Cal. subcylindrical, 2-lipped, with a villous furrowed line on each side.
a:
Ryssopus.
istant.
Lower lip of cor. 3-parted, with the intermediate segm. subcrenate. Stamens straight,
Segm. of cor. flat.
1249. Nepeta. Cal. dry, striated. Cor with a longish tube; the middle segments of lower lip crenate.
Orifice reflexed at edge. Stamens approximating.
1250. Elsholtzia. Cal. tubular, 5-toothed. Upper lip of corolla 4-toothed; lower longer, undivided, some
what crenulate.
Stamens distant.
1251. Lavandula.
Cal. ovate, somewhat toothed, supported by a bractea.
Corolla resupinate. Stamens
within the tube.
1252. Sideritis. Cal. 5-fid. Cor. ringent or subregular: the upper lip bifid, lower 3-parted. Stamens within
the tube. The short stigma w:pping over the other.
1253. Bystropogon.
lower trifid.
Cal. with 5 subulate teeth, closed at the orifice with hairs. Upper lip of cor bifid;
Stamens distant.
1254. Mentha.
Cor. nearly equal, 4-fid, with the broadest segment emarginate.
Stamens erect, distant.
1255. Perilla. Cal. with the upper segment very short Stamens distant. Styles 2, united.
1256. Hyptis. Cal 5-toothed, increasing in size. Corolla ringent: the upper lip bifid; the lower 3-parted
the intermediate segment shaped like a little bag. Stamens inserted in the swollen part of the tube, and
*:
eclinate.
1257. Horminum. Cal 2-lipped, awned, smooth in the orifice; when past flower, having its upper teeth
crossing each other. Upper lip of corolla 2-lobed; lower 3-lobed, with nearly equal segments. Leaves radical.
Scape nearly naked.
1258. Glechoma. Cal. 5-fid. Each pair of anthers forming by their union the figure of a cross.
Lamium. Upper lip of corolla entire, vaulted; lower 2-lobed; the orifice toothed at the edge on both
#"
sides.
1260. Galeopsis. Upper lip of corolla somewhat crenate, vaulted; lower 2-toothed above.
1261. Galeobdolon. Cal. 5-fid, unequal, awned. Upper lip of corolla vaulted, entire; lower trifid, with
acute segments. Anthers smooth.
1262. Betonica. Calyx awned. Upper lip of cor ascending, flattish. Tube cylindrical.
1263. Stachys. Upper lip of cor. vaulted; lower reflexed at edges, intermediate larger and emarginate.
Stamens after flowering reflexed towards the sides.
1264. Zietenia. Cal. 5-parted, with subulate very long equal segments. Segments of lower lip of cor re
intermediate folded together and emarginate. Stamens after flowering reflexed towards the sides.
:
s:
Ballota.
ornered.
Tain one.
Cal. hypocrateriform, 5-toothed, 10-lined. Upper lip of cor crenate concave. Grains ovate
1266. Marrubium. Cal. hypocrateriform, rigid, 10 lined. Upper lip of cor. bifid, linear, straight.
1267. Leonurus. Cal. 5-angled, 5-toothed. Upper lip of cor villous, flat, entire; lower 3-parted, with the
middle segment undivided. Anthers covered, with shining spots.
1268. Phlomis. Calyx 5-angled, 5-toothed. Helmet compressed, keeled, emarginate.
Seeds bearded at end.
1269. Leucas. Cal tubular, 10-striated, 8-10-toothed, with an orifice, either equal or oblique. Corollaringent.
Helmet concave, entire, bearded: lower lip 3-fid, with the middle segment largest. Anthers twin, beardless,
with divaricating lobes. Stigma 2-lipped, with the upper segment very short.
1270. Leonotis. Differs from the last in having an elongated helmet, and the lower lip small and withering:
the middle segment scarcely larger than the others.

1971. Moluccella. Cal. campanulate, enlarged, wider than corolla, spiny.
1972. Clinopodium. Invol. of many bristles beneath the whorl. Corolla 2-lipped. Upper lip of corolla flat,
obcordate, straight.
492
DIDYNAMIA.
CLAss XIV.
1973. Pycnanthemum. Involucre of many bractes beneath the little heads. Cal. tubular, striated. Upper
lip of corolla nearly entire; lower trifid. Stamens nearly equal.
1274. Origanum. Cone 4-cornered, spiked, collecting the calyxes. Upper lip of corolla erect, flat; lower
3-parted, with nearly equal segments.
1975. Thymus. Orifice of bilabiate calyx closed with hairs. Upper limb of corolla flat, emarginate.
1276. A
Cal 2-lipped, furrowed, hispid, gibbous at base, villous at orifice. Cor ringent, inflated at
orifice, with the upper lip erect, emarginate; the lower 3-parted, spreading: intermediate segm. concave. All
the stamens fertile.
1277, Calamintha. Cal. after flowering closed by hairs. Orifice of cor inflated. Upper lip
emarginate;
lower 3-parted, with the intermediate segment entire, subemarginate or crenulate.

1978, Melissa, Cal, dry, flattish above, with the upper lip somewhat fastigiate. Upper lip of cor. somewhat
vaulted, 2-fid: lower less, with middle lobe cordate.
1979. Dracocephalum. Cor. inflated at orifice, with the upper lip concave.
1980. Melittis. Cal. smooth, campanulate, blunt, oblique at orifice. Upper lip of cor. flat; lower crenate.
1281. Ocymum. Cal. with the upper lip orbicular; lower 4-fid. Corolla resupinate, with one lip 4-cleft, the
other undivided. Exterior filaments having a process at their base.
1282. etra". Upper lip of cal. largest. Corolla resupinate, ringent, with the tube gibbous upwards,
or spurre
Anthers cruciate.
1283. Trichostema.
Upper
# of cor. falcate, Stamens very long.
1284. Prostanthera,
lyx 2-lipped, in fruit closed. Tube striated, lips undivided, blunt. Corolla ringent,
with a half bifid helmet: middle segment of lower lip large, 2-lobed... Anthers spurred beneath.
1285. Scutellaria. Cal. entire, after flowering closed with a lid. Tube of the corolla elongated.
bi # Prunella. Upper lip of calyx dilated. Filaments forked, upon one point bearing their anthers. Stigma
inct.
1987. Cleonia. Filaments forked, upon one point bearing their anthers. Stigma bifid.
1288. Prasium. Cal. campanulate, 2-lipped. Upper lip of cor. vaulted; lower trifid, with the middle segm.
largest cordate.
Grains berried.
1289. Phryma. Cal.2-lipped, 5-toothed. Grain only one.
Order 2.
ANGIOSPERMIA.
ar
Seeds several, enclosed in an undivided pericarpium.
I. Ovary inferior, or nearly inferior.

1290. Gesneria. Cal. 5-fid. Corolla incurved and recurved. Capsule 2-celled.
1291. Glorinia. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. campanulate, with an oblique limb. Filaments with the rudiment of a
fifth inserted upon the receptacle.
-
3- 1292. Linnaea.
celled.
Cal. double: of the fruit 2-leaved; of the flower 5-parted. Cor. campanulate.
1293. Melianthus.
Capsule 4-celled.
Berry dry,
II. Ovary superior, polypetalous.

Cal. 5-leaved, with the lower leaflet gibbous. Petals 4, with the nectary below the lowest.
III. Ovary superior, monopetalous.
A. Filaments 5, the upper only rudimentary.
1294. Bignonia. Cal. 5-fid, cup-shaped. Cor. campanulate, 5-fid, ventricose beneath.
Pod 2-celled. Seeds
with membranous wings.
1995. Jacaranda, Cal 5-toothed.
Cor. tubular at base, with a dilated throat, and a 5-lobed unequal limb.
Fifth filament sterile, long, villous at end.

dividing into two valves.
Stigma with two lips. Capsule large, round, woody, with the edge
-
1296. Sesamum, Cal 5-parted. Cor campanulate 5-fid, with the lower lobe largest.
Stigma lanceolate
Capsule 2-celled, the cells divided in two by the inflexed edges of the valves.
297. Pentstemon. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. 2-lipped, ventricose. Fifth filament longer than the rest, and bearded
at its upper end. Capsule compressed, 2-celled, 2-valved. Sceds numerous, subglobose.
1298. Chelone. Cal. 5-parted, with two bractes. Cor. ringent, ventricose. Fifth filament shorter than the
others. Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds numerous, with a membranous edge.
1299. Tour retia, Cal 2-lipped. Corolla ringent: the upper lip galeate, large; lower 2-toothed, very small
Nectary annular, 4-lobed. Stigma truncate. Capsule 4-celled. Dissepiments with 4 wings. Seeds cordate.
1300. Martynia. Cal 5-fid. Cor. ringent. Capsule woody, coated, with a hooked beak, 4-celled, 2-valvel.
B. Filaments 4. Capsule many-seeded, opening with elasticity. Seeds large, flat.
* Calyx bifid.
Cal 4-parted: the two lateral inner segments short; the two outer long, with 8 bractes, of
which the middle one is toothed, spiny. Cor. labiate, having the orifice closed with hairs. Lower lip very
large, 3-lobed. Anthers villous. Stigma bifid. Caps ovate, with 1-2-seeded cells.
1301. Acanthus.
** Calyx 4-fid.
1302. Barleria. Cal. 4-parted.
Stamens 2, much smaller than the others.
Capsule with 4 angles, 2-celled,
2-valved, elastic, without claws. Seeds 2.

*** Calyx 5:fid.
1303. Phaylopsis. Calyx unequal, with a large dorsal segment Cells of the ovary 2-seeded, with the sng
ments of the dissepiment spontaneously dividing in two. Otherwise like Blechum.
1304. Ruellia. Cal. 5-parted, generally with two bractes. Corolla campanulate, with a 5-lobed limb.
mens in pairs. Capsule to each end. Teeth opening elastically. Seeds not '
Sta
1305. Blechum. Cal. 5-parted, equal Cor funnel-shaped. Capsule about 2-celled, 2-valved: the segments
of the crosswise dissepiment finally becoming loose.
1306. Aphelandra. Cal 5-parted, unequal.

with a dissepiment crosswise.
Seeds many, with hooks.
Cal 2-lipped. Anthers 1-celled. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved,
Seeds with hooks.
1307. Crossandra, Cal 5-parted, unequal. Cor. 1-lipped Stamens included. Anthers 1-celled. Capsule
2-celled. 2-valved, with a dissepiment crosswise. Seeds with hooks.
**** Calyx multifid.
s:
Thunbergia.
celled.
Cal double: outer 2-leaved; inner about 12-toothed. Cor. campanulate. Capsule beaked,
C. Filaments 4. Capsule, drupa, or berry few seeded. Seeds erect.
* Calyx bifid.
1309. Hehenstreitia. . Cal spathaceous, opening lengthwise beneath. Cor. tubular, unequal, with one upper
*-fid lip. Stamens projecting from the lower cleft of the corolla. Caps. 2-seeded.
CLAss XIV.
DIDYNAMIA.
493
** Calyx 4fid.
1310. Hosta. Cal. obsoletely 2-lipped, 4-toothed. , Corolla ringent, with the middle segment of the lower lip
large, emarginate.
Drupe with a 4-celled, 4-seeded nut.
1311. , Gmelina..., Cal. about 4-toothed.

Drupe baccate.
Cor. 4-fid, campanulate. Two of the anthers 2-parted, 2-simple.
Putamen bony, 4-celled.
Cells 1-seeded, the lower sterile.
1312. Lantana. Flowers capitate, Cal. obsoletely 4-toothed. Limb of corolla 4-fid, with an open orifice.
Stigma hooked backwards.
Drupes heaped, with a
'...' smooth nut.
1313. Aloysia.
Calyx deeply 4-cleft. Corolla tubular, 4-lobed. Stigma emarginate. Stamens 4, perfect.
1314. Lippia. Flowers Cal 4-toothed, roundish, erect, compressed, membranous. Corolla 4-fid,
Seeds two.
funnel-shaped. Drupe dry, 1-seeded, thin, covered by the calyx. Nuts two, 1-seeded.
1315. Melampyrum. Capsule 2-celled. Seeds 2, gibbous, polished.
*** Calyx 5:fid.
1316. Selago., Cal. 5-fid. Tube of corolla filiform. Limb nearly equal. Capsule simple or 2-lobed, each
lobe with a seed.
1317. Viter.
Cal. 5-toothed.
Limb of cor. 5-6-fid.
Drupe 1-seeded, with a 4-celled nut.
1318. Cornutia. Cal. 5-toothed. Stamens longer than corolla. , Style very long. Berry 1-seeded.
1319. Zapania. Flowers capitate. , Cal. 5-toothed. Cor 6-fid. Stigma peltate, capitate, oblique. Fruit
covered, bladdery, enclosing two seeds.
1320. Priva., Cal inflated, 5-toothed. Cor a little longer than the tube of calyx, contracted at orifice.
Nuts two, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Stamens 2-4.
5-fid. Limb of cor. 5-fid, the orifice closed by hairs. Stigma hooked. Drupe with
Drupe covered by the calyx,

1321. Spielmannia.
a 2-celled warted nut.
1322. Werbena. Cal. 5-fid. Cor: funnel-shaped, with an incurved tube, and an unequal 5-fid limb. Stamens
4, fertile. Fruit bladdery, covered, withering. Seeds 4.
1323. Avicennia. Cal. 5Cor. 2-lipped: the upper lip square. Caps. coriaceous, rhomboid, 1-seeded.
Seed germinating within the capsule.
1324. Caldasia. Cal tubular, 5-toothed. Cor hypocrateriform, nearly equal Filaments inserted in top of
tube. Caps. 3-celled, 3-seeded, 3-valved. Seeds elliptical.
1325. Clerodendrum. Cal. 5-fid, campanulate. Corolla with a filiform tube and a 5-parted equal limb.
Stamens very long, projecting from between the segments of corolla. Drupe 4-seeded, with a 1-celled nut.
1326. Polkameria. Cal. 5-fid. Cor. with 1-sided segments. Drupe 2-seeded. Nuts 2-celled, with 1-seeded
cells.
1327. Holmskioldia. Cal. colored, very large, campanulate, spreading, with a nearly entire limb a little
shorter than the ringent corolla.
1328. Petraea. Cal 5-parted, very large, colored. Corolla rotate. Caps. 2-celled, 2-seeded in the bottom of
the calyx. Seeds solitary.
1329. Citharerylum. Cal 5-toothed, campanulate. Corolla funnel-shaped, rotate. Segments villous, above
equal. Drupe 2-seeded. Nuts 2-celled.
1330. Duranta. Cal. 5-fid, superior. Drupe 4-seeded, covered by the calyx. Nut 4-2-celled, 2-seeded.
1331. Pedalium. Cal 5-parted. Cor. tubular, ringent, with a 5-cleft limb. Filaments hairy at base. An
thers in pairs, forming a cross. Nut
with spiny angles. Seeds 2, with an arillus.
1332. Myoporum. Cal 5-parted. Corolla campanulate, with a spreading nearly equal 5-parted limb. Drupe
1-2-seeded, with 2-celled nuts.
1333. Stenochilus. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. ringent: the upper lip erect, half 4-cleft: lower undivided, narrow,
deflexed. Stamens didynamous, exserted. Ovary 4-celled, with 1-seeded cells. Stigma blunt, undivided.
Drupe berried, 4-celled. Seeds solitary.
334. Bontia. Cal 5-parted. Cor. 2-lipped, with an oblong tube: the lower lip 3-parted, revolute. Drupe
ovate, 1-seeded, oblique at end.
D. Filaments 4.
Capsule or berry many-seeded. Seeds small, attached to a central receptacle.

* Calyr bifid.
1335. Orobanche. Cal. of 2-lobed lateral leaflets. Corolla ringent. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded.
Gland at the base of the ovary.
1336. Crescentia. Cal. 2-parted, equal. Corolla gibbous. Berry stalked, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds im
mersed in pulp.
1337. Castilleija, Cal. spathaceous; the upper lip bifid, lower none. Cor. 2-lipped: the lower lip very short,
trifid, with 2 glands between the segments.
Caps. 2-celled.
** Calyx trifid.
1338. Halleria. Cal. 3 or 5-leaved. Cor. 4-fid, somewhat inflated. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded
*** Calyx 4-fid.
1339. Lathraea, Cal 4-fid, . A depressed gland at the base of the suture of the ovary. Capsule 1-celled.
1340, Rhinanthus. Cal 4-fid, ventricose. Cor. ringent, with the upper lip generally compressed. Capsule
2-celled, blunt, compressed.
1341. Bartsia, Cal. 4-lobed, emarginate, colored. Cor smaller than the calyx; the upper lip longest. Cap
sule 2-celled. Seeds angular.
1342. Euphrasia, Cal. cylindrical, 4-fid. Corolla 2-lipped: the upper lip bifid; the lower 3-lobed, with offid
lobes.
Lower anthers with spiny lobes.

**** Calyx 5.fid.
1343. Antirrhinum. Cal 5-leaved. Cor not spurred, gibbous at base: the upper lip bifid, reflexed; lower
trifid, closed by the prominent palate. Caps. oblique at base, without valves, opening at the end by three
pores.
1344. Linaria. Cal. 5-parted, with the two lower segments remote. Cor. spurred, ringent: the orifice closed
by the prominent palate. Caps ovate 2-valved, opening at the end into 3-5-segments.
1345. Anarrhinum. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. prominent at base, honey bearing: lower lip flat, without a promi
nent palate.
Caps 2-celled, many-valved.
1346. Nemesia, Cal 5-parted. Cor spurred, with a prominent palate. Caps, compressed, truncate, opening
lengthwise in the middle, 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds numerous, linear.
1347. Maurandya. Cal 5-parted. Cor. campanulate, unequal. Filaments callous at base. Caps. 2, united,
-
half 5-valved at end.
1348. Gerardia. Cal 5-fid. Cor. 2-lipped, the lower lip 3-parted, with emarginate lobes: the middle 2-part
ed. Capsule 3-celled, #
"'"
Cal 5-fid. Cor. ringent. Capsule 2-celled, mucronate, oblique. Seeds truncated. Leaves
ultifid.
1350. Erinus. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor with a 5-fid, equal limb. Lobes emarginate: the upper lip very short, re
flexed. Caps. 2-celled.
1351. Mimulus. Cal. prismatical, 5-toothed. Cor. ringent, with the upper lip folded back at the sides.
Stigma thick. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded.
Cla XIV.
D1DYNAMIA.
1352. Hornemannla. Cal tubular, S-toothed, plaited. C or. with the upper lip emarginate : I wer 3-lobfi Sani
1353.minute,
Maxut.acurfy.
Cat large, campanulate, spreading. Cor. ringent. with a pimpled throat. Anthers connected.
Seeds
1354. itopiexU.
but corulla campanulate, with the upper segment as long as the lip, aa
Stigma
epatulate. Like
Cape. Digitalis,
-celled, many-seeded.
incumbent
upon it Cal
before5-parted.
expansion.
1355. Digitalis.
Corolla campanulate, ventricse, 5-fid. Capsule ovate 2-celled.
JAxx Scrophuiana.
eubglobnee,
Cap*.from
2-celled.
13d7.
Vandeliia. Cal.Cal
4-fid.5-fld.Cor.Cor.
ringent
Two resupinate.
outer filaments
the disk of the lip of cor. AntLcre
1358. inSibthorpia.
Smarted.many-seeded.
Cor. 5-|arted, equal. Stamens in remote pain. Caps, orbicular,compressed,
united
pairs. Cape,Cal.l-cclled,
2 celled,
1S59. I.tmosella.
with a transverse
CaL 5-fid.
dissepiment
Cor. 5-fid, equal. Stamens approximating in pain. Caps, l-celled, 2-
1360. Brawallia. CaL 5-toothed. Cor. closed by the prominent orifice. Two of the anthers larger than th*
many-seeded.
1361. Strmodia.
Cal. 5-partcd. Cor. 2-ltpi>ed. Stamens 4 : each filament bifid, and bearing two minen
others.
Caps, l-celled.
13 Trcvirana.
Capsule
2-celled. CaL 5-leaved. Cor. declnate funnel-shaped. Limb flat, 5-parted, nearly equal Ciat
1363. Columnea. CaL 5-parted, spreading. Corolla ringent: the upper lip 3-partcd, with the ntennedit
half2-celled.
segment
arched, above
base gibbous.
Capsulewith
lierried,
I-2-celled.
.
uueiia.
CaL the
5-leaved.
Cor. 2-lippcd,
a hairy
throat : upper lip broader, emarginite, lower
% ***i*'
Jmcar *e?meilUSma globose
Capa, l-celled,
2-valved,
manybroad,
seeded.3-fid. Stigma bifii Of*
U!- campanulate,
angular, 5-toothed.
Lower
lip ofcor.
globose, 2-celled, covered by the calyx.
GYMNOSPERMIA.
817. 1732. n IP
habate. Sp.Levant
BlJCLE.
t.242.
A'JUGA.
W,
my.jn
oror 11i my.jn
Eng. 1
8092 pyramidalis
orientlie ff.ff. oriental
"croo. SS
Pu Britain
D B
bot lli5
pyramidal
8093
England
my.jl F SwitzerL moun.
oror Jimy.jn
BS Bull he*- 1*1
8094
alpina
If. ff. Alpine
1656.
Geneva
8095
genevusis
Britain moi.w. D s.p
or 1 my.jn
common
8096 rptans
ff.
my.jn W Britain moi.w.
white-flowered
moi.w.
.*
oror i mt,;(in Ry Britain
y Alba
i-lira
red-flowered
san.fi. s*S l
I - England
809/ Chamaypitys W. Ground Pine O cu ii ILM
S.
Europe
17'">U. D S.1 .5
8098
I'm
W.
Nepal
1824
jl.au
furcatf
8099 furc&ta Link.
Labiate.V Sp.E.5.
1243.
ANISOME'LES.
. Br.
Indies 1817. S Lp Bur.ieyUlL"
a or UiLi'.au
8100
matabarica
.
Br.
.au Pk E. Indies 1783.
8101 ovta . AT.
broad-leaved ETJor 11]L.. Labiatar.
Sp.Lcvant
4487. 1728.
M
1244.
TEU'CRIUM.
If.
Germander.
1 jLjl.au
or
8102
campanulatum.
ff. small.flowered
Levant
1752.
or
S trate"*
8103
orientle
If.
great-flowered
&
Europe
11)33.
O oror 1 Jl.
8104 Btrys r
cut-leaved
Spain 1752. D HorJ*.t2"u
jnj'
_\J
8105
niseolinum
Spanish
CG.
H.
1791.
1}
jn.au
trifid-leaved
8106
trtfldum
If.If.
Spain 1640.
S3 jn.s
.
r.m Parttha
Bot. ms >
narrow-leav.trece.
tr.n.
81U7
rWiticans
1640.
ij :
811)8
latifoLium
B. M. broad-leav.
au; Spain
Spain
1640.
H1 jn.e
il"
Cat-thyme
n.
8109
Mrum
If.
Spain
1731.
jl.
r.m
.*"
many-loworcd
-\
8110
multiflrum
W.
Spain 1699.
1 my.o
royal
n.
8111 rgium ff.
810J
Hittory, Use, Propagation, Vulture,

ttributcil 1542. AJuga,
to be ancalled
alteration
ofwhich
ni.'go,is tobelieved
expel or bedrive
.The "!
I*" . s jlan*""'
qualitiesSaid
toA- apla.it
ajuga,reputed
ourandaway.
Teucr.um
conim(,,,lr
SrwhSi1?!
"Plans I. vulgarly
vulnerary, tocooling,
gently astr.ngcnt^^
Man?r, .f 1 "hirh "PIar. to lie a corruption of bugula, a contracted diminutive of M* which tl
'li1"-?
."medical
qualitiesby Mr. Brown, from privative, .V, equal, ",^,,1"*,
tC|
S "'"od
br.,,,cm . "n ,hcrt>aceou
plants. Their leave, are cremated, flowers grow in whorls supi by
"44. 'rciicri, Z*^.."'0
8'anitular,
and prince,
the corolla
of allbythe
purple.been the first to '01 th" P
leueer,
the Trojan
said
Plinyspecies
to have
mm
-'
*
s- -
HI
sit
Cls XIV.
DIDYNAMI .
495
13tK
iJudma.
Cal.
5-parted.
Cor.
ringent
:
upper
lip
very
altort.
Two
lower
stamens
with
a
icrmuuil
tooih
uidHerpatit.
lateral anther.
Capsuleunequal
l-celled.: 2 inner spala smaller, covered by the other*. Cor. tubular, some
I3n7.flipped.
CaL 5-parted,
what18.
Stamens
included.
Lobescampanulate,
ofanthers spreading.
Capraria. Cal. 5.parted. Cor.
5-rid, acute. Stigma
Caps. emarginate.
2-valved, 2-cclled, many-seeded.
1 . Cal absolutely 5-toothed. Limb of corolla 5-tid, equal, with cordate lobes. Capsule
Swelled.
1J7U.
Maiulea.
Cal
5-parted.
Cor.
funnel-shaped.
Limb5-parted,
with
subulatesegments ; the four upper
large, connected. Ca|w. 2-ccllcd, many.iceded.
1371.
AnteioHsa.
Cal.
5-parted,
nearly
equal.
Cor.
irregular,
spreading,
S-Hppcd,
a short tube,
and
archedonhce : upper lip S-parted ; lower much larger,3-partcd, with the middle
segmentwithslipper-liapcd
at bate
137 SckatUhiu. Cor. irregular: the upper lip 5-fid ; lower 3-partcd. Two filaments sterile. Capsule
1373. -sVria.
5-parted. Cor.
tubular,
on each side, with a 5dobcd unequal limb. Berry
rsundiih,
l-celled,Cal.Cal.
many-seeded.
Seedshypocrateriform,
nidulantgibbous5-fld,
IT) Ttedia.
5-parted. Cor.
blunt. Style short, persistent. Berry 2-cclled,
1375. Bnuufctiia.
Cal.with5.toothcd,
small.receptacle.
Tube ofcor. very long, with a flat 5-lobed limb. Capsule berried,
l-cdled,
-seeded,
a
very
large
1JK Ccitia. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. rotate. FilamenU bearded. Capsule S-celled.
1377.
Cal. m>th.
5-parted. Anthers
Cor. etibrotatc,
resupinatc,
5-tid, Capsule
witn theii-celled.
upper segment largest Stamens
lire***"Almuta.
Kilain?1,s
approximating,
similar.
bitk
AMhoctrdt.
Calmany-seeded
5-fld. Cor. campanulate,
regular.
Kudimcnt
of ain5ththefilament.
Caps.
2-otlled,tvalved,
The inflexed edges
of valves
inserted
placenta. Stigma capitate
1S7S. Cymbaria. Cal. lO-toothed. Upper*****
lip of cor.Calyx
bifid,mttiUfid.
lowertrifld. Capsule cordate, 2-cclled.
SBfes*-, u. 1 Z
ac*
bair" ThinK
.!II4
"
....
!) in Jersey isWithering;
used asa
for
Jeuaeof.
found ontrbi
Class DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

406
PLfar.hu-l.tffl
Siberia 1800.
8112
Laxmfinni
W. '
Siberia
Jac.vioiS.t*l
Silterian
8
elbricum
W.
...... 1804.
1777.
- .;
Asiatic
8114
aeiticum
W.
Portugal
1822.
.....
Bil luaitnicum Lam. Portuguese
Candia
1823.
JacobiS-tSO
Arduini'e
8116
Ardulni
!..
5';;
Cuba
1733.
Cuba
8U7cubnee
W.
N.N. Amer.
Schk.banlffl :**
ncttle-leaved
8118
canadnse
Aroer. 1768.
1768.
Virginian
DD Bot Mg. * - -.
8119
virginicum
W. thick-spiked
Jamaica
1
1
/8.
8120
infltum
W.
Persia
1763.
r.m JaCJcbet^
8121 hyrcnicum W. Betony-leaved
Madeira
1777.
bot lj* - :
Britain woods. r.m Eng8122
Abutilntdee W.W. Mulberry.loar
m* "iWood
Sage
8123
Scorodnia
i
Madeira
1775.
hoary
8l24betnicum
W.
Pa.Y
1801 r.m *** 1**1
8125 reeupinatum W. sweet-scented
Pu Barbary
France
17.
8$
England
mar. , r.m
8126
maasilinse
W. water
Bog-bot
En. bote)
England
oldw.
8127
Scrdium
wall
8128
Chanue'drvs
W.
Madeira
1759.
|
8129 heterophjllum W. various-leaved
S. Europe
Europe 1640.
1730. tZ
r.m Park.tbb!
shining
8130
lcidum
W.
yellow-flower,
8131
flvum
W.
S.
Europe
1710.
Jximt&tm
mount
8132 montnum K. dwarf
Austria 52.
procumbent
8133
suplnum
W.
t-u
Spain
1816.
S
tliyme-leaved
8134
thymiflium If.P. S. Pyrenean
Pa.w
1731. D Bot*.
dr.ttbtlh
8135 pymnicura
Y Pyrenees
S.& Europe
1(31.
r.m
",
g
golden
Poly
81S6a(reum
W.
Europe
1^62.
Ban.
rar.t
g
Poly
8137
Plium
^.
S.
Europe
...
r
i
Barr.
rar.til
yellow
Toly
8138
flavscens
P. P.5. S. woolly-calyxed
Spain
1816.
S .^
8139
gnaphaldc*
1804.
Italy
CaT.fcc.itU5
. Hyssop-leaved
8140
Peeudohysspus
1731. .-*
_pain
8141
M . P.W,S round-headed
1516.
Spam
Batr.itttl
close-leaved
8142 capittum
pycnophjllum
1S16.
Spain
small
8143
pmilum
W.
1640. S dT.kUb*
Spain
thorny
8144
spinsum
FF.
Minorca
1816.
tL I J
8145 eubspineum W.en,
lAihi,<r. SP-J& .791 c ap Botrep.!l+
,
West
1245.
Bot mag- 3908
lJ or my.au Pa.
Hoseinarv-lvd
8146 WESTRIN'GIA.
roimarinifrmiei'm. Dampicr'
8147 Dampiri B. P.
Savory.
D
1246. SATURE JA . linear-leaved i I un
8148
juliana
W. W.en. Teneriffe
TenenrTe
r.m Barr.ic- t
5 I un 11 my.jl Pu
8149
Tenerifflu
pu
Canda
lo*0whorl-flowered n-_|or
1 I or |n.jl Pu.w Greece 1759. Dec AlpoLl*1
8150Thymbra
W.
Grecian
8151 gra/ca
W.IF.
S. Europe la*. . t 404
Illiinjl Pu
cul l.Jn.jl
winter
8153
montana
Pu S. Europe 182J Ds C Jst-V;m>
fine-leaved
8153
tenuiflia
Tenore.
Pu
179. r.m Barr.i^ts"
injl Pk Camiola
rock
8154mpstrii W.
* 4 cul 1Ujn.au
Italy
"Si
summer
8155
hortensia
W.
Pu
Levant
1
jn.o
cul
ciliated
8156
capitata IV.
Pu Jamaica 1596.
l/w- r.m
Pennyroyal-tr. tt- cul 1
8157 vimiuea
W.
M Pluk-alUKU
Thym.
1247.
THYM'BRA
Pa.pu Levant
8158spicita
W. w. spike-flowered
whorl-flowered .- i1 11 eu
eu ijjn.jl Pa.pu Spain 1702. Jac.nustS.tgl
8159
verticillata
T*abiahg. Sp.a57.
V;
ma. ÎIIS
t1248.
HYSSOTUS.
Europe 8.
t2 Jn.
'"
$160 orientais
offlctnlis
W. en.W.
Caucaus
.:- p.i *jn.8
J-!?M
tS
8161
W.
Siberia
17
25 aus
8162
Lophnthus W.
N. Amer. 16!.
au.o YY.w
88163
IfiOO.
5 jl.au
Pk N. Amer.0128
SS16 nepetoldes
scrophularifliu4ir.
. 8124
8...
horsca, cows, and swine to
Siti
ami
goats
arc
ea:
eat.it>
their milk gcta
s decoction
S^jSiV
, 1. chamiedrj's,
is saida garlic
tocalled
liavcflavor!
cured Charleshieb
V. of the gout,
vmI"".;,f
lhe word
( l>'inl?:i ilefori
day..
Germander,
to Ibyunder
aa corrupt
1-rencbItcab itcommonly
,
an evident
alteraUon of seem,
gamandrl,
whicn nann. t firlt geared fain"tilt si"S
'"\5,VCT,1;;<'r
Peter Westring,
r i , * Majenco,
Namedprinted
by SirinJ.1*85.
E Smith, in honor of Dr. John rem
-j -f phy*H^d pUa*
, from
"' "V
a,horpart,
of several
on thetheLichen
tribe.of _Jour^Boicm
j
chiefly
the colder
of thatlearned
country,papers
and having
appearance
mi
0Dia I.
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERJ
a ' " EMe S* S liS n "
Sien, e.~t
LS La.e ., ,
Cut cronate .talked, Fl tcrn"! "g*1 l"ra, Slem dffluc pubescent
JESS ".
fi CorrSh,,' 'm
;, "* >ire,"wh'ri.,nieder "*
"
-aiyxes woolly
e'SSSSH ^^^* tm"*4 Siei"e'reit'""r)r'
-,,. L
'",u* aie
eot
""""^P-b^cent down, beneath,
t4uv,' "
let
M ,orU
bort a tube
*
pu
j
S roun<t"h
hispid, l/'n.Bractes
rvjipshorter
oblongthan
acuminate
veinlcsi
S
calyx,
Leaves
H
Pi-dune, ',1
axillary -6-floweted,
cymoicone-iidcd.
Sepals acuminate
rucronate,
S?
crcrtcTmo,e
b"111!one-aided,
with spreading
hairs, unarmed,
Upper 1
acul . alten,
-"
51
" **l"
Sepalslanceolate
blunt
Lvi.hairy
roundishovate
at baje
toothed bluntu
Pftlunc.
axillaryLeaves
cytnose,keeled
leaves
H*nD*ersspiked,
dotted ciliatedentire, Stem brachiate
_ L. ...
157 FL axillary I lubseseile, Bractes linear, Leaves oblong entire attenuate at base smooth hispidbeneath
^gwen
spiked, Bractcs
ciliateentire
rariowen whorled,
Leavesheaped
linear linear
lanceolate
SSn"**1<1racemose1-sided.
Middlelobeof
fidohedentire,
entire,Lvsleaves
lanceolate,
Teethspreading
of calyx uneq.
erect
racemose Uided, Midd.

lobeofcor.cor.2dobed
lin. lane.
Teeth ofcal.
Wffl
"?lllUr*
cvmaepoT
resupiiiate,
Middle
lotw
crennte,
I-eavcs
oblong
cordate
toothed
[tooth,
l uSli
Midd. lobe-ofcor.
(renale.Stylelonger
St vie shoitcrthanthan
subcordov.
sharply
apues whorlc(lcv!,ni1
whori. cylind. Mi<M
r. crenate,
cor.tor.Lve.Lvscord.-ov.
acum. acum.
bluntlytooth.
IM - -
* - ta. tbe "
' Wh'Ch
XIV.
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
Labial*. Sp. 25-40.
Eng. hot 131 l'Usai
Cat-mint.
1249. NETETA. W. common
2 f.
ESS" msf
jlijl
Pu Spain
IMS. DBS
8165catria
W. W. narroiv.leaved
"-'".|
8166 angustillia
2
Jl.au
Pa-B
levant
1800"
curl-leaved
Hungary
DI> Jac.ainl2.ira
8167
crispa
W.
Hungarian
1777.
8168
pannntca
W. blue
BocmuAt-*
Spain
1723.
8169
cairlea W.
ceU.
violet-colored
Persia 1804.
1*12 DDD ro Vent
8170
BoLmag-
Siberia
8171 violcea
longiflraW.Vfnt. long-flowered
p.l
acoiloped-leaT.
Levant
1723.
D
8172
Musslni
Bieb.
CO
Ukraine
hoary
8173
im ana W.W.
& Europe
Europe 1784.
1754. DDD ..
Ukraine
8174 ucrnica
S.
1H04.
imall
8175
Nepctlla
W.
t
S.Algiers
Europe 1714.
I>D COM Jac.aus.1.
8176 gravolcns W. strong-smelling
Dcsf.au.t
1817.
naked
8177
nda
W.
CO
8178
multibractctaiVt/.
Caucasus
181
8179colorta
Wen.W. en. many-brncted
Nettle-leaved
Candi
17 DDD JacviniitW
8180 meliasmflia
Balm-leaved
lUly 1640.
8181
itlica
W.
Italian
.
8182 marruhioldes Wen. Horeliound-lr.
Morocco 1801. D DetattltW
8183
reticulta
W. en. netted
Armenia
1806. DD
8184
lamiliolia
W
Ijimium-leav
d
Armenia 1816
Barr, t.
8185 tcucrlolia W en. Teucrium-lvd.
Spain
DD Jsc.
obiIt
8186tuber6a W.
tuberous-root
S.Siberia
Europe 1683.
1774.
,
1796. S , GmcLsibitSS
8187 lanta
Ci, te I'*
Siberia 177a
8188
mulUftdaW. W. . woolly
multifld
8189 botryoides W. annual
1250. EI.SHOLTZIA. 1. Ei.shoi.tiia O un It[1Labiate.
Pu Sp. E.25.
Indie* 1824. S8190
ocymoldesW.Peri. crested
Basd-like ]fc or my.]l Pk Siberia 1789. S %
8191cristata
Labial*. Sp. 812.
S Europe 1568. niS.I Sch-nAn-it-H
U51. bAVAN'DULA. W. LAVinma.
22 jl.s
common
8192 S|iira W.
jl.s
white.fiowered
BS Europe 1568. *1 Barrel, te t,
alba
211 jl.s
ts.
S.Madeira
Europe 1;ylatifolia W. ea /-|1
mv.jl
French
.
1777. ^ pi Bot mag. 4W
8193
Stauchas
W.
li myjl
Madeira
8194 viridis il'.

Spin
S- f.l Bot mag.!
4
jn.s
tooth-leaved
*8195dentta
Madeira
ap.au
pinnated
IiQ]1 oror UiU
Canaries 1777.
1597. s J.1
8196pinnta W.
W.
M LA
Comm.te*
"- "
cut-leaved
Canaries
16
8197multlfida
W.
Southemw.-lv. ITS! or 4 >" ', Ii E Indiea 1(88. L c LiasmsclW
8198
abrotanoides
W.
4
M1
thick-leaved
$8199 carnosa W.
Lobint.
17-- . r.m te-iitS
lRONWOKT.
1952.
SIDER'ITIS.W.W. Canary
,y.au Y.Br
*. Cananea
Madeira 1697.
1+8200
Mullein-leaved
1752.
SS - Jac otl*
8201 canarinsis
candicans W.
Y.
Br
Austria
1787.
mountain
8202
montana
W.
1740. S m storUl
8203
legans
W.W. en. dark-flowered
W
Italy

Roman
8204
rom&na
\V.v
I*vant 1597.
1822.
Syrian
**-8205
syrlaca
1K.
Pa.Y
Taurin
Taurian
1731.
8208 turica W. en. perfoliate
Y
Levant
1752. Cav.ic,tl
9t
8207
perfoliata
YY Spain
8208
incana
If.W.W.en. Lavender-lvd.
Levant
Holly-lcavcd
8909
lliciflia
YL.Y Spain
~ S **-b?t
8210
spinsa
W. en.W. en. Ityssop-leaved .
8211
hyssopiflia
Y Pyrenees
France I5B7.
loW8212 scordioides
W. scollop-leaved St
I 81884 Callare,
Utory, Ule, Propagation,
0]wd in uncertainty- Jjgf
fide John de Soma, n. 106. The plant to which.,,,
this name
Iiiivc wai
mlVrml ;S ill'^;,i,V,;n;)n.ai ...id rragraid
ive
been
one
of
tne
smallest
plants,
w'
little evergeen tuft, and n J lBe.
the
wall" iswasa kionce
nd ofin moss.
H. olfiirepute as J mtjionular
in flower,
considerable
e<l
fromofmedicine,
b'epet,
a ,Uy when it is w;
1
epeta.
Said
by
Linnreus
to
be
deri
plants Oewb* ,
<\V4ria
ia
called
catmint,
because
cata
arc
VDT
fond
espec'pleasure.
themselves
on
it,
tear
Tto
pieces,
and
chew
it
with it,great
thenuclv
S"ft*lr~from" 'the fields into hi? garden were always
destroyed
by the>!
cata, un' ncUh1protected
1, pis
^
'"J\,'1
hJ tak
eod root and
intoownflower;
but thathavmg
they Irequenuy Mt hc. ta*ie
fe?
, 'he
Miller
has confirmed
thisfeetcame
byofhisothers
experience;
foroep
dl.
r
garden
within
two
which
came
up
from
seeds,
wn
_
^
,m
1
infmni-,
, Bamen within
CM others
wnicnremained
came eunhurt-v. .rhe
?o1. = "d- dra"oyed
by the two
cats,feetwhilst
the latter
t" true ssa-rwnc lie.
Sit f ihf",,RnedU "
R"i >natbeing
4>e eat
is fond
of It inina gathering
languid r"
*
uSasamg'''
handled
or bru.sed
0 I.
DIDYNAMIA GVMNOSPERMIA.
nie- "7""J" SK"*eo spiked
llmSm "S" 001 acum' "feil withcob^Tiu """" 'keil toothed puberal"
.e 1
psssnaOUd
with lin.atnearly
Slemi nmc^. Leave*
ovate subserrate. Spikes terminal,
(190Stemiprostrate.
Calyx scarioiu
end
91 Spikessolitary unilateral
erect, Bractes veiny
BIOS Leaves sessile lin. lane revolute at edge, Spike interrupted naked
8193Leaves
sessile lin.
at edge.atSpike
comoseBracte*
subscasilc.
Bracte S-lobcd
Iav* sessile
lin. downy
rugose revolute
villous revolute
edge,contracted
Spike comose,
undivided
8195
Leaves
sessilepinnate,
linear pectinate-pinnate.
Spike
contracted
comose , . _ , .
8196
Lvs.
stalked
leaflets
cunate.
Spike
Imbricated
8197 Lvs.
stalked
hoary. Lean,
pumatitid
crosawiie.
Spikesimple
4*com.
spiral,
Bractes ovate
nerved.
81
Lva.
(talked
pinnate
nc
.rly
nmootli,
Lead,
pinnntind
crosswise,
Spike
branched
'
8199 Lu. stalked ovate cordate serrate fleshy, Spike 4-comered, Calyxes recurved
tan Shrubby villous T
i ,w0 rioi/w
fke cat*sowie
mm eat it;
Vyw
ll>*C "<"*">' enui i? . m ,"x1' of the

I-avonder Mimulant and ton,"
m ss cu. s ; aw
4
Anam
500
CaT-idtSE
S.Gibraltar
Europe 1731.
i
8213
hireiU W.W.en. curled-leaved
hairy
1816.
8214.4
CandU
1823.
8215
Candan
- -
Spain 1822.
8216 crtica
f'tida L.W.
tmking
& un
ai
1253.
BYSTROPCGON.
Byitropooon.
Canaries 1779. p.l L'her.sert
L'her.sert
.?
8S17 plumeus W.
woolly-flower'de. i_J or
Canaries
1815.
Com.hrt.2-tfo
8218
origanifolius
W.
entire-leaved
.
Canaries
1714.
L'her.
sert,
n?
..
ur
Canary
..
8219
Madeira 1775.
8220 canariens
puncttue W.W. cluster-flower'de. \ J or
Rum.amafi.Ll6
D
Mint.
f1254. MENTHA. W. Indian
ETlndiei 1796. D
8221
Auriculria W. polished
England moi.pl DD Eng. bot <
8222
8223 lmvigita
rotundifoltaW. en.
W, round-leaved
variegated
gratsj.ma
pariegdta W. oMong-lcavcd
Germany 1799. 1)D
822+
DI) Eng, bot 244
pubescent
8225
pubscens
\V.
en.
Naples
8226 pyramidlis Tenoi r. pyramidal
Britain 182*.
mar.
D
spear
179a
8227
viridis
W.
hoary
England wat.pl. DD Eng. bot 687
8228
incna
W.W.m.
pepper
8229
piperita
Egypt
D
mooth
8230glabrta W.
Siberia
.... 40.
D1)
8231
crispa
W.W. en. curled
crumpled
8232
crispta
181&England wat.pl 1) Eng. bol
8233
W. en. wave-leaved
8234 undulta
odorta
Italy
1804nD 00
M. citrdtaSmith.
W. Balsam-scented or
S.
1796.
8235
balsameaHI . Egyptian
Britain
,
D c Fl.aan.l4S4
8236nillaca
8237
nemorosa
W. en. wood
S.Britain
Europewalpl
... D cu
wild
8238
sylvestris
W.
8239 macrostchya Tm. long-spiked
Spain
I Deo
M. rotundifuitaIf. W.
"
Britain
wat.pl.
D Eng.
8240 lavandulScea
en. en.
Lavendcr-lvd.
Eng.
bot. SMS
Britain
watpL
mmon-red
8241
rubra
H.
K.
1
'
N.Britain
Amer. wat-ri.
182. \>D> Eng. tot 447
sharp-leaved
8242
acutiflia
H.
.
northern
824!borelis
hairy-water
Germany
G. H. 181o. D
8244 hirsita .Mick.
AT.
Cape
8245
England 1809.
- D w Eng. bot8
Austrian
8246 capensis
austriaca If.IT. . tall-red
8247
sativa
If.en.
Eng.
shaggy
Britain
wat.pl.
8248
hlrta
If.
big. bol
bol 44
"S
Britain com ft. DL> SolrtMinu,^
narrow-leaved
8249
H.K.
corn
8250/3 gracilis
arvnsis
.
.
Briuin
...
Eng
bol
SI'8
early-flowering
pro-'
M.
Britein
HDeo~
N.
Amer. pools.
1801.
8251
Germany
181
D
Canadian
8252 gentilis
canadensis. .If. busby-red
BriUin
8253
If. en. toothed
France wet
18.. Deo
D CO Mor.hiAti.i-'
Pennyroyal
8254 denttt
Pulegium
Hyssop-leaved
W. W.
8219
8234
HUtary, Ue, Propagation, iWmre,
n0crI, ft
wounds by word. The planta of the moderni do not possess any such properties.
have
a ferruginous
_ a fn -inec
1S53.frequently
Byttropoon.
A namecolor.
elegantly contrived by L'Hritier, from
-, and srao*. * '
allusion
to the throat
of the
haira.poeta Mgn that Mintha
daughter
1251. MrnMo.
M..a.
or corolla inbeing
old closed
Greek.by The
MintM was
a nUt
ecU "SJ
an
transformed into the plant which bears her name ; an allegorical description " . , a having
toagreeable
their plant
by
the
ancients.
M.
viridis
not
being
so
hot
to
the
taste
as
-.cinal
pun***
flavorarethan
of thesalads,
others,and
is generally
culinary
ano.
leaves
torn
usedmost
in spring
eaten
driedpreferred
as sauceforthan
with
lamb
amiof f1"
~l~mt]cltt per,,,,
Theormedical
preparations
ofthespearmint
areconteins
more
pleasant
those
efficacious.
This
herb,
as
do
other
sorts,
much
essential
oil,
but itolpepper
an i"-1
wtrfullv onai p
that
of
lavender
or
marjoram
:
it
is
therefore
less
employed
as
a
cephalic
;
but
....,lc
-j-.- lt 18 Immediately
in.ujni .un
: il isand
mvreiurc
less nqmn
- - attnuch.
SsioSôntbe
^nm,tingder^|[
applied,
therefore
considerably
- It will also
stop ur . oilier *
onthcthL ,n<1
therefore
pains
cholic arising
from spasm
ftomThe''^'^'^^'^
stomach
'4"""
i 0,11the
ifrelieves
..duease.
-i--ff
andinfusion
?~...
in the
I agrei
to
cravate,
of
mintessential
in warmoil,water
bettii
" J tllj stomach
n i
The
c^r
The
orncinal
preparation,
are
an
a
conserve
''
pasin^ " " vcr ISrMeful. and the distilled water both simple and spmluou.. arc g [ tboM
t
6513 Hinute,
Leave* lar]
M
Shrubby
8il6
Ukeh'-d
DIDYNAMIA (
50]
K? him,te decumbent
omewhat toothed laeolate blunt*'
C,lt'"
-* middle sized
1 cut-tTOthwl wavv lo . . ,n
"""
errated i
S*. - Fed. ~
S *?i crimd,. toftl.WlSaftiSS-b
0. .ubcor.
4lmdr. interrupted, Lta!
mm 31,(7Undr
interrupt
at base,sulked
Lvs. lin.
lane, entire
nearlyentirecomplicate
sess. ofhoary
each aide,
Ped.
'.Lvs.
Im.
lane,
will
_ Teeth
S
S*m wnorl*
I'v*. ovate
serrated
atil,base smooth.
calyxon hairy
~* tu
'spreading,ofstems
[calyx .......
ru
FUwhorl.
Lvs.fi.ov.-lanc.
ateachend.
Cal. tubularobl.
gwLowpubeic
whorled,narrowed
Lvs. sUlkcd
with resinous
doU acute hairy,
at eachHairs
end, ofpedicels
Stamens exserted
[deflexed
S GP*y
"P'tate
or
whorled,
Lvs.
sulked
ovate.
Calyx
hairy
on
each
side,
Pedicels
hispidb
,T
spikedLvs.oblong,
entireCal.downy
V- horls
whoricd,
ovate I.eaves
sulked lanceolate
serrate hairy.
hairy, Ped. smooth. Stem erect
3
*"1
whorl>,
Lvs.
ovate
acutish
senated,
Stamensserrate
1beneath
than corolla
!
cylmdr.
interrupted
at
base,
Lvs.
ovate
etalked
and p
& inriowen
m whorled,
*horled, Lvs.
Lvs. lane,
subecss.
Stem
much
branched
erect,
CaL hirsute.
athairy,
base CaL
and
ovate sulked serrate hairy, Ca. and peduncle*
Stempedict
much bran<
8Kf
ovate,serrate
Stem sulked
much branched
spreading.
5*m
WCr* wnoried
w,orledt Lvs. lane
hairy, Sum.
as long Calyxes
as corollaand pedicels smooth at base
whorled, Lvs.
ov.ovate,
lubsess.
cuspidate serr.Pedicels
wavy nearly
Pedunc. and calyx smooth at
"owen
'04"1 whorled.
whorled,
Lvs.
Stemprostrate,
cal.smooth,
downyon
Lvs. lane
nearly
entire sessile smooth.andBrades
palmateeach side, Teeth ciliated
41
8242 A
8244
8247
- ...
"
' fc-nenSi^ SIlhM T amended

'trongwhich
infu.taof'SrS'Enf'S'
milkin "*
infusion
Stta
mintof SI; ^J^JV^r^M
sftl
CussllV.
DJDYNAMIA GTMNOSFERMA.
502
J.nbtatr.W Sp.IndU
1.
PERII/LA. W. Basil-leaved
Perilla.
1255.
i jl-au
1770. S .l Bot .
8456
Labial,.Pa-pu
9p. W.
827.Indies 1714. S il P.an.m.7 1Bfl
HvPTiai
tl256.
HYPTIS.
.
H
jnjl
DJcu
1 jnjl Pa.pu Carolina 169a D Lp P.an.m.7 iTi t
8357
capitta l'oit.
H. . Jamaica
iAJcu
Carolina
828radita
11fja.o
ja.d .
Pa.pu W.
W. Indies
Indies 1778.
1776 S LpLp P.m.m.7.t&f!
l'oi. an.muO
cu
email-headed
8259
ebracteta
H.
.
a. O
CS
cu
1 jl
Pa.pu Persia 1800 Lp Latum.&tlf
82f0 pcctinU l'oit. Halm-leaved
i
,
I
cu
Persian
82il
prsica
P.
S.
l
jl
W
1824.
S
82fi2
Lmk. long-spiked
l'a pu Cayenne 1820. D

ES cu I jl
recurved
8.253 stachydes
recurvU .
short-sulked cu 1 jn.au Li & Amer. 1822. S
8264 brvipee Pott,
l.at'iaLrPa.RSp. Mexico
1S. 1800. .p W.h.ber.tl
*1257.
HORMI'NUM.
Hobminum. i l-r I jLau
(8265 caulcceas
Or. Or.spiked
Z
Ground Ivy. A w 1 Labiatec.
125
GLEVHOMA.
W. common
7. .
mr.iny Sp. Britain
hedb. ".
826
hairy
JU cu % mr my Pk Hungary . ) PLrar.bun.tll9
8267 hedercea
hirsuta P. S.ff.
LabiaUe. S i Italy
1119. 1596. D Bot.nng.lJl
1S59.
LA'MIUM.
Jfmy.jl
;t
826SOrvla
W. W. Balm-leaved
DD piuk.al.US8.il
I ti.lv 1711.
1 mr.o D.P
Pu Italy
BoccmutiLl
26
lviRtum
smooth
-t
JLau Pu
R Italy 1766.
8270
rugosum W. W. rough
3t
172.
DD SnotHtLI
211 jl.au
Col.ecpn.1. lito
8271
Rargnicum
woolly
1683.
Italy
jnjl
Pu
8272 macultum W. spotted
-t
wai.gr.
SD Eng. M. W
2 aiis W Britain
8273
lbum
W.
white
i
1739.
Levant
w
8274
..... was.gr.
1683. SS Eng. bot 765
W* Britain
8275 moschtum
mUe W. H, . musk-scented
Pellilory-leav'd^t w 11 ap!my
my.au
Pu
purple
8276 purpureum
W.
OA IS
Britain
ian.fi.
S En?.
Pk
ww 1 f my.il
inci$Htn
H.
.
Eng. bol 770
Britain
ian.fi.
mr.m Pk
8277
Henbit
"= gS
O cu 1 ap.my Pu
8278 amplcxicule
multlfidum ff.If. multifid-leaved
Ixibiatec.Pk Sp. Britain
4.
M
1260.
GALEOP'Sia
W. redHemp-Nettle. w fjLa
chal.fi.
8279
W Britain
san.ri SSS CO Eng.
Eng. hot8
bot 207
2353
8280 Ldanum
villsa . .W.
downy
ww 11| jLau
J1.au
Britain
cornfl.
Eng.
bot
8281
Tetrhit
W.
common
1
jl.au
Y
Britain
.
fi.
S
Eng.
bot?
8382 versicolor //. K. large-flowered w
1261. GALEOB'DOLON. E. B. Dbad-Nettle.
It or 1 my.jn Britain ra.sh.pL D Eng. bot
Ijtbiat*. Sp. 712.
Eng bot *
1262.
BETON'ICA.
8284
officinalisW. W. W. ..
8285etrcta
8286incna
W.
8287
oriental W.W.
8286
8289 alopecuros
hirsuta IV.
8890 W.
8261
Watoy, Ifta-, Propagation, Culture,

M
years,
otherwise
it degenerates
the anil
flavoris oflittlespearmint."
(.nnranDitpematmy,
7Vmoc/ioiu,385.)v. 170.) ".varmint, but
cutMinpulegium
wet weather
it changes
tointo
black,
worth.
ILomlo*
;from
pulrx,
a
louse,
which
animal
it
was
thought
to
drive
away)
smells
"l
*'
^
in a
less
the tasteoil,aromatic
and pungent,
with with
a slight
of camphor.
These ""
veryfragrant
volatile .essential
which rises
in distillation
water.flavorIt was
formerly regarded
as " ,fagoguf,
hysteria,
expectorant,
andasthma;
diaphoretic,
reputeconsidered
promoting
uterine
.J i-practi
il; liiNK-eoiigh,
but itandis was
now injustlv
of nnthevalue,
and evacuation,
seldom usedandm rcguil?n
M'sprnsotoiy,
38.)
i<S**.
S86.)
,
..ith
a strong
!
r?'"""A
naine
the
meaning
of
which
has
not
been
explained.
An
annual
plant
'
balmy
!mA (^'""
finance.
r
d as to tbe
senior[
,!?";
Frm
""".
reversed,
because
the
corolla
seems
inverted,
both
as
(o
la
form
an
lnsertii
of amens. Plants with densely whorlcd flowers, all native, of the western parts ot
Within
,',r"",
uif me
tropics.
_11 of the
S was reuu.i Ftotb
11!'ho
repica."in allusion to its stimulant qualities. The tionm
iff****,
to exefte,
ancients
'f1"
aphrodisiac
._.
\e
âw4f2.wae"
^
of
Thyme
among
the
Greeks.
Small
trailing
often deformed with red hairy tumours, which are the galls of the Cynips Glccnom.
Olma I.
Leva mi,, tong iey
SS71 SnoS "cum'na errate s

,<| 1L
cut-toothed
' t0tbcd "" * logctber, stem naked teto
_ *11 IfclVt-S paila -r- cut; radical lobed
Cor. Hk longer than nfx

^^"-"''te.lnvotoere^cd
4S S. Helmet entire
^.^ ?"^*** , benote
Particular,.
*eremi i "
|"
que Hsu ma"" tOMWeri the fl -f . Reime
- have coniiderahlr
..
admitted
into
the, garden
er.,
and
Orttca
will touch it, yet I
grotesque figure, and may
3?S
.h,ch ..
S* WC that iKanla n?v "^ wherefore il , that Ri
'
" * jeito,"X?1 1
Kk 4
and rlrge Snt"
DIDYNAMIA
504
isas. ' m Hkhcc-Nettlk.
common
iw
8291
sylvticaLink.
W.
Siberian
54 A un
82I2
8293 siblrica
molllssima W. . soft-leaved
Coraican
5
AA wun
8294
cornice
Pert,
Clown's Allheal^f iAl
8292
scarlet
orw
8296 palustris
coccnea W.
W.
Catmint-leav'd ^ A ww
27
ncpetiflia
Detf.
8298
deembens W./Vrj. downy
decumbent fA w
8299
8300 germnica
intermedia . K. oblong-leaved
i5 A ororor
woolly
8301
lanta
ffl L.
broad-leaved
8302
Herclea
ambiguous
8303
ambigua SmA
fine-leaved AAA ororw
8.4
8303 tenutflia
salvisflia sr*.
7V*. age-leaved
5 A
Alpine
8306
alpina W.
blunt-leaved
8307
circinata
Balbis's
8308
Balblsii
.in*.
__ AAA or
orw
8309
ibrica
BU-b.
Iberian
8310 fnlculuin Pth. sand
Fennel-scented -at^ cuor
8311
arenaria
8312
crtica
W.JO**/".
Cretan
5 AA orw
8313
glutinsa
/.
clammy
8314
epinsa
W.
thomy
tL
8315 orientlis W.
oriental
3ti _J
"i orun
8316
martimaPert.
F.
sea
83178 betonicaflia
obliqua
oliliqLie-leaved
4
orft
Pen.
Betony-leaved
A oror
8319 tethipica
Ethiopian f lAI
8320
Mrta W. W.
procumbent
i
8321
rugosa
W.
rough
8322
scordiflia
W.en. wedge-leaved
Je A oror
8323
rcta
W. m.
upright
8324
annua
.
annual
O ww
8325 arvnsis W.
corn
8326
latita
W.
broad-leaved
A
8327 phlomoides W.en. Phlomis-leaved^k A oror
T1264. ZIETE'NIA. Pert. ZlETBXI.
8328 lavanduliflia Peri. lavender.leaT'd 4 or
t*l265. BALLCTA. W. Stinki.vo HonMOUND.
9 nigra ..
black
W.W.
white
8331Ulba
lanta
PanzriaW.muitytda woolly
Mnch.
8S3Sd1stieha
distichous
1266. MARRU'BIUM. W. Horbhound.
8333
Alyssura
W. W. plaited-leaved
8334 pcrcftrlnum
astracnicum
Astracn
8335
W. Sicilian
8336crticum
W.
Cretan
8337
candidlssimum
woolly.white
u suplnura
" W. procumbent
8.338
Jf.
S8339
africnum
W.
African
834Uvulgre W.
common,white
8341
afTlnc
Horn.W.
kindred
8342
hirstum
hirsute
8343
cinreum W.W. en. cinereous
8344crispum
t
curl-leaved
1834';
catarifolium
Catmint-leaved
83
hispanicum
W.. Spanish
34/
1
"eu-DirtamnuslFslirubby-white
_j ur
8348 acetabulum W. saucer-leaved . jsjor
ClamXIV. fod
GYMNOSPERMIA.
Labial*.Bd Sp.BriUiD
37-55. bed. D Eng. bol 116 JMltH
21 jl.au
Pu
Siberia?
1832.
jl.au
Pa.pu
Corfu
. DDD W.hortbm.tiO
Ii jl.au Pu' Cnica 1823,
12 jLau
Eng. bot 1675
au Pu
S.Britain
Amer. moi.m.
1798. I) p.l Bot. mag. 606
31 J jn.au
S
18ti5.
D
jn.au Pu
1816. DD
Eng. bM.829
Y
2 my.jl Pu
32 jljnjl Pu England
Carolina chal.fi.
1762. D Jacio. 1.1 Ml
1782. DD p.1
St Siberia
23 j(LS
Italy
182
jn.s Pu
Britain
alma
1)D Eng. bot 2089
Pu
IM
Iberia
1822.
U jnjl Pk
Europe 1824. D i* *4L
Pu S.Germany
1597.
25 jnjl
jn.au D.P
L'ticsnoi.tSS
1777. DDD p.1
p.l
Pu Barbary
1l my.jl
Italy
1823.
Y
my.jl
Iberia
1822.
D
Pu
my.jl
Amer. 1824. D DetatLt.
N.Levant
2 my.jn Pu
Candia 1804
164a DD p.1
Wal.ho.I08.tl9
Pu Canda
211 jn.nu
..
1729.
jnjl Pu
Candia
1640.
D
Pu Levant 1768. D M-hilUlotS

11
il
U jnjl
Pu
Europe 1816.
1714. DD Jac.Timi.ltTO
Y S.Hungary
ptrar.hun.tl
211 iijn.jl
Y
Rochelle
1812.
D p.l
Jac.otattlJ
Y
jnjl
.
G.
H.
177U
If jn.au
AlLpeil.UU
PJ1 Pu
. Spain 1725. D Jacio,
Pu
1 jLau
il
Pa.Y
C.N. G.Amer.?
H. 1774.
D p.1
V
1816.
jl.auu Y S Europe 16831 D JacaiutltS

11 jn.au
Europecorn
1713,Ii. S Jac
Eng.auit*.
bot 1WtW
il.au w.T.P
Pu S.Britain
D
1J jnjl
Pu
1816.
jnjl Pu
I
D CO
1 j babiattt.
jLau Pu Sp Levant
.
47. bed. D Eng. bot. M '
il s Pu Sp. Britain
D
. jL W Britain
2 jn.au Y Siberia 1752. D CO GmcLsib.^'5*
jl
India 1823. S
Labial*. Sp. 16-tSO 1597. Ger.herb.OTll
Pu
' Spain
Jactol.'-'S,
1816. CO Jacaustltlffl
Pa-pu
Levant 164(1.
Sicily
Levant 156. %
Levant
S Europe 1732.
1714. c Boccjiu.lt
C.Britain
G. H. rubble.
1710. Eng. bol
Siberia? 1822. I>D CO
.Pa.pu
^pu Spain 1823. p CO
Pa.pu S. Europe 1714. c HemP".^
Pu
Levant 1714.
1819. U Z
. Spain
îlftJOSiS
p.1 Lun.il!
Candia 1596.
1676.
8316
P301 _
sv "&lli5i2,s"''
/
Use, Propagation,
Cuitare,10" in t^- They
pan1263sirne
>',!History,
' the n0"'m
of th= 1i"
- are for the '
corolla,
Mi'7l',
8e""'
dlv<led
by
Glertitsch
from
Stachys,
on
account
of
the
"'^^'^.
nd - ^^ *- is a pint with lanceolate entire linate loaves, the lower of wr, .-
Ordir I,
OIDYNAMIA i
i *'! ^^"1' U" .te alked

uceo
. Df! kt
.ll
11
as Srtffi Tked
imSS? : ",bove '"""1 i Ixmealh h ' raune >

'ut 6-.
Ies bsiSss:. -
* f, fcB Snuii vfi '*aves ovate bn- t,
] '
loMhrt, Stem wo
pr cren"te roueb
Clam 1
506
69. 1658. D CO Mnr.cgts.u
MOTHRRWOBT. A or 2 Labiatee.
1S67. LEONTJ'RUS. R .curl-leaved
W Sp. Siberia
jUu \V
boL
8S49crlapiu
Britain
Eng.
common
5 or 32 jl.au
- graba.
1756. SS p.1
Mil
it it*.
0 cardiaca W.W.
"jranttos
F
au.
EsotooliLst
Tartarian
G)
or
8351
tatricus
W.
1759.
S
p.l
R Austria 17ia S Jac austS. l* Ii,
5 CD or 22 jn.au
8352 marrubias,rum
eiblricua W. W. Siberian
jn.a Pu
emall-flowered
8353
1816.
D
procumbent 3l ot 1 jD.a W Siberia

8354supinus IV.
1430. 1596.
Bot.lliag.l
Phlomis.Sage or 3 Labiate.
tl268.
jn.jl Y Sp. Spain
8355 PHLO'MIS.
fruticw . en.R. Br. Jerusalem
1596.
U Jn.ati
jn.jl YPu Spain
Smith.spiC-Stf
mallahrabby
8356
lanta
W.
cn.
S,
Europe
1661
2
oror 2 jn.au Pu Italy 1661.
urple
8357
purpurea
Sm.
f _AJor
talian
8.158
itlica
W.
D
1757.
inj YY.Br S.Levant
8359
p.1r- Bol
Europe
1658.
22 jn.au
Bot mag.
mag. *S
lamp-wck
8360 Nieaolii
LvchnltisW.W.
Y Br aN.Europe
Africa 1596.
1714. -DD pi
m ujor
A or 3 jn.jl
Bot
mag.
Saman
8361
Sm.a
W.
R
jl.i Pu Siberia 1802. D iJ Patacpdlt.4

rough-leaved oror hj
8362
Hcrba-vntt
W.
mag.
Alpine
8363
Siberia
1759.
DD Bot
Sweet
fl. gart.
f a or ' jn.o L.P
tuberous
83fi4 alpina
tul*r6saW. W.
Pu
Levant
1731.
Sweet
gamf
or
jagged-leaved
Br
Armenia
1820.
D
;
i1
il
pungent
8366pungem W.
' 818 D RnL Honesty-leaved AA or
oror : jnjl Br
8367
Sm. ruity
Y.Br Levant
Naples 1823.
8368 lunariflia
ferruglnea Tenore
Labial*.
1269.
LEU'CAS.
Br. LiracAS.
S 8.1 Jadeit';'
Hin
PuSp. 5-6.
EW.Indies
8369
reyliiiica .R.Br.
Indies 177717BI. SS s.1s.1
8370 martinicnsis
R.Br. Ceylon
West Indian ES
ED un
un ilil ill'si W
W
E
Indies
1810.
8371
urticiflia
. Br. Nettle-leaved
CD
un Il jLau W E.IL lnmes
no?.
Indice 1189.
8372
. .
Indian
8373 Indica
spera Link.
rough-leaved
iQJ un
un I jl-a W Caramanial818. S s.1
Labial*.
Sp.*.
1570.
LEONCTIS.
LiusTs-Tail. or ad Or E. Indies 1778. _ a-1, Bot reg. S81
837*
nepctiflia
H. ... Br.narrow-leaved
Catmint-leaved
C.C.
H.
1712. p.p IBJciije"
801 "i8-, ti
8375
lConru
H.
i iI oror 311 "d
m il Or
Or
CG.
IL
1713.
Bot reg, W
8376
Leonitis
H.
K.
dwarf-shrubby
\
s'a-o
Or
CG.
H.
18
p.1
8377 intermdia Lindl, intermediate or
Labial*.Pa-pu
Sp. Levant
37. 1556. S
*I271.
W.
Molucca-Balh.O cu 11 jl.au
8378 MOLUCCEI/LA.
apinsa W.
prickly
Bot - "?
1570.
UJ iLau
Pa-pu
Syria
8379
latvia
W.
smooth
O
cu
1796. SD Lp pail iL S. t !"
jl
Pa-pu
TarUry
8380 tuberaa W.
tubcrotia-root i cu
2
1272.
CLINOPfTDlUM.
W. Wild-Basil. A or Labial*.
gra - D 00
|n.au Pk Sp. Britain
8381
W. W. common
8382 vulgare
sgypticum
Egyptian
3[ or i jri'.au Pu Eg)T>t 1759. D
lAibiat*.
127a FYCNANTHEMUM. PA. Ptcnanthemum. 3 jl.o W N. Amer. 1732. D DausUfS
8383
inc&num Ph.
hoary
$t5 A ! au W N. Amor. 1752. D 00 Mich.amt.t
838*
Ph.
awned
8385 ariettum
liniflium
PA.
Flax-leaved
5
A 1J jLau W N. Amer. 1739: D Herrn, p"1
Thymus
virginiciu
W.
8386 lanccoUtum Ph. spear-leaved ^ A or 1 jl.a W N. Amer. 1812. D
p Egypt
1421. 1731 Alp TP"85
MasJORAM. ta. \ J ft 1 Labiata?.
1274.
jn.au Pk
8387 ORl'GANUM
gyptlacum W. W. Egvptian
1551 r.m Bot
Pk Canda
SS
DittanyofCreten1 | or 11 jn.au
8388
DirUmnus
W.
Levant
- Herrn,
Bot
repl"^
M
jn.
Pk
Mount'Srpylus
n.
i
1
or
8389
sipyleum
W.
Sek. han.LW
1
au.s
Pk
Toumefort's
.
i
1
or
8S<I
ToiirneMrti
W.
S.
Europe
1596
Cretan
3 A or 1 jl.au W
8S9I crticum W.
8352
8355
8353
jarfoiy,
Vie,
Propagation,
Culture,conseouentlvrecom
mmended Ui Jullii,f-to
nato
coughs.
It
loosens
the
belly
when
taken
in
large
doses,
cachexies, menstrual obstructions, and hysteria ; but its powersandarewas
not found Oy roooer itionCT1 equal
379.]
the1267.
account
ancientsFrom
gave|,,
of them,
is very
pvescriocd.
teoaunis.
a lion,and
andtherefore
., Uil. itThe
spikesseldom
of fmwers
have beenib"-""^7rTv
comiareu the mil !'
im
Brows on the end of the lion's tail. L. Cardiaca was formerly used in medicine, out is "
erbaceou.
plants
with
cut
leaves
and
whorls
of
flowers,
of
which
the
corolla
is
w'Oony.
because
'
1268. Phlomis. *k,fLK was the Greek name of the Mullein,
in, and
so called from
fui;
M beî
"Ji.ua;
,_^tothedried
dneo
P.*'wicks.
Lychnitis
so caUed,
herthick
were and
usedrusset
as wicks
for lampe.
lamps.
t
Atin Spain
Ithis ,day,
da"for
' ' Fineis shewy
small
emu
leaves,cottony
which leaves
are cottony
colored,
are
used
t
IUOI with
luiBiui,
ui;and
luoiusually
ipnul
1.. yellow
colon
1.
.
down,neglected
of abrownish
S?,',"\ iô.
P'"' "ith corollaused
covered
Ivercd
by
by Linnaeus
and others, and
reetorcu MrmBn>wn
,, a,
derived
.Jr
bv RBurmann,
to the usual color of the flowers, which are covrav
^
Iron, A name
white, in reference
"S covering of wool.
applied to the fine i
"70 LeonoUt From ?.s.vk, a lion, and m, an ear.
. ( L
IDYNAMA GYuttOSPERMiA.
507
83tt Leave*
Learn cunaform
cordate3-lobed
or5-lobed
cut toothed
wary,
Cor.
larger
thancalyx,
pungentcalyx
8350
ovate
3-iobed
toothed,
Cor.
larger
than
pungent
Middle
lobe
oflower
Hp
acute
Leave*
Lea? iparted multifld
cut, Calyxes
83
linearvillous
somewhat
blunt
8353 Leaves
Lv*. ooL3-parted
toothed,
Cor.Lobe*
crcel
longerthan
calyx, Middle lobe oflower Hp r
about
5-lobed,
blunt
toothed atsomewhat
end, Catpungent
senile spiny
I*ae elliptical
oblong blunt
rugose
andrugose,
branches
downywoolly,
; floral Bractes
ovate-lanceolate.
Bracte
ovateasacuminate
8356 toarte*
Leave*
blunt
woolly
Branches
obovate
twice
aa short
calyx
K57
lanceolate
acute
pungent,
CaL
5-cornered
acuminate.
Leaves
densely
woolly
beneath
83j8 Bracto lanceolate blunt unarmed. Cal. truncated pointless, Loaves woolly on each aide
8359 Leave*
Lvs. downy
on eachside
rad.floralconl.ovate,
aagittBractes
; cauline
ohl. Whorls
bractes,
CaLtoothed
with obi.calyx
acuteteeth
8*0
lanceolate
downy: :crenate
setaceous
woollywithout
length
ofbluntly
83l Lv-s.
.Stemovate
hairy,
Lvs,serrate
cordate
downyTeeth
beneath,
Bractes
3-parted
subulate
raucronate
asand
longstem
aa calyx
Bti
olil.
hairy
beneath.
ofcalyx
lane,
subulate
erect,
Bractes
aubuL
sj>3
Radical
leaves
cordate
pubescent
; floral
lanceolate,
Bractes
linear aubulate
villous, Stem pubescenthtirj
hTh
,
"late
pubwicent
flnriii
,
yx
,ancsubulate
erect
I Radical
leaves cordate roughLa; floral
l*av alternatelypinnate.
. oblong lanceolate, Bractes subulate hisniil. *"
>
SIi illibm
acase**
Sit Da
BS [ "
(
*
et
ram"
CVS'
M
De
M
anD",
;
et*
D *"!
> I:
7.a smil *tJ
gjPPj^
lili
lilii ; '!
Sil
.6
>w ', upper ovate
d. SU 4-comered roug, ^
1 S2*S3?gr* *
8SJ8 j...
cut-toothed, taL velvet, M-toothed
Dl>"
S S..h0rti w.
>'
DK
>-d
'
-,9-loothed
upper tooth
,e""e -b.pd rB toolhMi
a good greenhouse and plenty of air to

'nWlo. B'uglu from the Molu badly ventilated th 'ir leaves acquire a yellow color, and are
Ham, remarkable for the enlarged calyx in which th.
foot The tufted horl. of dower, have been com-
Class XIV.
08
Smyrna 1722. r.m 1. te. *92
8332
'
W.W. Smyrna
S,Britain
Europech.wo.
1640. DD s.1.1 Eng. bot 1143
winter.wert
8393
heracleticum
common
8394
vulgare
IV.
Sicily
DD Bocc.miu.L3e
itrge-spiked
ouilee
W.
&Levant
Europe 1759.
1823.
8396
megastcl.yumZ.i*V.
1823.
D
hairy
8397 hrtum Link.
... SD r.m Morts.illtlCl
8398 oblongtum
Link. oblong
1573.
Pk
knotted
8599
Majorna
W.
... Bot. msg.
Pk
8400 majoranodes W. shrubby-sweet
Lahiata:. Sp.203a.
Thyme.
t*I275.
THY'MUS.
L.
Brvifn
heath,.
sp El* bot *
Pu
'
8401
ierp$ilum
W.". wild
... M1
JJjn.ui
jn.au Pu
Pu
840S
lanugin&us
woolly
'
,.*
i
jn.au
8403
citriodrus
P.p.S. S. Lemon
... r.m
41 jn.au
Pu
8414
angustiflius
narrow-leaved
^Sojl
aHungary
Europe 1548.
my.au
Pu
8405vulgris
W.
garden
Ni
1817.

i jn.au Pu
841)6 pannmcus FF. a Hungarian
Crimea
1817.
Pu
i
jnu
Marschall'*
8407
Marschallnue
Sain
180&
Pu ungary 1806. FLrar.htt.UMI a*

Heath-leaved
8408
ericeefliujP.*.
Pu
i1 i jn.au
jn.au
needle-leaved
8409
1816. Black*. tlS
Pu
jn.au Pa.pu
8410]aciculris
niliis W.en.S. shining-leaved
D Pl. rar.hu.1 ;>:Mastick
1
.
8411
MasticMna
W.
StPu Spain
Hungary 1596.
I.
mountain
8413
roontnus
FF.
i
bvg
Crimea
1828.
Bot mag. Sw* 'ir.
i
jnjl
8413 nummulrius / round-leaved
1816.
r.m
W Spain
I jn.au
8414
tomentsus
IV. en. tomentose
Barrel ic 777
sfain
1771.
Pu
Spanish
1
au
8415
Zygie
FF.
A *or 1 jlau Pu Hungary 1802. D PLrar.hu.Ltl
oval-leaved
8416
croticue
P.
S.
Hof.etL
lull.
Portugal
1759.
Pu
8417
cephalteeFF. W. great-headed
. I or }I jl.au
1759. Hof.etLin.l.tl
Pu Portugal
hairy
Alp. exot tTo
84l8vifl6sU8
1640.
1 jn.jl
mv.jn -Pu Candia
goat's
8419
Tragorlganum
FF.
Minorca
8420mifnnis FF.
JU i I or i jnjl Pu Minorca 1770.
4.
Lahiata;. Sp. 57.
1276 A'CYNOS. Pen. Actnos.
8421 vulgaris
Pert. W. Basil-leaved
or Ijn.au V BWain dryh. S Eng h*-" is
Thymus
A'cmot
1817. SS al Jac-aoslLt*
8422 villsus Pert,
villous
O r i jn.S
jn.au R Germany
8423 patavlnus
alpinus Pcrs.
Alpine
13r j
or
F S.Austria
Europe 1731.
1776. al BoL mag.1
f
jn.au
8421
Pera.
Marjoram-lvd.
CE
or
8425 gravolens Hu-h. strong-scented . or 1 jn.au Pu Crimea ...
tH77.
Ph. CiuaiaT.3t or 1 Lahiata:
Sp. 79. 1596 D Bot mag.
8426 CALAMIN'THA.
grandiflra Pera, great-flowered
1 jn.s
jnjl Pu
F Italy
Carolina 1804. D Bot mag- 997
8427 carolinina
Sweet.
Carolina
S
1
or
Thymut
grandiflonu
.
M.
2
jl
au
V
bor . DD al Eng
8428 vulgaris Sweet. common
or UjLo England
Eng. hot
cot. 16
141
ch.hil.
8429
Kpeta Ph.Perl. lesser
i
oror 11 jnjl Pu England
Cav.lc.btf>
Spain
1788.
D
8430
marifolia
Marum-leaved
5
Barr,
ic
*
j
jn.jl
Pu
S.
Europe
1596.
D
r.m
8431 crtica Pert.
Cretan
.CL 1I oror { jl.s Pu Spain 1752: r.m
8432 fruticsa Pert. shrubby
Labiate.W.pu
Sp. 2.ItalT
1278.
MELIS'SA.
W.
Balm.
... PD
8433
Pert.
heart-leaved
mm 11 jn.o
1573.
8434 cordiflia
officinalis
W.
jn.o
W
common
romana
hairy
8401
Propagation,
Culture,
uently relieves"
the
-um;
little
cotton
moistened
withHistory,
it, dye
and Ute,
put
into
the
hollow
of anIt aching
bwtJMrW
pain.
Thea this
country
people
woollen
clothwater
purple
also; ityes
imuso forna,
tw0anddaystnee"J
color. For
purpose
the use
linentheis tops
first tomacerated
in alum
and dried
is men
asuffered
decoction
of the
barkdecoction.
of the crab-tree
it tois the
thenSwedish
wrung experiments,
out of this, boiled
1
to boil
in the
According
goats ana
may , DOnes aro
notO.fond
of
it,
and
kine
refuse
it
,
the name
onitcs
and mariorana
principally
in use under ^
knotted
marjoram,
from the arc
flowerculinary
comingaromtica
in whorls; atthethelatter
joints.being
O. vulgare
and mar'?rlicir,e,
thetaineu
lea'
in
t!ieand
Materia
Medicaforinas tonics
and stomachics,
everis used.
quamarja,
2. tryamyc*
powdered
an ingredient
in cephalicthough
snuff scarcely
Marjorana
so calledLUfrom
,,9,ISThymus.
name, according
I - -to .,ForskaM.
nana . p.i59..icrnunt of if lubanik- smell, which revi. the .,11.
I of anil.11
has *
T.samT'""^'
sfrpyl! fromiin-^, to creep, is fragrant, and
yieldsis milder,
an essential
oil thatmore
is very"
T[ wselitia!
o''
ftrb^qualit'eardennyme,butthe
6avor
and
rather
gratefiit
prjietranM
warrnVb
ai
cr
4uantity
and
less
acrid,
and
its
spirituous
extract
comes
greatly
short
an
Bromatic
dar?. particularly
^ "
the other.
It is aincommon
that the flesh
sheepis, that
Plants,
wildofthyme,
is superior
flavor tonotion
other mutton.
The o?truth
that lewiui
sliecp 00l
509
D1DYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
I.
S39
Leave*
ante
acute
serrated,
Spikes
clustered
In
umbell
1 Spikes
Spike* onroundish
long atalki
aggregate,
Iiracle*
thelonger
length than
of calyx orate colored
'M
panicled
cluatered.
Bracte
5
Spike)
oblong
aggregate
hairy,
Leave*
cordate
downy calyx
smooth ciliated at edge
8*6
Leaves
(talked
ovate
pubesc
Spike*
cluatered
prismtica',
BracteaBractea
imbricatedenae
oviateovate
7
atalked
ovate
acute
aubaerrate
hairy,
Spikea
priamatical,
83S9'* Leave*
Leaves
aubanaile
ovate
acute
aubaerrate
hairy,
Spikea
oblong
bluntiah
Spika roundiah
atalked,
aulked
elliptellipt.
bluntbit ~
MWSpikea
roundiah thin
aeveralccmpact
cluatered
atalked,Leavea
Leavea
atalked
Floaten
Fb.en capitate.
capitate, Sterna
Sterna decumbent,hairy,Leavea
Bat blunt
blunt ciliated at base
MS
Leavea
WC leave* ovate
rmooth withcreeping
the .mell of common
balm villous
23
ff"m1c"F,t>.
Sternaovate,
procumbent,
Leavea
cunate
linear ciliated at base
leavea revolute
In whorled
apikea
7 fmh"11
^
"Flowen
m''^*T. aerpyllum,
dor.lancwithbluntiah
a more flat
obscure
in theciliated
orifice at base
STStSi
,'"
1"h1"ed
"
I*""**
aboutspot
Ancrved
Ho
[S? revolute
lmear-lanc.
nairy, Unear
Head few.fiowered
axillary beneath,
atalked
S
il
IZ,14
to
g**ft!*i
Lc'V"
nerved
and
furrowed
Brades
ovate
H L T,1', " * '" -hrubby erect, Lva. ellipt. entire acute .moot* ahining above
Ml!
. !t ffi**1 Sl wonl X
'""i "etaocou.
sepnenta
r^toZ2$!?"^
'
er, entireciliate
and calyxes
naked
Mliwltalhirt
i?* ft!*!
"'"1"'"1J*"*
alry
atonbaseeachnearly
55
Kim
b
SS
U.*1"*"1"
-*nerved
I
downy
aideat base
M16
Mm
IZ
.Pf'*
i*
!21
"""
,
'
revolute
at
idee
ciliated
?Klrtoii",^&
twicelinear
a. long
a. calyx. Stem villous
Ml" Heat Scaled
L*blunt
^ - nerved entire
< sc.*. Cor.
'C",C*
cntire
8*toHoweri
whorled.
Stem
half-whrubhy
erect,
I-cave*
hispid
acuminate
) Flowen axillary lubsoiitaxy stalked, heaves cordate acute entire, Stem* Aliform
Stem erect branched at baae, Leaves ovate acute
j*iS
H'rnite
villouiLeaves
largernearly
than the
Stem much
it
Whorls 6-fl.
bluntlast.
roundish
cone*
^Nearljrimooth,
Whorls1-flow.
i-10-fl.
Leaves
ovate
til. whorled, Pedunc
Stem
branched
Leave* roundish acute subecrrate at end hairy
Pedun.
axilL
3-+..
Bractes
lanc
sessile.
leaves
ovate
acute
finely serrated
"aves rhomboidoval obcoleteJy toothed upward*. Whorls somewhat
stalked about 10-. shorter than leaf
jjjl Stem weak, Pedun, axilL many-fl. dichotomous, Lva. ovate blunt serrated hairy dotted
7^
axilLsomewhat
many-fl. intoothed
dichotomous
ovate
blunt nubserrate
oZl jTOunc,
Tw ov"te
glaucous,corymbs,
Pedunc.Lve.axilL
dichotomous,
Segm.emoothish
of calyx equal
R*
very short
. 7.*""
Blanche, "J."""*1thin twiggy,Peduncles
Leaves solitary
downy beneath
HA Wwf"
oori*tc crenate-toolhed,
axillaryovate
elongated
rmns .8
halved subsessile,
Bractea oblong Branche
stalked, Leaves
acute flowering
serrated
Si
'^^
an'* MiaceUnneou$
b*^ccnrr?ta,hnIcs"
now
tncn
accident,
orParttcuitu*.
theyplants
are first
turneda short
on hungry
twt
sdtated
tn
t*Z,'
but}he
"il
id
situations
favorable
towhen
aromatic
produce
sweet to downs.
^doj^!^'"
êep.whom
nature
designed
for
m~
~
and
not
for
turnip
>
f pUntl ar ^ChTm of * to thie a other aromatic ants
is wellnatural
known.state, on dry exposed downs,
its most
" âll and
*? Tre ** than wild thyme. ther
plants, it runs
up with a slender
Jl'l**mra Ur^.i, U r'^ eleo much in the sn: thnces
The stalk
flowersto
or hite
ha'-', ^^^cremhr,^
T nrtgari. h fr^
l^0^"1"?.'
and
11
11"
.1
colt
otherwithVcrticlllata
111 tlrk
lu'l',ti
tbrirol'e ffir , Oli,,ll"ion
withcommon
water. toIn Spain ' they infuse it in the nd
pickle
ml
imon,
it was
muchprobably
used inwascookery.
j
in
tP*
Grwlt
nsme
'
haUan
plant,
which
related
to
Thy
17. bbSJt^bj Linnsu*.
tai*"*Wr*nti^rom*^.beauti'ul.
and u^, mint. An ancient Greek name of a plant supposed
fl'^cri.ft^'hl* ê Creek name of the bee, from ., honey, which is sought by bee* in the**
M indeed it is in aU the plants of the order. The recent plant has the agreeable odor of
510
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMI A.
Class XIV.
t*l79.
DRACOCETHAI.UM.
If.
DeioN's-.
LabiatM.
Sp.
19-85.
8435 virginiinum If. Virginian or 3 jLi 1-B N. Amer. U pJ 8otmag.4i7
8416 variegtum
denticulatumPA. variegated
Carolina
au. StPu Carolina

Carolina 181.
1|S7. 1) P-i Hc-t. * -U
8437
oror 1J1 auj
LSI
84 palmtum
canarien/eIf.(f. palraated
Balm of (Jilead isa. i_J
or 3 jn.au
jl. Pu
Pa.pu Sibena
Canaries 181
7. U r.tn Vent
Com. hDii.iLi.il
8439
or
8440
If. pnckly-leaved
oror 1j jnjl
jl.au Siberia
BoL icnag.1. 1Iii
8! peregrinum
auitrlacum W.
Amtrian
5S
Austria 1758.
97. OP". Jac.
8442
Huyschna PKW. peat-flowered
Hyssop-leaved 55 oror 21 jljn.jl Siberia
N. Europe |
UP
8443 aluirum
grandlttrum
1739.
1) P I Fl.
BoL.mag.Kll
8444
If.
Bctony.leaved
1
1
jl
au
Pu
(Jeorpa
.
Li
KrapeLL'-
8445 sitilricum If.
Siberian
S or 1 jli.au L.B Siberia 760. U pi BoL mag. 185
8446fi albijiurum
Moldvica W. wtiitc-JUnucred
Moldavian
or 2 jl.au Moldavia 159b. ,Li " LilLtSll
8447
cansccns
If.
hoary
jl.au
Levant
Levant 1711
8448
pelttum
WFitch. Willow-leaved
ororor 1121 J jl.au
jl.au Pu
711. L>U Swcetfl.gni3
LamilLUBli *>*
8449
arpeme
rough-flowered
II
Sillera
Bol cali.SI
84.50 specisum Hort. ihewy
or 3 jl.au Siberia 18. JJ Sweet
. gants ...
8451
botryoides
Are.
cut-leaved
or
ltjl.au
Pu
Sillona
1822.
>
8452
nutans
W.
nodding
5
1
i,au
Siberia
1731.
U
L
reg.
S41 }
8453 thymiflrum W. imall.flowered or J jn.i Pu Siberia 17.:2. GmeLiailS
1280.
MELITTIS.
If.
...
Labial*.
Sp.Z-4.
8454fi alpina
MclissophfHum If. common
,*
England woods.
Alpine
or
or 1\ my.jn
my.jn FF Swilierl.
... U .1157
8455 grandiflora . . great-flowered JA 1 my W.T England woodj. D Eng. bot. 6
1281.
(yCYMUM.
W.If. thyrse-flowcred
Labiate.W Sp. E.2050.

8456
Ihvrsinorum
Q]
un
Indies 1806.
8457
suave If.
swcet-stcnted ..
O un
un 33ljjl.au
jLi
W
1816. "I.s.1 JacvmdL;!
8458vlride
W en.
en.
green
il. Vlja
181684VJ
monachorum W. monk'i
un 21 jl.au
jl.au W
Iii.
846 gratluimum
ihrubby
H. KS
un
un
W E Indies
Indies 1802.
liaS. S s.1i l Jac.ic.3t4b
84*11
21 jlau
i.o W
L'Hesnov Lsl
8462 grandiriorum
Ilasllicum If. W. great-flowered
common-sweet n. i | cul
W Abyssinia
India 1548.
s r.m Black.
846.!
minimum
If.
bush
oui
1
jl.au
W
E.
Indies
1571
S
r.m
Seh.
hautL 1Li*
s !..t ...me tum If.
purple-stalked un I jl.s Pu E. Indies 1758. S s. Mamsl.IO.iyj
84115 pilsum W. en. ciliated
] un 1 jl.s W
1816. si
8466
American j
jl.au Pa.pu
W EIndia
178a SS s.si JacviniLiLfti
8467 americnum
tcnuiflrum If.If.W. slender-spiked
un
un
111 jl.au
jl.au
Indies 1783.
1701
Ru. am.5.LKf
58468
polystachyon
many-spiked
[
un
W
E
Indies
SS s.1s.1 Mur.co.goUL
8469
mentholdes
Mint-leaved (Djun
ES un 11 jljLau
W E Indies 1783.
8470
micrnthum
W.
en.
small-flowered
au
Pa-pu
1816.
S
al
8471 capitclltum
mlle W. If. small-headed
heart-leaved O
1 s.o VW China
E. lndiea 1781.
58472
un
1806. S Ms.1
847.1 fctirlfupim LindL
fever-plant . a
m 311 jl.au
in.o W S. laxme 1822.
8474 Canum
Sims.Linie, hoary
O un
1 il
W China 1822.
58475
nolyeldum
manv-branched O
un lfjn.o
W
1823. SS BoL mag. 3
LumiMfeera oeymoides Jacq.
1*1282.
PLCTRANfHUS.
If. Plectntiiii_J8.or 3 jn.i
Labiate. Sp. 8-13.
}846 fruticsus
G. H. /4.
58477
1 orskohl'iW.If. ahrubhv
Forskonl's ..
or .Abyssinia
1806. r.m
l.p L'Her.iiai.l
BoL
mus.Her--"j<i
8478parviflrus
If.
en.
smalIrflowered
.
i
|
or
3
jn.s
S.
Amer.
1805.
W. bort.
S479srutellarioldei./lr. skullcap-like or 2 jLau Indies 1764. S Lp
Lp BoL
mag- 14(6
O'chnum
Ku/cilarioide*
H.
.
8480
If.
dolled
Q
Africa 1775.
L'HrA87.tJl
8481 puncttus
comsus Simt.
comnee
22 ja.my
au Nepal
1821. SS r.m
BoL
mag. W
8482
terntus
Shns.
Omime
Plant
*
1
or
4au
Pu
Madagasc.1821.
8483 incnus Unk.
hoary
or 3 jl.au
1822. DD r.m BoL mag. 4
8441 .îifuî .
8443 \ \.'
I,.,,,,,,,., ,.
Hiitory, Ute, Propagation, Culture
mall
p\, if rtiibS'SE
^, *n,
48hy
aromatic
taste. ItInis distillation
with
waler, M*"
rormer^pr^*
1^" "Mf''
oil, on which
its'
dc|x.nds.
and diuretic,
^^^V,li,ra^,,!,
^bMdrtol
andodor
nervous
: tomachic
but beit cut
is now
onlyxin .
U then mor odiSfs ^ rd,lucnt ")

For medicinal
theafleclions
herb should
beforeusedit flowers,
1279.
DracarZ*
?~
<t?<fo"
Dispensatory,
383.)
Lamiom, G.leS"^
a drilon- "d '**. heii A name appUed In the same sense sj
J"ch
the garSf',,,?
Most ofmells
thTspecie.
are plant,
of ornament,
and cultivated
"ors., .So!To,7a
[b^ ">- ee"ora.
D- can"i
if cilron,
especially
when robbed
between IM
a austmeun, is ,
'Pnjg, 't may be planted out in the borders like other tender annJau.
pi-nit lor a flower border.
511
5
Smooth,
Flowers
spiked
ckwe,
Leaves
linear
lanceolate
serrated
8-136 Spikes
Flowenihort
(pikedi-cornered,
remote, Leaves
obovate
lanceolate
upwards upward*
8437
Corollaobolng
variegated,
Leavestoothlettcd
oblong tootblctied
6438
spiked.
LeavesLvg.tmate
8439
FlFLFlowers
somewhat
spiked,
roundish
cuneiform
sinuate-toothed.
Upper Bractes
lip ofcal.lin.undivided
mucronaiKink
ai3f fa 8440
spiked.
Leaves
lanceolate
remotely
mucronate attoothed,
lane,somewhat
toothed
spin?
8441 Flowers
Fb.somewhat
spiked,
Lvg.
sessile
linear
mucronate,
Cauline3-5-parted
base,
Stem
branched
villoue
i* Hhil 81
spiked.
Leaves
and
bractes
lanceolate
undivided
pointless,
Stem
nearly
simple
smooth
MM Fk whorled,Bad.
Lvs. lvs.
obi. curdov
blunt toothed
stalked, Bracios
lane,
entire, Upperacutelytoothed,
lip of cal- ellipt.Teeth
bluntofcaL
undivided
Dt Dite
Eifa BtiFli-wborled,
- caulinesessile
roundish
wedge-shaped
equal
6445
Howm
whorled.
Whorls
stalked
bifid
one-sided,
leaves
lane,
cordate
acum.
serrated
smooth
$446 Flowers whorled, Bractes lanceolate deeply toothed doited beneath, Lower eerraturea subciliated
87 Flowers
whorled, Bractes
oblong
Cal.
striated pubescent. Tube of cor. longer than calyx
8
Klowerserect.whorled,
orbicularciliated,
serrate
ciliate
UE UIi
Di if 8449
Stem
LeavesBractes
linearfinely
lanceolate
bluntentire
entire
at edgeIx>wer
rough,teeth
Twoofupper
teeth
0
Leaves
broad-lanceolate
serrated
at
base,
calyx
longestofcalyx
6451 Flowers
Flowers whorled,
in spiked Bractes
heads, Leaves
roundish
pinnatid
crenate
downy
on
each
side
S Sa
Cor. twice
as long
calyx nodding
j Flowen whorled, Bractes oblong
oblong ovate
entire,entire.
Cor. scarcely
larger
thanascalyx
11 8454 heiiet opposite ovate toothed. Calyx S-lobed hairy
, 456 Cil 4-lobed smooth. Cor. yellowish white, Segment oflower Hp violet in the middle
Cd * fc^ < much benched
S SiSESSa SS '-e acutely serrated hoary beneath
Si's)Cil S ,: >, UaVei lanccolatc vate sub omentose,
jJ I*- 2 {ves ovate smooth,

Leaves
ovate
entientire
'
lait
4 Leaves somewhat
pffiiS;SrXXb'Tkri,e?,a'yH'
"!"" h*ir* >*e, cordate
m I? t, ,e" lanM<>1>e rrate
*
PedU"C- 1-flowe
'-fl<,WerCd ""^ S' 1f.Im.bby o.rly *,,
,?'"1' S,,m f"* hairy mfc.
? a Nai<* 4>rM. "^cte. cordate .cumin
,
1% Bractra " <ûal to dower ovale
JSO. Jfo/irti.
a,ld Misceliawws Particular*.
*hiV"^^nnrIoal.1,S^ta"LS"^1,,;,
" cum
1 "," Ei n,h
cookeryP"B>~"areneglected,
cvcral
v, ,>-,,*,, royal) and
formerly inusedf>=nc"
in medicine;
buthere
are now
bot
E,.ba"
terminated
b7.3T|
I
cock
'
"P1"'
"1ur.ilke4V01d4e. Hju/^hrubbyptonuwlthpurploof Bo.erafajl
512
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA,
Class XIV.
*1283. TRICHOSTEMA. W. Taichostewa.
Labiate. Sp. 2-4.

Marjoram-leav.
O prl jn.jl
B
N. Amer. 1759.
sessile-leaved 5 Co pr1 jn.au B.
N. Amer. 1732.
1284. PROSTANTHE/RA. R. B. Prosta Nthena.
Labiatae. Sp. 1-13.
8486 lasianthos R. Br.
villous-flower'dra. Lu or 2 jn.jl
Pu.w N. S. W. 1808.
1285. SCUTELLARIA. W. Skull-CAP.
Labiatae. Sp. 21-30.
8487 orientlis W.
ellow-floweredy A or 1 jl.s
Y
Levant 1729.
8488 grandiflra P.S.
arge-flowered
A or 1: jlau
P.Y Siberia
1804.
8489 albida W.
hairy
A or 13 jn.jl
W.pu Levant
1771.
8490 alpina W.
Alpine
A or
a jn.o
B.w Hungary 1752.
84.91 lupulina W.
Tartarian
A or 1 jn.s
Y.w Tartary 1739.
8492 lateriflra W.
Virginian
A or 1 jn.s
B
N. Amer. 1752.
8493 pilosa Ph.
pubescent
A or 1 jl.au
B
N. Amer. 1805.
8494 galericulata W.
COInnon
A or 1 jn.s
B
Britain wat.pl.
8484 dichtoma W.
$8485 brachita W.
84.95 minor W.
8496 hastiflia Pers.
8497 carolinina Ph.
8498 integriflia Ph.

8499 serrta Ph.
8500 havannsis W.
8501 peregrina W.
8502 columnae W.
8503 altissima W.
8504 crtica Jy.
8505 parvula Mich.

8506 rubicnda W. en
8507 pllida Bieb.
1286. PRUNELLA. W.
8508 vulgris W.
alba
8509 ovta Pers.
8510 pensylvnica W.
8511 hyssopifolia W.
8512 grandiflra W.
8513 lacinita P. S.
8514 intermdia P. S.
8515
1287.
8516
1288.
incisa Link.
CLEONIA. W.
lusitnica W.
PRA*SIUM. W.
8517 mjus W.
85.18 minus W.
1289. PHRY/MA. W.
8519 leptostchya W.
lesser
hastate-leaved
Carolina
entire-leaved
saw-leaved
Havannah
Florentine
heart-leaved
tall
Cretan
least
pink
pale
A or
A or
A or
A or
A or
"2 [Z\] or
A or
A or
A or
* L-J or
Sy O cu
A or
a or
Self-Heal.
3. A m
white-flowered Y. A cu
oval-leaved
O un
Pensylvanian sy. A un
Hyssop-leaved
A un
great-flowered
A un
yellow-flowered
O un
various-leaved St. A un
cut
St. A un
common
CleoNia.
sweet-scented
PRAsiuM.
O or
great Spanish * cu
small Sicilian *... I cu
PhRYMA.
4.jl.au
Pk
Britain
Pk
L.B
p.]
s.l.
s.l.
p.l
p.1
Bot mag. 2120

Bot. mag. 635
Sab.hort. 3. t.29
Sweet fl. gard.90
Schmidel.ic.t.T3
D. p.
Pluk.am. 442.2
D p.1
D co
Eng. bot. 523
Eng. bot. 524
D co
D co
Lam.ull. t.515.f3
D plPluk.al. t.441.f6
D. s.l. Bot. rep. 494
D. s.l.
D co
Jac.obs. 2. t.29
Plrar.hu.2.t.125
D co Sweet fl. gard 52

D p.1 Bot mag. 2548
C. s.l
S. p
Hook. ex fl 10
D co
D co
D
S.
D
D
Gmel. sib. t. 58
co
l.p
pl W. hort ber to
p.1 Mor. s.11. ti, f.7
D plBot, mag.2014
S p.1
D. s.l.
Lam.ill. t.316.f.3
Bot. mag. 337
D co
Portugal 1710. S co
Labiatae. Sp 9.
jn.au Pu
Spain
jn.au Pu
Sicily
Labiatae. Sp. 1.
slender-spiked St A cu 1* aus
D.
D.
D
D
D.
Britain me.pa. D co Eng bot. 961
i jLau
W
Britain me.pa.
jLau Pu
America ...
* jls
Pa.B. N. Amer. 1801.
*.jls
L.B France
1731.
* jls
L.B Austria 1596.
Tijls
Y
Austria 1713.
* jls
Pk
Portugal 1790.
*.jl.s
Pk
......
1823.
J.abiatae. Sp. 1.
1 jn.jl
C. s.p Diel. t.285.f369

C. s.p Bot. reg. 143
m.hed. D co
* jn.jl
Pu
Germany 1798.
14.jn.jl
B
Carolina 1811.
2 jn.s
B
N. Amer. 1731.
4 jn.s
B
N. Amer. 1800.
2 myjn B
Havannah 1793.
2 jn.o
V
Italy
1683.
1: jn.au B
Italy
1806.
1 jl.au
D.P Levant 1731.
1 jn.jl
Pu
Crete
1729.
+jn.jl
B
N. Amer. 1822.
2 jl.au Pk
......
1823.
2 jl.au W
Crimea 1824.
Labiatae. Sp. 8-10.
*jl.au
S. s.1
Mill.ic. 1. t. 70
1699. C rm Fl. graeca, 584

1752.
C. r.m.
W.pu N. Amer. 1802. D 1.p Pl.amal.t.380.f.5
ANGIOSPERMIA.
t"1290. GESNERIA. W.
GEsNERIA.
Gesnerieae. Sp. 6-25.
8520 acaulis W.
stemless
* D or 1
...
S
Jamaica
$8521 tomentsa W.
woolly
rt. D or 2 jn.n
S
S. Amer.
8522 aggregta Ker.
aggregate
x [A] or 2 au
S
Brazils
8523 bulbsa Ker.
bulbous
[A] or 2 my.jn S
Brazils
$8524 prasinta Ker.
green
* D or 3 myjn G
Brazils
85.25 tubiflra Cav.
tube-flowered sy DA] or 2 f.mr S
S. Amtr.
t1291. GLOX1/NIA. W.
GloxiNIA.
Gesnerieae. Sp. 2.
8526 maculta W.
spotted-stalked ic [A] or
jl.o
Pu
S. Amer.
8527 specisa B. Reg.
many-flowered a [Z\] or
* jn.n
Pu
S. Amer.
1793.
1752.
1816.
1816.
1818.
C
C.
C
C.
C.
1.p
p.
p.1
p.
p.1
Sloja.1. t. 102.f.1
Bot mag. 1023
Bot reg.329
Bot reg.343
Bot. reg. 4:8
1815. D p.1 Cav.ic. t. 584

1739. C sp Bot. mag. 1191
1815. C. s.p Bot...reg. 213
1283. Trichostema. From 6:1; reixas, hair, and renua, a stamen, because its long slender stamens resemble
hairs.
1284. Prostanthera. Named in allusion, to the spurs of the anthers, the word being, derived from
reor:}***, an appendage, and aw$za, the anther. Strong smelling shrubs, natives of New Holland. Flowers
cither racemose or terminal.
1285. Scutellaria. From scutilla, a small vessel, on account of the figure of the calyx, which is not unlike
a cup with its handle. The calyx inverted, presents the
of a helmet with visor raised.
1286. Prunella. A barbarous name softened down by Linnaeus frt-nu the Brunella of some authors, and so
called from the German die Brune, a disorder in the jaws and throat, which this plant is said to cure.
Herbaceous plants common by way-sides all over Europe.
---
ORDER I.
-F"
DIDYNAMIA Gym NOSPERMIA.
Bus
8484 Stamens very long exserted, Leaves linear

8485 Stamens short included
8486 Leaves lanceolate tooth-serrated smooth, Racemes panicled, Corolla hairy

8487 Leaves cut downy beneath, Spikes rounded 4-cornered
8488 Leaves cordate cut crenate pubescent on each side shorter than footstalk, Spikes short 4-cornered
8489 Leaves subcordate serrate rugose opaque, Spikes 1-sided, Bractes ovate
8490 Leaves cordate cut serrate crenated, Spikes imbricated rounded 4-cornered, Bractes twice as short as fl.
84.91 Leaves cordate cut serrate acute smooth, Spikes imbricated rounded 4-cornered, Bractes length of flower
8492 Much branched, Leaves smooth with a scabrous keel, Racemes lateral leafy
8493 Hairy, Leaves ovate rhomboid crenate, Flowers subracemose
8494 Leaves cordate lanceolate crenate, Flowers axillary
8495 Leaves cordate ovate nearly entire, Flowers axillary
8496 Leaves quite entire, lower hastate, upper sagittate, Flowers axillary
8497 Branched very smooth, Leaves stalked linear lanceolate acute entire, Racemes loose leafy, Cal, blunt
8498 Simple densely pubes. Lvs. subsess obl. or linear bluntentire attenuated at base, Racemes loosish leafy
8499 Branched tall pubescent, Leaves ovate acuminate serrate on short stalks, Racemes usually panicled
8500 Leaves cordate ovate crenate, Flowers solitary axillary, Each lip of cor. trifid
8501 Leaves cordate serrate, Spikes elongated 1-sided, Bractes stalked ovate longer than calyx
8502 Leaves oblong cordate serrate pubes. Spikes elongated 1-sided, Bractes stalked ovate shorter than calyx
8503 Leaves cordate oblong acuminate serrate, Spikes nearly naked
8504 Villous, Leaves cordate blunt and bluntly serrated, Spikes imbricated, Bractes setaceous
8505 Suboillous, Leaves ovate entire all alike, Flowers axillary
8506 Related to S. albida from which it differs in being much less hairy, and in its more slender flower
8507 Lvs. cord. cren. serrate bluntish villous, Spikes long 1-sided hispid, Bractes stalked ovate longer than cat.
8508 Lvs. stalked obl. ovate somew. toothed, Upper lip of cor. trun. with 3 awns, Stem ascending, Spike round
8509 Leaves broad ovate toothed, Stem much branched, Spikes ovate
8510 Lvs. stalked ovate lanc. toothed at base, Lips of cal. equal: upper truncate with 3 awns, Stem ascending
8511 Leaves sessile lanceolate entire rough, Stem erect
8512 Leaves stalked oblong ovate toothed at base, Upper lip of cor. trifid, Stem ascending
8513 Small, Stem nearly simple villous, Leaves pinnatifid lower oblong, Cor. pale { *llow
8514 Leaves entire and sinuated toothed rugose hairy, Upper lip of cor. truncate slightly 3-toothed
8515 Upper leaves linear-lanceolate: lower sinuate toothed somewhat hairy
8516 Bractes laciniate
8517 Leaves ovate oblong serrated

8518 Leaves ovate with a double cremature on each side
8519 Leaves stalked ovate serrated, Spikes terminal long

ANGIOSPERMIA.
8520 Leaves lanceolate ovate serrated somewhat stalkcd terminal, Pedunc. 3-fl. shorter than leaves
8521 Leaves ovate lanceolate crenate hairy, Peduncles lateral very long bearing corymbs
8522 All vill. Branches rounded, Lvs. opp. obl. ovate crer. Ped. 2-4 axill. 1-fl. aggregate, Cor.clavate cylind.
8523 All pubes. Lvs. opp, ovate ellipt cord at base serr cren, Panicle numer opp. spread dist. Ped,corymbose
8524 All pubes. Lvs. oval lanc. velvety above, Panicle leafy, Fl. with a campan.inflated orifice, Limb oblique
85.25 Leaves opposite ovate crenulate tomentose, Flowers axillary 2-3 together downy
8526 Leaves oblong cordate crenate rugose, Stem spotted
85.27 Leaves hoary ellipt. or oblong crenate, Pedunc. erect longer than flower, Sepals angular acuminate
1287. Cleonia. An ancient Greek name employed by Theophrastus, lib. 7 cap. 4.: the Cleonaeum of Pliny.
This is an annual plant six or eight inches high, and nearly related to Prunella, from which some eminent
French botanists do not distinguish it.
1288. Prasium. The Greek name of the horehound, which this plant resembles in some respects.
1289. Phryma. A Lianean name, the meaning of which is unknown.
1290. Gesneria. In honor of Conrad Gesner, of Zurich, the famous botanist and natural historian, called
the German Pliny. Very fine herbaceous or half-shrubby plants, some of which are remarkable for the
brilliance of their colors.
1291. Glorinia. In memory of Ben. Petr. Gloxin, of
", author of Observationes Botanicae, Argens
I.
--
--
514
1992. LINNAEA. W.
-"
CLAss XIV."
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
Caprifoliaceae. Sp. 1.
8528 borealis W.
two-flowered 2. A pr? my..au F
Scotl.
dryst.c.
1993. MELIANTHUS. W. HoNey-Flower.
Rutaceae P Sp. 2-4.
8529 mjor W.
great
* L or 10 my.jl
C. G. H. 1688.
8530 minor W.
small
a u-J or 2 au
C. G. H. 1696.
t*1994. BIGNONIA. W. TRUMPET-Flower.
Bignoniaceae.
27-75.
8531 anguis W.
Barbadoes
Aor 10
...
Y
. Indies 1759.
8532 aequinoctilis W.
uinoctial
Ael 40 ap.o
Y
Guiana
1768.
A Chamberlaynii
amberlayne's mel 40 ap.o Y
Brazil
1820.
85.33 allicea W.
Garlick-scent. alcu 10
...
Y
W. Indies 1790.
8534 lauriflia W.
Laurel-leaved alor 20
...
... Guiana 1804.
$8535 paniculta W.
panicled
Aor 20 ...
Pu
W. Indies 1738.
8536 crucigera W.
cross-bearing a
or 20 ...
Y.s S. Amer. 1759.
$8537 uncta B. M.
hooked
or
jn.s
Y
Guiana 1804.
85.38 capreolta W.
four-leaved
or 15 jn.jl
S
N. Amer. 1710.
8539 pubscens W.
downy
Aor 15 jn.jl
Y
Campeachy1759.
8540 rigscens Jacq.
stiff
Aor 20 jn.jl
Pk
Caraccas 1823.
8541 lactiflra Wahl.
milk-white
Aor 20 jn.jl
W.
SantaCruz1823.
8542 meonntha Link. small-flowered T
or 20 jn.jl
Pk
N. Holl. 2 ...
8543 grandiflia Jacq. large-flowered
or 60 ap.jl
Y
Caraccas 1816.
8544 ventista B. Reg.
comely
flor
s.d
Or
S. Amer. 1816.
LINNAEA.
D 1.p Eng. bot. 433

Sks.l.
Sks.l
Bot. reg. 45
Bot mag. 301
w'
8545 echinta W.
8546 triphylla W.
$8547 pentaphylla W.
8548 Leucxylon W.
$8549 radicans W.
a major
A minor
85.50 grandiflra W.
1 stans W.
8552 chelonoides W.
bristly-fruited a CD or 20
three-leaved
85.55 indica W.
8556 prcera W.
$8557 linearis Cav.
Indian
Box-leaved
linear-leaved
1295. JACARANDA. Juss. JacARANdA.

8558 carolinina R.Br. Carolina
8.559 ovaliflia R.Br.
oval-leaved
1296. SE/SAMUM. W.
Oil Y-GRAiN.
oriental
Indian
C Lp
Plum, ic. 56 f 1
Plum ic. t. 58
Bot mag. 1511
Bot. mag. 864
Jac.schon. t. 210
Vah, symb. t. 66
Bot reg. 418
Bot. reg. 249
W.
...
Pk
Or
Or
S. Amer. 1733.
Jamaica 1733.
W. Indies 1759.
N. Amer. 1640.
N. Amer. 1640.
N. Amer. 1640.
China
1800.
America 1730.
E. Indies 1808.
E. Indies 1794.
R.
C
C
R
R.
C.
C.
S.
R.
C
l.p
1.p
lip
sp
s.p
s.p
r.m.
l.p
l.p
lip
N. S. W.
India
Guiana
Mexico
Sp. 2-4.
Bahamas
Brazils
C
C
C
C
sp Bot mag.865
lip
lip Aub, gui.2 t 265
pl Cav. ic. 3. t. 269
or 20 il.au
u_j or
D or
L] or
L or
30 jl.au
12 au
30
...
30
...
Or
Y
R.
W
ap.jl
...
W
...
B
...
Pk
Bignoniaceae.
u_j or 10 jl.au B
D or 10 ap.my B
or
40
L] or 80
D or 20
1804. C 1-p Aub. gui.2. t.264
1793.
1775.
1793.
1825.
Marcg.bra.t.118
Bot. rep. 43
Bot mag. 485
Cates car.l. t.65
Bot. mag. 1398
Plum, ic. t. 54
Rheemal.6 t.26
Rox.cor.2. t. 144
1724. C. p.1 Cates car.l. t.42

1818. C. p.1 Bot reg. 631
Pedalinae. Sp. 2-4.

W.
E. Indies 1731.
[C] clt 1: jl
[O] clt li jl
Papu
tl297. PENTSTEMON. W. PENtstEMoN.
Scrophularineae.
8562 campanulta W.
bell-flowered it. - or 1 mr.o L. Pu
8563 laevigta W
smooth
a or 2 au.s
L.Pu
8564 hirsuta W.
narr.-lvd.-hairy Y. ZN or 1 aus
L.Pu
8560 orientle W.
8561 indicum W.
1.p
lip
s.p
s.p
s.p
sp
sp
s.p
s.
a D or 10
...
D or 20
...
12 jn.jl
30 jl.au
or 30 jl.au
tree
C
C
L.
L.
C.
C
C
C.
C.
Guiana
great Ash-lvd.
spathcea W.
salver-shaped
Spathodea longiflra P. S.
$8554 austrlis H. K.
New S. Wales
Bot reg. 741
C lip
Pk
###
or
large-flowered
branching
Plum.ic.t55.f.1
C s.l.
...
five-leaved
white-wooded
Ash-leaved
small Ash-lvd.
L. s.p Plum.amer.t.94
C. s.l.
E. Indies 1731.
Sp. 9-11.
Mexico 1794.
N. Amer. 1776.
N. Amer. 1758.
S co
Rheemal.9. t.54
S co
Bot. mag. 1788
D. p.1 Bot mag. 1878

D. p.l Bot mag. 1425
D. p.1 M.h. s.11. t.21.f3
85328
History, Use, Propagation, culture,
1785, quarto, Handsome low herbaceous plants, with fine shewy flowers. The Gloxinia speciosa is a favorite
in every hothouse, on account of the beauty of its rich purple blossoms.
1292. Linnara. So named by Gronovius, in honor of the celebrated Carl von Linn, the reformer of natural
history, and the father of the modern physical sciences. His works are not less numerous than important; it
is to be wished that such another man, with equal talent, industry, and judgment, could be found at the present
day, to rescue the science of natural history from the confusion to which it is fast approaching.
1293. Melianthus. From wixa, honey, and 2,90s, flower. A shrub, native of the Cape of Good Hope, the blossoms
of which are a great attraction to bees. . Both the known species are common in collections, but seldom flower.
1294. Bignonia. In memory of Abb Bignon, librarian to Louis XIV., born 1662, died in 1743. He was the
friend and patron of most of the learned men of his time, and especially of Tournefort, by whom this truly
noble genus was named. The species are trees or shrubs, inhabitants of hot climates: the leaves are opposite,
pinnate, ternate, or conjugate: the flowers in panicles, large, and handsome, of various colors, red, blue,
yellow, or white, and eminently beautiful. The stove sorts grow freely in loam and peat, and young cuttings
root in sand under a hand-glass. The hardy species grow in any soil, but will not flower well unless the
situation be warm. They are increased by cuttings of the roots, by layers, or by voung cuttings on gentle heat
under a hand-glass or frame. B. radicans is a well known and much admired species, capable of living in the
open air in this country against a wall.
125. Jacaranda. The name of the tree in Brazil. Two kinds remarkable for the goodness of their wood,
are described by Piso. Those in the gardens are lofty stove plants with fern-like, elegant leaves, and
Panicles of beautiful blue flowers. They grow with facility, but flower seldom
|
"--
- -
ORDER Il.
--
- - -
515

8529 Stipules solitary adhering to stalk, Leaves smooth
8530 Stipules twin distinct, Leaves hoary beneath
8531 Leaves conjugate cirrhose, Leaflets ovate acuminate, Peduncles axillary 1-flowered
8532 Leaves conjugate cirrhose, Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, Pedunc 2-flowered, Pods linear
8533 Leaves conjugate, Leaflets elliptical entire

Pedunc. 5-flowered axillary, Calyx entire
8534 Lvs. conjugate obl. smooth, Racemes term. Branches dichotomous, Corollas very soft and downy outside
8535 Leaves conjugate cordate ovate, Flowers racemose, Calyx with a double limb
8536 Leaves conjugate cirrhose: lower ternate, Leaflets ovate cord. acuminate, Racem, axill. Stem muricated
8537 Leaves conjugate quite smooth, Tendrils longer than petiole trifid at end hooked
8538 Leaves conjugate cirrhose, Leaflets cordate lanceolate, Lower leaves simple
8539 Leaves conjugate cirrhose, Leaflets cordate ovate downy beneath
8540 Leaves conjugate cirrhose, Leaflets elliptical blunt, Flowers racemose, Pedunc. 3-fl. Calyxes toothed
8541 Leaves conjugate cordate ovate smooth, Lower racemes leafy, Limb of calyx leafy entire
8542 Leaflets 9-lanceolate subserrate dotted beneath, Corollas ventricose bearded in the orifice
8543 Lvs. conjugate cirrhose, Leafl. obl acute at each end, Corymb trifid term. Ped, petioles and branches rough
8544 Climbing, Lvs. smooth upper conjugate cirrhose obl ovate acumin. Peduncles corymbose many-flowered
8545 Lower leavesternate, ''': conjugate, Petioles dichotomous cirrhose, Fruit echinate
8546 Leaves ternate smooth, Leaflets ovate acuminate, Stem shrubby erect
8547 Leaves digitate, Leaflets entire obovate
8548 Leaves digitate, Leaflets lanceolate acuminate entire smooth, Flowers terminal solitary
8549 Lvs. pinnate, Leaflets ovate acuminate toothed, Corymb terminal, Tube of cor thrice as long as calyx
-
85.50 Leaves pinnate, Leaflets ovate acuminate toothed, Panicle terminal, Tube of cor the length of calyx
8551 Leaves pinnate, Leaflets oblong lanceolate serrate, Raceme simple terminal, Stem erect
8552 Leaves pinnate with an odd one, Leaflets ovate entire pubescent, Corollas bearded halfpentandrous
8553 Leaves pinnate with an odd one, Leaflets ovate hirsute, Cal. 1-leaved spathaceous, Cor. hypocrateriform
8554
8555
8556
8557
Leaves pinnate of four pair, Leaflets elliptical generally entire, Racemes compound
Leaves bipinnate, Leafl. roundish ovate cordate acuminate, Fl. pentandrous, Calyx tubular, Cor. 5-fid
Leaves bipinnate, Leaflets oblong obtuse, Panicle terminal, Peduncles with bractes, Pods oblong blunt
Leaves simple linear acuminate, Flowers terminal subumbellate, Stem erect
8558 Leaves bipinnate, Leaflets lanceolate acute, Panicle terminal, Peduncle naked, Pods long emarginate
8559 Leaves bipinnate oblong villous oval oblong mucronate, Panicle large lax branched, Corollas silky
8560 Leaves ovate oblong entire
8561 Leaves ovate lanceolate: lower 3-lobed; upper undivided, Stem erect
8562 Stem smooth, Sterile filament bearded upwards, Leaves lanceolate acuminate all finely serrate
8563 Leaves polished ovate-oblong amplexicaul finely toothletted, lower entire, Flowers panicled
8564 Leaves serrulate lanceolate oblong sessile downy obscurely toothed narrow, Flowers panicled
8561
1296. Sesamum. From the Arabic word semsem. Forskahl, p. 68. These plants were introduced into
Jamaica by the Jews, and are now cultivated in most parts of the island. They are called "anglo or oil-plant.
The seeds are frequently used in broths by many of the Europeans, but the Jews make them chiefly into cakes.
Many of the oriental nations look upon the seed as a
food, and express an
oil from them,
not unlike, or inferior to, the oil of almonds. It has been also manufactured for salad oil in this country, but
without much success.
S. orientale is frequently cultivated in the Levant, and also in Africa, as a pulse:, the seeds have been
introduced in Carolina by the African negroes. An oil is extracted from the seeds which will keep many
years, and not acquire any rancid smell or taste, but in two years become quite mild, so that when the warm
taste of the seed, which is in the oil when first drawn, is worn off, it is used as salad oil, and for all the pur
of sweet oil.
The seeds are also used by the negroes for food: they parch them over the fire, then mix them with water,
and stew other ingredients with them. A pudding is made with them, in the same manner as with millet or
r1Ce.
In Japan, China and Cochin-China, where they have no butter, they use the oil for frying fish, and in
-
dressing other dishes; as a varnish; and medicinally as a resolvent and emollient. Nine pounds of the sced
yield upwards of two pounds of neat oil.
1297. Pentatemon. From rivri, five, and rue", a stamen, because of the four, perfect and one imperfect
stamen of the genus. Beautiful herbaceous plants, deserving a place in every gardcn.
-
Ll 2
== -*=
516
8565 pubscens W.
broad-lv.-hairy Y. A or
8566erianthra Ph.
8567 angustiflia Ph.

8568 glbra Ph.
dwarf
narrow-leaved
Nuttal's
8569 Bradburii Ph.
large-flowered
A or
A or
8570 albidum Nutt.
whitish
A or
f1298. CHELO'NE. W.
8571 glabra W.
8572 obliqua W.
8573 Lyni Ph.
8574 barbta W.
A or
a or
CHELoNE.
8576 dindra W.
W.
8579 longiflra W.
1302. BARLERIA. W.
8585 longifolia W.
8586 Prionitis W.
8587 buxifolia W.
8588 purprea Lodd.
8589 alba Hort.
8590 cristta W.
8591 mitis B. Reg.
8592 longiflra
8593 longiflia Sims.
8594 ovta W.
8595 strpens W.
8596 ocymoides Cav.
8597 ptula W.
8598 lctea W.
8599 clandestina W.
8600 paniculta. W.
8601 tubersa L.
8602 biflra W.
6603 formsa H. K.
Louisiana 1811.
Louisiana 1811.
Louisiana 1811.
Louisiana 1811.
Missouri 1823.
D
D
D
D
D
Bot. mag. 1494
p.1
p.l Bot. cab. 1420
p.l Bot. mag. 1612
p.l
p.l
Sp. 4-6.
W
Pu
N. Amer. 1730. D p.1 Trew.ehrett.83

N. Amer. 1752. D. p. Bot reg. 175
Lyon's
4 jLs
3 jn.s
Pu
O.s
N. Amer. 1812. D p.1

Mexico 1794. D. p.
a or
a or
MartyNia.
Scrophularineae. Sp. 1.
6 jn.au R.G. Peru
Pedalinae.
1* il.au R
two-stamened
[C] or
white-flowered
[O] or 13 jLau
horn-capsuled
long-flowered
uC) or
UO) or
a or
shining-leaved
a or
prickly-leaved
a or
white-spined
Holly-leaved ra.
or
&:
long-leaved
thorny
Box-leaved
purple
1788. S. s.l.
Bot mag. 1864

Bot reg. 116
Salistir. 5. t.3
Sp. 4-6.
New Spain1731. S s.l. Bot rep. 575
S Amer. 1733. S s.l. Jac. amer. t. 110
Tijn.au L.B America 1738.

2 jl.au Papu C. G. H. 1781.
3 jls
P.w Italy
1548.
3 jls
P.w Portugal 1759.
3 jls
P.w Italy
1629.
3 jls
P.w S. Europe 1629.
2
...
... E. Indies 1759.
S. r.m. Bot. mag. 1056

S sl Meerb. ic. l. t. 7
D co
Lam. ill t. 550
D
D
D
D
co
co
co
co
Bot. mag. 1808
S
C.
D
D
C
C
C
C
1.p
p.1
Lp
lp
co.
p.l
p.l
p.l
Pluk.al. t. 133.f4
Rheemal.9. t.41
Rhee..mal. 2. t.47
Bot. cab 344
Bot. cab. 360
Bot. mag. 1615
Bot. reg. 191
Wah-symb.1.t.16
Rhee..mal. 2. t.48
Acanthaceae. Sp,8-18.
Barlenia.
y: [O] or
* D or
y:
cu
*.
pr
white
*.
crested
*.
ellow-floweredn.
ong-flowered n-
.303. PHAYLOPSIS. Juss.
*1304. RUEL/LIA. J.
L. Pu N. Amer. 1758. D. p.
Pu
L. Pu
D. Pu
Pu
W
4 au.o
4 au.o
1301. ACAN/THUS. W.
Bean's-Breech.
8580 mllis W.
smooth
8581 niger Mill.

8582 spinsus, P.S.
8583 spinosissimus P. S.
8584 iliciflius W.
11 jls
jls
jls
4.jls
Scrophularineae.
1299, TOURRET/TIA. J. Tournettia.

8575 lappcea W.
scarlet-flowered R O cu
$8577 Craniolria W.
aus
t1* au.s
white-flowered Y. A or
red-flowered
ZN or
scarlet
*1300. MARTY/NIA. W.
8578
CLAss XIV
E:
or
or
or
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
3
jl.s
jlau
jn.jl
s
jn.jl
jn.s
jn.s
jn.s
W.
Or
W.
Pu
W.
B
Y
...
E. Indies
E. Indies
E. Indies
E. Indies
N. Holl.
E. Indies
E. Indies
E. Indies
1781.
1759.
1768.
1814.
1815.
1796.
1816.
1816.

re. D pr2 ap.o
W
S. Leone 1822. C co
Phaylopsis.
long-leaved
Acanthaceae.
x 2\] pr2 jl.au
D.B.
whorl-flowered to la pr2 jl.au Pa.B.
Basil-like
* D pr. 14.jlau
B
spreading
*.
pr
jl.au Pa.V.
white
y:
pr
jn.au Pa.V
three-flowered y: [Z\] pr2 jl.au B
panicled
y:
pr 3 au
Pu
tuberous-rooted:
pr 2 jl.au B
two-flowered if u\] pr1 jl
Pa. B
splendid
* D pr2 in.s
S
Ruellia.
oval-leaved
';
Sp. 18-70.
exico 1800.
N. Amer. 1726.
Mexico 1815.
E. Indies 1774.
Mexico 1796.
Barbadoes1728.
W. Indies 1768.
Jamaica 1752.
Carolina 1765.
Brazil
1808.
D
D
C
C
C
C
C.
C
C
C
1.p
1.p
Lp
1-p
1.p
1.p
s.p
lip
lip
sp
Bot.mag.2433
Cav. ic. 3. t. 954
Sch. han.2. t.177
Cav, ic. 5. t. 456
Jac.ic.1 t. 119
Cav. ic. 3. t. 255
Dilel.t.248.f320
Sloja.l. t. 100. f.2
Slo.jam.1.t.95.f1
Bot. mag. 1400

1298. Chelone. X*A* signifies a tortoise, to the back of which the helmet of the present genus has been
compared.
The species are handsome border flowers, of easy culture in 1: i: and a
Ittie pea
Named in honor of Marc Antoine Louis Claud la Tourrette, to whom some of Rousseau's
L'
#
ters
on
Botany are Seldom
addressed.
A singular
annual
plant, producing
flowers sparingly
ringly from th
tips
of the
branches.
preserved
long inclimbing
a garden,
as it product:
seed veryitssparingly.
0.
1300. Martynia. In honor of John Martyn, F. R.S., professor of botany at Cambridge, author of Historia
Plantarum Rariorum, and many other works: died in January, 1768. His son is the editor of the last edition
of Miller's Dictionary. Handsome tropical annuals, remarkable for the size of their flowers compared with
": leaves.
301. Acanthus. From aza,Sa, a spine: many of the kinds are very spiny. The species are
l]
#
w: a sin '.hcrbaceous : and , The flowers are in
spikes.
Some
the species
the end of
the of
teeth.
peci are
e shrubb
snrubby andl thorny,
y, with undivided leaves, toothed, and having a thorn at
-
mollis was formerly used in medicine under the name of Branca ursina : the root abo
:A may
be substituted # those of the marsh mallow..., Virgil has two very different
il
of Acanthus: one a tree, supposed to be the Mimosa nilotica, which produces the gum Arabic:
the other an
* -
-- -
DIDYNAMIA ANGIosPERMIA.
ORDER II.
-- - - -
---
517
8565 Stem pubescent, Sterile filament bearded from the end to the middle
8566 Leaves oblong acute subhirsute, Flowers racemose, Leaves of calyx linear very hairy
8567 Stem smooth long linear entire, Flowers in racemose panicles, Leaves of calyx smooth
8568 Stem and lys smooth, Lvs. subamplex. ovate obl ent Barren filam, naked clav. Sepals roundish acuminate
8569 Very smooth, Lvs. subamplexicaul. ov. obl. ent upper roundish, Barren filam with a short beard at end
8570 Leaves ovate lanc. subserrulate smooth, Fl. axillary and terminal, Cor. equal 5-cleft spreading
85.71 Leaves stalked lanceolate serrate: upper opposite
8572 Leaves lanceolate oblique stalked opposite finely serrated at edge
8573 Smooth much branched, Leaves stalked cordate ovate serrated, Spikes terminal dense
8574 Leaves opposite connate lanceolate entire, Lower lip of corolla bearded
Leaves pinnated cut cirrhose
8576 Stem branched, Leaves opposite cordate-toothed, Flowers diandrous

8577 Stem branched, Leaves opposite 5-lobed toothed
8578 Stem branched, Leaves alternate cordate entire
8579 Stem simple, Leaves roundish repand, Tube of cor at base gibbous flattened
8580 Leaves sinuated unarmed
8581 Leaves sinuated unarmed glabrous shining green

8582 Leaves pinnated spiny
8583 Leaves laciniate pinnatifid blistered spiny, Spines white

8584 Leaves repand spiny-toothed, Stem shrubby prickly
8585 Spines of whorls 6, Leaves ensiform very long rough
8586 Spines axillary pedate in fours, Leaves quite entire lanceolate ovate
8587 Spines axillary opposite solitary, Leaves roundish entire
8588 Unarmed, Leaves lanceolate, #: axillary solitary sessile
8589 Leaves ovate lanceolate rough, Flowers capitate terminal, Bractea ciliate
8590 Leaves oblong entire, Two lateral leaves of calyx ciliated wider than the rest; two linear acute
8591. Unarmed, Leaves lanceolate hairy entire, Fl. aggregate terminal tubular, Bractes very narrow setose
8592 Unarmed, Leaves ovate silky, Bractes cordate scarious, Corollas very long
8593 Leaves lanceolate on long stalks, Flowers in terminal and axillary heads, Cor. small
8594 Leaves sessile oblong entire acute at each end villous, Fl. 3-subsessile, Stem ascending
8595 Leaves stalked ovate entire, Peduncles 3-flowered very short, Stem erect
8596 Subvillous, Stem dwarf branched erect, Leaves ovate concave entire
8597 Leaves stalked ovate very blunt entire pubescent, Flowers 3 subsessile, Stem erect divaricatin
8598 Lvs. stalked obl. ovate ciliated somewhat toothed, Pedunc. very short about 3-fi. Stem very u. erect
8599 Leaves stalked oblong blunt attenuated at base somewhat toothed, Pedunc. 3-fl. shorter than leaf
8600 Leaves entire, Peduncles dichotomous lateral, Calyxes sessile, with the upper segment largest
8601 Leaves cuneate ovate crenated, Peduncles 3-pa
Stem simple
8602 Flowers twin sessile
8603 Leaves stalked entire ovate downy, Pedunc. axillary alternate few-flow. very long
8589
*
.
&#:
#
-
herb, supposed to be this plant. Pliny mentions an Acanthus which covered

of his lawn, which some
conjecture to be a moss, a thing very improbable in a climate and situation where the musci are seldom seen
even in winter.
The leaf of Acanthus mollis is supposed to have furnished the ancients with the elegant Acanthus leaf of
their architecture.
1302. Barleria. In honor of the Rev. James Barrelier, a Dominican, and M. D. of Paris, who travelled
from France into Spain and Italy, and died aged sixty-eight, 1673; author of Icones, 1714, Paris, folio, a useful
work, containing, even at the present day, figures of many things which are to be found nowhere else. The
ies flower freely and are of easy culture: loam and peat, with a little rotten dung mixed with it, is the
best soil for them. Cuttings root
they strike best from the young wood, under a hand-glass, in the
same kind of soil as the plants grow in. (Bot. Cult. 21.)
1303. Phaylopsis.
Named by Willdenow, from pawkes, vile or contemptible, and "pus, aspect. Tropical
weeds.
1304 Ruellia.
In honor of John Ruelle, a native of Soissons, the physician of Francis I.
He published a
work De Natura Plantarum, in 1536, and Commentaries upon Dioscorides, in 1516. The species are pretty
plants, free flowers, and of the easiest culture and propagation.
Ll 3
DIDYNAMIA ANGrosPERMIA.
518
CLAss XIV.
8604 flgida H. K.
bright-flowered". D pr2 jLau
Sc
$605 ciliata W en.
ciliated
* [I, pr
gaping-flower'd ra.
pr
pubescent
y:
pr
foetid
rt. Dun
2 jl
Pu
E. Indies 1806. C l.p
3 ji.au
Pu
E Indies 1807. C Lp Rhee. mal.9. 64
2 jn.au
2 jn.au
D.B. C. G. H. 1823.
B
S. Amer. ...
R S. Martha 1824.
... E. Indies 1824.
B
Brazil
1824.
$8600 ringens W.
8607 pubscens Pers.
8608 foetida W. en.
8609 macrophylla Wahl, long-leaved
# Z\pr 3
8610 undulta Vahl.

wavy
": [ZN pr2
8611 tetragna Link.
four-cornered ic [A] pr2
+1305. BLE'CHUM. R.Br. BlechuM.
8612 Brwnei H. K.
dense-spiked to [Z\] or 2
*1306. APHELANDRA. R. Br. APIIELANDRA.
8613 cristta H. K.
dense-spiked n-D spl 3
1307. CROSSANDRA. P. L. CRossaNdna.
8614 undulaeflia P. S.
wave-leaved
...
-
jn.jl
8619 dentta jy.
8620 integriflia W.
aarea B. Rep.
toothed
Sp. 1-15.
W. Indies 1780. C 1.p Slo.ja.l. t. 109.f.1
Acanthaceae.
$ 1.
jn.s
S
. Indies 1733. C lip Bot mag. 1578
Acanthaceae. Sp. 1.
Or.s E. Indies 1800. C p.1 Bot reg. 69
4 my.s
6 my..s B
Werbenaceae.
my.s W.
rt-D pr2 my.s W.
UOI pr1 my.s W.
a Dipr 1 myjn W
entire-leaved
E Indies 1796. S. p.l Bot mag. 1881

E. Indies 1820.
Sp. 8-12.
C. G. H. 1822.
C. G. H. 1822.
C. G. H. 1739.
C. G. H. 1792.
myjl W.
C. G. H. 1815.
my.jl W.
C. G. H. 1815.
my..n W.
C. G. H. 1816.
jl.au W
C. G. H. 1774.
HostA.
Werbenaceae. Sp. 1.
blue-flowered ta. Cl or 4
...
B
S. Amer. ...
GMEliNA.
Verbenaceae. Sp. 2.
oval-leaved
D or 10
...
Y
E. Indies 1792.
8627 parviflra Ror.
obovate-leaved it D or 10
... O
E. Indies 1817.
f1312. LANTA"NA. W.
LANTANA.
8628 mixta JV.
Nettle-leaved to. D or 5 au.o
R.Y
. Indies 1732.
86.29 trifolia W.
three-leaved n-D or 3 jn.s
Pu
W. Indies 1733.
#.
annual
[O] or 3 jLau
F
S. Amer. 1733
86.31 stricta W.
narrow-leaved *- D or 3
...
Papu Jamaica 1733.
8632 Rdula W.
Rasp-leaved
n-D or 3
...
Pu
W. Indies 1803.
8633 Cmmara W.
various-colored n-LD or 6 aps
R.o W. Indies 1691.
8634 involucrta W.
round-leaved n-D or 3 myjl Pk
W. Indies 1690.
8635 rcta W.
upright
rt. C or 2 jn.au Pu Jamaica 1758.
8636 odorta W.
sweet-scented *- C or 2 my..n W.
W. Indies 1758.
8637 melissiflia W.
Balm-leaved re-D or 2 jls
Y
W. Indies 1732.
8638 scbrida W.
rough
rt. D or 2 s
... W. Indies 1774.
8639 nivea Vent.
white-flowered reor 3 jls
W.
E. Indies ...
8640 aculeta W.
changeable-col. *
or 10 ap.n
R
W. Indies 1692.
8641 fucta Ker.
painted
* D or 2 ap.n
Pk
S. Amer. 1822.
8642 salviflia W.
sage-leaved
n-D or 3 ap.n
R
C. G. H. 1823.
864.3 brazilinsis Link.
Brazilian
* D or 3 ap.n
W.
Brazil
1823.
8644 alba Mill.
white
* D or 3 ap.n
W
S Amer. ...
8621 cilita W.
86.22 spicta Thunb.
8623 erinoides Th.

8624 cordta W.
1310. HOS"l'A. Jac.
86.25 caerlea Jac.
1311. GMELI/NA. W.
8626 asiatica W.
1313. ALOYSIA. F. Per.
n-D pr1
spiked
y: LA pr1
Erinus-leaved a u_J prl
heart-leaved re-u-J pr1
ciliated
Aloysia.
Werbenaceae.
8645 citriodra F. Per. Lemon-scented * u_j or
lip
l-p
1.p Vah-symb.2.t.59
l.p
lip
jn
1309. HEBENSTREITIA. Jy. Hebenstreitia.

8617 albiflra Lk.
white-flowered re-D pr1
8618 chamaedryflia Link.saw-leaved
C
C
C
C
C
Acanthaceae.
ri. D. spl 14.ja.jn
f1308. THUNBER'GIA. W. THUNBERGIA.

8615 frgrans W.
twining
$ D or
8616 grandiflra R.
large-flowered : D or
W. Indies 1804. C 1.p Bot rep. 527
3 my.s
C. p.l Bot mag. 2366

C.
C.
S.
C.
p.1
p.l
p.] Bot mag. 483
p. Bot rep. 252
C.
C.
C
C.
p.1
p.1
p.]
p.l
C 1.p Jac.schoe.1.t-114
C lip Lam. ill. t. 542

C lip Roxb. cor. t. 162
C.
C.
C
C
C
C
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
p.1
p.l
p.1
p.1
p.l
p.1
p.
p.l
p.1
p.1
p.l
p.l
p.l
p.
p.l
p.l
p.l
Bot. cab.68
Bot. mag. 1449
Bot mag. 102
Sloja.2.t.195.f4
Dill.elt t.56. f65
Plu.almit.114.f5
Jac.schoe.S. t.360
Plum.ic.t.71.f3
Dill.elt t57. f66
Bot. cab. 1171
Vent. malm. t.8
Bot, mag.96
Bot reg. 798
Jac. scho.3, t.285
Sp. 1-2.
Papu Chili
1784. C l
Bot. mag. 367
Verbna triphylla B. M.
1305. Blechum. Baxxar, was the Greek name of a plant resembling Marjoram. This genus has also the
flowers in a dense bracteated spike. It has been separated from Justicia by Jussieu.
1305. Aphelandra. From **, simple, and 2*, a male, on account of the single cell of the anthers.
1307. Crossandra. From *error, a fringe, and *, a man; or, in botanical language, an anther, alluding to
the fringed anthers. A fine shewy shrub with large orange flowers.
1308. Thunbergia. In honor of Charles Peter '': M.D., knight of the order of Vasa, professor of
en
botany in, the university of Upsal, member of several learned
societies; author of Travels into Europe,
Africa and Asia; Flor. Japonica, &c.
Handsome climbing flowers with a fragrant odor.
1809. Hebenstreitia. John Ernest was a professor of botany in the university of Leipsig, and
published, in 1728, a dissertation upon plants. SmallCape undershrubs, occasionally cultivated for the sakeoftheir
nea; '' and simple modest flowers. They requirean airy greenhouse, and are easily propagated from cuttings.
1310. Host: After Dr. Nicholas Thomas Host, the author of the superb Gramina Austriaca, in four volumes,
folio, and other important works. Smith thinks the genus the same as Linnaeus's Cornutia pyramidata.
ORDER II. .
519
8604 Leaves stalked ovate acuminate wavy crenate, Fascicles axillary on long stalks
8605 Leaves ovate somewhat toothletted ciliated at edge on long stalks, Flowers solitary axillary sessue
8606 Leaves oblong entire, Flowers solitary sessile, Stem procumbent
8607 Leaves entire ovate subpubescent, Flowers solitary axillary, Stem erect
8608 Leaves ovate lanceolate entire stalked smooth, Fl. solitary axillary sessile, Branches warted
8609 Leaves ovate lanceolate acuminate entire, Peduncles long 2-flowered
8610 Leaves stalked oblong wavy, Heads axillary sessile, Stem erect
8611 Stem erect hairy, Leaves stalked ovate acuminate repand toothed hairy, Spike whorled
8612 Leaves ovate elliptical somewhat toothed, Spikes 4-cornered, Bractes ovate downy
8615 Leaves cordate acuminate somewhat angular at base, Stem climbing
8616 Leaves angular cordate, Inner calyx none, Anthers bearded spurred
8617 Leaves linear toothed, Bractes oval linear hairy
86.18 Leavessessile oblong lanceolate blunt serrated hairy at base, Bractes ciliated
86.19 Leaves linear toothed, Spikes smooth
8620 Leaves linear quite entire
8621
86.22
8623
8624
Leaves linear toothed, Calyxes 3-valved ciliated

Leaves linear toothed at end, Bractes ovate villous, Stem herbaceous
Leaves lanceolate oblong serrated pilose, Bractes entire ciliated hispid
Leaves cordate somewhat fleshy sessile
8925 Corymbs axillary trichotomous

8626 Spines opposite, Leaves ovate entire
8627 Leaves obovate subtrifid and simple, Prickles nearly straight, those of the stem alternate
8628 Leaves opp. ovate acute hairy, Stem prickly downwards, Heads round, Bractes lanceolate
86.29 Leaves 3 or 4-ellipt. rugose above villous beneath, Stem unarmed, Spikes oblong imbricated
8630 Leaves opposite, Stem unarmed, Spikes oblong
8631 Leaves opp. oblong lanc. acute, Stem unarmed, Heads roundish, Bractes ovate-lanceolate and squarrose
$632 Lvs. opp. ov. acute serr rugose rough hairy ben. Stem nearly unarm. rough, Heads obl. Bractes ovate acute
8633 Leaves opposite, Stem unarmed branched, Flowers in leafless capitate umbels
8634 Leaves opp. or in 3s rhomboid ovate blunt rugose downy, Stem unarmed, Heads squarrose, Bractes ovate
8635 Leaves opposite oval rugose, Stem unarmed, Heads squarrose, Bractes oblong, Pedunc. longer than leaf
8636 Lvs. opp. or in 3s ellipt. rugose, Stem unarmed, Heads squarrose with lanc. bractes, Ped shorter than leaf
867 Leaves opp. ovate obL villous soft, Stem prickly, Spikes hemispherical, Bractes half as short as tube
86.38 Lvs. opp. ovate ellipt. rough, Stem prickly, Spikes hemispherical, Bractes half as short as tube lanc. acute
8639 Leaves ovate lanceolate acuminate crenulate, Stem prickly, Head hemispherical, Bractes linear
8640 Leaves ovate subcordate softish beneath, Stem prickly, Bractes of heads linear cuneiform
8641 Lvs. ovate rugose crenate blunt downy running down the foot-stalk, Head depressed shorter than leaf
8642 Leaves opposite ovate rough above hoary beneath, Heads conical, Bractes squarrose ovate acute nerved
8643 Leaves narrowed from an ovate base sessile serrate pubescent, Bractes lanceolate concave
8644 Leaves ovate narrowed into the stalk acuminate acutely crenate pubescent, Outer bractes cordate
B645 Leaves linear lanceolate ternate, Stem shrubby
A small shrub rising to the height of four feet. Leaves opposite, ovate, acuminate, somewhat toothed,
smooth. Flowers blue, in axillary corymbs, which are shorter than the leaves; they are dotted all over with
minute white glandular spots.
1311, Gmelina. In honor of John George Gmelin, a German naturalist, professor of medicine and botany at
Tubingen, who travelled in Siberia, and Kamtchatka, by order of the Empress Anne of Russia. His Fiora
Sibirica, in four quarto volumes, is a book of continual reference. These are fine arborescent Indian plants
with beautiful flowers, which are seldom produced in this country. They require the utmost heat of the stove.
1312. Lantana. One of the ancient names of the Viburnum, which this resembles a little in foliage The
ies are rapid growers and free-flowerers, and readily increased by cuttings. They form small bushes with
pink, yellow, '": or changeable heads of flowers, and a peculiar aromatic odor.
1313. Aloysia.
amed by Don Antonio Palau, professor of botany at Madrid, and author of an excellent
translation of the Linnaeus's Species Plantarum into Spanish, after her majesty Maria Louisa, queen of Spain,
and mother of the reigning king. Ferdinand.
Ll
4
520
DIDYNAMIA
1314, LIPTIA. L.
I.ippu.
46 purpurea Jacq. purple
ft D or
1315.
MELAMPY'RUM.
Cow-Wheat.
8647
cristtum
W.
O w
8648 arvnse W.
purple
8649
pratense
W.
common
w
8630 sylviticum W. wood
1316.
SELA'GO.
W.
Selago.
8651 spinea Link.
spiny
8652
7*.
spreading "-l_Jpr
w- 1 I pr
8653 diflsa
fulvo.maculUZjna.spotted
-L-Jpr
8654
polygaloldes
L.
Milkwort-like
a. i | pr
8655
spicta
Link.
spiked
. i I prpr
8656s|ina
W.
linear-leaved
8657 lasciculU W. clustcr-rlower'dtL iQJ
8658
lucida
fail.
shining-leaved
n.
,i| ]I| pr
pr
8659ramul6sa
Link.
brancliy
.
pr
866X1
teretiflia
Link.
round-leaved
n.
i
|
8661
ovta
W.
oval,beaded ., I prpr
8662
causcens
cancseent
a.
i
j
8663 corymbsa ir. line-leaved . , | prpr
tl317. Vl'TEX.
Chastb-Treb.
8664 ovta 1.
oval-leaved
8665
altlsaima
If.
t..II
I IQt
8666 lati/tia
A'gnus-Cstus W.
broad-Uaved
8667 incisa W.
cut-leaved
L_|0r
8668 Leucxylon
or
8669
XegndoIV.cn.
W. W. white.woo>led
quadrangular
4(Z)or
867U
bicolor
two-colored
oi
8671 triflia W.
three-leaved or
1318.
COUNUTIA.
W.
CornunA.
8672 ptramidta W. pyramidal eu
1319. ZAPA'NIA. j;
Zapania.
8673
stsrchadifolia
8674nodinra
Ph. P. S. oval-spiked
knot-flowered 9~
!U 1
iAJ un
un
1320.
PRI'VA.
P.S.
Priva.
8675 mexicna
P.
S.
Mexican
EJpr
Verbena mexicana
W.
58676 leptostehya
S. rough
I
Trtola arperaP. W.
1321.
W. Spirlmannia.
8677 SPIELMAN'NIA.
africana IV.
Uex-Ieaved
. |_J or
tl322. VERBE'NA. L Vervain.
8678
bouarinsis
8679
liastu W. P.IV.S. cluster-flower'd
hnlbrrd-leaved
5i Q)
un
un
8650 paniculta
panicled
un
8648
Cus. XIV. pANGIOSPERMIA.

Verbenceas.
Sp.
15.
3 jnjl H Mexico 1823. pi Jacq.rdt.85
Sp. 47.
bot
tl53
33 Scropknlarineas.
jl.au YY England
England
com fi.11. SS Eng.
bot
jn.jl
Eng
bot
113
3 jl.au Y Britain com
woods. S Eng.
3 jl.au Y Britain m. wo. S Eng bot t
Verbenceas.
p.lpl
3HjLau
... Pu .Sp.G.1340.
H. 1824.
! ... VPu C.CG.G. H.
H. 181)7.
1824 plpl
18117.
1)1.0 Pu
pl Bur.aft.'tlif:
Pu C.C. G.G. H.
H.
1824.
i1 Se
H.
1779. SS plpl Bot
jl.o VPu C.G.
reg. IM
C.
G.
H.
I*
jn.jl
G. H. 1774.
1812. e Lp Ventmalm t
lj jn.jl Pu
W
CG.
H.
1824.
W G. H. 1823. pl
lj jl.'ti D.Pu
Botmag 186
jnjl Pa.pu C. G.G. H.H. 1774.
1812. plpl
lJjLn
2 jLau Pu CG. 1699. pl Com.borti.t<0
815. 1796.
China
4 Verbenceas.
ji.au Pu Sp.
1802. Woodvilletffi
Ceylon
86 .- Pu
W.B Sicily
1570.
pl Bot mag SS*
W.B
64 jU
I
1758.
Pu Sicily
China
1793 l.P
Pu Ceylon
E. Indies
Indica 1810.
1812. IP Rumpsm.4.tlS
Pu
Pu
Pu Indies 1759.
-1 Botmag.S187
Sp. Indies
12. 1733. Lp Lara. ilLt541
W.
4
Sp. Indies
210. 1732. l p Brow.jam.UCl
W.
America
1664. Lp FI.gTK.55S
jLau
Verbenceas.
Sp. 26. 1726. Lp DieltSOiiSffi
2 au.s
V Mexico
S jl.au V E. Indies 1799. Lp Rox.cot.UH'
3 f.n W C G. H. 1710. . Bot mag
Verbenoccte.
^JrVf1732. R pU*
56 jl.o
Jn.nu V Canada 17ia D Hl,"d.L^3 jl.au N. Amer. 1800 D Pot *
BUtory, Ute, l'ropagatio

... Culture
A deciduous
under shrub
th the
a most
agreeable
oilorsituations,
of citrons, and of the ea t culture in any * 10
Jersey
and Guernsey,
it staiw ids
winter
in
warm
1314.
IAppia.
Named
in
I
j,,." L, "
"""1
., "' """J
I-ippi,
rani
o w-^ lM
nor olof Augustine
lappi,
a French
bom i ParisofanlUlian/*
He SSSS^S
accomt
<" along
I-cimirwith
Durule
to thephysician,
kingat Senuaar.
of Abyssinia,
inments
the
beg
eighteenth
nS
"!'"">'
and
"
assassinated
the
ambassador
HisAmerica.
entitled
^
mtwMing
genus
than
this,
which
eonalau
oimcurweedy
shrub,
of
South
a sin,l,!'?'T7' From l"1"' black, and w..t, wheat Its grain rc.cmblM a grain of wheataM
tiel'bS,SaA
CS"r t0 rra,iismcon,'dl tonutritive,
mixed. and
Smooth
narrow.leaved
weeds,
not Dutch
"MJ^S
In the ma,me1 of s^-S""""
was formerly
cultivated
by the
and I"
its name in common with the Selago of the ancicnis
ancients^, no^
PossibleSSP
1,^'',,|.7
n5ln'"8 beyond iu
.This
has
nothin
plant,' ,Tl?h^'''.V",'duccn.e
plant
the
osiertribe.
V.
Agnus
Castu
ni
'
,UJ"
powerfully a, ak. t l ;,u%nd 3 Sower, from seven to flfteen inches long. The dncd wc a
1W
,
rhwu'r'L
wto,
IVom
the
time
of
Dioscoride.
and
Pliny,
have
"*)3|5
ame will,
) hence Ule
absurd officinal
namematrons,
of,ii the
l'rceJI>"
...-uuiu
Ule shrub,
snruu,
castos
, .to roe
:acVl. ?
mm
Athenian
in .1,'^
the Agnus
.acred castus
rites of1i Ceres, used
1
: and
hence theoiucina,
SiWn m.
rit;
Id Ami!
DIDTNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
m le"M 8 cute Mrate

lii:
|1|.il
ltd
ti1
beneh. . globo, Bractes

I imbricated
loWMt 1^
g fai liStoSiiMStS ,flc"h>'- Pik corymbo
lanceolatesomewhat
blunt finelytoothed
erratesmooth
smooth,fleshy,
SpikesSpikes
terminal
.
on eachmstw,deacutish
term,aubtoliUry
aggregate
1 1 LU 22
s^taroundedwithafurrow
cone-likeovale
Spikes
terminal,
Learetterminal,
filiform Leave
fascicledscattered
smooth linear, Stem shrubby
[ ; m Le bicicled smooth, Panicle compound
8eS4 l*avet
leaves teroate
simple ovate
&*
entire,
Panicle whorlcd,
Berry Spikes
3-scededwborled panicled
Leaves digitate
7 or 5 lanceolate
nearly entire,
T Leaves digitate 5,5, Leaflets
Spikes somewhat
^Leamdigitate
Leaflets cut-pinnatifld,
stalked
oblong
entire,
Panicleracemes
(H.whorlcd
liotomous, Berry 1-seeded
Leaves
quinate
andtmate
serrate,
Flowers
in panicled
&<U
Ln.
tenate
and
quinate,
Lcafl.
Une
acum.
cnt.
beneath
white
with down.
Branches
pan. dichotom.
l Leaves tmate andquinate, Leaflets ovate acute entire hoary beneath.
Panicle
with a ofstraight
nchut
Panicle terminal naked elongated
-J CU of tat
hJp]d> ^ êmita ^
14 ^VMtaÛte coarsely serrated

'6
867 <
eo/
*nd Particin.
KStfS!: ""-ever,
so far from
4}.!?,^
opposite
quality;
the
PPOsiteou.lity.
their amniti?* ""'aphrodisiac, that writers of later
dirait
C*'na""'
al"<
emmenkgogue.
ln .ml
^*
to favor. thi.
., opinion,?,
,,0,,, nna
||
thc
Mtem'cSunt,
?"
countries
topalm
I*has
warm,
ducutieb
'"j^tlieU.
" ,M^la-arntml^L"!,v'ce
m
P"lysis,
weakness,
itient,
nervine,
cephalic,
and
both '"ternally and externally.
Theandplant
abitter
taste,
and
I
the
limbs,
lbs.
It
is
in
great
among
taste,
ste, aand
somewhat
lûorl!la!!^^JûCon^1,. French physician, whobittertravelled
intoa strong use
*!>,
f~*ofthat
in 1635. t'omutia
a shrub with
!" Vis, V Z" ";
|'8- country
wsUrt I'vr.mniial
terminal nyramidata
branches ofisflowers,
ni*
vS
*W<
a
Paul
Anthony
Zappa,
an
Italian
botanist.
^g"JJiir4non
Verbena-like herbaceous plants, with little blue flowers. The derivation ol
^^frSroai
of J*m" "Unhold
Spiclmann, Generalis,
professor of&c.medicine
at Strasburg,
ut "^.andtuttm*.!ii.i"?r
'^rt-'entoratensisi
Pharmacopia
A shrubandofbotany
easy culture
in any
^ by De Thcis, to be derived troxa/er/aen, its name in Celtic A genus of weedy
XIV.
)D eo DiLeUTlUS
5 Jn.au N.N. Amer.
3t|t un
8681
H. IL narrow-leaved
Amer. 1802.
1732.
Carolina
un 6 jn.a W
8682 anguetifilia
carolinina W.
1683.
Bot
Roh.ic.S6
W N.N. Amer.
NeltlcleaTed
5
un
3
jU
8683
urticiflia
W.
Amer.
1802.
mig, MS ST!,!
HPu N. Amer. 1774. DS r.mBotmjj.M
upright
5 un 31 jl.au
8684
stricta
Ph.
jn.au
8685
Aubltia
W.
N.
Amer.
1812.
D
Bot
mai 2910
Pu
long-bracted 5 pr 8
8686 brairtesi, Ph.
S. Amer. ... D Botmitat
laica!
Pu
or
lj
JJ
Lambert's
8687
Lamberti
.
M.
N.
Amer.
1731.
p.l
Pu Britain ro.sid.Dco Eng.bol;S |1
fl.au
jagged-leaTed
55 C3>
un
86S8
piiria
Ph.
2
jn.a
common
un
Spain
16*0.
S
PanUbtolaii
868it officinlie W.
%a
trailing
a "4
8690
un i|4. i"jn-jl
jn.jl5J N. Amer. 1794. D
8691 supin
proetrtaW.. A'. prostrate
Am
mu.
Muoporineaj.
1323. AVICEN'NIA. L. downy-leaved J un 20 ... F fil 17 lp FLd'Owarlfl
8692 tomentss L.
Verbenaccet.
1324.
CALDA'SIA.W.W. blue
S my.d
NewSpainieiS. S Bol reg.S
8693 heterophylla
Clerodeniirum. Verbenacete.
1325.
CLERODEN'DRUM.
B.
P.
Crdnaîm
ip VenliMlaJJ
W
1
I
or
6
au.d
8694/3fiare
fragrans
9. RR a.p
Bot roig. m
W China
plenoH. K. fragrant
doible-fiowcred rj or 66 au.d
E.
Indle
179a
Bd. mag.lS*
my.au W E. Indies ... s.p
8695
viscsum . .P. S. clammy
lp
-
8696 infortuntum
long-flowered *
oror
E
Indies
1784.
Lp
it til alita
W
8697
fortuntum
If.
suear-leaved
*
oror f~
China 1790. R *
Bol reg.
SHt
jn.s
8698
squam&tum
H.
.
scarlet
Botre6
18 Lp KamticS
t
8699
panicultum W.W. panicled
870 irichtomum
three-forked *
i I oror mr.ap W N.'SlW. 1800.
Bot
nus .
1794.
Jac.tt>.sup_t3.'
8701
tomentsum
R.
Br.
downy
I
1
or
Mauritius
1789. P.1
au.n
W
87(12
ligustrinum
H.
K.
Privet-leaved
or
Lp
Mauritius
1805.
au. W
W E. Indies 1692 p.1 Jac.co.sup*U]
8703 heterophllum//.K. various-leaved * or aun
ind. t4UI
8704
inrme
H. . H. . smooth
oror
E. Indies 1815.
1796. pip.l Bur.
... W
Botmaf i*
8705
Siphonnthus
whorl.leaved
M
Q
W.B E.E. Indies
8706
macrophyllum/j.Af.
large-leaved
s
CD
or
8
Jl
p.1
Bul.inil1'1
Indies
1820.
8707 phlomoldes L. Phlomia-like * or 4 au.s W N. HolL 1823. Lp
8708 costtum Br. ribbed
a* Q or
VcrbcnacfiT. ndie.1739. p. Bn.jam.ia'!
1326.
VOLKAME'RIA.
H. . Voleaheria.
4 au.o W fr*"*
8709
aculeta
H.
K.
prickly
8710 buxiflia W. en. box-leaved
oror 4 au... W
Pu.w Japan
8711 japnica Thunb. Japan
i 1 <>r
Sp. L
1.327. HOLMSKIOL/DIA. H. K. Holmbkiouha. 4 Vcrbenace.
...
S India' 96. p.1 Boir6*
8712 sangunea W.
scarlet
*
Sp. I.
Vcrbenace.
1328.
PETRE'A.
W.
PETREA.
8713 volubilis w.
climbing
_ or SO JLau Pu VeraCrul 1733. r.ra nag. S*
Sp. 5-9.
jac.amer.ljl
1S29. ClTHAREXTfLUM. W. FmDLE-Wo.m.
. W.
Indice 1739.
8714cinreum W.W.
aeh-colored
1 I or 20 ... W Jamaica
1763.
8715caudatum
oval-leaved Tt m
Jacte Ll'i
&
Domin.
1784.
8716 uentndrum
villsum W. Venl. pentandrous
hairy-leaved
Vente*"
PortoRC01815.
Jac.ruio.LtB
8717
1759.
871S uuadrangulrc W. square-etalked f
1330
DURANTA.
W.
Durant.
Bot
reg.
S.
Amer.
1733
P
8719 Plumiri W.
smooth
*
W. Indies 1739.
p.p i Bot. mag. H*
8720
Ellisis
W.
prickly
1820.
8721 microphylla W. en. small-leaved
History,
Propagation,
Culture,was held sacred aroo t(]e t
with the exception of Verbena Aubletia
and Use,
I^mberti.
V. offlclnaha
and ued in making leagues by ambassadors, aacriflcial rite, incantations, &c. ; ana dj
"^w1*
a"? for.Ine*bcal
purposes
It is Vali
now.'however,
entirely outcalled
of use.
/1*">.
afterof: Abu
commonly
a f**fjHas^**
mi-VS'
), died
in 1036. Named
His Rules
Medicine Ibn
wereTsin,
formerly
the text-bookAvleennes,
of physicians,
and na
'earning
and
time
of
many
commentators.
-uniii " "
p^.0**
Named
by
Willdcnow
in
compliment
to
Don
Josef
Calda,
an
eminent
roiuyan ncw Grenada.
. r m- mee
I
aS2f*!",L erodendrum
From
accident,
and fcaiW.
in allusion to and
the I"
Theto,pSSLS.":
fortuntum
i. Jseful,a tree,
. calamitcaum
nfortunatum, djnfew;
^^
Peal
ThCTf2.w
ftce'''
n
uBht
rh
".
composed
of
half
loam,
one-fourth
of
"1 tbs jro"1"

theshoou
th;.re
*
!18
P"t
to
dower
freely,
and
cuttings
root
readily
under
a
hanog
The bandsomest
ire .airpanicultum
and .butquamatum.
mat inierme
winteri. h eVy cnou8h
to Ito inspecies
the open
against a wall,
it mult haic(*meL^,iii f '
John
1326 roaamerla. Named after John Christopher Volkamer, a German botanist, ho died in
- Order II.
8681
Spike
filiform,
Leaves
linear
lanceolate
subserrate
6682
Spikes
filiform,
Leaves lanceolate
ferrate
bluntish
eubeemile
8683
Spike
Aliform
panicled,
Leavee
ovate
serrate
acute
stalked
86M
Hoary,
Spikes
cylindrical
upright.
Leaves
ovate
serrate
Stem erect round
KSpikes
solitaryhirsute,
sulked,Leaves
Leavescut,trifld
cut spiked, Bracte*subeeesile,
8686
Decumbent
Flowers
linear
verycut-toothed
long squarrose
8687
Spikes
lax
solitary,
Stem
hispid
decumbent
rooting,
Leaves
oblong
entire at end
8688 Spikes
filiform.
Leaves
multifld
cut,
Stems
numerous
Spikes
filiform
panicled.
Leaves
muhlfid
cut,
i
null
8690
8691 Spikes
Hirsute,filiform
Spikessolitary,
filiform Leaves
solitary,bipinnatinil
Leave* serrate cut, Calyxes twice as long as fruit
523
Leaves oblong blunt downy beneath

S*M Leaves subcordate toothirrate pubeac, with S glanda at base. Corymb terminal ]
*B5
Somewhat
downy, entire,
leavescordate
toothed,
viscid.
Segtn. ofcor.
8686
Leaves
subcordate
Cor. thrice
as longCaLas large
tube of5-cornered
calyx. Limb
bilabiate
8697
Izares
lanceolate
quite
entire
84*3
Leaves
cordate toothletted
obscurely angular,
Panicles
ofbranche*Axilla
dichotomous
8699
Leaves
5-lobrd
smooth.
Panicle
brachiate.
woolly smooth
8700
Leaves
lobed
andacute
undivided
broad
ovate
entire.
Panicle
trichotomous
B701
Leave*
elliptical
entire
and
calyxes
downy,
The
calyx
In
fruit
thickened colored,
8?87tt!- Leaves
Leares oblong
lanceolate
entire, Petioles
peduncles
andaxllL
calyxandhairy
lana
or
lin.
lane,
entirequite
smooth.
Corymbs
term.
CaL5-toothed
87M
and calyxesaxillary
smoothfew-flowered.
X?6 Leave*
Leave* ovate
whorledentire
longshining.
lanceolatePetioles
entirepeduncles
smooth, Corymbs
Corollas very long
8W6
Leaves
broad-ovate
acuminate
serrate
downy
beneath,
Cal.
Moot bed, Cor. labiate
kcmEIi
8707
Leaves ovate entiredowny
toothedbeneath
and angular,
axillarytrichotomoue
about X-flowered
Sit Leave*ovateblunt
ribbed Peduncles
rugose, Corymb
B709
leaves oblong
acute entire.
Spinet
from the rudiment*
petiolei1-flowcred
mi
retuscovate
shining,
axillaryabout
eii Leaves
Unarmed,obovate
Leavesentire
cordate
acute Peduncles
to
871S Leaves stalked cordate crenate smooth
Leaves ovate, Flowcra tnlrsold
R Branches round, Leave* oblong acuminate entire, Racemes pendulous, Calyxes toothed
3S
d^l
round. Leere*
emarginatebeneath
blunt entire. Kacenes
erect,end,
Calyxes
som.
S5
{ches SQuare,
Leaves elliptical
obovate pubescent
Racemes
ovate entire,
obi. toothedsomewhat
upwardstoothed
pubesc atbeneath
Fl. brae
Branche*
branche, bluntly
square. ^cornert-d,
Leaves errateLeaves
acuminate
ra^M ln twisted, leaves obovate oblong
y. , Leave*
fruit9 erect,
Leaves
e'-l
line* long
3 linesoblong
broadlanceolate
subserrateacuminate
attenuated at inch end, Teeth of cal. s

&&h
born 1 aft*
academical
dissertation*,
^lit5bMbrother,
not published
^11 after hieIfW,
death.wroteThemany
species
are ornamental
plantsand
withatheFlorahabitof
A
hS!\
A
n'oô"
HolnukioM,
.,
published
e
obscure
works
upon
Cryptogamous
13 frt^''îr,f";""l!.,,"v'Pl"" "-'<><- '''"
of aborn
brightinred1710,
color,
large yxDs
rd
Petre,
diedbotany
in 174?.or
ni lianu pj,
, 1".1,.
*Pekeblueofflowers.
ni death ** * gratest los* that
and.
A climbing|'
plant with
1
u
WuscfbTft?^rLS"
ilK'n<?
*il*T)
and
woodTh'
tT(*
produce*
a wood
înrti
It
I*
very
hard,
and
ha.
been
supposed
applicable
to
^fUln,CM
durabilt?l,\r0v?
'" 'S
the Frenchfidle,
KmZâkin8ormsica
i.Ln ? g L.ê, EnKlish
havcmelanot,arJ,il1
corrupted the "Jname tobyflddle-wood,
as if i
X ^îr^^rant~
of under
Herbarium,
15ft*. died in
CT ,roc'y physician
loam and topeat,Pope
andSixtus
cuttingsV.,rootauthor
in sand
a hand-elasa.
Cf..n XIV.
534
1331. PEDA'LIUM. W. Pidaliu*.

Pedalina.
Sp.
1.
8722 Muxex W.
prickly-fruited ! cu 1} nu.s W.pu E Indies 1778. Lp Um. LLKI
MyoporHue.
Sp.
8.
1331
MYOPCKRUM.
For.
.
1789. Lp Botrep.S8S
S.W. I8I.
8723
elllpticum
2 ja.mr W N.
RSW,
8724
acumintumAA.Br.
Br. smooth-leaved
acuminate si_Ior
1801 Lp
Lp Bot mag. 193
N.N. HolL
8725 parvifolium
imall-leaved
I1
II *pr 33 ja.d... W
w
8726
tuberclcd
I1 PrP<" 3 ... w
N.N. Holl.
Holl.
w
8727 tuberculitum
vieceum A BrBr. viscid
*lI
3
...
Bot mag. 18B
S W.
8728
dbile
procumbent
SIJmv.au
f.au W
W N.Holl.
8729
diffusumA Br.
R. Br. oppoaite-leaT'd
diffuse
II
lI w*
8730oppoaititoliumABr
i_l
prpr 3 )a.d W N. HolL 1803. Lp
Myoporime. Sp. 23.
1331
Br. STEHOCliitu.
8731 STENOCHI'I
gbiber A Br.Kei US. B.apottcd
sroooth-leaved
2 ja.d R N. Boll 1803. IP Botmag.
8732
macultua
l_Jo 3 ap.my S N. Holl. 1820. Bot reg. m
133*.
Bo.vna.
8733 BONTIA.
daphnoides B.W.Br. Barbadoea
or ^ Vindie.1690. p.l DilLelttlMSI
Sp.
1335.
OROBAN'CHE.
W.
-rUpa
Eng. bol 1 'S
_.itain
BritS uncpL
8734
major W.W.
greater
Britain
clov.fi. SS i.!al Eng. bot 56!
8735elatior
taUer
Britain
clov.fi.
8
al
8736 minor W.
amaller
bot 421ira
Britain
ir.roc. SS alal Erg.
8737
robra
E.BW.
red
Eng. bot
VBr.pu Britain
Britain hemp
seaco.
8738
caprtlca
blue
Eng.
bot
IM
fi.
S
al
8739ram6aa W.
branching
1SS6.
CRESCENTIA.
W.
-
Solane.
Sp.
2.
, mi
10
...
W
'jamaica
1690.
r.m
Jac.
amer.tI
8740
Cujte W. W. ovaLfruited
8741 cucurbitula
round-fruited J$
O cu
cu 10 ... W W. Indies 1733. r.m Plum. . 1 1
1337.
CasnLLEJa. or ljtjLau
Scrophularine*.
Sp. 110.
Pa.Y Louisiana
1811. D Lp
8742 CASTILLE'JA.
leaailiflra Ph. Sm.sessile-flowered
1338.
HALLE'KIA.
W.
Iluu.n.
...
Sp.
12.
C.G.
H.
1752. p.1 Botmag. 17*1
8743 lcida YY.
thining-leaved l_l or 6 jn.au S
Orobanche.
Sp.
13L
1339.
LATHRÂ.
Toothwort.
8744 souamaria W. scaly
1 ap Gr Britain dry wo. D Eng.bot.S0
1340.
RHINAN'THUS.
W.
Yellow-Rattle.
Sp. 510.
_tW
1 Scrophularinete.
jn.au Y Britain
mca.pa. S Eng.
bot
8745
crtsU-gilli
Poil, wattled
Cock's-c
1|1 Jn.au
YY Europe
1820.
SS Mol.aSl"8746
alectorolphua
jn.au
Europe
...
8747 Trixago /..
inflated
1341. BART'SIA.
Scropfiularine.
Sp. 510.
ap Fluk.alll'
t Siberia
N. Amer.
1787. DD ip
}8748
GsneLiRXtn
1 jljn.s HL.P
178S.
8740
pallida
1.
as
Eng. bot 11
Y
Britain
.
S
875
visc.a
iLPit
Britain
mea.[.
S
8751
5i iL
8752 Odontlte
alpina W H. K.
jLau Pu Britain alpriv. S m.s En, bot 1
8722
Ute, Propagation,
h rd and
riJiW^Z ,'8,. History,
word signifying
a nail orCulture,
point This plant produces a nam
i6l,ltlthfo'irina'rn<'ims'>rhrns.
. noon.
-, silt
UlJ'!>'>Pr">?Erom au, t ,hut up, and , a pore : the spots which cover the leaves
^Ti'iT, ^"i?* *",hIrom
"me emi-trumparent
, .. ,
mu m
.'':^
narrow, and substance.
vx, a lip; the narrow lip distinguishing
MM 8"
1 m f.mdrd "
pretty
New Holland
smallh physician,
shrubs, with
fineatredBatavia,
flowerspublished
,.._.,.,,
natural
hisiViVO
_Jam
B"t
or
Bontius
was
a
Dte
bom
in
m
lianmn -rt .But ,"d'C*' in ,hc ram,ICT of so. A South American 1 with the appearance a
*,eiarc"l1*
nltcltc. "Mhv,
crenated,
and theleguminous
flowers axillary.
strangle,
"'la nS.e
.fn'nC"
"i"*.and
vetch,
or destroying
other
plant,
andhieb
Mt".theyl ?""
fljbein
r^"V,
. SIid ".0
lr* 'effKt
of "r.
these
parasites
inthemselves
the
plants
uponother
h|
8H
'ei.ing
to
the
roots
of
plants
and
! ithout KS- .,0,<" tuberous, imbricate with scales, and sends out fibres into the g L , u actio
ml- rtrSS?-.
.impleexcepting
: the flower,
are in terminating
spikes. and^J*'"'
majo? adhr fd generally
a11 anim'.
the minuter
tribes of Cimices
Tnnpscs
especially
ininnSr.
p, , ' whC
the root
of 1,"'
uroom, mrae, "nd c,ov<'r- and U Pii:ular "^f'frKver. HJ!U
'cially
'
fbull,
"tge.
Il,ick
flesh.
.i
',"
,om<!
1,1
11
deters
the
farmer
altogether
from
adheres to the
*, '> sometimes bulbous, and sending out fibres v.
omclatior
K 0 ' a"d , l ''
It does
<mmonl, found adherid , ,hc rxU of Cenuurca and Trifolium 1
Ordi II.
nCI|j. ffi*!. truncate, Flower, with a Mrong mell fmuA
Iii!
St
e ci;m i^liiTStaiS^^ branche, gtanaunu ,
tu
tt'lU
.it*li )
8731 Leave* UnceoUteorelliptical entire sometimes toothed at end, Branche downy, Stem diffuse
!(h
Ii 8735 Stem silky, Leave* spatulate lanceolatemuch shorter than flower, Stamens a little protruded
8733 Leve*alternate. Peduncle* 1-flowered
t*
873*Stemihnple.
Cor.
Stam.hairy
naked
downw. Stigma
LobesStyledistant.
Stylepubesc
Stem limpie. Cor.
Cor. 4-fid
4-fid,inflat
Stamen*
downwards,
Stigma2-lobecL
obcordate,
smooth
upwards
.Ii!Jiiki 8736 Stemlimpie.
4.fld,
Stamens
hairy
downwards.
Stigma
retuse,
Style
smooth
upwards
8737
Stem
limpie,
Corolla
tubular,
Segm.
oflip
blunt
equal.
Stamens
fringed
on
one
side
at
base
Iii*
nearly simple,
BradesCalyx
3, Calyx
Iii V RMStem
87 Stembranched.
Cor. Cor.
5-fid,5-fld,
Bractcs3,
shorttubular
deeply half4-cIcft
4-cleft
87 Leaves
Leave* cunate
lanceolate close
together
8741
ovate lubcoriaceous
separate.
Fruit ovate acuminate
87t Leaves at end palmate-cut, Flowers sessile
8743 Leavesovateacuminate serrate, Corollas Clipped, Calyx 3-leavcd, Stamens exscrted
8744 Stemquite simple, Corolla* pendulou* with the lower lip trifld
* Upofcorolla
]] nfoor",la compressed
emarginate S-toothed,
Middlevillous
segment oflower lip short
shorter,
Calyxes
i S *H6Upper
n*7Lower lipofcor. longer
than upper,
Middle
segm. blunt longer than lateral, CaL vlIL Lv*. deeply toothed
jjW Leaves alternate linear 2-toothcd on each side
frn
if"6*
allemate
lanceolate
entire.Flowers
Floraldistant
oval toothed
i?;
, 1*
alternate
serrated,
Literal
ail Leavesopposite
*""|
lanceolate
serrated,serrated
Segm. oflower
lip ofcorolla blunt
cordate bluntly
*
clwr till lh ~m^d '^<>" 1,.
., ""*.. AH ,ht:S-
"~"ml p"mt, ""O w"ld ""Pli "Ty collector

h,
"
""'"'
M red
.
Surelytosohim.em
!*?*"
?"."'",i1n
conscrale*
lKL
S1-*
""i"1
'"
11,0
"
of ofwhitehe
the room of wh.ch it i, covered with abundance
,j
2^* "OWer ' taM1MC f rin8Cnl COr" '""Pre-cd, at the
"" !?I inIKS
" 8ta.
beloved friend
John?
Batach, M D of .h, C
i.
h Xnor.
curiou.
Class XIV.
Sp. 312. S Entbot ItlS
134
EUPHRA'SIA.
Eye-bbight. O w I Scrophvlarme<e.
JLa YW S.Britain
1753 otticinlis
W. W. common
Europe iiast.
1816. S Jac aust t S.
875*
yellow
oror IiI jU
jLs Pu S. Europe ... S
8755 ltea
latifoliaW. L.
broad-leaved
Scrophularinets.
Sp.
59.
tUta.
ANTIRRHI'NUM.
J.
Snap-Dbacox.
S Eng. bol 13
England old-'
6756 mju*
W.
great
jn.au
old w.w, SS
cxxcxneum
tcarltt-flouttr'd or
oror 333 jn.au
jn.au S.w England
England
old
ySflore
bicolorplino
two-colored
England old w. D Lp
double-flowered
18U4. S 1.1 Eng, bot IIB
jl.au FW Sicily
8757
sU'ulum
W.W.
Sicilian
2 oror S1} jn.au
Britain Barj-fi.
8758
orntium
F
S r.m BoL mag.
8759
Asarina
W.
Italy
1699.
W
8760 mlle L.
soft-leaved
W Spain 1752. ai
1344.
LINA'RIA.
Toad-Flax.
Sp. 3775.
Eng, tot 50!
i Scropkularinete.
my.n VPu England
old w. DD ilil Jacota.it
8761
Cvmbalaria
H.J. K. Ivy-leaved
Pyrenees 180.
8762
pilosa
H.
hairy-leaved
i
jn.s
bot (SS
S Eng.
YY Engtand
England cora
fi.
8763 Eltine H. .
harp-pointed
iJl-n
Eng.
bot'.LI*
(SI
fi.
8764 spuria
i jU . Egypt corn
'
8755
cirrhsaH.... round-leaved
1771.
tendrilled
*e
SS Li BoL mag Sit
.
Egypt
1771.
8766
gyptlaca
.
.
Egyptian
8767
tripudia
1 JI1.S Y.Pu
Dar.mag.53
atLitlSl
Y Sicily
N. Amer. 15!.
1800. S Bot
8768
latiflia H.H..C three-leaved^
broad-leaved
11 jnjl
8769
Portugal
1710. D Lp Swertfl.gard.30
jn.i Pu
8770 triornithphoraH.A^three-bird
bipartita P. S. two-parted 3
Barbary
1815.
Pu S, Europe 1648. S BoLmagS
in." Pu
8771
purprea
.. . purple
Si
1
8772
versicolor
France
1777. SD al Jacic.Lt
vanous-colored 3
1Jiko
jLt F.Y
Eng.
bot SU)
England cn.hil.
8773
rcpeni
.
.
Spain
creepmg-rootedJt
'
Bot
mag.
S
al
8774 Sprtea . ,
1772.
branching
11 Jn.o
S
8775
bipunctt
Spain
6776
Hffilva.W.Jt JE. two-spotted
Egypt 1749.
1803.
hairy-calyxed
1 jljn.au Pu
SD al Bot mag.H
8777
tristis
Spain
1727.
brown
Br
1
jl.au
8778 supina . .
Y Spain
trailing
O oroi 1i jl.au
,.l Jacic3.t9
8779
P.
aS. Europe
Europe 1728.
1816.
upright
P.B
... SS 1.1 BarrpL ic. 112
8780 simplex
arvnsie .P. 5.S.
com
O
o
1
jl.au
Y S Europe 1640.
8781
Pelisaerina
A',
vioet-colorcd
O
o
1
jn.s
S al Bot mag.368
8782
viscosa
. .. '. clammy
Spain
1786.
or 1 11 Br
8783
multicalis
W
Levant
1728. 8D alLp BocsicthUl
many-ctalked
1 oioi 1|HmjrJI
Smith icptct
8784
reticulata
.
.
Pu
Algiers
1788,
niy.jl
...~.net-flowered
fr
8785
glaiic*
. ".
Europe 1800. S al Buxb.cen.4.ts7
glaueous-leav'd oi I jn.au Pu.T S.Austria
Bot mag.
8786
alpina
.
1570
Alpine
-*
A)
o>
1
jl.n
Barrel,
ic M
DD Lp
8787
villsa
.
:
llous
1
oi
Spain
1786.
1
jl.au
Barrel.
Lp
8788 origanifTia_ AL Marjoram-lvd. ^ _| o; 1 jn.s S. Europe 1785. S 5.1 Eng. botic.K
M*
8789
minor
.
,
Y
England
san.fi.
least
erect
O
w
jn.n
Buab.cai.1
SS al ta. le. L LIUt*
8790
dalmtica
. '. Dalmatian . | cu
YPa Levant
1731.
8791
hlrta
.
.
shaggy-leaved
or
Spain 1759.
8792 macrora /. long-horned k or 1 in. s
1822. DD Bot mag. :isi
8793 jncea
genistil'lia
H.K Broom,leaved or jl.au Y Crimea
Austria 170*.
S
8794
.
Hueh-etalked
or
Y.Br
Spain
1780.
jl.au
bot
63
8795 vulgaris AT. yellow
hed. DD Eng.
V cu
w 1 jn.s YY Britain
Eni.
bot!
i?
Petra
regular-flowerd$.
Britain
1
jn.s
Vent
ce*tb.W 19
8796
canaiinss
7*.
S.
Y
N.
Amer.
1812.
Canada
or
1
jn.au
Mor.
ai
8797 chalepneis . '. white-flowered or 1 jn.jl
Levant
1345
ANARRHI'NUM.
.
ScrojAvlarinetv.
Sp. 16.1629.
Bauh.praL4
8798 bellidirlium
W. Detf.
Daisy-leaved
3t CD pr ljjn-au
B Franco
tl346\ NEME'SIA. Vent. Kembsi*,
Scrovhutorutr.
Sp.
55.
8799
chamdrifolia . Chanwdrys-lv. t. A or S . Pu C. G. H. 1787 DD Vcntmalmt*'
eSOufar-tetu
A oror SS jl.au
.8 Pu
8801
F.. S.
Pu CCH.
C. a. H. 1788.
1774. S al Bur.afr.t75.
1 uc ,
,
Ute, Propagation,
Thii
"'TS
Anbridgmcnt
of Euphrasia,
the name
ofCulture,
a woman,
orJ*gr,
NutloiaSSir ,h?m.
h" J-yft" 1'"*
" officinalis
in disorder,
of the exproaiing
eye., hut rtjoynow
thon to M
no,,, "hf Ii?? h"ise. Lightfwt .tato., that tho Scotch Highlander, make an mtoon of.t
S "' V
*lth * 'fflh,rand ;, it, beaux the Mower, of most of,,h.oeciabea"
tSS"^SSSL
the flowers
.pro i(
w
cnlturo ii av d,, "",ut of ",mc nimal.!
. maju. and it. Tarietiea are popular border
..J^
Linaria,
vil.,
'
tne
other
epeoiea
are
also
pretty
little
plant*.
.
most part
fretty annual Planta ' and
aP'a""
ut of/thorn, at"L."T
"milar towell
Linum,
Hal.for growing
The specie,
are or lorth.roc.
Cymbalaria,
actapted
in poU
It
o*7
(raffia
'hidrill In
8757
Lerntlinearkuteeolatetenate,
racemose,
Sepals
glandular
hairy lanceolateacute
8758
I.eare*
lanceolatecordate
: upperunequally
alternate,Flowers
Flowers
subseeslle.
Calyxes
corolla
ST59 Leavesopposite
Leavesopposite
somewhat
lobed
hairy,longer
Steinsthan
procumbent
8760
ovate downy,
Stemscrenate
procumbent
61
Leavescordate
5-lobed alternatevery
smooth,
procumbent
876S Leaves
Small,
Leaves
hairyStems
alternate,
Stems procumbent
S7S3
hastate renfform
alternate.rpand
Stems procumbent
8764
LesTes
hairyalternate
roundish
ovate,
lower
obeoletely
toothed : producing
upper subsessilc
8765
1eaves
hastate
alternate.
Stemsspreading,
Petioles
occasionally
tendrilsentire, Stem procumb.
8766
Leaves
hastate
alternate,
Stem
erect rough
much atbranched,
Pedunclesstiff
8767
Leaves
ternate
ovate
blunt
S-nerved
edge.
Spike
terminal,
Flower*
8768
Leaves
tematc ovate3-nerved,
lanceolate
S-nerved,
SpikeRaceme
terminal,terminal
Flowersfew-flowered.
sessile stalked
87
Lva,
whorledlane.
Stems
decumbent,
large stalked
8770 Leaves
Leaves 4linear
linear lanceolate
lower
opposite ;erect
upperalternate,
Racemes lax. HelmetCor.
erectveryparted
8771
lanceolate,:: lower
Flower-stem
spiked
8773
leaveslinear
lanceolate
ternate,
Stem
erect
spiked
8773 Leaves
Rootcreeping.
Leaves
linearfleshy
close: : lower
lower3,4, Stem
Calyxpanicled
as long and
as capsule
' si 8774
subulatesmooth
channelled
quite smooth
8775 Leaves
leaves linear
linear
:
lower
4,
Stem
erect
panicled.
Flowers
incorolla
capitate
Je 8776
lanceolate: : lower
loweropposite.
about 4 smooth.
FlowersFlowers
capitate.
Calyxesspikes
hairy, Stem nearly simple
8777 Leaves
Leaveslinearscattered
Spur
subulate.
subsessile
about
4linear
linear.: lower
Stem indiffuse.
Flowers
racemose.
SpurFLstraight
8779
Leaves
nearly
fours,
Calyxes
pilose
viscid,
racemose.
Spur
straight. Stem
SM
Leavesnearly
linear:
lower in fours,
Calyxes
pilose viscid,
FLFlowers
racemose.
Spur recurved,
Stemerect
erect
87
Csuline
leaves
linearalternate:
radical
ovate
lanceolate
3-5,
corymbose
87te
Csuline
leaves
[.near
alternate
:
radical
lanceolate
4,
CaL
villous
close
to
stem
87 linear
5 linearchannelled
fleshy. Mowers
capitate the rootshoots in 5s, Calyx hairy, Pedunc. shorter than brades
878t
873j Leaves
Leaves 44 linear
subulatelanceolate
fleshy. scatteredupon
Stems
erect.Stem
Flowers
spiked
I
Leaves
glaucous.
diffuse.
Flowerslateral
racemose, Spur straight
*7S7
Leaves
all
opposite
villous,
Stem
simple.
Flowers
opposite
7*8
Iâveiobovate
opposite
:
floral
alternate,
Stem
ascending
pubescent.
8 Leaves mostly alternate lanceolate blunt, Stem much branched diffuseSpur straight
J a"1 90
leaves
somewhat stem-clasping
lanceolate scattered,
Bractcs longer
g
Leave, lanceolate
ha^^1^"*
791
leaves
1 - than calyx, Stc
79
Lea
alt,. alternate.
alternate, Flowers
Mowers nifc*H
spiked
879! (jara
-1* " hairy
upper
sepal
very large
Stem erect simple,
Spike term.
... Stem erect, Spike terminal Maule, imbricated
Runilt-rV
* -" cor.
Stem pt>iCUIubUt
erect
S*taJ le*Te*
lMoUte Hunt .errate: euline divide entire
H L
ESJfliast
l
3UtDill
& Dl s
niJel'
Iii *
liai"
Di
SU*
!
cu*
'
^SSSfSS^SiSSS
ran'ft"! Popular hrmt,
lau*
crminai .ith bractc.
n S779
"<*"'<1 1;,,, :,,
ud , Btacotd- te deauiMte a kind

tond ofof AntirxhinuM,
Antohinm. tote which
.Met, genua
_ thai is
Cua XIT.
DIDNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
11. MAURAN'DYA. W. Mauiukdt.
Seropnubriner.Mexico
* 179& .Lp
Botmas.*"
w semperflereris W. red-flowerd J_ | I ja.d'Pu
'
8 aMirrhinifl6TaFK.ew.blue-flowered i. I I or 10 ja.d Pu Mexico 1814 Lp Bot trug. !
tl348.
Ol
E. Indies 180a 1.0 Box. cor. USO
Jnj
8Slrt GERAR'DIA.
delphiniflia 1. W. purple
Larkapur-leav'd
[ZD
oror i4pa
N.N. Aracr.
Bot. 4
J".
8805
purpurea
Ph.
Amer. 1772.
1812. SS ilA .
xltttH
1 jl.au
slender-leaved
Q>
8906 tenuiflia PA.
N. Amer.
Amer. 1796.
Lp
PlUtSM
yellow
oror 4Ii jLau
8807
flava
Ph.
N.
1812.
Lp
Purbh.amer.LH
jl.au
8808 querciflia Pi. Oak-leaved
ScTopkularineiB._. Sp. 1640.
PEDICULA'RIS.
W.
1349.
Eng. bot
359
bog.m. DD Eng.
2 Jnjl " Britain
8809
palustris
W.
bot
Britain mjiea.
sylv&tica
W.
8810
Cmel.sib.3tt!
1816.
S
p
i
Siberia
euphrasioidcs
W.
Eyebright-lvd.
8811
S pl Plit3.spLStl
Uauria 181ft
myriophyllaWW. resupinatc
Milfoil-leaved
8812
GmeLsib.3.L44
1816.
Siberia
8813
dsn. tI
E6
1793. SS pipi Flor.
Sweden
814 resupinta
Scptrum Carolilium W. sceptred
Jac
suits
1787.
S
pi
Austria
recutita
W.
iagged-lcaved
881.1
JaesuitxllS
178ft
S
pi
Austria
8816 canadensis
folisa W. W. leafy
SweetUgard-W
N. Amer. 1800.-- SS pi
Canadian
8817
JacSinti
Austria 1815.
1796. S pi
incamta 1.
flesh-colored
Gmel.
sits,1.1
14S
Siberia
pi
hooked-flower,
uncinta
W.
Jac.
sustS
te
Austria
1790.
S
pi
verticillata
W.
whorled
HalLherf.lS.tS
Switzcrl.
1775.
S
pi
flmmea W.
upright
Switserl. 1799. S p.l
88i2
tuberosa
W.
tuberous
Siberia
8823 compacta
close-headed
Italy 1815.
1775. SS p.1pi All.peil.ttl
comsa 1.W.
spiked
SCTOphularimte.
Sp. 412.
*1350.
ERI'NUS.P. S.W. mooih-leaved
Enivus.
imr.ap
Pyrenees
173a il Botrab.969
8825
mr.ap RY Spain
1739.
8826 alplnus
hi.4|inicus P. S. hairy-leaved 5^[ -AI
-Ai oror 1 imy.jii
aft.140.
.
G.
H.
1776.
8827
frgrans W.Thunb. pale
fragrant
i | oror i my jn Y . G. H. ... xls.1 Bur.
Bot reg. 7
a. l_J
$8828 Lychnfdea
Sp. 512.
tUSl.
MI'MULUS.
1 ScrophularineiC.
jl.au L.P California
N. Amer.
1759. p.1. Botmag.SSS
8829rlngens
W. W. w. Monkey-Flower.
gaping
Bot mag. 4
Or Chili 1794.
Ja-d
8830
glutinsus
Orange-flower,
Bot *874
1824. SD pl Bot
8831
parvirlrus
Lindl.
jn.d
Y
small-flowered
or
b. 4101501
N.
Amer.
1783
L.P
S832altus
W.
]Lau
oval-lcaved
A
D
pl
Bol
mag.
America
1812.
Y
: jn.s
S8331uteus 1.
yellow-flowered -AI
Scrophularinete.
Sp 12.1816. S s.1 Ros. . t. 155
1352.
Wen. Hoenemansi.
- - E. Indies
8834 HORNEMAN'NIA.
bicolor W. en.
two-colored
(TJJ pr lin.
tl353.
Scroj
Mazt's.
^tSr?hin?
'-1780. S 4 S..8.gri*
8835 MA'ZUS.
rugsus H.Lour.
K. China
njpr Jmy.s
Sp
2.
134.
ISOPI.EX'IS
Undl.
IaoptEXls.
8836 D.
canariciisis
Und.L. Canary
fj. i | or 4 jn.jl Br.o Canaries 1698. S pl Llnd.dig.S7
atnarienm
1777. S pl Linn, dig 28
8837 scptrum Und. Madeira
ni | or 4 jLau
D. wrfitrum I*
808
fct0S
8804
*i*w5SSlte N4 '9 honor V"' ***

AmerS'l"or f *nSeZL^S Gc"rde, ou -u25 P m.onth* '"S01""
le loloT- whl,Tor will e ,htr ta Cn' "on the sheep to be in bad condition and to
"V^lStfe Tney S'land the ,1"Jl'"Jh
that inTvery regular manner. It*
tbe, never came to a.v*
cl'*.
seeds ofsplkes,aix!
it to tbs
tnu* re flowers
grow inwholongsentwhorled
'- 0 II.
niDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERHA.
<S9
Onice ofOToUadcod
atiu
'Uli Br,chT^mS"t^rLv"r "' 0 """J opposite
Bill lu
Da
SM Stem
Lo .
i |. taiii WIl
brand s* biaSch ^T,'St"ftn'-
nb! *~tedm HelmetL
uiicb,
nennet<**?jL
acute
eavesdeeply
pinnatifid,
Pinnm
repandTrenuatc,
5-lUl ^k^Pî^L
ffl irnmple Lvs.
pi.m-ifid,
Pinn*
lane, pinnatitldCal.
toothed,
^ke lea(y
16 Stem simple
.imple Spike
Cauline'leV*
deeply pinnatifid,
Ann* lanc. ummatep
nn^fi.d0^ft "
8817
somewhatleafy,
Helmet
setaceous
<gLttgtedOTmjrtl
|IW B19Stem
IS Stem limpie
i.mple Cauline
Leave, deeply
pinnntifid,
Pinn
unequallylan.tOTdoubty''"^r'i^
hVdeeply
pinnatifid,
Pmnrclm.
tW^^rgM^ff
Stem
limply
Caulmc
leave, pinnatitid
in fours,
Pinna-blunt
ob ong
^)jSS^b^SSS^%J^SM
m
Stem
iraple
Lvs.
pinnated,
Pinn*
imbricated
ovate
b^tootlie*
^toot^
"JSSi
^ Stem
Stem .imple
smile Lvs.
Lvs. inn.
p.nnateri,
Pmn*
deeply
pinnatifid
tooth.end
Cal. 5-fid tome*C.1.Mwt
crested,
H**umi
8823
Pinna*
Une
pinnatifid
confluentat
tw^Se
Stem limpie; Lyi. pinnate. Pinna: pinnatifid somewhat toothed, Spike leafy, Helmet two-toothed
m Iâvei cespitse
deeplybluntly
serratedaerrated.
smoothish,
Peduncles
terminal ubcorymbose
branched iratuUte
villous,
Leave*
Flowers
racemose
mil
ffl Smaller
Leaveslanceolate
oblong toothed,
Scgm. of limb entire
lIW S8 Leaves lanceolate smooth serrated at end, Stem herbaceous, Segm. of limo Dina
29Leaveslanceolate
acuminate
Pedunc.
longerthanthanflnwer
flo*er
8X3.'
Lenes oblong bluntish
clammysmooth
sessile.sessile,
Peduncles
shorter
Procumb.
Stem
round
rooting
hairy,
Lvs.
cori-ovatc
toothed
5-ncrred,
fetlunc
8&3i
leaves ovate
lUlked,
winged
S3 Leaves
roundish
ovateStem
nervedsquare
; lower
stalked, Sti
31 Leaves obovatc entire at base, Calyxes spreading
lax longer than the few-leaved stem, Calyxes
of cor. acute
8877 Sepnentj of trolla blunt, Raceme comose
in fruit increased in site
- 8859
vi sua w 8837
and Miscellaneous Particuar.
All
the
species
are
extremely
difficult
to
keep
in
gardens.
According
Qdofanii
d of soil.
, "" "1*
moiet ituntions;
species: themust
grown
in pots into
iBotciit
40+) anu;1
UIldc'r framt'ltthenmore
everctender
weather
bestbeway
of increasing
I s,nilktA,t"ami; ,umft'r which Dioscorides describes an aquatic plant with a white flower, black
the 1 ,i? , i mnotheres*'mblaiico
Xatt circumstance
has derived
; 1(< signifying
tree.
>s"Uatift
twarm
that itdamp
called
Knnus iUby name
the modems,
lfeauiifula wild
littlefigalpine
55 ^ted
10 r*-work
inflower
Mluation..
'WWW
are shftlW,M*Van
apeThe
seeds
in
front
resemble
the
face
of
a
grinning
monkey,
ante of the
cabictt
cultureHurnemaiin,
in almost any soil
or uttuation.an eminent botanist, and the
Professor
Copenhagen,
-r*Earned
Dnica.afterLittle,
incoiiKpicuous, butofcurious
annual plant*,
hn i T-,K* a teat" on areo"nt of the little protulwrancee which close the mouth of the
not
unlike
some
kinds
of
Antirrhinum.
>d t>a4, segment, in allusion to the equal-sized divisions of the
M :n
XIV. a:
Sp. 1921. S Lindl, dig
1356.
4 Scrozkularinets.
jn.s Pu
8838 DIGITALIS
purprea L. W.
W Britain
Britain hedb.
hcd.b. S Lindl, dig. 6
mOm
Pu
Spain
I7S9. UD Lindl dig.3
8839 minor L.
Pu SwiUcrL
Spain 1752.
U m L.Y
8840
Thpsl
/..
di3.78
D LindL dig.
34 Ljl.au L.Y Europe 1596.
SMI
ambigua
Murr.
... DDeoc LindL
i
oror 3 jl.au Br
8842 ochroleca Jacq. great-yellow
Lindl
dig. 910
fulvous
SM
;
fiv.-,
/./
LindL
Y
Hungary
1816.
D
24 jLau
-fc or
8844
Ixvigta
n:/... . shining-leaved
Lindl, dig
dig
Br Greece
Italy 1597.
D
CO
jl.au Br
Iron-colored
i
8845
ferruginea
dig.
DDeo Lindl,
jl.au VV.Br Greece 1816
golden
or 32 jn.o
8846 urea Lindl.
Lindl,
dig 1*1511
1738.
broad-lipped 9lit oror 2 jnjl W.Br Hungary 1789. D LindL dig
8847
8848 icucopliar-a
lanta EAr. SiWu woolly
Lindl.
dipW Levant ' 1820 D Lindl, dig 16II
eastern
5 or 14ljjnjl
8849
orienllis
s
Br
1798. D LindL dig. U
jn.au
small-flowered
iAt
8850
parvirsra
Jacq.
Y.n
rigid
i9t oror 211 jn.au
8851
LimU. <. purple
dig
Pk Germany 1776. DD Lindl

jn.au
88.52 rgida
purpurscens
dig
Y France 1629. DD Lindl,
8853 tubittra Lindl. tube-flowered i or 22 jn.au
LindL
dig.
2S
L.Y
jl.au
8854
L. Limit. pale-yellow
smnll-ycllow J or 2 jl.au Y
dig. 1
D p.l LindL
8855 ltea
lutes'cens
LrndLdigSS
-t. :
Or
Spain
1771
885G obscura
Willow-leaved o 1 or 1
Scropktliirinex.
Sp. 29-35.
1356.
SCROPHULA'RIA.
W.
FiowonT.
mv.jl
G.Br
N.
Amer.
175*
D
Lp
8857
Maryland î
15
woods.
DD CO Eng.bat
8858 marilandica
nodosa IV.IV. W. water
knotty-rooted
un my.jl
.
my.jl Bd
Bd Britain
Britain
wst.pL
8859aqutica
un
Jar.
sch.it
3
jl
D.Pu
Morocco
1805.
D
8860
ap]iendicultaW. Wjm. ear-leavetl
heart-leaved
un 2 jl.au Br Spain 1772. D LcfciaSSS
8861
Er*schff-tv
bot SB
Britain wat.pl.
8862 auriculta
Scorodnia W. Balm-leaved
Canaries
1779. DI)S Lp Jac
8863
glabrata
IV.
spcar-leaved
Barr,
ic il*
Spain
1752
8864
W. doubly-sawed
Betonv-leavcd
1816 DD CO Scop earn, t
886.5 betonicirolia
biserrata Home.
W. en.
Austria 18
8866Scop6lii
PL
rachuiLtilt
Scopoli's
1) to
Br.pu
8867
glandulosaIV.W. en. landulsr
Br Hungary
Levant W0(
17It 1)
8868
orienllis
lemp-leaved
Br
1811. p-I) Herrn,lugt547
8869
adscndens
IV.
en.
ascending
2
jn.'
D.Pu
Portugal
1768.
3870
frutscens
shrubby
-i (un
1786. S Mur.co.goll'8871
altaica W.IV.W.
white-flowered
un liny.jnmy Pa.Y
Eng. bot*'
Y Siberia
Britain m.shpL
8872vcrnlis
yellow
geller
Canaries
S - Pluk.aLlSI.tfS
1|2 my.s
my.jn K.V Africa 177*.
8873,irguta IV.
slender-upright
iQJ
un
1731.
8874
JV. W. thrce.leaved
MdLktiia
R.0
Spain
ft
8875 trifolita
sambuciflia
33 jU
Elder-leaved
Br.pu
Hungary
180b. DDD > PLrsr.buit
8876
lacinita
W.
en.
jl
W.haber 1-t*
jag-leaved
Br.pu
Portugal
1816
8877 lyrta IV. en.
33 jl.au
Ivrate-leaved
Br.pu Tauria 1804 D W.haber.l.tso,
8878
tnacetiflia
IV.
en.
Tansv-leaved
jL
Dc.f.s.H.4
Br.pu
Barbary
1786.
Deo
8879mellircra
Barbry
Lob icip
Br.pu
Europe 1683.
8880
canina
IV.W.
wing-lcavcd ^ un S3 jl.au
jn.au
Br.pu SCiisp
Levant
1596. DDDeooo W. horlber.3i
8881
Kicida
W.
Ihinig-lcaved
2
jn.au
Br.pu
sha
1816.
8882 variegta M. B. variegated ^ un 2 jn.au
W.ImbCT.LtS
1816. iDeo00 W.baber.l.W
8883 multida W. en. multi6il-leaved ^ un
1816
8S84chrysiithcmimlaIi:en.Chry5anl.-lv.3s.
un 3 jn.au Br.pu
jn.au Pu Italy 1640. S Camer.hnrt.Li5
8885 peregrina W.
Nettlc-lcaved ^ O un 32 jn.au
1357.
L. diffuse
Vakdellia. Scrophularineie. Sp. I
MsrcLmS10
886 VANDEL/LIA.
diflua L.
1 jl.au
- 7,'.' Nnmc<1 * Fuch". History,

Use, Propagation,
SM<4
fr digi/,
a thimble,Cuitare,
in allusion to the form of theIB(towers i
eJ
-^?.*0
8lu'">-"tnamental
""1 of native
of easyplants
culture.
D. purpurea,
sound both'^"
lid
S?,' " .V,emos'of "rt
,nc most
in rocky
copses, neglected
hedges ^ %,Iu
imraluced
notfonly
botanist Itand
is even
!
n"l e fng,
Th ?1.1
pa""er ' attracts
la"d""
suchthescenery.
is aflorist,
violentbutpoison
; but^"^
also a valop
"a
thSseS
onlil'SfT
""*
"'U'1'
They
shouldshould
be gathered
whend
tte th
phJ^ p. wtti
psrt
b
lhh
selected.
Tlie
leafstalks
and
midrib
be
rejected,
'oaf
,1" ",e "shine,
a tin-pan or pewter dish liefere the
or the
sear morsth
separat",
"""s'une, or onPractitioners
tne fire,
nre,
uivolplant
p"
the
or u',*'?,101"
ight
annually
to they
obtain
a supply
black,
in
n;cnu'y.
nd
dry
them
themselves
;
as
in
the
Herb-ships
are
often
so
pni
" tonpr*^
Digital!, ori,i 'eU>^
aSSt
?
The powder
should
kei>t
closely
opaque
Digitalis
J,"f!e '""
are "'si
useless.
nowHer
.thebe
I force
era inof cloielv
stooped
opaoue
phi*
"hdsiuon
sedative
and diuretic.
It weakens
all the .!
vita! functions,
andl ^
lt
Pleasure
of the ,&
f "'e"pulse
may betime
diminished
anytonumber
of pulsations,
nd
"^g-nea
w* Bctee.
STiSnSSrA
""1*
"esame
it
admits,
certain
extent,
of
the
^wtoto(
"crease the firmness of the arterial action, and give tone to the habit, "sins
OlDH II.
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPEHMIA.
aalIil
acute,
Pedunc.
rtralgl [as calyx
Lvtobl
rugose
crcnate
wavy decurront,
SepalsSegm.
ovate,of Segm.
ovate
rounded
Lvs.
radical
flaton
theses,ground,
Raceme*
few-t.
cor.
or.ofcor.
round,
smooth,
Pedun.ov.three
time* asliluut
long
,fiLv*.ov.
1 Lvs.ov
lane,
tooth,
nerved,
Lowerbractesas
longas
ti.
Cor.
down
.
netted,
Segm.
lane, acum.Brattee
toothedtwice
and stem
villous.
Braetea Cor.
twicedowny
a* longnetted,
as lowerSegm.
flowers,
tor.transverse
villous
nelted
Dl Ui 3 Ls, laneciliated,
as
short
as
flowers,
ov.
acute,
Lip
bearded,
iVerysmooth
lin. lane.
not downy
Raceme many.flowered,
densebranched,
pyramidal,Lvs.
Sepals
edged.Rowers
Lip ofscattered
corolla Lip
ovate
entireJ-toothed
bearded [SUmens as longas tube
litt S5J Raceme
Raceme
Sepals
edged,
Corolla
bowed,
ovate
dense
cylindrical
many.fl.
Lip
of
cor.
clawed
lunate,
Bractes
i Leavessmooth.
oblong,Leaves
Hachiswoolly,
Up of scattered,
cor. ovate Lips of cor. oblong linear longer than flower
'Very
linear, Flowers
I
Lvtobl.
Une.
wavydeflexcdciliated
entire.
Raceme
denseI-sided
cylindrical,
Se:.,
anil
sepalsSegm.
ofcor.uv.rounded
L D>
GlatuluL
hairy,
Lvs.
obL lane,
rugoseRaceme
wavy tooth.
Raceme
many-fl.
Cor.
pubesc.
glunduL
Lfi
linear
lane,
serrated
smooth,
1-sidcd,
Cor.
smooth,
Segments
rounded
!Segm.
of cor.
ovatesmooth,
obtuse, Raceme
Flowers 1-sided,
of distinctCor.sexes
[ftowrii
Lvs.
lane
MM
smooth
:
segm.
ov.
bearded,
Ixmer
bractes
longer
thao
crenatelanenotentire
downy.smooth,
RacemeCorollas
1-slded,ventricose
Cor. smooth, Segm. very blunt
S Lvs.
Halfcordate
shrubby,oblong
Leavesflatlinear
velllTlCOSe
* - serrate acute rounded at base. Stem..^.v-ioa
8857 T*.
Leaves cordate
with blunt
angles
8858
Leavescordate
S-nerved,decurrcnt
Stem withblunt,
bluntStem
angles
8859
Leaves
cordatestalked
with
membranous
angles,
Kacemes
terminal
Lvs.
Lvs. obLcord,
ovate cord,hairybeneath
smooth cut serrate
with appendages
at base, Petioles
diluted,
equal,
eines
term, compound
doubly
toothed
with
an
appendage
at
base,
Petiole*
jtacemcs)
terminal
8 Lvsobi.
Leaves cordate
doubly
serrate
pubescent.
with leaves Stem
between
*ta
Line. cord,
doubly
serrated
smooth.Panicles
Paniclesterminal
racemosetriehotomous
terminal d-chotomous,
i shrubby
8861
leaves
cordate
obi.
toothed
:
teeth
entire
those
at
base
deepest
M 1 lvs.obi.tenu
lane,cord,
deeplyerencordate
find}upper
and doubly
smooth,
Pan. racem.
BBwLow
toothed;
entire, serrated
Fl. racemose
panicled,
Bractesterm.
ovateFed.lain-,^.chntomous
entire atend
leaves
cordate3-nerved
pubeic.
on
each
side.
Petioles
ciliated,
Pedunc.
and
bractes
with glandular hairs
*> Leaves lanceolate serrated sUlked : cauline in 3s ; and the branches opposite
8 Lvs. somew.
lane, narrowed
at eachsessile
end deeply
unequally
and doubly
toothed
Racemes
terminal
WOLvs.
fleshy:toothed)
upper
toothed
smooth
recurved
at end.
Pan.smooth.
racem.
PeduncI ed.
bifid
many-flow.
871
Lvt
cord,
doubly
lower
teeth
bent
backwards,
Raceme
terminal
compound,
Leavescordate
pubescent
doublyserrated,
serrated.Panic,
Panic,axillary
axillarydichotomous,
dichotomous.Capsules
Bradesacuminate
ovate serrato-vfl. altem.
Leaves
cordate
smooth
doubly
WTt Uaves smooth : lower tenate pinnate blunt ; upper simple, Pedunc. about 3-fl. axillary
75
Leavesinterruptedly
unequal.
terminal,
W6Lvs.
obL cordlolied alepinnate cordate 'g
as pet.Raceme
. term.
comp. Pedunc.
Brauel axillary twin dichotomous
|1
rei*n. ? me'
'"ose Indicatk. < r'l,. SKir.*"
'""'"."""met"^.
union, andnawra
isai^sssjr**
'.iSu?
iris? witb
s
Mm 2
Class XIV. s
532
135a
Sibthowia. el
8887 SIBTHOR'PIA.
europar** W. W,Cornish
USB.
LIMOSEL'LA.
W.
Mcdwort.
8888 aqutica W.
water
* I* Scrop/iularine<e. Sp. 2.
1360.
BROWAl/LIA.
W.ipreading
Browallia. -* lO w lin.
S. . 17.15. si Bol. maf, 11
8889
domsta
W.
8890elta
upright
O or 1,'jn.. 176S. S s.l Bot. .3*
Scrophularie*.
Sp. 28.1759. 3 pi
1361.
Stemodia.
il au Pu
VV S.Braail
Amer.
891 STEMCXDIA.
parviflra . . email-flowered
cu
cu I1 jUu
1825. [J
[12
Scrophularine,c.
Sp. L 1771 IF **
, spl 1| au.o
1362.
TREVIRA'NA.
W.
Sc
Jamaica
scarlet
8893 coccnea
IT. en. B. M.
Cyapulchel'la
Sp. 38.1759. s.p Botn^ffi I
CoLUMNBA. jL C3 or 6 Scropknlnrinetz.
1363.
W. Indies
8891 COLUM'NEA.
sr.n,lens H. A". 1 climbing
Bro.jsm.tatl V4 au.s
aun Sc
Pa.pu Jamaica
1780. s
hairy
Jl.
or
8895
hirsuta
If
1823.
8896 trifoliata Link. three-leaved a. CI or 3 au n
Serophularine. Sp. 14.
T1S64. RUSSE'LIA. if. many-flowered
Russelia.
I 1 or 1 jn.au R & Amer. 1812. s.p Botma-1^
8897 multiHra . M.
Scrophutarine. Sp. 12.
1365. DODAR'TIA. W. oriental
Dodajou.
1 mi 1} jl.au Pu Levant 1752. Lirmill. ti
8898 orientaba W.
Sp. 13.1789. S s.1 LantU. tSS
1366.
Lindbrnia. O un 1 Scrophularlnece.
jn.au & Europe
889 LINDER'NIA.
Pyxidria W. R. Br.
European
Scrophularineit.
Sp.
37. D Lp ..
1367.
HERPESTIS.
.
.
89 Monnie'ria . Br. Thyme-leaved *= IJJLs

1812. DD LpLp
au LB
N.India
Ame , 1772.
8901
cuneiflia
Ph.
wedge-leaved
1
8902 strict* Schrad. upright
Jh 1 au
Serophularineee.
Sp. 59.
Lp LamBLt1*
U368.
CAPRA'RIA.
Capraria.
2 jLau
W &S. Amer.
17.52.
8903
biflra
W.. AL P.S. shrubby
Goatw.tLti. 1I 1) un
p.l
Amer.
1759.
W
un
8904
cuneta
wedge-leaved
CG.
H.
177t.
... w
8905
spear-lcaved
l_|
un mrjl
pl Botros-^
CG.
H.
1774.
W
8906 lanceolta
uiidulta W.W.
wave-leaved e.n_ rm
i i un
uu jl.au W E. Indies 1781. p.1
8907 humilia W.
dwarf
Sp. 1s*
1369.
BocamUL 3t cu 1J Serophutarinetc.
jn.au N. Amer.
173. D Lp
8908 BUCHNE'RA.
americana W. . P.American
Scrophularine*.
*>..
10-40.
1370.
MANU'LEA.
W.en.
HumiL
C. G. H. 1(94- I S KS"*
iQJpr
8909 rostida .
. stinking
a g. H.
8910villsa
iQlpr
plpl Bolrept
Buchnira capnl W.villous
Bot roas,
8911
pedunculta
Thuiib.
solitary-flower,
tt8912
viscosa
W.
en.
clammy
.
8913
rubra
Thanh.
red
8914 tomentosa Thunb. woolly
m.
i s &
8915
Cheirinthus
Thunb. silvery
Wall.flowcr
S s.p
8916
argntea
Tliunb.

8917
rliynchan'tha
s.p
8918 violcea
Link. Link, tail-flowered
Violet
,Sibthorp,
Use, Propagation,
Culture, of botany at Ox ,^
wh0 travelled
. 1358. SUthorpia. In honor of Humphry
M. D., professor
mto
Greece,
for the
puqsose
of collecting
materials
for a classical
Flora Gneca,
in *f" , idccntW'
James bi"
beyond
hu
ow
no[)a>
AftCT
n,
dealh
tnc
pubncatic,n
of
h,
materials
was
contirieu
mith. under whose care the work has reached to live hundred figures In folio, of the moss -
iisnr!"1
have
> mud.
published.
A little
trailing
_ and. i. WJ
m,Mv places.,ht *.
Um
i"*1
Frm?ctbyto Linn.us,
The
plant
grows
byBrowallius,
theplant
edge bishop
of puddles
,*'"
Named
in
honor
ofJohn
of
Aboa,
who
l5T Slee5b<,ck. I" book entitled Examen epicriseos, &c Aboa, 1739, octavo.*J ^
1301
ofton cul--'vated
as tenderand
annuals.
mMrl, m0 anthers,
laia. tSS1S, double.
of the Btamens
mffi".".
15
"." r'
N-ime.1rwaw,
anera stamen,
Dr. Trviranu.
a GermanEach
botanisL
This beautiful
plant, which u
.>"">
1363.In Co/a,.*
'"a
PU'cheua,
is
one
of
the
prettiest
of
the
old
inhabitants
of
the
stove
1 " "or of '1" Columna, or Fabio Colonna, of the noble farmK ol (. mf I'!'
kW
reputation in'ihoir
dSv
' his
inm 1592, and
Kcphrasu m -*.- ^',,3,!
for
a "
ins Pnytcoazanos
i-nytouazaiios
ann inhis
ms hothouses,
ascstiM"fmits(hoir
species,
i common
where 11 , <
Se and.One
the lx.uty
.|acandens,
>] b]ossoms
J Oimll.
4
8887
DIUYNAMIA ANGIOSPEUMIA.
reniform luhpoltate
e ipatulate, Scapes shorter than leaf
stem-clasping
1* 8893 Leaves tmate ovate hairy
IC*
8894 Leave*ovate
Leaves ovate acuminate
acute entireserrate
subvillous,
corolla* pubescent,
.*
8*S
hairy Sepals
above.entire
Spaleand
toothlettcd
and corollasUpper
hairy tip undivided
L *J 8898Leave
3siibsessile oblong acutely crenate pubescent, Cor. hairy, Galea dilated reflexed
87 Leaves ovate acuminatestalked, Raceme terminal whorled, Pedunclce cymoee
8898 Leaves linear smooth entire, Stem nearly naked
lli> 8899Leaves oblong ovate entire 3-nerved sessile, Pedunc axillary 1 flowered, Stem procumbent
IM Very
Leavessmooth.
oblong Leaves
entire, cunate
Pedunclesoblong
longerupwards
than leaf,
Stem declnate
89
obsoletely
crenate,
Pedunc,
nearlyaa long as leaf
8902Stemerect,
Leaves lanceolate
acute doubly
serrated
smooth,
Flowers
whorled
8s03
Leaves
ovate
alternate,
Flowers
twincut serrate. Flowers twin. Sepals linear
* Leaves
Hairy, opposite
Leavesserrated
alternate
rhomboid
cuneiform
WE
linear entire,
Racemes
terminal whorled, Racemes spiked
KW
Leaves opposite
ovate-oblong
entire
wavycompound
: upper subcordate
Pubescent, Leavesopposite and tmate ovate serrate stalked, Pedunc. axillary shorter than petiole
69(8 Leaves toothed lanceolate 3-nerved
ovate villous,
Jagged, Cal.
Flowers
terminal
10 Leaves
Leaves opposite
linear toothed
hairy,somewhat
Branchesumbelled
subfastigiate
1
s subfastigiate
MlUpper
leaves
opposite
sessile
tooth-sinuated,
F
Leaves npp. lin. lane, acute at each end toothlc wers solitary on long stalk,
Si
liT**k"0tootned
villous, Racemes
of flow . romote m tennina1' Sti""s ""tod
Sj
Leaves obovatc
crenate
S }*avet
obi. serrated
hairy,downy,
StemStem
nearlydecumbe
leafless
" ovalc t0thed silky beneath dotted witl tMowers alternate remote
'cr,
stalked
cor Flowers
with veryaxillary
long point
"tel *1 I" honor or A I

""""I*"""" Particular,.
]*^%> 17S "is brother Patrick,
; diededition
17S8 ; inauthor
ond
1794, ofandthea
"
* J!,
after franc , in,! r, '" objure
V1"1"- <>f.much
" a"dPyxMari.
'1 beauty.
' from
.
Swiss botanist.
il' called
1 axilTiLW.lîtai.î.
^ From i
ouage.
herbs, with
*'ith
oppositea
a beautiful
Mm3
DIDYNAMIA
S3*
1.171.
ANGELO'NIA.
Kunlli.
&)19salicalisfliaA:uriM. violet .
el
1.17.
8920 SCHIZAN'THUS.
pinntus R. P. R.P.
pinnatedScmiASTiiua.
.OJ el
por'rigens Hook. ex. fl. t. 86.
*J373. BESLE'HIA. W. Balm-leaved
Beslebi - 1 1 or
8921
8922 raelittif.ia
ltea W. ff.W. yellow-flowcrede.
saw-leaved g_ CD
oror
$3923
serrulita
S'8925cristta
i : i pukhUaW.H. K. striped-flowerMn.
crested
n. CD
for
137*
TEE'DIA.
P.
S.
8986
/*. & reg1. pubescent OJ o
8927 lcida
pubscena
tl37& BRUNSFEL'SIA. wave-flowered
_

89m americana
IT.
American
lati/lia
broad-leaved
angustifHa
narrow-leaved cu
8930 violcea JyOrfrf. violet
1S7&
CEI/SI
.
jr.
( .<!.
oror
8931 orientlis
W.
oriental

8932
Arctrua
W.
scallop-leaved
or
8933 coromanrielLana W. Coromaudel
rm
8934
piscse W. , clammy
8935
Q) ororor
89.- crtica
lanceoltaW. P. S. great-flowered
spear-leaved f<f EJ
8937 sublanta Jacq, woolly
^ or
1377.
ALONSCKA.
H. IL acute-leaved
Alonsoa. - 1 1 or
8938
acutif&Tia
P.
S.
8939 incisiflia H. K. Nettle-leaved tt- 1 | or
IIemittieris
W,
8940
linearis H.urticiflia
linear-leaved
-$ 1JS\(or"r
8941 caulialta
R..% P. wing-stemmed
1378.
ANTHOCER'CIS,
R.
Br.
Antiio,
is.
8!H2
littrea RR. Br,
Sr. viscid
yellow
*i lul_J
8943 viscosa
\ 1 oror
1379.
CYMBA'RIA.
Cymbabia.
89+4darica
IV. W. Daurian
ANGIOSPERMIA.
Cuss XIV.
3 ^^'. Bot.n*5
2 Scrophidarine.
f.n L.B ChiliSp. L 1822. S Hook.ex.fl.t73
ScTophularinac. Sp. 510.
, ,
3 jn au Y W. Indies 1T3L Lp Jacsmer.tlU
Screp*-r^ 4>
Bot reg.
4 jSjl l'a.Y W. Indies 1735. r.m BoLmafrSS
jl.au Ld W.Indies 1815. r.m Bot cat 7 1\
. Levant
7-. 1713. S Iamlllt SS
jl.au Br.Y Canda
S pi Botin*
jLs
SS p.1
E.
Indies 1780.
1783.
jl.au
181(1
il.au
S pip.l Botmaj.
Crete
1782.
cd. t
Levant 1816.
1818. SS pipi Vent.
Bot rea <S
Peru 179ft Ip
"32 my.o
my.o Sc
Sc Chili 1795. S s.p Botmag-417
Bot mai- M
23 my.o
mv.o SS Chili
Peru 1790
is;;;. 8-p
s.p Bot re. SB
8 !.. Fa.Y N. Holl 182. s.p Bot. mat1
Scrovhularinea?.
Sp. L 1796.
Amm.niltli*'
jn-jl Y Dauria
3
24
4
History,
Culture, colonists ofCaraccal, hauI
1-371- Angelonia. Angeln is the name
of theUse,
plantPropagation,
among the Spanish
0 ?utlful, stoycFrom
herbaceous
divisions of rt
. 1372. Scntianltus.
,vi, plant,
to ct,with
andlarge
,light-blue
a flower,flowers,
in allusion to the nacrous a
il purple and yellow flowen. Tender annual plants, with finely cut pale green lea,
beautiful
panicles1 of elega
elegant
flowers.
....
....^-.jnn.
of
1373. Beslcria.
After Basil
Beds,
an apothecarheoary
at Nuremberg
,,
Joint tor*H
sumptuous
work
entitled
Hortus
Evstettensis,
1S13.
The
garden
belonged
Bishop
anil,'tt?swcre
the plates
were engravedhy_Pcnoonfbut
hie expense.the"' meaning is 'unknown. Pretty
at his
' herbaceous l.na.
,2? ;*
plant, with
oHg"
Carthusian
monk, -*,5
in 153a He died in 1634. ...
Thea species
are handsome
JJg^JJ ftedf m
with a
til.
a [i ! The only ipeci

ik 890 The only species
II Peduncles branched, Leave. ovate
I Leave, ovle ru'crem douft. ^ 00"1 " ith "imtotol limb
than
at each
end, Tube
Tube ofof cor.
cor. .traigft,
curred 535.
Limb waw
petiole,
'Leave, and deeply 1(>lned ,,,,, pmple
W K^te")^^,!"? '"XT than brade.. Sepal, linear er,
a ^fadical leave, lyratc: upp
kl !? Mover woo]. Leave, oval
(S Leave,
fe ovale acote
"tely
toothlctted
serrated,
Stem winged at angle.
*U Flo.cn large yellow
8942
1 1 ||
"WarTinthe m0"0! of'?"" Cebiu., D.D., urnamed the northern Pliny, profesor of the
herc ai.Z.
Hicrobotanicon,
or Hiitory
of theCelsus,
Hantswhoof died
Scripture,
bMMlnaith.
y ! UE"L
wcdihH"botanist
called Magnus
Nicolau,
in 1679.appeared
Beidein
^melius Vi |1,1"<1 to classical scholars by the recollection of the famous Aurelios
^*lheCkeroof medafine?011 igliculture and medicine, and whose purity of style procured him the
r~1MK*j"NJ'."'"'J "" -" of the Flora Peruviana, after Zanoni Alonso, at the time of the
"""ith
Mio,,] h,nS
,' S*%S
cretary
for the kingdom
of Santa
anda, aHemimeris.
great patron of object, coo.
ntiMhoa,
" 3l"ilh
theF,
ame
manner l."Poteof
.k ?*,' 1 a flower,
and"".irier,
, a the
ray,genu,
the narrow
division,
of the corolla spreading in
bSZ
awheel
-
in allusion to the shape of the fruit. A email pubescent hoary plant
i mcky place,a boat,
in Siberia.
H mi
536."
TETRADYNAMIA.
Class XV. TETRADYNAMIA.
CLAss 2
STAMENs 6, of which four are longer than the r
This class consists, with the exception of Cleome, entirely of the natural order Cruciferae, and has lately!
the subject of the most acute and successful investigation of many botanists of celebrity. Our country,
Mr. Brown, led the way to the improvements which have been made in the genera, in the second edition ol
Hortus Kewensis, in which, discarding the uncertain and unnatural characters derived from variations in
floral envelopes, he took a new course, and by indicating with great precision the curious modifications of
seeds and seed-vessels, led the way to an entirely new arrangement of the class. The principles thus devel.
have been adopted by M. Decandolle, whose learned treatise upon Cruciferae is here followed with
variation.
The difference between the genera with a long pod (Siliquosar), and those with a short one (Siliculose),
given rise to two orders in the Linnean system. But these are not only ambiguous, but interfere so m
with a distribution of the genera according to their natural affinities, that they have been rejected here,
the divisions of M. Decandolle, depending upon variation in the relative position of the various parts of
seed, have been substituted.
The plants of this class have always been celebrated for their antiscorbutic qualities.
These seem to re
in an acrid, oily, volatile principle, not yet determined by chemists, and varying in the degree of abundanc
which it is found in different species. It is particularly abundant in the seeds of mustard and garden roc
in the roots of the horse radish, and in the foliage of the

latifolium, which, administered inwar
act powerfully upon the gastric organs, or, applied externally, inflame the skin and operate nearly as seve
as blisters. A slighter degree of acrimony is found in the foliage of the scurvy grass, the roots of the gar
radish, &c.; and these, therefore, operate more gently, and perhaps more safely, when eaten, scarcely at
when applied outwardly. Whatever the degree of acrimony may be in these plants, they all appear, w
eaten, to produce some specific action upon the digestive organs, and thence upon scorbutic humours;
which reason, the horse radish, water-cress, radishes, and even cabbages are eminently antiscorbutic. T
are also admitted by physicians as diuretic, sialagogue, and diaphoretic.
It is only when the acrid princip
diffused over a considerable quantity of fleshy and watery substance, that cruciferous plants become eatabl:
in the leaves and stems of cabbages and sea-kail, and in the roots of radishes and turnips. Even in ti
plants, the proportion of acrid principle is much diminished by exclusion from light. . Plants of this class
also remarkable for containing a larger quantity of azote than most vegetables; for which reason ammoni
generally evolved in their fermentation or putrefaction: to which circumstance it is possible that the
remarkable phoenomena are to be attributed, viz. ; that cruciferous plants contain a greater portion of nutri
matter than most herbaceous plants; and that
they require either a very rich soil manured with animal :
stances, or at least a situation near the habitations of men. The embryos of all these plants are filled ,
oil, and the seeds of Camelina sativa, Brassica campestris, some species of Rocket, &c. are cultivated in m
parts of Europe for the sake of their expressed oil, which is used either for culinary purposes or for lamps.
Cruciferous plants are chiefly natives of temperate climates, those which are found within the tropics b.
in all cases mountain plants, and are nearly all cultivable in the open air; they are mostly found in c
sandy plains; some on the tops of the highest mountains at the utmost limits of vegetation.
Nine hun.
species are now described, of which not more than twenty-two are to be found in the works of Hippocri
Dioscorides, or Pliny.
A. Cotyledons four, spirally twisted. Petals 4, cruciate.

1380. Schizopetalon. Petals pinnatifid.
B.
Cotyledons two.
Petals 4, cruciate.
1. Cotyledons flat, accumbent. Radicle lateral. Seeds compressed. (O=) PLEURoRhizEAE, Dec.
* Silique opening, with a linear dissepiment more or less wide than seeds. Seeds oval, compressed;
often margined. Cotyledons fiat, accumbent, parallel with the dissepiment. ARAbide E, Dec.
1381. Mathiola. Silique roundish. Stigmas connivent, thickened or cornute at back. Calyx bisaccat.
1382. Cheiranthus. Silique round or compressed. Stigmas 2-lobed or capitate. Calyx bisaccate at base.
# Nasturtium. Silique roundish, shortened or declinate. Stigma nearly 2-lobed. Calyx equal at b,
spreadin
1384.
for area.
Silique roundish, very slender. Stigmas sessile, 2-lobed.
Calyx spreading, equal.
1385. Notoceras. Silique 4-cornered, 2-edged, the valves elongated at end into a horn or mucro.
1386. Barbarea....Silique 4-cornered, 2-edged, the valves not elongated at end, Calyx equal at base.
1387. Braya, Silique oblong, subcylindrical, with flattish valves and a sessile stigma." Seeds few, ov.
Cal#" ual at base.
1
arrya. Silique linear with veiny valves. Seeds in two rows, with a loose wrinkled skin. Stigr
approximating Filaments not toothed.
389. Turritis. Silique linear with flat valves. Seeds in two rows in each cell.
1390. Arabis. Silique linear with flat valves, 1-nerved in the middle. Seeds in one row in each cell.
1391. Macropodium. Silique pedicellate, linear, with fiv valves, 1-nerved in middle.
1392. Cardamine. Silique linear with flat nerveless valves, often opening with elasticity. Funicles of
hilum slender.
1393. Pteroneuron. Silique lanceolate with flat nerveless valves, often opening with elasticity: placen
with winged nerves.
Funicles dilated.
1394, Dentaria. Silique lanceolate with flat nerveless valves, often opening with elasticity: placentas
winged.
Funicles dilated.
** Silicle opening lengthwise, with a broad oval membranous dissepiment, and flat or concave valves. Se
compressed, frequently margined. Cotyledons flat, accumbent, parallel with the dissepiment. Alyssini
Dec.
1395. Lunaria. Silicle pedicellate, elliptical or lanceolate with flat valves. Funicles long, adhering to
dissepiment. Calyx somewhat bisaccate. Petals nearly entire. Stamens not toothed.
1396 Ricotia. Silicle sessile, oblong, when ripe losing its dissepiment and becoming 1-celled: valves f
Calyx with two prominences at base. Petals emarginate. Stamens not toothed.
#.
Silicle sessile, oval or orbicular, with flat-valves. Seeds winged. Calyx bisaccate at ba
P
Farsetia.
ctals entire.
13:58. Berteroa. Silicle sessile, elliptical or obovate, with flat or concave valves. Calyx equal at base. Pet
2-parted. The small stamens toothed.
1399. Aubrietia. Silicle oblong with convex valves. Seeds not edged. Calyx bisaccate at base. Pet
entire. Smaller stamens toothed.
1400. Pesicaria. Silicle globose inflated with hemispherical valves. Seeds more than 8. Petals entire.
-
CLAss XV.
TETRADYNAMIA.
537
1401. Alyssum. Silicle orbicular or elliptical, with valves flat or convex in centre. Seeds 2-4 in each cell.
Calyx equal at base. Petals entire. Some the stamens toothed.
Silicle orbicular, 1-celled, 1-seeded, with flat valves. Calyx equal. Petals entire. Stamens
#.Chupeola.
to-ot
1403. Peltaria. Silicle orbicular, 1-celled, 1-4-seeded, with flat valves.

the dissepiment.
*:::
Seeds two in each cell: funicles
1404. Petrocallis. Silicle sessile, oval, with flattish valves. Seeds two in each cell: funicles adhering to the
dissepiment.
1405. Draha. Silicle sessile, oval or oblong, with, flat or convex valves. Seeds many, not edged. Calyx
equal.
Petals entire.
All the stamens without teeth.
1406. Erophila. Silicle oval or oblong, with flat valves. Seeds many, not edged. Calyx equal.
Petals
2-parted. Stamens without teeth.
1407. Cochlcaria. Silicle sessile, ovate-globose or oblong, with ventricose valves. Seeds many, not edged.
Petals entire.
Stamens without teeth.
*** Silicle opening, with a very narrow dissepiment, and keeled navicular valves.
Seeds oval, sometimes
margined. Cotyledons flat, accumbent, contrary to the dissepiment. Thlaspipei, Dec.

+ Cells of silicle 2-many-seeded.
Thlaspi. Silicle emarginate at end, with navicular valves, winged at back. Cells two, many
seed
1409. Capsella. Silicle triangular, cuneate at base, with navicular valves, not winged. Cells many-seeded.
1410. Hutchinsia.
Silicle elliptical, with navicular valves, not winged.
Cells 2-seeded, rarely many.
seeded.
1411. Teesdalia. Silicle oval, emarginate at end, with navicular valves and 2-seeded cells. Stamens having
a scale inside at their base.
++ Cells of silicle 1-seeded.

1412. Iberis. Two outer petals largest. Silicle compressed, truncate, emarginate.
1413 Biscutella. Silicle flat, biscutate, with the cells laterally united to the axis. Style long, persistent.
Embryo inverted.
**** Silicle not
opening, with concave indistinct valves, and sometimes with scarcely any trace of a dissepiment.
Seeds oval, very few. Cotyledons flat, accumbent, parallel with dissepiment. Euclinie E, Dec.
1414. Euclidium. Silicle drupaceous, ovate, with manifest sutures. Style subulate. Cells 1-seeded.
1415. Ochthodium. Silicle coriaceous, subglobose. Stigma sessile. Dissepiment thick. Cells 1-seeded.
***** Silicle opening lengthwise, with concave valves, bearing internally transverse horizontal dissepiments
separating the seeds. Seeds not margined. Cotyledons
t, acc
, parallel with the dissepiment.
ANAstatick E, Dec.
1416. Anastatica. Silicle ventricose, with valves bearing an appendage outside at the end.
****** Silique or silicle separating across into 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded joints.
Seeds not edged.
Cotyledons
flat, accumbent, parallel with the dissepiment when there is any. Cakili NEAE, Dec.
1417. Cakilc. Silicle 2-jointed, compressed: the upper joint ensiform.
erect; lower pendulous.
Seeds solitary in the cells: upper
1418. Rapistrum. Silicle 2-jointed: the upper joint ovate, rugose. Seeds solitary in the cells: upper erect,
lower pendulous.
1419. Chorispora. Silique roundish, with many equal joints. Seeds all pendulous.
2. Cotyledons flat, incumbent. Radicle dorsal. Seeds ovate, not margined. (OI) NotoRhizEE, Dec.
* Silicle 2-celled, opening lengthwise, with concave or keeled valves. Seeds ovate or oblong, not margined.
Cotyledons flat, incumbent, contrary to the dissepiment. Siswalbaie E, Dec.
1420. Malcomia. Silique roundish. Stigma simple much pointed.
1421. Hesperis. Silique roundish, or about 4-cornered. Stigmas 2, erect, conniving. Calyx bisaccate at
1422. Sisymbrium. Silique roundish, sessile upon the torus. Stigmas 2, somewhat distinct or connate in a
head. Calyx equal at base.
1423. A//itria. Silique roundish, 4-cornered, with prominent nerves. Calyx lax.
1424. Erisymum. Silique 4-cornered. Calyx closed.

** Silicle with concave valves, and with a dissepiment elliptical in its greatest diameter.
Seeds ovate.
Cotyledons flat, incumbent, contrary to dissepiment. CAMELINEAE, Dec.

1425. Camelina.
Silicle obovate or subglobose, with ventricose valves and many-seeded cells.
Style
filiform.
1426. Neslia.
Silicle subglobose, with concave valves, 1-celled, 1-seeded, indehiscent.
*** Silicle with a very narrow
dissipiment, and with keeled or very conver walves. Seeds solitary or few in
the cells, ovate, not margined.
Cotyledons flat, incumbent, parallel with the dissepiment.
Epidinex,
Dec.
1427. Coronopus. Silicle twin. Valves ventricose or subcarinate, scarcely dehiscent, 1-seeded.
1428. Lepidium. Silicle ovate or subcordate, with carinate or rarely ventricose valves, opening with
1-seeded cells.
1429. AEthionema. Silicle oval, generally emarginate, with navicular valves, and 1-2-seeded cells.
stamens either united or toothed.
Larger
**** Silicle with indistinct or indchiscent keeled valves, 1-celled, 1-seeded, with an obliterated dissepiment.
Seeds ovate, oblong. Cotyledons flat, incumbent, apparently in the same direction as the dissepiment should be.
Isatios4, Dcc.
1430. Isatis. Silicle elliptical, flat, 1-celled, 1-seeded, with carinate navicular valves, which are scarcely
dehiscent.
1431. Myagrum
Silicle-compressed, almost cuneate, with two empty hollows at end, and at base 1-celled,
1-seeded.
#": their middle, and enwrapping the

radicula. Style generally cnlarged, with a cell and seed at its base. Seeds generally globose, never margined.
(O->) ORTHoplock E, Dec.
3. Cotyledons incumbent, folded together, or plaited lengthwise
* silique with valves opening lengthwise, and a linear dissepiment. Cotyledons folded together.
BRAssice e, Dec.
1432. Brassica. Silique roundish. Style small, short, obtuse. Seeds in one row. Calyx closed.
1433. Sinapis. Silique roundish, with nerved valves. Style small, short, acute. Seeds in one row. Calyx
reading.
": Koreanaia Silique 4-cornered, sowewhat 2-edged. Seeds in two rows., Calyx bisaccate at base.
1435. Diplotaris. Silique compressed, linear. Seeds in two rows. Calyx equal at base.
1436. Eruca, silique roundish. Style large, ensiform or conical. Seeds in one *w. Calyx equal at base.
538
TETRADYNAM1 ra.
CLAss XV.
** Silicle with concave valves, opening lengthwise, with an elliptical dissepiment. Cotyledons folded
together. ValleAR, Dec.
1437. Vella. Larger stamens connate. Style ovate, flat, at the end of a tongue-shaped silicle.
1438. Carrichtera. Stamens all free. Style ovate, flat, foliaceous.
1439. Succowia. Stamens all free. Style slender, conical Valves of the silicle echinate.
*** Silicle indehiscent, ovate or globose, 1-celled, 1-seeded, with indistinct valves. Seeds globose. Cotyledons
Jolded together. ZILLEAE, Dec.
1440. Zilla. Silicle 2-celled. Cells 1-seeded.
1441. Calepina. Silicle 1-celled, 1-seed. Seed pendulous. Outer petals rather the largest.
**** Silicle or silique dividing across into one or few-seeded joints or cells. Seeds globose. Cotyledons folded
together. RAPHANEE, Dec.
1442. Crambe. Silicle with two joints, of which the lower is abortive, the upper globose 1-seeded.
8945 Walkeri Sinns.
Walker's
Ol cu
2 my.jl
1822. S p.1 Bot mag. 2379
1381, MATHI''OLA. R.Br. Srock.

Cruciferae. Sp. 11-26.
8946 incna R.Br.
Pu. Gilly Flow. "...-J or 2 my.n Pu
cliffs. C
multiplex
double
A coccinea
Drompton
alba
white-branching
8947 nnua Sweet.
ten weeks
O or 2 my.n St
S. Europe 1731. S
8948 glbra Dec.
smooth
rt.-J or 2 my.n W
... C
8949 gra'ca Sweet.
Wall-fl.-leav'd
O. or 2 my.n W.
S. Europe .... S
89.50 fenestrlis R.Br.
window
y: Ol or 1 jl.au
Pu
...... 1759. S
89.51 sinuta R.Br.
reater sea
y: CD or 1 my:au V
England seash. S.
8952 odoratssima R. Br. Persian
rt. LJ or 2 jn.jl
Ld
Persia
1797. C.
S.frgrans Fisch.
short-podded in u_j or 2 jn.jl
Ld Crimea 1823. C.
8953 vria Dec.
variable
y:
or
* jn.jl
Ld
Levant 1820. C.
8954 tristis R.Br.
dark-flowered ri. L. or
my.jl Ld
S. Europe 1768. S.
89.55 tricuspidta R.Br. three-forked
O pr
jl
Pu
Barbary 1739. S.
8956 parviflra R.Br. small-flowered
O prijl.au Pu
Morocco 1799. S
1382. CHEIRANTHUS. L. WAll-Flower.
Cruciferae.
7-17.
8957 cheiri L.
garden
*... u_J or 2 apjl
Or
Europe 1573. S.
B.fruticulsus L.
wild
*-u_j or 1* apjl Y
Britain old wa, S
8958 ochroleucus Hall, pale yellow
x: A or
ap.jl
Pa.Y Switzerl. 1820. D
8959 tenuifolius Lher
fine-leaved
* LJ or
my.jn Y
Madeira 1777. C
8960 mutabilis Lher.
changeable
*... u_j or 3 mr.my Y. Pu Madeira 1777. C
A longifolius Vent.
long-leaved
tl. U J or 3 s.d
W.pu Madeira 1815. C
8961 scoprius W.
roc
* L or 3 my...o W.pu Teneriffe 1812. C.
6 chamaeleo Ker.
Chamaeleon
in u_j or 3 myo Y.Pu Teneriffe 1812. C
8962 semperflrens Schon.cver-blowing tr. L. or 2 jad
W
Barba
1815. C.
frutescens Pers.
entire-leaved to u_J or 2 mr.jl W
Teneriffe 1815. C
8963 liniflius Pers.
Flax-leaved
ri. Li or 2 mr.au Pu
Spain
1815. C.
#"
#hili
#
1380. SCHIZOPETALON. Sims. SchizoperaLoN. . Crucifere.
'
|
-
1.p
l.p
1.p
1.p
l.p
r.m.
r.m
r.m
s.l.
s.1
s.l
Dalec.lug.802 t!
Mo.ox.s.3.t.8.f3
Jac.vind 2. t. 179
Eng. bot. 462
Bot mag. 1711
Fl. graec. t. 636
Bot mag. 729
Lam.illt,564.fe
1-p Eng bot. 1935
1383. NASTURTIUM. R. Br. NASTURTIUM.

8964 officinle R. Br.
Water Cress as a
8965 sylvstre R. Br.
creeping
* A
8966 terrstre R.Br.
marsh
*: O
8967 sagitttum R. Br. arrow-leaved if A
8968 Lippiznse Dec.
Lippa
r: A
r.m Bull. herb. t.349 .

co
Eng. bot. 1934
co
l.p
lip
co
r.m.
rim
Hal.hel.449. t.14
Bot mag. 195
Vent-malm. t.83
Bot. reg. t. 219
s.l
co
s.l
#"; *: 10-24.
cul
w
w
un
un
1 my-ji
1 jn.s
1.jn.s
*my.jn
+ my.jn
W
ritain rivul.
Britain wat.pl.
Y
Britain wat.pl.
Pa.Y Siberia
1780.
Y
Carinthia ...
D
D
S
D
D
co Eng. bot. 855

co Eng. bot. 2324
co Eng. bot. 1747
co Jac. ic. l. t. 122
co Dale. lug.653.f3
*
-
History,
, Propagation, Culture,
1380. Schizopetalon.
curiousAgenus
with pinnatifid
petals,
whence
name
has been
formed,
from ext{a, to A
divide.
plantofofChilian
difficultplants,
cultivation.
It is raised
from
seeds, the
which
it produces
sparingly, and only in a well-aired cool greenhouse,
1381. Mathioia. Named after Peter Andrew Matthioli, an Italian physician, born in 1500, died in 1577.
He was first physician to Ferdinand of , and author of a laborious commentary upon Dioscorides.
Herbs, or rarely shrubs, nearly all covered with a white stellate soft down, M. incana, annua, graca, and
fenestralis are popular border flowers, especially the first; the leaves of all the species, and also of Cheiran
thus, and many other plants of this class, may be used as potherbs or salads:
-
1582. Cleiranthus. So called from the Arabic kheyry, the name of a plant with red sweet-scented flowers.
Herbs, or occasionally shrubs, with entire or toothed ieaves, and flowers of various colors. C. Cheiri is a
CLAss XV.
TETRADYNAMIA.
539
1443. Raphanus. Silique transversely many-celled or dividing into several joints.

4. Cotyledons incumbent, linear, spirally or rather circinately twisted. (OIIID SPIRolone e, Dec.
1444. Bunias. Silicle nucamentaceous, indehiscent, 2-4-celled. Cotyledons twisted spirally.
1445, Erucaria. Silique lomentaceous, 2-jointed; the lower joint having two cells, the upper being ensiform.
Cotyledons replicate, somewhat spiral.
5. Cotyledons incumbent, linear, with two legs, or a double plait, that is to say, plaited twice crosswise. Seeds
depressed. (Oll||l) DiPLEcoloBEAE, Dec.
1446. Heliophila.
Silique elongate or rarely oblong or oval. Dissepiment linear or oval. Valves flat, or in
the long siliques somewhat convex. Calyx equal at base.
1447. Subularia. Silicle oval. Dissepiment elliptical. Valves convex. Cells many-seeded. Stigma sessile.
C. Cotyledons 2 Petals 4, not cruciate. Thalamus large, hemispherical or elongated Stamens 4-6-00.
1448. Cleome. A honey gland at each division of the calyx, except the lowest. Calyx 4-leaved. Petals
ascending.
B945 Stem weak coesious, Petals pinnatifid quickly perishable
8946 Stem shrubby at base erect branched, Leaves lanceolate entire hoary, Pods subcylind without glands
8947 Stem herbaceous erect branched, Leaves lanceolate blunt hoary, Pods subcylindrical without glands
8948 Stem half shrubby erect branched, Leaves lanceolate smooth, Pods somewhat compressed without glands
8949 Stem herbaceous erect branched, Leaves lanceolate smooth, Pods somewhat compressed without glands
$950 Stem a shrubby erect simple, Leaves close obovate downy, Pods downy without glands broadest at base
89.51 Stem somewhat erect herbaceous branch. Lvs. obl, downy; lower sinuated, Pods comp. velvety and gland.
8952 Stem erect branched, Leaves downy or pubescent toothed or pinnatifid, Pods compressed downy
a Pods twice as short as a
8953 Stem erect nearly simple naked, Leaves linear blunt hoary entire, Flowers subsessile, Pods compressed
3954 Stem; shrubby at base branched erect, Leaves downy linear entire or toothed, Fl. subsess. Pods roundish
s955 Stem suberect branched, Leaves sinuate pinnatifid, Pods with three acute nearly equal points
8956 Stem suberect branched, Leaves downy lanceolate repand toothed, Fl. sessile, Middle point of pod longest
8957 Leaves lanc. entire, Hairs 2-parted appressed or none, Pods linear, Stigmas with recurved lobes
8958 Lvs. obl.lanc. somew. toothed, Hairs 2-parted or none, Stem decum. branch. Pet obov. Podserect pointed
3959 Leaves linear entire somewhat silky, Stem half shrubby
s60 Leaves linear-lanceolate acuminate finely serrated downy with 2-parted hairs, Stem shrubby branched
89.51 Leaves linear-lanceolate acuminate entire downy with appressed 2-parted hairs, Stem shrubby branched
8962 Leaves lin. lanc. entire roughish, Stem shrubby branched, Pods compressed, Pedic half as short as calyx
8963 Leaves linear entire rough clustered, Stem shrubby branched, Pods roundish 3 times as long as calyx
8964 Leaves pinnatifid, Segments ovate subcordate repand
8965 Leaves pinnatifid, Segments lanceolate serrate or cut
8966 Leaves pinnated-lobed, lobes confluent toothed smooth, Root fusiform, Petals as long as calyx
8967 Downy, Rad. Ivs. toothed backwards, cauline sagittate oblong blunt, Stems erect branched from the base
8968 Radical leaves stalked obovate toothed or lyrate: upper pinnatifid, Lobes linear entire
8966
-
popular flower of long standing, admired for its various colors and agreeable odor. Being an acrid and hardy
evergreen, it is sometimes sown in pastures, along with parsley, thyme, &c. as a preventative of the rot in
sheep.
#. Nasturtium, is said to have been so called from the effect its acrimony produces upon the muscles of
the nose; nasus tortus signifying a convulsed nose. Pliny. N. officinale is a well known popular salad,
gathered wild in most parts where it is found, and since 1808, cultivated to a considerable extent in the neigh.
bourhood of London. A running stream of clear water, is essential to its cultivation; in the bed of this
stream the plants are inserted in rows in the direction of the current, and all that is necessary is to take up
and replant occasionally, and to keep up the plants free of mud or any accumulation of extraneous matters,
and to see that other plants, especially the Sium nodiflorum, a poisonous plant resembling the water-cress, do
540
TETRADYNAMI.A.
8969 pyrenicum R. Br.

8970 amphibium R. Br.
8971 benghalnse Dec.
897.2 microsprmum Dec.
Pyrenean
amphibious
Bengal
Chinese
CLAss XV.
x: A un
*my.jn Y
# a w 1} jn.au Y
O un
jn.au Y
O un #jn.au W
8973 indicum Dec.
doubtful
O un * jn.au Ap
1384. LEPTOCARPAEA. Dec. LeptocarpeA.
Cruciferae.
8974 Loeslii Dec.
Loesel's
O w 1 au
Y
#Jermany
1.
1683.
Turritis Loesilii R. Br.

1385. NOTOCERA.S. R. Br.
Sr. 2-4.
Cruciferae.
* au.s
Y
au.s
Y
1386. BARBARE''A. R. Br. WiNter Caess.
Cruciferae
89.77 vulgris R. Br.
Connnnon
y: A cul 1* my...au Y
878 pra'cox R. Br.
Belleisle Cress
A cul 1 apo
Y
8979 ibrica Dec.
Barbarea-lvd. f. A un 1 my...au Y
8980 plantaginea. Dec.
Wintercress-lv.g. A un
* jls
Y
Sisymb. barbaree L.
1387. BRAY.A. Stern.
BRAVA.
Cruciferae.
8981 alpina Stern.
alpine
O cu
jn
Pu
1388. PAR/RYA. R.Br.
PARRYA.
Cruciferae.
8982 Arctica R. Br.
northern
.C. cu
" ... Pu
1389. TURRITIS. R. Br. Tower Mustaird.
Crucifera.
8983 glbra L.
long-podded
O w 1} myjn W
f1390. ARABIS. L.
WAll CREss.
Cruciferae.
8984 vrna R.Br.
vernal
O w 1 my.jn Pu
8985 alpina L.
Alpine
y: A pr. 3 mrmy W.Y
8986 albida Sted.
early-flowering 2 Apr # ja.o
W
8975 canarinse R. Br.
8976 hispnicum Dec.
Notoceras.
Canary
Spanish
1Olun
uCu un
Pyrenees 1775. I co
Britain riv.ba. D co
E. Indies
...
China
China
Act. helv.4, t:15

Eng bot. 1840
S co
1820. S co
...
S co
S co
Jac. aust.4. t.324
Canaries 1779. S co Jacq. ecl. t. 111

Spain
1821. S co
Sp. 4-6.
#:
rub, D co Eng bot. 443
England brooks. D co Eng. bot. 1129

Iberia
1816. C l-p
Levant
1799.
D co
Sp. 1.
Carinthia 1823. S p.1 Hook.f.ex.t.121
#Melvillel.
1.
1820.
S p.l
Parry's append.
Sp. 1-3.
#"
gr.pa. S co Eng. bot 777
32-65.
rance
1710. S. s.l
Barr ic.476
Switzerl. 1596. D plBot mag. 226

Caucasus 1798. D. s.l Jacq.ecl. t. 71
A. caucsica W.
8987 toxophylla Bieb.
bow-leaved
8988 auriculta Lam.

8989 saxtilis All.
auricled
stone
cris
8990 crispta W.
8991 sagittta Dec.
8992 hirstita Scop.
sagittate
hairy
upright
8993 Allinii Dec.

Turritis stricta W.
8994 murlis Bert.
wall
8995 stricta Huds.
Bristol
8996 cilita R.Br.
ciliated
8997 incna Roth.
hispid-stalked
8998 Thalina L.
common
8999 serpylliflia Will

9000 pu
ns Desf.
9001 praecox W. & K.
9002 hispida L.
9003 lyrta L.
9004 arensa Scop.
y: CD pr1 jl.au
O un
f my
y: O) un
my
y: A pr
my
y: Odun I my.jl
y: A w
1 my.jl
y: A w 2 my.jn
y:
y:
y:
a
A
A
Q)
CD
O
un
a myjn
pr
my
pr. * jn.jl
un
my.jn
w
ap.my
Vol
W.
S. Euro
Switzerl.
...
...
Carniola
1816.
W.
W.
W
S. France ... S co
Britain rocks. D s.1
Italy
1804. D co
W
Cr
W
W.
W.
thyme-leaved Q) un
jn.jl W.
pubescent
y: O un 14 ap.my W.
early
Y: A un #jn.jl W
short-podded to A w a myji Pu
lyrate
O un Timy.jl W.
purple
O pr! jn.jl
Pk
Italy
England
Ireland
Switzerl.
Britain
S. France
Barbary
1823.
co
S co W. & Kit.1. t.59

S. co Vill, daup.3. t.37
D co
1824.
D co
rocks.
irsh.
1816.
walls.
1823.
1825.
D.
S.
S
S
S
S
s.l
s.l
s.l
s.l
co
co
Eng. bot. 587
Eng bot. 614

Eng. bot. 1746
Eng. bot. 901
Vil.dauph.3.t.37
Desf atl. t. 163
Hungary 1820. D co
Britain al.roc. D. s.l
N. Amer. ... S co
Germany 1798. S s.l
Eng bot. 469

Scop. carn. t. 40

not find their way into the plantation. Near Rickmansworth, in Hertfordshire, there is a fine stream of
water on a chalky bottom, in which one cultivator grows five acres, and sends a supply to London every
in the year, Sundays excepted. There are also large plantations at Uxbridge, Gravesend, and other
places.
Some market-gardeners, who can command a small stream of water, grow the water-cress in beds sunk
about a foot in a retentive soil, with a very gentle slope from one end to the other. Along the bottom of this
bed, which may be of any convenient length and breadth, chalk or gravel is d
ited, and the plants are
inserted about six inches distance every way. Then, according to the slope and length of the bed, dams are
made six inches high across it, at intervals; so that when these dams are full, the water may rise not less
than three inches on all the plants included in each. The water, being turned on, will circulate from dam to
dam; and the plants, if not allowed to run to flower, will afford abundance of young tops in all but the winter
months. A stream of water no larger than what will fill a pipe of an inch bore, will, if not absorbed by the
soil, suffice to irrigate in this way an eighth of an acre. As some of the plants, are apt to rot off in winter
the plantation should be laid
two or three times a year, and all weeds and decayed parts removed, and
vacancies filled up. Cress grown in this way, however, is far inferior to that grown in a living stream flowing
over gravel or chalk.
The water-cress has lately been cultivated in the neighbourhood of Paris, and also near Edinburgh.
A 8.
genus distinguished
from Sisymbrium
gu
isymbnum by
Leptocarpaea.
and x*grow,
or, fruit.
its1384,
accumbent
cotyledons.From a*rros, slender,, and
--
-- -
CLAss XV.
=-"
:r
TETRADYNAMIA.
541
B969 Radical leaves stalked obovate or lyrate, Cauline amplexicaul pinnatifid, Lobes linear entire
$970 Leaves obl lanc. pinnatifid or serrated, Root fibrous, Petals larger than calyx, Silicules ellipsoid
8971 Leaves obovate cuneate toothed at end, Pods roundish subturgid, Bractes a little shorter than pods
8.972 Lvs. smooth: radistalked pinnatif.; caut stem-clasping cutserr. Pods roundish, Pedic. bracteate very short
8973 Lvs. ovate lanc. toothed backwards acuminate at each end smooth, Pods roundish 4 times as long as stalk
S974 The only species. Leaves stalked pinnatifid sublyrate with cut toothed acuminate lobes
S975 Pods 2-horned, Petals equal, Leaves entire, Hairs strigose fixed by their middle 2-parted appr. scattered
8976 Pods 2-horned, Petals unequal, Leavesent. Hairs strigose fixed by their middle 2-parted very numerous
S977 Lower leaves lyrate: terminal lobe roundish; upper obovate toothed
8978 Lower leaves lyrate: terminal lobe ovate; upper pinnatifid with linear oblong entire lobes
8979 Radical and lower leaves pinnatifid-lyrate: lateral lobes ovate; terminal cordate entire
8980 Lower leaves toothed lyrate: lateral lobes dentiform; terminal very large subcordate, upper ovate
8981 Leaves linear narrowed at base smooth acute
8982 Pods lin.-oblong, Anthers oval, Leaves entire, Peduncles smooth
8983 Rad leaves toothed hairy: cauline stem-clasping entire smooth, Pods erect 6 times as long as stalk
$984 Cauline Ivs. cord stem-clasping rough with 3-parted down, Pedicels shorter than cal. Stigma somew.emarg.
8985 Leaves many-toothed villous with branched hair lanc. acute: rad. somew, stalked; caul, cord stem-clasp.
8986 Leaves few-toothed hoary with branched hairs: rad. obov. oblong; cauline cordate sagitt, stem-clasping
8987
8988
8989
$990
8991
B992
993
Lvs. pubesc. with minute stellate down: rad. obl. stalked sinuate toothed; cauline sagittate lanceol. entire
Lvs. somew. toothed rough with branch. hair: lower oval narr. into a stalk; caulinebluntly cord.-auricled
Lvs. somew, toothed rough with branch. hair: lower oval narr. into a stalk; cauline acutely cord.-auricled
Lvs. acutely toothed lanc. stem-clasping wavy rough with branching hairs: rad. narrowed into the stalk
Lvs. somew. toothed rough: rad. ovate or obl. narrowed into the stalk; cauline lanceol. sagittate cordate
Lvs. toothed rough with generally branched hairs: radical obov. obl. narr. into the stalk; caul. ovate lanc.
Lvs. smooth: radical ovate-oblong somewhat toothed narrowed at base; cauline sessile ovate serrated
3994 Leaves hairy with branched pubescence: radical spatulate bluntly toothed; cauline ovate acutely toothed
$995 Leaves rough with scattered bifid down: radical obov toothed; cauline obl. nearly entire, Raceme erect
8996 Leaves somewhat toothed smooth ciliated: radical subsessile oval oblong; cauline oblong, Raceme erect
8997 All the lvs. sessile somew. toothed hoary with branched hairs: radical
v. obl.; cauline obl. Rac. erect
8998 Leaves hairy somewhat toothed: radical stalked ovate oblong, Stem branched, iods ascending
8999 Leaves nearly entire rough with branched hairs: radical and caul. oval narrowed at base, Raceme lax
9000
2001
9002
9003
9004
Lvs. pubesc. coarsely toothed: rad. spatulate lanc. narrowed into the stalk; caul. lanc. Pods pubescent
Leaves oblong acute sessile entire smooth, Stems strigose, Runners creeping, Pods spreading
Leaves nearly smooth: radical cut; cauline oblong linear entire, Stem generally branched
Rad. leaves lyrate pinnatifid smooth or ciliated: cauline linear, Stem hispid at base somewhat branched
Lvs. vill. with forked down: rad. lyrate pinnat.; caul. cut toothed, Stem branched hisp, with simple hairs
8988
1385. Notoceras. From aros, the back, and *tar, a horn. The structure of the pod of this genus is inter
mediate between Erysimum and Capsella. The species are small annuals, with very minute flowers, which are
sometimes apetalous.
1386. Barbarea. A name used by Dodoens, because the plant had been called the herb of St. Barbara by
some preceding botanists. B. vulgaris is sometimes cultivated as a spring salad, but is much less delicate than
the common cress, and has nothing in flavor to recommend it. B. praecox, the American or Bellersie cress of
gardeners, is preferred to the other, and cultivated in a number of gardens.
1387. Braya. A curious little plant, with the habit of Arabis caerulea. Leaves are linear, racemes terminal,
flowers purple. The genus is not completely known; but it appears to be intermediate between Siliquosae and
Siliculosae; related to Draba on one hand, and Arabis on the other. It is a native of the Carinthian alps,
where it was found by Dr. Hoppe, who named it after Count Bray, a German nobleman.
1388. Parrya. Named by Mr. R. Brown, after Captain Edward Parry, the commander of the British expe
ditions to discover the north-west passage round America. It was found upon Melville island, and once was
raised from seeds brought home by some of the officers, but it never flowered, and is now lost.
1389. Turritis. From turris, a tower; the leaves and seeds giving the stem a pyramidal form. This genus
is principally distinguished from Arabis by its seeds being in two rows, and by its habit.
1390. Arabis. Native of Arabia, according to De Theis; but this is a forced explanation, and scarcely the
true
: of the word.
flat v.lves,
Distinguished from all the neighbouring genera by its linear compressed siliques, and
542
9005 Hallri L.
Haller's
9006 cebennnsis Dec.

9009 laevigta Dec.
Montpellier
of Odun
tower Mustard 2 Cow
pendulous
O un
polished
x: A un
9010 canadnsis L.
9011 ntitans W.
nodding
9007 Turrita L.
9008 pndula L.
9014 collina Ten.

901.5 lcida L.
x CD un 1 in.il
sickle podded :
Y:
Daisy-leaved y:#
blue
hill
Y:
90:2
bellidifolia.Jacq.
9013 caerlea Wulf.
Class XV.
TETRADYNAMIA.
A
A
A
A
A
'14 jn.jl
ap my
myji
Switzerl. ...
Pa-pu S. France 1820. S co
Sul
England walls. S s! Eng bot; 178
Siberia
13 myjn W.
un 2 myji
pr;3 mrap
pri
myjn
pr. ; jn.jl
un * injl
shining-leaved A prTijn.jl
S co Walkit. t. 120
w
W
W.Y.
Pa.B
W.
W.
1759. S. s.l. Jac. vind. 3. t.34
N. Amer. 1821. D co
N. Amer. 1768.
Switzerl. 1638.
Switzerl.
1773
Switzerl. 1793.
Naples 18:4:
Psi
D. co
D. p.1
ID co
D co
Plu.alm tissfs
Jac. aust:3 tes:
Jac.
aust:
Alped
lit.:
Bot mag. 3021
Hungary 1790. D p.1
1391. MACROPODIUM. R.Br.

9016 nivle R. Br.
1392. CARDAMINE. L.
MacRoropluM.
Cruciferae. Sp. 1.
* A pr1 jn.s
Siberian
LAny's SMock.
Kidney-leaved c. A pr. 3 jn.jl

90.18 bellidifolia Crantz. Daisy-leaved 2: A pri apjn
resedifolia L.
Rocket-leaved
O un
*.jl
africana L.
African
w: LA un 1 myjn
trifolia L.
three-leaved Apr 1 mrap
W
w
W
W.
W
9023 granulsa All.
granular
y: A un
y: A un
9024 amra L.
bitter
# A pr: apmy W.
chilensis Dec.
Chili
9025 prrepens Fisch.

9026 pratensis L.
Splena
7 pennsylvnica L.
9028 hirs(ita L.
9 parviflra L.
creeping
y: A un
Cuckoo-flower = A pr
small-flowered
O un
O un
as CD or
impatient
broad-leaved
90.32 chelidnia L.
Celandine-lvd. Y. A or
1394. DENTA'RIA. L.
DENTania.
9034 enneaphylla L.
nine-leaved
90.35 diphylla Mich.
two-leaved
90.36 maxima Nutt.
large
2037 triflia W. & K.
three-leaved
9038 pentaphylla Scop. five-leaved
90.39 pinnta Lam.
seven-leaved
9040 bulbifera L.
bulbiferous
9041 rediviva L.
9042
'i".
mrap W
ap.my W
ap.my W
ap.my Pu
Italy
Scotland
Germany
C. G. H.
Switzerl.
scal.
1658.
1621.
1629.
D.
S.
D
D.
Chile
Italy
1825.
1820.
ID co
D co
1710. D. p.1 Bot. mag. T35
s.1
co
co
p.1
Eng bot: 2355

Alped.l. t.37.f3
Her parad.*
Bot mag. 4.52
Britain wat.pl. D plEng bot 100

Siberia
Britain
1821. D co
me pa. D m.s Eng bot. 776
-
90.30 imptiens L.
90.31 latiflia Wahl.
1395. LUNARIA. L.
1796. D co Pall, it 2.ap tu
double-flowered as a pr1 ap.my LP ... .....

...
1) co
Pennsylvanian A un 1 myjn W. N. Amer. 1818. D co
hairy
Q un 1 Jad
W. Britain mosp S mis Eng bot 492
1393. PTERONEU/RON. Dec. PreRoNEURON.

90.33 graecum Dec.
Grecian
O un
Cardamine graeca L.
Siberia
Cruciferae. Sp. 1655.
9017 asariflia L.
9019
90.0
9021
9022
1 ap.my W
1 apjn W.
1* jn.au Pu
1 jn.au
Pu
Crucifera.
jn.jl
Pa
France
Britain
Spain
Italy
...
S. co
al. roc. S co
1710. S. co
1739. D co
Sp. 1-2.
Gmel. sib. t. G4
Eng bot. 80
Her parad. 203
Pirar.hu.2.t.140
-
S. Europe 1710. S co Boc. sic. t.44 [2
: A el
1, myji, Pa.Y Austria
* A el
* A el
a my.jn W.pu N. Amer.

D. s.p Bot mag. t. 1465
2 my.jn Papu N. Amer. 1823. D sp
3: A. el
* A el
: a el
1 myjn W. Hungary 1824. D sp Wal&Kit. t. 130

13 myjn Papu Switzerl. 1656. D s-p Garid. prov.t.*
1 myjn Papu Switzerl. 1683. Dsp. Garid prov. t 28
1656. D sp Jac. aust 4 tils

-
* A el
1* ap.my Pu
y: A or
y: O or
3 myjn LP
4 myjn L.P.
England sha.pl. D sip Eng.: bot. 309
Crucifera...Sp. 2.
HoNESTY.
perennial
annual
Germany 1596. D co
Germany 1570. S. co
Lamill.t,561.f.1
Lam.ill.t.56l.[2
* /t/11/w/ L.
1306. RICOTIA. L.
Ricotia.
9043 aegyptiaca L.
Egyptian
1397. FARSETIA. Turr. Fanskria.
9044 cheiranthoidesh.Bristock
*55uffruticosa per
half-shrubby
O cu
*-L-1 cu
Cruciferae. Sp. 1.
1.jn.jl
LP Egypt
Cruciferae. Sp. 47.
1 jn.jl
W.pu Levant
& A. or 1 ap
9016 lunarioides R.Br. oriental

*-u- or
9047 clypeata R. Br.
buckler-podded O or
1757. S. sp. Bot reg. 49

1788. C co. Dest atl.2, t. 160
Persia
1 in-ji
14.jnji
Archipel. 1731. D co
S. Europe 1590. S. co
1823.
C. co
Vent, cels t 19
Tour it.1 p.242

Dal, lug. 1141 ft
1391. Macropodium. So named because the pod is elevated above the receptacle upon a stalk; taxes,lon
and rer, a foot or stalk. A genus differing from Arabis chiefly in its stalked pod, and its calyx being a little
e
at the base. A little, smooth, erect, simple herb, with ovate, lanceolate, acuminateleaves, and white
owers.
* Cardamine.
From ****, the heart, and 3awaa, to strengthen, in allusion to its supposed stomachic
qualities. The leaves of C.
'' were formerly used in salads.
C. impatiens is so named from the sudden
bursting of the seed pods, being ripe and pressed between the fingers. C. pratensis frequently has double
flowers. C. hirsuta and, it is said, other species, produce young plants from the leaves. All that is necessary
is to lay the leaf on a moist grassy surface, or on moss kept moist. The plant propagates itself extensively in
this way in moist soils.
* itPteroneuron.
From
a wing,
vive, a nerve,- in allusion to the winged nerves of the pods,
which
is distinguished
from*ee.
#:
andand
#:
|
hy
Class XV.
TETRADYNAMIA.
54s
9005 Lower Ivs. stalked lyrate: terminal lobe ovate; upper lanceolate cut, Stem branched weak softly villous
9006 Leaves all stalked ovate acumin. coarsely toothed velvety with very fine down, Pedic and pods spreading
9007 Lvs. stem-clasping acum. somewhat pubescent, Pedicels length of calyx, Pods 1-sided decurved
9008 Leaves stem-clasping toothed oblong dilated and cordate at base, Stem furrowed hispid, Pods pendulous
9009 Cauline leaves linear sessile smooth : lower somewhat toothed; radical obovate, Pods erect
9010 Cauline leaves sessile oblong lanceolate acuminate somewhat toothed, Pods pendulous falcate
[stalk
9011 Lvs. roughish nearly ent.: rad. obov.; caul. ov. or obl. Rac. nodding, Pods erect 3 times as long as their
9012 Lvs. smooth nearly entire: rad. obovate; cauline ovate, Raceme erect, Pods 4 times as long as their stalk
9013 Leaves smooth nearly entire: rad. oblong obovate; cauline few oblong, Raceme nodding, Pods. erect
9014 Lvs. hoary with stellated down obl. sinuate toothed: rad. stalked; caul. sess. Pods 8 times as long as their
9015 Leaves stem-clasping shining
[stalk
9016 Leaves ovate lanceolate acuminate subserrate, Racemeterminal long
901.7
9018
9019
9020
9021
9022
9023
9024
9025
9026
Lvs. smooth stalked cordate roundish subsinuate toothed, Stem erect, Pods erect twice as long as stalk
Leaves smooth thickish: radical stalked ovate entire; cauline few entire or 3-lobed, Pods erect
Leaves smooth membranous stalked: radical undivided; lower cauline 3-fid, upper 5-lobed, Pods erect
Leaves smooth 3-fid, Segments stalked ovate acuminate toothed, Pods spreading
Lvs. smoothish 3-fid, Segm. sess rhomb. roundish tooth. Scape naked, Lower branches root-like creeping
Leaves above downy trifid, Segments somewhat stalked ovate lanceolate crenate, Stem ascending
Radical leaves stalked ovate subcordate: cauline pinnatifid with oblong entire lobes, Root granular
Leaves pinnatifid, Segments of radical roundish; of cauline toothed angular, Stem rooting at base
Lvs. pinnatifid, Segm. ovate nearly entire: term. round.3-lobed, Runners creeping, Stem ascend. pubesc.
Lvs. pinnatifid, Segm. of rad.roundish: of cauline linear or lanc. entire, Style very short, Stigma capitate
9027
9028
9029
90.30
90.31
90.33
Leaves pinnatifid or lyrate, Lobes oval angular toothed blunt, Stem erect, Petals oblong linear
Leaves pinnatifid, Segm. of radical roundish mucronate stalked, of the upper oblong subsess. Petals obl.
Leaves pinnatifid, Lobes sessile obl. linear entire the lowest distant from the stem, Petals oblong linear
Leaves pinnatifid, Segm. oval oblong somewhat toothed, lowest close to the stem acute stipule-like
Leaves pinnatifid smooth, Segm. 3-7 roundish toothed angular, Pods erect a little longer than stalk
Leaves pinnatifid nearly smooth, Segm. stalked ovate toothed lower pinnatifid, Segm. 3-4
9033 Segm. of leaves somewhat stalked roundish tooth-lobed nearly equal
9034
9035
90.36
99.37
90.38
90.39
9040
Leaves 3 whorled stalked trifid, Segm. oval lanceolate acuminate serrated, Stamens length of petals
Leaves 1-2 alternately shortly stalked 3-fid, Segm. ovate lanceolate coarsely and unequally serrate lobed
Leaves many alternate stalked trifid, Segm. broad oval cut toothed, Axillae without glands
Leaves many alternate stalked trifid, Segm. ovate-lanceolate remotely toothed, Axillae with glands
Caul. Ivs. many alternate stalked palmate 5-lobed, Segm. oblong lanceolate acuminate coarsely serrated
Cauline leaves alternate stalked pinnatifid, Segm. oblong acuminate serrate toothed
Cauline leaves alternate pinnatifid: upper undivided mostly bearing bulbs in the axillae
9041 Pods lanceolate narrowed at each end

9042 Pods elliptical blunt at each end
9043 Leaves sub-bipinnatifid, Lobes oblong sinuate angular

9044 Stem shrubby erect, Leaves linear with close hairs
9045 Stem half-shrubby at base erect, Leaves lanceolate downy
9046 Stems half-shrubby ascending, Leaves oblong obovate stalked and pods hoary with down
9047 Stems herbaceous erect, Leaves oblong repand, Pods velvety with short down, Stigma capitate
90.30
1394. Dentaria. From dens, a tooth; its roots are furnished with projecting angles, which resemble the
molar teeth of quadrupeds. Plants with broad palmate or pinnate leaves, and shewy white, yellowish, or
purple flowers. The dried root of D. diphylla is used instead of mustard by the Americans, under the name of
Der root.
*:
Lunaria. Derived from luna, the moon, in allusion to the broad round silvery silicles. Large hairy
plants, with alternate or opposite cordate leaves, and large lilac flowers.
1396. Ricotia. A word, the meaning of which is no where explained.
It was probably formed after
obscure botanist. Small weak branched annual plants, with variously lobed foliage, and pale lilac
tiowers.
1397. Farsetia.
In memory of Philip Farseti, a noble Venetian, celebrated for his botanical crudition.
small genus, with hoary entire leaves, and yellow or dirty-white fowers
544
TETRADYNAMIA.
BenteroA.
hoary
Farstia incna R.Br.
9049 mutabilis Dec.
changeable
1398. BERTERO'A. Dec.

9048 incna Dec.
Farstia mutabilis
CLAss XV.
y: O or
14.jls
Europe
1640. 8 s.l.
Dallug.1181.fe
Y: A or
11 jLau
W.pk Levant
1802. D co
Vent cels. 85
1823. C co
Floragraeca,623
R. Br.
9050 obliqua Dec.

oblique
* or
tl399. AUBRIETIA. Adans. Aubmieri.A.
9051 deltoidea Dec.
purple
Y: A or
1 jl
W
Sicily
Crucifera. Sp. 1-2.
4 mr.my Pu
Levant
1710. C p.l Bot mag. 126
Farsetia deltoidea R.Br.
t1400. VESICARIA. Lam.
-"

1 ap.jn I.Y. Levant 1739.
1 apjn L. Y Spain
1596.
*my.au Y
Crete
1739.
*1401. ALYS'SUM. L.
Crucifera. Sp. 18-52.
9055 saxtile L.
1 ap.my Y
Candia 1710.
9056 Gemonnse L.
1 ap.my Y
Europe
...
90.57 argnteum W.
1 ap.my Y
Switzerl. ...
9058 Bertolnii Desc.
1 ap.my Y
Switzerl. 1823.
9059 murle W. & K.
1 ap.my Y
Hungary 1820.
9060 tortusum W. &
1 jn.jl
Y
Hungary 1804.
9061 alpstre L.
I jn.jl
Y
S. Europe 1825.
9062 montnum L.
mountain
y: A or
3.jl.au. Y
Germany 1713.
9063 rostrtum Stev.
beaked
O un
my.jl Y
Crimea 1823.
9064 microptalum Fisch. small-petaled
O un
my.jl Y
Siberia
1823.
9065 campstre L.
field
O un 1 jl.au
L.Y. France
1768.
9066 calycinum L.
calycine
O un 1 jl.au
L.Y Austria 1740.
906.7 minimum hy.
small
O un
*.jl
I.Y
1791.
$9068 edntulum W. & K, toothless
y: O un 1 jl
Y
ungary 1820.
9069 maritimum Lam, sweet
*.
un 1 jn.s
W.
England sea co.
9070 rupstre Tenore
rock
* Jun
+ jn.s
W.
Naples
1825.
9052 utriculta Lam.
9053 sinuta Poir.
9054 crtica Poir.
VesicARIA.
smooth
y: A or
sinuate-leaved a od or
Cretan
* - or
MAdwort.
rock
*.
or
Austrian
rt.
or
silvery
y: A or
Bertoloni's
y: a or
wall
y: A or
K twisted
* A cu
alpine
y: A cu
9071 halimifolium W.
purslane-leav'd "... I un # jn.s
9072 spinsum L.
thorny
1402. CLYPEOL.A. W.
90.73 Ion Thlaspi L.

1403. PELTARIA. L.
9074 allicea L.
cu
W.
Bot mag. 130

Clu.his.2.134 fl
D. s.l
Alp. exot. t. 118
C s.l. Bot mag. 159

C co
D co
Jac.ic. 3. t. 503
All ped t-54 f.3
D co
D
D.
D
D.
S
co
s.l
co
s.l.
co
Wal. & Kit.1.t-6

Wal. & Kit. t-91
All ped. t. 18 f2
Bot. mag. 419
St.ac.p.3.t.15.f.1
S co
S s-p Barric, t.912 fg

S # Jac. aust. t.338
C s.l
Tratt. thes, t 35
S co
C s.l
C co
Wal.&Kit.Lt.92
Eng. bot. 1729
Tenore nap, t-60
S. Europe 1820. C co Bocc. mus. t. 39
jn.au W.
S. Europe 1683. C. s.l Barr. ic. 808
+ my.jl Y
S. Europe 1710. S. co Cav. ic.l. t.34.f3
r:
PeltaR1A.
Garlic-scented Y. A pr1 myjl
Sp. 1-3.
Austria
1601. D s.l.
Cruciferae. Sp. 1.
9075 pyrenica R.Br.
Pyrenean
y: A cu
+ my.jn Pk
Pyrenees 1759. D.
1405. DRABA. L.
Whitlow GRAss.
9076 aizoides L.
sea-green
y: A pr. 4 fap
Y
Wales , rocks. D
90.77 ciliris L.
ciliate-leaved y: A pr? fap
W
Switzerl. 1731. D
9078 aizon Wahl.
evergreen
A pr: my
Y
Carinthia 1823. D
9079 alpina L.
alpine
a pr? ap.my Y
Lapland 1820. D
9080 hirta L.
hairy
* A prli my.jl W.
N. Europe 1823. D
9081 rupstris R. Br.
rock
y: A pr: my.jl W.
Scotland alroc. D.
9082 stellta Jacq.
stellate
y: A pr
a my.jl W
Pyrenees 1820. D
9083 incna L.
twisted-podded Q) pr. ; my.jn W.
Britain al.roc. S
9084 conf(isa Ehr.
confu
y: CD prs my.jn W
N. Europe.... S
9085 memorlis Ehr.
wood
O pr? my.jn Y
Europe 1759. S.
9086 murlis L.
Speedwell-lvd.
O prl #my
W
England moun. S
1406. ERO"PHILA. Dec. ERoPhila.
Cruciferae. Sp. 15.
9087 vulgris Dec.
Common
O w
mr.ap W. Britain walls. S
1404. PETROCAL LIS. R. Br.
* un
TREAcle Mustaad.
annual
O
D. s.l.
C. s.l
Jac. aust 2. t. 123
Petrocallis.
s.l. Bot mag. 713

s.l
s.l
Eng. bot. 1271

Ger. gal. 1311
co
co
co
s.1
co
s.l
co
s.l.
s.l
Wah.lap.t.11.f4
Wah-lap.t.11.f3
Eng. bot. 1338
s.l
Eng. bot. 586
Eng, bot. 388

Flora Dan. t. 130
Ho, sys.4t.60.f.1
Eng. bot. 912
Draba verna L.

1398. Berteroa. Named after Charles Joseph Bertero, a pupil of Balbis, and a friend of M. Decandolle, who
speaks in high terms of his merits. A genus distinguished om its allies by its bifid petals and peculiar habit.
1399. Aubrietia. Named by Adanson, after Aubriet, the famous French botanical draughtsman. A genus
very distinct in habit, and sufficiently different from Berteroa in its entire petals, and from Alyssum in its
bisaccate calyx and oblong fruit.
1400. Vesicaria. From vesica, a blister or bladder. The silicles of this genus are inflated like smallbladders.
This is a genus which combines species with bisaccate and an equal calyx, with entire and toothed stamens,
with edged or not edged seeds, and with a deciduous or persistent calyx. It will, therefore, require division
hereafter.
1401. Alyssum.
From a, privative, and Avrara, rage; the Alyssum
which possessed the properties of allaying anger. Th e

A. alpestre. The species are shewy plants, of easy culture.
among the ancients for a plant

ioscorides is referred by Sprengel to
A. saxatile is very ornamental early in the season.
&Avraroy of
Cr-Ass XV.
TETRADYNAMIA.
545
9048 Silicles pubescent somewhat ventricose

9049 Silicles compressed flat elliptical smooth
90.50 Silicles flat elliptical downy
9051 Pedicels longer than calyx
9052 Calyx bisaccate, Leaves oblong entire smooth; lower ciliate subspatulate
9053 Calyx equal somewhat spreading and leaves velvety oblong entire or sinuate toothed, Stem herbaceous
9054 Calyx deciduous, Leaves oblong entire or repand wavy hoary with down
90.55 Stems "shrubby at base subco
bose, Leaves lanc. entire downy, Pods obov. orb. 2-seeded, Seeds edged
9056 Stems shrubby at base panic. Leaves lanc. nearly entire velvety, Pods roundish 2-4-seeded, Seeds edged
9057 Stems; shrubby at base hoary with stellate down, Lvs. obl. spatul. silvery beneath, Pods ovate roundish
9058 Stems: shrubby at base hoary with stellate down, Leaves obl. obov; silvery beneath, Podselliptical
9059 Stems: shrubby at base hoary with stellate down, Leaves obl. nearly acute whitish beneath, Polls ovate
9060 Stems; shrubby at base twisted diffuse hoary, Leaves hoary sublanceolate, Racemes corymbose
9061 Stems: shrubby at base diffuse hoary, Leaves obovate hoary, Racemes simple, Pods ovate oblong
9062 Stems diffuse pubescent, Leaves hoary: lower obovate; upper oblong, Racemes simple
9063 Stem erect, Flowering branches
Lvs. lanceol. downy, Pods roundish elliptic. little longer than style
9064 Stem erect, Leaves lanceolate, Pods hirsute in long racemes twice as long as style
9065 Stems diffuse, Leaves lanceolate or somewhat linear hairy, Pods roundish rough 6 times as long as style
9066 Stems diffuse, Leaves linear lanceolate hoary, Cal. persistent, Pods four times as long as style
9067 Stems diffuse, Leaves linear lanceolate hoary, Pods roundish emarginate smooth
9068 Stem erect, Leaves velvety oblong sinuated: upper linear, Cal. spreading, Petals bifid
9069 Stems half shrubby at base procumbent, Leaves lin. lanceol. acute somewhat hoary, Pods oval smooth
9070 Stems half shrubby at base somewhat erect, Rad. lvs. obl.-lanc. acute silvery: caul, few lin. Pods woolly
9071 Stems + shrubby ascend. Lvs. obl. obt, narrowed at base scaly, Pods roundish smooth twice as long as style
9072 Stem shrubby, Branches and old peduncles spiny, Leaves obl.linear silvery, Pods round smooth
R.'
90.73 Stems diffuse or ascending

9074 Cauline leaves sagittate stem-clasping, Pods flat smooth
9075 Leaves sessile 3-5-fid at end cuneate at base
9076 Scapes naked smooth, Leaves rigid linear lanceolate keeled ciliated, Stamens as long as petals
9077 Scapes naked smooth, Leaves long linear keeled ciliated, Stamens scarcely as long as calyx
9078 Scapes naked smooth, Leaves linear keeled rigid ciliated, Style as broad as hairy pod but twice as short
9079 Scapes naked downy, Leaves lanceolate flat hairy, Hairs branched, Pods oblong, Style very short
9080 Scapess downy with 2 toothletted leaves, Rad leaves obl. nearly entire downy, Pods smooth
9081 Scapes naked or 1-leaved downy, Leaves lanc. hairy nearly entire, Pods lanceol. pubescent
9082 Scapes 1-leaved pubescent, Leaves ovate obl. with a short starry down, Pedicels downy, Pods oblong
9083 Stem leafy branched velvety with starry down, Leaves ovate toothed, Pod obl, smooth somewhat twisted
9084 Stem leafy branched velvety with starry down, Leaves obl somewhat toothed, Pods obl. pubescent
9085 Stem branched leafy downy, Leaves ovate toothed downy, Podsellipt. obl. many-seeded (32-36) velvety
9086 Stem branched leafy downy, Lvs. ovate toothed subcord. stem-clasping somewhat hairy, Pods smooth few
[seeded (12-16)
9087 Pods elliptical shorter than stalk, Scapes 5-15-flowered
-
ana Miscellaneous Particulars.
1402. Clypeola. From clypeus, a buckler, in allusion to the form of its silicle. A little annual plant, hoary,
with stellate pubescence.
1403. Peltaria. A name with the same meaning and application as the last; rearn signifies in Greek a
small buckler.
1404. Petrocallis. From rera", a rock, and xxxos, beautiful, in allusion to the rocky places where it grows,
and which it enlivens with its elegant tufts of rose-colored flowers.
1405. Draba. From 3:48, acrid, biting, according to Linnaeus. Little annual or perennial plants, found,
for the most part, in the cold mountainous countries of Europe; a few are also found in America. Some of the
species have siliques, others silicles.
1406. Erophild. A genus divided from Draba, on account of its bifid petals; and deriving its name from
*, the spring, and quxia, to love, in allusion to the time of the year when it appears.
Nn
546
TETRADYNAMIA.
CLAss XV.
1407. COCHLEA'RIA. L. Scurvy GaAss.

9088 saxtilis R. Br.
rock
A un
*.jn.jl
W
Austria 1775. D. s.l.
9089 Armorcia L.
Horse-radish
A cul 3 my
W.
England wat:pl. D. s.
9090 macrocrpa W.&K large-capsuled
A un 3 jl
W.
Hungary 1806. D. s.l
9091 glastiflia L.
Woad-leaved y Q) un 11 my.jl W.
Germany 1648. S co
9092 Anglica L.
English
O ec * my
W
Britain seash. S. co
9093 officinlis L.
cornmon
ec
*ap.my W
Britain seash. S. co
9094 grnlndica L.
Greenland
St A ec * my.jn F
Scotland sc, al. D co
9095 danica L.
Danish
O ec
+ myjn W.
Britain sea sh. S. co
9096 acalis Desf.
stemless
Sy A unl :: ja.ap W
Portugal 1824. D co
1408. THLASP1. L.
Shepherd's Purse.
90.97 latiflium Bieb.
broad-leaved Y. A un 1 mr.ap W
Crimea 1822. D co
90.98 ceratocrpon L.
Siberian
O w
1: jl
W
Siberia
1779. S co
9099 arvnse L.
Penny-Cress
O w
"
W
Britain corn fi. S. co
9100 alliceum L.
Garlic-scented
O w
my.jl W.
9101 perfoliatum L.
perfoliate
A w
apjl
W.
England stopa. D s.1
9102 montnum L.
mountain
O) w
*jl
W
Austria
... S. s.l
9103 alpstre L.
alpine
sy. A w
my.jl W.
England m-pas. D. s.l
1409. CAPSEL/LA. Mnch. Shepherd's PURse.
Cruciferae. Sp. 1.
9104 barsa pastris Mn, common
O w
1* f.n
W
Britain roadsi. S. co
1410. HUTCHINSIA. R.Br. Hutchinsia.
Cruciferae Sp. 4-11.
9105 rotundiflia R.Br. round-leaved
A pr. ; my.jl W.pu Switzerl. 1759. D co
9106 stylsa Dec.
long-styled
C) pr. 1 in my.jl W.
S. Europe 1824. 1) co
9107 alpina R.Br.
Alpine
Apr 4 apjn W. Germany 1775. D co
9108 petraea R. Br.
rock
O pr? mr.my W
England rocks. S co
1411. TEESDA'LIA. R. Br. Teesdalia.
Cruciferae. Sp. 2.
9109 nudicatilis R. Br.
naked-stalked
O pr. ; myji W
Britain grapa. S co
9110 regulris Sm.
regular
O pr? finy W.
t1412. IBERIS. L.
CANDY-Tuft.
9111 semperflrens L.
broad-leaved n. L. ft
13.ja.d
W
Sicily
1679. C. r.m.
9112 gibraltrica L.
Gibraltar
* L or 1 my.jn W.pk Spain
1732. C co
9113 saxtilis L.
rock
*.
or
* apjn W.
S. Europe 1739. C. co
9114 pubscens W.
pubescent
rt.
or , ap.jn Pa.V
... C co
9115 sempervirens L.
narrow-leaved it.
or
i apjn W
Candia
1731. C co
9116 amra L.
bitter
O or 1 jn.jl
W
England chal fi. S co
9117 intermdia Dec.
intermediate is O or 1 jn.jl
W
France
1823. S co
9118 pinnta L.
wing-leaved
O ft
1 jn.au W
9119 odorta L.
sweet-scented
O ft
1 jLau
W
Geneva 1806. S co
9120 umbellta L.
urple
O or 1.jn.jl
Pu S. Europe 1596. S co
Jac. aust. 2. t. 128
Eng: bot: 2-3

Wal.&Kit. t. 184
Mo.his.2. t.21.f.3
Eng. bot. 552
Eng. bot. 55
Eng. bot. 2403
Eng bot. 696
Jacq. ecl. t. 132
ins. 1. t. 4
Eng. bot. 1659

Jac.ic. 1. t. 121
Eng. bot. 2354
Jac. aust-3 t-z57
Eng. bot. 81
Eng. bot. 1485
All-ped.1.t:55.f2
Bot. mag. 2772
Jac. aust.g. t. 137

Eng. bot. 111
Eng.bot. 327
Zanon.hist.t.1.65
Bot mag. 124
Garid prov.t.101
9121 liniflia L.
9122 cilita All.
9123 tamrica Dec.
9124 violcea R.Br.
9125 nna All.
9126 Tenoreana Dec.
lax-leaved, x Q) or
ciliate-leaved
to AJ or
yc O) or
blunt-lvd.-purp.
O or
dwarf
O or
Tenorc's
y: A or
Taurian
1413. BISCUTELLA. L. Buckler MustARd.

9127 auriculata L.
ear-podded
O un
9128 erigerifolia Dec.
Erigeron-leav'd
hispid
9130 lyrta L.
lyre-leaved
9131 raphaniflia Poir. radish-leaved
9129 hispida Dec.
90.91
<x"
$, $
O
O
O
O
*
un
un
un
un
13 jlau
Pu
S. Europe 1759. C. pl. Garid pro tith
# jn.jl
W
Caucasus 1802.
* injl
W.
Caucasus 1823.
3 jn.jl
Pu
......
1782.
+jn.jl
Pu Dauphiny 1822.
* jn.jl
Papu Naples
1823.
13 jn.jl"
''12 jn.jl
jn.jl
#14 jn.jl
jn.jl
Riv. tetr. 224. 2

Eng. bot. 52
Bul.ph. n.82.t.21
Lob. ic. 218
Clu.his. p.132.f.1
Bot mag. 106
C co
S co
Bot mag. 1030
S co
S. co All auct t2 fl
D co
Swt. fl. gar. 88
Pa.Y'S Europe 1683. S co
Lam.ill. t.560.f2
Pa.Y. S. Europe ... S co

Y
Barr ic. t.230
ain
Sicily
1799.
1822.
S co
S co
.

1407. Cochlearia. From cochlear, a spoon. The leaves are hollowed and concave like the bowl of a
n. The annual species were formerly used as spring salads and antiocorbutics, but are now generally
neglected.
. . armoracia, the horse radish, is cultivated as a condiment to roast bucf. It is called upon the con
tinent Cran, Cran de Bretagne, Raifort, Reeredyck, &c. &c. Two excellent modes of cultivating it have lately
been described in the Horticultural Transactions, by Knight, a nurseryman, and Judd, a gardener. Both
agree in trenching the soil to a considerable depth, and putting the manure at the bottom of the trench; but
Knight plants the sets on the surface, and calculates on the root that strikes down to the dung for produce.
Judd, on the other hand, makes holes quite to the bottom of his trenched soil, and in each drops a set, filling
up the hole with wood ashes, rotten tan, or sand, calculating for produce on the shoot made from the set at
the bottom of the hole, up through the sand or ashes to the surface. Judd's mode is the most ingenious, and
appears the best, but either will do extremely well. A moist soil increases the bitter and alkaline flavor of
this and all the Crucifera.
Common scurvy-grass has powermut medical properties, as antiscorbutic and sialagogue, and stimulating
the digestive organs.
1507.
For ample details respecting its qualities, consult Wier Cochl. Descr, lib. 1. Basilea'.
Mallenoroch Cochl. Cur, Lipsia. 1674. Murr. App. Med. 3. p. 420, &c.
- -
CLAss XV.
- - -
TETRADYNAMIA.
- -
547
sO38 Pods lentiform smooth, Rad, leaves obl. toothed hairy; cauline linear oblong
9089 Podsellipsoid, Rad leaves obl. crenate; cauline long lanceolate toothed or cut, Root large fleshy
90.90 Podsellipsoid, Rad, lvs. obl. crenate; cauline lanc. toothed, Teeth cartilaginous, Root fleshy, Sepals erect
9091 Pods roundish, Cauline leaves cordate sagittate stem-clasping acuminate entire
90.92 Pods ovate roundish with netted veins twice as short as stalk, Rad. leaves stalked ovate entire; caul. obl.
9.093 Pods ovate globose twice as short as stalk, Rad. leaves stalked cordate; cauline ovate toothed angular
9.09% Pods ovate the length of stalk, Rad. leaves stalked reniform entire; cauline scarcely any
9095 Silicles ellipsoid the length of
icel, Leaves all stalked subdeltoid
9096 Silicles roundish emarginate, Pedicels and petioles radical long, Leaves ovate rounded entire
90.97 Radical leaves on long stalks cordate repand-toothed; cauline ovate cordate on short stalks
; cauline oblong at the base hastate stem-clasp, with acute auricles
90.99 Leaves oblong toothed, Stems erect, Silicles obovate orbicular shorter than pedicel
9100 Lvs. obl. tooth. blunt: lower stalked; upper sagit. stem-clasp. with acute auricles, Silicles subov. ventricose
9101 Lvs. somew, tooth. : rad. stalk. ; caul cord stem-clasp. Stem branch. Pet length of cal. Silicles obcordate
9102 Lvs.somew. fleshy ent: rad. obov.stalk.; caul. obl. sagitt stem-clasp. Pet larg than cal. Silic obc. 4-seeded
9103 Lvs. nearly entire: rad. ovate stalked; caul. obl. stem-clasp. Pet, as long as cal. Silic, obcord. 8-12-seeded
90.98 Rad. Ivs. somewhat stalked obovate-obl.
9104 Radical leaves pinnatifid, Silicles obcordate

[twice as short as silicle
9105 Lvs. somew, fleshy entire: lower stalk. obov.; caul. ovate obl. somewhat stem-clasp. Stam. petals and style
9106 Lvs. somew, fleshy: lower stalk obov. obl. entire; caul obl. Stamens petals and style about length of silicle
9107 Lvs. pinnated smooth, Pet. twice as long as decid. cal. Silicles acute at each end, Style very shortexserted
9108 Lvs. pinnated, smooth, Pet. scarcely longer than calyx, Silicles blunt at each end 4-seeded, Stigmassessile
9109 Petals unequal: outer largest
9110 Petals equal
9111 Shrubby, Lvs. cuneate or spatul blunt ent smooth, Flowers corymbose, Silicles truncate subemarg. at end
9112 Shrubby, Leaves cuneiform obtuse somewhat toothed at end a little ciliated, Flowers corymbose
9113 Shrubby, Leaves linear entire somewhat fleshy rather acute smooth or ciliated, Flowers corymbose
9114 Shrubby, Leaves ciliated blunt linear spatulate; lower somewhat toothed at end, Flowers corymbose
*115 Shrubby, Lvs. obl. blunt narrowed at base smooth, Fls. in long racemes, Silic. emarg. with a narrow recess
9116 Herbaceous, Lvs. lanc. acute somew, toothed, Fls corym. becoming racem. Silic obcord, narrowly emarg.
91.17
9118
9119
9120
9121
9122
9123
Herbaceous, Lvs. lanc. blunt smooth entire or the rad. somew, toothed, Fls finally racem. Silic ovate trun.
Herbaceous smooth, Leaves pinnatifid, Racemes corymbose but little elongated after flowerin
[style
Herb. smooth, Lv. lin. tooth. ciliat. at base dilat. at end, Silic round. Lobes of end acute spread. short than
Herbaceous smooth, Leaves lanc. acuminate: lower serrate; upper entire, Silicles umb. acutely 2-lobed
Herbaceous smooth, Leaves linear entire: radical somewhat toothed, Silicles corymbose 2-toothed
Herb smoothish, Lvs. lin. entire ciliated at base, Silic corymb. emargin. with blunt lobes as long as styles
Herb smoothish, Leaves ciliat somew, fleshy: lower spatul.2-tooth. at end; upp. lin. Silic, corymb. ema
9124 Herb. smoothish, Lvs. stalked spat blunt toothed and ent, ciliat. Corymb somew, umbel. Cal. hairy at bac
9125 Herbaceous smooth, Lvs. round. spatul. ent rather fleshy, Silic corymo.cmarg. with a broad blunt recess
9126 Half-shrubby at base pub. Lvs. rather fleshy cren.: lower ob. narr. at base, ui obl.lin. Sil.somew. corymb.
[emarginate
9127 Cal bluntly 2-spurred, Silicles smooth rough with elevated dots in centre, Lobes of end meeting over style
9128 Cal. bluntly 2 spurred, Silicles smooth even, Lobes at the end somewhat meeting over the style
9129 Cal. acutely 2-spur. Silic: smooth with elevat. rough points on disk, not overhang style at end, Stem hispid
91.30 Silicles hispid on each disk, Radical leaves lyrate
9131 Silicles smooth even, Radical leaves lyrate
-T
912
:
** &#3' |
-
1408. Thlaspi. From 9xaaw, to compress. The Thlaspi, says Pliny, bears seeds like the lentil, and com
pressed, whence its name. T. arvense, when rubbed, has the smell of garlic.
1409. Capsella. A diminutive of capsula. This, which is the common shepherd's-purse, has been separated
from Thlaspi on account of its valves not
winged at back.
1410. Hutchinsia. Named after Miss Hutchins, to whom Sir James Smith was indebted for many commu
nications of submarine algae during the progress of his English Botany.
1411. Teesdalia. Named after # Robert Teesdale, author of a Catalogue of the Plants growing about
Castle Howard, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, published in the Transactions of the Linnean Society.
Small annual smooth herbs, with revolute leaves, and simple scapes of small white flowers.
1412. Iberis. From the country called Iberia, now Spain. Most of the species grow in such countries.
They are generally pretty plants, and some of them are commonly cultivated in
as hardy annuals,
under the name o
; a name which was originally
to the I. umbellata only, which was first
&#
#:
discovered in Candia, and called Thlaspi Candiae by Lobel and

onaeus.
1413 Biscteia. From his scutella, a double shield, in allusion to the form of its seed-vessel when bursting.
Small annual or perennial hispid plants, with small bright yellow flowers. The species are nearly related to
each other, and difficult to distinguish.
N
n 2
- - -- -
TETRADY NAMIA.
548
91.32 martima Tenore
91.33 cilita Dec.
9134 Colum'nae Tenore.
9135 A'pula L.
9136 laevigta L.
alpstris W. & K.
9137 coronopiflia All.
9138 ambigua Dec.
9139 saxtilis Dec.
9140 sempervirens L.
sea-coast
Q un 13 jnji
ciliated
O un
jn.jl
O un 1 jn.jl
O un 1 jn.jl
Y
Y
Columna's
spear-leaved
smooth-podded Y A un 1 jnji
Hungarian
So a
buck's-horn-lv. y A
doubtful
A
stone
a
downy-leaved if A
un
1 jn.jl
Syrian
jn.]]
un
un
un
* jnji
+jn.jl
* jn.jl
Y
Y
Y
O cu
1415. OCHTHO'DIUM. Dec. OchthodiuM.

9142 acgyptiacum Dec. Egyptian
O cu
Bunias aegyptiaca L
1416. ANASTATICA. L.
9143 Hierochun'tia L.
1417. CA Kl'LE. Tourn.
9144 martima Scop.
1418. RAPISTRUM. Desv.
9147 orientle Dec.
y: A un
oriental
S co
D co
Lam.ill. t.560.f.1
Jac. aust.4, t.339
D co
Plrar.hu.3.t 28
D co
Dec. diss. t. 18
D co
D co
C. s.l.
Barr. ic. t. 841
Dec.diss. t. 11-fl
Sp. 1-2.
vant
1778. S. co Jac. aus. 1. t. 6
Sp. 1.
Egypt
1787. S co
Jac.vind.2. t. 145
Sp. 1.
Levant
1597. D co
Jac. vind. 1. t. 58
Cruciferae. Sp. 13.

#jn.s
Pu
Britain
seash. S. s.l
Cruciferae.
jn.au W
O un
RAP1stituM.
9145 pernne Dec.

perennial
Cakile perennis Lher.
9146 rugsum All.
wrinkled
Cakile rugosa Lher.
Ten. nap. t. 61
Dec. ic gall. t.39
Col.ecp.t-284-fi
Cruciferae.
+ au
Y
A cu
CAKille.
Sea Rocket
S co
S co
S co
Cruciferae.
jLau
W
Rose of Jenicito.
common
un
1414. EUCLI/DIUM. R. Br. EuclidiuM.
9141 syriacum R. Br.
Y
Y
CLAss XV.
Naples
1824.
S. France 1820.
S. Italy
1823.
Italy
1710.
Italy
1777.
Hungary 1816.
Italy
1790.
S. Italy 1820.
S. Europe 1821.
Spain
1784.
Cruciferae.
1: jl
Y
Sp. 3-5.
Germany 1789.
D. s.l
Eng. bot. 231

Jac. aust 5.t.414
O un
11 jn.jl
S. Europe 1739. S s.l.
All ped. 1. t. 78
O un
1 jl
Levant
1795. S co
Flo.Graeca,t-612
O un
O un
Crucifera. Sp. 2-4.

* jn.jl
Pu Siberia
* jn.jl
Pu
Siberia
1780. S co
Pall.it.3.t.L.f3
Myagrum orientale L.
1419. CHORISPORA. Dec. ChorispoRA.
9148 tenlla Dec.

2 arcuta
purple
bowed
Raphanus arcuatus W.
9149 sibirica L.
Siberian
O un
1420. MALCO/MIA. R. Br. MAlcomia.

91.50 africana R. Br.
African
9151 tarxaciflia Dec.

9152 lxa Dec.
9153 Chia Dec.
9154 maritima R. Br.
9155 arenria Dec.

9156 parviflra Dec.
9157 lyrta Dec.
9158 littrea R.Br.
O
O)
O
dwarf branching O
dwarf annual
O
sand
Q
small-flowered
Q
lyrate
O
small sea
O
Dandelion-lvd.
lax
*1421. HES'PERIS. L.
Rocket.
night-smelling
jagged
9161 runcinta W & K. runcinate
& bituminsa Savi.
clammy
9159 tristis L.
9160 lacinita All.
916.2 matronlis L.
common
A inodra L.
9163 aprica Poir.
scentless
$9164 arabidiflra Dec.
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
exposed
x:
y:
y:
y:
y:
y:
y:
O
O
CD
CD
A
A
A
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
* jn.jl
Altai
...
*'''
S s.l Bocc.sic. t.42 fl

S 1.p
S
co
S.
S
S.
S
S
S.
s.l.
s.l."
s.l.
co
co
s.l.
Dil.el.t.148.f.178
Bot mag. 166
Desf.atl. 2. t.162
Dec. ic gall. t.35
Flor.Graec.t.835
Lob ic. t.331.f.1
1629.
...
1804.
1816.
1597.
past.
S.
S
S.
S.
D.
S
s.l.
co
s.l
s.l
p.1
s.l
Bot. mag. 750

All ped. t.82 fil
PL rar.h.2 t 200
co
co
1823. S co Mur. 1775, 48.11

#jnji
Pu Africa
1747.
jn
Pu
Siberia
1795.
jn
Pu
Siberia
1820.
1 jn
Pu
Chio
1732.
*my.jn V
S. Europe 1713.
# jn.jl
V
Algiers 1804.
jn.jl
V
S. Europe 1823.
jn.jl
Pu
Cyprus
1820.
jn.n
W.Y. S. Europe 1683.

1 ap.jn D. Pu Austria
14 myjn Pu
S, France
jn.jl
W.pu Hungary
14.jn.jl
W.pu
......
4 my...au Pu
Italy
4 my.jn Pk
Britain
Lam.ill. t.564.f.1
Eng bot. 731
Pu
Siberia
18:2.
naked-stalked # ZX or 4 mrmy Pu
Siberia
1798. D sl Amae.ac.t.4f.90
Arabis grandiflra L.
* 9135
9142

1414 Euclidium. From *, well, and 2*, to shut up, because of the firmly closed seed vessel.
1415. Ochthodium. So called from ox3-3rs, warted, in allusion to the of the pods.
1416. Anastatica. Derived from **arzais, resurrection. This plant has been so called because it has the
curious property of recovering its original form, however dry it may be, upon immersion in water. The com.
mon believe that if you put this in water at the time when a woman first experiences the pains of
childbirth, it will expand at the precise moment when the infant is brought into the world. Common y called
Rose of Jericho. It grows in the arid wastes of Arabia and Palestine, where it is called kaf manyam, that is
":
': hand.
*
tle.purple
An Arabic
word
employed
Serapio.
Smooth
fleshy
annual
plants,misp
with pinnat
pinnatifid leaves,
and
white
or
flowers.
They
all
growbyupon
the sandy
coasts
of the
northern
*:
is said
by Anguillara
to be a po:
y
he
here. C. maritima
-
Cr-Ass XV.
TETRADYNAMIA.
549
s132 Silicles even ciliated at edge, Radical leaves lyrate

9133 Silicles even ciliated at edge, Stem erect elongated leafy, Leaves sessile oblong remotely toothed [at base
9134 Sil, rough on edge and disk with a very fine down, Rad. Ivs. obov. cun. acute tooth. Stem somew, nak. hisp.
9135 Silicles rough on the edge and disk with a very fine down, Leaves lanc. serrate, Stem leafy branched hairy
9136 Silicles smooth even, Rad, leaves rough with hair oblong narrowed into stalk: cauline linear few entire
9137 Silicles smooth even, Leaves rough with hairs, generally radical pinnatifid with 2-3 rem. lobes on each side
91.38 Sil: smth. even, Lvs. rough with hairs: rad. sin-tooth. nar. at base; caul very few cord. at bases stem-clasp.
9139 Silicles smooth rough with elevated dots on the disk, Leaves hairy generally radical oblong
91.40 Silicles smoothrough with elevated dots on disk, Lvs. mostly radical erect linear lanc. hoary nearly entire
9141 Silicles scabrous with a persistent subulate style, Cauline leaves stalked lanceolate

9144 Upper joint of the silicle ensiform
9145 Silicles smooth: upper joint ovate longer than style, Leaves pinnatifid, Lobes toothed cut acute
9146 Silicles downy: upper joint round rugose shorter than style, Leaves blunt toothed; radical sublyrate
9147 Silicles furrowed smooth, Leaves oblong toothed sinuated
9148 Silique and leaves smooth: upper lanceolate toothed; lower pinnatifid
9149 Siliques and leaves nearly smooth, Leaves all sinuate pinnatifid
91.50 Stem branched diff. Lvs. lanc. somew. toothed, Down 2-4-parted, Pedi shorter than persist cal. Siliq, rough
9151 Stem erect simple, Lvs. obl. cut tooth. Down 3-parted, Pedi. shorter than decid. cal. Siliq, smth about 4-cor.
9152 Stem branched somew. hairy at base, Lvs. ov. acute toothed angul and siliq, smooth, Pedi. shorter than cal.
9153 Stem erect branch. Lvs. obov. ent. Down 2-parted app. Pedi. length of cal. Siliq. round. pub. Style very short
9154 Stem erect branched, Lvs. ellipt. bluntent narr at base, Down appr. 2-4-parted, Pedicels shorter than cal.
9155 Stem erect branched, Lvs.lanc. acute: lower toothed sess. Down stel. Pedi. very short, Pods torulose subul.
91.56 Stem erect branched, Lvs. obl. blunt nearly ent. Down tom. stel. Pedicels finally as long as cal. Pods pubesc.
9157 Stem erect branched, Lower lvs. lyrate blunt, Down app. 2-part. Pedicels
of cal. Pods pubesc.
9158 Stem compound erect, Leaves lanceolate linear nearly entire hoary, Pedicels length of cal. Pods hoary
9159 Pedicels very long spreading stiff as broad as silique which is thickened at each edge, Petals obl. oblique
9160 Pedicels shorter than cal. Petals obovate oblong, Leaves obovate cut-toothed, Stem hispid
91.61 Pedic. longer than cal. Petals obov. somew. pointed, Lvs. downy: lower lyrate runcinate; upperlanc. acum.
9162 Pedicels length of cal. Petals obov. Siliq. erect torose smooth not thickened at edge, Lvs. ovatelanc. toothed
91.63 Pedicels glandular hairy length of cal. Petals obovate, Leaves oblong blunt and stem simple ciliate hispid
9164 Pedic scarcely so longascal. Petals obovate, Leaves somewhat radical somewhat fleshy lanc. Scape simple
1418. Rapistrum; that is to say, resembling Rapa. A genus very near Cakile, from which it differs in
having yellow flowers, and leaves not fleshy, and more or less hairy:
1419. Chorispora. From x~elf, separately, and grees, seed; each seed being enclosed separately in the pod,
This differs from Raphanus in having flat decumbent cotyledons, not folded incumbent ones. Little annual
-
plants.
1430. Malcomia. Named after Mr. William Malcolm, an eminent nurseryman in the neighbourhood of
London, and a person of some botanical
M. maritima is a common annual, which, sown at dif
ferent
or leftFrom
to sowirrigvs,
itself, will
be in flower
nearly
allisthe
year.
1421.times,
Hesperis.
the evening.
The
flower
more
fragrant towards evening than at other pe
riods of the day. H. matronalis, in its double varieties, is rather difficult to keep, and to be yearly
-
renewed by cuttin
it prefers a strong loamy soil; and it has been remarked, that it neither thrives in the
neighbourhood of London or Paris.
N n 3
N in
TETRADYNAMIA.
550
1422. SISYM/BR1UM. L. Sisy Manium.

Hedge-Mustard
916.5 officinle Scop.
9166 strictssimum L. spear-leaved y.
9167 j(inceum Bieb.
rushy
y:
9168 hispnicum Jacq. Spanish
*:
9169 obtusan'gulum W. obtuse-angled
9170 sinapoides R.Br.
Pyrenean
w:
9171 austriacum Jacq. Austrian
y:
B Eckartsbergnse W. Austrian
9172 I'rio L.
London Rocket
Columna's
9173 Colum'nae Jacq.
tal/
g altissimum L.
oriental
2 orientle L.
9174 pannnicum Jacq. Hungarian
rough-podded
9175 asperum L.
Flix-weed
9176 Sophia L.
917.7 milleflium H. K. Milfoil-leaved ri.
91.78 tanacetiflium L. Tansy-leaved if
91.79 supinum L.
9180 polycertium L.
9181 rigidum Bicb.
9182 bursiflium L.
9183 pinnatifidum Dec.
9184 integriflium L.
dwarf
Dandelion-lvd.
stift'
various-leaved
Class XV.

Britain was.gr. S
Ow 1, my.jl Y
Switzerl. 1658. D
A un 3 jn.au Y
Hungary 1820.
CD un 2 my.jn Y
Spain
O) un 11 myjn Y
my.au Y
Switzerl. 1823.
O un
CD un * jnji
Y
Pyrenees 1791.
O un 13 jn.au Y
Austria
1799.
Y
Austria 1799.
Q) un * jn.jl
my.au Y
England walls.
O w
O un 2 jn.jl
Y
Italy
1796.
Y
Siberia
1759.
O un 2 au
O un 2 jl.au Y
Levant
1739.
O un 2 jl.au
Pa.Y Hungary 1787.
S. France 1778.
O un * my.jn Y
Y
Britain was.gr.
O un 1 jl
Canaries 1779.
L J pr 13 my.s Y
Y
Italy
1731.
a un 3 jn.jl
O un #jn.jl
W.
S. Europe 1778.
O un # jn.jl
Y
S. Europe 1633.
O un #jn.jl
W. Crimea 18:
Co
co
co
#
'
O un
Eng bot. 735

Jac. aust.2 t 194
Wal& Kit t-234
Jac.ic.ra.1. 1.124
Mor. s.3. t.5.f.10
Jac. wind. S. t. 97
Jac. aust-3.t.262
Eng bot. 1631

Jac. aust 4. t.323
Walth.hort.t.*
Jac.ic. 1. t. 123
Bauh.his.2858.3
Eng. bot. 963

Jac.ic. l. t. 127
Zanon.hist t. 72
Isnact par-t-18
Jac. vind. I. t.79
S. Europe 1732.
Dillel.t.148.f.177
y: A un # jn.jl
W.
S. Europe 1820.
if O un * jn
W.pu Siberia
1822.
1423. ALLIARIA. Adans.
HEDGE GARlic.
Cruciferae. Sp. 2.
y: A w. 3 my
W
Britain
hed.
9185 officinlis Andrz. Conimon
Erysimum Alliaria L.
Iberia
1824.
9186 brachycrpa Bieb. short-fruited A un 1 jl.au W
Hedge-Mustamp.
t1424. ERY'SIMUM. L.
9.187 sessiliflrum R. Br. sessile-flowered x. A un 2 jn.jl
Y
Siberia
1794.
O un 2 jl.au Y
9188 angustiflium Ehr. narrow-leaved
Hungary 1800.
y: O un 2 myjn Y
9189 cuspidtum Dec. cuspidate
Hungary 1822.
Austria
1795.
91.90 odortum R. Br.
fragrant
O un 1: jl.au Y
Y
Portugal 1807.
9191 virgtum Roth.
twiggy
y: CD un 1* jl
Armenian
y: A or
919.2 ibricum Dec.
my
Y
Armenia 1803.
All ped. t.57. f.3
Cheir armeniacus Sims.

9193 cheiranthoides L. treacle
small-flowered
91.94 repndum L.
Swiss
91.95 helvticum Dec.
9196 diffusum Ehr.
Alpine
919.7 lanceoltum R.Br. spear-leaved
doubtful
9198 dubium Dec.
9199 asperum Dec.

9200 alpinum Baumg.
# jn.jl
W.
pinnatifid
entire-leaved
rough
Alpine
y:
y:
to:
y:
is
y:
O un
O un
ODun
A un
O un
O un
O un
A un
13.jl.au
1 my.jn
11 my.jn
my.jl
my.jl
14 my.jl
my.jn
* myjn
#
''
Y
Y
Y
Y
P.Y.
fields.
Spain
1772.
Switzerl. 1793.
1823.
N. Amer. 1822.
Y
W
Eng.bot. 796
co
L'Hestir.l. t.44
Plrar.hung.t.g.8
Bux. cent.33.fl.
Bot. mag.835
Britain
Eng bot. 942
S. Europe 1731.
S. Europe 1597.
Jac. aust. 1. t.22

Jac. vind. 3. t. 9
Jac. aust. l. t. 75
Jac. aust. l. t. 74
Germany 1793.
Vildauph.3.t-36
England cliffs. S
Eng. bot. 1804
Brassica alpina L.
Hare's Ear
9201 orientle R. Br.
austriacum Baumg.
O un 1 jn
1425. CAMELINA. Crantz. Gold of Pleasure.

cultivated
O ec
9.202 sativa Crantz.
9:03 dentta Pers.
tooth-leaved
O un
Austrian
O un
92.04 austriaca R.Br.
1426. NES Ll A. Dest.
Neslia.
9205 paniculta Desv.

panicled
O un
Myagrum paniculatum L.
*1427 CORO'NOPUS, Smith. WArt Cress.
lesser
O w
9206 didyma Sm.
$9207 Ruel'lii All.
Star of the Earth Ow

Britain cornfi. S
1 my.jl Y
1 myji Y
Europe 1806. S
Austria 1795. S
1 jn.jl
Y
Cruciferae. Sp. 1.
13.jl.au Y
Europe 1688. S
Eng. bot. 1254

Bauh. his 2.895
Jac. aust. 2..t.111
Gaert.se.2. t.141
2.
Cruciferae. Sp.
+jl.au W
England rubbish.S
Britain ro.si. S
+ jn.au W
Eng. bot. 248

Eng. bot. 1660
1422. Sisymbrium. , Xirou8612, was the name given by the Greeks to some aquatic plant not now recognized.
It appears to have had an agreeable smell. Ovid advises that Venus should be propitiated with garlands
of myrtle, of roses, and of Sisymbrium. S. officinale is a celebrated medicinal plant, and esteemed diuretic,
detersive, and expectorant, and prescribed in asthma and hoarseness, whence the French call it Herbeaux
chantres
1123. Alliaria. From allium, garlic, in allusion to the smell of the leaves of this plant, for the sake of
which it was formerly used in salads.
1424. Erysimum. From teva', to cure, on account of the salutary effects of this plant in medicine. It is even
now reckoned a powerful cure for the sore throat. The plant of the ancients appears to have been our garden
cress, for Pliny says the Gauls called his Erysimumm "clar, and the garden cress is to this day called vilhar in
CLAss XV.
TETRADYNAMIA.
551
9.165 Leaves runcinate hairy, Stem hairy, Siliques subulate appressed to the rachis
9166 Leaves lanceolate stalked toothed pubescent
*167 Leaves smooth glaucous: lower stalked runcinate pinnatifid; upper linear lanceolate entire
s' 168 Leaves lanc. toothed sessile smooth, Stem branched divaricating, Siliques erect roundish smooth [base
9169 Leaves pinnated, Lobes oval oblong blunt sinuate-toothed with rounded recesses, Stem hispid backward at
9170 Stem and Ivs. smth. : rad, runcin.; caul. pinnatifid, Lobes and recesses acute, Cal. much spread. Pods rough
9171 Stem pods and Ivs. smooth: rad. runcin.; cauline cut or pinnatifid, Lobes and recesses acute, Cal spreading
9172 Stem and leaves smooth runcinate pinnate, Lobes toothed terminal elongated, Cal and pods spreading erect
9173 Stem villous somew. hoary, Leaves runcinate pubes. Lobes toothed or ent acute, Pods nearly erect, Cal. lax
9.174 Lower leaves runcin hispid with toothed lobes: upper pinnated smooth with lin, ent lobes, Pods spreading
9175 Lvs. smth. pinnat with obl. blunt somew, tooth, lobes, Pedic, very sh. Pods muric rough point, with sh, style
9176 Leaves bipinnate with oblong linear cut lobes, Pedicels 4 times as long as calyx, Petals smaller than calyx
9.177 Leaves about 3-pinnate hoary with very small blunt lobes, Stem shrubby, Petals larger than calyx
9.178 Lvs. pinnated, Segm. lanc. cut serrated: outer confluent, Petals larger than calyx, Pods shorter than stalk
9.179 Pedic. axillary very short solitary, Pods erect downy, Leaves sinuate pinnatifid, Stem downy backwards
9180 Pedic about 3 axill. very short, Pods erect smooth, Lvs. sinuate runein. Lobes acute toothed lowest largest
9181 Pedic. very short axill, or naked, Pods and stems erect hispid, Leaves smoothish obl acutely runcin-pectin.
9.182 Leaves lyrate pinnatifid smooth, Stem erect leafy, Pedicels thick shorter than calyx
9183 Rad. leaves lyrate: cauline pinnat. Lobes linear ent term. largest, Pedic slender almost shorter than alyx
91.84 Leaves linear entire, Branches and pedicels glandular and hairy, Pods glandular
9185 Leaves cordate, Pods prismatical much longer than pedicel
9186 Leaves ovate roundish, Pods lanceolate the length of their stalk
91.87 Pods length of style: when young covered by the persistent calyx, F1 sessile, Leaves linear entire
9188 Pods much longer than style when young having a persistent calyx, Fl. subsessile, Leaves linear entire
9189 Pods thrice as long as style 2-edged naked, Fl. on short stalks, Leaves
lanceolate sinuate toothed
''
*190 Leaves lanc. toothed pubescent with a 3-parted down, Stem branched, Pods lax, Stigma 2-lobed [of pod
9191 Lvs. obl.lanc. somew.tooth.pub with 3-part down, Stem straight round, Length of style great. than breadth
9192 Lower leaves runcinate toothed: upper lanc. undivided, Fl. branches and pods comp.4-cor. erect spreading
9193 Lvs. lanc. somew. toothlet. roughish green, Pods erect spread twice as long as stalk, Stigma small subsessile
91.94 Leaves linear lanc. repand-toothed, subpubes. Pods spreading torulose scarcely thicker than short pedicel
919.5 Lvs. lin. entire and stem cinereous with appressed 2-parted hair, Pods somew. erect, Stigma stalked emarg.
9196 Lvs.linent or somew.tooth.somew. hoary with 2-part hair, Claws long. than cal. Pods erect, Stig near sess.
9197 Lower lvs. lanc. toothed: upper somewhat linear entire, Petals roundish obovate, Claws longer than calyx
9198 Leaves lanceolate toothed narrowed at base, Petals obovate oblong, Pods
Style scarcely any
919 Leaves lin. obl. : lower toothed runcin. and stem pubesc, rough, Pods spreading, Style very short and thick
9:200 Leaves membranous smoothed: cauline cordate sagittate stem-clasping oblong; radical stalked-ovate
s201 Rad. lvs. obov.: cauline cordate stem-clasping, all bluntsmooth glauc. Sides of squarestalk without nerves
9.202 Pods cuneate pyriform with 4 ribs and a longish style, Leaves lanceolate nearly entire
920s Pods roundish pyriform with 4 ribs and a longish style, Leaves repand toothed
9.204 Pods globose,
ves oblong serrate toothed bluntly stem-clasping at base, Stem smooth
9206 Leaves pinnatifid, Lobes oblong toothed or cut, Pods compressed twin netted
9.207 Lvs. pinnatifid, Lobes ent toothed or pinnatifid, Pods somew. acute compressed with crested rugose valves
*
the Basque tongue, and in other dialects of France , or veler. From the sceds of E. perfoliatum, a plant
not
known
in this country, oil for lamps is expressed in Japan.
"#.
Camelina; that ''. say, chamae-linum, dwarf flax. C. sativa is cultivated in many parts of Europe
for the seeds, from which oil is obtained. For of ure see Parmentier, in Roz. Cours d'Agric.,
-
v. xi. p. 291.
Bosc. Dict dAgr. 3. p. 45.
Galliz
...Agr. 3. p. 170.
# Neslia. A name first employed by M. Desvaux, but not explained by him. A genus allied to Ca
melina, but well distinguished by its one-seeded indehiscent silicles.
1427. Coronopus. From 22e2m, a crow, and rus, a foot. The leaves are deeply cut, and resemble the feet of
a bird Coronopus Ruellii was formerly gathered and used as a salad, but has long since been deservedly
neglected. C. niloticus is said, by Delile, to be used in Egypt for the same purpose.
-
N n 4
552
1428. LEPI/DIUM. L.
TETRADYNAMIA.
Peppenwont.
Whitlow
Sy
9209 chalepnse L.
Aleppo
9210 glastiflium Desf woad-leaved
9211 coronopiflium Fisch. Buckshorn-lv. Sy
9208 Drba L.
9212 sativum L.
common Cress
9218 campstre R. Br.
hoary field
hairy
Prickly
Wirginian
214 hrtum Smith.
92.15 spinsum L.
92.16 virginicum L.
9217 subultum L.
9218 ruderle L.
awl-leaved
narrow-leaved
9219 vesicrium L.
92.20 perfolitum L.
various-leaved
bladdery
Spanish Cress
9222 divaric. tum H. K. close-spiked
9223 bonarinse L.
Buenos Ayres
224 piscidium Forst.
Fish-poison
92.21 Card-mines L.
92.25 oleraceum Forst.
eatable
922.6 lyrtum L.
lyrate
broad-leaved
92.7 latifolium L.
9:28 crassiflium W.&K thick-leaved

92.29 graminiflium Cav. bushy
9:30 Iteris L.
diandrous
1429. AETHIONE/MA. R.Br.

9231 saxatile R. Br.
92.92 Buxbatimii Dec.
9234 armna L.
9.285 lusitnica Brot.
AEthioxEMA.
O cu
9236 alpina All.

92.37 praecox Kit.
92.88 littorlis Stev,

92.39 tinctria L.
9240 campstris Stev.

924I canscens D. C.
s ibrica Stev.
9242 alppica Scop.
1431. MYA'GRUM. I
243 perfolitum L.
1432. BRAS'SICA. L.
9244 olercea L.
perfoliate
co
Zorn ic. 16
co
co
Co
co
Sp. 3-9.
1823. S co
Pa.pu Spain
1778.

1: jl.au Y
Levant
1825.
1 my
Y
Portugal 1822.
jn.jl
Y
Italy
1800.
my.jn Y
Hungary 1822.
1 myjn Y
Tauria
1823.
4 myji Y
England cornfi.
13 myjn Y
Persia
1824.
1 myjn Y
S. Europe 1822.
1 my jn Y
Iberia
1823.
1 jn.jl
Y
Levant 1739.
Cruciferae. Sp. 1.
''
O prijnji
Pa.Y. France
Cruciferae.
2 ap.jn Y
Eng bot. 182
Hungary 1820. D co W. et kit, 1. t 4

Europe 1683. D co Cav. ic. 151, f. 2
Germany 1793. S co Lob. ic. 223
jl.au
* O.) cu
Jac.aust. 4. t.346
co Arduin sp.l..t-18
pl
co Dil.elt.286.f370
co
Sy Q) cu
C or
O or
A or
O) or
A or
Odag
A or
CD or
CD or
O or
Desf, atl. t. 147
co Eng. bot. 1385

co Eng bot. 1803
co
co Sch. ham. 2..t.180
p.l D. Assoar.t-fifs
co Eng. bot, 1595
co Bux. cent 1.t:25
Papu Levant
CABBAGE.
Common
Cructferee.
3.jn.jl
F
Jac. aust. 4t.315
jn.jl
Sy
SY
sea side
St
common dyer's Sy
field
SY
hoary
S
Iberian
Y
oriental
MYAGRUM.
f
'
co
co
co
co
O cu
WoAn.
Armenian
Portugal
Alpine
early

1 my.jn W
Europe 1596. D
1 my.jl W
Aleppo 1798. S
14 my.jl W
Barbary 1823. S.
my.jl W
Siberia
1824. D
1* in.jl
W
......
1548. S
jn.jl
W
Britain fields. S
jn.jl
W.
Britain fields S
1 s
W
Levant 1787. S
I jn.jl
W
America 1713. S
i jl.au
W.
Spain
1739. S
1 jn.jl
W.
Britain sea co. S
13 ap.au W
Crimea 1820. S
jl
W
Austria 1640. S.
it jn.jl
W.
Spain
1789. C
my.au W.
C. G. H. 1774. C
24 myjn W.
S. Amer. 1732. S
1 s
W
Society Isl.1779. S
3 s
W.
N. Zeal. 1824. S
23 jn.jl
W.
Levant
S
2 jn.jl
W.
Britain sea co. D
A un #my.jn W.
Y: A un 2 aus W.
O un 13 jlau W
rock
Buxbaum's
92.33 monosprmum R.Br.one-seeded

1430. ISATIS. L.
A un
O un
O un
a un
O cul
O un
3. Ow
O un
O un
* - un
O un
O un
O un
w. C.) un
n-u i un
O un
O ec
O cul
O un
ic A un
CLAss XV.
Jac.aust:3t:336
Bu, cen, 1.t5.f. 1
S co
S co
Desv. 3. t.25. f6
S co
D. s.1
All ped. t.86.f 2
S. co
D co
S. s.1
Eng bot 97
D co
S co
Buxb cent. 1..t5
S co
S. s.l
Scop, ins. 2. t. 16
-
1648. S co Sch. han.2 t 178
Sp. 1234.
England cliffs. S. r.m Eng. bot. 637
92.30
1428. Lepidium. From xeric, a scale. The form of the silicles is that of little scales. L. piscidium is used
by
the natives of the Society Islands for the purpose of catching fish by inebriating them. It was used by the
English voyagers as a salad, but it was very pungent I. oleraceum is a powerful antiscorbutic, and is found
of great service to the crews of ships visiting New Zealand; it resembles lettuce in taste, and acts as a moderate
aperient. I. sativum, the common garden cress, is a salad-plant known to every one, and which even the
cook can cultivate on moistened cloth or wool in a moist heat. Watering with water, impregnated with mu
riatic acid gas, or electrifying, will facilitate the germination and developement of the
S.
14:9. AEthionema. So named by Mr. R. Brown, apparently in allusion to some tawny or sunburnt tinge in
the stamens. From 213a, to scorch, and vowa, a stamen. Smith.
1430. Isatis. From urozza, to render equal. The plant was believed to destroy, by its simple application, all
roughness and inequalities of the skin. It was formerly called glastum, from the Celtic glas, blue, whence
Glastonbury derived its name. The ancient Britons colored themselves with the blue preparation obtained
from this plant, whence they received their appellation, Britho being the Celtic word for to paint. The Picts
were so named by the Romans for the same reason. On account of the brightness of its manufactured colors
the Celts called it gwed guesde, French, at this day), whence the Anglo-Saxons obtained their name of wand
or wad, and the English the word woad. I. tinctoria is in occasional cultivation for its leaves, from which a
dye, as a substitute for indigo, is obtained. The seeds are sown on well prepared land in good heart; fresh broken
old pasture land is preferred; and the great object is to have large leaves; for which purpose, as Miller observes,
the culture given by the best gardeners to spinage should be imitated, that of sowing on a very rich well pul
verised soil, thinning the plants so as they may not touch each other, keeping them perfectly clear of weeds
and frequently stirring the soil between the plants.
The culture applied to the turnip in
Northumberland
would succeed well with woad. The seeds are sown in July, and the plants, when they come up, weeded and
thinned , next July, or earlier, the first crop of leaves may be gathered, and two or three others will be ob
* - - - -
CLAss XV.
TETRADYNAMIA.
553
|
9208 Pods cordate somewhat turgid entire at the end exceeded by the style, Leaves stem-clasping lanc. toothed
9209 Pods elliptical twice as long as stalk, Style filiform, Leaves with acute stem-clasping lanceolate auricles
9210 Pods ellipt smooth shorter than stalk, Style filif Leaves with blunt stem-clasping obl. bluntly toothed auric.
921: Pods ellipt. ent somew. downy pointed with style, Cal. somew, persistent, Rad. lvs. pinnat.: caul. lin. ent.
92.12 Pods orbicular winged, Leaves variously divided and cut, Branches not spiny
9213 Pods ovate winged emarginate scaly, Cauline leaves sagittate toothed
9214 Pods ovate winged emarginate hairy, Cauline leaves sagittate villous nearly entire
9215 Pods oblong winged emarginate about 2-horned smooth, Radical heaves pinnatifid with cut lobes
9216 Pods orbic. emarg. shorter than stalk, Flowers with 2-4-stamens, Caul. lvs. lin. lanceol. cut-serrate smooth
9217 Pods ovate somewhat emarginate, Leaves subulate entire, Stem 3 shrubby
9218 Pods ovate emarg. spreading shorter than stalk, Leaves smooth: radical pinnatifid, Fls. diandrous apetal.
9219 Pods elliptical slightly emarginate, Leaves pinnatifid, Lobes linear, Joints of stem inflated
92.20 Podsellipt slightly emarg. Lower lvs. stalked pinnatifid with multifid lobes: upper cord. amplexicaulentire
92.21 Pods oval somewhat emarginate, Leaves pinnatifid with oval entire lobes: terminal large roundish
92.22 Pods oval somew.emarg. approximat. Lower leaves pinnati with spread. acute lobes, Stem much branched
9223 Pods orbicular emarginate, Flowers diandrous, Leaves all pinnately multifid minutely ciliated
9:24 Pods oblong obovate emarginate, Stigma exserted, Leaves oval-oblong toothed outwardly or entire
92.25 Pods ovate acutish, Leaves smooth ellipt-oblong deeply serrated: upper entire somewhat serrated at end
92.26 Pods ovate pointed with stigma, Lower lvs. stalked lyrate pinnatifid, '' cut toothed: term. very large
9227 Pods ovate pointed with the stigma, Leaves ovate lanceolate undivided subserrate, lowest on long stalks
92.28 Pods evate pointed with stigma, Leaves smooth somew, fleshy entire, Rad. stalked ovate: caul sess sagitt.
92.29 Podselliptical pointed with stigma, Stems shrubby, Radical lvs. obov. obl. toothed: cauline linear entire
92.30 Pods ovate pointed with stigma, Rad. leaves cut or pinnatifid: cauline linear entire, Stem much branched
9231 Silicles 2-celled many-seeded obcordate, Valves winged at back and entire, Racemes in fruit lax
92.32 Silicles 2-celled 2-seeded round emarg. at base and end, Racemes very close, Valves winged at back and ent.
92.33 Silicles 1-celled 1-seeded not opening emarginate at end, Leaves oval or obovate
9234 Silicles round cordate at base with a wide margin pointed with the style
9235 Silicles obov. with a broad edge cuneate at base very blunt and emarginate at end, Stem and leaves smooth
9236 Silicles oval-oblong blunt at each end with a leafy winged margin 3 times as long as broad
92.37 Silicles elliptical blunt at each end with a coriaceous winged edge three times as long as broad
92.38 Silicles obl. cuneate very blunt truncate emarginate narrowed at base, three times as long as broad
92.39 Silicles cuneate accuminate at base somewhat spatulate at end very blunt three times as long as broad
9240 Silicles oblong narrowed at base bluntish at end four times as long as broad
[at end
9.241 Silicies elongate-cuneate downy four times as long as broad and twice as long as the stalk which is obconical
9242 Silicles lin. blunt vill, with reversed down eight times as long as broad and three times as long as their stalk
9.243 The only species
9:244 Lvs. covered with glaucous pollen somew, fleshy repand or lobed even in their youngest state quite smooth
tained during the season. The end of the second year the plants may be ploughed down, as the third year
they will run to seed, and yield but small leaves.
he leaves are pressed, and the juice treated as in making
indigo (see Indigofera); but such is the cheapness of the latter article, that no British farmer can afford to raise
any sort of substitute.
431. Myagrum. An ancient plant, so named from its properties of catching flies, which the modern plant
sess; avia, a fly, area, capture.
1432. Brassica. The etymology of this word has been explained with great learning and ingenuity by Vossius,
Ray, Dalechamp, and others. # comes, however, from the Celtic bresic, which signifies a cabbage. This
genus affords the well known pot herbs and roots, and also the oil plant rape, extensively cultivated in agri
culture. There is scarcely an instance in the vegetable kingdom of a plant that produces varieties so different
does not
in appearance and qualities as the B. oleracea; comparing the original plant as it is found on our shores, with
wavy sea-green leaves, no appearance of a head, and flowering like wild mustard or charlock, with the red
cabbage or cauliflower, the difference is astonishing. A new arrangement of the cultivated species of Brassica
has been made by Professor Decandolle (Hort. Trans. vol. 1, and in his Reg. Weg), whose varieties, or races of
B. oleracea, are stated above.
The colza of the Dutch he makes a distinct species (B. campestris), and also the turnip (B. rapa); the rape
(B. napus), and the summer rape of the Germans (B. praecox).
In Hungary, in the territory of Alba, the B. elongata is cultivated for its oil, for which purpose it is said to
be better adapted than any other species.
The culture of all the Brassica tribe is so universally known that it would be a waste of space in a work of
this sort to enlarge on it. They all prefer a loamy soil, well enriched with manure; and manures of the
strongest kind, as nightsoil, offals from the shambles, blood, &c. are not found too powerful for common cabbage
or cauliflower. The turnip prefers a lighter soil than the cabbage tribe, but it must be well manured, and if the
TETRADYNAMIA.
soft
-
eacephala Dec.
Cavalier Cabbage
Thousand-headed
Cabba
Choumbellier
9245 campestris L.
field
Swedish Turnip #
Turnip
*
Rape
Kohl-reps
9249 chinnsis L.
Chinese
9.250 repnda Dec.

9251 Richrii /ill,
92.52 monensis Huds.
repand
Richer's
Isle of Man
Y:
*
9253 erucstrum L.
runcinate-leav'd
92.54 elongata Ehr.
stalk-leaved
9255 cheiranthiflra Dec. stock-leaved

a
Raphanus cheir.W.
1433. SINA"PiS. L.
Mustand.
9256 nigra L.
Common
8 targida Pers.
turgid
9.257 laevigta L.
smooth
Y:
entire-leaved
9:259.jncea L.
fine-leaved
9263.arvnsis L.
9264 orientlis L.
9265 Kber Dec.
O ag
O ag.
O cul
O) ag
O ag
O cul
A un
A un
Co un
O un
CD un
CD un
ag
ag
um
un
um
cul
un
un
w
1434. MORICANDIA. Dec. MonicaNdiA.

9274arvnsis Dec.
cabbage-flower. x: A
Brssica arvnsis L.
92.75
Dec.
92.76 hispida Dec.

92.77 erucoides Dec.
Diplotaxis.
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
England fields. S. s.1
Y
Y
S. Europe ... D co Vil, dauph.339

S. Europe ..., D co Vildauph.3t 36
Y
Y
Y
Y
S. Europe 1790. S. s.l. Bullherb 331

Hungary 1801. S. s.1 Pl: rar hults
Spain
1806. S. co W.hort-ber.t-19
Cruciferae.
4 myjn Y
4 myjn Y
2 jn.ji
Y
14 jl.au Y
jn.jl
Y
12 jl
Y
12 jn.jl
Y
jn.jl
Y
1*, my.jl Y
O un is.jnji
oriental
Persian
Allioni's
1435. DIPLOTAX/IS. Dec.
2 in
13.jn
2 ap
2 my
2 my
4 jl
#jn.au
1 jl
*-jn.au
1 jn.au
3 myjn
1 jn.au
Sweden
China
Britain
dwarf
S.
Eng, bot, 2234
co
1770. S. s.1
seash. S. s.l
# bot. 962
1"jnji
Y
2 in-ji
Y
3 jl
Y
12 myjn Y
3 jnji
Y
2 jl
Y
1 mr.ap Y
1 ap.my Y
14.jn.d
Y
Cruciferae.
12 jn
V.
Sp. 18-51.
Britain cornfi. S. rim Eng, bot. 969
Britain cornfi.
in
1769.
Indies 1804.
China
1710,
China
1782.
China
1801.
S. rim
S. co
S. co Wilhor.bert.14
-
8 co Jac, wind.2t.171
S. co Ard.spec. 1..t-10
S co
Sicily
1789. Dr.m Arduispec-1.t.9
Britain corn fi. S. s.1 Eng...bot. 1748
Levant
Persia
......
1778. S. s.1 Sch. han. 1:186

...
S.
co
1789. S. co Jac, wind.2t-168
S. Europe 1771. S co Jac. vind 24.169

Spain
1822. S. co
Britain cornfi. S. rim Eng...bot. 1677

Morocco 1804. S. r.m Scho. Maroc. t.A.
Spain
... S co
Levant
1820. S
co
Madeira 1777. C. s.l.

Sp. 1-3.
S. Europe 1739.
co Bocsic.t.25.f3,4

O un 13 fmr. Y 1823. S. co Desfatl. t. 156
O un *ap.my Y
co Deless..?...
O un 1 jn.jl
W.pu S. Europe 1736.
r.m. Jac.vind.2t.170
ndulous
ispid
...
England cornfi. S. rim Eng-bot. 2176

Britain dit-ba. S. co Eng...bot.2146
Europe 1812, 8 co
O
O
O
O
O
Chinese
O
cabbage-leaved
O
downy
y: A
Charlock
O
O un
O un
9267 incna L.
hoary-jointed Odun
9268 heterophylla Lag. various-leaved if O un
9269 Alba L.
white
O ag
9270 hispida W.
hispid
O un
9271 dissecta Lag.
cut
O un
9272 foliosa Jy.
leafy
O un
9273 frutscens H. K.
shrubby
* Ll cu
9266 Allinii Jacq.
Savoy
Brussels Sprouts, &c.
&c.
8 rutabaga Dec.
9246. Rpa L.
9247 Npus L.
9248 praecox. W. & K.
9262 pubscens L.
3 bullata Dec.
&c.
9260 chinnsis L.
9.261 brassicta L.
Class XV.
Garden Parieties.
Borecole
* costata Dec.
Chou de Milan
Chou a grosses ctes
Chou Palmier, &c.
Cove tronchuda
Sindpis erucoides L.
manure be well fermented, so much the better for the garden turnip; in the fields, where it is buried in rows
or drills, more littery dung will succeed.
The field culture of the turnip is become an important part of the agriculture of light soils; the best modeis
by drills, as in Berwickshire and Northumberland, where are produced crops of treble the weight of those grown
in the broad-cast manner in Norfolk. In the latter county a crop weighs from five to fifteen tons per acre;
in Northumberland from twenty-five to thirty tons; and in Ayrshire as many as sixty tons have been raised
on the statute acre (Encyc. of Agric.
The cabbage has been tried as
plant; but, though it has been said by Sinclair (Hortus Gram Wob.)to
-
produce more nutritive matter than either turnips or field beet, professional farmers have not found it to answer.
of all the Brassica tribe it may be observed, that they attain to much the greatest perfection in temperate
climates,
such
as those
of Britain
and Holland.
Without
andwarm
liberal
suppliesitofiswater,
theycauliflower
are small
in size, and
rigid
or stringy
in texture.
In France
and inconstant
Italy, and
climates,
only the
and broccoli that attain a large size; and that, in Italy at least, is during the coldest months of the and
aided by liberal waterings. But in Tarragona the cauliflower is said to reach the enormous weight of 40lb".
1433. Sinapis, in Greek river, said to be derived from nap, the Celtic designation of all plants resembling
the turnip or cabbage. Our English word mustard, and the French moutarde, are modernizations of must"
ardens, hot must; the sweet must of new wine being one of the ingredients of the French mustard for the
table. The seeds of all the species are hot, acrid, and will afford an oil by expression, and a powder or meal
by drying and grinding, which might serve as the condiment mustard. S. nigra is more particularly :
for the latter purpose, though it is often mixed with the seeds of S. alba and arvensis, and often with those of the
"
CLAss XV.
TETRADYNAMIA.
555
Garden Varietics.
capitata Dcc.
Battersca Cabbage
Early York Cabbage
Early Dwarf Cabbage
Sugar-loaf Cabbage
Penton Cabbage
Red Cabbage, &c. &c.
a caulo-rapa Dec.
Chou-rave, or
Kohl Rabi
* botrytis Dec.
Cauliflower
Brocoli, &c. &c.
Chou-rave crpue,
8:c. &c.
9245 Lvs. fleshy with glaucous bloom: the lower when young somew. hispid or ciliat, lyrate toothed; the others
[cordate amplexicaul acum.
9246 Rad leaves lyrate without glauc. bloom rough; cauline cut: upper entire
9247 Lvs. smooth coesious: radical lyrate; cauline pinnatifid and cren. cord.; upper lanc. stem-clasping
9248 Lvs. smooth coesious: radic. and lower cauline lyrate; upper cord. lanc. stem-clasping cren. Pods erect
9249 Lvs. oval nearly entire: floral amplexicaul lanc. Cal. ion:r than the claw of the betals
92.50 Radic leaves fleshy smooth repand toothed, Scapes naked, Style slender distinct from silique
9251 Leaves smooth: lower stalked obl: somewhat toothed; upper linear ianc. few
9.252 Leaves smooth somewhat fleshy glauc. pinnated with line:r distant somewhat toothed lobes
9253 Leaves runcinate somewhat smooth, Lobes unequal bluntly sinuated, Stem hispid at base
9.254 Leaves stalked: lower sinuate pinnatifid hispid; upper smooth toothed, Stem smooth
925.5 Rad. leaves stalked lyrate pinnatifid somewhat hispid: cauline few with entire acute lobes
9.256 Pods smooth about 4-cornered pressed to the peduncles, Lower lvs. lyrate: upper lanc, entire
B Pods turgid veiny diverging with a conical striated beak
9.257 Smooth, Lvs. stalked lyrate pinnatifid with acute lobes, Petiole not auricled at base
9278 Smooth, Lvs. ovate lanc. undivided acutely toothed, Pods erect torose with a subulate style
9:259 Smooth, Lower leaves ovate lanc. coarsely serrated: upper lanc. entire, Branches fascicled
9260 At the base and nerves hairy, Lvs. blunt cut pinnatifid, Lobes toothed, Pods erect pointed with the style
9261 Smooth, Caul. Ivs. cord. amplexicaul obl. entire: lower lyrate pinnatifid toothed, Pods spreading with a
9262 Lvs. pubesc, villous lyrate pinnatifid, Terminal lobe large ovate, Pod hairy
[conical beak
9263 Pods smooth with many angles torulose three times as long as their slender two-edged beak, Stem and Ivs.
9264 Pods hairy backwards about 4-cornered torulose shorter than the slender beak
[hairy
9265 Pods smooth round with smooth valves twice as long as the conical beak
9266 Pods smooth ovate-oblong, Valves smooth scarcely longer than conical beak
9267 Pods smooth appressed to the raceme somew.torose, Stem branch rough at base, Lvs. lyrate rough
9268 Pods downy appressed to raceme somew.torose, Stem bran. rough at base, Lvs. lyrate pinn. hispid on nerves
9269 Pods hispid spreading a little narrower than the ensiform beak, Lvs. lyrate and stem nearly smooth
9:270 Pods hispid spreading a little narrower than the ensiform beak, Lvs. lyrate rough, Stem hispid backwards
9271 Pods suberect torulose shorter than the ensiform beak, Lvs. pinnat. Lobes narr cut-toothed or pinnatifid
9272 Beak compressed very rough longer than the hispid pod, Lvs. lyrate repand angular smooth
9273 Calyx bisaccate, Lvs. coriaceous: lower oblong lanc. narrowed at base somewhat toothed
9274 Pods about 4-corncred, Cauline leaves cordate amplexicaul entire
9275 Pods pendulous stalked, Cauline leaves oblong hispid coarsely cut-toothed
9276 Pods pendulous sessile, Leaves obovate coarsely toothed hispid
2277 Pods sessile nearly erect, Style ensiform, Leavessessile runcinate lyrate toothed
9275
**)
Brassica and Raphanus genera. Both S. alba and nigra are grown as small salads to be eaten with cress; they
are sown as thick as the seede will lie, in pots or boxes, or in the area of forcing-houses, in the winter season,
and forced, or in Leds in the open air, and cut as soon as the seed leaf is fully expanded. For flower of mus
tard, or for the seed for oil or medical purposes, both white and black sorts are sown in the fields in rich well
pulverized soil, in March or April, and kept free of weeds... The crop ripens in July and August, and is either
threshed immediately or stacked like other grain. It is like other oleiferous seeds, exhausting for the soil,
and such seeds as drop and are buried, will retain their vegetative qualities for an unknown length of time;
so that where mustard has once been grown, it will come up occasionally for a century or more afterwards.
If the seeds, Dr. Cullen observes, be taken fresh from the plant and ground, the powder has little pungency,
but is very bitter; by steeping in vinegar, however, the essential oil is cooled, and the powder becomes ex
tremely pungent. In moistening mustard-powder for the table, it may be remarked, that it makes the best
appearance when rich milk is used; but the mixture in this case does not keep good for more than two days.
The seeds of both the black and white mustard are often used in an entire state medicinally. Half or a
quarter of a wine glass of mustard seeds, swallowed fasting, about five in the morning, is the most powerful
tonic and strengthener of the digestive organs which is known.
1434. Moricandia. Named by Decandolle, after his friend Stephen Moricand, author of the Flora Veneta,
and an excellent Italian botanist. M. hesperidiflora is a favourite food of the canci, notwithotanding its
intense acridity.
1435. Diplotaxis. From 2.7xes, double, and rails, arrangement, on account of the double rows of seeds in
each cell.
556
CLAss XV.
TETRADYNAMIA.
92.78 cathlica Dec.

Spanish
92.79 tenuifolia Dec.
fine-leaved
Sisym"brium tenuifolium L.
92.80 murlis Dec.
O un
* A un
O un
sand
1 ap.my Y
14.jl.o
Y
Spain
England walls. D. s.1
Eng. bot 525
11 jl.s
England san.pl. S co
Eng. bot. 1090
jn.jl
# my
* jn
Y
Y
1822. S co
Sisym"brium murale L.
9.281 Barreliri Dec.
9.282 viminea Dec.
92.83 saxtilis Dec.
1436. ERU/CA. Tourn.

9.284 sativa Lam.
9.85 vesicria Cav.
1437. VEL'LA. L.
O un
O un
St A un
small
twiggy
rock
Rocket.
stripe-flowered
bladdery
Pa.Y S. Europe 1770. S co

S. Europe ... S. co
S. Europe ... D co
Barr ic. 1016

Bocc. sic. 10
Cruciferae. Sp. 23.

O cul 1: jl
Pa.Y. S. Europe 1573. S s.l
O un 11 jl
Pa.Y Spain
1820. S co
CREss-Rocket.
9.286 pseudocytisus L. shrubby

re. LJ or
1438. CARRICHTERA. Adans. CARRichterA.
9.287 Vellae Dec.
annual
O w
Sch. han.9. t186

Asso arr. t. 4
Cruciferae. Sp. 1.
3 ap.my Y
Spain
1759. C co
Cruciferae. Sp. 1.
#jn.jl
Pa.Y England san.fi. S. s.l
Cav. ic 1. t. 42
Eng bot. 1442
Wella annua L.
1439. SUCCO'W1A. Mnch. Succowia.

Cruciferae. Sp. 1.
9.288 balcrica R. Br.
Minorca
O prijn.jl
Y
Minorca 1781. S. s.l. Jac. vind.2. t. 144
1440. ZILLA. Forsk.
Zilla.
Cruciferae. Sp. 1.
9289 myagroides Forsk. spiny
* - cu 2 mr
Li
Egypt
1822. C. co Vent.malm. t.16
1441. CALEPINA. Adans. CAlepix A.
Cruciferae. Sp. 1.
92.90 Corvini Desv.
rugose
O cu 13 apjn W.
S. Europe ... S co Brot phyt. t. 42
1442. CRAMBE. W.
SEA Kail.
92.91 maritima L.
common
* A cul
9292 pinnatifida R. Br. smooth-winged 2% za un
9293 orientlis L.
oriental
* a un
92.94 Tatria Jacq.
Tartarian
* a cul
92.95 aspera Bieb.
rough
* a un
9296 cordta W.
gigantic
* A or
9297 hispnica L.
Spanish
O un
9298 filifrmis Jacq.
Patagonian
Sy A un
9299 fruticsa L.
Madeira
* L-Jun
9300 strigsa Lher.
Canary
* L-J un
1443. RA'PHANUS. L.
9301 sativus L.
a radicula Dec.
A oblon'gus Dec.
2 oleifera Dec.
2 niger. Ilec.
9302 caudtus L.
93.13 Raphanistrum L.
9:304 Landra Morett.
930.5 maritimus Sm.
11 myjn
1 jn.jl
1 jn.jl
3 jn.jl
1 my
6 my
13 jn.jl
11 jl.au
my.n
Oil-seed
Britain
Siberia
Levant
Siberia
* O cu 3
* O cu, 3
* O cul 3
O ec 3
seash.
1759.
1752.
1789.
O
O
CD
A
Tauria
1820.
Caucasus 1822.
Spain
1683. S. s.l
Patagonia 1796. D. s.l
Madeira 1777. C s.l
D co
D co
Sch. han.2. t. 189
Jac.ic. 3. t. 504
Canaries 1779. C. s.l Jac.ic. 1. t. 120

myjn W.pu China
myjn W.pu China
my.jn W.pu China
my.jn W.pu China
cu 1 my...au
w 1} jn.jl
cu 3 jn.jl
w 3 my.jl
r.m Eng. bot. 924

s.l Jac.ic. 1. t. 128
s.l
s.l Jac, ic.l. t. 129
W.
W
W
Black Spanish : O cul 3 myjn W.pu China

long-podded
:
wild
yellow-floweredy:
#
D
D.
D.
D.
W
W
13 my.jn W
RApish.
common
long
Turnip
W.
W
W.
W.
1548. S. r.m Lam.ill. t. 566

1548.
1548.
1548.
1548.
S.
S.
S.
S.
r.m
r.m
r.m
r.m.
Pa.pu Java
1815. S co
Y
Britain cornfi. S. co
Y
Italy
1820. S co
Y
Britain seaco.
Linn, dec. 3. t. 10
Eng. bot. 856
92.84
1436. Eruca. The meaning of this word is involved in obscurity. According to Isidore, of Seville, alearned
Spaniard, who died in 636, and left a book of etymologies, eruca is an alteration of urica, derived from uro,
to burn. From eruca, the Italians formed ruchetta, the French r
ta, and the English rocket.
E. sativa is
very pungent in the foliage, and is used as a salad in the South of Europe for its aphrodisiacal powers:
Ercitat ad venerem tardos Eruca maritos.
1437. Vella. Latinized from valer, the Gallic name of the cress. A pretty low shrub, with beautiful yellow
flowers appearing in the early spring. It is hardy enough to live through the winter in a dry warm south
border.
1438. Carrichtera. An unexplained name, first used by Adanson. A small annual plant, with pinnated
leaves, and long erect racemes opposite to the leaves. Flowers small, pale yellow.
14:9. Succowia. In honor of Professor Suckow, a learned botanist of Heidelberg. An annual, with the
habit of the last, from which it differs in its subulate style and solitary seeds.
1440. Zilla. The Egyptian name of the plant, which is a large # herb, with round white branches
and oblong toothed leaves, which are boiled and caten by the Arabs like those of cabbage.
1441. Catepina. A name used by Adanson, the meaning of which is unknown. This plant has been trans
ferred by one author or another to almost every genus of Siliculose, but appears to be really akin to Crambe
only, from which it differs in its sessile and purely unilocular silicle, in its stamens having no teeth, and in
-
the outer petals being larger than the others.
1442. Crambe. One of the names applied by the Greeks to the cabbage, and especially to the marine
cabbage. C. maritima grows on sandy shores in the west of England, and there the common
le have from
time immemorial been in the practice of watching when the shoots and leafstalks begin to push up the sand
.
*
- -
CLAss XV.
TETRADYNAMIA.
557
9278 Pods sess nearly erect, Style roundish 1-2-seed. Lvs. pinnatif with cut lobes and lin. sinuate toothed segm.
9279 Pods somewhat stalked erect, Style filif short without seeds, Upper lvs. entire lower pinnatifid compound
9.280 Pods sess erect, Style short somew. filif Rad. Ivs. toothed or lyrate smooth, Stems nearly naked ascending
9.281 Pods sess erect, Style short somew. filif Rad. lvs. runcinate toothed hispid, Stems naked erect
9.282 Pods sess erect, Style short somew. filif Rad. lvs. lyrate ''. blunt smooth, Stems naked decumbent
9.283 Pods sess. erect narrowed at base, Style short conical, Rad. Ivs. pinnatifid thickish with entire lobes
9.284 Lvs. lyrate pinnated with toothed acute lobes, Stem hirsute, Pedicels shorter than deciduous calyx
9.285 Lvs. pinnatifid, Lobes acute nearly entire, Stem hirsute, Calyx persistent somewhat bladdery

9291 Long filaments forked, Pod blunt, Leaves roundish sinuated wavy toothed glauc. and stem quite smooth
9292
929.3
9294
92.95
9296
Long filaments forked, Pod blunt, Leaves pinnatifid with obl. acute toothed lobes, Stem smooth
Long filaments forked, Pod blunt smooth, Leaves pinnatifid toothed rough, Stem smooth
Long filam. forked, Pod blunt, Rad. lvs. decompound, Pinnae cut toothed: younger rough; old and stem
Long filam. forked, Pod blunt rugose, Lvs. pinnated with obl.lin. toothed lobes and stem rough
Long filam forked, Pod nearly blunt, Lvs. stalked toothed: lower cord.; upper ov. and stem nearly smooth
9297 Long filam, toothed, Pod blunt, Lys lyrate rough, Terminal lobe cord. orbicular
9298 Long filam. scarcely toothed, Pod blunt, Lvs. pinnate-lyrate hairy, Terminal lobe ovate
9299 Long filam. toothed on one side, Pod mucronate, Lvs. lyrate pinnatifid toothed hoary
9300 Filam, not toothed, Pod mucronate, Lvs. ov. toothed unequal and somew. auricled at base and stem hispid
9301 Pods round torose acuminate scarcely longer than stalk
930.2 Pods depressed acuminate decumbent longer than the whole plant
9303 Pods 1-celled jointed striated 3-8-seeded longer than the style, Lvs. simply lyrate
9304 Rods 1-celled jointed substriated 2-6-seeded longer than the subulate style, Lvs. interruptedly lyrate
9:305 Pods 1-celled jointed striated 2-6-seeded, Style conical shorter than the last joint, Lvs. interrupted lyrate
W ||
and gravel, in March and April; when they cut them off under ground, as is done in gathering asparagus, a
boil them as greens. About the middle of the last century the plant was first introduced #:
on deep sandy soil, and blanched either by sand, ashes, litter, or by covering with flower pots, earthen pots
made
on purpose, or # opaque cover. It is now almost as universal in good gardens as asparagus, and like
it is forced either by taking up the roots and planting them on a hotbed, or in the border of a forcing house
or by covering or surrounding them with litter in the open garden. Before covering a bed with warm iitter.
each plant or stool of plants is covered with an earthenware blanching pot, or a wicker case, to keep off th
dung from the young shoots, and to ensure their being blanched. No plant is so easily forced; and, unlike
asparagus, it yields produce the first spring after raising from seed.
*
G. tataria is called by the Hungarians Tatar-Kenyer or Tartarian bread, and its root, stripped of the bark
and sliced, is eaten with oil, vinegar, and salt. The boiled root is sweet, and eaten by children. The young
shoots are boiled like those of sea kail, and have an excellent taste, but are stringy, which they would not be
if well cultivated, which the plant appears to deserve.
1443. Raphanus. - From #2, quickly, and causewa, to appear, on account of the rapidity of its germination
and arriving at perfection. R. sativus is a well known salad root, requiring a deep sandy soil to attain a large
size, There are several varieties both of the spindle-shaped and globular rooted kinds, and a very distinct
sort known as the black or Spanish, radish. In the Horticultural Transactions, sixteen varieties are men.
tioned besides subvarieties, arranged as spring, summer, turnip, autumn, and winter radishes. They are all
ure, and the spring, summer, and turnip sorts force well on hot-beds, or on dung-beds covered
with mats.
or tree
radish,
is remarkable
forare
theeaten
length
pod, whichofisI'
greater as
than
the whole height
igh
ofR.
thecaudatus,
plant. The
young
leaves
of R. Landra
byoftheitsinhabitants
salad.
-,
Class XV".
TETRADYNAMIA.
558
1444. BUNIAS. L.
9:06 Erucago L.
Busias.
prickly-podded
rough
Cruciferae. Sp. 3.
O un 13 jnji
Y
Austria
O un
jn
Y
Portugal
9:308 orientlis L.
oriental
* A un 14 myji Y
Levant
1445. ERUCA'RIA. Gaertn. Eaucania.
9309 alep'pica Gaertn.
Aleppo
O un 1 jLau W.pu Levant
93.10 crassiflia Del.
thick-leaved
Oun
find
W.pu Egypt
1446. HELIO'PHILA. L. Heliophila
93.11 filifrmis L.
awl-podded
to pr13 jl.au Papu C. G. H.
93.12 amplexicallis L. opposite-leaved
O priins
W.pu C. G. H.
93.13 pinnta Pahl.
wing-leaved
O pr1; jns
Y.Br. C. G. H.
93.14 pilosa Lam.
hairy
O pr
mys B
C. G. H.
9315 digitta L.
digitate
O pr1 mys B
C. G. H.
9316 coronopiflia L.
Buck's-horn-lv. y: Culpr 1* injl
V
C. G. H.
9317 foeniculcea R.Br. Fennel-leaved
O pr1: jn.s
Pu
C. G. H.
93.18 crithmiflia Jy.
Samphire-leav.
O pr. ; jns
V
C. G. H.
9.319 platysiliqua R.Br. broad-podded * LI pr1 jLau Pu C. G. H.
93.20 incna H. K.
hoary
* Lipr 2 myau Pu
C. G. H.
*-u-lpr 1 ji
Y
C. G. H.
9.321 cleomoides Dec.
7 aspera. Ret:
Cheiranthus strictus
1447. SUBULA'RIA. L.
9322 aqutica L.
*1448, CLEOME. W.
9.323 Chelidnii Jy.
4 viscsa W.
dodecndra W.
-
9326 pentaphylla W.
''
1640. S. co
Jac, aust 4. t.340
... S. co
1731. D co
Gmel sib-3 to 7
1680. S. s.1 Gaese?.tlfe

1823. S. co
1774. S. sp. Jac.fr. 46.2

1792. S. s-p Ven-maim.t-lis
1768. S. sp. Jac.ic.S. t. 506
... S sp
1778.
1774.
1816.
1774.
1774.
1802.
S. sp. Her lugd. t.367

S. s.p
S-sp
C. s.p
C sp
S-co
Awlwort.
Cruciferae. Sp. 1.
water
* O cu
+jl
W.
Britain allak. S.
CleoME.
Capparideae. Sp. 1553.
Celandine-flow.
[O] pr11.jnji
R
E. Indies 1790. S.
viscid
[C] pr2 in-ji
F
Ceylon
1730. S.
[O] pr
W
India
1795. S
three-leaved
five-leaved
[C] pr
jn.jl
W
India
1640. S.
#:
9:7 giganta. W.
gigantic
* Dipre jn.jl
9328 spinsa W.
white-fl. prickly* Olpr 2 jn.jl
9329 pangens W.
red-fl. prickly y: [O] pr2 jl.au
spinosa B.M. 1640.
9330 Houstoni H. K.
Houstoun's
[C] pr
jl
9331 violcea W.
violet-colored
O pr1
9332 rsea Dec.
rose-colored
[O]pr 15 jn.]
9333 ornithopodioides W. bird's-foot
O pr1 jn.jl
93.34 arbica W.
Arabian
O pr2 jn.jl
9335 monophylla W.
simple-leaved
[C] prijn.jl
y: [A] pr
jn.jl
9336 procambens W.
procumbent
9337 pubscens B. M.
pubescent
O prly jl
G.
W.
R
m.s Eng-bot. 732
s.p
s.p
s-p
sp.
S. Amer. 1774. C. s.p
W. Indies 1731. S. sp.
W. Indies 1812. S. s.l.
W. Indies 1730,
Portugal 1776.
1825.
W.Y. Levant 1732.
# #
Brazil
Y
Y
Y
W
Delegypt. 34.1.1
1786. S. sp. Lamiil 563.3
Arabia
1794.
Rheemal.9. t.33
Burzey-t-100-ft
Jac. wind.1, t21
Jac.obs. 4. t. 76
Marcg.bras, t-S4
W.ho..ber.1.t.18
8 s.1
S. s.l. Sc.han 2 til89.b.
Sco Bot reg.960
S. s.l.
S. s.l.
Dil.elt.266-1.345
Lin, filfasc. t.8
E_Indies 1759. S. s.l. Burzey.t.100te

W. Indies 1798. D. s.l. Jac, amer, t. 120
...... 1815. S. s.l. Bot mag 1857
| 9309
History,
Use, Propagation, Culture,
1444. Bunias. From ever, a hill, because the plants grow upon exposed open situations.
1445. Erucaria.
See Eruca, No. 1437.
Linn.
Plants with the habit of Cakile.
1446. Heliophila. From uar, the sun, and clasa, to love; a plant loving heat. All the species grow "Pon
dry hot plains at the Cape of Good Hope. These are mostly beautiful annual or perennial plants.
CLAss XV.
TETRADYNAMIA.
559
9306 Pods 4-cornered: angles crested, Radical leaves runcinate

9.307 Pods 4-cornered: angles crested, Leaves all lanceolate
9.308 Pods ovate 2-celled not crested somewhat warted
9309 Pod style-bearing, Lvs. pinnated, Lobes linear: of the lower pinnatifid, of the upper cntire
93.10 Stigma sessile, Beak longer than pod, Lvs. pinnated thick, Lobes linear
9311 Smooth, Pods rounded narrowed at each end, Leaves linear subulate
9312 Smooth, Pods moniliform, Lower lvs. opp.: upper altern cord. stem-clasping obl. entire
9313 Smooth, Pods moniliform
Lvs. pinnated in 3-5-pairs, Lobes linear entire
96.14 Hispid, Pods linear, Lvs. hairy either linear entire or trifid at end and cuneate at base
9315 Hispid, Pods linear, Lvs. oval entire or here and there coarsely cut-toothed
931.6 Smooth, Pods linear, Leaves pinnated, Lobes and rachis linear entire
9317 Downy, Pods linear spreading, Lvs. pinnated or bipinnated: lobes filiform
9318 Velvety, Pods linear nodding, Lvs. pinnated somewhat fleshy: lobes subfiliform furrowed above
9.319 Smooth, Pods linear erect or pendulous, Lvs. fleshy half round
9:20 Pods linear compressed velvety, Style thick conical smooth, Leaves oblong
9.321 Pods
Leaves linear lanceolate
stalked,

g323 Polyandrous hairy, Lvs. 5-7 cuneiform rough, Racemes term. Pods filiform
9.324 Flowers dodecandrous, Leaves quinate and ternate
9.325 Flowers dodecandrous, Leaves ternate
9326 Flowers gynandrous, Leaves quinate, Stem unarmed
93.27 Flowers hexandrous, Leaves 7, Stem unarmed
9328 Flowers hexandrous, Leaves 7-5, Stem spiny
9.329 Flowers hexandrous, Leaves quinate viscid, Stem spiny
330 Prickly hexandrous, Leaves quinate and ternate: floral simple, Stigma dilated
east Flowers hexandrous, Leavesternate and solitary, Leaflets lanc lin, entire
gooz Unarmed, Lvs. 5: lower and floral 3; upper sessile ovate, Pod smooth as long as its stalk
*33 Flowers hexandrous, Leavesternate, Leaflets ovallanceolate
93.34. Flowers hexandrous, Leavesternate lanceolate blunt, Pods fusiform viscid
esco Flowers hexandrous, Leaves simple ovate-lanceolate stalked
93.36 Flowers hexandrous, Leaves simple lanceolate stalked, Stems procumbent
93.37. Unarmed pubescent, Leaves 5-7, floral simple cordate, Pod the length of the stalk
1447. Subularia. From subula, an awl, on account of the form of the leaves. A curious little aquatic, not
of common occurrence.
1448. Cleome. A name employed by Octavius Horatius, a Latin physician, who lived in the fourth century,
to designate a plant resembling Sinapis, and growing in humid places. It appears to have had no relation to
the modern plant.
MONADELPHIA.
*60
CLAss XVI.
CLAss XVI. - MONADELPHIA.
This class is distinctly characterized by the filaments being united together

the whole or a part
of their length; and for the most part consists of plants belonging to the natural orders of Malvaceae and
Geraniaceae, Jr the former, the major part are of little moment, consisting, in a great measure, of weeds or
worthless shrubs of various parts of the world. Among them, however, are some plants both of interest and
ornament, especially the beautiful Astrapaea, and the various species of Bombax and Hibiscus. The Gossy
pium, so important as producing the material of cotton, and the Adansonia or Baobab tree of Africa, remark
able for its immense size and use as an article of food, are found in this class. The Geranium, Camellia and
Passion flower are also genera of much beauty; the latter yielding the well known West Indian fruit called
the Granadilla. The common Tamarind, with which this class commences, would more properly be placed in
the next, and the succeeding genera of Paterson', Tigridia, Ferraria, and Galaxia, are in every respect, ex
cept the union of their filaments, referable to the third class.
Order 1.
We
TRIANDRIA.
Stamens 3.
1449. Tamarindus. Petals 3, ascending. Three filaments longer than the others and fertile. Legumen
1-3-celled, pulpy inside.
1430. Patersonia. Cor. tubular. Limb 6-parted, with 3 small segments. Caps. 3-celled, inferior.
1454. Ferraria. Spatha 2-leaved. Cal. O. Petals 6, wavy, curled. Filaments united at base.
Style 1.
Caps. 3-celled, inferior.

t
Tigridia. Spatha 2-leaved. Cal. O. Petals 6, the 3 outer large. Filaments united into a very long
ube.
1453. Galaxia. Spatha 1-leaved.
Cal. O. Corolla monopetalous, 6-cleft, with a long tube. Style 1. Cap
sule 3-celled, inferior.
Order 2. PENTANDRIA.
SW
Stamens 5.
1454. Waltheria. Cal. 5-fid, with a lateral deciduous 3-leaved involucre. Petals 5. Style 1. Stigma pen
cilled. Caps. 1-celled, 2-valved, 1-seeded.
1455. Hermannia. Cal. nearly naked, campanulate, 5-fid.
Pet: 5. Stamens 5. Filaments united at base,
lanceolate, frequently winged. Styles 5, cohering in one. Caps. 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded.
1456 Meiochia." Cai. 5-fid, naked, or with 1-3 bractead
5, spreading. Stam. 5, monadelphous at
base. Styles 5. Caps. 5-celled. Seeds 1-2 in each cell.
1457. Melhania. Cal 5-parted, persistent, with a 3-leaved involucre on one side. Pet. 5.
Stam. 10, alter
uately sterile: the fertile ones bearing from 1-2 anthers each.
1458. Ochroma. Cal. double, outer 3-leaved. Petals 5. Anthers antractuose.
Capsule 5-celled, many
seeded seeds involved in wool.

1459. Passiflora. Cal. 5-parted, colored.
Crown of many filiform
Petals 5 or O, inserted in the calyx.
":
Fruit stalked, fleshy.

460. Erodium. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5. Scales 5, alternate, with filaments and honey glands at the base
of the stamens. Cocci 5, 1-seeded, awned, at the base of a rostrate receptacle.
M
Order 3.
HEPTANDRIA.
.#%
Stamens 7.
1461. Pelargonium. Cal 5-parted, the upper segment ending in a nectariferous tube running down the
peduncle.
Cor. 5-petalous, irregular.

2
Order 4.
OCTANDRIA.
Stamens 8.
1462. Aitonia. Cal 4-parted. Cor. 4 petals. Style 1. Berry dry, quadrangular, 1-celled, many-seeded.
go.
2
Order 5.
1463. Geranium.
s
DECANDRIA.
~~<>
%29:5
Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5, regular.
Stamens 10.
Glands 5, honey-bearing, united to the base of the
longer filaments. Cocci 5, 1-seeded, awned, at the base of a beaked receptacle.
Order 6.
.*
-2-:
DODECANDRIA.
#9
Stamens 12.
1464. Brownea. Cal. tubular, bifid. Cor. double: outer 5-fid; inner of 5 petals. Legumen 1-celled.
1465. Monsania. Sepals 5. Pet, 5., Stamens 15, united; their cup 5-fid. Style 5-fid. Cocci 5, 1-seeded
awned, at the base of a beaked receptacle.
1466. Helicteres. Cal: tubular, obliquely 5-fid. Petals 5. Germen on a long stalk. Style about 5-fid. Caps.
5, 1-celled, many-seeded, spirally twisted.
1467. Dombeya.
Cal. double, outer 3-leaved, deciduous.
Petals 5.
Stamens 20, of which 5 are sterile.
Style 5-fid. Caps. 5, united, 1-celled, 1-many-seeded.
s:
Cal. double, outer 3-leaved, deciduous.

Petals 5. Stamens 20, of which 5 are barren.
obsoletely 5-toothed Caps. 5-celled, many-seeded, with contrary dissepiments.
1468.
469. Astrapaea. Flowers umbellate, with an involucre. Involucre many-leaved, unequal. Cal simple,
5-leaved, with 1 bract. Petals 5, convolute-closed. Stamens 25, united into a tube bearing the corolla: 5-sterile.
1470. Plerospermum. Cal, simple, 5-parted, Petals 5 stamens 20, of which 5 are sterile style cylindrical,
Stigma thickish, Caps woody, 5-celled "seeds winged.
-
CLAss XVI.
MONADELPHIA.
Order 7.
1471.
1472.
1473.
1474.
1475.
1476.
1477.
1478.
1479.
POLY ANDRIA.
561
Stamens indefinite in number.
Malope. Cal. double, outer 3-leaved. Capsules heaped without order, 1-seeded.
Malva. Cal. double, outer 3-leaved. Capsules many, 1-seeded.
Kitaibelia. Cal double, outer 7-9-fid. Caps. clustered in a 5-lobed head, 1-seeded.
Althaea. Cal. double, outer 6-9-fid. Capsules many, 1-seeded.
Lavatera. Cal. double, outer 3-fid. Capsules many, 1-seeded.
Malachra. Common calyx 3-leaved, many-flowered, large. Caps. 5, 1-seeded.
Urena. Cal. double, outer 5-fid. Capsule 5-celled, 5-partible, with close 1-seeded cells.
Pavonia. Cal. double, outer many-leaved. Stigmas 10. Capsules 5, 2-valved, 1-seeded.
Achania. Cal. double, outer many-leaved. Cor. convolute, closed. Stigmas 10. Berry 5 celled,
1480. Hibiscus. Cal. double, outer

Stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled, many-seeded.
1481. Gossypium. Cal. double, outer 3-fid. Caps. 5-celled. Seeds enwrapped in wool.
1482. Redoutea. Cal. 5-parted, surrounded by a 10-12-leaved involucre. Stigmas 3. Capsules 3-celled,
3-valved, many-seeded, with three placentas alternate with the valves, and bearing on each side woolly
seeds.
1483. Palavia. Cal. naked, 5-fid. Capsules many, 1-seeded, united in a head without order.
1484. Cristaria. Cal. naked, 5-fid. Fruit orbicular, depressed, covered with a skin, and consisting of several
carpella, 2-winged in the centre, and many-seeded.
1485. Anoda. Cal naked, 5-fid. Lobes acuminate, much spreading in fruit. Caps. hemispherical beneath,
depressed and stellate above, many-celled, with 1-celled, 1-seeded divisions.
486. Periptera. Cal. naked, 5-fid. Petals erect, spirally twisted in the tube, at length distinct. Capsule
stellate, many-celled, with 1-seeded cells.

1487.
1488.
1489.
1490.
woody,
1491.
seeded,
Sida. Cal. simple, angular. Style many-parted. Capsules several, 1 or 3-seeded.

Lagunaea. Cal. simple, 5-fid. , Style 5-fid. Capsule 5-celled, with contrary dissepiments.
Ruizia. Cal. double, outer 3-leaved. Styles 10.
10 i-cened, 2-seeded, closely cohering.
Carolinea. Cal. simple, subtruncate. Filaments ranched. Style very long. Stigmas 6. Caps.
1-celled, manv-seeded.
Adansonia. Cal. simple, deciduous. Style very long. Stigmas many. Caps, woody, 10-celled, many
with a farinaceous pulp.
1492. Bombar. Cal. Stamens 5, or many. Caps woody, 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds woolly.
Recep
tacle 5-cornered.
1493. Myrodia, Cal. naked, tubular, 4-5-toothed, bursting laterally.

a long column.
Petals oblong, linear.
Stamens with
Anthers 10-15. Capsule drupaceous, 2-3-celled, with 1-seeded cells.
1494. Gordonia.
Cal. simple.
Style 5-cornered, with a 5-tid stigma.
Caps. 5-celled.
Seeds twin, with a
leafy wing.
#:
Stuartia. Cal. simple, rotate. Petals 5. Styles 5, united or distinct. Caps. 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds
solitary or twin.
1496. Camellia.
Cal. imbricated, many-leaved, the inner leaflets largest.
1497. Barringtonia.
Cal. 2-leaved, superior.
Petals 4.
Drupe dry, large, quadrangular, with a 4-celled
nut.
1498. Gustavia.
Cal. 4-6-fid.
Petals 4-6.
Berry dry, 4-5-celled.
1499. Careya. Cal. superior, 4-fid. Petals 4. Berry many-seeded. Seeds nestling in pulp.
{) 0
562
Class XVI.
MONADELPHIA TRIANDRIA.
TRIANDRIA.
1449 TAMARINDUS. W. TAviariNd Tuee.
Leguminosae. Sp. 1.
9338 indica W.
Connlinoin
D. fr. 60 jn.
Y
India
1633. C. r.m. Jac. amer. t. 10
11450. PATERSO'NIA. R. Br. PATERsonia.

Irideae. Sp. 2-7.
9330 sericea R. Br.
silky
LA or 13 my.jl B
N. S. W. 1803. R sp Bot mag. 1041
9340 glabrta R.Br.
smooth
LA or 11 myji Pu
N. S. W. 1814. C. s.p Bot. reg. 51
+1451. FERRA'RIA. Ker. FERRARIA.

9341 undulta W.
93.42 anthersa Ker.
t1452. TIGR1/DIA. J.
9343 Pavnia P. S.
B lena Hort.
11453. GALAX'IA. W.
9.344 ovta W.
variegated
GALAxia.
oval-leaved
9345 graminea W.
A or
5 A or
LA or
various-colored
LA or
narrow-leaved . A or
9.348 elliptica W.
9349 lae'vis Schrank.
1796. O s-p Bot. mag. 532

1823. O s-p
Mexico
Sp. 2-3.
D.Y.
D.Y.
Pu
Pu
L.Y
C. G.
C. G.
C. G.
C. G.
C. G.
H. 1799.
H. 1799.
H. 1799.
H. 1799.
H. 1795.
Byttneriaceae.
2 myo Y
9 jn.au Y
3
...
Y
3 jl
Y
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Byttneriaceae.
mr.jl Y
n.d
Y
...
.
apjn Y
my...au Y
apjn Y
myau Y
Sp. 4-12.
S. Amer. 1691.
E. Indies 1799.
E. Indies 1812.
Guadalou.1823.
Bot rep. 94
Bot rep. 164
J.ic. t.291.fin-si.
Jac. f inf. dextr.
Bot. mag. 1292
C
L.
C.
C
1.p
p.1
s.p
s-p
Jac.ic. 1. t. 130
Burm. zeyl t-68
Cadis.6 t 171.f3
Schrank mom.55
Sp. 3442.
C. G. H. 1728. C Lp Bot. mag. 307

C. G. H. 1774. C lip Jac.schoe.2.t.213
C. G. H.
1822. C lip
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
1774.
1789.
1795.
1790.
N.
C
C
C
C
1. p
Lip
1.p
1. p
Jac.schoe.1.t-117
Jac.schoe.!.t.118
Cadis.6t 180.f3
Jac.schoe.1.t-119
23.
SS & \
S*
s-p
s.p
sp
sp
s.p
PENTANDRIA.
WAlthenia.
American
y: [O]un
Indian
ri. Dun
woolly
rt. Dun
smooth
*- C un
*1455. HERMAN/NIA. W. HERMANNIA.

9350 althaeifolia W.
Althaea-leaved re-u_j or
9351 plicata W.
plaited-leaved re-u_j or
9352 glandulsa Link.
glandular
*-L-J or
9353 candicans W.
white
rt-u-J or
9354 disticha JV.
round-leaved re. L or
9355 salvifolia W.
Sage-leaved
re-u- or
9356 micans W
glittering
rt. LJ or
9338
O.R Mexico
O.R.
mys
my.s
my.s
my.s
jl.au
LA, or
LA] or
1454, WALTHER1A. W.
9346 americana W.
9347 indica Jy.
my.s
my.s
Irideae.
mucronated
# 2-4.
mr.ap G.Br. C. G. H. 1755. Osip Bot. mag. 144

mr.jl G.Br. C. G. H. 1800. O s-p Bot mag. 751
Irideae. Sp. 1-2.
Tiges Flower.
Mexican
*
whole-colored
A grandiflra B. R. great-flowered
mucronularis Sal.
versicolor Sal.
Irideae.
* LA or
U LA or
curled
z:
1449. Tamarindus. Latinized from the Arabic name Tamer-hindy, or Indian date. This tree is a native of
the East and West Indies, of Arabia, and Egypt. It is a large beautiful spreading tree. The leaves are
abruptly pinnate, composed of sixteen or eighteen pairs of sessile leaflets, half an inch only in length, and one
sixth of an inch broad, of a bright green color, downy, oblong, entire, and obtuse: the flowers are in loose
bunches of five or six, which come out from the sides of the branches: the calyx is of a straw yellow color,
and deciduous: the petals also yellowish, and beautifully variegated with red veins; ovate, concave, acute,
indented, and plaited at the edge; and the filaments purplish, bearing incumbent brownish anthers: the pods
are thick, compressed, and of a dull brown color when ripe: those from the West Indies from two to five
inches long, with two, three, or four seeds: those from the East Indies are twice as long, and contain five, six,
or seven seeds: the seeds in both are flat, angular, shining, and lodged in a dark pulpy matter.
In the West Indies, the pods are gathered in June, July, and August, when
ripe; and the fruit being
freed from the shelly fragments, is placed in layers in a cask, and boiling syrup poured over it, till the cask is
filled; the syrup pervades every part quite down to the bottom; and when cool the cask is headed for sale.
(Long's Jamaica, iii. 729.) The East India tamarinds are darker colored and drier, and are said to be pre
served without sugar. Tamarinds are inodorous, and have an agreeable acid sweetish taste. The acid taste
chiefly depends on the citric acid, the quantity of that being greater than of the other. The pulp is refrigerant,
and gently laxative.
The simple infusion of the pulp in warm water, or a whey made by boiling it in milk,
forms a very grateful refrigerant beverage, which is advantageously used in febrile diseases. The dose of the
simple fruit required to act upon the bowels is so large, that it is seldom given alone as a purgative, but is
generally combined with cassia or manna, the action of which it augments, or with
of the neutral
''
purgative salts as are not decomposed by it; which is the case with those that have potass for their base, and
are therefore incompatible in mixtures with this fruit. (Thompson's London Dispensatory, 534.)
The plants thrive in loam and peat, and root under a glass in sand. They form handsome objects, but in our
stoves are seldom allowed sufficient room to flower. Miller says, he had several plants twenty years old, and
upwards, of t.tteen feet high, which never had shewed blossoms.
ORDER I.
MONADELPHIA TRIAND.R.I.A.
565
TRIANIDIRIA.
9339 Stigma deflexed, Scape and spathes silky, Leaves ensiform straight striated
9.340 Stigma deflexed, Scape and spathes smooth shining, Keel of leaves woolly at base
9.341 Stem branched. Leaves equitant ensiform equal wavy; inner twice as narrow as the outcr
9.342 Stem simple, Leaves equitant ensiform; lower narrow
9.343 Stem simple wavy, Leaves ensiform nerved. Petals flat; inner small panduriform
9.344 Almost stemless, Leaves oblong, Spathe 1-valved 1-flowered
93.45 Almost stemless, Leaves linear filiform dilated at base, Spathe 1-valved 1-flowered
PENTAND RIA.
9346
9,347
48
9349
-
Leaves oval plicate acutely and unequally toothed downy, Heads stalked
Leaves oval plicate bluntly toothed downy, Heads scssile
Leaves lanceolate oblong blunt plicate toothed downy, Heads sessile
Leaves ovate mucronate serrate and stem quite smooth, Heads stalked, Calyxcs ciliated
9350 Leaves ovate downy plicate crenate, Lower stipules ovate; upper broad lanceolate, Cal. angular
93.51 Lvs. downy hairy ovate subcord rugose denticulate, Stipules ovate acute, Cal. in fl. cylind finally inflated
9:52 Leaves oval unequally cremate subpubescent, Stipules ovate acute often cut, Stem glandular pubescent
9353
9354
9:355
9356
Leaves whitish downy round ovate crenate, Stipules lanceolate subulate, Cal. campanulate spreading
Leaves hispid-villous roundish ovate blunt toothed, Stipules subovate acuminate, Cal. angular
Leaves downy hispid rugose oblong blunt entire subsessile, Stipules long lanceolate subulate, Fls, naked
Lvs. downy hispid somew, rugose obl. very blunt a little toothed at end with sport stalks, Stip lanc.subul.
1450. Patersonia. Named after Colonel William Paterson, a gentleman whose remarks on the Cape of Good
Hope, New Holland, and Norfolk Island, have been of much service to botany. Handsome plants, which grow
readily in loam and peat, and are increased like other herbaceous vegetables.
1451. Ferraria. Named after Jean Baptiste Ferrari, an Italian botanist, author of a work on the culture
of flowers, published in 1633, &c. According to Sweet, a mixture of sandy loam and peat is the best soil for
the species, and they should be kept without water, after they have done growing, till they begin to grow
again, when they may be planted in fresh pots and regularly watered: they are increased by offsets from the
bulbs, or by seeds. (Bot. Cult. 192.)
1452. Tigridia. In allusion to the spotted flowers, which are marked something like the skin of a tiger.
Splendid plants, and tolerably hardy. They do best when planted in the soil and protected by a frame or
hand-glass; but will also thrive in sheltered borders, provided they are protected from the winter's frost.
They ripen seeds, from which, or from offsets, they may be readily increased.
1453. Galaxia. Thunberg, the author of the name, has not explained its meaning. Like other plants of
the bulbous kind, these should be kept dry after flowering and seeding. At the return of the growing
season, they should be fresh potted, and kept in a cool part of the greenhouse till they are well rooted, when
they may be put into a warmer situation and regularly watered. They seed freely.
1454. Waltheria. In memory of Augustin Frider. Walther, professor of medicine at Leipsic; author of
Hortus Proprius, 1735. The species grow in any light rich soil, and are readily propagated. They are of no
importance.
1455. Hermannia. In memory of Paul Hermann, who practised physic in Ceylon, and at the Cape of
Good Hope, and was afterwards professor of botany at Leyden.
He was born in 1640, at Halle, in Saxony,
and died in 1695. The species are low shrubs, for the most part, with wrinkled leaves and yellow flowers,
which they produce in abundance. They grow freely in any light rich soil, and are readily increased in the
same soil.
O o 2
564
9357 frgrans Link.
9.358 involucrta W.
93.59 scordiflia W.
9360 mol/lis W.
9361 denudta W.
MONADELPHIA PENTANDRIA.
fragrant
* L-J or
to u- or
Germander-lv. n-u-J or
soft-leaved
* U- or
smooth
* U or
2
2
2
2
2
9362 disermaeflia W.
simple-flower'd n U or
2 mrap Y
9363 alniflia W.
9364 cuneifolia W.
9365 holosericea W.
9366 decumbens W. en
9367 hirsuta W.
Alder-leaved n- u_i or
wedge-leaved n-u_j or
velvet-leaved re-u_j or
decumbent
rt-u_j or
7
2
2
1
involucred
...
my.jn
ap.n
myjn
my.jl
frny
au.s
my jn
myjn
...
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
hairy-branched re-u- or
2 my.jn Y
9368 scbra W.
rough-leaved
n-Li or
3 mrap Y
9369 multiflra W.
9370 flmmea W.
9371 angulris W.
9372 hyssopiflia W.
937.3 trifurcata W.
9374 odorta W.
many-flowered re-u- or
3 mr:my Y
flame-flowered re-u- or
angular
n. L-J or
3 jaid
Or
3 ap.my Y
C. G. H.
CLAss XVI.
1822. C 1.p
C. G. H. 1794. C lp Cadis.6t177 f!
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
1794.
1814.
1774.
1795.
1728.
1791.
1792.
1821.
1790.
1789.
1791.
1794.
1791.
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
lp
lip
lip
lip
1.p.
lip
lip
lip
1.p
lip
l.p
lip
lip
Jac.schoe.1.t-120
Jac.schoe.1.tle
Jac.schoe.1.t.1:1
Bot. mag.299
Jac.schoe.1.t-124
Jac.schoe.3.t-9:
Schr. s. han-1.t:
Jac.schoe.1 t-127
Jac.schoe.1.t-128
Bot. mag. 1349
Jac.schoe.1.t-126
Hyssop-leaved n-u- or
7 apjn
Str
C. G. H. 1725. C 1.p Cadis fit 181 f:
three-forked *- LI or
sweet-scented re-u_j or
3 ap.jl
3 fo
9375 lavanduhflia W.
Lavender-leav. n. LJ or 11 mys
9376 filiflia W.
9377 trifolita W.
9378 procumbens W.
thread-leaved rt. LJ or
three-leaved ri. u_J or
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
'
my.au Y
my.au Y
procumbent n-u- or 13 myjn Y

$93.79 grossularifolia W. gooseberry-lvd. n. U-jor 2 ap.my Y
9:30 pulverulenta B R powdered
rt. LJ or 2 my...au Y
$9381 incisa W.
cut-leaved
n- u-J or
9382 coronopiflia Link. buckshorn-lvd. n. L-J or
9.383 tenuifolia B. M.
slender-leaved n. LJ or
*1456. MELO'CHIA. W.
9.384 pyramidta W.
9385 tomentsa W.
9386 caracsana Jacq.
9387 corchoriflia #
1457. MELHA/NIA. J.
MelochiA.
pyramidal
* D or
downy
n. Li or
Caracca's
rt. D. or
Corchorus-lvd.
[O] or
MElhaniA.
9388 Erythrxylon H.K. red-wood

93.89 Melanxylon H. K. black-wood
2 jn.jl
2 jn.jl
Y
Y
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
H. 1789. C lip
H. 1780. C lip
H. 1732. C lip
H. 1816. C 1.p
H. 1752. C 1-p
Jac.schoe.1.t-125
Bot. Inag. 304
Jac.schoe.1.t:123
Caidis.6t.182 fil
C. G. H. 1792. C lip Cadis 6.t.177 fg

C. G. H. 1731. C 1.p Cav, dis. 6.178.1
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
1800. C lip Bot rep. 161

1806. C 1.p
1823. C 1.p
2 jnji
Y
C. G. H. ... C lip Bot mag. 1348
Byttneriaceae. Sp.4-28.
1 jl.au
Pu
Brazil
1768. C pl Jac. vind.1, t 30
2 myjn Pu W. Indies 1768. C. p. Ca.disfit172.[2
2 my.jn Y
Caraccas 1820. C p.l Jacq. ic. 507
1 jlau
Y
E. Indies 1732. S 1.p Dil.elt.176.f317
Ryttneriaceae. Sp. 2-6.
D or 20 myau W.
L or 20 jl.au W
St.Helena 1772. C sl Bot. mag. 1000

St.Helena 1800. C. s.l. Pluma. t.33&fs
1458, OCHRO'MA. W.
OchroMA.
Bombaceae. Sp. 2.
93.90 tomentsa W. en woolly-leaved
D or 20
...
W.
S. Amer. 1816. C 1.p
9391 Lagpus W. en.
downy-leaved
[E] or 20 ... W. Jamaica 1802. C. p.1 Cav. dis. 5. t. 153
+*1459 PASSIFLORA. W. PAssion FloweR.
Passifloreae. Sp. 44-95.
93.92 serratiflia W.
9393 caprea W.
9.394 malifrmis W.
9395 racemsa Brot.
notched-leaved: LJ or 20 myo G.Pk W. Indies 1731. C p.1 Bot mag. 651

copper-colored 5 [I] or 20 jlau Or Bahama I. 1724. C. p. Jac.ic. 3. t. 606
Sweet Calabash : D fr20 jl.n
racemose
3. D or 20 mr.o
93.96 quadrangulris W. square-stalked # Eifr 20 aus
G.R.
S
W. Indies 1731. C p.l Bot reg.94

1815. C. p.1 Bot mag. 2001
Brazil
G.B.R Jamaica 1768. S rim Bot reg. 14
1456 Melochia. According to Forskahl, it is an alteration of the Arabic name melochieh, or melokhiek
Light rich soil suits all the species, and they strike readily in moist heat.
457. Melhania. A plant which grows upon Mount Melham, in Arabia. Pretty plants, which grow in sandy
loam, and root in sand under cover. Sweet observes, that they are very apt to become covered with insects."
1458, Ochroma. From ~xees, yellow, the flowers being of that color, according to Schreber. O. Lagopus is
a very large tree, with divaricating branches, and leaves more than a foot long. The wood is white, tender,
and so light, that it is used instead of corks to nets. The capsules contain a very soft fine rufous down, in
which the seeds are involved, and which down is said to be used in the manufacture of English beavers
(Desportes Plantes de S. Domingue, iii. 16)

1459. Passiflora. This genus has been so named, on account of its being supposed to represent, in the
appendages of its flower, the passion of Jesus Christ.
A beautiful genus of climbers, partly herbaceous, but
chiefly suffrutescent or woody; and all of them exotics and very ornamental, Some species are odoriferous;
others bear edible fruits, fleshy juicy berries of considerable size, though not rich in flavor of late, a number
of hybrid sorts have been raised, some of which, as P. caeruleo-racemosa, are considered more beautiful than
almost any of the natural species.
P. maliformis, the sweet calabash of the West Indies, produces large flowers,
white, and blue, but of
short duration. They are succeeded by fruit, roundish, the size of a large apple, yellow when ripe, having a
thicker rind than any of the other sorts; inclosing a sweetish pulp, in which are lodged many oblong black
seeds, of a brownish color, a little rough to the touch. It grows naturally in the West Indies, where the
inhabitants call it Granadilla. The fruit is served up there in desserts. It has borne fruit in the garden of the
Bishop of Durham in Oxfordshire, and at Vere's, Kensington Gore. (Hort. Trans. iii. 101.)
P. quadrangularis, the Granadilla vine of the French, I as leaves five or six inches long, and luxuriant four
CRDER II.
565
sp357 Leaves stalked oval blunt wavy crenate and stem hairy, Stipules lanceolate
*358 Leaves downy hispid oblong acutish entire subsessile, Stipules lanceolate subulate, Flowers aggregate
9359 Leaves downy beneath oblong blunt crenate stalked, Stipules subulate, Pedic. 1-2-fl. Calyxes spreading
$9360 Leaves soft with down whitish obl. blunt toothed cuneate at base entire, Pedunc.2-fl. Cal. campan. velvety
9361 Leaves smooth lanceolate serrate at end acute, Stipules ovate acuminate, Pedic. 2-4-flower
$9.362 Leaves white with down lanceolate serrate bluntish wavy at edge, Stipules subul. Pedunc. 1-fl. very short
9363 Leaves smooth broadly obovate cuneiform very blunt crenate emarginate plicate, Stip, lanc. subulate
9364 Leaves pubescent obovate cuneiform truncate emarginate toothed, Stipules ovate acute
9365 Leaves soft white with down oblong cuneiform rounded at end
Stipules lanceolate
9366 Leaves pubescent downy oblong unequally toothed rounded at each end, Stipules ovate somew. toothed
9367 Leaves beneath white with down oblong obov. cuneiform unequally toothed at end, Stip.
a Culm,
#368 Leaves rough above downy beneath cuneif obl.unq toothed entire at base, Stip. half cordate acuminate
9369 Leaves smoothish cuneiform oblong truncate toothed at end, Stipules oblong acute, Racemes few-flow.
9370 Leaves smooth cuneiform lanceolate truncate toothed at end, Calyxes reflexed
9371 Leaves smooth above hairy beneath cuneiform lanceolate truncate toothed at end
9:372 Leaves pubescent cuneiform lanceolate blunt toothed at end, Calyx inflated downy
9:373 Leaves velvety cuneiform linear blunt entire or 3-toothed at end, Cal campanulate
93.74 Leaves velvety cuneiform lanceolate blunt: upper entire; lower 3-5-toothed at end, Stipules lin. subul.
93.75 Leaves velvety lanceolate blunt entire, Stipules linear subulate, Calyxes angular
9376 Leaves smooth rough at edge linear 3-cornered entire, Stipules large lanceolate
9377 Leaves white with down sess. cuneate obcord. somew. crenate at end, Stip. obl. blunt resembling lat. Ivs.
9378 Leaves smoothish oblong toothed pinnatifid: lower ovate; upper elongate, Stem procumbent
9379 Leaves rough with scattered down linear-cuneiform coarsely toothed, Stipules linear entire
93.80 Leaves roughish white bipinnatifid, Pedunc.2-flowered very long
9381 Leaves pinnatifid with linear lanceolate entire segments, Petals cut-toothed
$382 Leaves linear pinnatifid fleshy smoothish, Stem pubescent
93.33 Leaves pinnatifid with linear entire acute lobes
9.384
9.385
9386
9.387
Leaves ovate lanc. toothed smooth, Pedunc. 5-6-fl. longer than petiole, Branches downy in decurrent lines
Lvs. uneq. sided ovate obl acutely crenate plaited hoary on each side, Umbels 3-8-fl.
than petiole
Leaves cordate crenate downy beneath, Fl. capitate subsessile axillary and opposite the leaves
Leaves ovate somewhat lobed serrated smooth, Flowers subterminal capitate sessile
9388 Leaves ovate cordate subpeltate acuminate crenulate beneath downy and reticulated
9,389 Leaves cordate entire downy on each side
9.390 Leaves cordate somewhat 3-lobed repand subtomentose
9,391 Leaves cordate 5-angled somewhat lobed toothletted pubescent beneath
9392 Leaves ovate veiny subserrulate, Petioles with 2 glands, Invol.3-leaved

93.93
9394
9395
93.96
Leaves elliptical entire blunt 3-nerved, Petioles without glands, Invol. O.

Leaves oblong ovate cordate 3-nerved veiny entire, Petioles with 2 glands, Invol.3-leaved larger than fl.
Leaves 3-lobed peltate, Petioles with 4 glands, Flowers terminal racemose
Leaves obl. ovate subcord entire veiny, Petioles with 6 glands, Stipules roundish ovate, Invol.3-leaved
cornered ligneous stems. The flowers are red within, and white outside; they are odoriferous, and generally
the plant is covered with fruits and flowers at the same time, which makes a fine appearance. The fruit,
Sabine describes (Hort. Trans. iii. 100.) as very large, of an oblong shape, about six inches in diameter, from
the stalk to the eye, and fifteen inches in circumference.
It is externally of a greenish-yellow when ripe, soft
and leathery to the touch, and quite smooth; the rind is very thick, and contains a succulent pulp of a purple
color (which is the edible part), mixed with the seeds in a sort of sack, from which it is readily separated.
Wine and sugar are commonly added to it when used. . The flavor is sweet and slightly acid, and it is very
grateful to the taste, and cooling in a hot climate...It has been successfully cultivated for its fruit in a few
places, as at Lord Harewood's, Farnley Hall, &c. (Hort. Trans. iv. 6).)
P. laurifolia, the water lemon, Pomme de Liane, Fr., has a suffrutescent stem, with divaricating filiform
branches, ovai smooth leaves, and very long tendrils. , Flowers red and violet, sweet-scented; the fruit about
the size of a hen's egg, but rather more elongated, and tapering equally at both ends; when ripe, it is yellow
and dotted over with white spots; it contains a whitish watery pulp, which, in the West Indies, is usually
sucked through a small hole made in the rind; the rind is tough, soft, and thin; the juice has a peculiar
aromatic flavor, is delicately acid, and allays thirst agreeably. It is grown in our stoves, but has not yet been
-
cultivated for its fruit.
P. normalis has berries about the size of small grapes. The root has been extolled as a counterpoison and
diuretic.
P. Murucula produces fruit of an oblong oval form, about the size of a large olive, and flesh-colored when
ripe. Both the syrup and decoction of the plant are much used in the leeward parts of Jamaica, where it is
frequent; and they are said to answer effectually all the purposes for which syrup of poppies and liquid laudanum
are generally administered. The flowers are most in use: they are commonly infused in, or pounded and
O o 3
MONADELPHIA PENTANDIt IA.
566
9.397 alta IV.
9398 lauriflia W.
93.99 multiflra W.
$9400 Murucja W.
94.01 perfolita W.
9.402 rubra Jy.
9403 normlis W.
94.04 lunta W.
9405 Vespertilio W.
94.06 rotundifolia W.
94.07 punctata W.
9408 lutea W.
9409 angustiflia W.
9410 albida Ker.
9411 pllida W.
9412 minima W.
9413 grcilis Link.
9414 subersa IV.
9415 peltta W.
9416 hederacea W.
9417 glauca W.
stipulta Aublet.
9418 picturata Ker.
9419 holosericea W.
9420 hirsuta IV.
9421 tubersa IV.
9422 palmta Link.
9423 foetida W.
9424 rubricaulis Jacq.
942.5 cilita W.
9420 Herbertina Ker.
wing-stalked *. Cm fr20
laurel-leaved 3 D fr20
many-flowered: D or 20
purple
* D. fr. 12
perfoliate-leav. 5 DJ or 15
red-fruited
* C or 15
linear-lobed
# CD or 15
crescent-leaved: LJ cu 10
bat-winged
{-J cu 8
round-leaved 2. L. cu 8
dotted-leaved # D cu 6
yellow
# CD cu 4
narrow-leaved : C cu 6
long-stalked 2 L or 15
pale
* D cu 20
* D cu 6 jLau
small
slender
Cork-barked
*ltate
[O] cu 6 au
3-D cu 6 jn.s
* D cu 6 aus
vy-leaved
# L. un 3 jm.jl
glaucous-leav'd: LJ un 6 aus
* D or 15 s
silky-leaved
3 D or 10
hairy
* D or
tuberous
*
3
*
#
palmate
stinking
red-stalked
chinnsis
D or 12
D or 12
[I] or 10
E pro
5 D or 6
Lord Caernarv.: D or 30 il.s
ciliated
Chinese
20
10
30
30
G.B.R.
G.Pu
...
S
Pu
W. Indies 1772.
W. Indies 1690.
VeraCruz 1731.
W. Indies 1739.
W. Indies 1806.
R
W. Indies 1731.
... Veracruz 1771.
W.
Jamaica 1733.
W.
W. Indies 1732.
W.
W. Indies 1779.
W.Y. Peru
1784.
Y.w America 1714.
W.
W. Indies 1773.
W
Brazil
1816.
Y.G St. Domin. ...
p.1
p.
p.1
p.
p.1
p.1
p.1
p.
p.
p.1
p.1
p.1
Lp
lip
lip
Bot. mag. 66
Bot reg. 13
Plum-amer. t. 90
Bot reg. 574
Bot reg. 78
Bot reg.96
Bot mag. 23.54
Bot. reg. 597
Cav. dis 10.t-290
Bot cab. 101
Bot reg. 79
Bot. reg. 188
Bot. reg. 677
Bot reg. 660
W.
Curassao 1690. C lip Bot. reg. 144
...... 1823.
W. Indies 1759.
W. Indies 1778.
W. Indies ...
W.
G
W.
G.
jn.au Or
, ...
...
jlau W
jlau Pk
30 jn.o
30 jn.o
Pu
30 jno
W.B.
or 30 jn.o
#ID or 20 jno
saw-leaved
* [I] or 20 ...
curl-flowered 3 II or 15 ...
thready
various-leaved 3 CD or 15
C.
C.
C
C.
C
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
R.
C
C
C
O
C.
C
C
co
p.1
lip
1. p
Bot. reg. 870

Exot-bot.l. t. 28
Bot reg. 507
Plum.amer. t.84
W. Cayenne 1779. C lp Bot reg. 88

Pu Brazils 1820. C 1-p Bot. reg. 673
myau W.pu Veracruz 1733. C. p. Bot reg. 59
s
W.
W. Indies 1778. C 1-p Bot. cab. 138
jn.o
G
W. Indies 1810. C lip Bot reg.432
.... W. Brazil
1818. C 1
jl.au W.G. W. Indies 1731. S p. Bot reg.321
jlau R
S. Amer. 1821. S co
jl.s
Pk Jamaica 1783. C. p. Bot mag. 288
Newman's
94.7 adiantifolia B. Reg. Adiantum-lvd. # U- or

9428 pedunculris Cav. long-peduncled 3-C or
94-9 edulis B. M.
eatable
*fr
94.00 incarnta W.
Rose-colored : u. I or
943.1 caerulea W.
Coinnon
-:
or
g ceraleo-racemsa Milne's hybrids. L J or
angustifolia
narrow-leaved :or
9432 filamentsa W.
9433 serrta W.
9434 pedata W.
943, heterophylla W.
apau
jn.jl
jn.s
jl.au
jlau
aps
my.jn
jn.au
my.jn
myau
my.jn
my.jn
jn.s
au.s
au.s
CLAss XVI.
...
N. Holl., 1821. C p.1
W.n Brazil
......
-
W.D. China
W.h
W.G.
W.G.
W.
Bot. reg 737
Norfolk I. 1792. C lip Bot reg. 233

1815. C 1.p Cav.ic. 5.t.426
W. Indies ... C lip Bot, mag. 1969
America 1629. C. r.m. Miss Lawr. Pass.
Peru
1699. C. s.p Bot mag 28

1820. C co. Bot. cab.573
...
...
C co
C co
America 1817.
Bot reg. 584
Martiniq. 1800. C lp Pium. amert."p
W. Indies 1781. C. p.1 Plum.amer.tsi
St.Domin.i17. C p.1 Plum ic. 139. 1
mixed immediately with wine or spirits; and the composition is generally thought a very effectual and easy
P incarnata, the May apple, has a perennial root, herbaceous shoots, and sweet-scented flowers, variegated
with purple. The fruit is about the size of an apple, orange-colored, with a sweetish yellow pulp, but it
narcotic.
requires the heat of the stove to
forward.
*: caerulea is the tallest and most ligneous of the species. . The stem will grow almost as large as a man's
arm, and the shoots will often grow the length of fifteen feet in one summer. The leaves are the most elegant
of the genus. The flowers are blue outside, and purple and white within; they have a faint scent, and con.
tinue but for one day. The fruit is, egg-shaped, of the size and color of the Mogul plum, the yellow skin of
which encloses a sweetish disagreeable pulp and black seeds.
Besides the species thus enumerated, some varieties have been procured by cross impregnation, which are
very remarkable for their beauty, and for having acquired the hardihood of their parent. The most valuable
of these artificial productions, is the P. caeruleo-racemosa, raised by Mr. Milne, of Fulham, from seed
of P. racemosa impregnated by P. caerulea, and figured in the Transactions of the Horticultural Society,
vol. 3. tab.3, and the P. alato-caerulea, obtained by Mr. J. H. Masters of Canterbury, between P. alata of the
West Indies, and P. caerulea.
All the species grow and flower freely in a mixture of loam, and light rich earth or peat, with plenty of
room. Most of them fruit in the stove, but the P. caerulea seldom fruits in the greenhouse. They are all
easily increased either by seeds
or very young cuttings, in a close moist heat.
As fruit-bearing plants the Passifloras are thus treated: Having procured plants with good roots, plant
such as are intended to fruit in a border in the stove, and train them to a trell'art' they will in
produce fruit the second year. The seedlings of the P. incarnata, will produce fruit the first year. All
parted
''off,
the best method

is to
them At
in an
of the
ei
y boards
or brick-work,
as low as
theplant
pit goes.
theangle
bottom
of
-
ORDER II.
m-"-
MONADELPHIA PENTANDIti A.
567
subcord
ovate
9397
entPetioles
veiny, Petioles
with 4 glands,
Stip. lanc.
falcateatsubse
w
9: Leaves obl.
oblong
entire
veiny,
with 2 glands,
Invol. *'''
toothed
end rrate, Invol.
3-leaved
93.99 Leaves obl. ent acute 3-nerved veiny, Petioles with 2 glands, Ped, aggregate axill. Fl. apetalous, Invol. O.
9400 I eaves 2-lobed bluntly emarginate, Petiole: without glands, Corona campanulate truncate entire
Lvs. cord.2-lobed blunt mucron. ; up, somew.stem-clasp. Petiol, without glands, Pet, twice as long as cal.
#02 Heaves cordate 2-lobed acute mucronate pubescent beneath, Petioles without glands, Fruit obovate
940; Lvs. 2-lobedemarginate at base, Lobes linear blunt divaricating; the intermediate obsolete mucronate
940; Lvs cord. 2-lobed blunt smooth, Petioles without : Pedunc. axillary twin, Threads of corona clav.
9:03 Leaves cuneiform acuminate divaricating with 2 glands at base, Petioles without glands, Invol. Q.
94.06 Lvs. round shortly and
bluntly 3-lobed dott.

ben. Petiol without glands, Pet twice as short as cal.
94.07 Lvs. round subcord. blunt obsoletely 3-lobed smooth dott. Petioles without glands, Pet, twice as short as cal.
948 Lvs. cord 3-lobed blunt smooth, Petioles without glands, Pedunc, axill. twin, Pet twice as narrow as cal.
940s Lower leaves 3-lobed acuminate; upper undivided lanceolate, Petioles with 2 glands, Flowers apetalous
9410 Leaves roundish cordate, Petioles with 2 glands, Flowers solitary long-stalked, Cal. keeled, Stam. 1-sided
9411 Leaves ovate entire 3-nerved vein, Petioles with 2 glands, Flowers apetalous, Involucrum O.
9412 Lvs. 3-lobed smooth, Lobes lanc.; middle one longest, Petioles with: glands, Fl. apetal. Stem corky at base
9413 Leaves subcordate 3-lobed, Lobes rounded with 2 glands, Pedunc. axillary solitary, Flower apetalous
#14 Lvs. 3-lobed smooth, Lobes
lat very short, Petioles with 2 glands, Fl. apetal. Stem corky at base
9:15 Lvs. peltate deepl 3-lobed smoot , Lobes in lanc. divaricating, Petioles with 2 glands, Flow.apetalous
9416 Leaves peltate half.3-lobed smooth, Lobes ovate blunt, Petioles with 2 glands, Fl. apetalous
9417 Leaves peltate cordate 3-lobed, Lobes equal oblong blunt, Petioles with 4 glands, Petals length of calyx
9418 Leaves
discolored
peltate
#
#
with a reflexed tooth on each side at the base

94.21 Leaves 2-lobed glandular beneath, Lobe: oblong erect, reduncles twin
vill; lower smooth above, Lobes obl. entire; intermediate longest, Petioles with 2glands
94.22 Leaves palmate about 5-parted subserrulate, Involucre 3-leaved entire, Rays a little shorter than corolla
23 Leaves 3-lobed cordate hairy, Involucres multifid capillary
9424 Leaves and stems all fringed with red hairs
94.25 Leaves 3-lobed cordate smooth ciliated serrated, Involucres multifid capillary
9426 Downy, Leaves cordate 3-lobed, Peduncles twice as short as petiole, Corona much shorter than corolla
27 Lvs. rounded trun. at base slightly 3-5-lobed, Lobes blunt, Petioles without glands, Pet shorter than cal.
9428 Stem square, Leaves 3-lobed: lobes nearly equal serrated, Pedunc. long 1-flowered
9429 Leaves 3-lobed serrated smooth, Invol. glandular serrulate caducous, Ovary naked
94.30 Lvs. 3-lobed serr. Lobes obl. acute, Petioles with 2glands, Inv. 3 leaved, Threads of corona longer than cor.
9420 Leaves 3-lo
9431 Lvs. palmate 5-parted entire, Petioles gland. Invol. 3-leaved entire, Threads of corona shorter than corolla
#: Leaves
Leaves palmate
palmate 5-parted
7-parted serrated,
Petioles
glandular,
Invol.
3-fid entire
8. than cor
Cor.
aved serrate,
9432
serr. Petioles
gland.
Invol.3-le
Threads of corona longer
9:
Leaves 7-pedate serrated, Petioles glandular, Invol. 3-leaved serrated

9435 Upper leaves quinate pedate obovate somewhat cut; lower ternate linear-lanceolate or simple
the cavity formed by this division, should be laid some brick-rubbish, over which may be thrown a little dead
tan, and the whole be then filled with equal parts of very old tan, and a compost of leaf-mould and rotten
dung. Herein the roots will strike freely, and will even spread through the partition into the pit, wing into
the fresh tan. Such roots may be trimmed and reduced whenever the tan is changed; but, shou d the plant
have been some time in its station, it will be as well to leave part of the old tan, in the bottom of the pit, in
which the protruded roots may remain undisturbed. They do not require the full heat of the pine stove...for
they flourish best in a temperature of from sixty-five to seventy degrees; but they do not bring their fruit to
perfection if kept in a common greenhouse or conservatory, though they will grow and flower in it. The
shoots, as they advance, must be trained near to and under the inclined glass of the stove: the flowers
will appear in May, and the blooming will continue until September, the fruit setting the whole time; but if
it does not set well, it will be advisable to impregnate the stigmas by applying the pollen with a feather. As
they grow, the very strong shoots should be cut out from their origin, for these do not bear fruit so abundantly
as those which are less vigorous; but the fruiting branches must not be shortened on any account. The tem
ature must be kept up equally during the time of flowering and fruiting, The crop will begin to come in
in August, and will continue until January; but the earlier produce is the best.
hen the crop is all off,
which will be early in January, the heat must be reduced to about fifty degrees, so as to check or stop the
growth; this being effected, the shoots must be well cut in. As little old wood as possible, besides the main
stem, which rises from the pit to the glass, and a few pieces (about two or three feet of each) of the old
branches should be retained; for all that is to be trained under the glass to bear in each year, ought to be the
growth of the same season. It is found that the shoots break better, and in greater quantity, from the older
wood than from that of two years' standing. In this dormant and reduced state it is to be kept during
January and February, after which the necessary heat may be applied to cause it to resume its functions for
the ensuing season. (Hort. Trans. iii. and iv.)
O o 4
XVI.
MONADELPHIA PENfANDRIA.
568
Sp.Europe
2045.1640. D GoumiUSHl
Geraniaee.
140. ERO^DIUM. tV. Heron's Bill.
4jn.jl
Pu S.Spain
pcira-'mn f*.
9436
rock
1798, 1) Lp Lajcv.pyT.Ul
ji pu
_1 h\ inmy.au
9437
glandular
glandulsum
ff.
L'Her.gcr.tS
Italy 1814.
9438 crassifl.um
Alpine
alpinum ff. ff. thick-leaved
^ lAJor
J mr.au " Cyprus
. Sweet
ger.
ITHS. RR .
N39
Ca.di9-I.tmt3
179t
It S.Crte
<mo lacinitum W. lacinited J lAJor f \ jnmy.au
S
Jac.
vimLl.
LIS
Europe
ITH.
Pu
jl
9441
W.W. long-beaked
Eng. bot.tld
m
J ir;t.mi sid. S 8.1 Ca.au
Hemlock-lcav'd O w i Jap.s
9442 cirnium
dcutrium
Numidia
1803.
myjn Pu
Pu
Numidian
jf
lOJ
un
bipinndlum
W.
Rome /24. SS Botmag-SH

Roman
i myjn Pu
romnum W.
9443
France
1816. s s.i Sweetger.
Vauealis-leaved 11 my.au
moschtum W,Sweet musky
bot- s6
England m.pal
my.jl Pu
Pu
94
S B.I Eng.
Cav.die.4.LS8.Ce
Crete 1596.
H Levant
*jn-jl
gruinutn
W.
un
94*
broad-leaved
S
Cav.dis-Utl
jnjl Pk Barbary 1724.
chium
W. W. three-leaved
un 1 ja.d
9446
Ohian
ger. 23
178 SD r.m
hymendes
9447
*i lAJpr
Sweet
Bot.mag.?*to
Pa pu S.Naples
1i ja.d
Gussn Tenore,
94+8 malacojdes
Gous&on'e
12
Europe 1821.
1596. S r.m Cav.dif.4L91
my.jl
W.
mallow-leaved
44
Sweetger.9*
G. H. 1787.
my.jl FlH C.Egypt
incarntum W. W. flesh-colored L_!r *4jl.au
9450 glaucophyllum
S
DiLeUUl
32
9>1 maritiraum YV. glaucous-leaved
England san.sh. D .1 Di.bot.&K
3t w 41 my.a
9452
Bot. mag.
Minorca
Heichrdi Dec
Dec.
ap.S W
9453
dwarf
j 1 pr i -
S. Europe 1783.
1821. DD Sweet ger. '
littreura
9454
ehore
I
un
Siberia
1821.
13
9455 eerotnum Stet. late
5 Pr
HEPTANDRIA.
H6L
PELARGONIUM.
W. Stork'h Bill.
9456
longiflium Jacq.
long-leaved
A lAI pr
9457
longiflrum
Jacq.
long-flowered
pr
9458 ovalilolium Sweet oval-leaved AA lAI
lAI
pr
9459
reticultum
Sweet
LJpr
netted
A
WeOcilitum
VHcr.
lAlpr
ciliated
A
94rtl
W. dotted-flower'd A lAJpr
94ii2 puncttum
radiclum Vent.
fleshy fringe-lv. AA iAJ
9463 spatultum
Andr.
epatula-leaved
lAJ
prpr
affine
Andr.
fring.-tpatul.4v.A
iAIpr
944 raditum Per$. ray-leaved A lAJ pr
9k> virgtneum
virgin
AA iAJ pr
94iK
undultum Per.
Ait. wave-flowered
iAJ prpr
9467
lineare
Pits.
linear-petalled
A
948 niveum Sweet enow-white A iAJ
lAI pr
94R9 reroltum Pen. revoluto
9470
auricultum
W. ear-Icaved AA lAlpr
lAJprpr
9171
lacinitum
Pera.
947L'
oxalidiflium
Pcrs. jag-leaved
WfMKl.Borrcl-lv. 11
lAlpr
H7.J
ncrvillium
.taco.
ncrvetl-leavcd
A lAJpr
9474
triphj-lluin
Jaeq.
three-leaveu
lAI
pr
7
&47t reflexum
rdeum AU.Pert. reflcx-leaved
Hosc-colored AA lAlpr
lAlpr
9450
Grranwerte.
my-jn
jI\ my.jn
my.jn Pk
V
my.jn W
Pk
\ ap.jn F
4 .my Y
J ap.my
ap.my YYY
I ; jn.au
imyjl
ilinjl
myjl YYY
jnjl W
J \ jl.au
ap.jn Pu
Pk
my.jn Y
ii my.au
my.au
ap.my FVa
jjn.jl
W
l mr.my Pk
Sp. 186uncertain. r.m

.CG.
G. H. ISIS. r.m Jac .
Sl|!H.t
IS.'O. r.m
C.C. G.G. H.
H.
r.m
Sweet ei.t91
1890.
H.
r.m
Bot.rep.
1795.
C.G.
H.
r.m
Bol.rep.SJ1
1794.
C.C. G.G. H.
r.m Botm.g.y!
isa
H.
r.m Bot.
W
f
C.C. G.G. H.
H. 1795.
Bot.
rep.
1791 R r.m
r.m
Bot
rep
1801.
C.C. G.G. H.
r.m
Bot.
rep.
Sn
1795. r.m Botrei'-'
H.
1793.
C.G.
H.
r.m
Bot.tpl
C. G. H. 1800.
1851. r.m Sweet ger. IS
Bot. rep. ft
1800. R r.m
C.C. G.G. H.
R r.m
r.m Jac.ie.a
Bot. rep. W
1800.
C.C. G.G. H.
H.
R
r.m
Bot
W*",,,
1*H.
H.
C.C. G.G. H.
H. 1811
R
r.m
Jac.
1. taw
1812.
C. G. H. 180(1
CG. a 1792.
9449 /
94SI
Ilislury, Use,
Propagation,
Culture,
le the
fruit resemlJo.
the bead and breast of th'; 1bird. TbC
MM .hart, plan,,, f
and
no
great
beauty.
, , ^''
. ,,;, whch
rk.inwith
allusion
to the beak
he i'm o'r tifat"',"'"- So called
ith
the Geranium
or ^(ofrane
s-Dlll. fieraiiium
^^ ., -,and
rant --"j
1 as iriti t'Horitier, alon.ulogv
n8vlhcdai?,0<' uita""1 M!
g
with
Erodmm,
from
the
"(SCblS!
r
flower, tubular
tubular nectary,
to the capsulo
lvcn fertile itamens, irregular flower,
nectary. and spiral.leaven aod HP"'
- genus, for which we are almost entirely indebted to the CsC of_ .
con,
admission
of
.iwriouh!,m-l,kwl
I*u
that
number
Is
greatly
augmented
man
primary ones are cSi.,', V"1 s,'cc'c,! or wlrtiea, which continuall start up lrom see<l, wile
or ?ff
Uler.
^'Uvated, and are for a while propagated by cuttings, and eren by .4M. ^
559
1 ilikj SafrS?*'
cm
imootl
Stem
branched dirusedowny.Lvi.
tm
tW &H"
Stem prostrate.
bipmnate
will
.near, rei une mini- - ^ctes
J . '""-
9H1 Stem
Stemascend,
andLeave*
ks.
tome,
I ~^îndbSrtov,.BractesoyateKari(
JtelobeSlSt-pU|c.san(bri(^'"
scariose
PH
prostrateor
diftu.se
hairv,villous
Leave*pinnated
pinna acute
if blunt.'
tnn ?Ol,ilt sl-'lriO80, ovate
Pcd. mayman*.
^ tooth>-^:
Pcd
-.
5Quiescent
ditluso,
Segments'pinnated
with
afi Plant
Nearlroflarcer
stemless.sizeLeave* pinnate with ovate pinnatitid segment*
unequal
tlW unequally
***** serratedM
thandowny
glandular
stem procumbent. Leaves pinnated with stalked ovate
eegm.brger
Pedunc
? m crct
,learly inoolh>
3-cut,smooth
Segments
cut-toothed,
Pedunc.
many-fl.
striated
rm
erivt branch,
wmewhat
diffuse,Leaves
leaves
subcordatc
; upper
5-parted
with and
cutCalyx
toothed
lobe* nerved
erect
shrubby
at
base,
Lvs.
3-lobed
or5-partcd
very
blunt,
Stipules
brades
scariofc
ovate
lo*
erect soft, Pedunc. many-fl. Leaves cordate blunt bluntly toothed undivided or3-lobed
ta QtX*Mem *nehed
1.
Leaves
cordate
undivided
or ilobed
blunt toothed,
toothed. I.ol>cs
Petalscunate
length ofcalyx
JS1!
shrubby
and
leaves
nearly
smooth
;
lowercord,
undivided
3-toothed
.
1
erect and
smoothIa.iv(s
oblongcordalr
lobed cienate
fleshy, Awns
featheryAwns
from boardlev*
middle to end

lauW-utt
,litluscleaves
mii.mIi,
ovjte cut-m-uah
puheaclt.
^wseinlOM,
Leaves
cordate
crenate
blunt
smoothish,
Pedunc
l-rl.
Petals
larger
than
calyx bearded ! at end
wuulcscerit
smoothish,
Leaves: egm.
cordatelateral
roundish
d-lobed unequally
crenate,
Awns
stem*
diffuse,diffuse
Leave*
opposite 3-cut
cut-toothed
divaricating,
Peduncles
to roundiah 3-lobml un,,,,
",:in |*many-flow
' m '"teal lied

IES' issB6***. r*^
SS
Start-. "5
, clli>"'<*> IWIat,
UUnt """"11. ;
'- *Lml"''.
g
ndrou.,
Peu,, 1n.*Wra
|
94ft
- b""*d
""""" PtodurMT! f," ' "'>' ;'" "'i' 4* fnnniil iiyII, Um hand or nature,
'1 ftom .h. obu,ig weh or SffSie'J'^
MONADELPHIA HEPTANDRIA.
Cuss XVI.
A lAJ
9477 rapaccum Jacq. Fumitory-flow.
lAI Prl,r
9478
Dee. Sw. nodding
ine-cut
A
iAJ
PrPr
9479 nutans
coryiialitlrum
bearded
AA lAJ
9480
bartUum
Jacq.
cloven-leaved
lAJ
Pr
9481
BuifUum
Pert.
setose
A
lAJ
9483 netsum
SweetPert., Bubon-leaved A lAJ PrPr
bubon.iW.um
violet-flowered A J\
prPr
9484
lAJ
94 viola-liorum
flonlnmdum Sweet
Ait many-flowcred
hairy
A
lAJ
pr
SH&
pilsum
<*.
winged
A lAJ
94/
lAI PrPr
9488 pciu.ii'rme
purpuracena*
Pert. purnlu-floweredA
AA lAJ
P*
948>
hirstuin Jac7-Jacq. various-leaved
black.-flowered
4:
meUnnthum
diu-cioua
A lAJ
lAJ pr
94!'l
dlolcum
J
dark-brown A lAJ pr
94L>2 trum L*Hcr.
pic
YPa.Y ..C. G.G.G. H.
H.
I4i np.jn
ap-n
H.
apjn
C.
G.
H.
j' au Pk
Pk C.C. G.G. H.
ap.au
ap-af Pk
W.pu C. G. H.
H.
i4 mr.j
w .
aH.
nrr.jl
Pk
C.
G.
Ji mr.my
myjl Pk
C.C.C. G.G.G. H.
H.H.
ii myjn
myjn Pu
Pk
C.
G.
Ij
m C.C. G.G. H.
H.H.
myjn DD.Br
1i jujl
myjl D.Br C. G. H.
Bot.rtp.S39
RR [
1T68.
Bot.
1877
1788.
Swept,ma
RR r.m
1821.
reo.ger.SBt 18
r.m Bot
1790.
Bot. rep.ger.37>58
H r.m Sweet
1795.
1821. RR r.m
Botrep.323,
1800. R r.m
Sweet
ger. S3
BotrepW)
RR r.m
r.m
1795.
Bot. rep.S.
18(11. r.m
Bot.rep.289
1800. r.m
Rotrep.2o
1800.
Bot
repger.73
317
RR r.m
r.m
1788.
Sweet
r.m
1790.
Bot
rep.ger.2J9S
RR rm
1795.
Sweet
1793. r.m
9493 vicm-flium
VHer. ning-leaved
010+
astragalifliumPiv.
Ahtragalus-lvd. lAI
lAl P*1>
Wti
oromllicl'liumPrr
t
orouilla-lvd
SH96 herucleifllum.orl<.Cow-pirsiiii>.lv.A \A1

lAl V
lAJpr
9197 inexasstum . M. fleshy-leaved
9198 crneura Jmcq. flesli-eolored lAl f*
ii ilapjn VVpu ?~ H rm Botrep So

1linj
jnjl
coa Mi- ?*t??t%
ii jn-jt
apjn
570
"te
brick-colored t,_jor uin.u r e.G. a 3^

) cynosbatiflium F. Currant-loaved Li_Jpr 1.} ap.jl D.U
Ii
G H 1795. R r.m Jaejefoeit18 i .
En H 1801 S r.m BotrepW
0501
1. Dove's-foot
9502 columWnum
prociimben Perl,
procumbent
( G a 1812. "" 111011
9503
bumlfatum W. trailing
--r.
054cham!edryrlmm
iam:vdrys-lv.
lis- i *
q-jf. australe M' J. Botany
Bay - lAJ
i I pr t '"J;""
7 ISxum S*Kt
loosc-panicled . pr
9,8cer..tn1ihyllumLV>er.hurn-lc..vcd
, =-
95119
dasycailnn
Sim,,
thick-sleiimied
l-J ''
.1510
crlthm.Mium
Sm.
Ssmplure-leav.
l
9511
. floshyjtalkcd
Pafley-leaved .!_!
9512 .tlter'nan.
carnsum Ail.
n. t_l or
1 JPOli W pk C. G^H.
17. r.m ^"nt.l
!{ J vv!
w Ml.u C.C. G.G. R
aH.
"JJ"
Nv
c
(;.
lili: r m Sweet ger.
jlj.i.au
-tt VU
P^. G. a
r r.m Sweetie.r,14S
9513 multiraditum Vit many-rayed LAlpr 1 myjn D.BrCG.a 1830.
Ienal7ti5 _S r.m
Sweet get 128
95Hcotyl6donii l.'Htr. Bollyhock-lvd. . |_1 pr Smy jl W St.Heena
^ 948
^9491 " 9493

S*96
H;,y, PK. * W* .
wilh ,be E*t
hybrid;
but
it
i
quito
certain,
that
to
admit
them
into
thse kinds
venienco, and can lead to no useful end. In the arrangeincil hore ..t "It ., J,
4''wMJvî
" ' "tf
fctly
or
avowedly
artificial
productions,
arcthcrcli.rc
plW
at
the
end
?
b
rai*"'
U1,<M
onler, an order much more commensurate with their importance, tnau
principles.
HI.
1S Intal
Intal mja, Larve *>?.'*
o>
il lui"
Su'
tvM.
, luM
flu*
MU
la*
nth.*.
571
[et end
im hair, : sccm , i, 'T 4

1W6 nrarly entire Sat
*. Li pma,| smooll, . 4P oiJ orr J- ua,r
p. r> obo.atc: ortheoblong
onea
. obovate
vue terminal
lenninai ones
(*
-
' uuuia
Ub- S,
*"*<<
irinualmost
linear twice
blunt.t'^X'.r^
|1 .
Dec -lo/,
Pelais oval, ,nearly
equal,
asScape
long simple
calyx. Stamau 10 erect, the .K
"ouata. Dec.
- Stem ihrubby at base,alternate
unes bearing the
anthers.
Stems acutely
shrubby, erect. at
H
xoued,hairyIxjIjcs
wiSan
shrubby branched,Lvs.Lvs.cordate
cordatei-lobed
3-Iobedhairy
toothed
: middle lobetoothed
3-lobcd, 1 - ,
^'
Dec"
<7*
*
/&
iw
/,
or
a
little
larger.
Stamens
5 longer,
<4*w,theorappearance
/ occasionally
abortive,
5
alternate,
very
short,
sterile,
tooth
like.
Herbs10, with
stems,nearly
and
of Erodhtm or Geranium.
i"
manr
ri'mwe>
Lvt
cordate
roundish
many-parted,
Lobes
trifid,
Ix>llcts
linear
blunt
.^"llcren. pro.-umlKiit, Lvs. cord, somewhat lobed crenate-toothed, Pedunc. 2-flowered
V. liMi*
mjll>' l>rr,i'umbc"i.
bve. Leaves
cord, usually
or ilobed
toothed,
Pedunc
o-5-flowcred
m Lrsnt'ned
procumbent,
ellipt 3-parted
blunt hoary
toothed,
Pedunc
2-floweml,
Anthers ;
-
u uiniisc
procumbent,
Lvs. cordate
cordate
somewhat
villoustoothed
beneath,
Peduncle*
procumbent,
Lvs.
ovate
villouslobed
3-lobed
: upper
sinuate.!.many-flowered
Umbel many-flowered
"'*"0H (!'
nearlyfertile,
equal, about
as longorassubulate,
calyx, the3 two
auricteii
the uPI*t tide. oblong-linear,
Stamens 10, errer,
'J uppertwice
s/iatulate
lowerupper
sltorter.
Stemsat
!
pinnated,fleshy
S sii 4ubu>'U""es
"why, ,,ltn^'
Umu. nuny-Soweml
loose!vFloaters
panicled,whitish.
Lvs. pinnated smooth, Petals somew. toothed
si V'mWiy flc*h>'branched, Lvs. fleshy pinnated : lobes Un. round channelled entire or3-toothed at end
Sîh2 jytIesh>'*'artcdi -vs. fleshV pinnated: seem, cut pinnatifld eubtrifid at end
[at Iwie
m i m E* Lvs- 0*> biplnnated : 11 dilated and cut at end, Pedunc. panic! Upperpet crisp
era
st. m hneatlyi thick
****
Branches hairv, Lvs. smooth
pinnat:thicksinuate-pinnat.:
segm. stalked subaltrnate
sutlruticoecatbase,
segm.wedRO-shaped
obi. blunt cut toothed at end
feAvwJ*
Sepals; upper
nearlybroad,
equal,spatulate,
rcvolute. reexed
Petals at~>, nearly
equal, obovate.
Stamens
pj,. *"*r/0"-Dre-suhuJate
end ; thefertile
otws sltorter,
incut10,ved5fertile
at end.:
m thirl h tnuK-lmt ,.
'Ch.''.
ti
tt-toothed ; upper smoothish bipinn.

10,
** >"^7 ..4.MJ..
,c Stamens
tncurved.
Shrub
^^ter^^. e, . 0 v ro:iM ta,(h
9.W4
I MOI
'<* are
itenerallv
verv
are die*' * ' :
MONADELPHIA HEPTANPR1A.
Ci XVI
572
9515
blattarium
Jiuq.
downy-tawed
951G
criostmon
Jacq.
velvet-leaved -1_|
. i_J or
9517
holonericeum
Sweet
silky
9. nothrio Jacq. nothera-hke -f Lj
iA] or
9519 coronopif .llumJoco.Buckshorn-ivd. . i_ or
9520
cnum
Per,.
hoary
""~
9521 carinitum Sweet carnate
n. i_l
9522 tricolor B. M.
UUJu
" P
j fJ"
mr.jn
jno Iv.puc.i. uso. s rjswti.a
li'o
4 J-
r r H 17911791. >- r.m Bot mag. 2*>
thre^colored a. t_l pr 1J Ja.d ,it
W.puCG.H.
9523
cannrinee
.W. i. Canary
Myrrh-leaved .
952+
525 myrrhifliu
coriandrifliumJac.Coriantlcr-lvd.
r- fi H 1731 S r.ml4itlLSI
9526 lccrum Jac. tom-leavcd tAlor l jn.au Pk C. G. H. 17.
9527
f ]orpr 1, jn.u Pk G. H. - I ^Si'u|
952S anemonifoliumJiTCff.Anemonc-lvd.
caucaliflium
Jnco. caucalis-leaved
9529
multicale Jacq.
many-etalked OJ
OJ pr
9530
Siccrt two-pctalled
Aarum-lcaved * lAI
9531 asarirlium
diptalum L'Hit,
uil ejcl ap-my Fa.pu . G. H. nv>- r
r r H . r.m Sweetger,1*
9532 pndulum Stwvf pendulous it.n. ii II elor 1I mr.jl
mr.jl Pyela B0t**
9533 quintum B. M. ve-nngered
4 tetragnum 1,'. square-stalked e. i_J cl 22 jn.au
/9 variegum
variegated . iI el jn.au Pk . O. H. *
9535
acetsum
Sorrel-leaved
-*- i_J
oror
9536
icndene
Ehr.
climbing
9537
pmlum
W. Ehr. dwarf
- 1I
1_|
or
9538
stenoptalum
narrow-petalletlB1
I
953*' hylmdum Ait. bastard
. l_J oror
9540zonle IV.
coin, liorse shoen. |[or
marginatumSweet white-margined
cr
9541
Fothergdr -L||
l_J
954lJ FothergUll.
in'qun.ins AU. scarlft-flowered.
i1 oror
9543
544 lieterRamumL'/ifr.Bix-staineiied
mnstrum Ait. cluster-leaved -tL iiII ror
CGH - .*>
33 jn.au
my.s Pk
isoa r.m
Pk
ji Pk G H! I80a r.m
IfIt jnjn.ji
'liisssaa2 my.s
ap.d
22 ap.d
*fISggSf
22 ap,d
my.s
. .."
bt^r.i3
1784. r.>" &ri6
my.s
2 jl.au
5-15 inodrum /.
9615
Htor, (, Propaglo, Cu/ture,

,mblution and analf
SSiSr " "" "1 * 0 ""^ '"' "''1 lb PUrPO,M f I bulbou. rooted g*
".7!;"1,
f p=larBoim
generally
and a F1
"' mot ililbcult nature
They requin
plentyI,ofofairtheandea-iert
light,!''^r-watered,
not to ue ora
OlDIl .
573
M
10,
hairy
' forte. a
'--feS^
* wdh an appendage to the caw-f,^Tr%tr, ^'"ng, toothed......
a?cut
14.(0*
\%> tun*
aJ* j item
X-"'wwwwi
suutc*e ascending
a'cendint Lri
T TU' *"1* cut-toothed
looeaatftoary,
Pedunc. fin
petals *
purple
TT.^PI*^
Lve. Lva. ovate unequally
ry uroad
ovateUpper
toothed mi/L.
or cS
cut, Stipules
carnate,
petobovate
oval wavy
ilS; iol
Su*1 95l Stem ullruticoeete,ascending,
Lvs.
ovate
uo4ully,Ihed
"L'l'S
"''S
* Upper pelait marled above the ciato. Tube of stamens very short, 5fertile recurved, spreading, 5 sterile
PHTMAT*vs.
95 Sira tuffhiticose erect, Lvs. lane,straight.
villous cut-toothed
tnfid. Lindl
Upper petals blistered at base
IIa t 9.broodingImex,
Mtrhhii>h;m.theDectwo orPetals
4,lower
or rarely
5,smaller,
the two oolong-linear.
upper very large,Stamens
obovate,10,cunate,
marked with
three
much
with theirusually
tubeperennial
andfilaments
raickt,gencraU]i
with
5
anthers,
and
5
alternately
barren,
rarely
7
fertile.
Biennial
or
her!
rardj/ shrubby. Stems round. Leaves pinnate or tmate, ojien multtfid.
Stem
luffruticote,
Lvs,
S-parted,
Lhes
toothed
at
end
blunt
:
lower
obovate;
middle
ovate
often
trifid
*
Anthers
5.
Petis*.
S5* Stem herbaceous strigose ascending, Lve. hispid on each side rigid pinnated. Lobes cut-toothed
; lu*
lu*, S53 Stem herbaceous biennial somewhat downy, Lvs. bipinnate smooth. Lobes linear subpintiatitid
95 Stem herbaceous hairy suberect, Lvs.**bipinnatifid,
Anthers 5. Segm.
Petalslane,
5. blunt toothed at end
Stem
herbaceous
biennial
hairy
erect,
Lvs.
pinnated
hairy
beneath
smooth1-fl.above, Lobes toothed
***
Anthers!.
Petals*.
Sres
hairy, Lvs. bipinnate,
Lobes
linear smoothish.
wJ9 Stem
Stem herbaceous
herbaceous procumbent
smooth, Lvs.
subbipinnatifld
toothed,Pedunc.
Pedunc. many-fl. capitate
1 10. SstTMOCUi. Sweet Petals 2, distinct at base, abruptly refiexed in the middle. Stamens 5, nearly equal,
in a long
straight
tune,on allfertile.
w!P.
, ** roundish
cordateacute
bluntish
entire
ciliated
shining
thepentandrous
upper side
9*31 Leaves
ovate entire
smooth,
Umb.
simple,
Flowers
l coiored
IL Je4ki4sonia.
Sweet
Petals
5,
the
two
upper
much
larger
than
the rest,atemarginate
lines, the 3lower much smaller. Stamens 10, ascending, spreading
end, hairyatatend,
base,striatedwith
7fertile, of
kk
three upper are shorter, the three sterile shortened, subulate, of equal length. Stems sltrubby.
rtimersthetarge.
am StembiPinr>atifid
hairy, Lvs.
Stempubescent
procumb. net.-*hairv. Flowers
J3
shrubby flexuose,
r- heptandrous, Petals 4 end
7 lower
mucharesmaller.
4" lower
loose;
P*, .
*5, unequal, the two
*** "** *W*thenearly
two upper
I 3"**
se^,shorter
ZZ?ndc.!Utrr<r
S ^ > > *
~. Jepals
inc. 4-fl.
Petals linear
S(|| i,,
~mj looed toothed zoned UDwarH ..
SSiSt*-.-
: ' ^ """-*- "I
Z }*' round
., eu con
! A- '""""irrb.cJi, 1^,"'/ '*
Mo J
.
*' "mmo^'0*- I' dl ma ' '*<.
"""" to M Md one """'b"
Class XVI.
74
N.HolL
...
r.m
Sweet
gtr.e
K_ 11 pr } my.o W
9546 glomcrtum
Jaetj. nothcai>ed
P. austrte Sweet,
of Willd. a. t_| or 2 my.o . G. H. 1734. S r.m Ca nisftlMl
9547 odoratissimum
Ait. sweet-scented
r.m Sweet
. G. H. ... S r.m
9548
frgrans W. Ait. Nutmeg-scent,
n. i I or 22 my.o
CadisAtUSt
G.G. H.IL 1731
ap.au
9549
GfMMClWIIf-rflLtt
17S8.
S r.mm Jae.eolAtffiU
my.jl Pk
9550 grossularioides
nceps Ait.
flat-stalked 4u IlAJ! orpr J \ my.au
1775
S
L'Her.it. t.'
Pa.Y
G
H.
9551
tabulare
L'/ler.
rough-stalked
]f
lAl
pr
S r.m
CavdistLM
Pk C. G. H. 1693.
my.o W
9552 alcheinillirides Ail. mantle-leaved lAJ lr JJ jnjl
1775.
r.m
L'Her.ger.t.11
G. H.
9553 seneciqldea L'Hcr. small whitc-fl. iQJ eu
S r.m JWchtUe
179L
RW. C.CG.G. H.
3S my.jl
9554
abrotanift>liurn,/(i<:e.Southcrnw..lv.
n.
i
]
or
1791.
my.au Pu C. G. H.
9555
W. L'J/cr. rut-leaved
176a S r.m
r.m
L'Her.gtt t l
H.
9556 incisuni
tenuirlium
fine.leaved tt.. i| ]1 oror 33 my.jl
1794
r.m
Sweet
Pa.Y
C.
G.
R
ap.au
95/
tripartltum
Sweet
triiid-leaved
I
or
1795.
r.m
Pater, get.
it t mp.
Pk
C.
G.
H.
9558 spinsum W.
thorny
tt i I or 3 my.jn
61
. I_J ft 1J my.jl G CG. H. 1712. r.m
gouty
9559 gibbsum W.
1724
R
r.m
Jac.ic.3t
58
G
Br
C.
G.
H.
il s G.Br C. G. H. 1812 R r.m Bot mag.
9560
flvum Ait.
carrot-leaved AA lAI
iJmy.o
9561
filipemlulitoliumSui.Dropwort-lvd.
lAI
ou
\
R
r.m
Sweeti-"
1 my.o G.Br
97I2
lAI
Cadis.4.U
G.Br C.C.C. G.G.G. H.
H.H. 1632.
9563 petllcelltum
tris'te Ait. Sweet long-stalked
night-smelhng AAA lAI
lAJ elcu
It 11 jnmy.o Y.Br
18S1. RRR r.m
r.m
Sweet.cor...
17ia
r.m
Swectett.il
9764
ech'-zoptalumSujert
cut-pctalled
Y.Br
C.
G.
H.
1 jl.au
... R r.m SweetH S
Q5C5
IF. Sweet C'owl'arsncp-lv.A
9566 lobitum
millefolitum
Milfoil-leaved A lAI
lAJ eu
1 Jjl.au Y.Br C. G. H.
... S r.m
iS
1723.
r.m Sweetger
Ca.dis.4.Llfei1 jl.au SS C.a G.G. H.
- iAJo
95477
sangulneum
fl'ennV. bloody
H. 181
r.m Swerter.i
C'elandine-lvd.
i 1 1J fl
flgidum
Ait.
Celai
1
mr.jn
8
9569 ignscens Sweet fiery
r.m Bot
1J my.o D.Pu C. G. H. 96.
9570quinquevMnprum
1778. R r.m
Bot rep
mas-'111
9571 bicolor Ait. IF.dark-flowered
two-colorcd tt-tt. 11 II oror ljjl.au ..11
14S
SS r.m
Sweetget
J mr.jl
Pa.Y
CO.
AA lAlpr
1795
r.m
nt.m-ig;
9572
pllens Sweet. M. pallid
mr.my
W
C.
G.
H.
lAI
pr
1800.
It
r.m
Botrep.
nonesuch
9573 pulcbllum
.g g" ;;m Sweet
i
A lAI prpr |I W;
9574
plctuin Pert. M. painted
my.au W.R C.O.R
t. t>. H- um:
per. IS
prickly-stalk, d A 23
9575
.
,jP im STXei
9576 echinatum
crassicale L'He ck-stalk A- j5]pr
9578
9579 cortueflium7,'//i-r.)rtuaa-lcaved
reniforme . M. Kidnc-y-leaved .* i_l or
9580
9581 ltenpee
pclttum L'Hcr.
AU.
9582 ovle L'Hcr.
9583 legans W.
Ivy-leaved
pellatcd
oval-leavcd
elegant
- i_J
- 1 I or
-. 11 II oror
Iglaficum L'Her.
glaucous-leavVl. l
5diversiflium
MVa<//.(liflrclit-leav*d
sharp-pointed ts.- i1 II oror
cu-piiitum
11'.
W.7. sister
glauc.
tern.-lvd.Tl.- i1 |I oror
9,s: sorrium
Uevifottura
great-flowered
581 grand66rum
variegtum W.W. varicgated-flow.n. ; | or
9591)
9791 saniculreflium
ptulum Jncij. W. spreading
Suniele-leaved tt.n. | i el
fusctum Jnerj. dark.marked - \ I '
06 **_
9S48
2 jn.au
2 jn.au
U3 my.jl
mr.jn
33
3
33
3
3
33
-
G H 1774. S r.m L-Her.ger.tS

C.G. H. 1795. r.m Bot- rep.
jn.au
H.
jn.au W.vyC.
W.vyC. G.G.G. H.
jn.au
W.vyC.
H.
ap.jl
W.vy
my.au
H.
apjl W.vy
W.vyC.C. G.G. H.
apjl W.vy CG. H.
apjl Pk.vy
jn.au
Pu.vy C.C. G.G. H.
H.
p.jl Pu.vyC. G. H.
1775.
174.
rm Swectger.
1794.
1812.
1812.
I80&
MIS
r.m Sweet
ger.Jr.m
Cadis-H-l1r.m Jac.lc3.t5tl
r.m
r.m J*
Jar. b-tfL,
ic J-t w
.9557
9564
V Cu/lnre,
9'G6
.p.niej,jM emr,mo,i tYee.grotrtruJ kinds
/Inlurff,
Vse, Propagation,
. re of loam ami
will
thrive
well
.....
. . -,elegans, ,
docajed leaves will suit them very well : the dwarfer woody kinds, as P. ,..t
tricolor,
- "''
bcOMkia
Stem
diflusc,
Lvs.
cord,
somewhat
lobed bluntly crcnatc villous beneath, Pet larger than calvx 57
l - ;
^StendlflW
Lt
cord
mm,h0
:
95*7 Branches
Stem fleshyspreading
very short,
Branche
herbaceouslong
diffuse,
Lvs.
roundish
cordate toothed
very sortvery soft
tt
soil
with
down,
Lvs.roundish
roundishcut
cordate
aboutPedunc.
SJobcdabout
bluntly
ii *
- Eni" 95*9 Stems square very smooth, Lvs. cordate
toothed,
-ll.
3S50 Stem
Stemshispid,
aeornered
2-edged
smooth,
Lvs.blunt
cordate
roundish
lobed
toothed,
-'* 9551
Lvs.
reniform
,l_5-lnbedpalmate
toothed
atI'edunc.
endobsulctcly
smoothisli,
l'c.iunc.
long Uinb.
2-4-fl. many-fl
' rain*
RiAi Stem
Stem erect,
villous,Lvs,
Lvs.bipinuatifid
cordate SJobed
villous,
Stigma
Cu>* 9&i
laciniate smooth,
Involucres
andfew-fl.
calyxes
bluntensile
I B. palmately
Stem halfj-cut.
shrubby.
Lobes somewhat
multyid. hispid
cinereous
velvety
lx>besLeaves
linearpinnule.
tnfid.Petals
Calyxes
Wj3 Leaves
I-eavesicut
dark-green,
Lobes distant
."i-parted
laciniated,
linear
flaccid
? *)"
astern
fleshy
naked
erect,
Leaves
hairy
bipinnate
decompound,
Lobes
linear
i*1 9557 Leaves ^parted fleshy cut-toothed glaucous, Segments subsessilc cuneiform. subulate
Honeyfew-fl.
*pur very long
Cui
tritid toothed. Petioles and stipules persistent spiny, Uinb. comp,
IS * Leaves'. C.cuneiform
Stem half^hrultby,fleshy,
leaves
trifidorpinnate,fleshy.
Petals
yellow
sh brmvn.cut-toothed
9w9Stem
with
tumid
articulations,
Leaves
pinnate
of
1
or
'2
1rs
with
an
odd
one
blunt
cunate
ra fu* ) D. Nearlyslemless. Rootfascicled, tubt'rous. Lewes decompound, laciniated. Petalsyellowish tM
SWJ Leavesdecompound laciniate hairy, Segm. linear, Umb. many-It.
9561 Leaves
Leave* smooth
hairv pinnate,
Segm.
bipiunate
; divisionsreflcxed
ovate attoutlied
somewhat
acute Fis, on verylongstalks
...l Et:4'-"
Ii:^ 95*
ciliatedSegm.
fleshy bipinnatirld
-7-Iobcd toothed
end,
Umb.
many-flow.
Hii
Leaves hairy
pinnate,
;
divisions
linear
acute
S lai* 9j* Leaves
tenate oblong
blutit wavy
hairy3-5-lol>cd
on each sinuate-toolbed,
side and revolutoScape
at end,divided
Petals fi-parted multifid
leaves decompound
cordate
downysmooth,
beneath
bluntly
9M6 Leaves
Leaflets"cut,
Segments channelled linear,
Calyx reflexed,
\ E. Stem
or somewhatfleshy.
Leaves
divided,decurrent,
cut or toothed.
Petalsscarlet or crimson.
K67 Leave*
hairyshort,
pinnated,
Segments
laciniate
piimniilid
I-obcs
line"'
.
laciniate
pinnatifld
decurrent,
I-obes
linear
... pinnatitid
ireiats1lanceolate
scann or i
3-parted,
cune-ite
Middle
Inh*
Leaves cord.
iparted,
Segm.Segm.
sessile
cunate
cut toothed.
toothed,
lobe -"
larger
I (ai* SoLeares
cord, 3-lobed,
3-loberfLeaves
tootlieil
: lateral
bilid ; middle 3-lobed,
Stipules
cord, acura. somew. toothetl
S
F.
Stem
ha(fshrubby.
leaves
lobcd,
hairy.
Petals
with
a
broadpurple
spot
in the naa\Ue.
B Leaves
Leaves cordate
hispid 3-parted,
Lobes :linear-l.mccolute
9ji1
ifld wavySegm.
hairymultilid,
blunt toothetl
lateral segmentsserrated
3-lobed ; upper5-lobed,
\ Ci. Stemflethy,halfshrubby. Leavesoblong, 0offener cordate, somewhat cut. Stipuleslanceolate, spreading,
Leaves
Leave* oblong
3-partedhairy.
Lateral segments
smallertuberous,fascicled.
; term, long cut-toothed, Pet spreading
acute. united
Roots
p^S
lobed pinnatitid,
Petioles
atlobed
base,toothed
Umb. many-flowered
Leave* cord. obi. subruncinate toothed downy, Scape branched, Umb. many-fl. Involucre leafy
s -il* 9571
ti3. Leave*
ovate
conlate
somewhattootheii
lobed crenate
beneath,
spinypedicel
wilt
reniform
obKUmioate
silky on villous
each side,
HractcsStipules
4 timespersistent
shorter than
~ii L&tves
reniformcut-lobed
obacuminate
toothed
silky
on each
side.Honey-tulie
Bracte twice
as short
as pedicels
*'.a
Leave*
cordate
wavy
bluntly
toothed
downy,
i
times
as
long
Sj() Leaves reniform crenate-toothed downy beneath. Stipules persistent dilated at base as calyx
\ H. Stem ihrubby,flcsky. Leaves peltate, or cordate 'Uolrd,fleshy. Honey.tubc as long as stalk. Stipula
. eehy round. Leaves cordate 5-lobed

broad ovate. *
r??i
^h!SnKmd'
"
"
'
' Blr,m^M
. 1, I, fleh ..-We.e4Wdate-Lini*T,/<'w,/t'>
**** 7\oo
smooth
"mtb , LcavSS '1' " be, lito ^n llnrar 'c. Pcdunc. bout I
-W0
957., ^ J!, US taK!a"' : '""J above; ULperipaned

15?9
576
9594 penicilltum W.
1794.
#:
jn.au
9597 tomentsum Jacq. Pennyroyal
W.
jn.jl
my.jn W.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
1790.
1798.
ap.jl
mrjl
mr.jl
mr.jl
Pu
Pu
Pu
Pu
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
1724.
1774.
mr.jl
ap.jl
mr.jl
ap.my
jl.s
mrjl
mr.jl
Pu
Pu
Pu
Pu
Pu
Pu
Pu
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
ap.jn
apji
Pu
Pu
Pu
Pu
Pu
C.
C.
C.
C.
n.du
* L-J or
currant-leaved ri. LJ or
9598 ribiflium Jacq.
rt. LJ or
9599 papilionceum Ait. Butterfly
9600 cordtum Ait.
heart-leaved
ri. LJ or
9601 rubrocinctum Link. red-edged
* Ll or
9602 conduplicatum W. curled-heart-lv.ri-L or
96.03 cuculltum Ait.

96.04 specisum W.
|:
hooded-leaved tt. LJ or
specious
rt. LJ or
concave-leaved n-u or
Maple-leaved re-u_U or
Marshmallow-lv.m. u_J or
Barrington's re. LJ or
96.05 cochletum W.
96.06 aceriflium L'her.
9607 angulsum Ait.

9608 Barringtnii Jy.
9609 Watsonii Link.
Watson's
ri-L-J or
9010 adulterinum L'Her. hoary trifid-lv.

9-11 semitrilobum Jacq. three-lobed
9612 vitiflium Ait.
Vine-leaved
Rose-scented
9613 capittum Ait.
red-flowered
96.14 rubens Jy.
ft. LJ or
* L-J or
n. LJ or
it. LJ or
ri. LJ or
blunt-lobed
* L or
9616 tricuspidtum L'her.three-pointed ri. Jor
96.17 scbrum Ait.
rough wedge-lv.n-u- or
9618 hermannifolium.Jac. Hermannia-lv. n-u-jor
curl-leaved
*-L-J or
96.19 crispum Ait.
96.20 exstipultum Ait. soft trifid-leavd.tt. LJ or
* L-J or
96.21 pustulsum Sweet pimpled
pale-flowered n. L. or
9622 pllidum W.
ternate
*-L-J or
9623 terntum Jacq.
96.15 obtusifolium Ait.
9624 querciflium Ait.

96.25 gravolens Ait.
9626 glutinsum Ait.
9627 hispidum W.
96.28 rdula Ait.
96.29 balsmeum Jacq.

9630 sperum W.
Wvy C. G. H.
ncilled
* Llel
irch-leaved re-u-Jel
9596 formosis'simum Pers.superb white ra. Uel
9595 betulinum Ait.
Oak-leaved
*. LJ or
Odor of Rose n- U_J or
clammy
* L-J or
hispid
*-u- or
Rasp-leaved
n-u-J or
balsamic
ti-u-J or
rough multifid re-u-J or

9631 denticultum Jacq. tooth-leaved
tr. L J or
9632 delphiniflium W. Larkspur-leav. *-L or
ap.au
ap.au
my.jl
H.
H.
H.
H.
Pk.vy C. G. H.
Pu
C. G. H.
Pu
Pu
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
Pk.vy C. G. H.
Pu
Pu
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
...
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
H.
H.
H.
H.
H.
Africa
9633 discipes Haw.

96.34 sprium W.
96.35 grtum iv.
central-stalked ri. D. cu
spurious
*- U_J or
Citron-scented n-u-J or
ap.jl
9636 nthum W.
mixed
n. L-J or
ap.jl
*-L or
tr. L or
*-u-J or
tr-u-J or
ap.au Pk
my.au W.vy C. G. H.
C. G. H.
my.au C
9637 consanguineum IV. kindred

9638 Willdenvii Link. Willdenow's
96.39 unicolrum W.
96.40 alnifolium W.
96.41 amplissimum W.
self-colored
Alder-leaved
stately
* L or
ap.au
r.m.
T.In
Jac.ic. 3. t. 538
>
T.In
T.In
T.In
T.In
Sweetger. 27
Bot. mag. 165
T.m.
r.nl
r.m.
T.In
r. nn
r. In
I.Dn
Caidis.4.t.10.6.f.:
Pk.v.y
#Pk
my.au Vivy C. G. H.
C. G. H.
my.au W
ap.au Pk
ap.au Pk.vy C. G. H.
mr.jl
my.jn
my.jl
mr.jl
jls
jls
jn.jl
ap.jl
##
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
mr.au
Bot. mag. 148

Sweet ger. 215
G.
G.
G.
G.
W.hor.be.i. t.32
r.m.
r.m.
T.In
Wvy C. G. H. 1759.
W.vy C. G. H.
ap.au Pu
my.au W.pu C. G. H.
ap.au W.vy C. G. H.
ap.jn
jl.n
Class XVI.
Bot mag. 518
L'Her ger. t.21

Cadis.4t-112.fe
Sweet ger. 130
r.m
r.m.
T.In
r. nn
r.In
Sweetger. 22
T.In
T.In
r. In
r. In
r.m.
T. m.
r.m.
r. In
I. In
Sweetger. t.8
LHer ger. t.30
r.m.
r.m.
r.m.
T.In
T.In
T.In
r. In
T.m.
r. In
Jac.schoe.2.t-1S6
Cadis.4t 111.f3
And...ger.c. ic.
Jac.ic. 3. t. 542
Jac. ic. 3. t. 545
L'heger. t.32,33
L'Herger. t.35
Sweet ger. t. 11
Sweet ger. 165
L'Her ger. t. 14
LHer ger. t. 17
Bot mag. 143
Caidis.4.t.110.f.1
Bot.mag.95
Jac.ic. S. t. 543
Roth.abhantil0
Sweet ger. 109
r.n
ap.jl
ap.jl
Pk.vy
......
Pu
tuberous rooted kinds thrive best in very sandy loam and peat, and require no water after they have flowered,
till they begin to grow afresh. Cuttings of the shrubby kinds strike root freely under hand-glasses in the same
ORDER III.
MonADELPHIA HEPTANDRIA.
* B. Flowers white, or scarcely rose-colored; two upper petals deep-red, lined.
577
Leaves ovate, cordate, or reni
Jorm toothed, undivided.
2594 Lvs. ovate cut serr.; the younger scabrous backwards; adult nearly smooth, Stipules ovate acuminate
9595 Leaves ovate unequally serrate smoothish, Stipules ovate-lanceolate, Peduncles 2-4-flowered
9596 Umb many-fl. Leaves ovate acute concave rigid somew. lobed uneq tooth. truncate at base many-nerved
C. Petals white, narrow.
Leaves cordate, soft with down.
Stipules spreading much.
9597 Stem shrubby fleshy, Branches peduncles and leaves hirsute, Leaves cordate hastate 5-lobed very soft
9598 Stem shrubby fleshy, Branches and pedunc. subhispid, Lvs. cord. hastate 5-lobed rough, Umb. many-fl.
* D. Leaves cordate, flat, toothed. Lower petals linear; upper purple, lined.
9599 Branches leaves and pedunc. hairy, Leaves cordate roundish angular toothed, Umbels panicled many-fl.
9600 Lvs. cord. acute toothed flat hoary beneath and downy, Branches and ped pilose, Lowerpet subulate-lin.
96.01 Leaves cordate acutely crenulate quite smooth, Stipules linear reflexed, Umbels many-flowered
96.02 Leaves roundish ovate truncate subcordate at base cut-toothed wavy beneath hoary pubescent
* E. Leaves cordate, or cuneate, toothed, undivided, or lobed. Lobes blunt, not divided down to the middle.
Flowers purple. Lower petals oblong or obovate.
1. Leaves undivided, cucullate.
96.03 Leaves reniform cucullate toothed pubescent, Branches and peduncles softly hispid, Lower petals oblong
96.04 Leaves roundish truncate reniform with acute cartilaginous teeth many-nerved subpubescent
96.05 Leaves roundish ovate subcord concave somewhat angular serr, pubesc, Honey-tube the length of calyx
96.06 Leaves cun, at base entire at end palmately 5-lobed toothed many-nerved rather villous, Stip, cordate ovate
9607 Leaves truncate at base subcucul roundish bluntly 5-lobed toothed pubesc. Stipules cord. ovate acuminate
96.08 Leaves reniform blunt cucullate toothletted hairy on each side, Umbels many-flowered
96.09 Leaves cord roundish somewhat lobed tooth-crenate wavy at edge, Stipules cord. acute somew, toothed
2. Leaves lobed, flattish.
9610 Leaves cordate bluntly 3-lobed wavy villous soft, Pedunc. about 2-flowered
95ii Leaves truncate at base subcuneate 3-fid flat hairy, Lobes divaricating serrated at end, Lower petals lin.
siz leaves cordate 3-lobed roughish blunt toothed, Stipules broad cordate, Stem erect
gois Leaves cordate lobed wavy softly villous toothed,
broad cordate, Stems diffuse
96.14 Lvs. subcord acute slightly 5-lobed serrated, Umb. 5-fl. subcapitate, Ped, scarcely longer than involucrum
3. Leaves lobed
Lobes acutely cut at end.
9615 Lvs. deeply 3-lobed, Lobes round blunt unequally toothlett, Veins ben, and cal. roughish, Stipules cord.
*16 leaves cuneate at base trifid, Lobes acute: middle longer subserrate with a midrib muricated beneath
gon Leaves cuneate at base trifid rough, Lobes lanc. loosely serrated, Pedun. 1-4-flowered
9518 Leaves cuneiform distichous rough plaited truncate at end cut-toothed, Peduncles 2-flowered short
96.19 Leaves distichous roundish fleshy subcuneate at base trifid wavy plaited rough toothed, Pedun, about 2-fl.
esco Leaves truncate cord 3-lobed toothed hoary, Stipules scarcely any, Peduncles 3-4-flowered
agellower 1vs. deeply 3-lobed beneath pustular, Lateral lobes unequally and toothed
96.22 Leaves deeply Lobes unequally and acutely toothed at end beneath and at edge rough
9623 Leaves 3-parted cuculiate rough, Lobes cuneiform cut-serrate at end: the middle one trifid
* F. Leaves divided beyond the middle. Lobes toothed, cut, or pinnatifid. Flowers purplish or pale,
96.24 Leaves cord pinnatifid with rounded recesses, Lobes blunt crenate, Branches and petioles hispid
96.25 Leaves palmately 7-lobed, Lobes oblong blunt toothed revolute at edge, Umb, many-fi capitate
26 leaves cord hastate 5-angled toothed viscid smoothish, Umb 2-4-fl. Honey tube a little longer than calyx
$627 Leaves palmatifid downy hispid, Lobes acuminate cut toothed, Umb panicled many-fl.
*28 leaves palmated rough, Lobes narrow pinnatifid revolute at edge, Segm. linear, Umb, few-fl.
55.29 Leaves palmated roughish cuneate at base, Lobes lanc. remotely toothed, Umb few-f.
50 Leaves somewhat palmated rough, Lobes 5-7-oblong blunt crisply toothletted at edge, Umb. 5-fl. in heads
assi leaves palmated viscid smooth, Lobes linear pinnatifid repan toothed flattish, Umb, few-fl.
962 Leaves rough palmate 5-lobed, Lobes oblong serrated: middle 3-lobed, Umbels few-fl. compound
-
i Uncertain species.
9633 Stem fleshy branched arboreous, Lvs. cord. peltate pubesc, variably glauc. Petiolesvillous without stipules
* Leaves reniform distichous sightly 3-lobed blunt
toothed wavy
96.35 Leaves slightly trifid unequally and acutely toothed wavy hairy, Peduncles 2-4-fl.
poss Leaves roundish ovate blunt subtrifid folded together wavy toothed hairy beneath, Sepals erect
967 Leaves slightly 3-lobed flat blunt, Lobes divaricating unequally and finely toothed, Pedunc 3-fl.
9638 Leaves roundish cuneate slightly 3-lobed wavy toothletted, Branches petioles and peduncles villous
96.39 Leaves roundish cuneate slightly 3-lobed # toothletted, Honey tube twice as short as reflexed calyx
9640 Leaves ellipt, blunt: floral obsoletely subtrifid unequally toothed somew, cuneate and entire at the base
95.41 Leaves flat very smooth half round 7-lobed serrated slightly cordate at base, Pedunc 2-5-flowered
and Miscellaneuus Particulars.
ori
ts, without being covered by glass, and placed in a shady situation, Many of the kind:
: :il,
by pieces of # roots, or rom seeds."The tuberous rooted kinds may be propagated
Pp
cu xn tell
MONADELPHIA HEPTANDUA.
Garden VarieUet.
61 cltum 8meetger-&
31 ralorcphalon Srin-rf ger. 201
I Aceroldee Stoeetger. 242
21 elctum
Da 38
32
calyclniim
/>o. 81 Do. 251
SS acutUbiiin
Do.
184
S3 CatnpylisHrum
fi4 legaiis
elcgan (Hoarea)
tUlmacna)Dt
affluer* Do. 194
34
cindidum
Do
128
65
legans
(Cammlia)
.4
45 arid
um Do.
Do. S
261
35 cardiifrlium Do. 15
6667 erctum
Do. Da.
141
AllnU
.lu
36
cerlnum
Do.
176
ertophyllum
7 amop'num
Do.
121
lab
3738 cha?rophfllum
Do. 257Do. 124 68 exlmium Do.
Do, 1)Do. 233
chrysanthemifclium
8 tt'mnlum
anthri*cif"lium
6
Fai^lia
39
coarcttum
Do.
70
70 flexuwm Do.
Do.Do.
45 231
40 ColviUUtnum Do. 260
71 floccosum Do. 129
10II9 rdens
ardcsceiie
4142 Compona:
( M| villi, Do.Do.
86 122
7273 flridum
41
armtum
Du.
214
formsumDo.Do..Va
12 aapei-ifolium Do. 169
43 cmptum Do 55
74
fusctum
Do.
1314 atrot'iscum
Do.
82
444 i couclnnum
concvum Do.
>7
7576grandidenttuUi
glauciiflium
Do..7
Do.140- 108
15 atropurprouin
atroaangutncuni Do.
Do.152151
46
concolor
Do.
77
Grenvilliium
lfi17 aurantlacum
Do.
198
47
corecana
Do.
173
7879 Hammenlia:
4849 Cosminum
Dager.
189
. ^ r<r.
18 Baileynura
Bdkcrinura Du.
Do.Do.872+0I2T
80
Hoarenum Do.SJ
50 crcntum
crenultumAmi.
Suretger.
162
81
Husscynum
Da
20ll21 Barnardinum
Beadni
Do.
11
51 cruntum Do. 170
8283 imhrutum
Do. W
w
Bcaufortinum Do. 138
52
Daveynum Do.Do.3220
incaiisccnsiDo.
2223 bellulum
DoDo.60142
53
Doiiiiisnurn
84incrvum
Do
-*-'
biparttum
54
ger. 195
8586 inscriptum
24 Blandl'oniinum Do. IUI
55 dcnttum
dcpndvns And.
Swetger.
intertxtumDo.Da
25
blndum
Do.504
SlnrolucrtummaMnu*
56
.liftiir'me
Do. 105 Do. 220
26
Boylea:
Do.
57
Dimacriarfrum
&3. 1
2728 BrightiSnum
Do. 227
58
847253
89 jjrauiltlnimi jo-"*1
Broughtnia; Do.
181
59 fttuctum
I )i> trucanunDo.Do.
HKill'gii .2
29
Brwnii
Do.
146
60
dumesura
Do,
19
30 Breeeinum Do. 64
OCTANDHIA.
AlTOMA.
14(2. 1. W. Cape
\ W.
573
ravf.'-Hill. i 1>
tl46..
GERA'NIUM.
9643 sitilricum
W. SiU-riaii
bloodv
1,
9644
sanftutioum
ff.
ho.irv mutifid -tCfc -S
9645
incnum
If.W.
ilky-leaved
.AJ prprpr
9646
cancsccn*
silvery-leaved
_)
9647
argntcinnI. '. grey
9648vtium
Anemone-hd. .3l | | Prorpr
9649 anemoneftium
If. loiig-ri4>tcd
9650
macrorh.zum
If.
9651
MvfMi
ff. tulnTuim-rnoL
cl1"
llierian
9652
ibricum
If.
pr
knotty
9653
nodsnm
W.
nnguLir.6talkc< 1>un
9654
9655 angultum
Walrhiiuimff. St. Wallich'e
9656
vlasNovinum
9657
striatum
ff.ff. Fach. rt'flex^flowered ^ *
4658
reflxuin
dusky
5 oror
9659
pha?'um
W.
brown
9ti60 racum If.
or
wriiikled-leav'd^jt
9661
lividuni
if.
woolly-stamen.
%4 el
9662
Fisch.
wood
9663
ylvticum
ff.
el
9664
0665 pratense
lon'gipe* If
Dec. Crowfoot-lvd.
long-stalked 5^
LoHdesii
Fisch.
1 G.titntaccx
jnjl
M
iine
my.jl Pk
iny.jn
t1 J"jn.au
jl if
31 my.au
my.jn
III jii..
my.au Pu
Pk
J1 my.o
Pu
my.jn
1 f my.au
my.au ItPu
1 my.o St
It1 my.jn
apjn "
11H jnjl
jn. -,
Ii my.jn
1 '"
my.jl)!
Siberia
li;i8- "U J1 JatrittlU .
Britani
rc:k>Ur.d.tl*B
(. GG. H.
H. 17111.
1787. SS MO
r.jn L H | '
S. Euroi* llW. D
Pvreneee
... ^S r.m
Ma-leira 1788.
Italy 1576. s-' MLM
Uly
sr-tger
Levant moun.
1 'f
DU
England
O t B0t.l?
Nep 1819. l>-
Crimea
Italy 18SI.
Kl. D 1i. * "f. IM
{S?
17 D JM lilg. bot S3
England m.lhL
.
I/Her.crr.t
"SS
Britain mihi- g 4 ""MW
Britain J^g Eng. -**
Mfw. t ie. Pi **. Culture.

leSt
ilKTde of the roots, or by 8ee.U, F the general treatment of each
"^.eniSgf^"
^'&^1".
ônrthrive,
of IheeillatelMr.
Alton,oftheandyloam
King'. P"^"
""". " which
an William
equal mixture
and peat*'.mmg
>
DRU * tawlll
Lambert] Swcderr 104

9tffillcuini
tallrumfio.fio156216
alinctum
fio. 6fio 44
luteum
Lousadinum
rf. r
mcriniho,,
w328 M
Mmdlrinum
lio.
-fc)-' 10! mixtum 71 s
-.bel'
Mmcltum
SM
J"
Mottjn Do.Do.
,10/ 16
*
Mutravnum
107 mutlale fio "
105 nanum fio. log
'*"' unten 0.47
.atU
*
steil
'
**"
fi. 9
I otacumm
ubtuiitilium
IJScatfbOe
fio,aDo. 25
'
1Pauloa,
omatum fiofi0.39 53
la) panniullium fio. 9
Gartfem Faretit
m viten.
prtlcepsDoSmctger.
}'-*
125 49
paucidenttum
124So pectlnlKIIura
pavonlnum Dofio.40Do.66 186
l>> phiilcoum fio. 207
127p;ngulf|ura
12 pUnlfllum fio.fio.21952
13(1 fttoclptae
Potteri fio fio.
147 139
2
W pubescen
AM.ger.
S: pulchrum
'**
134
fio. 107Suxttgn.
'J?
PUlvcruliltum
fio
218
6
Pyrcthriflium fio.
Jj ramulsum
177; 153
1J8
recurvtura fio.
fio
s><143
.V
rP'iculit""
Do.
1
,tl ngfecem
;nge" ).fio.
56112150
1
IlobiiHoni
fio.
143
ro undilbum
W rugeum
rubfecen,
fio. 30fio. S5S
fc
And.ger.
baundnli fio.SoV
T
Do. 117
9 ^rboruvc
Klntlllam
OScti
fio. fio
264 28
1525octum
fio.laf159
153 adenlflium
154
fio.
fio. 221
Jg bmlthii
*ymoiSrm>
fia
37
156
fio.
no
157 spectiblle
solubile fiofio.24136
158
160 atritum
tstapeltnifio.fio.1 212
161
162
Milphreuin
163
rhyti'iie* fio.fio.fio.
74163
164 torretactum
Tibbitslnum
loo
fio 243158
166 tyriiithinurn
167
Vandsia'fio.fio.1667fio. 183
168 veniflrum
varmm
169
fio.209258
170 vemtum
vensum fio.fio.
171
172
verbasciflrum 167
fio. 157
173
verbcniefliura
1/4 vegpertlnum.
versicolor fio.fio78fio239149
175
176 villsum fio. 1(U
iS Um?!?" 00
179 Yourig fio. 131
OCTAKDRIA.
DECAXDRU.
1!JS
v.Calyxes
..--.Lobes
i.< ciliate
.! atlin.end.villous
Cal. globose1
inflat.
,r>-7-parted,
caseto the Iir.md.es,"Leaves
5-parted,
piimately
cut serrate
,~- viiiom tlichotomous.Leaves
1 ijinnatcly cut,
aapilar,
mSt 4"rornm4t'Rad,bower
; 3-looed,
Iôbcs
oblong
acuminate
serrate.PeUls
Pet. emarjiinate
lcaveileaves
7-lobed5-lobecl
cauline
5-lobed, \
oblong
acuminate
toothed,
e.narginate
ular,
Leavesovaloppwitc
5-lobed,
Lobes cunate
ovateconnate
lobed-tonthed,
Stio. connate
bed. Lobes
acuminate
rut-(oothed.
tiuules
bitid
Globed,; upper
lîbes
ovate acute
tootheil,tootned
Sti[iulesat distinct
IOun<K Leaves. n>ei
alti-rn.5-lobed
5-7.-<1; ui-
cut-toothed
sessile,
Petalscutreflexed
end
i*'
i * 9
lS?A?u!Ml'
cut-toothed ; uiiper seseik', Petals spreading entire, EUMMpM biiiry at bat
uE r*am'
& lMt' l-0**'"Globed
with
fusc.UMK-tais
1,
"
the
pclAt
are
rc-cc4ored
and emarginate : lower on long stalksaltern. ; imp. sess. opp.
HU
simo 1 siml'tt'' Lvs 5-lobed,
U>lesovate coarsely
9^'5'1'1<,1'
Lvs- *bout7-lobed,
1.toothed
cutserr. Ped. corymbose, Pet somew. emarginate
;> S^^j^tdowny
Lv-*bout
7-lobed,
I^bes
linear obi. cutLobes
serrate,
Pcd.coarsely
somew. cut,
corymb.
-m round erectimooth, Leaves palmate sub|eltate5-7-lobcd,
oblong
Ped.Pet.
veryentire
long
lM Winged I,.."-.'/ooiu Particin.

r""""lri
""Utblrd. The arc BMtfy^WfOK
'.,'1'"1 .
a crane,
cansttle and thcgla
pianta. in many
ca**thebeing^,
Class XVI. I.
MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
80
CaT.disAlSM!
Amer.
1732.
D
il
5666 macultum W. potted
5 1J my.au
my.au Pu
Pu Siberia 1915.
hill
1732. DD ros. Sweet ger.3
9667
colllnum
W.
jo.au Pu Germany
Sljmyjn
marsh
9668
pah'irtre
W.
1775. UD 4M L'Her.ger.t
Aconite-leaved 1*un 1 myjn Pu Switserl.
9669
aconitiflium
W.
Dahuria
182a
un { my.au Pu N. ZeaL UM. D M Sweet get. 14
9670 dahfiricum Dec. Dahuriaii
9671
Font.W. en. piloae
V DL L. 1816.
Pu
Sweetbotser.
small-flowered 5 un I I my.jn
9672 pileun.
parviflrum
1818. DDD a>e.l Eng.
my.au Pu
R Nepal
Nepal
Britain
mapa.
9673
i 11 Jn.
my.au
FU rar. Ut.
9674 nepalnse
pyrcnicumSweet
mountain
Hungary
1804.
I)
o>
Pu
Eng.
bou
naked-stalked
1*
9675
urabreum
P.
S.
Britain
wae.gr.
w
Pu
i
ap.au
778
DoveVfoot
ww * jn e Pu England was.gr. S
9676m611e
W. W.
Eng.boUlS7
tmall-flowered
England
gra
.
S
9677
puslllum
Pk
round-leaved ww }ijn.jl
9678
rotundiflium
Britain
chaba.
SS Em.
Pk
Eng. bot
bot M1
Iong-stalked
W i jn.il
Britain
waa.gr.
9679
columblnum
IT.W. jagged-leaved
Pu
my.jl
Cai.llU'!
N.
Amer.
1725.
S
9680
dUactum
W.
W.vy
i jl.au Pu Bohemia 1683. S >.
un
9681 bohmicum
carolininum PA. ipreading
un 4 jn.au
Bohemian
Hungaryaton.pl.
1799. SS PUrar.h.it
968jl.au -Fil
Eng. bot.TS
un
9683 divarctum W.1. Btraddling
Pk Britain
ww 1i my.au
Britain
etan.pl.
S8 Eng.W>ul\
ahining
9684
lcidum
VULdetpbAlJ
R
Herb.Robert w 1 .o
Britain
...
9685 Robertiiium W. purple
apo Pu
9686
if. . Lam-ash
... D -1 Cav.disAUifcfc
9687 purpureum
L;m<-;istnprm-MV/A.
P' jn.. St BriUin
Leguminoict. 1.13. 1793. r.l Jacal r.uH
Bbownea.
fl464. BROW'NEA.
. W. W. scarlet
spl 18 jUu Se W.l
DODECANDRIJH,.mS.eetger.lil
r.m Sweet g" 77
MONSO'NIA.
W.
Mo-isOHlA.
ti4R5.
1774.
speciaa W.
large-flowered
9S89
1778.
Rg r.m
Bot mag '
W.
hairy
9690 pilea
1774.
lobta il'.
broad-leaved
1774.
r.m
r.m L'Her.gn.
WHai" Llovta
W.
oval-leaved
179(1.
spinea W.
thorny
Jac.siner.u
HELICTERES. W. Scew-Tee.
1466.
... Indies 173ft
Jac.vini"!*'
barunsia W.il'. amall-fruitcd
9694 jamaicnsia
Jamaica
1739.
Botrnag.^1
great-fruited
E.Bralil
Indies 1733.
BoLreg.9"
lera W. OU. East
Indian
vcTbascifolia
Mullein-leaved
Braiil 1820.
1823.
ferrugin&ta Link, rusty
So. *m1820. s.1 Cav.dis.StSS
tl467.
DoMBEVa.
IS ByUneriaceai.
... W Bourbon
Cav.dii3.uH
9699 DOMBE'YA.
tUiasfolia Can. J. linden-leaTed
9700 ferruglnea If. ferruginous $8! 15 ". W Mauritius 1815. 8.1
Sp. 2.
1468.
PENTAPETES.
W.acarlet-ower'd
Pentapetes. [ZSJ or 2 Btdlnervuxx.
s.p MilL.ictg1
jfau S India
9701
2 in s S N. Spain 1805. Cav.ic.t.*3>
9702 phntcea
ovta P. S.W.
oval-leaved B.Qor
J469.
. 1 spl 20 ByUneriaccx.
Sp. 1& . Bol.mag.je
9703 ASTRAPiE'A.
WalUchii Lindl.Unit.Wallich1!
Lau Pk Madagasc.
mag. *
H47tt
W. Ftehospehmum.
WE. Indies 781 p Bou
9704 PTEROSPER'MUM.
Buberifolium
W. various-lenvcd
J ICTJI oror 1010 ao
il a _ W
RE. Indies
1790.
~ P-p.l Bot mag. ow
970;i
acerifliuin
W.
Maple.leaved
f
M
W
Indies
182a
9706aeinisagitttumiloa,hal|-.sagittate 1 I or
9671
HUlory, UK, Propagation, Culture

cleg"11'."!?
i sei in others,
beingornamental
extremelyshewy
border-flowers.
The
G. UnMtn
Mi m0
, >4
<-..beautiful,
sanguincum
the
most
our
British
kinde.
G.
anemoiiilolium,
a
i-.<\
.
(|)e
.iditai
on account of its fine cauleecnit stem, loaded with large fern-like glossy ic.ivi
ereeii
its fine red
rich after
btoasoms
broader Browne,
than halfana English
crown. physician, ,-,'o.P1'b'""K'.,
, .,tl,hlwi . Natural
J.m and
.
Named
Dr. Patrick
vlil rc H1^,,,.
m Britu
%!
tJrV
Ithrooted
figuresplants
from the
pencil
of Ehret. root
A&^J^M***-..~to,
"J1ncir.Sents',wl-orS
best
suits
ripened
-~~T"
. _s,J^q
14~
'. ,'',;?"'""ua.
memorv
Lady. said
a. lady
eminent
r ,,i .m
, '"''" il
"ii'innrv
Annun :toMonson,
mand
;:-'',,
i;i-: cuttings
\ il.of; ! compta
in':
i" inbotanical
;fS?
.uifrtutl
S|"4i
*In1,1
Indies,ofin and
have
siste.1
?ESI.
a,ld tcareBotanyit.crcaPd bl
S thXoot,^^1' ''''""* : the>' gf0W "" 1Utl> |0
OiDuV.
MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
581
9G6fi
Stem
somew
anguL
erect
dichotomous
pubcsc
backw.
Lvs.
S-5-part,
cut-toothed
:
radie,
on
lone
stalks
9fi7StemangulardiflUicpubec.backw. Lve.palmate 5-|>art.: lobes 3-lobed cut errate, Fed. and cal. vil), viscid
9ffiS
Stem decumbent
villous withLeaves
spreading
hairs,7-paried
Leaves: lobes
5.7-lobcd
: Peduncles
lobes cut-toothed,
very long hairy
SiSlem
ascending
smoothish,
peltate
cut.
calyx3Ped.
villous
9tT70
Stem naked
at base
erectsmooth,
Caul.
lve.peduncles
opposite3-5-part
: lobes
cut acute,and: Ped.
times
as longasleaf
971
Stemsdecumbent
branched,
Ptiole
and
hispid,
leaves
3-5-parted
lobes
linearblunt
trifid
92
Stems
decumbent,
Petioles
pedune.
and
calyx
smoothish.
Caul.
Ivs.
onp.
3-5-parted
:
lobes
trifid
toothed
W73Stem
prostrate
compressed,
Lvs.
opp.
5-lobed
:
lobe*
oblongunequally
toothed,
Ped.
elong.
andcal
ft* Stem erect branched. Leaves rcniform 7-lobed : segm. oblong obtuse trifid ; lobesj S-toothed hairy
9675
Stem
and nearly
naked.
Grains nearly
Otherwise
like the lastFruit smooth rugose
9)76
Leavesmore
rcn. flaccid
: rad9-lobcd
; caul.lobes
7-lobed
3-fid, smooth.
Petlength
bifid length
ofpointlesscal.
9(777 Radie,
I-eaves
7-lobed:
3-fid,: lobes
Petals
ofpointless
cal. Fruit
downyofawncdcal.
not rugose
9.78
lvs.fubreniiorm
renifonn 7-lobed;
caul, roundish
trunc.emarg.
at base5-lotwd
: lobes trifid.
Pet. length
967
Leaves
5-parted
:
lobes
multifld
linear,
Petals
cmarginate
length
ofawned
calyx.
Fruit
smooth
93 Lvi5-lob,
Leaves -parted : middle:
lobes trifid linear,
Petals cmarginate
length
ofawned
Fruit hairy
9681
SJ-fid,
Ped. ofstem
clustered
atend,
PetalsPetcalyx.
emargin.
calyx
98
Lvs.5-lobed:beyond
lobescunate lobes
ovatecut
cut-tooth.
Hair
spread,
hispid,
emarg. lengthofawned
length ofawned calyx
9683
Lrio-lob
:
upp.3-lob.
:
lobesobi.
coarsely
andirreg.
tooth.
Hairofstem
spread,
hisp.
Pet. shorterthancaL
9684
Very
smooth,
Leaves
rounded
5-lobed,
Calyx
pyramidal
angular
transversely
wrinked.
Fruit
muricate
!>&j
Leave*the;i-5-parted
trifidonlypuinatind.
Petalsthan
entirecalyx
twice aa long as the angular awned calyx
OS'S Ijke
last, but :thelobes
petals
a little longer
9687 Stemprostrate nodose, Leaves oppositedeeply 5-lobed
9688 Stamens length ofcor. Pedunc. aggregate, Branches s
smooth
usas. i-. with 2 bracte '

e subsessile, some onlong stalks
MH
Leave. U, finely .errate InnM^fsStn^S^^t!^SSi
Decandrom,
Leavescordatecrenatevelvety
with
down
on
each
de,
rWMn>"J"itJllJk vcry ta,,
Dccandroua,
cordateerrate
ovate tooth-serrate
acuminate'"^.,ic":"2"'
rough,
" S69)
Leave
cordateLeave,
acuminate
'
hamcordateUnceoUte
crenulatedowny
downygreen,
beneathPeduncle.
rutty, FL terminal subracemose*m
S6B9Young
cordate
7-nervcd
crenate,
CarnbbMd
Leave, leave,
downydowny,
beneathadultmoothiih
roiooth above ovate
obloug
7-nerved
.ubcoruate
pelute tootneo
TO1
Lear
hrtate
lanceolate
errate
silfi Leave* ovate lerrated
WISLeave,roundish cordate mahnte large. Stipule largepersistent oratewa
9W lesreioblong acuminatecoanely somewhat toothed at end,
J'b Uarw cordate blunt toothed
Leaver obloog acuminateentire cordate at baee sagittate on
9690
eS?"? * 1 . !*!*-- '-*tei.

Free.
ou
wi moistFrench'
heat. bt^^R
ravelled in Peru with
Pp
52
MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
t*7I.
MA'LOPE. W.W. Barbar?
Malofr. if
707
9708 malacoldc*
trifida W.
tririd
t*1472.
MAL'VA. W.H. . Jamaica
Mallow.
97W
trini!.p.lta
P7HJ americana
W.
American
rough-itemmed.
9711
schra
H'.
.9712
scopria W.H'.etk. Birrh-leaved
9713
borbnica
Bourbon
9714
po1y>tchya W, manv-spikcd
' l
8715
spicta
97I(i
_
J717 toment-t
Waltheriflia Unk, downy
9718
trachlir.'.liaL. LtiO-. soft-leaved
pointed
9719
gangtica
(anges
9720
domingnsis
Domingo
9721
leprosa Cap.*.Spr. leprous
9722
crtica
Candan
9723
hispnica
W.
Spanish
9724 stipulrca W.
long-slipuled
9725
tegypîa
Egyptian
972l
trilida
\V.
large-flowered
9727 Tournefortina ff. Tournefort's
9728
Alca
W.
Vervain
9729ft moschta
L.
musk
undulta Sime.
wavy
9730
Altna?a-like
97l altharo.de
mauritina Can.
W. Ivy-leaved
9732
sylvestris
Jr.
common
973d rotundii'lla
W. round-leaved 3t
pusilla Sm. 7),v
dxmrf
97.% brazilinsis
Brazil
9735
mit
roc-arpa
Dctf.
small-fruited
97;t(i parviflra W.
small-flowered
9737
verticillta
whorl-(lowered
9738 crispa
W.Stmt.ff. curled
9739
am'na
pleasant
9740
viruta jr.W.
twiggy
9741 cap-nuil
Cape
**
9742
balsmica
W.W. balsamic
9743
trulartyites
reflex.flowered
9744 divaricta . . straddling *
9745
retaa ir
blunt-leaved
974fi
calyctna
large-calyxed
9747
frgransW.If.
1.
fragrant
9748atrtcta
upright
*
9749bryonir.'.lia
W,
Bryony-leaved
9750
Gooseberry-lv. *
971 grossuIrifolia
acrrima W.cn.W. roughest
jetea
W.
paniclcd
white l
lita W.
painted
9754
opercuUta
W.
lid-capsuled
9756
peruvifiiia
Peruvian
975- capitata
llmniii jr.
ir.Jf.
blue-flowered
9757
various-leaved *
|97; abutltoldM
umbeilta .
9759
w umbelled
Bahama
*
}97fi0
legans
W.
degant
S976]
angustiflia
W. narrow-leaved **
7
carnliiiina
W
creeping
97'H prostrate
dccimbcneir. trailing
procumbent
9707 rf\
POLYANDRIA,
Sp.Barbar
1*. 1710. il
Mnlvacc.
jnjl Pu
un
Pu Barbar; 1808. S sJ
un 11 jl
Mafvaccer.
56-82.
India TSK.
flau
Y SpW.
W.India S
pfOff jn.jl
Peru 1"
in
jl
Peru
pr I ans

Mauritius 1782.
1816.
Peru
17se.
prpff I jl.au
jl.au
Jamaica
1726.
s.o
prpr !
E. India 1824.
1820. D
2 I jl.au
un
. India 1821.
18*3. SS
jl.au
St
Uomin.I84.
pr 22 jlau
Cuba
1815. 8
my.jl
Camila 1825. 8
1 jlmyjl
1710.
Spain
un
11 jn.au
1815.
Sjiain
un
1739. SSS CO
tgypt
un
1
1815.
S,in
un
3}
9. SD
S|âin
jt.au
un
Germany bor.fi.
1597.
un 381 jl.BU
o
Britain
pr
... DD
pr 2 jl.au
Sna'in
1822.
Jl.au
S.Britiin
Europewaa.pl.
17t& SSD
jn.jl
my.o
Britain
ro.
sid SS CO
jn.a
Britain ro. Bid.
jll s
B.Janeiro 182:1 D
jn.a
EUT!*
UM

Burbary 1779.
jn.jl
1 SS
China
jnjl
*
ju.au
1796.
ap.my Pu CG.
.. G.G. R
H.H. 1727.
myjl Pu
1713.
jad
H
my.i Pu, C.C. G.G. H.H. 181.
1791.
jn a W.yC. G. H. 17!...
mr.myPlt
CG.
H.
1803.
S
my.au ScR C.CG.
G. H.
H. 1812.
175a-
mv.jl
my.au
W.vy
C.
G.
H.
1805.
1731.
jliliny.3
au Pu C.CG.G. H.
C.Mexico
G. H.H. 1732
179.
jn.e
178a
jaf
S Amer. 179S.
my.jl
Peru
1795.
ILau
Peru
1759. SS
jn.au
Peru
jln.d
Peru 1768.
179S. S
Amer. 114.
1.1. lui w S.Bahamal.1725.
jn.a
.Mexico
G. H. 1780.
1791. .'
my.au
au StR Carolina

1723.
Jn.jl
1806. SD
jn.au
Pk S.Braail
Amer. 1815.
jn.a Pk
975J
CtASS XVI.
Ca.dii.!t<7.'l
CaT.dU.2.t!U!
Ca.dUitU
Jubila
Ca.dil5.tlS.tJ
Ca.du.2t26f*
plut 1 3c& 1 1
.t./ltS
Ca.dii5.tiaK
Deatattt
CaT.du.2.4;;
CaT.dia.Ln
Ca.dit5.4S;
Cav.diie.U>
Bot
Eng.mag.*
bot/a*
C,v.d.itl
Sweet fl.gsra.Bl
Eng.
MtJL
Eng.
Eiif.bot!ll
Caf.diajt"
5t.dkltAIl
Bot
*1^,.
Cav.dis.2t18.
Bot icreg.U
895
Jac
Bot.rcp.lb
Bot reg. I .,
Car.dit2tUl
Bot
Bot reg.
reg. 2*
jK.Kho'.it.M
W.bor.bti.ltt
Jac ichn..t
Ca, 1c.icit
11S
Ca.
."*
JaCTlndltW
Ca.dis.5.tlS7fl
Bot cab ta
Bot
fctHt*'1
Ca,
ic ItH
f>r.dkltUli
Bot. mag. J"
1+71 //
History, Use, Propagation, C*Uure,
1*72. Mam'
A"1:byeiven
the from
GreeksthetoGrc^k
the Tree
,. to .h.
qualitie,
or he ,^
the by
Ijttin,
word,Mallow.
^,. soft, in allusion
the ,n
mucilag'1"'
..nous
a fiowerine au
K*i
''
"
the
specie, areFshowyJplantsTandTtf.
U^S,
"l Zon atw
account of
au the ye.r. ,
, ; , capen.is
the Matena
Medica,
Order Vil.
MONADELPHfA POLYANDHIA.
POLYANDRIA.
9707
ovate crenate,
Stipules smooth
oblong-linear
9/08 Leaves
Leaves 3-Qerved
trifid toothed
: lobes acuminate
9709
Leamoblong
or
ovate
acute
serrate,
Flowers
axillarysubsolitary
clustered
9710
Leaves
ovate
acute crenate
serrate
hairy,obsoletely
Fl axillary
9711
Leave*
ovate-lanreolate
doubly
toothL4
3-lobed
beneath
rough, Peduncles axillary 2-flowcred
an
,
9712 Leave*
Leaves ovate
ovate acute
crcnate-serratc
beneathpubescent
velvety, FL
axillary
clustered
*rar*
* 9713
coarsely
toothed
:
upper
cunate
at
Ijase,
Till Leaves ovate acuminate serrate rough, Fl. axillary and terminal spiked FL axillary and tamnul spiked
9715 Leaves
Leaves cordate
orate orcrenate
suueordate
above downy
beneath,
ovatespikes
* 971fi
bluntrough
and branches
downy.
FlowersFlowers
lateralinheaped
9717
Leave*
subcordate
acute
toothed
downy
beneath,
Fl.
sessile,
Lobes
ofcalyx
ovate in heads
9718 Leaves
Leaves cordate
acuminate
serrated
roughsessile
lower
lobed, Pedunc. axillary, Flowers
9719
cordate
blunt
smooth,
Mowers
heaped
97) Dwarfs,
Leaves ovate
emoothishleprous.
; younger
hairy,
Fl axillary solitary on short stalks
97I
I ios reniform
broadlytoothed
crenate: adult
and
branches
Stems
prostrate
97 Leaves
Leavescordate
roundish
5-angled
crenate
villous.Stem
Pedicels
longer
than petiole
97J
halforbicular
crenate
;
upper
rhomboid,
erect
hairy
97V* Lover leaves 3-lobed entire ; upper multifid, Segm trifid toothetl at end
9325 Leaves3-parted,
Leaves 3-parted, Segm.
Segm. trih'd
trih'd linear
ciliatedblunt,
toothedCor.at3end.
less than
calyx
976
timesCor.
as large
as calyx
9787
Leave*leaves
many-parted
linear, Stem
stellated
978 Lower
angular: ; lobes
uppertrilid
5-partedcut,
Stemsdecumbent.
and calyxesHairs
velvety
97) Lower leaves reniform cut ; cauline many-parted, Segments linear, Stems and calyxes hairy
97
Leaveserect,
palmatcd
lanceolate
toothed, and
Hairs simple,smoothish
Pedicelsorlonger
leafupper side
âtcin
1-eaves: lolics
5-lobed
blunt,
downythan
on the
97
erect. Leaves
5-7-lobed
acute,Pedicel*
Pedicels andpetioles
petiolee
97 Stem
Stem prostrate,
Leaves
cord, orbic.
bluntly5-lobed,
Pedicelshairy
in fruit drooping and petioles downy
5j
Stem a'1use,leaves
Lve. cord,
orbicular7-lobedsoft
: lobescrenate
acute, Fla
> Stem
Stemerect,
cordate
roundish
aboutangular
5-lobed
97
lureading. Leaves
roundish
bluntly
crenate smoothish,Fl.
axillarysessile
sessileclustered
clustered
737 Stem erect, Leaves cordate
-
ular. Fis. axill. eliwKw*
,
wm
UUgUiar
tOOthcd
crisp
smOOtl
...
,j
--<rZ lI-flowered
ft"*ered aggregate
than than
leaf, petiole.
nvol. ovate
Leaves
HJ
ororshorter
twin
Invol.acuminate,
linear, leaves
cut 5-lobed
crenatehairy
smoothrugose
rigid
Plictl, 1ii a ,1,1
"j'f" solitary
""ir
twin longer
longcipetiole,
S
*E.
twin
longer
than
Inv.linear,
ov. lane.
Lve.
5-lobed or3-lobeden.
toothedglutin.
K,J
l'lirc],
"'"
or
lomer
E***M
1-solitary
longer
than
petiole,
lnvol.
obi
Lve.
sub-threc-lobed
acute
unequally
toothed
KU îcebi
Pfclw l-flo
fl""'U?
'""" tW|
o* leaves eubsessile cuneiform trifid entire
J
ered solitary
length ofleaves,
SS
"**. JZVFJ^'Lô
ica,;,."';lobate plaited toothed roughish, Branches
Sr,
JiT? >T
"*!'
iutlt--ry longer
longer than
than petiole,
petiole, lnvol.
leaves
divaricating
<r
solitary
lanceolate,
leaves
oblong
veryLeaves
blunt 3-lobed
toothetl
Irr
i1"1*
!"'llt-'r>'
1'
as
long
as
petiole,
lnvol.
ovate
acute
very
large,
cordate
crenate hairy
criii^,cel*
1-. length
toothed.
Branches
SS K'el solitary
solitary 1-.
length otofpetiole,
petiole, lnvol.
InvoL lane.
nearlyLeaves
linear,cordate
leaves 5-lobed
ovate about
3-lobed
toothedglutinous
hairy
'pT
solitary
I
or2-.
shorter
than
latile,
leaves
cordate
about
5-lobed
blunt
rough
with
Itellat.
hair
SS
I
,
,<,lltarv
tJ-fl.
length
ofpetiole.
Invol
obi.
linear,
Leaves
sinuate
lobed
serrate
rugose
hairy
i5?
1'^
eo'itary
longer
than
petiole,
lnvol.
linear,
Leaves
5-lobed
blunt
rugose
very
rough
^*1^1"
acute cordate downy,
villous, Pedunc.
Petals obcordate
shorter than
calyx, Pedunc. panicled
t/ **at*
axillaryaxillary
racemose
few-flowered
i*avej ovate
angular3.1obed
5-lobedtoothed
; middle lobe largest,
Pedunc
racemose,
Flowers I-eided
47 uam
rl'I fTraate.
SpikesSpikes
axillaryaxillary
1-sided,1-sided,
Fruit Fruit
toothletted
wm
,-lobed rugose,
smooth
Leave
I* sutyieltate
5-h*ed : 1
pinnatihd
capitate.
Fruit with two beaks
5-lobed
blunt, sinuate
Pedunc.toothed,
axillary Pedunc.
umbelled,corymbose
lnvol. obovate
stipitatedeciduous
o-fti I W I aniiular downy, Pedunc axillary bifld few-flowered, InvoL oblong small
i!iilrtld
,*
-Segm.
toothed
at
end
;
middle
trifid,
Pedunc.
axillary
1-flowered
sf" lanceolate toothed downy, Pedunc axillary few-H. lnvol. setaceous deciduous
fflSb. VVF*1*Globed cut toothed. Pedicels solitrv longer than petiole, Fruit villous
!?*
toothed.
Pedicels
longer than
K0T*te cutJ-lobed
toothedcutlobed.
Pedicels
longersolitary
than petiole,
Fruitpetiole,
villous,Fruit
Petalssmooth.
entire Petals entire
Sg-gwm, .,-
**^
Pf 4
*!i 5765 ^'toiKute toothed

'riili
I '
XU
BU
;*H!W
i e * Tri if"" ro"<ishTnUteT!,^
a
Bf>'
u
^
7-g,ed d0
iJ!k'
S"
[1
iw
IfiCili
hispid
iuch shorter than petiole
<ers uxdfary
"
&Mhveryblu,,vS, ^
0b'" "un. .rregolar./toothel
W",;d>I"voL''cu",'"a"'.î-nd.ri,,h,ir,
2
^'broadôbovatetro ,
'
",!
"i"-* toothed
^rdates^
Pod.ce,. axiUary bd. Inv. IWeavedû, ci.i.ted
dt
e
i>
1
M S ""leMum
_ . -
9804Miscellaneous Particular*
Il "
V
M>nfeJ?f lmdcr whichand'>
peak of a tree from the north of Persia, producing a certain
biSiu. ?1 1 in . The species arc of easy culture, eeed freely, or may be proe uthoriof ora Pc Jos 1>avon. the comunin of , in his voyage to Peru, and one
j^^n^Mnd unticr a handglaae. 4wcie* are ftee-8rowert, and seed readily : they axe also increased uy
u ^/"**??*, cloed ; so called because the corolla does notopen out ai in most Malvaceou*
"a "Mdifficult of cultui* Ai'ircek names of the mallow. The species are for the most part ehewy planta,
IC- All of them abound iu mucilage, like many of the tame natural family, and the
586 .
if u/\! or
smooth
ua or
$98.12 populneus W.
Poplar-leaved
D or
98.13 tillccus W.
Lime-tree-lvd.
D or
9814 eltus Sw.
tall
D or
9815 Lmpas W.
three-pointed
D or
98.16 ltsa Malabrica.Ker. Malabar
* D or
98.17 membranceus W. leafy-calyxed
CD or
98.18 lunariflius W.
Lunaria-leaved it D or
98.19 Rsa-sinnsis W.
Chinese
D or
A rubro-plenus
double red
L] or
Jiawo-plnus
double buff"
CD or
3. variegatus plnus double striped D or
a luteus
double ye
D or
9820 phoeniceus W.
purple-flowered: Li or
98.21 micrnthus H. K. small-flowered
[= or
9822 acthipicus W.
dwarf wedge-lv., D or
98.23 mutabilis W.
changeable
[I] or
S.flore plno
double-flowered a DJ or
9824 syriacus W.
Althaea frutex
or
a purpreus
purple-flowered 2
or
grber
red-flowered
*
or
dilbus
white-flowered *
or
3. variegtus
striped-floweredia
or
& albo-plnus
double white
sk
or
a purpreo-plnus
double purple *
or
9825 acerifolius P. L.
Maple-leaved
u_j or
9826 diversiflius W.
different-leaved? D. or
98.27 ficalneus W.
Fig-leaved
* DJ or
9810 incnus Ph.
9811 militris Ph.
hoary
3
3
15
10
20
10
2
10
10
10
s
au.s
...
jl.au
...
...
au.s
...
...
jl.au
10 jilau
10 jl.au
10 jl.au
10 jlau
8 jLau
E. Indies
C. G. H.
E. Indies
E. Indies
Syria
8 au.s
8 au.s
R.
W
8 au.s
8 aus
8 aus
St
W
Pu
C.
C.
C
C.
C.
s.l.
p.1
p.1
s.l.
s.l.
W.R. N. S. W. 1803. C
Y
E Indies 1759. C.
Bot. reg.381
Cav.dis3t 52 f:
Cadis.6t.198.f.1
Bot. mag. 360
Bot rep. 498
Bot reg. 29
s.l.
Rox.cor. 2.t.190
2
2
2
3
2
4
6
6
3
2
jls
jls
jl.s
jls
my..d
jn.jl
jn.jl
jLau
ji
jl.o
Y
Y
Y
Y
E. Indies 1731. S s.l. Bot. mag. 1356

E. Indies 1790. S. s.l. Bot. mag. 1911
China
1712. C. p.1 Bot mag. 1702
Carolina 1810.
E. Indies 1816.
W.R. Brazil
Y
R
Y
Pk
Y
1816.
India
1640.
C. G. H. 1812.
W. Indies 1692.
Peru
1820.
Jamaica 1759.
Brazil
1822.
E. Indies 1796.
E. Indies 1690.
Virginia 1798.
3 jls
Y
Y
Y
Y
L.R.
O or
14 jLau
Y.Br Africa
Bladder Ketmia O or
9851 hispidus Mill.
hispid
iO] or
9852 Richardsni Lindl. rough-leaved
R U or
2 jn.s
11 jn.s
3 jns
Y.Br Italy
Virginian
angular-fruited a udy or
9849 vesicrius W.
98.50 Trinum W.
African
co
L. co
I co
I co
1798. C. s.l Par. lond. c.ic.
Ojor 2 jlo
SY ZN or 2 jls
9847 virginicus W.
9848 pentacrpos W.
...
...
...
1798.
1732.
1596.
1778.
1804.
Vine-leaved
Bot. mag 83
E. Indies
Ceylon
E. Indies
Carolina
E. Indies
2 jn.au
3 ji.s
98.44 (inidens Lindl.

9845 tubulsus W.
9846 vitifolius W.
Cav.dis St6.f.1
Cav.dis.3.t-61.f.l
Bot rep. 28
China,
y: un or
y: CD or
98.41 esculentus Jy.
p.l
p.1
p.
p.l
co
co
co
Y
W
superb
stinging
9842 strigsus Lindl.

9843 clypetus W.
C.
C.
C.
C.
L.
L.
L
5 mr.jn Pk
98.29 specisus W.
98.30 prriens B. R.
98.40 peduncultus W.
1794.
1774.
1690.
....
1596.
...
...
6 jnji
4 jn.jl
9831 heterophyllus H. K. various-leaved a u- or 6 aus

9832 cannabinus W.
Hemp-leaved ic CN or 5 jn.jl
98.33 surattensis W.
prickly-stalked
C1 or 2 jls
98.34 raditus W.
rayed
[OI or 2 jn.au
98.35 Mnihot py.
palmated
*u- or 3 ji.s
9839 Abelmschus W.
Bot. cab. 963

Bot. cab. 932
Pu
Pu
W.
W.
Pu
Pu
9.88 digitatus Cav.
Bot. mag. 158

Bot cab. 513
...
au
old
old
aus
aus
6
6
15
15
8
8
2 jn.s
if u\ or
[O] or
[O] or
Musk Okro
*u-J or
long-peduncled * L or
eatable
[O] cu
strigose
* L or
shield-capsuled x (C) or
one-toothed
y: [A] or
tubular.
y: [O] or
Cav.dis.3.t-57.f:
E. Indies 1796. C. p.1 Bot reg: 230
r (C) or
forked-calyxed
digitate
sip W.hort.ber t24

sp Bot mag. 23.85
plRheemal1.txo
p.1 Bot. reg. 232
p.l
p.l Cav.dis.3.t-56.f2
pl. Bot. reg.337
Pu
Indian
scabrous
D
D
C
C.
C.
C
C.
Pu
W.
Pu
Pu
Pk
Sc
Pk
......
1816. C. s.l.
Pu
E. Indies ... C. s.l
D.R. E. Indies 1731. C. p.
D.R. E. Indies ... C. p.1
Y
E. Indies ... C. p.l
St
E. Indies ... C. pl.
Y
98.28 Sabdariffa W.
98.36 scber Ph.

98.37 furcatus W en.
Class XVI.
Carolina 1806.
Louisiana 1804.
E. Indies 1770.
E. Indies 1739.
Jamaica 1790.
E. Indies 1806.
E. Indies 1818.
Venice
D. s.l
C s.l
S
C.
C.
S.
C
C
C
C
C
D.
co
r.m
s.l.
r.m
s.l.
p.1
co
s.1
p.1
s.l.
1752. S. s.l
Bot. reg. 608

Rheemal.2 t-38
Bot reg. 231
Cav.dis.3t.61.f3
Bot. reg.860
Cav.dis3t-58.f.
Bot. reg.878
Cav.dis.3t.68.f3
Rhee..mal.6t-46
Jac.ic. 1. t. 142
Jac, ic. l. t. 143
1713. S co Cav.dis.3.t-64 [2
1596. S co
Y.Br. C. G. H.
... S co
Y
N.Holi. 1830. S co
Bot mag. 209

Bot reg. 806
Bot reg. 875
98.17

bark of the ligneous sorts may be manufactured into mats or cordage. Of H. tiliaceus, in the island of
Otaheite, they make matting of the bark, as fine as our coarse cloth; also ropes and lines, from the size of
an inch to that of a small packthread; and fishing nets. (Hawks. Woy. ii.217.) Forster informs us, they also
suck this bark for food, when the bread-fruit fails them: and in New Caledonia, the inhabitants frequently
subsist on it, though it is an insipid food, affording very little nourishment.
H. Rosa-sinensis is extremely common in the gardens of China, and the East Indies; but its native country
is unknown. Loureiro, however, affirms, that it is spontaneous as well as cultivated both in China and
Cochin-China; and that it is so common in the latter, that they have entire hedges of it to their gardens. It
has been long known from its appearance on Chinese screens and paper hangings. The variety with double
flowers is most frequently cultivated, both in the East and in European hothouses: the plant is, indeed, rarely
i ii. *cus is, one of our most beautiful hardy shrubs, the more valuable as it is a free-flowerer, will grow
"#' den soil, and propagates '' by seeds, layers, and even by cuttings.
seen with single flowers. (Smith, spicit.)

-
Sabdarifia (the Turkish name) in the West indies is called Red Sorrel.
The calyxes and capsules, freed
CRDER VII.
MONADELPHIA POLY ANDRIA.
587
9810 Leaves ovate acuminate bluntly serrate hoary on each side, Pedicels axillary 1-6.
9811 Leaves 3-lobed hastate acuminate serrate smooth on each side, Pedicels jointed in the middle
98.12 Leaves roundish cordate acuminate (Thespesia Dec.)
98.13 Leaves roundish cordate acuminate crenate hoary beneath, Invol. 10-toothed
9814 Leaves roundish cordate entire hoary beneath, Pedunc. very short 1-flowered
9815 Leaves cordate 3-pointed smooth dotted beneath, Pedicels solitary 1-fl. longer than petiole
98.16 Leaves cordate acutely serrate, Branches somewhat hairy
98.17 Leaves cordate ovate-lanceolate acuminate toothed, Pedicels twice as long as petiole
98.18 Leaves roundish cordate acuminate finely toothed hairy beneath, Pedicels thick villous
98.19 Leaves ovate acuminate smooth entire at base coarsely toothed at end, Pedicels length of leaf
9820 Leaves ovate acuminate serrate; lower subcordate 3-pointed, Pedicels jointed at end
98.21 Leaves ovate or roundish undivided serrated rough, Pedic. longer than leaf, Cor. reflexed
9822 Leaves cuneiform about 5-toothed hairy, Pedicels longer than leaf, invol. 8-10-leaved hispid
982.3 Leaves cordate angular 5-lobed acuminate toothed downy, Pedicels nearly as long as leaf
9824 Leaves cuneiform ovate 3-lobed toothed, Pedic scarcely longer than petiole, Invol. 6.7-leaved
98.25 Leaves cordate 5-lobed hairy: lobes acuminate subrepand, Inv. 6.7-leaved setaceous
[undivided
9826 Stem and petiol prickly, Pedic short unarmed very hairy, Lvs. 3-5-lobed blunt toothed; upper obl lanc.
98.27 Stem prickly, Leaves palmate 5-lobed; upper 3-lobed: lobes blunt unequally toothed narrowed at base
98.28 Leaves toothed: lower ovate undivided; upper 3-lobed cuneate at base, Flowers subsess. Invol. 12-toothed
98.29 Leaves palmate 5-parted: lobes lanceolate acuminate subserrate at end, Pedicels jointed under the end
98.30 Stem hairy, Leaves on long stalks ovate about 3-lobed serrate membranous smoothish, Pedic. very short
98.31 Stem prickiy, Leaves linear lanceolate acuminate usually lobed Inv. 10-leaved
98.32 Stem prickly, Leaves palmate 5-parted with 1 gland beneath, Fl. subsess. Cal. covered with glandul. hairs
98.33 Stem rough with recurved prickles, Stipules
Leaves palmate 5-lobed, Pedicels
of petiole
98.34 Stem rough with recurved prickles, Stipules lanc. Leaves 5-7-parted with lanc. acuminate serrated lobes
98.35 Leaves smoothish palmate: lobes 5-7-acuminate coarsely toothed, Inv. hispid 4-6-leaved, Fls. declinate
98.36 Stem rough, Leaves rough roundish truncate at base; upper palmate-lobed: lobes dilat. crenate upwards
9837 Stem petioles and calyx muricate, Leaves ovate at base tritid; lower 5-fid: lobes acuminate serrate
98.38 Leaves palmated: lobes lanceolate serrate, Petioles muricate, Fl. subsessile solitary, Inv. 7-fid
9839 Leaves subpeltate cordate 7-angular acuminate serrate, Stem hipid, Pedicels longer than petiole
9840 Leaves 3-5-lobed blunt crenate hairy, Pedic twice as
as leaf, Inv. many-leaved, Cor. campanulate
98.41 Leaves cord. 5-lobed blunt toothed, Petioles longer than fl. Inv. 10-leaved decidu. Cal. bursting lengthwise
9842 Stem strigose, Leaves 3-lobed angular cordate toothed downy, Peduncle longer than petiole
98.43 Leaves cord. angular sparingly toothed nearly smooth, Branches velvety, Caps turbinate truncate hispid
9844 Stem prickly, Leaves smoothish coarsely toothed without glands, Leaves of the invol. with a tooth inside
9845 Leaves cordate unequally toothed beneath hoary: lower about 5-lobed; upper acum. Pedic. 1-fl. very short
9846 Stem somew. prickly, Leaves smoothish toothed 5-angular acuminate, Fls.cernuous, Caps. 5-winged hairy
9847 Leaves acuminate unequally toothed subvillous: lower undivided cordate; upper ovate-cordate 3-lobed
9848 Leaves cordate oblong toothed bluntish angular slightly 3-lobed smooth, Pedicel, longer than petiole
9849 Lvs. toothed: lower undivided; upper 5-fid: lobes oblong nearly equal blunt, Cal. inflat membran. nerved
98.50 Lvs. toothed: lower undivided; upper 3-parted: lobes lanc. middle one very long, Cal. infl. membr. nerved
98.51 Leaves toothed: lower leaves 3-lobed; upper 5-parted blunt, Stem hispid
9852 Leaves hairy 5-lobed: lobes linear oblong coarsely toothed, Cal. very villous longer than involucrum
''
from the seeds, make very agreeable tarts; and a decoction of them, sweetened and fermented, is commonly
called sorrel cool drink. It is a small diluting liquor, much used in our sugar colonies, and reckoned very
refreshing in those sultry climates. (Browne's Jam.) The bark of this species, and also of H. cannabinus, is
full of strong fibres, which the inhabitants of the Malabar coast prepare and make into cordage; and it seems
as if it might be wrought into fine strong thread of any size.
The leaves of H. surattensis are gratefully acid, and eaten in salads. The mucilage of the root of H.
manihot is used in Japan for giving consistence to paper.
H. Abelmoschus, from the Arabic Ab-el-Mosch, grain or seed of musk, has large seeds of a very musky
odor, and are frequently used as a substitute for animal musk in scenting powders and pomatums. In Arabia
and Egypt they are ground and mixed with coffee, to render it more agreeable to the head and stomach.
H. esculentus, the Okro of the West Indies, is cultivated there, and in some parts of France, for the pods,
which are gathered green and used in soups, or pickled like capers. They are full of a nutritive mucilage,
and buttered and spiced make a very rich dish.
D88
Class XVI.
1481. GOSSY/PIUM. W. Corton.

9853 herbceum W.
Common
98.54 arbreum W.
98.55 vitifolium J.W.
9856 hirs (itum W.
98.57 religisum W.
9858 barbadnse W.
Malvaceae. Sp. 6-16.

[O] ag 3 jl
Y
E. Indies 1594. S. s.1 Cadis.6t.164fs
* D or 12 jLau
Y
E. Indies 1694. C. s.p Cav. dis. 6. t. 193
Vine-leaved
[O] ag 3
...
Y
E. Indies 1805. C. s.p Cav. dis. 6. t. 166
hairy
y: tool ag 3 jlau
Y
S. Amer. 1731. " s-p Cav, dis. 6. t. 167
spotted-barked # Z\lag 3 jl
Y
India
1777. U s-p Cadis.6 t 164.il
rbadoes
* [Clag 5 s
Y
Barbadoes!759. C s-p Bot. reg.84
tree
1482. REDOUTEA. Went. Repoutea.

9859 heterophylla Vent. various-leaved
1483. PALA/VI.A. W.
98.60 malvifolia W.
PALAvia.
Mallow-leaved
1484. CRISTARIA. Cav.

9861 coccinea Ph.
1485. ANODA. Cav.
986.2 hastta jy.
98.63 cristta W.
[O] or
halberd-leaved
crested
Sp. 1-2.
Malvaceae.
Sp. 1-2.
O un 13.jn.au
CristARIA.
scarlet
ANoDA.
Malvaceae.
3 in
Y
3. A
Pu
Malvaceae.
prijls
S
9866 liniflia Cav.
9867 angustifolia W.
9868 spinsa W.
SinA.
flax-leaved
9870 bracteolta Dec.

9871 carpiniflia W.
narrow-leaved
prickly
white-flowered
bracteolate
Hornbean-lvd.
9872 ersa Link.

9873 ciliris W.
9874 alniflia W.
bitten
ciliated
Alder-leaved
9875 comprssa Dec.

9877 rhombiflia W.
compressed
Canary
rhomboid-lvd.
78 recisa
Link.
98.79 micans Cav.
cut
9880 pilsa W.
piloso
9369 alba W.
9876 canarinsis W.
glittering
Peru
* Dun
if [ZNJun
y: Q]un
[O]un
* u, Jun
a u_Jun
y: [A] un
y: 'O) un
[O]un
IC) un
uC)] un
a Dun
y: [A] un
y: LA un
Malvaceae.
3 jl
Pk
1: jls
Y
11 jl.s
Y
jn.jl
W.
2 jn.jl
Y
3 jLs
Y
2 jls
Y
13 jn.s
Y
2 jl.s
Y
2 jn.s
2 jn.s
2 jn.au
2 jn.au
13.jn.au
Y
W
Y
Y
Y
Y
S. co
Went cels. t. 11
1794. C co Cav.disilt.11.f4
*: 1-4.
Missouri
Malvaceae. Sp. 3-7.
IO un 13 jn.jl
B
Mexico
uol un 14 jls
Pu
Mexico
iO un Il jn.n
B
Mexico
9864 Dillenina W.
Dillenius's
1486. PERIPTERA. Dec. PeripterA.
Malvaceae.
9865 punicea Dec.
Shuttlecock
a D pr3 myjn Cr
f*1487. SI/DA W.
S. Amer. 1822.
1811. D p
Bot. mag. 1673
1799. S s-p Bot mag. 1541

1720. S sp Cav.dis.l. t. 10.f3
1725. C co Bot mag. t. 330
*: 1.
. Spain 1814. C co
Bot mag. 1644
Sp. 69-195.
Guiana
1822.
Brazil
1726.
E. Indies 1680.
C co
C co
L'Her stirp.t52
C co
Cav.diss.1.t.1.f.9
E. Indies 1732. S. co
Dil.elt.171.f310
Chili
1824. C co
Canaries 1774. C co Jac.ic. l. t. 135

Brazil
Jamaica
C co
C co
Cav.dissil.t.3 fo
E. Indies 1732. C co
1824.
1759.
Dilel.t.l72.f.211
Nepal
1823. S co
E. Indies 1820. S co
India
1732. C co
Brazil
1823. C co
Cav.dis.1.t.3.f. 12
E. Indies 1820 C co
Cav.diss.l. t.3.f. I
St. Domin.1793. C
Cav.diss.l..t.1.f."

1481. Gossypium. Pliny says, that in Upper Egypt, on the borders of Arabia, grew a shrub called gossypion
or rylon. Its fruit enclosed a sort of soft white wool, of which the garments of the Egyptian priests were
manufactured. Golius remarks, that goz, which expresses in Arabia, a silky substance, may be the root of
the word. An important genus, as furnishing the down used in the cotton manufacture. This down is
found lining the capsules which contain the seeds. There are several species cultivated for this pu
1n
different parts of the world., G. herbaceum is the only species cultivated in Europe, especially in the
ant,
and in Malta, Sicily, and Naples: it is also
wn in many parts of Asia.
G. hirsutum is occasionally grown in the West Indies; but G. barbadense is the prevailing species there.
In the East Indies and China, & herbaceum and arboreum are cultivated, and some other species, especially
-
that which produces the nankeen-colored down, not yet introduced to Europe. An oil is obtained from the
seeds of all the species, while those of the G. herbaceum are eaten in the Levant, and esteemed wholesome and
nutritive.
In the Levant, the herbaceous cotton is sown in well prepared land in March, in lines at three feet distance,
and the patches of seeds two feet apart in the lines. The pl; nts are thinned out to two or three in a place,
and the earth is stirred by a one-horse plough, or by manual labor with hoes, and irrigated once or twice a
week #. directing the water along the furrows between the rows. The flowering season is generally over about
the middle of September, and then the ends of the shoots are pinched off to determine the
the capsules.
The capsules are collected by hand as they ripen, a tedious process, which lasts till the end of Nevember. The
cotton and the seeds are then separated by manual labor, and the former packed in bales or bags for sale. The
seeds are bruised for oil or eaten, and a portion kept for sowing.
, The Barbadoes cotton plant is sown in the West Indies in rows, about five feet asunder, at the end of
September, or the beginning of October; at first but slightly covered, but after it is grown up, the root is well
moulded. The soil should not be stiff nor shallow, as # plant has a tap-root. The ground is hoed fre
Quently, and kept very clean about the young plants, until they rise to a moderate height. It grows from four
to six feet high, and produces two crops annually; the first in eight months from the time of sowing the seed;
the #": within four months after the first; and the produce of each plant is reckoned about one pound
weight. The branches are pruned or trimmed after the first gathering; and if the growth is over luxuriant,
ORDER VII.
589
9843 Leaves 5-lobed 1-glandular beneath: lobes round mucronate, Invol. serrate, Stem smooth
9854 Leaves 5-lobed palmate: lobes lanceolate blunt mucronate with 1 gland beneath, Invol. nearly entire
98.55 Lower leaves 5-lobed palmate; upper 3-lobed with 1 gland beneath, Inv. tern. Cal. with 3 glands at base
9856 Upper leaves undivided cordate; lower 3-5-lobed with 1 gland beneath, Branches and petioles hirsute
98.57 Upper leaves 3-lobed; lower 5-lobed with 1 gland beneath, Branches and petioles spotted with black
98.58 Upper leaves 3-lobed; lower 5-lobed with 3 glands beneath, Stem smoothish
2859 Leaves ciliated elliptical entire rarely trifid
9860 Smoothish prostrate, Peduncles nearly as long as petiole
9861 Leaves very caesious, Stem very short
9862 Lower leaves cordate acuminate 5-angled somewhat toothed blunt; upper hastate acuminate
9863 Leaves all crenate: lower roundish cordate blunt 5-angled; upper round hastate acuminate
9864 Lower leaves triangular hastate crenate; upper ovate lanc. nearly entire, Ped. sol axill. length of leaves
9865 Lower leaves cord. about 5-lobed hastate: upper hastate, Petals erect spatulate somewhat toothed at end
1. Capsules 5-12, 1-seeded, not bladdery.
* Flower-stalks not longer than the leafstalk. Leaves oblong or ovate
9866 Leaves linear entire much longer than the diameter of the flower, Racemes terminal
9867 Leaves linear-lanceolate toothed, A spiny tubercle at the base of the leaves, Pedic. axill. subsolitary
9868 Leaves ovate-lanceolate toothed, Aspiny tubercle at the base of the leaves, Pedic axillary solitary
9869 Leaves oblong ovate subcordate blunt tooth, Pedicels as long as petiole
9870 Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate toothed smooth, Branches round downy, Rac. very short bracteolate
Q871 Leaves ovate-oblong doubly serrate, Pedunc. axillary very short about 4-flowered, Branches flattened
98.72 Leaves rhomboid narrowed at base serrate-toothed forwards beneath downy, Pedicels shorter than petiole
9873 Lvs. ellipt subov: blunt toothed at end, Pedic axill, solitary very short, Stipules ciliated longer than flow.
9874 Lower lvs. roundish ov.; upp. obl. toothed cun. and nearly ent at base, Pedic axill, many shorter than pet.
** Flower stalks elongated, distinctly jointed. Leaves oblong or ovate
Lvs. ovate lanc. acumin. toothed hoary beneath, Branches compr.
thrice as long as petiole
Leaves lanceolate toothed smooth, Pedic axillary 1-fl. length of leaf
Leaves oblong-lanceolate toothed cuneate at base hoary beneath, Pedic axillary 1fl. shorter than leaf
Leaves somewhat rhomboid retuse crenate towards the end hoary beneath, Pedic. longer than petiole
Leaves ovate blunt serrated downy shining, Pedic axillary solitary much longer than petiole
*** Flower-stalks elongated. Leaves cordate at base, toothed, not lobed.
9880 Leaves ovate cordate blunt toothed, Pedicels solitary 1-flowered longer than petiole
#":
9875
9876
9876
9878
9879
this should be done sooner. When great part of the pods are expanded, the wool is picked, and afterwards
cleared from the seeds by a machine called a gin, composed of two or three smooth wooden rollers of about
one inch diameter, ranged horizontally, close and parallel to each other, in a frame; at each extremity they
are toothed or channelled longitudinally, corresponding one with the other; and the central roller being
moved with a treaddle or foot-lath, resembling that of a knife-grinder, makes the other two revolve in con
trary directions. The cotton is laid in small quantities at a time upon these rollers, whilst they are in motion,
and readily passing between them, drops into a sack placed underneath to receive it, leaving the seeds, which
are too large to pass with it, behind. The cotton thus separated from the seeds, is afterwards hand-picked
and cleansed thoroughly from any little particles of the pods or other substances which may be adhering to it.
It is then stowed in large bags, where it is well trod down, that it may be close and compact; and the better
to answer this purpose, some water is every now and then sprinkled upon the outside of the bag; the
marketable weight of which is usually three hundred pounds. An acre may be expected to produce from
two hundred and forty pounds to that quantity; or two hundred and seventy pounds on an average. (Long's
Jam. vol. iii. p. 686, &c. and Browne."
1482. Redoutea. Named after, P. J. Redout, a celebrated French botanical draughtsman, still living.
His drawings are inferior to those of the Bauers as accurate representations of nature; but they are
tastefully arranged and please the eye, notwithstanding a coldness of coloring which often injures
their effect.
1483. Palavia. In honor of Don Antonio Palau y Verdera, second professor of botany at Madrid, and author
of an excellent translation of the Species Plantarum of Linnaeus in Spanish.
1484. Cristaria. From crista, a crest, in allusion to the crested form of the capsules. A pretty plant, not
very easily preserved. It answers better in a peat border than a pot, and is increased by division or seed.
1485. Anoda. Named by Cavanilles, from 2, privative, and nodus, an articulation; because the peduncles
do not possess the joints which are found in Sida, from which the plants of this genus have been extracted.
1486. Periptera. So named from the resemblance of the flowers in form to a shuttlecock, riturr:*.
1487. Sida.
A name of Theophrastus, said by some to have been applied to a Malvaceous
plant;
but
XVI. M
MONADELPHIA POLYANDKIA.
CaT.dH5.ll3t
India 180ft
dwarf
() m HLau YY E.Jamaica
182J. 8S M Ca.disjil.196i!
procumbent
D
[Z
1732.
cS < DWtffl
*S "
YY .W.G.Indie"
jLau
smth.
sharp-lvd.
un
IL
1732.
Lj in.
heart-leaved
[CD
un
Jamaica
lSSft
MUM
Or
S
jn.a
Althaa-leaved *
1781.
Car.di.l.lU"
YY Jamaica
iiiging
H un
un 2lJb
Jamaica
1811
jl.i
bushy

un
Jamaica
1795.
OS un 4 iU Pu
CG.
H.
"M.
JacJCbmltrS
L_|un
L'Her.stir.U>
Amer. 1818.
1787. SS Cav.diss.LtwS
. un S jU W S.Peru
9889
triloba
W. f. three-looed
Physic-nut-like -
98)
jatropholdes
BL
"J* ?.!?
Rtcinus-Likc i [D]
un
Virginia
1743.
D
9891 ricinodes L'Her. mooth

un 46 au.8
Virginia 1759. D Ca.du.i4*"
9892
Napa/aCat.
.
au.
rough
J un
9893 dioica
DilLeltlt
America 1732.
YY Peru
1795. SSS L'Her.itir.LU "

downy
9891
ii llj.au
jLau
king
9895 oecidentlis
fte'tida if. W. -short-stalked
St-MarthalS.
I jLau Y
9896brvipes Dec
Dill.
Y India la SS l>luk.U4.f.'

9897 perplociflia TV Periploca-lvd.
SloaneLl39.f.o ^585
Centn
un
un 22 JLau
JLau YY Ceylon
S
y wylica
\V.
Indies
.
Carbbec
O un 2 jLau Y HUpanio. 17!
cttrlne'a
Heriundia-lvd.
O
un
6
9898 heriiandinides W. naked-llowercil 3 myjn Y

9899
nudiflra W.I.tnk. tnany.flowcred aun 3 my.jn Y
9900
polyntha
eared
un 23 J.au
myjn YY. Bengal
W. Indies 1SJ
177. J.c.vimi..t-Il8 15
9901
aurta
VaU.
triangular
un
9902
W.
noarf
CDun 3 J .au YY Sandw.
9903 trique!
incna raLink.
Jamaica1.
I/. S jac. vina- Lt..*
umbeUed
un jLs
9904 umbellta W.
Peru 99. S L'Her.rt'l^
Ca.iU6j.t.lW.f= >
9905
reflxa
W.
Carolina
1726.
S L'Her>tir.l.t.S *
Peru
IT2.
9900
crispa
W.
a,
9907
arbrea
Mauritius 1789.
9908
maurit
anaW. W.
181& S Bot reg. 3* J aiq
9909
grandifolia
\T.
China
1821.
S
'1910
tiliseflia
Fach.
Jamaica
SS
9911
americana
W.
E.
Indies
17f.
9U2
Abutiln
W.
i^*lât.lA^
9913 asitica IV.
CG.
H.
1806.
9914
Sonneratina
W.
E. Indies 179(i. S StU
Ca.dis.!.4tU
9915
popuhflia
VY.
Peru ).
1789 CALL'/"!
9910
mollssima
W.
China
S
9917
orbiculta
Dee.
India
Car.diii.t-"
9918
ndica
y Canaries
Mexico 171922.
W.T
18i?2.
919
vesicariaIf.
W.
9920lbida
7.
N.Si>am 1822.
921 aceriflia Lag.
Y Brasil 1749.
un
1821. S >
Miller's
9922
Millcri Dre.
24jl.au
jn Or
fif
as
un
1823.
twigtty
9923
vimne*
1.
Manilla
23 )Ls
9924
seiniercnta
Link. halt'crenate
YY Hrazil 1820. dilLtSli.l
m 1
un
un
pointed
9925
acrutlia
Link.
1818. Ca."-1
32 jljl->
au.s YY Brazil 1824.
un
Spiriea-lcaved O
992>
spineitlia
/.l*.
un
9927 brasilinsis <ii/'. Brasilian
S.
Amer.
1739.
3 jl.au Pa.Y
as I1 un
18j f
9928vill6sa
Mill. Dec. villous
YPk Brasil
un 45 jl.au
Bran!
.
1
9929
verruculta
waned
jl.au Y Abvssinia 18g
m D7J
I I un
9930
purpurscells
Link, spreading
purplish
180S.
un 33 IU
Madagas.
1. L;
9931
patens
.
.
jl.s YY Brail 1822.
"
9932
contrcta
Link.
contracted
43 au.s V Braail I
993.
conferu lasur.
S934 lasioatiga
Link. clustered
woolly
90
9881
hmilis L'Her.
W.
9882 supina
9883
argta
W.
9384
9885 cordiflia
althai'ifoliaW.Sur.
9886
0887 rens
dumiiaW.Sua./.
9888
paniculata
Histuty,
Propagation,
Cvllnre, The irecies a . Uec-S"*""'' o|i
of opinion, that our Nymjdwa
wasUse,
the Sida
of Theophraslua.
MU
*
591
B *
2?
W SSSiSSSSS |"
*** down'
'* ,*h
!" ,on*"
**?r,*!:'1
S >hn
h petiole
potior
oBti
ranea acuminate tlowny, Pecknic ioo'se" '*

^*^^'11^.^1^^''-*^*7^^ ' "
IE
(
il'
Hb
an*
^ Sa*
> Leave* mow" *UUn "bove
* "
1*
ISt.:
s;*QLea
SI*
Lea rounduh cordate acuminata ** "* S or more.
Wie,
ule shorter
than shorter
leaf than petiole
Horter than petiole
mate toothed
downy,
Peduncle,
: . | 1 1*"' Win obi a toothed
velvrtydowny,
on eachPeduncles
side. Pedicel.
longer
than
petiole
uininatc
loothed
loriar
than
leave.uminate
unequally
rpand
toothed
downy,
longer
th n ,.,;!
prt.ota
cordatemiiform
acuminate
toothed
Peduncles
'i-Aowered
than petiole
4Ii Leave* ov.te.n
orbicular
toothed
hoaryvelvety,
beneath.
Pedicel*
longPeduncles
thanshorter
18 Leave, crdatesomewhat
lobedtricuspidate,
sort. Stipule,Pedicels
reflexed.
Pedicels
erat
3 times as long as petiole
Leeresovate
cordate
toothed
twice
as
long
as
petiole
! Leacordate
Leaves roundishmbpcltate
cordate acuminate
toothed hoary
on each
side.Pedicel.
Pedicels1-fl<lei
SSI
3-5-lobed unequally
toothed
villous,
sc

length oflonger
petiolethan
flowered
4.beneath,
Umcertain
species.oraxillary
entire
Lcavct
linear,
oblong,Pedicels
ovate,
lanceolate.
2
linear lanceolate
toothed
TfflotH
1-.
Zi [* lanceolate
very long
hairy.
Itvenu*
terminal
very
short
.
t
* Middle
Leave,broad
crenate
entirein front
at base; tipper
S-ncrved;
youngeracute
downy
leave. lanceolate
..long bluntobtuse
acutely
crenate
lanceolate
serrated in m m
^
Nl
oblong
lanceolate
serrated
entire
at
ha.e
smooth,
Pedunc
axillary
solitary
longer
th. n IK
le
9 Uam ovate acuminate 5-nerved scarcely toothletted ; beneath and branches
downy,
-Stipule,
om.
*
aves
cordate,
undivided.
S?
-update sessile
serrate
subvillous,
Mower,acutely
axillarycrenate
clustered
*ra*arted,
cordate
lanceolate
acuminate
downy Pedic, axillary l-n.
*
Utrei
cordateLeaves
acuminate
crenate
toothletted,
andsolitary
stems green
and
i*avc*cordate
acuminate
cut
errate.
Peduncles
longer
thandowny,
petiolebract. ate
I 9 J Lmescordate acuminate retand rarely crenate hoary. Panicle contratted
S
i
cordale
*cte
crenate
rugose
and
stems
yellow
with
down,
Mowers
aggregate
* * Leave,cordate acuminate hoary beneath. Pedicels axillary 1-flowcred longersubside
than petiole
Cuss XVI. tall

Maimer*. Sp. 1* 1787. S Ci(iisj.tiaii

148
LAGUNE'A.
LtOONSA.
Dud 1 iUu W
SaOlubU
W. W. Mapel-leaved
Butiarriacete. Sp. 13.
JacKbxSliSi
tl489.
RtiziL
or 6 my W Bourbon 1/92. pJ
38S6 RUrZIA
variabilis IV.W
various-leaved
Sp.
45.
cab. 7S
1490. CAROLI'N'EA. W. Cabulinka p.p. Bot
1817.
2020 iLau... W
W liralil
!.!
white
9937
Laid.IV.
W.
Indies
1787.
Bot
mag W.
l*f
digitated
pi
9938 alba
princeps
20 jLau W Guiana 1798.
Cav.diss.
leiser
9939
minor H.W.K.
20 ... R W. Indies 179a pi
great-flowered
9940imignU
L 1724. p.l Csv.diaitbl
Bombacrte. Sp.Senegal
W.SourAdansonia.
1441.
ADANSO'NIA
... W
Gourd
99*1 digitita
W.
Sp.brazil
47. 1818. p.l CA.diA5.tial.!
Botnbaerte.
SILK-COTTON-THEE.
1492.
BOM'BAX.
.
W E. Indi 1739. pi jac.am.pit' I/o
60 ...... Y.w
T tra
0042
erinthos
Car.W. woolly-n.
hve-stamcned
599*3
oentndrum
India 1692. pi CaAillWplaalm-tli&ti
five-leaved JJ
tm
tm 50no ...... w
99*4
Ceiba
W.
n"ww>
W America 1699. c pi
J tan
9945 hentaptifllum IT. ecven. leaved
_
Sp.
1-3.
1*93.
Mthodia. or
W W. Indies 1733. p.1
9946 MYKO'DIA.
turbinate IV. W. ehort-flowered
Trmrtrtrmiaeete
Sp. 2-t.1739 L p.l OOtroAg-i*8
1494.
GORDC/NIA.
W.
GognoNlA.
6
au,n
Y N. Amer.
Venumsliatl
99*7 Lasintlms If. smooth
or
9948 pubescen. W.
pubescent ol * au.n W Carolina 17/*. L s.p
Xacathaflorida P. L. 56.
Sp 2. 1/42. L ,>
1*95.
W. Common
Sroimi. or HI Trrtutromiacrf:
mv au \V N. Aroer.
9949 STUARTIA.
Malachodndron
{9950
pentgyna W. W. curled
or ju W N. Amer. 1785. L Lp
Malachodrndion oBtum Cav.
68.
+1496.
CAMEL'LlA.r.
Cameixia.
44 Cautelarte.
au.d
W Sp.China
f9951
Boha
Bohea
Tea
f.n W
China
(, viridis
Green Tea
Htory,
IV, Propagation,
Calmer, who pubh.I., | a wort "P"
_. Named Andrea
Laguna,
a Spanish naturalist,
plant.
It
may
be
treated
like
other
tender
animals.
r
n,,innloBia.
Madrid, 1792, andol
*ir. 1449.
Rabil.withIn honor
KuizPeruviana.
author of A"pUntOf
g'%
bU
conjunction
Pavn,ofofDon
the Hippol.to
famous Hora
Msyn . ,,,Carolin',
"J"j,
1*J.which,
Coro/W
Named
l,y the younger
Unnaus,
m ^^'Slr.lW
Uinve1' rf
he
says,
will
always
lie
clierished
by
botanista
A
.plwidid
lanniy,
name
which, hewellsays,
will always
uc laivaiauw
. .large cuttings,
clothed
with leaves,
root in sand
under a lianu.gi.iss.
1*91.
Adttaioaia.
In
honor
of
Michel
Adanson,
a
famous
various
works, ofbutwhich
his voyage
intolearnoii
Senegal,lorandhis1' mille,
(les 1man)
"">''. . ."tt.lern di
eccentric
certainly
far more
tunc than
'bread, or man,
h.i,
;.
.w.,.gi,lcreil
laNM<
or
rather
broadest
tree
in
uspwsws*. Â
;K. hio
Boabab,
is
t
from
twelve
to Hfteen;tothese
M
liig'h,
the] divulcd
into many
v. lia man.
i " J" ^
,.!, wjs
were
from
sixty-rive
seventy-eight
at their
extremities
werebefon
fromIceforty.live
to fifty-live
feethorilontal
long, and branches,
were so large,
equal
to a roots
monstrous
und trees
wherebare
theand
water
had washed
IW ' lhll,
m flW. gouW.
loot,
leave the
of onetree
of these
openof toa neighbouring
the sight, theyriver
measured
one huniireu
without
including
those
parts
of
the
roots
which
remained
covered.
It
yields
a
'""^"'"VL,
i0rni
into
rtf*.
and which scrv for vessels of various uses : the bark furnishes a coarse thread, which inej
^
and intothema cloth,
with
the natives
cover theirthemiddle
from the
girdlefor10covering
the
. holue, or, W
supply
foo<l which
in a time
ol scarcity,
are used
burning, lor with
the manufacture
of good
soap. while
At Sierra large
Leoneones
tins tree
does not grow laigiit^' ^ oKnuu
applc.troo.
. I he hgneoui part of this tree appears to be of little or no use as timlier. In our stoves , rxh m
,.!.?,' "'1 cu"ings root in sand, revered and plunged. of the cotton -, the seed;,, of. ^,u o NjJjJ
so
1492. Bombar. From (3wi, one of the Greek5mm
name,bear. ^,%Sw.ii;U
are
enveloped
In a euttony
SUbstaSSCC
B. |a>ntal](
live pans,
is lull of a short caw
â
nick
which,
when
livB
,, trees and
mu, wT'j
hWoody
SS* ''**cover,
-1 'l"">
""",
andrl|;,
oneopens
of thein tallest
ofas,both
Indies
; but the
wood is1 BrctK,
the
'"r
"'"*
Their
trunk,
are
so
large
when
hollowed,
to
make
uo.lr, ;' '" "">' tri-liienlly carry from liltcen to twenty hogsheads of sugar, anil!
J^J wis
>"'.
Uo''.1',"'1'; Ii,
and into
thenlaths
well saturated
with ^**|3|
,1 1M
w "en u,ii,.""","eathcr
inai.y nwn
year.;into
u 1. boards,
also !
"' cur.ng.uola,
ndJ^Ki and
ined, "
^f?*
,
tt
beroMHsi
a
niert
far
w
Macaca
beetle.
lT,i,inl?e,i 11 , m""> ismoni one of the greatest delicacies. T
"Sine to he up?,,''1'1* b' lht l**0' '"1|1"' lo Mufl' Pulows
VII.
SSS leares cordate 3.Ioh*H . i ^
St*"
uuitrrate niomranou. Petals and

pah lilky ouuitle
W TO
an eminent >,,,..
^,>M S**
wie!! in &,!; S ""'"
B1? <*iE.* Wh , , ,
gro* '"
SS.'-*'" , "h'^ biolly run,i.l, , tca. b. _
. .
remark.
neni|i diirube
or j4>j)pyci
^"-51-^^ ^=S^
Frm**11 Ihrceor aman
mon :r.. ui4>|.|d
. _f
tlc.liur,.,
indthree
some-.
.,,
UWj in tneir Krowrl
Q.- .,, ^
BW
MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA
China 1811.
Bank.'. Mll_ip'
lauly
1 it *4 f"
f.n _
rk China 1818.
doubleI
, 1 pl l myjl China 1739.
Garden Variola.
L_l.pl 10 my.jl China
red
China
_J.pl
1010 my.J
231 single
.ingle
white
myjl W
H China
semi.double red i_Jspl
_J.pl
10
ml\
5
45 double
red red ._J.pl 10 myjl China
China
Middlemist's
II i ) spl 10 my.jl China
ti7 Myrtle-leaved
China
_jspl
my
jl
"
Loddlm' red
China
,_jspl
I spl 1010 my.jl
89 Waratah
China
my.jl
St
variegated Waratah _,spl 10 my.jl
101 1 doubla-stripcd
Pawuy-nowered 1~ _j,,.l 10 my.jl China
China
China
I_jspl
I spl 1010 "-
?
Iii15 Kcw
blush
my.j
W
Hume", blush or buff ___spl 10 my W China
China
1415 double
white
China
_jspl
_Jspl 1010 myj
myj W
China
1H Wclbank's
Lady Ixmg's
China
l_j.pl
10
myjl
1718
I , ] spl 10 my.jl China
hexangular
9951
94
sSSSasnqua W.
plina W.
onv. japnica
ClamXVL
II plpl Bot.
Bot reg
reg. !SU
p.1
p.1 Bot mas,
11 p.1p.1 Bot.
cab ?
!
I p.1 Bet g
I pl IUI li.-O
i1 lpl Bol
can
Botttlt.W
1 plpl Bot.cab.S
lM.rep.Sl
i pl Bot reg. IIS
I pl Botrepb
I pl Bot""
II plpl '*
Bot cab.:*
I Pl
DISS 3
9953
, Use. Propagation, Culture,
__ .
to
name,
by whieh
teathe
i. known,
the atChine
know
"_
made
and
given
by
merchant,
Canton
who,
fJ.om,,*lK_
green
tea
8__'^_
ict,
.
an viriii.
ample ; opportunityi. of doing
so. Formerly
it
_ wnat
Et is calledlnMC
thegrown
green teain tM
rflbl*
p,
doubtful:
though
it..
cCTtain
there
C...1.
viridis;
but
that
I.
now
doubttul
:
tnougn
am
.-.f
those
gro"
jr_
ack or green
black ...
tea ;..-!-!
district .; .ml
and rhu
the varieties
varietica grown Inin the one district ._r,1,___1
_,rord ,h
the bblack
Abel wa
told
competent
person, that
of theis M?w
k- the
green
tea. f_mltR
s,
thatbythebeing
broadgathered,
thin-leaved
planteither
vindi.)
or twenty
ic but
tea leave,
are cured
in houses
^"fb n "]%om
vc"
i. alsoto ten
a long
low tablecor ^ _
^-.i3
"und
it,
,t
three
feet
high,
each
having
at
the
top
a
large
Bat
im
p
J"d
ir0
m.uj, ondegree
whichbythea little
leavesArearemade
laUl, inandtherolled
by workmen,
t|]. freh-gathmj
certain
furnace
underneawh
h, a iitroun
tew pou
, , M. rf^,bf
put upon the pan -, the fresh and juicy leave, crack when they
too hot to beJjW __,.
operator
.hilt them
as quick
possiblewithwitha kind
hi. bare
"
2f_d.
At thi. toinrtant
he takes
off thea.leave,
of .hovel
re.em ng ._, and,_, P"
of tnr
in '.M
before
the
roller.,
who,
taking
.mall
quantities
at
a
time
;J?V.
more
speedily,
and
rc"h'".
res, *
direction, while other, are fanning them, that they m.TOOcJ themoj^
int0 "*""1
longer. This procs, is repeated two or three time., or ;J"0", their curl more comply f TbelB
that
all
the
moisture
of
the
leave,
may
be
thoroughly
te'P-H'
do,cly
and
**
1.1. green
hn**H?1
and n^'
the oiieration
rrform_e<l
moru ""'
L uj or exportation
^ôn. ftpr
The dSre.r,Uortl0rh,C,di',,brcnt^^?-''0.'!.Pfrfo'
winnowing
thethe:,
tea h âck
for dmestic
leaVMann
">he
taken
"i'7, 'V-he
frt"n store
*"'M'ualion,
ornearest
the ageJ
the leaf
isheaviest,
broughtaredown?":'1,i
lghS
dust ?
the machine
womenareemoVvJ^"'0"
undeSie.
""t>
beinwinnoiing,
chicl|y u!edpacking,
" l0cr
Â.
moreSect ,ort.f ""TW?
roasting,
*c, rt,ssa
and manySS
^^mo ca^'^^ ^^'f "J . appear to be collected i .hetadsaho.ppe.ru,
bud" and h "* It ,,,''',1, AM ''i *. * <
"d oune_edia1niav""ôf
^diKt'f""^'^ ' *P*d of common to theaKHm"!"'
OISrragran,
U"_L".U<! te Plant
andflavor
.."'
,hat that
a" ,neto
|"^ a .pede,
lea by the ( hiese, en
^-^S___Sirc
high
>
d oil camellia may be added. Du Halde observes,
tnai that
au ;in Japan
F'"
.ê, ofo Camellia, as eil-n.vcr>
asserts,
for best
iU in. a red
hieb.oil,annattaining
oiloil i.is exprcMd,;"
;. . . , lome,tiônomfo7ci*,in.Ut.f0d
,
, - "S1;.
. ,andy
_u,.s.
ePtasWL.
jrw
M"gaprofu,|on
the height '
The HUssu
OlChina.
white Jtblos,om.
and seed!
TheseinKeds,
asasandwell
as those
of.'
general
use
in
the
domestic
economy
of
grow,
oesi
'"^""Vhpse'
seeds,
wel,,"Vnre**c
*
boiled
bags,
then
presse,
r eight fret, and producing a profusion of white blossoms and seeds, si"=._ ^ anj then i
the otheri, species, are reduced
to a coarse powder, which is .tewed
. m_y
the
Abel;
Nar.
, ,or wot
plants are very haroy,
oil
i. yielded.of the(Dr.tea/lie/'.
The
^ Nur.
.. in176.)our greenhouses
i.~.ra i. very .imple.
The^plan
l an ..
>lia
he
culture
Camellias
se
iUkn
loamv
eo , or loam
anted
. , to a pit without tsfire-heat
they
loamy
soil,
joand
nre-neat
tney grow
grow
.onii,,od
M
n> , ripen, vrp~otl'when
" m^ck*_
of the ;;young
woodinintakei
taken
when -it begin.
oegi"'
h .!
_______
J?,
layers,
or
cutting,
i
a
cool
frame
or
pit
.
.jired
for
its
hue
i1.!
^,iWi
in
j?por,'feaa ha^'B^ls and gardens
frime
a loftyflowers,
tree, much
e, and elegantof Japan,
re o i.white
singleadmire.1
or double.^ ^,
VII.
MONA DELPHI A POLYAND
RIA.
39S3
ovate-ontong bluntly serrated, Howcr. terminal
ubulitarv. Petal, cordatt
"W frint^ u"iet id most mVT - VVaratah plan of NV ''' ' ""| |*
-
Il push.
be ft
_*ltl) * Mrm J?.TOn.!?iniJ tfie tS iS that

it P,aMt be Su, bltf Clrc "wilt, f.
fed W
over,It ismayt.-noteovered
? S^'iS^LS?
'4R2i*i ^LTS?**l
S" ml,?fW' ''""1 "' loo
%J
tarn. ~. - k
596
9955 olefera Akt.
Class XVI L[
MONADELl'HIA POLYANDR1A.
China
.
Bot.cab. KW
oilseed
JHpr w- Indie. 8. .*
W-Pcc.. Hj
LlU^-' "ed IZ" J/y,,
, A*Û
.
GUSTA'VIA.
Geraw. i
i-irfJQ
9958aug.L,
W. august
* ... W Oman * 1 *. ,. M"
Inning leaves, like thOK ol ra m

uVscrvmcn recommend a rooi >" h use !
leave,
the Camellia
particularly
"42Jith
*
light : ofother,
the use ofarcgreen
glass ; ofso.anSome
opaque
rooI,, glas in t1only0 , "
essential
, ,
north. Our opinion i., tnat a light house facing 1|'"^ avoided, or at lea" **"
perfect
growth
of the
and that
ail the 1' '""."""ableascare
prelrJa
The reo
sequence,
bytheusing
theplants:
bet glass
placing
i. requite.
1M.""
h
T
Camellia
highbyand
degree
ol perfect,
to getgrow
matted
in the pot,to .and,
the .pace
tl cy ou uconsiu
y, toa tne^j,th, the waro r f| cjW
lt
render
it
imperviou.
to
water,
rfence
frequent
VffSof
the
pot,
moistening
on
y
WJ
pou moisten, all the earth, and doe. not escape by tl e . des ol t hlienll watered, w .,.,,
When
plant, are
in Hower
in a growing
J plant. It4n8
,,cat j heat
1
of heatthe
somewhat
greater
than and
i. usually
given to st.de,
greenhouse
are , mW
ina greater degree I " '/.micctri T

andXub?ere,7ca^
winter and there can be no doubt that in time these and other specie.
^^
"'Cd of Woodhau give, the following account of hi. mode oOreating the Cam ^ **
for
shittingit,ofput
thethem
Camellias
is the
month 01 orreLv
thoseu regular
that require
into
the
peach-house
peach-house,
vinery,
ur
pinery,
eet
them
in
pan "joui.g h.hmle
, 'i"?gr,
n t ftnw
make young wood. Fror. the time they beginthe towarmest
make their
growth,
give
them
plenty
of
water
They
may
be
kept
in
the
"
\
(ew
r
,|,cm
W
their flower.bud. at the extremity and side, of the young P^VS fouu of 1*
colder place, .ay behind the stage of the greenhouse ; me
in
0 Vir.
MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA
'JitS
9SiS Sepal. roundish p<ftaIoid. Petal, 4, J
,> ""toiwHrtaiked, Outer .,,,
"SiUMhint Ii, ihr
'"KtHancous Particulars9956
~~"*
i will
come
-iearly
hundred
-Jdone
from
flower.
tcMion of flowers may thus bl
inir.n , *."""Mr, but the flowers
from thestrongsprisun. G.ie them T?
: nhoui ;7 . , wh,-ri t . .tat .**
nue
^rth",
"""" fl"""-''ud> w"ou' *W
!*.**""'
4uoct,
j ,& uthor of ?;, HoD- Dai" Hrrrinitton F R R .
- ,.
;at tlioee
collection
an
of theof
flower*
smell
grows in sand and
PÛ. with long red stamens.
Q <] 3
598
DIADELPHIA.
CLAss XVII. DIADELPHIA.
CLAss XVII.
STAMENs united in two separate parcels.
Phis class essentially

its name implies, that the stamens should be united in two separate parcels.
These may either be equal, each bearing more anthers than one, as in Smithia, Eschynomene, Fumaria, and
others; or unequal, one parcel being reduced to a single stamen, and the other bearing several anthers, as in
the greater number of genera included in the class. But besides the plants whose stamens are thus disposed,
it has been the practice to admit other genera having papilionaceous flowers, but with their stamens united in
one parcel only, such as Platylobium, Bossiaea, Arachis, and others. The propriety of this measure is extremely
uestionable. It has been before remarked in this work, that the value of an artificial arrangement of objects
epends wholly upon the precision with which they are referred to those heads or divisions with the characters
of which they agree. If this does not obtain, an artificial system ceases to be useful, and its only merit, that
of facilitating the discovery of the name of a given object, cannot be said to exist. This principle is particularly
applicable to the genera just mentioned. Their artificial character refers them to Monadelphia, but they
are retained in Diadelphia, to which their artificial character does not refer them, because, as is alleged, of the
natural relation which they bear to other genera in Diadelphia. If this reasoning, which is only applicable to
an arrangement of plants according to their natural affinities, and which has no allowable reference to an arti
ficial system, were to be admitted, it would follow that Tamarindus, actually included in Monadelphia by the
most eminent Linnean botanists, and all the papilionaceous genera stationed in Decandria, should be referred
thither also. With such objections attaching to the contrivance of this class, it is not easy to understand in
what way it does honor to the comprehensive powers of Linnaeus's mind, as has been somewhere remarked
by one of his most distinguished panegyrists.
The structure of the corolla of plants of this class is, for the most part, with the exception of Fumaria and
ts allies, what has been popularly termed papilionaceous; that is to say, it consists of five petals of different
Morms and direction, of which the upper,
ed the verillum or standard, is larger than the rest, upon which it
*s incumbent; the two lateral, called the alae or wings, are oblong, distinct, and parallel with the ovarium; and
the two lower, called the carina or keel, are enclosed within the alae, are also parallel with the ovarium, and
cohere by their lower edges, so as together to form, as it were, one boat-sha
petal. To this common form
of corolla there are, however, some exceptions, as in Amorpha, where the alae and carina are absent, and in
Erythrina, where the alae are in some cases almost obliterated. in Trifolium the petals all cohere by their claws
into an undivided tube.
With regard to the

of Diadelphous plants as applicable to the purposes of mankind, they may be
said to hold the very highest rank. All the numerous varieties of pulse, whether eaten by men or cattle, peas,
beans, haricots, caravances, lentils, and others, are all produced by Diadelphous plants., The best of our arti
ficial grasses, such as clover, nonesuch, cow-grass, lucerne, saintfoin, serradilla, &c. &c., belong to various Dia
genera. A large proportion of the class also consists of useful and ornamental trees and herbs, which
will be noticed in their respective places.
Order 1.
PENTANDRIA.
Stamens 5.
1500. Monnieria., Cal 5-parted, with the upper segment long.

anthers; lower with three.
Cor. ringent.
Stamens 2: upper with two
Caps. 5, 1-seeded.
1501. Petalostemum. Petals 4, between the stamens, all united into a slit tube. Vexillum none, but in its
place a fifth petal. Legume surrounded by calyx, 1-seeded.
4%
order 2 HEXANDRIA. & stamen's

1502. Corydalis. Pet 4, 1-spurred at base. Pod 2-valved, compressed, many-seeded.
1503. Cysticapnos. . Petals 4, one gibbous at base. Capsule bladdery, many-seeded; the placentas connected
by a membranous network.
1504. Diclytra. Petals 4, two outer equally spurred or gibbous at base. Pod 2-valved, many-seeded.
.1505. Adlumia. Petals 4, united in a fungous monopetalous corolla, persistent, and with two protuberances
at base.
Pod 2-valved, many-seeded.
# Sarcocapnos. Petals 4, 1-spurred at base. Caps. 2-valved, not opening, 2-seeded. Valves 3-nerved,
#. Fumaria. One petal gibbous or spurred at base. Cariopsis indehiscent, 1-seeded, not pointed with a
style.
f
attish.
Order 3. OCTANDRIA.
Stamens 8.
1508. Polygala. Cal. of 5 leaves, two of them wing-shaped and colored. Caps compressed, obcordate.
1509. Muraltia. Sepals 5, glumaceous, nearly equal." Petals 3, united, the middle bifid with blunt lobes.
Ovary with 4 horns or tubercles, 2-valved, 2-celled.
1510. Mundia,
Sepals 5,91umaceous, persistent, the two inner wing-shaped.
hase; the middle one cucullate, beardless. Stamens 7-8, somewhat
Petals 3, scarcely united at

monadelphous
at base, with a tube
divided in front.
1511. Securidaca. Sepals 5, the two inner petaloid.

keel; two oblong.
Petals 5, united at base: three united into a 3-lobed
Stamens 8, diadelphous.
Order 4.
DECANDR1A.
*S
Stamens 10.
1512. Nissolia, Cal 5-toothed. Legume 1-seeded, ending in a ligulate wing.
#3 Balbergia. Cal obsoletely 5-toothed. Leguine leafy, flat, not opening, Seeds solitary or twin.
Pongamia. Cal. colored, cyathiform, obliquely truncate, 5-toothed. Petals clawed. Vexillum spread.
ng, Ala and carina conniving. Legume substipitate, compressed, flat, rostrate, valveless, 1-2-seeded. Anthers
i 1514.
": at end.
1515. #
Pterocarpus.
Cal. 5-toothed.
":6.
is a;:w, solitary.
Legume falcate, foliaceous, varicose, indehiscent, encompassed by a

*wl".Legume
Cal. campanulate,
sub-bilabiate:
uppersegmentt emarginate;
inate; lower
lower trif
trifd. Filaments
equally diadelphous.
roundish, valveless,
"
-
Class XVII.
DIADELPHIA.
599
1517. Geoffroya. Cal 5-fid, Drupe ovate. Kernel compressed.

1518. Dipterix. Segm of cal. 2, wing-shaped.
Legume 1-celled, 1-seeded, coriaceous, 2-valved.
1519. Parivoa. Cal 3-4-fid. Vexillum ample. Alae and carina O. Legume compressed, 1-seeded.
:
Amerinnum. Cal. sub-bilabiate.
ume compressed, leafy, 2-valved, dehiscent. Some
solitary.
1521. Erythrina, Cal. bilabiate, 1. Vexillum very '": lanceolate. Legume torulose.
1522. Butea,
Cal. sub-bilabiate. Vexillum very long, lanceolate.
seeds,
Legume compressed, membranous, one
seeded at end.
1523. Wiborgia. Cal 5-toothed, with rounded recesses. Legume turgid, sulcate, winged.
1524. Piscidia. Stigma acute Legume with four wings.
1525. Platylobium. Cal bracteate, 2-lipped, upper lip round, large, bifid. Stam, all united. Legume
stalked, compressed, winged at back, many-seeded.
1526. Borbonia. Stigma emarginate. Calyx acuminate, spiny, Legume mucronate.

1527. Rafnia. Cal ringent: upper lip bifid; lower spreading trifid; the middle tooth narrowest. Legume
lanceolate, compressed.
1528. Aspalathus. Cal. 5-fid, upper segment largest. Legume ovate, blunt, about 2-seeded.
1529. Sarcophyllum. Cal. campanulate, 5-parted, regular. Legume acinaciform, acute.
1530. Crotataria.
turgid, inflated, stalked. Filaments united with a dorsal fissure.
1531. Bossiaea. Cal.2-lipped, upper lip largest, half bifid, obtuse. Stam all united. Legume plano-com
pressed, stalked,
thickened at each edge. Seeds strophiolate.
1532. Scottia. Cal. imbricated with bractes, 5-toothed, with nearly equal teeth. Vexillum complicate,
shorter than alae, which are as long as carina. Stam. all united. Legume stalked, compressed, thickened at
each edge. Seeds 3-4, strophiolate.
1533. Templetonia. Cal. ebracteate, with 5 nearly
teeth. Carina oblong. Stamens all united, with
uniform anthers. Legume
icellate, plano-compressed, many-seeded. Seeds strophiolate.
1534. Goodia. Cal. with 2 nearly equal lips, upper half bifid, acute. Vexillum unfurled, large Stamens all
united. Legume stalked, compressed, about 2-seeded. Seeds strophiolate.
1535. Loddigesia. Vexillum much shorter than alae or carina.
m:
1536. Howed. Cal, bilabiate, the upper lip half bifid, retuse.
Stamens all united. Carina blunt
Legume
sessile, roundish, ventricose, 2-seeded. Seeds strophiolate.
1537. Spartium. Stigmalongitudinal, villous above. Filaments adhering to ovary.
Cal lengthened at the
1538. Genista, Cal 2-lipped: upper one with 2; lower one with 3 teeth. Vexillum bent backwards from
the rest of the flower.
1539. Lebeckia. Cal 5-parted, with acute segments and rounded recesses.
Legume cylindrical, many
seeded.
1540. Uter. Cal of 2 leaves, with a small scale at the base on each side. Legume turgid, scarcely longer
than the calyx.
1541. onomis.
Cal 5-cleft, its divisions linear. Vexillum striated.
Legume turgid, sessile.
Filaments in
one undivided set.
1542. Anthyllis. Cal inflated,5-toothed, inclosing the small roundish 1-3-seeded legume.
1543 Arachis. Cal 2-lipped. Cor resupinate. Filaments united. Legume gibbous, torulose, veiny,
Coriaceous,
1544. Lupinus.
Amorpha,
Cal.2-lipped. Anthers, 5 oblong, 5 round. Legume coriaceous, torulose, compressed.

Cal. campanulate, 5-fid. Vexilium ovate, concave. Alae o Carina O. Legume 2-seeded,
falcate.
1546. Abrus. Cal. obsoletely 4-lobed, the upper broader. Filaments 9, united at base, opening at back.
Stigma blunt. Seed spherical.
1547. phaseolus.
Carina with the stamens and style twisted spirally.
1548. Teramnus. Carina very small, inclosed in the calyx.
Five alternatestamens fertile. Stigma sessile,

#", Vexillum not callous. Flowers Pods short, broad, 1-seeded.
1550 don'chos, Vexillum with two calli at base, parallel, oblong, compressing the wings beneath.
1551. Stizolobium, Cal campanulate, 2-lipped upper lip entire, erect; lower trifid, with the middle
mentiongest vexillum ascending. Alae dolabriform, lunate at base, the length of carina. Anthers 2-form
hai: egume torose, 1-celled, with partitions. Seeds round, with a creste hilum.
1552. Glycine. Cal.2-lipped. Carina pushing back the vexillum with its end.
1553. Kennedia, Cal. 2'lipped: upper emarginate; lower trifid, equal. Vexillum reflexed, recurved. Alae
pressed to the carina. Carina remote. Stigma blunt Legume oblong.
1554. Cylista, Cal 4-fid, larger than cor.: upper segment bifid at end, or emarginate; lower very large.
Cor persistent Legume about 2-seeded.
1535. Galactia. Cal 4-toothed, with 2 bractes. Petals all oblong; the vexillum broadest and incumbent upon
the others. Stigma obtuse. Legumeround. Seeds roundish.
1556 clitoria. Cor resupinate, with a large spreading vexillum overshadowing the wings.
capitate.
549.
1557. Orobus style linear, cylindrical, downy above. Cal. obtuse at the base, its upper segments deeper and
1558. Lathyrus style plane, downy above, broader upwards. Cal with its two upper segments shortest.
shorter.
1559, ochr's Cal with the two upper segments conniving..., Vexillum with two teeth at the sides. Style
flat,
villous
above.Style
Legume
having
a membranous
wing Two
upon upper
the seed-bearing
1560.
Picum,
triangular,
keeled
above, downy.
segments ofsuture.
calyx shorter than the rest.
1561. Wicia. Style bearded beneath the stigma.
1562. Evum. Stigma capitate, hairy all over on the outside.
1563. Ervilia. Like vicia, but the ovary is plaited in folds.
1564. Cicer. Cal 5-parted, length of cor; four upper segments incumbent on the vexillum. Legume tur
-
gid, 2-seeded.
1565. Liparia,
Cal 5-fid, with the lower segment long.
": shorter than the rest. #":

1566. Cytisus,
Cal.2-labiate, 2-3.
1567. Mullera,
Cal. 4-toothed.
ovate.
tt
Alae 2-lobed below.
Three teeth of the larger
ted at b
Legume attenuated at base.
L' moniliform, with fleshy 1-seeded globules cohering by a thread.
1568, hopinia, Cal 4-fid; upper segment 2-parted. Legume gibbous, long. Leaves unequally pinnate.
1569. Caragana. Cal. subcampanulate. Stigma smooth, truncate. Legume cylindrical. Leaves abruptly
pinnated.
1570. Swainsonia.
Cal 5-toothed. Vexillum unfurled, larger than the blunt carina. Stigma terminal.
Style bearded lengthwise in front, not bearded at back: Legume turgid, not bladdery.
1571. Sutherlandia. Cal 5-toothed. Vexillum without callosities, folded back at edge, shorter than oblong
carina. Stigma terminal style with a longitudinal beard behind, a transverse one before. Legume inflated,
scarlose.
1572. Lessertia. Cal. half.5-fid. vexillum unfurled. Carina blunt. Stigma capitate. Style bearded trans
versely at end in front, beardless behind. Legume scariose without valves (compressed or ''
157: Cointed "Cal 3-toothed. Vexillum with two callosities, unfurled, larger than the blunt carina.
Stigma lateral under the hooked end of the style, which is longitudinally bearded behind. Legume inflated,
-
*:
... Gluc
hiza,
Cal. bilabiate,
Cal,
bilab
3-1.
Legume ovate,
te, ccompressed
# Legume
#
Cal tubular equal 5-parted
oblong, smooth, 33 seeded:
bifid
vexillum erect, reflexed at sides. Alae spreading. Carina

Q q 4
q
Class XVII. 17
DIADELPHIA.
600
VexlHum
wcely
longer
I576L Coronilla. Cal 2-lipped, 2-1 Upper teeth

round,
jointed,
straight
1577. Hippocrepu. Loment compressed, with many notches on _..
1578.
Orntthu/ms.
Legume
jointed,
curved,
cylindrical.
1579.
Loment
intercepted
division,
revolute, round.
.
1590. Scorpimms.
SniUhia. Stamens
divided
into
twobyequal
jointed, plaited,
included m tranjvene
thebifidHiyi
-' I58L
Setbania.
Cel. Mouthed,
Legume
long bundles,
[round orlamm
linear), 2-valved,
many-celled,with
pr.
1582. . Stamens divided into two equal bundle*. Legume jointed, straight, exserted. ititions.
.
2-parted,
1583. Styosanthst.
with toothed CaL
lips. tubular, long, bearing the corolla. Ovarium below the corolla. lament
. . one
or158+.
two-jointed, hooke<L
5-parted,
regular.
2-valved. blunt
1585. .
Letpcdeta.Cal. CaL
5-partta,
nearlyLegume
equal. I-seeded,
Carina transversely
1-seeded.
,
158d Flemingia. CaL 5.fid. Vexillum striated. legume sessile, 1, turgid, S-valved, Speeded.
1587. Zornia. Cal. campanulate, 2-lipped. Cor. inferior. Vexillum cordate, revolute. Anthen alterutrir
oblong
and round. Legume
jointed,
hispid.
blunt Loment with ]^^g"mi 1
1588.
Cal. spreading.
5-fid.
Carina
transversely
a with
subulate .pur 3*
1589. HedffMarum,
Indtepfera. CaL
Carina
w'*b aaVerting
uly
1590. TrpMrona. CaL with subuUte nearly equal teeth. Sumen monrtelphous. Wgun*
aubcoriaceous.
PENTANDBIA.
Rutace.W Si Guian. 1791 S il Aub.guilt
1500.
W. three-leaved
Monsiebia. ICD un 1JJUU
9959 MONNIETllA.
trifolia W.
LcgwnnofeP. sTtolMt DLP
UOL PETALOSTEMUM. HI .
W N. Amer. 1811. D Lp
9960
cndidum
PA.
Pk
Amer. 181 . D Lp BotmW
9961
crneum
Ph.
jlj Vw N.
N. Amer. 1811. tP
9962
violceum
PA.
9963 Ddlea
coryrobsum
PA.
Kulintra W.
HEXANDRIA.
1502. CORY'DALIS. Cordalu.
, Fumarate*.
9^64
SI
gre.it-ouered
1596. D r
Pu-W
9965 nbilU
tuberosaP.Dre.
hollow-rooted Sla
M 1 Jiy
tap 1.1.
Pu Europe
eeSvWS. g Flde.
M"
9966
fabcea&
W. en. Bean-leaved
^ oror * i t.ap
Pic
Britara
8fH
Bot map. 1^
9967
slida
solid-rooted
my
Y.Pu
N.
Amer.
681
D
9968 sempervrens P.S. glaucous

O or S Jl.au Y N. Amer. 1812. Bot."L
Eng. bot 5
9969
aOrea
W.
en.
golden
CD
or
1
11
Y
England
old*.
D
9970 ural6tui
ltea P. SFisch. lirai
yellow
GO
oror 1I J ap.o
Pa.Y S.Altai
?S Plaslm.t90.f
9971
au
R.
Europe
b9ft
9972
white-flowered X CD
my.o W.r Britain thick. S Eng. bot *
9973 capnoldea
clavicultaP.W.& climbing
oror 62 Jnjl
1503. CYSTICAP'NO& Wen. CvmciPNOs.
Fumariaccte. .Sp.g.1.a 1696. S s.1 .1.,3*
9974 africana
JO" * J"!1
Fumaria IV.cn.
veticria H.African
.
mag. I3
Fumariacets.
DIP Bot
1504.
DICLY'TRA.
Dec.
Diclyt.
W N. Amer. 1751.
9975
Cucullaria
Dec. naked-stalked
i5 oror 1Jjn.il
1796.
DD p.] Bot .sei
jnjl
F
9!176
formsa
Dec.
blush
N.
Amer.
1812.
jnjl Pk
F N. Amer. 1819. D Bot. mag9977
Dec.Dec. choice
5 oror iU jnjl
9978 eximia
canadensis
Canadian
1505.
ADLTJ'MIA.
& CD or 15 Fumariacor.
9979 cirrhsa
Raf. Raf. pongy.nowcr'd
jn. W.pu
9976
Wslury, Vsc, Propagation, Culture,

,ht garden
PtaStt'SSr*1,
"nnrjInof174.5.
Monsieur
Lo Monnier.
of
UM prri** "
l""ii'in*' H InPublished,
" Obsenation
sur les/
Plantes dangenu
in allusion to the union
. ..
Felaloaemua.
From
a petal, and
Into1501.a tube.
KuS<a.r is an ancient Greek name for the Fumitory, fro%I"'c,rVcasily
ly little"
Mn plauu, well adapted for rock-work or growing on pot*.
t Cu XVII.
DIADELPIIIA.
601
i
.a
iu
a
uiucro.
!.<..
nw
beetled
half-2-celled,
with
the
upper
suture
turned
,
*
..an
z-ceiiett,
inflated.
towards.
15& Astragalus. Legume 2-cclled, more or lena gibbous, with the lower suture turned inward*. Carina
bluDt
BisemUa.AlseLegume
2-cellcd,
flat, towiththeacolumn
contraryofstamens.
dissepimentStamens
serrated 5-10,
on each
edge.without a separate
l>S
DaJc.i.
and carina
adhering
united,
filament.
Legume
1-seeded.
13i^7. Psoralen, Cal. the length of pod. Stamens diadelphous. Legume 1-seeded, subrostrate, valrelees.
Melotut.
than calyx,
rugose. Cal. tubuUr, 5-touthed. Carina simple, shurtcr than ala: and vexillum. Legume lunger
1599.
Lsspuuuter.
Cal. campanulate, 5-toothed, with setaceous teeth. Stigma uncinate. Legume not
knotted,
round,
many-seeded.
Itii. Trifolium.
Legume
(in general) shorter than the cal., 1 or many-seeded, indhiscent, deciduous.
Flowers
moreor
leu
capitate.
lfiOL
Lotus.
Legume
cylindrical,
straight Ala; of the cor. cohering by their upper edge. Filaments
dilated upward*.
1&&
Trtragtmotobus.VeUlum
The
I...lu-, but
the
pod sanare w<"
tu. * wings. W>er eoge. Filament.
m TngoncU*.
ggyS"**"Tfl* characters
of T^
, the
u 1
an.l alallar
*4""** ôthed, ^g2nJhLyrn of ^' corcha.
legume falcate or spin.lv lK,st ,
' ^
turgid, 1 or
^^dichotomo, Leave, ternate, Spike bifid
HEXANDRIA.
j Mo brrached ditti./ r Lg aVc"u decompound. Scim i iL; S ffm-. cunaleor oblong

1 peeie.
ISO r
3570 "
Ciass XVII.
DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA.
602
Fumariacear,
1506.
Sarcocapnos.
9980 SARCOCAPNOS.
enneepbjlb Dec. Dm.
nine-leaved
3t or 1 my.jl P.Y Spain""3 4. D Boct2.t"itl |si
So. 410.cul.gr. S Eag.bJJ
. . cen
Fumai iacect. Britain
.
FUMA'RIA.
P.S.
Fumitory.
iny.au Pfc
9981
officinlie
P.P.S.S. common
O *w 24 ray.s
cornil.
8S Eng-boL
^
FPk Brittin
92
caprcolta
ramping
J,
England
corn
fi.
1*
1<*
5
au.
9&3
parviflra
P.S.
small-flowered
O
w
S.
burope
1714.
S
ItmiUlillI
998+ spicta P. S.
narrow-leaved O w 8 jLau F
OCTANDRIA.
Polygaie. Sp.N.27163Milkwort.
tl508.
POLY'GALA.
W.
8 et Plukti&O
Amer. 1812.
O oioi 1 J"jn.J, Pk
flesh-colored
9985
mag1775.pa. DD s.1 Bol
Europe
bitter
9986 incarnta
amra W. W.
Eng.
16^
Britain
dry
}
my.jn
o
JacauAitJIS
common
9987
vulgaris
W.
JJ
s.1
Austria
1739.
jl.au
large
Austrian o J my.au Pu N. Amer. 1812. D il Bot- meg. SS
9938
major
IV. W.
naked-stalked
A 6 my.o Pu . H. 1713. S i.p Bot
9989
pauciflia
BoL reg.l)
mig. &
r-leaved L_l
9990
bracteolta
IV
8 s.p
1814.
Pu .. G.G. H.
I I ) 6S my.o
9991
specisa
1
Bot.
rep. 370
s.p
H.
1791.
my.au
Pu
9992
teretiflia H.W.JC columnar-lvd.
179!.
1 my.jn Pu N.CG.Amer.
9993 purprea
purple
*
s.p
1812.
3 my.au
mi Pu C. G. H.
$9994
virgu .
twiggy
BoLTeg.S
S p.l Bot mag-B
R
9995
myrtiflia IV.IV. !te-leaved
Myrtle-leaved *
H. 1707.
179a .p
23 my.au
CG.
9908 opu04itif1ia
s.p Bol mag-*
1791
C.C. G.G. R
mr.au Pu
9997
conlillia
W.
heart-leaved
1812. Sks.1LP Bot mag. 516

H. 1658.
2i my.jn
ir . Pu
9998
Y .Austria
9999 tomentosa
ChamvbxusIV. W. woolly-leaved
Box.leaved JL.*
180. ils-p Bot

my.jn
Pu CG.G. R
10000
latiflia Kcr.
broad-leaved
Bot reg.
reg.1>"
H. 1820.
my.au Pu
10001 liguliris
Ker.
etr.ip-leaved
S LP
S-p Botrep.W
1812.
14 ja.d
my.d Pu. C. G.G. H.
$10002
iiifrmU
W.
filiorm
H. 1800.
IlOOoS micrntha W. small-flowered
1822, S Bol reg. 761
S.N. Amer.
10004
panlculU
IV. Rattlesnake
paniclcd rooti
io J *Jljl.au-, Pa.pu
W
Amer. 1739.
1739. SS Botmajw,
Plu.am.tww
10U5
Senega
W.
Y
N.
Amer.
OO Olo i1 jn.jl
10006 ltea W.
golden
S Bot oab.
G Pu N. G.Amer.
1815.
jl.au
10UU7
viridscens
W.
greenish-flower.
Pk
R
1817.
I
my
I
I
10008 hnmilis Lodd. dwarf

. O o 1 jU Pu N. Amer. 1739. S Huk.t4u
10009
sangunea
IV.W. purplc-spiked
W N. Amer. 1739. S piuttO-f*
oor ijl.au
lUiHi
vert
cillta
whorl-leaved
jll-jl G.Pu N. Amer. 1739.
1001 1 crucita W.
four-leaved
. 437. 1787. ..p Bot mag.-
Poiygaie.
1509. I MURALTIA.
Mraltia.
6 ja.d
Pu 6. G.G. H.
S .p Bot. mag. Uto
10012
' -t. ru W. Keck.
Furie-lcaved
H. isoa
33 ap.e
my.au Pu
10013
alopecurodes
W.
Foxtail
Lp
C. G. R
1801.
R
s-p Bot
Bot magmag- M*i 3
10014 etipulcea W.
stipuled
*
179L
J ja.d Pu cG. a
10015 mixta W.
Hcath-leaved il
... 1.
tl510.spinsa
MUN'DIA.
S Polygeof.
ja my Pu t-G.R
10016
W. Kunth.spinyHunda. *
1511. SECURIDA'CA. W. Srcuridaca.
10017 volubilis W.
climbing
History, Use,
Pro/Higa/ion, Culture,
From
flesh,
*rwf
So named by DewnaouHe on account ^ ^
1506. Sarcocapnos.
* i^.u ^.,
n- and
. fumitory.
fleshy
of" the
plants
those of otheremcHottnepi^
al *wl Y11; )V t^The
,**
*\
. 1507.subttanee
Fumaria.of the
Fromleaves
Junius,
smoke
; incontrasted
allusion towith
the disagreeable
the
same
meaning,
call
Fuiwierre",'whence
our
English
warFmttwy^Sxloni
ofthe
P, lSfi.
officinalis
was_ -irmcriy
formerly
considered
valuable
antiscorbutic,
and
much
wa8 leiieC",*r
believed
to ; 1" .
consiileml
valuaste
anu
n\.,t was
Polygala.
From b,
much,aand
,amsworoutic,
milk. Uioscorides
says, used
that mthe"nt
pijj
;
e lacteal secretiona in women. The species are handsome free-flowering P!J,,|*- tTie year. 1.^ '
highly
thempeat;
continue
the winterby: P.cuttings
fJ.'P^X
freely inornamental,
sandy loam,andorsome
loamofand
and inarebloom
readilyall increased
oi voung wood,
under" Tu,Kf
a bell-gfass.
.n- . E Smith
"* J^-S
inr
was
thought
to
possess
something
of
the
properties
of
P.
Senega,
;'
fusion
hcrl) talmrough.
m I moming
about quarter
a pintofdaily,
pnmuf cXpocturat
*lh sucr.*,
b2Sf1the
a thoui
He triedflistil^,
it at Mont,*lier
by theofadvice
FrofewrGoUJ
Ac0jrtUngJ
to th^ su Hn'n U usefuL Areign writers celebrate il as a grateful and nutritious food
P" Ben-fr
kine, sheep,
and goats
it, buthalfswine
refusethick,
it and covcrea
-oTCred with -!01"*8* haPwimcnu,
woody, branched,
contorted
root,catabout
an inch
DIADKLPHIA HEXANDRIA.
OCTANDSIA.
995 Fl.Flowers
erect,thanI.*
alternate
crestedcrested
rarem.spiked.
WingsStem
ofcal.herbaceous
S-nerved branched
blunt longer
cor Stem,
erect,subulate
Lys. blunt : raille, obovate
Ca*' S!
4*7
crated
racem.
Wings
ofc.il
a-uerved
blunt
length
ofcor.
Stem,
procumb.
LeavesLva,
linear-lanc.
acute
9*8
crest
racem.
Wings
ofcaL
many-nerv.
blunt
mucron.
short,
than
cor.
bums
elect,
lia lane, acute
9989
FLFl.cratcd,
crated term,
in threes.
Stems ofcaL
quite simple
erect naked beneath,
Leaves
ovate.
9!>
Itacemc
term.
Wings
cuspidatemany-nerv.
Stem
erect
shrubby,
Lvj
bn.
lane,
smootli
9*1 FLcrest
crest. Racemeterm,
Appendagedouble,
withoutbrades
manjr-fl.StemLvsshrubby,
altern, Lvs.
obi. cunate
Mnootn
1 t* 9992
fcw.fl. Kaccmes
Wings
acuteubterra.
many.nerved.
linear subulate
LeavesofcaL
ovateovate
fleshy
fit 99111
K*t HPI crested
crated somewhat
racemose, umbelled.
Bractes 3-loaved,
Leaves
obovate oblong
98 H. crested, Stem
Racemes fcw.fl.Leaves
term. Keel laic,te.
Stem
Leaves obL bluntish smooth
acuteshrubby,
; 9395
res? FLFL crated.
crested, Racemeshrutibv,
terminal, Stemopposite
shrubby,ovate
Branches
downy, Leave! cordate mucronato opposite
9998 FlFL beardless,
crested whorlcd.
cordate
downyabout
beneath
9999
Pedunc.Leaves
terminal
and axill.
2-fl.coriaceous
Stem shrubby.
Leaves
obi.
lanceolate
S?1 IKW
FL crated,BrancbesvilL
Branches
downy,
leaves
decussating
ovatepetals
downy
beneathacute
FLcrest
Lvs.
scattered
Ungulate
smooth,
Outerglaucous
lobe ofthe
of vcxiUum
very short
l'Hfi
Fl
beardless
lateral,
leaves
solitary
S-coniered
mucronate
i1"1, i Fl. crated,
beardlessRacemes
axillary sessile,
IHM
axillaryleaves
on longlinear
stalks.mucronato
Stems erect branched upwards Leaves linear acute
110)5 Fl beardless,
beardless, Spike
filiform,
erect Stem
herbaceous quite
simple, lane
Leavesacute
oblong lanceolate
IHWfi
Hacemeterminal
cvlindr.terminal,
capitate stem
terminal,
ai"" KKJT
Fl. bcarulass globose
capitate
Stem
erect simple,simple,
leavesleaves
linearobi.bluntish
i-ai
11'.'
Leaves
ovate-lanceolate
Imbricated,
Stem
branched
decumbent
!u! Flowers
Flowers bearillese
beardless,distant,
PeduncLeaves
squarrose,
Stem
branched '
lUllli
linon*5,em
^s.'-J
4rrose,
branched erect
ai'*
10)11 Flowers beardless in headedIrate''"!0"
spikei
Wh0rW'
ai K
Pile,, Leave.v.-. rom,
four.8"
liitear-lanceolate,
Fl
,, ,
linear-laneeolate, Stem meh<t
somewhat toched
brand ^
rtwroscent. r.<Tivr.= _ j
s
assist - ^1^.***
- <
' "" mucronate very close
ir
**. or ova,, Branches short spin,
I ,'t*' Ml'BMl.e.ali,Ue(i<,en J, u
slaves o.al-obl. acute. Hacemn, lateral
Od
/ QUQ1
* .
,aW
10003 mm, ^roiis ; the tasto I f !i""c"m">" ,,
oromtno -B*^btl*1^ a!t(1 nauseous
604
D1ADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
DECANDRIA.
l^gumiuostt.
36. lfifi.
1512.
NISSVLI
A.
W.
Niwolia.
il.n Y S.Sp.Amer,
0018 fruticsa 1.
hrubby
i_
a Amer. 1819.
10019
rctsa
W.
en.
blunt
... w
1823.
10020 glabrta Lm*. polished
i_
Legumiuostc.
Sp.Indiel
19. 1811.
1513. lat.fiia
DALBER'GIA.
If'.broad-leaved
Dalburcia.
.V... W
E.
10021
W.
W EE. Indies
Indies 1811.
rubiK'inA W. climbing
*
... W
1811.
100-23 paniculta IV. panicled
*
Leguminosa?.
S;>.
13.
1514.
PONGA'MIA.
Vent.
Pomamia.
10024 glbra P. S.
smootli-leavcd J or 30 f.. W E Indies 1699.
39. 1811.
10025
1515. Mnrsi'ipium
PTEROCAR'PUS.
W. PrEROCARPim.Q or 40 Leguminosa;.
...... W
ESp.Amer.
Indies
W. crescent
emarginatc-lvd.J
W
1792.
110036
lunitUl
W.
po.lded
or
fi
10027 eaiiUlInu \V. Red SaundersWooilt ec 60 ... Y E Indies 1800.
Leguminosa;.
Sp
1*.
1516
ECASTAPHYL'LUM.
/tick.
Eca^tapiivllum.
10028 Brow'nei Rich. oval-leaved t or lu ... W W. Indies 1733.
Sp. I5.1/|8.
*1517.
GEOFFIIO'YA.
W.emooth
Bastar -Tre.8 leguminosa.Jamaica
$10029 incrmu
W.
Leguminosa!.
Sp.
12. 1793.
1518.
DIPTERIX.
Tonucin*
Biu
Pu Guiana
10030 odorta W.
sweet-scented
Leguminosa;.
Sp.
L
1519.
PARIVCPA.
.
Pariua.
10031 grandiflora . large-flowered I or SO ... Pu Guiana 1821.
1520. AMERIM'NUM. IV. .
Sp.Indi
10032 latilium
Hrwnci W.
Browne's
or 1012 Leguminosa;.
Im35. 1814.
SliXKi
broad-leaved
YW S.Vi.Amer.
*;0034 ETscnus W.
Jamaica Ebony Q or 12 jl.au Y W. Indies 1713.
tWI.
ERYTHRl'NA. W.herbaceous
Coi. Tksb.
Leguminosa. Carolina
Sp. 10211724.
10035
Vera
Cruz 1690.
1733.
10(136 horlicca
rmea W.W.
flesh-colored ft IJ oror 1!; jn.s
my
W.
Indies
100.37 Corallodcndrum
W. smooth-leaved I I or 2t my.jn
EE Indies
OOM
indica W.W.
Indian
JJ II or 20
Indies 1814.
1SO0.
MMl finta
brown-flowered
.E G.Indies
H. 1816.
lOOtO
catira W.W.
Cajie
m i ) oror fi0
IS9S.
100*1
W. Indies 1805.
100*2 plcta
specisa H. K. prickly-leaved
targe-flowered SIf
or 10
10018
10022
XVII. I
S p.l JacvinilLUJ '

8.1s.l
ils.1 Rox.cor.il
al Rox.cor.it
Rox.rar.ltlUu
s.1 Ventmalm 1
alal Rox.cor.!.tlIS
IzrailUlita
al
r.m Br.iam.tSCI
p.1 Ph.tran.1777.4
Lp AuLguLitSi
r.m AuhguUStr)
r.ra Ja.atlI3
. I.pr.m Ja-1"],
Br. jurat.fi
S r.m
I.p rc*.chrett
Bot.moi.S77
SS r.m
Com.hor.UW
r.m
I.p RheeimalUJ
Ruiaamo.il-
S I.p
reg. if r.m Bot
Rum.>mbi"l
S r.in Bot.rcp.4is
History,
Use, Proixtgalion,French
Culture,
thS
1512. Ntssolta.
In honor
of William
Nissolc,
r . of];33.
academy
of Mont|<cllier,
and author
or some
papersanin induslrious
its 1 ransactions. Hebotanist
was bomHein was.
111,>ana
Cuttings root in sand, but not very readily.
.1 u|on
Dnlbrrgin.
NlcnnlH Dalberg
ivas surgeon
ordinary atopupil
the
of Sweden,
alle o.ofking.
1jnnsnu,
travelled
in Uutcu u
a work
the Metamorphoses
of Plants.
Anotherin Dallierg,
-?e
,
c0,nmu,1icated
specimens
to
his
preceptor.
Ripened
cuttings
root
in
sand.
1514.
Puugnmia.
An
alteration
of
the
vernacular
name
of
the
plant
in
India
.
IOUS winf-..inlrfl
WIOKS. p gamalim
iruC
From on..,
a wing, andbark
,resemblifruit Its pods have membranous
Ine true
is a151ft.
loftyPilocarpus.
troc,Saunders
with alternate
branches,
the common
^
olhcnial
ral
uunden
wood,' tint
detectedandby aKnig
in India It is brought
home inald!,.?^,,
billets,
Officinal
red
wo
insipid. i"
"' ,??tbcir.
heavy,
and
sink
in
water.
Red
saunders
wood
has
an
aromatic
odor,
and
is
nearly
insipid"
,
nord,
of aitsfinecoloring
grain, matter,
takes a which
high polish,
color, towhicb
on "|
" yields
a|ipearsandto abebright
of a gurnet
resinousrednature,
etherdeepens
and alcohol,
out n ,0
J LmAm Dis/rnsatoru,
4;78.1 draconia Many of the red Indian woods tiwde ht<~A
juice
th,0kaPb!'ic!l,:.t>n<;.
sort of Sanguis
Djooo red hiI.n,
|.'.'* 1,lljptcd rrom several Irees, and from this among others. (JUsm. Suppl.)
? 11"".(">
"caco, inandlighttheloamy
fruit ofsoilCalamus
Rotang. with their leaves untouched,
, .,. ulrootiii
amiIn im,dr0;
" the
P'"uf- thrive
; and cutting!!,
wu
1516. ml**
F ra(ommon hand-glass.
K1 h u altfavs
imple,
Prom u.m, everyone, and ja, a leaf; that is to , leafwhicn
-,1"""1'""
several others,
as those of neighbouring
genera.Professor ofc,vat
JanM
u7.
Roi,especia
and amal"
ho"or ofofofEtienne
Francois
Mmb.HeAcad.
al the
^,,1
work,
S,"ff S1'
thc "oval
Socictvliooflroi,
of Ix>dnn.
was thePar.,author
of severalbotan!
rjeoicai
^,
mooti. grey ,rk* aa'"or,a
MedicaHe
was
born
in
1672,
and
died
in
1731.
A
tree,
l>",,c,^"
S'a
and p,natc lcaves and wh . rem,ir,blc in papilionaceous plants, a drupe fruit
"i
ri"*
.
.1'
OlOER IV.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRI.
605
m. t
sh
Hill
Eli*
Iii
(lo
DECANDRI.
ana auiimlc, Leaflcu
urn|latI, ImoMbf n r
smooui, mUel* terminal, Fruit lai

lOOil
Leaves pinnated,
pinnated- Leaflets
|... ovate acuminate smooth. Fruit ovate acute veinIose
ft1 " 10025 Leaves pinnated, Leaflets elliptical emarginate, Stipules none, Panicle termin.
ft' i: 1< Lea* pinnated, Spinet stipulary, Fruit lunate
CD 7 Leaves tmate roundish blunt quite smooth, Petals crenate wavy
10S8 Leaves simple cordate-ovate downy beneath
10029 Unarmed, Leaflets ovatc-lanceolate
;* 10030 Leaves alternate. Raceme terminal
031 Leaves pinnated, Flowers smooth
lit Unarmerft Leaves simple stalked alternate eubcordate ovate, Racemes compound axillary
imS Spiny, Leaves
/nnated,subsessile
Leafletsaggregate
ovate acuminate,
Stem arboreous
*
obovate oblong.
Peduncles 2-flowered
HJ
tenate smooth,
rhomboidStem
smooth.
Stem prickly,
herbaceous
unnrmed,
Calyxes truncate
rm ifj^ves
m t(,n,atl-'
ten>ate
arboreous
Calyxes
canipanulatc
truncate
g
YM
unarmed.
Stem
arboreous
prickly,
Ca'vxes
truncate
5-toothed
J*
{-"ves
tmate
unarmed.
Stem
arboreous
prickly,
Calvxcs
spathaccous
i ve' tcrnale unarmed lanreolate. Stem arboreous prickly. Calyxes bifld
sntS
Ornate prickly.
unarmed,sum
I-eafJets
blunt, Stem arboreous prickly
i"
Leaves tenate
arboreous
sum
Leave*
tenate priVM? beneath.
Petiolesprickly
unarmed. Stem prickly
^.'w ,S ",e ' appendage, of the ta. ,r

" ..^ "no
'"ir bean,
own country
called ,;,^_jand'..arere
ni.rfi.min
^sr S-ftste
bcan> for
is
">..'. im.?. Vf namM ioni to th '' handsome tree.
'in"t"h " "f" "y ! hy 'he . .
5j~5 ,'' Wnt ino,nin8 common lireeither
Medareby yellow
the in.
alifolium
' e ,.|| |. '1'e,SCC,M ^"8 remarkable fe the brilliant scarlet color of
almost herbaceous ;
DIADELPHI A DECANDRIA.
Class XVII. lui
606
Brasil
1771.
S
r.m
Exottotit* eat
Cock's-Comb mf Qor
100*3
Crteta-galU
Nepal 1880. Lp
ci or 40 my.jl
10044 ovlie
\11. W. oval
2.
l!l .
1522. frondosa
BUTEA.f.W. downy-branch.
S.E.Sp.Indi pl 30
f:
10045
Indies assess
7
smooth-branch. epl 30
10046 superba
If'.
ViBORGIA. m i_J or 3 Legumtnusre.
1523. VIBOR'GIA. silky
Sp..11
h. im Lp
jl.au
10047 lerice*
191.Dogw. f tm 25
1524. Erythrtiia
PISCI'DIA.
W
10043
Jamaica
Leguminosa;.
tl525.
PLATYLOBIUM.
Sm.
Flat-Pea.
Wim s ir BiMg.
jii.au
Or
1004 formeutn H. . large-dowered
my.a Or
Or VOLL 1805. S LP Bot.m.g.W
10050 parviflrum H.K. small. flowered
jn.i
10051 triangulre H. . triangular-Ivd. *
Sp. 911.
Ispimines.
*1526\
BOKBO'NIA. Heath-leaved
Boauosu. v_|or jl.au
1812.
H.
Y CG.
PllLalmtSI.t}
10052
CG.
H.a "ITS'.
Jac.Kbis.ltll'
10053 ericiflia
trtlirvia
three-nerved l ]or 65 jl.au

IT.'.i
e.G.
jl.au
10054
lanceolU
many-nerved
1812.
G.
H.
ll_|or 64 jl.au
510055 perfoliate '.
perfoliate
1812.
CG.
H. 1759.
wave-leaved
10056
undultaIf.W.
map.
fi jl.au
jl.s
heart-leaved
10057
C.CG.
G.G. H.
H.H. 1774.
f.l Bot.
Bot!
cab. SJ7*
m i_j or 63 jn.au
10058 conlta
crenta
II',
noteh-leaved
17!.
Botin*
!IS8 *>4|
jl.au
licvigta
polished
S
p.l
1790.
C.
G.
H.
lUOfiO ruacifa / /. Butcher's Broome i | or * il
1537. triflra
RAF'NIA.
RAFffl*. OJ or ^ "tt 1786. S M **
10061
W. Th. three-flowered
1528.
ASPA'LATHUS.
W.
AsPALATHUS.
3 Leguminosa?.
Uu Y CSp.G.1875.
H. 1759. p.] Brevai. centt.
lOUt
Chenopda
Gooseloot
4 jl.au YW CG.
H. 775 9 P B*r-SU
1003
W. W.H. K. small-leaved
silky
.
.
H.
pl 1(
alliens
pedunculta
_ Pf|' 62 jl.au
1789.
YY .C. G.G. H.H. jl.au
sL_jpr
1065
ericirlia
IV.
Heuth.leaved
1812.
33 jl.au
|_|
lOOe
asuaragoliles
W.
A>paragus-lv(
p.l Bot mi if
1795.
my.jn YY CG.
l_ipr 2 jl.au
10067
fleshy-leaved l_lpr
S plp.i IW
m'3
1800.
C.C. G.G. a
H.
Bt"1J;,V,t7
10068 carnsa
crassifliaII'.B. Rcp. bristle-pointed
1799.
Y
H.
2
jl.au
liated
i
I
pr
p.1
.."1""
10069
cilins
W.
1812.
Y
CG.
H.
3 jl.au Y G. H. 1789. pl
ainglc-flowcred
10070
unirlra
W.IV.
na
awl-leavcd
1ii III prprpr Sljjl.au
10071
eubulu
_ sS plpl Bot"T
5
C.C. G.G. H.H. 1795.
jn.jl Or
globular
B,
MW,11
10072
globosa
.
Rep.
Y
3
jnjl
5
'
Bheeiaa!'-15'
cobweb
iCTJI prpr 3 jl.au R E India 1759.
10073
arancaa
W.
Indian
10074
indica
If. IV.
jl.au Y C. G. HH. 1759.
silver-leaved
i | pr 22 jn.jl
10075
argntea
white
s
i1 I| prpr 3 jl.au YY CG.
l.p BotD
1007I
cndicans
H.
,
CG.
H. 1774.
1812.
oval-spiked
l'XI77
callosa
W.
Y
e.G.
H.
1796.
33 jn.jl
10078 mucronata W. thorny-branch.
i
|
pr
Y
CG.
H.
1822.
sM l_J pr jn.jl
10079 ailuis Tltunb kindred
10048
10OSO
,
Propagation,
Culture, off at a om ,
nted
would
bo,
If
the
plants stay
outoftilltheir
they
are inUse,
bloom.
Cuttings
bML,
without being deprived
of any
leaves,
strike root
readilytaken
under a nana-giaw
patron
of^botanical
â f
bute, a ismunlflcent
muiiiutci.t
i'"";-.
_ftliectiols.
Named ofin free
honorgrowth
of the_...teliarl
lateeasy
Earlpropagation,
ofor Bute,
Butets.
id4L
genus, though
and
yet rare
Briticlotri,
i coi
aplendi
of rnenowere
the flowers
dye incotton
p___mls|f
,n lowimptf?
anq P^",
dosa
is
obtained
the
Hum
lac
of'commerce.
Infusions
ot
uvC
~\
.nwsin
"-'"f;her
with
acuttings
eolutionshould
of alum,be ortaken
of alum
and
tartar,
ofplanted
a beautiful
yellow
color.without
'BC,P^
8de,,rivedof"'
and
offat
a
joint,
and
In
a
pot
ofsand,
being
i
6<!,
are r
leaves : one pot is enough under a hand-glass, as the leaves take up much room, aim,
to 1.0.
damp nbarsia
off. Theyusually
should bewritten
plungedHibariia,
in a moistreceived
heat." its(Bat.name
Cult.after
0.) M. brlc -,
a
learned
ana
'' rnrHieeiglit"11"*
Uamsh botanist, author of several botanical treatises in his own language in tne enu
oi
o'P.1'
Iike tho" ofviscis,font
genera, may
be treateduseasthe
bcottia.
nobon.oneThis
t"^ [
io24. PhciMa.
fishpreceding
; the
of America
tarn a?it "is reciwlcd
prendmg
branchesFrom
and pinnatea leaves,
andinhabitants
is very common
in Jamaica, where
or ootof 1m
ltuS'1^'" ,hc i,land- Thc J "> vy ""J and 'mous, and last*.almost
for.1 '
Th lLilLBht-b'"wn ,. , crostgrained, and heavy. .) ".mak"fde,Ktiol. of i :* J
the
S," form
ofulcers,
mce.especially
The tarkwhen
of the
is verywithi''""81',""hark
J ,J,1
mn?at6
Ij'ârge
it istrunk
combined
the mangro^ 0,,l,e; root
r'
a,i
"ouM
P'Obably
answereffects
well asforthe
tanning
leather.
(f.oi, of8)^"""
' "^.on
i spread
it it1 :
dthemiied
IKhTi*"
ana
with
the
same
leaves
and
branches
may
'th the water in some deep and convenient part of a river or creek, when
j Oaukir.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
r iii* 10 Leave* tmate, Petiole* prickly glandular, Sterna
ij 100H Leave* ternate oblong oral blunt
I3[t,ki 10013 Branchctdowny, Leaflets roundish cmarginate
Qlrih1 100*6 Branche*smooth, Leaflets obovate roundish blur
[I lOW Leaflet* and twiggy branche pubescent
j ; i > 18 Leaves unequally pinnate, Leaflets ovate
j ; ^ 100*9 Leaves cordate ovate, Ovary hairy
^ t i 10050 Leave* lanceolate ovate, Ovary smooth
|1 10051 Leave*deltoid or hastate withh spi
spiny angles
Km CS!'ai,i netted '
If"
i
pa P't<J pungent oblong denie
t'wcicted h form blunt h, i7f | lw'ce as ionc as 1>/
;"
a
,ww*
im*?
in j fw
end the
Mitcclianeout
Particular*,
*trtdcau!nm.thf
r!sh,that ]ie h"<l under
rocks or banks
rise to the surface, where they float as if they
M-caied
ink
the
"t*
on
recover
alter
a
time,
but
the nutlet
are destroyed.
'1 hespread
eel is not
in11 ll"> it *. nmni. "*' thou8n it i affected very sensibly
for thefrymoment
the particles
where
**** American plants. 8"at a8'''ty* Jacnuin observes that this uu-dity of intoxicating ttsh is round in many
In but ls Kltiora all"wed to grow large enough to flower. Cuttings root
*1#18
pod, and
in allusion
to the form
of the pod.
"tejan orbv *'p l**f.
grnw 111broad,
> and
1Xssf,
and aPC-'1;
are increased
by cuttings
in sandHandsome)
under a
^*u"
paUm'nfvj*1".10
Gaston Bourbon,
Duke ofculture
Orleans
son
of Henry IV. of France, a great
JW.
Rafnia
,
y'
astoma.
Shrubs
ofeasy
and
propagation.
rnaarhtheandI ,S2!l*CC*^ne
Mr C. volumes.
G. Ral'n of ACopenhagen,
nuthor
ofa Flora
I '",1-'^Wjaand
Pu,),l!iel1,1mSirUparte,
179James
and Smith,
18UU, in alter
two octavo
genus of Capo
pllSvtU,
sepa.
,'ftee
I. ias^Cn<MAn
ncientt
to
tix'tb
e
oftne
>*,anii
Jxpalakui
on
the
coast
Lyca.
It
was
a
common
practice
,ain hat Ulan. Um!* Ilamc* Of places upon certain plants, as Cytisus, Lycaim, and others. it is not with
cer.
l.Vthl*E - mmm
AspaiatW ShruU and unrirr-shrubi, with fiwcicubi-
in a mi*"-" "r
'Se*""" r,|4 "** ely
freely. ^^fi-,
,
Class XVIL
Leguminosa. Sp. t
^
1529. carneum
SARCOl'HYL'LUM.
Th. Sakcophvllu*.
10080
. jointed-leaved
i_l cu S my.au Y t. G. H. 1812. Cil Bot mag.
Leguminosa.
Sp.
4087.
.
IV.
CaOTALARlA.
1
jnjl
Y
America
1731.
S
1*1530.
CRpTALA'KIA Virginian
ES un 111 Y E. Indici Il*. S
10081 laglttSlis
J"n
H. 1810. BolcaliSoS
10082
protrta If.
if. en. prostrate
many-flowered ED
i | pcun 2 jl.au Or .E. G.Indie.
S10063
floribunda
1807. S
10084 rubigiusa (.. fcrrugineous
t
1
.
Amer.
1821. S
Y
1
jl
flat-podded
un
10085
platycrpa
Link.
1789.
YY E. Indien
42 au.s
larte-ti.-cupped
or
1008
aiuhylloiles
//.
.
Inities
S il1.1 Bot
o.n
square.ItaIked
i
10087
tetiagna
.
.'.
Ilralil
1823.
YY E. Indies 1817. SS
52 au.s
St. Pauls
23
un
10068
.,
au.s
un
10089 paulina
Schranck.
/./. small-flowered
Y E Indie. 1806. S II Plo.lin.l''
21 jn.jl
Bengal
CE
un
10090 beughalcnsii P. S. striated-sulked
]n.jl YY E Indiei 1700. SS p.1 BoLrvpfcS
EB
un
10091
jncea
W.
CD un
un 1,M
10092
difffisa
La*./.*'. diffuse
,
jn.jl HY Nepal
Nopal
EE
E Indie. 1823.
1817. SS p.l BoLnig.lS3
10093
nepalnsis
2U jn.lt
window-calyxed
ED
un
10094
feilestrata
.
iL
Y E.E Indie
Indica 1731.
1807. SS p.lp.l B*1^
_
jn.jl
silky
EE
un
10095
serlcca
W.
Y.Pu
1 jl.au
jn.jl E IndiM 1731. r.ra Bol M
wedge-leaved
un
10096
retea
(. W.
blue-flowered f ES
EE
un
10097
verrucsa
Pa.Y

211 jl.au
-Y Indie. 1820.
EE
un
glittering
100**8
micans
/.//.-.
100. SS p.l Bot.rep.SI
EU un 2 ap.my
short-keeled
10099 curtfita Link.
mr.iny
i
E
lndie>
UM
S p.1 Ve.ektU
mai o
un
short-podded
10100
pochra
.
a:.
3 mr.s Y E.E India
un
10101 semperflrens P. S. ever-blowing
Indie. 1790.
1816. SS pip.1 Bur.mJLtSI!
.
1 jn.au
ES
un
10102
hlrta
f.
en.
hairy
Y
jl.au Y Ceylon 1823. S
un
10103 biflra
If. Link. small-flowered
two-flowered
,
12 jl.au
ED
un
10104
micrntha
Braiil
1819.
'
inv jn YY Mvore 181. Bol. n
mmlCDl un
10105
vilelllna
.
Yolk
of
S
jn.jl
un
10106 pulchrrima . M. pain
Mysore
Indie. 1732.
1807. Lp g"-4$
.j,,,a
mlrml orun 3 jnjl YY.< EJamaica
wnicled
10107 iMiculta If. I.oius.]eaveii
1739. SS WSr
10108
lotifa
W. W. Labunium-lvd. ]f ]
58 jlap.jn
YD.Pu .E G.GIndic
H.H. 1790
P.
Bofe
un
10109
labumiflia
178ft p.l BoLreg.ua
heart-leaved ** iI 1I un
JlOUOcordlfIU W.
43 H.au
inr.my Pu
dark.purple
un
a
5.
len
pi
b*s
10111
purprea
.
JC.
Y Abysiini. 1810. p.l BoLIrP-
I1 un
10112
pulchila.Hep.
AL large-flowered
Salt".
I
un 311 Vjl
10113
Saltina
1781. S p.l
jl.au YY EGuineo
axil-flowered
G3
un
10114
axillaris
IV
Indie.
18IH
SU
Sl
1
jl.au
strigose
[]
un
101
15
orixnsie
ff.
en,
CG.
H.
Y
6 jn.o G.v. W.India 1774.
1ICD1 un
1714. SS ..P
ip BoLTO-'
101
16 incanecens
'. spreading
hoary
un 22 jnjn jljl Pa.Y
10117
Incna
if.
Africa
I77i
S
P
h
o
tJ|
nn 11 YPa.Y E.lnd
10118
plida
W. ' pale-flowered
C.G.H. 1792.
1815. S .p
.p *
Khecnu"> LJi
narrow-leaved (12
iitViI un
10119
angustiflia
1
jnjl
un
101- quinquellia W. ilve-leavcd
1531. Scolopndrium
BOSS! X.'A. Sm.
Bobhjka. * | I or Leutnirwta:. Sp.^^ c iplotrep--1P1
10121
'.Plank-plant
11
10122
rfa
. A. V. red-flowered
i\ I| oror 63 jn.".
my.d (Ir
10123
heterophylla
various.leaved
3J jl.i
10124
linophylla
H.
K.
narrow-leaved
*
i
|
or
N.S.VV.
-l'?,caUi6
IK1.1. 103.
10J25
prostrta..AT.. procumbent
t-, ii |I or
or it.
my.jl YY V.s. Di.
aw. IStt.
1803. sapBtcm"
1012fi
harp-Iv.)
10127 cinrea
microphjlla U. K. downy
small-leaved
i_J or 3 my.au Y
1. 1803. IP B0t.b.l8
\188S.dentta
SCOTTIA.
Scottia. M |_] or 3 jn.a
N.Sp.Holl
10128
B.Br.. Br. tooth-leaved
1533. retfisa
TEMPLETO'NIA.
. K. Tkmpletonia.
2 mr.jn It N- . 80J. r w.e.W
10129
H.. K.M.
wetlge-leaved
\
10130 glauca
glaucous
* i |I oror 2 ap.m, N. HolL 1818. IP ^
10129
History, Use, Propagation. Cv/ture. thick and fleiliy A"""*""
1529
Surcaphyllum.
From
rei,
fleh,
and
foi*,otherwne
a leaf The
leave,ultareto I,res, "mii,ar
or uiereaie. . pf
ueculent
plant, eaiilyK:-i.
injured by
.lilhi
thi^ <''"'"''".
anover-watering
the name of; butnoi,
Grc.-k not
mu.ical
iii.lruraeiit .imu to ^
ein^,'
''?y
T,,c
I""'
r
(tenu,
are
inflated,
and
rattle,
when
.haken,
"
*
lioo, and
~
niostlv ree.flowercr. ; bt they are .habby plant, under cultual
til? ' *hich ca"
th'cm objects of intereit or beauty.
, 1 the tt+ffgZ
I- 6"!
N"lby,m,m[
Ventenat,
after Tn'
M. Boi-ieu-I^martinire,
"""S
Ig"*
equal
m "' ',''"!,""ly
lnc *beautiful
accord,ng

'"thrive.
bav(1h>*tj*gj
hoIlhP,
peat
-, ifwithnotbroken
very eandv,
somegenu.,
n,u.t
be ûijl
w itmon.
too mot
The not. must loam
be wellanddrained
potihercl!,
afaI
nothing
injure,
them
:. OtMi IV.
[.i.
Eiifc
DMDELPHIA DECANDRu.
The only tpcd
a (i
MM
Leaves lanceolate
limpie lane.blunt
*ubeceile,
Fodetmooth,
Raceme
terminal,
furrowed
bower
lip ofcal.Calyx
S-partod
|
beyond
theStem
middle,
oppoe
Stem
1 Leave*
Leave*
hairy,
R termina],
hairy
as long
a**
corolla
lanceolate,
Raceme
terminal,
Cat
very
vdloui
at
long
as
corolla
MOM
Leave*
limpie
ov.
lanceolate
silky
ciliated,
Standard
large
erect
pointed
WOLea?
umple obi.
lane beneath, retine,
Poda silky,
Raceme
terminal, Stem furrowed
96
Leave* umple
simple
lceme
Leave*
ovatecuneiform
retuse, Stipule* lunate
deiterminal
luute, Raceme term ranchee square
MOB Leaflet* S ovalacute. Hair*shining scattered. Raceme* opposite the leave*
Leaflet*simple
3 ovalobovate
blunt with
scattered
long,length
Keelofcalyx
shorter than vexillum
10100
Leaves
oblong
ilkyemargmate
onhair*,
eachRaceme
side,mucronato.
Fodterminal
.ceded
101
Stem*
round
itriated.
Leaves
oval
Stipules
lunateStem
amplexicaul
M102
Leave*
umple
ha-lanceolate
blunt
hairy,
Fcdunc.
terminal
suUohtary,
branched diffuse
MUB
bluntmurronatc
hairy. Stems
Pedunc.
axillary
Leave*simple
Leaflet* 3 oblongobLblunt
withprostrate
scatteredherl>accous,
hair* beneath,
Raceme terminal,
Calyxec ailky
1* obovate
tmate, cunatesilky.
Leaflets oval-lanc.
acuteterm
twiceBracte
as lungand
as villous
petiole, Foda pendulum
MM6Leave*
Raceme*
calyx
colored
l M108Leave*
1Leave*obL
bluntLeaflets
silky villous,
Stipule
linear subulate
rerioxed,Peduncles
Panic, terminal bractcato
tmate,
cuneiform
emarginate
solitarypendulou*
bflowcred
WHS lve*tcmate
ovate acuminate
smooth,
Stipulessilky
none.beneath,
Raceme torminal,axillary
Poda sulked
10110
Leves
tmale
obcordate
mucronatc,
Wowere
corymbose.
Stem
*hrubby
JOUI
tmate,
nal
Leave*
Ii tmate,
t*r"a tLeaflet* "obovate rvtuae. H
10112
Leave*
| petiole donijr heneath
'*,>*tand'i blunt
"*? '"mina], Poda rtalked" ~~m
***1 Particular,
f niante :
Clam XVIL fall

DIADELPHIA DECANDIUA.
Leninyws*. vpdl hi. . a

l'a*. lolifolia
GOOryiA.
Godia. I33 ap-jl
10131
H. .. Sr. nnooth
ap.jl IY V.DsLlS. S g.p Bot mag. 1319
10132 pubacens . downy
iSp- I- _
Leguminoue.
1535
I/JDIGE-SIA.
.
it.
LMM
my.e Fa.pu c.4i.a i8oa ; p.i Botmag.9

101J3 oxUdiISlU . M. Oxalis-leaved - pr Leguminosa.
Sp.
5.w. 1796. S Lp Bot reg. 3 'beb
tl586. HO-VEA. . . linear-leaved
Hovea
n:s.
53 jn.s
mr.ji Pu
Bot
reg.6
\l_Jor
SS ip
N.
S.
W. 1805.
10134
linearis
H.
.
Pu
8.P
Bot
man.1 "lets;
I
long-leaved
1H05.
10135
longiflia
.
X.
N.
HoIL
ll
Bot.cab.MS0
3
mrjl
Pu
I
I
or
epear-leaved
1817.
10136 lanceolta M. oval-leaved ai i i or 3 mrjl Pu- N. HoIL 1818. l\> Bot reg-)
10137
4 mr.jl N. HoIL
CeU4
10133 ellip'tica
Cel'ei BonpL
2137.15*8. S _BM-rnaf*
.
Lreutninotar. SSp.Europe
*I537.
SPARTIUM.
(.
Bboom.
Y
Europe 1690.
15*8. SS Cop.l Bol. -
10139flcc-pltvo
jnceum rf.
Spanish
or 6 jl-f
jl.s YW S. Europe
doubte.JUnxrcd*
Euro* 1731. S pi fcrtrf
10140
white Binglc-sced.
l_l
oror 111)1 Y
101U monospcrmumlP.
sphmocarpon
singlc-iecd.l!
,_J
1816.
YY Portugal
jn.l
10l*2prcerum
.(. yellow
tall
.
*
11
r
Tencri/fe
... 8.1il . , ,
i [or ap.jl
Madeira
1777.
S pp fe'ji'lffi
10143 congstum W.ei*. .rlosc-branched
Y
inr
jn
long-twigged
*
lI
or
France
1768.
10144
virgtumW.W.
Pa.Y
jn.jl
Barbary
1799.
S Pp S*iftViji

purging
*
.*
101*5
prgans
Y
S.
EuroW
1570.
ap.jn
il
or
1014; umtwlliUum W. umbelLed
YY MonadorelSl. pi J>L*'
Scorpion
* II, oror mr.ap
J11^^
10147
Scrpiue
WroSugal
1-52.
S
^**--*
my.au
eilky
10148 aericcum *. white Portugal or
W Portugal 1752.
17 S p.lp. Cav.tt.lll
Vert "*
10149
my.jn YY Uvant
oror 34 jn.jl
10150 multitirum
angultum W.W. small-flowered
woolly-podded
10151
ptens
W. link. hairy-fruited * or 4 jn jl Y B.lra>e ~ s . **
10152
pilocrpum
cinereous
* i! orft *6 M
10153
my.au YVV
1015* cinreum
nubgenumIK.W. cluster-iiower'd;*
36 ja.jn
-leaved
10155
liniflium
IT.
apjn YY
common
10156
coprium
IK
tarry
10157 raditura W.
fierce
10158
W.
?
prickly
10159 frox
spUisum
Genista. I i ft 2 iA-gWnitWStr.
1538,
GENISTA.
IT.
mv.8 Y
10160 canarineia W. Canary
I I oror 22 ap.jl
Canaries
1815. 8.1ip *.?.
hoary
10161
cndicana
W.
ap-jl
Cor.ca
clammy
10162
W.
3 my.jn
Germany 1770.
1570. L Jf'S^
triangular
10163
trquetra
my.jn
Hungary
1815. CO gf^'
10164
Mujlttli*
W. jointed
23 jn.au
my.jn
three-aided
10165
triangulria
Green-weed
10166 tinctria W.
23 jn.au
Siberian
10167
BbricaW.FT.
oval-leaved
1016
(i jn.au
jn.jl
10169 ovta
ecariea Vivicm acarioae
10131
l/ 10161
1534. CooJi. In memory of Peter Good, an indu.triou. gardener employ
^
ingsecU
in
New
Holland,
where
he
died.
Loddigee, iMohbwI
a 8UCCC88lul CU1UV8U ^
gaecde
in New Holland,
where
he died. to_ Mr. ronrad. t^^M
153.-,.
Loddincitu.
Named
in
compliment
^
<*
1>";,
ea.il,
eu
'
,
;
'.V
'
oli,h
te*"l*i
*"
'"veiled
in
.he
.,._
assiduoue
collector, "",'
and a most worthy
man, whose
urn t_tnnt
trai in EktjM Ml
'7. W.J,
tarn .",
VlrtUM
rootare" *"'.
and wh0
....turahied
i1";
are
,h7m
f,T";r".
cord.uje
1l
e
.
J,
Û''
",d
hld-gla8t
, _
.
"ter,N0.
Sgeneral!
?,"r,'l,',k-<'t
UliVer,
"*',
,*'
"
m'",e
of
,
tub H*
ju, ^ ,>,,'T"f""lt""'rc-d a ' "* ru,h-like twig^ which re MU
very ornamenl
-.V,""
1 ,>, *
the a,.i,i ri
-ViI iel.f
, al"',vuu"8 'branche.
creepingreKettliarn.
lue "
'''S ,;'iH,,,'
.'I'' Oto
del.cou. foodTU.forgo.ll
Arab,, fj* "'"o.
heS, "*rc "K,l">'
*to Tri
I, , Sf?"un.
fr iu *>"<.
wbicll.1
loratying
locg m*
'"""Bid
The
twig,
bundle.
""lam. ""u.e. m oi th , ,J,lm''eeun.
together
Forde/'
Thewith
tw.sthem.
arc u^
t,nl --'"d
,1. .
,]
at end mucronate, Peduncles axillary many-flowered

10139 Branches opposite round flowering at end, Leaves lanceolate
MM Branche
Branche* round
round stri.itcd,
striated, Racemes
Hacemes lateral
lateral many-fl.
few.fl. Flowers
subaggregate,
Leaves
lanceolate
silkyhairy
~
Flowers
Leaves
lane,hairv
sessile a little
mm
Branches round
round striated
striated,very
Fl. solitary
axillary.
Pods
villous, remote,
Leaven lanceolate
1"11j
Branches
close,
Fl.
terminal
10144 Branches
round striated,
K
Branches round
striated, Fl.Fl. axill.
axillarysolitary
solitai:
SB 1
Branches r<,u"d
round striated,
FL term spiny,
capitate,Pedunc,
beavesaxill.
lin. lane. si... .Leavei
lrnii
striated
spreading
i !\**vt*
CorollaTwigs
silky.straight
Branches
erectmany-fl.
round on all
Leaves ,anctmatesi|kyandbeneath,
simple silky,
striated
flowering
rr , re s"llt iry and tenate linear lanceolate hoary, Branches hexangular floweri
m-j Branches
Iff"! teroate
"talked
angular,
lwobovatc, Branches roundstriated,
beneath. lateral
Fl r flowers twin nodding
at the e
uiieral
fascicled,
Pods
smooth
sessilelinear
silky
beneath.
Raceme
terminal.
Brand
10156 leaves
Leavei tenate
ternate linear,
and solitary
oblong,
axillary. Pods
hairy at edge,term. Brtncbes
r""-"*
lOb-7
Petioles
dilatedFl.persistent,
aiigul..
1
Leave, ternate
ternate obovatc,
and simplePeduncles
oblong mucronato.
terminal,
striated
Leaves
axillary, CatBecome
and pods
smooth,Bram-hes
Branches
angularround
spinyspiny
term. Brancha
angnl.
np
01Leave,
(em
obi
downy
beneathwith
spreading
hair.,
Pedunc.
many-fl.
twntosi,
^^
^
161
Leave, temate
tmate oUL
obovatc
downynemes
with closely
pressed
Pedunc.
many-fl.
tenmiial,
Beam
es striated
angular
016*I,e.
smooth,
terminal.
Cel.hairs,
and pods
glandular
viscid.
Branches
rouuu
Lam,
ternate
:
upper
simple.
Branches
triquetrous
procumbent
WS*Branche
hedged mucronate
inrrabranousjointed,
Leaves ovate
lanceolate
M165
Leave, lanceolate
lanceolate
smooth,round
Branches
iJ-cornered
ascending,
i*Leaves
smooth. Branches
striated
erect, Pod*
smoothI oUs
101
Leaves
lanceolate
smooth,
Branches
equal
round
erect
leavessmooth,
oblong ovate
hairy,Cor.
Branches
striatedsmooth
MM Quite
leavesandnotpods
ciliated.
5 lines round
long, Calyx
10144
J^raun, though
^.Places
"w
for iheciLi,,rrwllli4,,i
. ~*c^^'
"ândeconomy,
is sometimes
ai : the
""ans,
LE e i -ln,tel,"4!
cottasei
ricka, anda as litter. Bee.l are
fond of themeddowers
PHaeof
tannine
,
il
'
"S1
ycllo,
are
pickled
in
the
manner
o
caliera
:
the
branches
are
laid
^^^'' ! , of being manufactured into coarse cloth; when tender, they are mixed withI
S
bea
brileiir' ,, cui?a.ai4artteably,
'um'iihM the cabinet-maker
with aonebeautiful
material
forbroom
veneering.
The
J**1
7 cattle
lmbl>i'iire
alkauw. . I.' ,} cy nav<; which
a,BO a perhaje
nauscouamaybe
bitter taste.reason
The why
plantourwhen
burntis generally
allbrds a
;"of
tin.
hjr,
U"X)m
"'I'1
e
diuretic
and
cathartic;
the
aceda
are
aaid
to
be
emetic.
The
"WniMful
vcr>lo"8
to the common
and ofbothdecoction,
Mead andmade
tullenby found
the gl.,!i , omi.v
1 nithe usual
modeknown
of exhibiting
them is inpeople;
the form
boilJ"Jill it ouerj,.,, , r. faking of this decoction, of which two table spoonfula were given every
E11*
ebibitian
evir
i
'
^
"
il
seldom
fade
to
operate
both
by
stool
and
urine,
and
by
rel^'f". 511)
y second day, some dropsiea have been cured. (Thompton't London JJisK^'ru
".mieea,
in
Celtic,
a
small
bush,
whence
also
(Itmct,
French.
The
species
are
ahrul*
Sl fc*,"!1**.* many with numerous llexible rush-like green twigs like the
"'
p,iiun..,,'''I'Cultureand*oil*-free Wh">
llo.ercrs.
tinctoria
is common
|iartaor ofcheese
-,
ill
he V? PES?
eow, ti.feed
it, their
milk, andinfrom
tilemoatbutter
made
S 1itl'iceaj
i4 l
to^Hlrai
lieSdvL
y l,,ltpr
A bright
coloron may
Sowers;
for
iâoerea
lnlli woad,
the yellow
dyers prefer
it to beallprepared
others. A dramthe and
a halfand
of the
a roi|d purgative. A decoction of the plant ia sometimes diuretic, and therefore
Rr 2
Class XVII. L|r

612
S
6ljjn.au
jn.au YY Spain
*
Hungary 1752.
lSla L n.1 Bot cat718
10170 prociimbens
florida W. W. Spaniah
procumbent
V.
10171
France
1770.
Y
1
4o
hot
trailing
England
san-he.
10172 decmbcns W, hairy green-weed*
YY Italy 6. S boCO Eng.
10173
pilsa
IV.W.
S il Jac.ic.Jt
Jac.ic.S.tJ* ;*ssm
3t3 my.jn
myjn
diffuse
*
Austria
18110174
diH'ua
Y
S
CO
Eng.
Dot "
rayon
silky
moi.he.
10175
eerlcea
W.W.
22 jn.au
my jn YY Britain
Petty whin *
Germany
1773.
10176
nglica
Car
ies."1
German
**
10177 germnica W. dwarl'-prickly
Y Spain 17o9. Botrep.4B
22 jn.jl
10178
hispnica
W.W.
ror.my Y- Portugal 1771.
Portugal
*
1823.
10179
lusitnica
4 mr.my Y Sp.i-lZ _
10180 liracteolta Link. bracteolate * I
g p.1 Pluk-M.41-5
Lebeckia. t i i__)or 5 Lcjiuvtinosx1539. contamint*
LEBECK'IA.W. W. narrow-leaved
1787.
ap.my Br CC. G.G. H.
10181
H.
1774.
1 pi Com.hor.iUOI
2
a>
Y
Y\
1
silky
*
C.
G.
H.
1774.
10182
sertcea W. W.
ap YPk C. G. H. 182*.
11 I or 33 jn.jl
Cytius-lcaved
!
10183
cytisodca
10181 eubternta Link. yellow-flowered!
8p. 2. san.he. S Eng-b.;
Fimzc
f Leguminosa.
ap.au Britain
Kr'"
tl540.
U'LEX. W.
Eng. bot 1
dry he.
10185
or 2 au.d Y Britain
1018t europ'us
nnue if. Jf. dwarf
Sp.
24-73.
Leguminosa:D
liKsr-Harrow.
Britain
Europe 1790. D Engl;
1541. antiqurum
ONO'NIS. W.
W. tall
1 jn.jl Pu
i A un
10187
common
un 11$ jn.au
I) Jac.nnn.lt
10188
Bpiruisa W.
my.au FR IUly
itinking
i
Europe
. DD Dill.dtt.Sit*
lOlSyhirclna
jn.au
creeping
1
S.
Europe
l/o
10190
rfpens W. W.
11 j".jl
njl Y1'u Portugal 1732. S
small-flowered O un
10191
un
Portugal 169 SS
10192 Colmnie
mitlseima if. f. cluster-flowered
Pu
I1 jl.au
Fox-tail
O
un
10193
alopecuroldea
YPu Spain
jl.au
variegated
O
un
Europe 1784.
loSO. S Coro.
10194 vanegta K.
1 jn.au Y S.CG.tt
downy
O 1 un
1< S pi
10195
f.
2
jl.s
hanging-poddedtl.
i
un
CG.
R
10196
urnua
W.
Pk
ljjls
two-flowered
iAI
un
Europe 1787.
18. SD
10197
geminta
W.
StPk S.Italy
\ i jn.au
spreading
**
O
un
Veato*t*
10198
reclinU
W.
S
BMl.b.8..1
narrow-leaved a.3t lJ
un
un 2 jn.au
10199
jn.au YPu SESJ'l't
DS 1s.1 Barr, le 1**
10200 cenisiu
vaginitisP. S. sheathed
Euro|
1771.
,
jn.jl
dwarf
un
1 <o9. S Cavac-it1*
10201
Cherlri W.W.
Y S. Europe i
1U jl.au
clammy
O un
10202
viscsa
t.e......j
jl.au YY Sicily
un
mag.
10203
ornithoiMHiioidesJf.
BirdVfbot
S.
Europe
^94
jl
i
I
un
jreasy
i
10204 pnguii
greasy
Europe 1683. S .]p. Bot
YY S.Spain
lllliS W.
,.W.
yellow-shrubby -tt.1i_JI oru" my.a
10205
Ntrix
" is
m
N'
1799.
my.e
pipi Bot
102015 hispnica
Spanish
Cav.icJ.tW,
(S. }8g
Y Spam
oligophyUaW.Tonore few-leaoed
n. t_| or Ii my
1752jnlau YPu
s
pi
tt i I or 2 jn.au
10207
tridentta
W.
three-toothed
- Siuin 1739. S s.1 Bot un '1,!
10208
crispa W. W.
curl.leaved n.HI 1 I un
pr 2 my.jn Pk S. France 1080. il Botmaf"'
1020
10210 fruticoaa
rotundi'lia W. shrubby
round-leaved &sa un 1 myjl Pk SwitecrL la/0.
S Bot!*J*
1542.
ANTHYL'LIS.
W.four-leaved
KidmeVetcm. or
Engbotl
10211
W.
\ my au Y BriUin C1..P. \>t
D !
10212 tetraphflla
Vulnerria
W.
common
or
i
my.au
R
rubra
red.ouxred t "
10175
Use, Pnpngnbon.
<*"
. cinmcn<,ded 1" W '
teal History,
cases.
has proved serviceable in dropsical
cases. AA salt
salt prepared
preparen from
irum the ashes is rec fnnion of bloom. ^
'o'trtnuetra
is theNamed
handsomest
hardy species:
and PF,"JJ*n"
botanist Young"'"
1539.inLebeckia.
by Thunberg
: possiblyit inis evergreen,
honor
of. some
rargo"
p(ti,;1teil,
^-'t L
freely
sand
under
close
cover.
_
.
.
.
.
frnm
a
pointwild
m t111
Ufa
W.
A
word
of
very
obscuro
meaning.
De
Thcis
derives
^'^,
and
J1
Johcmarin. Fr.. is a beautiful evcrKroen shrub, which flowers freely , ^, 1. tllc common pcov (trf
v:i, botanista
,rt of the year.
It aboundsit indeep
someereen
places,shoots
and there
it is *&LL
yellow e?"
,7'eo*in*
,
greatest
have
admired
andmct
'.V" eenhousc
plant;
,. wrnM
Victuresque
shape.
About
Petersburg,
it
forms
one
of
their
valame
|
1
he
first
sa
;
"inter
that bush,
he could
har.llythat
preserve
it alivewasinttla !
B'SS'Wtasy
when he "vresnd1w
are
whollyLinnnjus
destitutelamented
of theiffurze
insomuch
Dillenius
ijantlic,
loTS''^0"00
ith
8"'0<!" wers.
And Gerard
. relate.. ItJ
,?nhicb
h I
,?,11;
nt t'^'f't
branchgardensf
of it growing,
cscept
some plant
few P1"1"
a"^, en feet
s"w"on "' .
", sBlnid,'
Kb
i
*ptJ"
tl,5ir
As
"n
agricultural
the
^''".^
one,
,,Li " ,h,J<l|5
i but excepting
whereSown
it occupies
a breadththe sides
ton '
or
,is the
1"^,
fuel
or
'
BM,;"b"lk'"t
*low.
on
a
mound
>B
sown
I"
ucl or aa green lood, and the fal
rendered dose at bottom and durable.
Oinii IV.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRU.
613
m ,
a-
lOITN ,
jjij1
-jjji
j!
jt? a1 1I"'
.ni
arted ^mixiund pi ...i R branc,,es Unarmed. Lmvm ^' IlrnnphM erect round
., filiform
' smooth.
CmB"10"'
Sunder .,,,,
rMUi,
ntee
linear
10131
Leave*limpie linear
Flowers
umbclled
10182 Leaves tmate silky, Leaves linear, Flowers racemose
^B5
Leaves simple
ternatebnate
villous,or Raceme
long terminal
i'J'i)t Leaves
ternate sessile
lanceolate acute rough
W185Teeth
ofcal
conniving.
Brades
ovate
loose
86Teeth ofcal distant, Bracte minute apprcssed
I,
i hrDs, V'
; ;j>
187 El. solitary larger than leaflet, Lower leaves ternate lanceolate toothed at end, Branches spiny smooth
IS188 f'r"1- twiTl.
twm BXiNTileaves
Lower leave*ellipL
ternate lane, pubescent.
serrate. Branchesunarmed
spiny villous
10189
villousspiny
viscidvillous
10190
solitaryLower
axilL I/>wcrternate
leaves ternateeerrate
roundish serrate, Stem
Branches ascending
10191
Fl.
Hibsoisi
lateral,
Leaves
ternate
obL
pubese
Stipules
lane,
toothletted,
Cal. scarious longer than cor.
JpIK
Ft
sessile
spiked,
Bracte
stipular
ovate
ventricose
ecarioue
imbricated
bil1'. H -^ lateral spiked. Leaves simple ovate blunt. Stipules dilated, CaL larger than sm~-,>
JMM PhIuiic.
FL somewhat stalked
axill. Lvn.Upper
simple obov.simple,
striatedserrated.
St
101!fi
ovateStipulesovatetoothed,
lane, entire
- . 101%
unarmed
straight, very
leavesshort,
cuneiform.leaves
Pods noddingStipules
linear recurved
32 -cava tenate obovate, Pedunc. lateral 2-flowered
i?\a unarmed 1-fl.
1-fl. Leaves
Leaves tcmatecunate.
ternate roundish Stipules
crenate, serrate,
Pods cemuous
101?.
Petlunc. 1-.
unarmed
Stems pi
Prima
awncd. Leaves
sessile ternate. Stipules
sheathingtoothed
1-fl- awncd.
Leaves
tern,
cunate
toothed
at
end
viscid,
largerternate
than corolla
if ir IJttiun&
W"cd length of leaves. Leaves simple oblongvillous
serrated
viscidCal.: lower
Hjfl 1'edune. 2-, awned shorter than petiole, Leaves tem. oblong, Pods linear cemuous
bflawned longer
than leaf.
Awns
Leaves
tematcatend
lane serrated at
i^nc Pedune.
u?*
lunt awned
1-fl- awncd
thau
leaf,
Leaveslength
ternateofcor.
viscid
obi. toothed
6
aboutlong1
1-. Leaves
all ternate
channelled
recurved
wholly
5kmbby' Leaves ter".
Pedunc.w-2-flowered
shrubby,
tern, linear
roundishfleshy
wavy3-toothed,
toothed *ta<M
anmoby, Leaves asastb
U01<*
11
10190
arance
of it*
as a herbauo
XVIL m
614
D il lot. cab-aiS
&Barbary
Europe 1759.
Pu
mountain
3 OI
A, oror ii jn.jl
. S p.1pi rjMf.aaMr.LU
10213 montana
IP.
jl.au
W
Ca,.ic.l.t33.l>
wing-leaved
1021*
-crtcca
W.
Spain
1759.
I
l.au
W
homy
O or Jini' Y .gain 1759. S On..IL
10215 corniclna W.
Ger.rTOT.U8
Lotus-like
or
3
Provence
1806.
10216
Moides
If.
Gerard's Bearda. \ ! oror 3i jn.au
ml
p.lpl BoLmag.l9i
S.Canda
Europe 1640.
10217
W. W. Jupiter's
mr.my W
Pa.Y
Bot. mag- lue >-t,L
10218 Gerrdi
Barba-jvis
1737.
II
jn.jl
Pk
Cretan
.
L_J
or
pl
1-5.
S.
Europe
1768.
fil0219
crtica
'.
Barr.ic.118S
10220 heterophilla If. various-leaved
31-
ap.jn
VV Spain
t. 6
downy-leaved -. 1i
II oror 12 i"
10221
cytisoiles
If. W.
Levant 1739. plpl AlpcM.
lStall.llJ*
10222
Hemuiiiiiif
Lavender-ivd,
bavenmrr-i
"
*^
Hermimia?
If.
1
jn.jl
W
1U22 tragacanthoidesP.a.Goat's thom-hkee.
s.p BoL mag. eo !
Spain
'
1759.
1
ap.my
Pu
erincea
__;~~^ If.
IV
nricklV
Bprickly
10224
LfgvmmosiC S.Sp.Amer. 1712. 0 s.1 Trew.pln'.S11
Earth-Nut Oclt 2 myjn
1543. hypoga"'a
A'RACHIS.
Y
10225
W. W. American
Sp.Amer.
1416.1658. D pl BoLmsg W
Jj-fruminoxe.
Lupine.
tl544.
LUPI'NUS.
W.
D p.1 Bot. mag2
my.jl
" Ni
NootkaSo.I7!H.
10296 pernnis
PA. PA. emootl]-percnn.3t
Pu
SS
hairy-perennial
'S O ag 63 jn.au
levant
1590.
10227
nootkatcnsis
jl.au
white
Egypt
M
1022H.uus If.
jn.jl H.w S. Europe ? g B-.-b.Il*
oror 33 jl.au
Egyptian
10229
Thrmis
W.
small-blue
S. Europe 18
102.30
vrius
if.If.
oror 2 jl.au
great-blue
Chdi
Ml. SS Bot-mag-*"
10231
hinaus
BOL reg. *><
102.32 microcrpus . M. small-fruited - or 2 ap
Me*ico
f
S. Europe 181.
L 1- 1 Z Knor.dcl2.LU
1U233
mexiinus
Lag. Mexican
or 32 jLau
rose
10234
pil&us
W.
Spam
jl.au
S
R1"!*"','"'
10235 angustflius If. narrow-leaved
or 22 jl.au
S s.1 .mag.
Flax-leaveil
10236
liniflius
IK.
Sicily"
jl.au
Carolina
lito.
1733.
yellow
10237
liteua W.If.
i jl.au
11 s.1 BoLnug-1
villous
1U38
_| 6 jLau
10239 vdlsus
arbrcus H 1 tree
LeguminoSiS.
S s.p Bolreg.
5p.
&
1545. AMOR'PHA. If. ni%Indujo.
Carolina 1724.
66 jnll
s.p
shrubby
17*. e.p
10240 ruticsa
",
jn.jl Pu
Pu Carolina
emarginate-lvd.tit*
Missouri
1811.
emargiruita
Bot. cat.
S3
23 jl.au
Pu
Carolina loi. si
dwarf
* -.
10241
microphlla
PA.
jn.jl
s.p
pubescent
Missouri
1812.
10242
pub*ccns
PA.
3
jl.au
43 canstens PA. canescent fit .
Missouri 1811. ^ Il DenibriL
10244
nna Satt. Wats, yellow-haired
VJW1"] , . .
5Ii jl.au
jl.au Pu N. Amer. 181- S s.p .1
10245 crreo-lanta
Leguminosa.
1546. precatrius
A'BRUS. If.If. Jamaica
WilikLiuuorice.
VVÎndies 1S80.
mr.ray
10246
IL II 12 Leguminosa.
Sp. 20M.1.
1.547.
PHASEOLUS.
JV.
Kidney-Bea*.
1
jn.s
W
10247
vulgaris
If. W. common
_ OO cucu IS jLs S S.India
Amer.?l|>>*.
10248
mulliflriis
scarlet
E.
Indies 1('- sS S ..
G Africa
10259 luntus If.
ecymetar-podded_ K2 cul 12fi jn.jl
17!*.
"*it
RwV.io
jl.au
varioue-calored
_
10250
inain'nus
W.
F.
Indies
11*
Pk
S
jl.au
mealy
un
W.
Indies
1732.
- saisss
10251
farinsus
If.
G
sweet-scented _ E2 cul 33 jl.au
10252
vexilltus
If.
Carolina
1732.
pale red
cul jl.au .
10253 hlvoHis If.
10219
. Use, I'nrpagalim, Culture,

BirdToot-^
plant by some agricultural writers,
A. Young and(Astragalus
" by oth^?5a
to bicli,
a c'" ut
- the
->asLinnieus
Llquorice-vetch
1| , ared
comiculata,
and
major],
and
with
Liquorice-*
observes,
that
m
Oeland,
wnere
t.
UicBo1
ittilelicars
considerable
resemblance.
Linmeus
ob
t
in
Gothland,
where
the
sou
u
whiteflowers
: oursofareAnthvlbs
yellow. vulneraria are red ; but tha
._ .
na)e yellow flow"- )
. Barba
Joris
is a the
silvery
looking bush,
white
f4
rf*'to root
pods.
Like
most
leguminosa-,
tins awith
genus
seedsinand
freely
-, but'"ftfi
maredinot ,tlicuU
. liss
eHectod by " youngof cuttings
planted under
tiell-glass
sand, which
f*^
m,
must
be
kept
wiped,
or
the
dew
is
apt
to
make
them
mouldy,
which
destroy"
^
h
,iaJ
ncitm'
Jûni,s
, 154.1 ^rcA<s. Ancos, or Araculna, is a name applied by Pliny to
. h is irnc unne.b
leaves, but aU root Tho mod5 hav0 applied it to a plant, the ftuit oi clreumstance 1 .
^."Vegac
m,cinahypozita
l,ypos,m
y,,
ground),
is in where
altawn
to ripBJ"rA
tte
11" 'is"i!
{Wsthemselves
y, below into
grounoi,
.-they
" tJ.hoir
s they increase
size, forcing(.
illto
the
earth,
the earth,
mq-~ ami
L America,
partswhere
of used
North
Pbant is generally cultivated In the
vwanner
lina
the
seedTare
as
chocolate,
theMeastern
,
ahimml;1""'.'^'
AIMra.
Ill
South
Cnrolil
for lamps,
and
Pari Uhm""K1
,"ill. "' Cochin-China
they furnish, anillto
oil the
usedo|>en
._as i t r lK,'proved
,M ^ wind
oihr
hotl1 and
uL v, ?"\ h"
beentransplantffl
brought to maturity
in agarden,
stove inwhere
England, ami P very^P ^ fertW
Said* to be derived from /pu, t wolf, because this plant devours, as i
Obdm IV.
DIADELPHIA
lili
lip SS--^
SIS sbrrtb, flZ
IS5Cal
He C|
('.,!.
1W
101
Cal
Ca|
Lea
Ifea
Cal
l'fH'.il
lltS Cal'
*
ci
""lCaL
fffi^ 'S"-"-'"
te ""equal,
uiieoual. Calyxe. ,,,, iater>|
.
>- without .mj
le 2-aeeded
,!
1 Smitlfl Ti; '''.tc' Cal>', ""arv
than cal. epreading, pendulous

tfewed, rod,, ^ndulous
g jnete WbSKT aCal' S "' colored
wd cylindrical
" e!"nd1 ry largo, U.SSStold Obta,
I
'est Indies s ilarly to lho,e 0four liquorice

es, whence the
y ra , "m" '" P
- -
616
10254 semierctus W.
10255 altus W.
10256 Caraclla W.
10257 aconitifolius W.
10258 trilobus W.
10259 stipulris W.
10260 nnus W.
10261 raditus W
10962 Max Jy.
10263 Mngo W.
_+ [C] pr2 jl
winged
-: Clun 3.jl
Snail-flower
r; [Z\] cul 1* aus
Aconite-leaved [C] cu 2 jn.au
three-lobed
[O]un 2 jl.au
large-stipuled
O un 2 jl.au
common dwarf
O un 1 jn.s
rayed
O un 1 jn.jl
hairy-podded
O cul 14.jn.jl
small-fruited
O cul 14 jn.jl
dark red
10264 diversifolius P. S.
trilobus Ph.
various-leaved
10265 lathyroides W.
Lathyrus-like
10266 subtrilobus Link,
three-lobed
O un Iljnji
[O] or
[O]un
2 jLau
11.jl.au
Pu
G
Pk
G
Y.Br.
Class XVII.
W. Indies 1732.
Carolina 1732.
India
1690.
E. Indies 1731.
E. Indies 1777.
Peru
1805.
India
Pu
G
Y
China
India
India
...
S.
C.
S.
S.
S.
co
s.1
r.m.
s.l.
s.1
S. s.l.
S. s.l
1702. S. s.l.
1758. S. s.l.
1790.
Bot. reg. 743

DiLel.t.235.f303
Bot. rep. 341
Jac.obs. 3. t. 52
Bur-ind t-50. 1
Dil.elt.235.f304
Rum.am.5. t. 140
S. s.l
Pu
N. Amer. 1806. S. s.l
Sc
Y
Jamaica
1786. S. s.l
Brazil
1824.
Slo.ja.1. t.116.f. I
co
1548. TERAM/NUS. Browne. TeRAMNUs.

10267 volbilis Swz.
hook-podded 3-D or 10
...
Jamaica 1824. C. r.m
*1549. CARPOPO'GON. Ror. CARPopogoN.
Leguminosae. Sp. 2.
10268 giganteus Ror.
gigantic
* D or 20 ... Pu E Indies 1815. C lip Rhee, mal. 8.36
-
10269 imbrictus Ror.
#ID or 10
imbricated
$10372 luteolus Ph.

-
Chinese
ellow
3ird's-foot
10273 unguicultus W.
10274 tranquebricus W. Tranquebar
10275 gladitus W.
sabre-podded
10279 pilsus W.
hairy-podded
10280 minimus W.
small
10281 tetrasprmus W.
four-seeded
10282 scarabaeoides W.
10283 reticultus W.
10284 bulbsus W.
silver-leaved
net-leaved
bulbous
10285 purptireus W.
10286 lignsus W.
10287 luteus W.
Egypt
1694. S. s.l. Bot mag.895
Pu
Y
Y
India
1776. S. s.l.
Bot. mag. 2232
America 1805. S. s.l.
Jac. hort. t. 90
R. [C] pre au
L J or 10 jn
[O]um 3 au
[Clun 13.jl.au
4 jl
, 10254
Pu
Pa
China
1802. C. s.1
E. Indies 1790. S. s.l
Kaempf ic. t. 41
Jamaica 1776. S s.l.
Jac.obs. 1. t. 2
W. Indies 1781. S. s.l
Pu
Pu
E. Indies 1790. S. s.l. Bot reg. 8:0

E. Indies 1776. S. p. Bot mag. 380
8 jlau
Jamaica
1812.
S. s.l
Pu
Pk
Pa.,
Pa.Y
Pk
E. Indies
E. Indies
E. Indies
E. Indies
Jamaica
1778.
1790.
1793.
1776.
1812.
S.
S.
S
S.
S.
scymetar-podded" [iun 3 jl.au

Soy
ICicul 3 ji.au
small-fruited
[icul 3 jLau
two-flowered
[jun 3 jLau
10292 rseus W.
Rose-colored to [E] pr:3 jLau
*1551. STIZOLOBIUM. P.S. Cow-AGE, or Cow-ITCH. Le
10293 altssimum P. S.
tall
# D or 50 . ... "
Common
E. Indies 1816. S. s.l
Pa.pk W. Indies 1781. S. s.l. Jac.vind. 1. t. 67
Pu
$10288 ensifrmis W.
10295 prriens P. S.
12 aus
12 jLau
$10289 Sja W.
10290 Catiang W.
10291 biflrus W.
broad-podded
Pk
W. Indies 1780. S. s.l. Jac. vind. 1. t. 23

E. Indies 1801. S. s.l Jac. vind. 3. t. 70
E. Indies 1790. S. s.l Jac.ic. 3. t. 560
[jun 3" my...au Pa.Y. E. Indies 1816. S s.l

[ljun 2 jnji
Pa
E. Indies 1773. S. s.l. Plu.alm.t-53.f3
U-jun 3 jn.jl
Pa N. S. W. 1781. C. s.l
UZ\] un
purple
* [X] or
woody
or
yellow-flowered: Dun
10294 (rens P. S.
Sp. 23-76.
Pu
O pro jl.au
O un 4 jl.au
ICl un 3 jn.jl
R Clun 3 jnji
hirsute
E. Indies 1815. C lip
[O]un 8 jnji
$10276 tetragonlobus W. square-podded T. [Giun 4 sin

10277 sesquipedalis W. long-podded
R DOli un 6 au
102.78 hirsutus W.
Pu
#":
*1550. DOLICHOS. W. Dolichos.

$10270 Lblab W.
black-seeded
10271 sinnsis W.
...
a D cu 12 jn.jl
* D cu 12
...
ae.
Sp. 38.
s.l.
s.l.
s!
s.1
s.l
Rum.am.5.t-132
Jac.ic. 3. t. 559
Jac. ic.1: t: 145
Rhee,mal.8 til
Plu.alm.t.213.f4
-
Pu
Martinico 1779. C 1.p Jalam.t-182 f$5
Y
Pu
W. Indies 1691. C 1.p Plum. ame. t. 107

India
1680. C 1.p Jac. amer. t. 122
10207
10265

-
is produced by the twining species. Neither sorts can be safely planted in the open air before the end of
April, or first week of May, and the leaves are blackened by the first frosts of autumn. But in a stove or pit,
green pods of the dwarf kinds may be gathered all the winter, and with this advantage over forced produc.
tions of the fruit kind required to be ripened, that the pods are as good from plants in the stove in midwinter,
as from those in the open garden in midsummer. The garden culture of both species is so easy and univer.
sally known, that we shall not occupy ourselves with details. Though in this country the
n pods only are
used, on the continent the ripened seeds are as much the object of culture. In Holland, the twiner is grown
in every cottage garden for both purposes; and in France and Switzerland, it is grown chiefly for the ripened
seeds: in the latter countries it grows on very poor dry soil. On the first blackening of the leaves with frost,
the plants are pulled up, dried like tobacco leaves under the dripping eaves of the houses; and in winter
threshed out for the seeds, to be boiled and eaten with cream or butter, stewed in haricots, or put in soups.
According to the analysis of Einhoff, 3840 parts of kidney bean afforded 1805 parts of matter analogous to
starch, 87 of vegeto-animal matter, and 799 parts of mucillage: from which is to be inferred, that it is the
most nourishing of all the legumes.
The perennial stove species thrive best in a light rich soil, and may be propagated readily from cuttings or
from seed.
...P. red
caracalla,
snail-flower,
is a so
very
curious
species,
and willwho
growfirst
andbrought
flower it
freely,
from the
spiders.or This
species was
named
by the
Portuguese,
from
South
clear
America, in consequence of its hooded flower. Caracaifa (from the Celtic words car, a h and cal, a
Sovering)
was the Antoninus,
name of a who
hooded
much worn
by the
the dress."
Gauls, and
** is:
ickname
Marcus Aurelius
wasdress
accustomed
to ''
C
e to
to the Emperor
gave his nick
-
"--T--
ORDER IV.
- -
-:
617
10254 Flowers spiked, Cal. without bractes, Wings expanded larger, Leaflets ovate
10255 Flowers loosely spiked, Wings the length of vexillum

10256 Vexillum and keel spirally twisted together
10257 Stem hairy, Lateral leaflets 3-lobed: terminal 5-parted, Segm, lanceol. Peduncles 3-fl. shorter than petiole
10258 Stem smooth, Lateral leafl. 2-lobed, terminal 3-lobed: segments ovate, Pedunc. 3-fl. longer than petiole
10259 Stem smooth, Leafl. blunt: lateral sinuose; terminal hastate 3-lobed, Peduncles longer than leaf spiked
10260 Stem smooth, Bractes larger than calyx, Pods pendulous compressed rugose
10261 Stem round, Flowers capitate, Pods cylindrical horizontal
10262 Stem angular hispid, Pods pendulous hairy
10263 Stem flexuose round hairy, Pods capitate hairy
10264 Downy, Lower leaves rhomboid oval: upper 3-lobed, Heads on long stalks, Pods round subulate
10265 Leaflets oblong acuminate, Peduncles elongated, Pods round subulate

10266 Leaflets about 3-lobed, Lobes acuminate, Racemes axillary
10267 Leaflets ovate-lanceolate downy
10268 Leaflets ternate smooth, Flowers in heads, Calyxes hairy campanulate

10269 Flowers imbricated
10270 Pods ovate acinaciform, Seeds ovate with a hilum curved towards one end
10271 Pods pendulous cylindrical torulose, Peduncles erect many-flowered
10272 Pods capitate many cylindrical, Seeds rounded
10.273 Pods capitate subcylindrical with a recurved concave end
10274 Pods capitate few cylindrical with a mucronate straight point
10275 Pods racemose ensiform with 3 keels at back straight at point, Seeds with an arillus
10276 Pods membranous quadrangular
10:77 Pods subcylindrical smooth very long
10278 Pods racemose compressed hairy, Outer leaflets 2-lobed
10279 Pods subracemose linear hairy, Leaflets ovate-lanceolate downy
10280 Pods racemose compressed 4-seeded, Leaflets rhomboid
10281 Pods racemose acinaciform 4-seeded, Leaflets rhomboid smooth
10282 Leaves ovate downy, Flowers solitary, Seeds 2-horned
10283 Leaves ovate acute rugose netted villous, Racemes few-flowered
10284 Leaves smooth toothed with many angles
10285 Stem smooth, Petioles downy, Wings of corolla spreading
10286 Peduncles capitate, Pods straight linear
10287 Flowers somewhat spiked, Pods subcylindrical smooth, Leaves roundish rhomboid blunt entire smooth
10288 Pods acimaciform with 3 keels
10289 Racemes axillary erect, Pods pendulous hispid about 2-seeded

10290 Pods twin linear nearly erect
10291 Stem smooth, Peduncles 2-flowered, Outer leaflets somewhat angular
10292 Stem creeping, Leaflets roundish shining, Fl. racemose, Pods with 3 keels at back
10293 Pods racemose hairy equal, Seeds surrounded by the hilum, Leaves smooth on each side
10294 Pods racemose with transverse lamellae hairy, Seeds surrounded by the hilum
10295 Pods racemose: valves keeled hairy, Peduncles in threes

in allusion to its
1548. Teramnus. So called by Browne,
legume, rseapoorns being
used particularly to express the tenderness of eatable pulse; arteauvos was a weed hostile to leguminous plants.
1549. Carpopogon. From xaceros, fruit, and rayan, a beard; the pods being bearded. Rapid growing climbers
of the easiest culture.
1550. Dolichos. A name under which Dioscorides describes a plant supposed to have been the kidney bean
of the moderns. The species are climbers, some of them to the height of the highest trees. The pods of
most of them are eatable, but far inferior to the kidney bean. Some of them have tuberous roots which may
be eaten. The seeds of D. Soja (Sooja, Jap.), which are usually called Miso in Japan, are put into soups, and
are the most common dish there, insomuch that the Japonese frequently eat them three times a day. The
Soja of the Japonese, which is preferred to the Kitjap of the Chinese, is prepared from these seeds, and is
used in almost all their dishes instead of common salt.
The Chinese also have a favorite dish made of these
seeds, called Teu hu or Tau hu, which looks like curd, and though insipid in itself, yet with proper seasoning
is agreeable and wholesome. (Thunb. and Loureiro.)
The perennial kinds are easily increased by cuttings, and all the species seed freely. D. purpureus and
lignosus have the handsomest flowers, but none of them can be considered of much beauty.
1551. Stizolobium. From s-wav, to prick, and x2.80s, a pod. S. urens and pruriens produce on the outside of
their pods the irritating substance used in medicine as a vermifuge, under the name of Cowhage. The
ies are twining shrubs of the West Indies, with long bunches of yellow scentless flowers. The seeds of
urens are often seen in cabinets of curiosities: many qualities are attributed to them by the superstitious
Creoles. The French settlers call them Yeur bourrique, asses eyes. S. pruriens is considered a powerful diuretic.
Class XVII. bit

DiADELPHIA DECANDKIA.
61
Sp. 19-55.1805. S ai Sch.bMn.J2xi
Glycine. A O un I Leguviinosie.
1552. GLY'CINE. L. earmeiitose
Carolina
jn.au Pa
$10296 sarmentosa W. palc-flowcred
N. Amer. 1781.
FY CG.
4 jn.au
s
-
cu
510997
monoica
W.
H. 1795.
iDB
I un
177a 8 .1
10298 anguetiflin W- narrow-leaved
Pa E.N. Indies
hairy
un eH jn.jl
Amer.
1812.
1024
dbil
/
jl-s
tufted
-*
1
N.
Amer.
I7 pjpJ DULAtta .astee,
(10900
comosa
Y
11
jn.e
5 -Al
"
1806.
10301
tomentosa FA.
Ph. downy
2 jl.au YY.R Carolina
Kidney-leaved
t*
.1
E.
Indies
1816.
10302
renifrmi
'nu
sweet-scented
CD
oror 36 jl.e
Jamaica
1779.
103(0
suavolens
W.
Y
jl.e
p.l Bot*
nct-leaved
$_
W
Indies
1742.
10304 reticulata IK
Y
Bot
reg.
2
S.O
trailing
tCD
t*
.
G.
H.
1774.
}10305
carib'ii
4 ap.8 Y E. Indies 1812. .1

610306 bituminosa IK. clammy
'Hi
i_t t_J
D3 un 34 jlmy.a a Pa
pi
10307 parvilira
P. en.
S. email-flowered
arrow-leaved i.i_
un
1111 6 my.au Y... Havannahl8l3510308
eagittta
W.
E. Indie* 1815. B0tr.7
rhomb-leaved
10309 rhombit'lia W. St Vincent's i_ or 2 my.au StVincen.1822.
p.l
Bot
mag.*
1^110310 phaseoloides
Vincentna Sw Kidn.-bean-liket_ un 2 jn.jl Br Jamaica
10311
8.p Bot "J
Pk China
Chinese
* r 156 my.jn
N.
Amer.
10312
ainniii
jB.
Af.
ame
tuberoui-rooted. or 10 jn.e Pu N. Amer. 16441.
1724.
10313
A'pios C Fh shrubby
$10314 frutscens
Sp. 6. 1788.
9 S.P Bot. M
Leguminous.
t*153.
KENNE'DIA.
Vent.
Krnneoia.
iTaw.
10
mr.au
Br
10315 mbicnda
V.
dingy-flowered
%_|_ t_J
oror 10 my.au S N. Holl. 1803. sp Bot
8103lfi
coccnea
V.
many-flowered
i_J
N.S.W.
1790.
S N.Holl. 1803. S .p
10317 proBtrta H. K. ingie-flowered b. i_J or 124 mr.jn

Botnia!.^'
Pu N.S.W. 1790. s.p
10318 nmmhflli
Comptoniana_. R. eimple-leavcd
Complon'e 1.1
oror 10 mr.jn
mr.jn
Lp
limto
%_
i
I
N.HolL
1818.
10319
monophj.-
6
my.au
Pu
ovate
J_ L_l or IgumiaoStE.
10320 ovU . M.
VLISTA. t. or ap.my Y 5;. im S .1f.\ *%
1554. villAsa
CYLISTA.
*-1"
Mauritius
...
10321
H. K. W Cape
W
white-flowered
j_%_ \_]
oror 64 -my
E. indies laoe.
10322
albiflora
.
M.
...
Y
Coromandel
10323 ecarisa W,
Sp. 15. 17 Ip BAreg-
I555.
OALACTIA.
Glactia. S_ LJ pr 6 Leguminosa;.
jl.au R Jamaica
10324 pndula
Pers. pendulous
Leguminosa.
Bot1]
tl556.
CLITO'HIA. Clitohia. t. LJ or 4 jl.au E.*-8-16Indies 39- s s.p
",
10325
Indies 1812- 1 s.p.p "
BrcyaeA1-"
lPu E.Brazil
14 jl.au
1032 Terntea
heterophyllaW. Lam. wing-leaved
vanous-lcaved
[Qj
or
Jig- s.p Psr.lo 1
jl.au
Brazilian
-*
tQj
or
10327 brasilina W.
n**l,,n
America
liSsmall-flowered
ES or 63 jLau
N. Amer. ;9- 8.
10328
virginina
Maryland JL1
1-rinidad
10320
marina
//. . tree
LI *
8 au
au.e
*Por
11)330
arborscens
W.
India 180*.
6
s.n
S
Plumier*!
%_
J
r
10331
Plumiri
Pen.
Mexico
182*
3
8.D
Mexican
t.Elor
10332 mexicana Link.
R .1 .*-1
LcguminoS'T.
-Vetch.
t*1557.
CKOBUS.
Silwna
17
Il to LB
upright
Siberia
i
10333
lathyrodee
W
U#jn.jl
bY
r > 4,
yellow
Tauria
lw
10334 lteue
i1 mr.ap
my Pu
Europe
le S i Bot. nf?.1,
10335
digittus . digitate
Pu
Britain
heaths
spring
J0336
vemufi
11 my
my.jn Pu Tauria ituberoiu
10337
tubersus
10338
pallcscens
/too. pilid
W*J
lmyjn W
W.B France
hoary
10339
canscens
.
7
1lmy.jn
my-jn Y.R
Austria
white-flowered
Italy
Tffl.
10340
Caucasus
18W10341 CttHn
viril Schneen. particolored
S S ***
1*
my.jn
w
milk-white
Thrace
10342
lactam
1
my.jn
hairy
10343 hirstus L.
10305
10208
"'10313
,. like Arachi. h^
History, Vie, PropagoUob.G'H*''perfect,
. aU*
1I5B.
G/yniK-.
From I^thvru
sweetA subtcrraueus.
G..monoica
monoica pemen
eSr^M^JîiS^*''*1'^
Trifolium
and
1'bey
are
of
W
nardy
ci,mWni H,ni|.
following allies. G. frutescens, and especially G. sinensis, are most oeau
k,n.R.l?i<l4lous branches of blue flowers, like the Laburnum.^ ^ piobrity in the vicinity oi
Nftined after Mr. Kennedy, a i
ofo"'
i-atoryVrOm
climbers
f
I;,ofathe
miik
' the plant is milky in all its far
parts.abell-shiss.
..'
l.W
Galaclia.
From
j-,
FromH'),
r increased
,
0,
wb.cn
cu
turo
in
the
.oil
indicated,
and
by
cuttings
in
sand
una
mblancefrom
to """
J. ' j M
,
A name derived
from an anatomical
term, a toreseiburol*
lcr""j 'itcasofconti111"
hlncl, -"J?
Ternatea
first
ibi
ln 11,0 owr.
"OWCTlirat brought
urougm
u. ^^r alllation,
v-hleli induced
Toumefort
to adoptwasTernatea
as a generic
api*,
s as a specific one.
U Onu IV.
614
-
filiform abot n t,
~*
Leave
I. .utero
81
pinnated. Leaflets a t
... buiargmate
Jens* - Rarere,
IOS*
, .dtdou.
aves ouin*
"'"'te
IWffi*111
lanceolate
S fe'"
Ci iS S 'ar? "mpanul.te
>' 1332
in . Sute I "1 ""ieronate UncoirtSâSrSf*
it &.-!.-
4
^S S"^ I 'hat
Ah
5>Wm "ill |S tbi'*'*-)
ay,
nourishing
n.Kj
thea food
handsome.!
TUto rattle
SS?.. *-
a,0red Md tri<i^ "and in tr , ?"e' "bin
Class XVII.
620
Gmel.ib.4LS
1761
R
il
my.jn Pu
W Siberia
10544 angustifliua IV. narrow-leaved oror 31 Jnjl
Europe 1699.
UM RR piP-l Bot
10345
niger IV. W. black
Si or 2 mv 'Il PU Spain
PI. aim.maj.tia
Pyrenean
10346
pyrenicus
bot 51
Hritain m.wo. R pl Eng.
Cr
or S2 iny.jl
10347
sylvticus
IV.
wood
Plrar.hii.2.lllS
10348 ochrolecus IV. K. sulphur-colored3t or myjl Pa.Y Hungary 1816 R P.'
S. 30-J7.san.fi. S Eng. bol 1161
IsguminttStr.
La Yetchling
ruvail _i or 3 jn.jl
115.58. Aphca
LA THYRUS.
V England bus.pL
10349
W. IV. ycil.
Eng.bsllK
S Mobisitiitl
O orcu 21, jn.jl
my (r England
crimson
10350
Nissnlia
IV.
Levant
1680.
Earthim.Me.1
Pea ~ii or 2 jn.jl *P
10351
amphicrpos
IV. tl.it
enuctS
Europe 1640.
IS3. SSS tier.
S.S. Europe
10.152
Ccera
.
Bot. mag. 115t*'
31 jnjl.aujl LB
ChicklingVctchTT OO "i
10353 satlvua IV.
Jarvimll
Levant
1739.
S
Pu
un
amall-flowercd
10354
inconspcuus
If.
SItaly
Euro]* 18(10
1739. SS Bau.h.s.p.3w
J\ oror 21 jnjl
10355 setifi.liua
IV.P S. brittle-leaved
jn.jl
scarlet
10356
cocclneus
ic. 1.
S.
Europe
SS Decsnd.
Cr
or
round-aeeded
_t
10357
apruericue
IV.
Buxenill.
1
Wj
1683.
jn.jl R a Europe )1.
angular-seeded
T oror 22 jn.jl
10358
angiilatus
II'.
IRI5.
S
IM
bastard
10359
aprius
W. en. one-flowered ~X or 2 my.jl Pi Russia 1731. S
10160
monnthos
Bot.
msg
5 Europe 1640.
4 jl.au F.w
10361
Hol mag.
mag. IS*
l>
170". SS r.m Bot
Wru Sicil
10362 articultus
odortus IV.W. joint-podded
Sweet I'ea J[XI oror(I 44 jn.jl
6S. Europe
1814.
R
jn.au
10363
grandiflrus
7.
-V.
perennial
Europe 1680.
1621. SS Btm*,1l1!',I
Y1) 1' Barbary
two
flowered Tft oror 44 jn.au
10364
nnuue
II". 1.
10365
tingitnus
Tangier
Levant
1713. SS Pliialmtllil6
44 jn.au
jnI jl l'ii
vanous-flower.
T
or
10366
Clymcnum
IF.
Eng. but 1235
England bor.fi.
10367 magellnirus
hirstus IV. IV. rough-podded T oror 6 jn.jl Vu
CapeHornl744.
SR Bot mag 111
Y
1036S
LdAnson'Poej
Holland
1506
R
10S69
tubersus
1 cul 2 jLau
AILped.1.36-2
jLau RPu Tauria.. 18-JO.
1O70
t&midlu L.IV. Bitb. tuberous
tumid
1823. SSR EngboLfiTO
10371
niund.leaved J_ oror 51lijl.au
Britain
me.pa.
10lj7- rotundiflius
pratensis If'.
jn.au
Y
or
meadow
_J\
&g.b*
Britain
moi.w.
l'u
10373 sylvatria W. Wood Ivd.
Everlasting
Pea ' oror 36 jl.a
Eng- * "
England
woods.
RRR Bao.b.i.p.SM
Everlasting
lit
jl.s
10374
Utifoliua
IV.
broadEurope
1731
various-leaved oror 44 jljl sau F Britain moi.w. R Bux.cent4t*
10375
heterophyllus
IV. marsh
Eng. * I*
10376
palustris
IV.
llussia 1759.
IW RR CO LabtL*e.t*
oror 23 jl.au
10377 incrvua Ifcurve-iiodded
Siberia
jnjl W.
10378 pisiformis W
Siberian
Sp. 1.
- .
1559. pallida
O'CHIUJS.
. yellow-flowered
.
5
jn.jl Y S. Europe 1633. S il Sch.binS.tM
1U379
P.
S.
S
or
Ocaruj W.
3. ...
1.560. sativum
PI'SUM.W.IV.
Pea.
3 Leeuminour.
jn.s W S.Sp.Europe
lUooO
common
,
Propagation,
the second year some will lie fit to gather,
and Vif,
by taking
only the ,
largest, the bed will continue prodorti"'
several
years,
adding
some
fresh
compost
every
year.
. P1^. it is said thing
bjL^r
1558. Mhyrm. A name employe.! by Thoophrastus to designate a ,leguminous
"
mcntator
Bodseus
a Stapel,
to hve
, hbecn'dcrived
fromin consequence
>... an ^J^^SiSS^J^'
Uit. exciting
,
and
to
have
Isccn
applied
to
this
plant
of
certain
at'hrudltfl^JL^sl
parts
t.
L.
sativus,
Oat,
Er.,
is
frequently
sown
in
Switacrland
for
soiling
horses.
"LES
>uch
d"*""'
continent,
a white
light
pleasant
made
fromforbid
the flour
this olpulse,
but MûtasJU
eflects
in the
last
century,
that bread
thewasuseisenforced
of it was
by anofedicts
edict
George.
umm ,o|d, in II".
1671
!
and
tins
not
being
observed,
by
two
other
under
his success
and 1714
>
>
bjhsrnlle*
with wheat
in half
quantity, onit amake,
asurprising
very goodrigidity
bread,ofthat
4ipc
b.
ButMixed
bread
with flour
tin,e ; flour
onlylitheha.
the
1 n'"^"
|utri>>b0P"1"
use.1
it for made
a c.intinuan.
insoino.
thatbrought
the exterior most
muscles
could not by an)
mean'
" am
he,,.",,,,-.,,e,
natural actio,,
re.tored. These
symptoms
usually
ap|ared .nsation
on a sud.aboliJ,*STe4
' Batbs, **!Z
gj "
>"
tliey
wen.precol.4j
by
a
weakness
and
di.agrei-able
uni
. ..I.I "fuinenUtlons
and being
Olntmerita
various
kind,norhave
incurable, and
neitherof very
painrdl
'atal,lasen
thosetried
whowithout
are aeiaedcflect
wiu.,, =5aTa>**
Willi patience.
ound. A wa*
fcsjoln
''""'""I ""
with thisdriedmealherb,lostwas
thesaid
usetoofhave
theirhi.limbs,
but
grew rigid
very f*!Il)**
" X"
',ed ,tofeediM
5fl
bu,'",""""
legs
perfectly
Kmc
tleV.;uL,\''\'',ri
r1: ""'Ia"' 1,0 t readly tnueji
Bigcns,
ones, lose
power '';'" therefore.
"in acme
..lthe
it, bucapeiaally
geesebarm.
e..tvoing
,t Itwithout
anythe1'1\'''\,
. .i,"V*"1
the herb towithout
would
'"..,
, ', ' '"""bute onsomething
the ill any
qualities of the
plant :beandworth
it
W e,*""
a
Pabbroi,iZ
" ,nu,n
mu'0.ay,,
deleterious
from a light
IDm rnW
' "mTiT1'
Horence,
in 1786,
that thethan
government
theredryhaaonecautioned
the 'pe> ûnati IM
0 IV.
DIADELPIA DECANDHIA
103
Leavesbranched,
In Spainleaves
enelfbrm,
. ster
1U3+5 Stem
in i>Stlpul
paire- ovate. oblong
u'ate,
imple
NM Leaves
Stem branched,
Leavesofmany
in 2paire
lanceolate
Stipule* somewhat
spiny decumbent hairy
1
pinnate
hairy
pairs
ovate
lane.nerved,
Stip
half-sagitt
Stem branched
10)48 Leave pinnate smooth ofmany pairs elliptical.
Stipules
ovate lanccoL
Stem branched
erect hairy
103*9
Peduncles
1-flowered, Tendrils
leafless,
1(050 Peduncles
Peduncles many-flowered,
Leaves
simple,Stipules
Stipulessagittate
subulatecordate
MSI
1-flowered longer
than2-leaved,
calyx.
Tendrils
2-leaved
simple
1
Peduncles
1-flowcred,
Tendrils
Pods
ovate
back2 exiges at back
10S Peduncles I-flowcred, Tendrils 2-leavcd ami *-leaved,compressed
Pods oratechannelled
compressedatwith
1Peduncles
1-flowered
shorter
than
calvx.
Tendrils
2-leaved
simple,
Leaflets
lanceolate
10355 Peduncles
Peduncles 1-flowered
1-flowered,asTendrils
2-leaved,
Leaflets setaceous
linear
10356
long asTendrils
caL Petioles
Leaflets
lane. Pods linear rougbish mucronate
KH57
Peduncles 1-flowcred
1-flowered owned,
awned,
2-lcaved2-leaved,
simple ensiform
MM
Peduncles
Tendrils
2-leaved
simple,
Leaflets
K359 Peduncles 1-flowered, Tendrils 4-lcaved, Petioles winged. Pods linear
compressed
10 Peduncles
Peduncles about
1-flowcred
awned, Tendrils
many-leaved,
Leaflets
linear
truncatePetioles
mucronate
10361
1-fl.
Tendrils
many-leaved.
Leaflets
alternate
lanceolate,
winged
MM Peduncles 2-flowcred
2-flowered,naked,
TendrilsTendrils2-leaved,
2-leavcd, leafletsLeaflets
ovate oblong,
Pods
hairy
10363Peduncles
obovatc
wavy,
Stems
nîd
4-aiigIed
3 Peduncles
Peduncles 2-flowere<l,
2-flowered, Tendrils
Tendrils 2-leaved, Leaflets
Leaflets altern,
ensit'orm,lane,Po.is
smooth.Stipules
Stipules 2-parted
10165
smooth,
HM
Peduncles 2-flowered,
Tendrils 2-leaved,
many-leaved. Leaflets
lanceolate,
Stipules toothedlunate
10367
Peduncles
about3-flowered,
Tendrils
many-leaved,
Leaves
lane.
Pods
hairy,
HM Pedunc
Pedunclesmany-fl.
long many-fl.
Stipules
broadLeaflets
cordateoval,
sagittate,
2-leavcd Seeds rough
MM
Tendrils
2-leaved,
JointsStip.Tendrils
naked
MM
Pedunc
1-fl.
shorter
than
stipules,
Teudr.ls
2-4-leaved,
toothed.
Pods erect turgid and villous
371 Pedunc.
Pedunc. many-fl.
many-fl. Tendrils
Tendrils 2-leaved
2-le.tved,quite
Leaflets
roundish.
membranous
lOiTi
simple.
LeafletsJoints
lanceolate
10373 Pedunc
Pedunc many-fl.
Leaflets aerfe
74
many-fl. Tendrils
<*-"- 2-leaved,
'
Kirns ---
1MB
Stipules rounded hfe

?;
those
annuals,
andearth
is extensively
pots for decorating
m mill
SJtfamhtUa.
andofunnuus
are
also
itsgrown
borderinannuals.
ln "ie mark.
unrw"~noiiand,
. 't ""l11311114.
onthuthose
rootji>
the
nut sown
i Bunium
are
"emed.
of like
Orobua tuberosum
and Trapa
nutans, bulbocastanum)
and their flavor; these
is highly
' and<Limrl^nt
hnibuerie,
and might
trellis bework,
and toyields
a great quantity
. ikhrm
V* ' *meor ""^'i'si*
havearbors,
suggested
applied
agricultural
purposes.both
h7J-> the south

In allusio
to the color ot its flowers. A small annual plant with yellow
^ fuum F,,W*M
of Europe
^\~1
^pis,moat
a pea.domestic
p. sativum,
Fr..antiou.tv.
Erbt,; C.cr,its and
pfeife, Ital.,isisunknown,
the most
ttIScmn^.iyyyulanta pois.
of great
thonvJvI r Lute
" tl,e
varieties
uf thewhitepeanative
are country
numerous,
difler
IL ,e among
"*n-Uurme
1*outh
frame.ofaEurope.
low plant The
bearing
only one
blossom
on each and
footstalk,
C^dthemiiS
aterminating
rouncival
ten orortwelve
^'1 than usual *', h \ fet;t The >UK"-F*w
has podscorymb.
in which The
the inner
iilm isgrows
wanting,
much
g^
' ,U1 imite of boiling the pods entire, and eating them in the same maimer aa kidney
Barten, the pea is sown at intervals from January to the middle of July, and asuccession of
Class XVlt
DIADELPHIA DECANDKIA.
sisen
R a Europe ... S Mor.ox.214

O ag
10381 arven'ec
or 3ljjljn.8 England icash. U s-i
1U3K2
maritimumW. W.
RR Jac.aeit*t3f4
1561. pUifrm:*
VI'CIA. W,
Spreugfl-haLU Vi
10383
W.
1
my.jn
or
W Britain moLw. RR jRCBUtt&UW
10384
oror 63 jLau
LB
Germany
1711.
10385 dumetrum
aylvtica W. W.
Vent.
ceb. i.
jnjl Pu Algiers WIS. R
10386
W. W.
oror 33 jn.jl
SR Eng.bol.116DV Pu Britain
Germany 11.
10.87 cassbiea
atropurprea
jn.jl
hed. R Bot- nui-
10388
villsa
oror 2 jn.au V Germany 1799.
1038
Crac'ca W.W.PK
mus.
S. Europe 1789. SS Bot
10390
Gmcl.sili.J-t..
2 jii-jl Pu
Q) oror HKg
10391 tenufUa
onobrychioidce W.
Pu
Siberia
Bnt.
re.
2
jLe
S
10392
biennis
D.Pu
Ii*- 1
oror 33 jn.jl
8S Her.
10393
nisBolinaIK. W, IV.
\) Pu Libanus
E.Levant
Indies 1773.
LabHl.syr.L7
jn.jl
10394
bengliilnais
1800.
11 jn.au
or
R
1035
canescene
I*'.
.
G.
H.
180*.
jn.au
iAl
10396
capnsU
W.W.
.Algier*
G. H. 1801.
1812. SR
! ororor 1Uj jn.au
7
peh'icula
jn.au
1804.fi. SS h.l Eng bot33t
10398
biflora
f-F.
u
O orag 1^J jn
Britain
corn
103<9
globosa
W.
ray
Britain
corn
n. SS h.l
10400 sativa
O ag 33 my jnjn
comlihedge
segetlisK
Pu Britain
SS bJ
All.pAt*U
*S
Germany
wood
y
nemordlis
CtottMUl
llmyjn
R
or
narrow-leaved
_t
France
18U.
10401
angustiflia
W.
Britain fal'-fi- 8 h.l
subterraneous X. oror 1|" my.jn
10402
amphCarpos
ap.jn
R
Britain
seash.
spring
1
104(13 lathyroidee '. yellow
or jn au
England thick. RR 8. bot *a
10404
lita W.
hairy-flowered _A oror Ij jn.au
Tauria
ia-> . R Eng. bott
Pu
launa seash.
10405
hfbrida
jn-au
Pa.Y
England
streaked
_i
10406
strita
Bich.
smooth-podded oror 2H jLau
1798- SS
10407
la-vigta
W.
Tauria
Pu
jl.au
. .. 1798.
Tuuriaii
X_A or ljjl.au Pu Hungary
10408
t
S Jacanstl
Pl.rar.lm.tj;)
10409 megalosprma
articlala W en.Bieb. jointed
Pu
Hungarian _tJ. or 11 jn j} Y Hungary Igt.
lfg SS plu.ltiSl[t
10410
pannnicaIV. '. sordid
10411
srdida
SR
llfi.au Pu
t
10412
Mithadxii If.W. en. white-flowered
France 1779.
Pu
broad-podded
179
10413
peregrina

R h.l
single-flowered "
Britain
hed.
10414
monntha
W.
Engend san.fi SS jatvmd-S-t"
busn
10415
spium
.
K,,th.si*-4
pur>le
I(t416
bithynica
W.W. flat-podded
Germany
\>y-\
S Both, abhan t
orag l"S jl.au
France
159b10417
pUitycrpos
jn.jl
S
n.1
Hungary Ii S h.l Blackw.l'
10418 narbonctisis W. broad-leaved
ag 33 jn.j
10419
W. 6aw-leaved
Egypt
S
jnjl
Garden
Itean cul
lOfcW0 serratillia
Fba
H'.
ag
3
jnjl
Horse
envina
10382
1M05
in
ja
crops
\
tiras
obtainal
from
tlio
end
of
May
to
the
beginning
of
No'"?1;.
,Jng
1
|
'^jîjo
planting, the first erop may lie gatlicre.1 in the beginning ol May , an" - irM extraonl "J ^ 10
may
beair,
gathered
in April.
ThS pea,11however,
doe.culture
not *,"?^
. to ,<li',S
giving
otherwise
the blossoms
not set.
of the
is Kn
rjP .r ,11
The ercV
oea. cultivated
in airriculture.
is byThe
some considered
' > ,,gtninnf,1.
variety,
,usoup.
can beIn"PI""1
H SS?,to ro""'",
**
The L-eiis cliiorly used for feiUng pfg's, and splitting for
'",'/ tc,t,nuo
und W
reference
to
varietv,
fall
or
moulder
down
freely
into
pup,
"'J1'!"
,h
"soil
;
ti'
l"'1
.
The
formerlimed
are orcalled
boiler..
This property
of boiling
or, the so^"" ," coimf'
ma ter t.I sl at'ttie"?i
has Ixx-n
marled,
uniformly
iroiluces pea.e
that depends
will not Irn.lt
w,f(
maybe.
Pca.e
.trawofcutpease
greeninand
reckoned
^ df nutIitive
,ra,keil "
hcep The
produce
flourdried,
is as i.three
to twoa. ofnourishi!!
the bulk 'ngr
or wXhlc"
matt"
vis.four
A thousand
part, ofanimal
pea flour
aftbrded
H. "> oi^Xtm,
> 16 of " t0 have brea
501tooftwo.
mucilage,
or vegetable
matter,
2 ofSirsugar,
rendered insoluble during the operation.

^ disagreeable
^ _
hut
are
reported nevertlieiesbitterish
Liste,
but
are
maritim
HerbaL)(kÔr*
tonts.
iscarcity.
, ieF Greek, "S^'juabl
vicia, Latin,
but
1*1. lW. ofFren
-fimg. (Turner's
Celtic, henee
\&l^h4'^^f^
\;or
, nutritive.
* , .v., are g^g"**,^, 1,?'1
iw
ku)k
'
'"'der,
iii.
h
.i
allowed
tothct
beinverv
for
want
of
supp
Some
ca
Curtis
Clv''L
H'lscrvr^,
?'*c'vs'
tfcey
lw.
v7rjp;
rroU-bfy"in
e
lse
nh.L.
themselves
Ibel
V ^.t"."' IT
lIlt'>'
prooaiuy tare,
in thaifetch
casecnosc --- pricultural
plant- ^ y v
L.
nd
vidual,le
wiiiii"?'
. as a distinct
summer
summer
' ' or vetch,
1 ",c
Professor
Marty isn aproveil,
bjagra
cultivai ^ ,|,at UI4
rater variety
Specie. tare,
but
IV.
623
.
' bt'P"l< mutate.
Peduncles m _ ..
..lui-,ovate
renuncie*
Peduncles manv-fl. Petioles many-leaved, Leaflets
: lower sessile
1038* Peduncles
Peduncle* many-fl.
many-fl. longer
Leafletsthan
reflexed
ovate mucronate.
Stipules
somewhat
toothed teeth
jDM
leaf, Leaflets
elliut Stipules
lunate
with setaceous
10886
Peduncle
many-fl.
shorter
than
leaf,
leaflets
ublong
subpuljese.
Stipules
half
sagittate
entire lanceolate
10387 Peduncles
Peduncles many-fl.
shorterthan
thanleaf,
leaf, Flowers
Teeth ofcalyx
setaceous
veryobi.villous.
Leaflets
lanceolate
villous
many-fl.
longer
imbricated,
leaflets
ovate
villous,
stip.
ltttPeduncles many-fl. longer than leaf, Flowers imbricated, Leafl. lane, blunt, Stip, half-sagitt.half-sagittate
lin. subulate
1039J
Peduncles
many-fl.
longer
than
leaf,
Flowers
imbricated,
Leafl.
Un.
smoothish
rS-nerved,
Slip.
lin.
Peduncles
Peduncles many-fl.
many-fl. longer
leaf. I'J-leaved,
Flowers distant, Leafl.
Stip. half-sagitt.
lin. lane, stalked
tootlied atentire
base
MM
Petiolesthanobi.
eulcate
lanelin.smooth,
Slip, half-sagittate
lltt Peduncles
many-fl. Leaflets
Stipules entire,Leaflets
Pods villous
ovate oblong
MM
Peduncles
manv-fl.
Leavest'pper
entire,leaves
Stipules
entire, Pods
nearlyhalf-sagittate
erect entire, Leafl. oval-obl. hoary
103 Peduncles
Peduncle* many-fl.
manv-fl. long,
long,
subcirrhous,
Stipules
10396
Leaves
not cirrhous,
Leafl.
obi. lane,leaflets
silky beneath,
Stip. lanceol.Stip.
entire
1S7
Peduncles
many-fl.
shorter
than
leafwhich
is
not
cirrhous,
obovate
eiuarginate,
10 Pol
redundes
2-flowered
awned
ihortcr
thanStipule*
leaf, leaflets
narrowed
at each
end, Stip, half-i
jl!
subsessile
solitary,
Leaflets
ovate.
markedlinear
4-toothed
1WU Podssessile sub-bmate, LeafleU obi ovate truncate mucronate, Stipules toothed marked
SS
senile sub-binatc
spreading, I-owcr leaflets
ovate
emarginate
upper 1
wt Mi
Pods sessile:
lower subterranean,
truncate.
Stipules: half-sat
lOtUJ
sessile solitary
erect smooth, leaflets
leaflets filinear
: lower
eubcordate
MM
Pods
sessile
solitary
reflexed
hairy,
Stems
dimise.
Stipules
roln"i
e'
.gitta7etre,Seed8,0boe
~m euueoruatu
J8'nate
Pods sessile solitary reflexed hairy -seeded, Standa
uPods sessile
sUilkcdsolitary
reflexed.ri'fle\eil
Standard
silkv, Stein*
Stipulesnearly
lann.( , ...> ,
smooth,
liul
1-fl.solitary
downy,
blunt. -StipulesUnt
hall-sagittate
Pedunc.
in fruit reflexed
longer than
leaf Leaflets Iinear---mi*"""'" entire
JWlOPmlsstalkM
'*"
QvaU! tiro, relile ni
npwioritstwelve
seede,tons'"
but
Vicia
not answer o ue'i i. >k ;
ir the ten_
1 gn.u,,,, r
I M,
5 .,
.C|, ,,
In
tins way, a,.,.,.:
,,,c ,car,ct ** ^ 5,ajs-a5-gj
T p,g,l"Kil..m.l H ,1Jd he
XVI!. >IT,
DIADELPHIA DECANDIUA.
624
Leguminosa.
(>:l
Tu*
1. ER'VUM. (. Lentil
Pa
i o cit 111 my
10421
L.
St*"
jn
Pu
1X OO un
s:
sst
as
10422 Lens
tetrasprmum
. smooth
2I j jnjl
Pa E. Indies UOS. S
*?attt,
un
hairy
10423
hirsitum
W.
jn.jl
O
un
10424 disprmum W. two-seeded
SP-Europe
L 159b
.coa i Black.t9JU!
S.
Dia.
Ervilia. _ O clt H leguminosa.
1563. ERVI'LA. Lii*. common
jnjl Pu
10425 sativa Link.
Chick-Pea. 1 O clt I.eguminoste.
1564.
CI'CER.
W.
jLau Pa urope 1549. S Bot. mag. 2271
common
10426 ariettnuin If.
Leguminosa:.
LlPASIA.
C.So.G.G.813.
1794 .SL p.lco, Bot, mag. 1*1
1565
LIPA'RIA.
jl.au
H.H. 1812.
104S7 ephai'rica
If. W. globe-flowered
jLau
headed
G
H.
$10428
capitata
1.
jl.au
G. H. 1812181. S -1 Bot. repSS
51042!
tomentsa
downy
my.jn
concave-leaved
10430
vestU
W.
.
G.
R
1
i_|
or
narrow-leaved * I 1 or
. G. H. W
177t. <; 00 Bot. teg. 8
$10431
graminiflia
CG.
H.H. 1792.
SI0432
\ill6sa
M"IV. W. woolly
33 jnjl
ap.d
shaggy-stem'd
i
I
or
CG.
1794. SS ppJ
10433
hirsta
silky-leaved *i I or
10434 eerlcea W,
C4-41.
Leguminous.
Bot mse. 176
1596. S Schmidtara.
CvTisrs.
t*156S. CY'TISUS. W. comm.
15 jnrayjn " Swi'tzerL
Laburn.
tin
10435
L-bfirnum
If.
Europe
&
I
Bot. rep.
ai
Scotch
I-abum.
tin
G.
H.
17
S
J
10436 alpinos . - tomcntose * i J or Ii jLau
reg. BB
Austria 17
S upJ Bot.
10437
tomontsus
. R. black-rooted
=c:
32 Jl.au
jnjl
Bot
au*
Canaries
1779.
10438
nigricans
W.
mag.
i_J
10430
foliolsus IK1. leafy
S.ItalyEurope 1J&
s 7 Bot
Bot
mag.
4,:..
I oror 3 jl.au
1629clammy
10440 divaricatus
.^
my.jn
common
sScria
SS .s. Pall.
10441 essiliflius
muenalStu
mvjn
E.Levant
indie, 1786.
1687
leaved f ) oror 22 Jl.u
1(442
wolgricu
'.If. wing
Dead,
1
1H1.
S
*-
Pigeon-Pea
$10443
fajan
W.
Obs.bntil*
i5 Jn.au
myjn Y Europe 1 S Jac
dwarf
- '
10444
nanus
If.
ct.
Bot.
cab.
Austria
/74.
S
s.
hairy
*
104
15 hirstus W.W.
Jacaustltl
33 Jnjl
clurter-flowered
1741.
1044(1
YY Austria
jn.8
Bot mag.
*
Austrian
lildit
Hungry
806. sS sjs-1 Bot
10447 capittue
nustrlacus
Pa.Y
jnjl
Austria
1(92.
10445
leucnthus If.W. cream-colored
3 my.au Pu
purple-flowered*
10449 purpreus
W.
white-flouicrcd
S s.1
albitirusW.
Y S. Europe 1755.
my.au
trailing
10450
eupnue
313 jn.au
myjn YY Hungary
two.flowered J*A
Huneary 1760.
1810. *s . Bot cab. sai
10451
biflms
ff.
sickle-shaped
*
10453
falctus
W.IK Sf . three-flowered
t Fl-rar.""-"10 s
Y Sr'n \
44 jnjl
10453
tnflrus
my.jn YY Hungary
ill
Louisiana 1804.
1811. t Bot reg. 1 S
10+54
cloiigtus
IK Ph.
Sc . long-branched
rhomb-leaved *
10455
rhombifliiis
Canaries
1779.
p.
ap.my
silky
10456 proliferus
W.
France 1820.
1<>- " Bau.h.SP;3?9
l'eau
au YY Tauri.
silver-leaved *
1U4-17
argnteue
IK
UH38 calyclnus Bich. few-flowered
pauattrux W.
104'2
10133 1
. *. Propagation, OOfre,
"""'.'in
15 (M From ene, tilled land, in Celtic ; to which this planl: a nee^ |ly being
, .
IMKA,
Lt,Gcr.,
and
IMtok,
1..
hg""
0f,'
fK
and
Svria
Al
Esau's
time,
and
much
prized
in
eastern
countries
ever
since.
In
Xmc
ho
un"
hith
rrying.iian ami sold in the shops, and considered by the natives as the best lomw ^ DI0i w nestu
ournies. There are three varieties of lentils cultivated ^"^'Ja, little 1*[' tit t
lentil it.
liest ; and aathea lentil
ofthanProvence,
whichasishuman
almost as largeA asdrya warm
pea,".with
" luxuriantslra*;^,^
' .. i5 rcouisitcrc
ii other
cultivateil
tor pea,
the grain
is sown rather Ure,
later than
the
at the rate of a fcod.
bushel, or one and a;saiiiiy
nan . (0of the
thc lent. " -
pect its culture and harvesting are the same, and it rijiena sooner
" "Tthirdna^=Ttc
P'?*or'f
about aonefourth
lesshalfthan
that
of the
tare;
andis, however,
in straw itvery
is notdelicate
a tn ....and"ouri.W
iliea
above
and
a
foot
high.
The
straw
~
^
bl
and
thc grain,
on the
continent,
sells ofatanearly
tue prict
I lter.
38-calves
parts of; and
lentils,
1> rurU
of aUreb,
and 1423
matterdouble
analogous
to anias
of
entinen'
Ervum.
See
that
word.
low
Eroilia.
A
word
with
the
same
meaning
as
Ervul
1564.
Cicer.attributed
All authors
in deriving
theinname
force , and
on acc
u,,ated
tcdthethere
fort
fort
ancient,
to iLagree
It grows
naturally
the from
Southixor,
of Europe,
called
1,
becau-....
ArUlimm."
jn'l,1"
'he
lentil,
but
it
is
too
delicate
for
field
culture
in
this
country,
is
raung sec,,
a vcry curlou, IelemU
am etohead.
iMW
" Thc species.as
t|ier
::rilliat,loam
in allusion
lees. ^
1WVM'
From karx'Oi,
brilliant,
ro the
nieandsurface.jf
tniw the
:
much water
was .1,,
enera otof.\ ."r,a.
!"'
mixture
and
peat,
genera
thc
order "1
L. villosa,
vestita,ofsericea,
and orne
others,do ifnot
they"""'^"ucl,
get too muc. water over the"
MADELPHfA DECANDRIA
10*21
Pedunc.
2-fl.
Seeds
compressed.
Leaflet*
entire
10*K Pedunc.
Pedunc manr-fl.
about 3-11.Pods
Podsemooth
4-seeded,
Leaflet!
truncate
VMi
hairy
2-secded,
Leaflets
lin. oblong
blunt
1WS*
Pedunc -.
awncd, Pods
emooth
2-eceded,
Leaflets
lin. lanceolate down
10*25 Pedunc awned shorter than leaf, Leaflets obL truncate smooth, Stipules
Pcduac 1-fl. Seeds globosegibbous, Leaflets serrated
10447
Flowers
capitate,: Leaves
lanceolate
smoothsmooth
l >l* U8 Howeri capitate
head erect.
Leavesnerved
lanceolate
109 lluwcrs
Flowers capitate,
capitate. Leaves
Leaves ovate
lanceolate
downy
1DW)
concave
woolly beneath
*1
Flowers fascicled,
spiked hairv,
leaves
ami angular stem
liH>J Flowers
Leaves
ovatelaiR4.4il.ite,
villous downy
10*33 Flowers racemose. Leaves obovar*
10*44
2* termini er '
""os:
V"* ellh,
S S""1"' ilCcw, 1' 'favts ("mutai ha 'f"? "te
mucronat*
! obovate
blunt hairy
- -Leaflets
obliqueobovate
ive oni.lan.1
barrai
land ni?!ced.
5* much
,IK|
or M"
Martini
T,cthechief
ESor
it in ji,eVe".'ho
lcav use
Jamaica i.
"1di he4
are ofgiven
62.
26
lan. 17 LP '*"''Uf
1567. MUIXE'RA. W. MULLKKA. or >
10459 moniliformis w. bracelet
6-. MM J,
,m40 mjn Pa.pu g.Sp.An,
RBINU.
1568. Peeudaccia
BOBI'NIA. W.W. comm.
Acacia
10460
smooth large-lv
W.
clammy
10461 inrmit
viecaa 7.
Aeh-leaved I f]
10462
violcea
W.
l_J otor --IS Jl-au
purph
1046:1
purprea
Link.
r
.
J'**1I oror 106 my.e
...
10- Kuineen'eie
if.
Rose-acacia
10465 hspida
hspida W.
w.
si or 10 my.e
upright
I59. CARAO
S.bbban Pe*-T^ JJ", Siberia 17 S
10466
/toycommon
V
il WWW
10466 Urica
libirica
Robinia /toy.
Caragtina L.
or
YV Siberia
18J.. G s.1 L'her.stirpA'6
Iberia
10467 arenaria Doiiine
, J or 11 jnjl
jnjl
1789. GG ls.
Siberia
1
grandiflora
.
'"gÊ
S
r
Y
3
ap.m
Siberia
Kacir***!
10469 Altagana (
",
S or ... Y Siberia 1796.
1814 GL s.1s p, 8ctim.aro.lA
Y
4
ap.my
t^ntho.de, Gh...ike or fi ap.my Y Siberia 1775.
ra* i.
1779. RG " Bot
Liier.<"
10478 Pinosa
W
lh??
- or~ 6 rny.jn Pu
-Y Siberia
1773.
%
510473
Cilina
10474 Halodndron
Chamlgu W. W. alt-tree
ahiiiing
42 myjn
Siberia
10475 ft-utscens W.
shrubby
1 apmy
ap.my YY Siberia
10476 pygmaVa W.
dwarf
Sp.1 2. 1800.
, S s-f
Bett-**
J^nnminosee.
H
^.
1570. SWAINSO-NIA.tt A: Swaiwu-"W. 1802.
Bot mag.
m ,3
4 jl.au RPu N5' SS W.
10477
red-flow-ered i_J
10478 galegiflia
coronillifliaH. .E . purplc-flowerede
i_l or 2 jlau
Bot
mag.
Leeuminoste
TI571. SUTHERLAN'DIA. H . Suti.bb^npu.
[_jor 'S Jnjr Sc C.t.H. SS. S il
10479frutcaceie'H!". scarlet
r?b h. . J Ex. "
1572. LESSER TIA. H. .annual
I.ESsnaTta. lOI or i w^s**
W>
1
.mi"3
11*4)
nnua
.. X..
1jfny
,UU gRS
1753.
S 1il Jac
procumbent
-*
lUJ
nr
Botmag
10481
diflTisa
.:.
.
perennial
lAl
or
10482
pernnane
H.
K.
0 1" . SP- *-,2-1568. SM W
10433 plchra . M. pretty
"J.
lleno '"" , ,
Bi.aoobr-Sksna.
tir>73. COI.t'TE'A. .. common
** oror ;10 , 10454 arliorscens IV. smaller
Levant
10455
mdia W.If.en.
oriental
" or 6 So
Levant 1752.
10486
Pocock'a
n"
10465
10487 cruenta
Pocckii W
10470 Vie, Pro,goi.o, Collie.

Hhlory.
rf ^ ra jJJ-âja
1567.
1/*
In
honor
of
Otho
Frederick
aJtaie.
remarkable
!ve also lived four other Mllers. Germans,Mller
snd liotin
sts. r
ine peningal
,5^.
that
,at
of
a
necklace
;
a
number
of
little
balls
licing
belM
united
bjW"|
I
>
''"i5Jnch
,
,ch
of
Qburnum.
Gburnum.
. d
|, PW
SS
always
remaining
closed. Theorjean
flowers arc pink,
and he si or IVOl
of ^
.
berbaristtollenr)
^>|,
*.and
&CParis.
1620. InHi.memory
son, Vespasian,Robin,
was subdenionstrator
at tue
aej
whoH. cultivated
theisR.a nseudacacia
in Europe.uee of ,,,.,
(>"
t 1J
pseudacacia
thornyveryfast.growing
,,aiure,
tat"r
, of no greatvalued
,Th
' sorthAej*S,
mental
whenfallyoung,
welllike
adapted
elipse-ood
an roug
<.
spring, and
olTearlvandin autumn,
tixiM for
o. the
ash. UmDr
finely veilin edNon "-*'
said
be superior
that of the laburnum
beingnative
'.'"^^nateVer.
^bV(r5>0.
""'T.
moretovalued
by thetocabinet-maker
than any; other
t,i 1>cr * na,eWc nforioed
W"
enest
p
being
ihcorruptible,
it Is equally Baltimore,
useful for have
posts remam
' >:twjni
, f nMrly
centu'V.
kl"
posts ofnearlv
this timtar,
on a proiKirtypoar
, avalue
i'' 'wng>"f
nTted
leaves, andlCMe.1.
pendulous white
odorous
flowers, add (* ~*it,
,|,eltersJ s ) far
this
It prefer,
apt tocountry."
throw up suckers Men,,
from ii.the414.)
running
roots, aanddeepas ">"k,X
It ttoW gj") ; ,seemsrcaticul.ar
advantage. , i^
*c-wood,
iSeatson the
(.uselooSw-./frj
ylotreaili..o
In North America
the locust-tree has
has cultiva
hithertoUt
beenJnroi
shipwright,^X2
" K sprcxl""
but
wereand
it a.fuhook.,
plentiful asbeing
oak, much
it would
be applied
Purrrfd!,lllration,
Umber.,
superior
to oakforformore
it. strength
a um. ând, from
iu ,ouia-.
Into branche,, afford, f'11 as large a proportion of crooks or . '"V^Mupoii ?CSutouljj
"
. A.fb.crootofacaeia.
in a dryilthtnatofoak,
state,thatweigh,
from
48 not
t. !"*
J'^sJoO
le,
J" po
lv,
i^""u^nial
condition
it
will
more
J"^;
,
jt
might.
l
d
with
of
oak,
be
tnaii
11,
v
,ncm
mrn-t 22! 2 Mk 1 a" I renath nearly 96-
"a awed *, voinl"f<"
_100 ;slilllio..
but were Aiit "'!
on. .05"""i"th
>n.k
strength,
touglmes.,
piece with
a we ;g t of 7 po""*
'"1
s.,uarc
iu the Vertical
ction,andbrcae
when loaded
IU medium cohesive force is about 11,500 pounds. (Did. / Ardu.)
OidrIV
DlADELl'HIA
10459 The only specie*

IMS) Racemes with 1-. pedicels, Leaves pinnated with an odd one, Stipule* spiny. Pod*
10*61 Racemt-s
Racemes with
with J-tl
1-, pedicels,
pedicel*, Cal.
Leaves
pinnatedleaves
with pinnated
an odd one,withBranches
and pods
with
10*68
truncate,
an odd1-flowercd
one.
Stemviscid
unarmed
1'HfiJ
Petiole* somewhat
spiny. Leaflets
lanceolatemucronato
downy,bristly
Pedia
lOifi*
Racemes
axillary few-flowered,
Calyxesand
branchlcts finely
10165 Racemes axillary, Leave* pinnate with an odd one, Stem hispid
K*fi6 Pedunc, simple several, Leaves in 4 pairs. Petioles unarmed, Pods cylindrical
lOiff?
Leaves about
; leaflets
obeordate,
Peduncle* twin
than Pod*
flowerdowny
lDtt Puriunc
simple.*pair
Leaves
4 stalked
hoary terminated
by a shorter
weak spine,
19
Pedunc
simple
solitary.
Leaves
in
about
8
pairs,
Stipules
spiny,
Pod*
cornprvsed
MM Pedunc.
Pedunc simple,
simple, leaves
Leave* inin 2many
downy,
Petioles
pair*,pairs
Leafl.
obi. lane
silkv.filiform
Sm'*spiny.
-1 Branches vill"
1(472 Pedunc
Pi-dunc 3-.
simple. Leaves
in 4pairs.
Lean*,
cun
10473
silky.
Petiole*
JW74 Pedunc.
Peiiunc simple,
shLLeaves
ra in 22in|uurs
s IkyLee**
fti?,neae
0474
leaves
4 i>airs.
*
d ptiole spiny
W5 Pedunc.
simi.lV *iaddery
y 9
"* i-ii . ' "" axil

nacca^ aXll,a^ "beapiute I-sided
Js0, Prominetie
. 1047 --.. .
'
.-naer it
by the periiitcnt brown [onl < iL
JET* 7
Th"""dit
5i a,,d ^^^fiS;
" wie
V
"> " mh. Rou
n *ltn awet-t-wiîtnH
_
Cu XVII.
DI ADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
628
1574. GLYCYHRHI'ZA.
* ,Îf":
Pa
lC*Wcch,naU
W.
prickly-headed
nr
or S in. Pa
1IHS4
glandulous i or<* 33 jn.au
jl.au
Pa
11*) plandullfcra
EtdU Fk. W. lilky.lcaved
2
jl.au
B
10*91
rough
i A
10*92 aspcrrima
hirsuta tf. W.
hairy
S jl.au Pa Levant 17. R >
Leguminosa1575. ofrieinlie
LIQUOR1T1A.
10*93
/. .
commonLivuokue. cil 4 jl.au LB S. Europe 1562. m
Leguminosa. S/.. 12-25. L DO Bot mag- ?
1576. CORONIL'LA. . . .
3 ap.jn H France
r.m, Botest3.
Scorpion Sen
10494
E'menisW.If.
Bot magmag. 1
Hush
S.France
Europe 165
159 r.m
10495
jncea
22 jiijl
mr.n
i
Bot
i__Jor
nine-leaved
104!
valentina
W.
France
22.
V Mogador 1798. r.m
Par. mag
Im 13
l_J
oror 3 my.a
Lp
seven-leaved
1047
glauca
1.
Bot
iny.n
Y
l_J
10498
viminlia
. . slender
S. Europe lifo. Bot mag- &
2J JH-jl
l
large-headed _AJor
10499
coronta
W.
S.
Europe
1658.
_] or jlmy.jn YY Crete 166* L 8.1 Bot mag. 2
least
10500 minima W.
eilvery-leaved m i i oror 42 iLn
15!'7. *.! JacrtuLUS
10501
argntea
if.
Europe
purpl
10502
varia
W.
andia ITH.
jn.jl Pu
St (Spain
oror 2ljjLau
Cretan
15t. CdeUtltt"
10503
crtica
K
Bot cab,
Hatchet-Vetch
$10504
2 jUu YY Iberia 122.
10505 Securidca
iorica Bitb.I. Iberian
leguminosa.
1577.
HIPPOCRE'l'IS.
Horseshoe-Vetch.
f* Y & Europe
10506
unieilinuea
W.\V. ingle-podded
& ? M mag 427
10507
multisiliqusa
many-podiled
OO l,rprpr 21 jl.au
my.jn Y
10508
balerica
W.
shrubby
i_J
10509 comsa W.
tufted
4 Pr 1 ap.au Y 55Sor
1578. ORNITHO'PUS. W. Bird's-Foot.
i mv.au R Portugal a w
10510 perpusillue 1. common
510511 ebractetus
Brot. round-podded 3 1 myjn Vy
O.
durui
Cav.
I S Sais
.fei
O pr fj jn.jl Vy ÎS
10512 comprssus W.1. hairy
Europe 1590.
18
8S
Purslane-Ieav'd O pr i-Jl \i Barbar)'10513
Porlugil
1818.
O
P$10514 scorpioWes
rpandus P. S. repand
5
jn.jl
Vy
O ag
Serradilla
10515 aativue /*. S.
1579. vermiculta
SCORPIU'KUS.
W.common
Catehpillar,-* O pr 2 jn.il Y Klimpe ljBL S8 Mor.hi.W-!
Mnr.hUt
I"i
10516
W.
Mor.ol.;'
YY S. Europe
10517 muricta W.
two-ilowercd O ]>r 22 jn.jl
Kurope 16W.
It**Mor.lilll-'1-"
Jn.jl
10518
sulcata
W.
three-flowered
-*
1731.
jn.jl Y s!SaEurope
10519 subvdlsa W.
four-flowered - 2 Leguminosa.
1i 1785. S s.l pu.
1580
SMPTH
A.
Salisb.
Smithia.
E.
lnilies
10520 sensitiva So/.
annual
10495
10J02 1
104S8
10500
, -t,
lltstory,
i.V.
rruiwwt
--
wc]1
called. shrubberies.
Sliru! tli meinliranaeeoui inrlated pod, free-growers
, there arearcel>n'
extensive
, _ and liowcre
.. where
-
. arboreseens grows on Mount Vesuvius, even in the ascent to t ic < .
md ,
other
plant.
The
leaves
arc
recommended
as
answering
all
the
PtT~
.
r,ired
to
1'!??
,
particular directions for the preparation of them. A larger dose seems M i Hal|[t td B ,.Jord
eHect.
The seeds,
in a quantity of a drachm or two, excite vomiting.
root i' *e"
food grateful
to cattle.
.
t ,.te of the h400"ceu.,liritiJ.
1574.
Oiryrytto
From
.we,
and
^^^j^f
*f
fw
l^
known.
pTut the sixties
from which
the nameofisourderived
nowEnglish
WMTOtuw
which in I'0f(i,'
V"~t not,
1575. Liqmritb.
A lartinlred
appearance
common
word. /.f
;^
be an Theis.
alterationToorothers,
corruption
of theit isFrench
//.. u*'r
Ile
however,
appearswcir.1
more.probable
that "the. name" alludes to the qui1'
r Uiiqui,!
whichIsthea deep-rooting
roots contain,perennial,
and which
constitutes
^\ loam,
; anri ,trcjfJEl
,ri,cd hy_TM
otncinalis
which
has longtheir
lioen great
muchTai"J
;ult'v;" . s3,!,h
ime has
been grown
in different
|irts
nftotwo
England.
The
soil
should
beII"W^
'1 - eyes
jm<ml
if "'Sêmsr
pade
o,
plough,
or
with
the
aid
both,
and
a
half
or
three
feet
or
buds
I .
r>??4*0Kocured from <* plantations, and consist of the s.de-roots^w men ^ Mjrt^jjgSM
'
i, taken
fcr uje a - rOWleither
^
wantedofforliquorice
planting.
Theupplanting
*S. e*.
' - is preferred. The plants are *K*"j Tll(, ,(! "
onions oror !
completely ukeJ
withered.
the plantsThe
do plants
not "must
""'Yfhase" bree
bean. Km..lm
, ,h(,As.ucrvals.
three lummcri gr0'
Prdii IV.
;<.;'-'
lili
f?*5l Pedunc about 3-
ai
aS' s il1
69
cmarg. clammy
r'owcre racemose
>vtereiUK clammy beneath
..Pod. rounded er, s.'L
*
'
vu ne
| 10610Lw pinnated, Rowers capitate with a bractea,
Pod*
roundish
511 Leaves pinnated, Flowers capitate without bractea,
Poda
round i
10512 Leaves
Leavespinnated,
Flowers: capitate
bractea,
1513
tenate subseseilc
the odd with
one very
large Poda compro
MlLeave*tmate orqunate : the odd one largest. Stipules large m
10515 Luret pinnated, Pods rugosependulous scarcely bowed, Joints
10"i]6 Pedunc 2-fl.
1-. Pods covered
over withoutwardly
blunt scales
Iv u> 10517
Pedunc.
Peauwc
aboutPods
3-fl. bluntlyaculeate
Pods bearing
bearing outwardly
outwardly clustered
distinct acute
i V 51
Pedunc. about
t-lt
Pods
acute
Um Lips of calyx entire, Racemej stalked few-
?!SSteSjb.u ^***^
^t^J^^BTL
^"^- *or,o. and .(. . J

^r'^.'-rpion,
Tejeras
" ^ * * " W Pre,,,
'"
"
<* ^
Cutss XVII
DIADELFH1A DECANDRI.
30
1581. gramliflra
SESBA'NIA.. HAC.AT. great-flowered
Sesba'nij. or 10 Legraruno**.
3" S1
10521
< or 4 il.au
Y . s JK.ai.t
i a*gvptaca . . Egyptian
or
4
Indies 1.
js
riekly
10523
acleta
.
.
( 4 jU
jLau JY W.Indies
1823. S BAreg.
lerop
10524 calinablna P. & painted
or 6 jlau Y
10525 picta Ca.
Lcgumih
1582. .SCHYNO'MENE
. AC .ESCHYSOMENE.
... Y
oror 32 jn.,1
52
shrubby
1(1527 sensitiva
spera W.If.
rough-stemmcd O
au 1YY
oror 22 jl.au
10528
hispida If. If. hispid
il lasse
tm
10529 americana
hairy
or 2 jn.jl V
10530 Indica W.
Indian
LeguminotiT.
tl58a STYI.OSANTHES. Sue. . 1 jl.au
Y
10531 prociimbens Siez, procumbcnl E2
l.r.nimriroite.IV
1581.
HAL'LIA.
7.
Ham
Pu
IP Jac-!^
long-leaved
105.52
flaccida
W.
Pu
. S.V
it 8ii '
Bot."*14*
heart-leaved 4 OJ
iAJ un
on 2]| au
533
cordata
IT.
au
Pu
imbricated
i
I
un
10534 Imbricate W.
jac.viiid.3LW
Sp.
714.
Isgumiaot
lp
1585. LESPEDE-ZA.<*. I^SPnatiA.
Virginia
DD Lp
N.IndiaAmer. li39.
10535
fruticosa P..S. fs.leJtowered
"?!*,
. * 3 jl
Lm.nl.dKl4
IP
10536
scss.liflra
iij
Inn.
537 jncea P. S.
alemler-brancli. pr 22 jl.au
UD Lp
N.
Amer.
1789.
W
jn
jl
Lp
I
capitata PA.
headed
i PJl'r 3 jn.au W N. Amer. 1789. D e.1 Mic-Ur"-*
ln53Bpulvstcliia
hairy
N. Amer. 1789.
Bur. loi <
1UV40 violcea PA Ph. violet-flosvered
i pr S ilau Pu
ra Cbioa 179U- D S.1
0541 lagopodioides P. S. Hare's fit-like iAI pr 2 iny.jn
Box.
cor. .143
Ifgmnimosar.
1586. FI.EMIN'GIA. Sor. FLMiiao-lA. ... S J" Nepaul Ufe- DS s-P
Rex. cor. 315
S
10542
riela H. K. . straight
t ii un 3 flau
10543 omialta
many-spiked
many-spixcu
India
crowded-spikedtx 3Ii jl
I !| Br.,nn.Lf'
,. , nna
....^wl
au Pu
m ludia
India
10545
...AT.K. dwarf
23 jl.au
branch-spiked
OJ
on
F, Indie 793.
1 i87. c J BotKf,1'
10546
lincta
jl.au
Pu
Bccch-lcaved
.
un
10547 atrobiUfera . ".
SP27~ I 'i SS55i?
leguminoso*.
15S7. ZOR'NIA. Mich. Zornia, t*. lln il.au Pu E- I"'' ES
1518 pulchlla P. S. neat-Indiau
India
17^*
1
jl.au
1-
two-leaved
un
10549 diphyUa P. S. W. HKDYSARUM.
JrguTMitoKe- Leyanl 71*- al I^r^l
1588. HEDY'SARUM.
21 jl.au
" India 1W;m.ii.iin.v:i
. If prickly-stem.
~^="
5lO550
AlhSgi W.
l.au Pu
0551
buplcurifolium
Harc4-ear.lv
un
1
India
Pu
10552
nummularifliumrf
Money-wortlv.
O
un
1
*
E Indies Ii9ri- S ro Bur-^t*"
Pu
10553
styracifoliuin
'.
Storax-leaved
U
un
E.
Indies
1762.
Pa.Y
i i jl.au Pu E. Indies 1802.
< urn10551 KuiiKtri'tuni
gangticum '"If.
oval-leaved ED
S5l5.f>5trtquetrum
un
orun 11 jLau
W." triangul.-stalk.
India
LaU Pu
spotted
liBO. S if Bur.lw
SlO.'i.W
raaoultum
fK.
i
iu" EE Indies
sheathed
HD
un
10557 vaRlnle
IT.
Indie.
arrow-leaved . un
China 1807.
17WI.
gl'Jiy âpitritlim
voeportilinUP. S. bat-winged Dl un 1 jl.au w
10530
10531
&
History, Vie, Propag<H. Cvtlw.
>re ororaul1581. toballa.
Th. Arable
loam,
^tin'ai.t
^", M
of the"
grandiflora
is a beautiful
plant , name
it grow,Scsoo,
in peat and
and < Uttings. root
r in sand under
from ">^jiu,
1.532. It...
A,
name giventobybepliny
to a pUnt
whthe
ch specie.
tn |,ynomene is sc.^ Word**
hand
is
derived
from
modest
One
of
I.is not
the plant 'oTpiiny.'
a flower
wer Ith
with
very longrf>'>te
of Pliny.From rvi, a' style, and .,
-. .,
: -a flower
with
1583.
wi aa very
whose nac
15 stylosaatha.
V!,.!...,.11....
-
tropical
weeds.
.,
..
_,,.
,d
the
student
under protected
1584. . Named after Birger Martin Halo, a pupil of Unnrai.. and tn
thesis called Nectario Horum stands in the Aincenitaun Academical
of Florida, W
585. ie,
Named
by Michaux, in honorchiefly
of I^Âmiru
* . WB** Bod *
hi.tani.t
inii hi, botanical
researches.
NorthofAmerican
K>tanut
151. Flhgla.
Named
aBer Dr. Herbaceous,
John Fleming, president
tbe bast iII Comlj_^ttl
in FJ"";
4"iL_
.
.
_
,hecaryat
Kcmpte".1
uthii"
S"*
SoPP""1
'
h'
been
named
after
Mr.
John
Zorn,,
anX,oS"oct
Hfaêdica.^"
779
a ,d 7^*'^ m"""d lo'"
Medieinahum,
h.e vohimes,
.,,.,,,,,
.;...ofIn^'1&<?1***
K "
*" a Plantarum
Ur- Bartholomew
autno 1.
IMIs A
was lenes
also
Ur.
Zom,
Berlin, auu.
fragrant_ flowed
Lise. Hcdytatum. From ibx, sweet, and 4w smell ; some the species have
Onns IV.
DIADELPHU DECANDRIA.
6.41
II.
":'
ilm
in*
\
HilaryStem
sessile
10535
Leafl.
subovateFasiclee
villous beneath,
Flowers
in sessile fasiclee,
shrubbyacute
36 Leafl.
Leafl. somewhat
oblong.
of flowers
sessile
numerous.
PodsPods
nearly
naked
1(657
lin.
hairy
beneath,
Racemes
axillary.
smooth
length of calyx
MM
Simple,
Leafl.
ellipt.
Spikes
enpitate
on
short
sUlks
axillary
and
terminal,
length of cor.
Branched
branched diffuse,
villous. Leafl.
Lean, ellipt
round blunt
oval, hairy
Spikesbeneath,
axillary on
long stalks,
Cor. asCaL
longfH.
as calyx
0
Racemes
short umbelled,
105*1 Leave* tmate ovate. Racemes oblong. Pods indexed, Calyx hairy
Stem
subsimple
upright,
Leafl.
lane,
smooth,
Racemes
sol. length
of petiole
11 Nearly
Branched
nearlyIjeafl.
upright,
Leafl.broad
ellipt
smooth,
Petioles
winged,axill.Racemes
panicled
term. nd
j^**
erect,
broad-lanc.
Raceme*
axillary
clustered
MS Simewhat branched, Leafl. obovate. Petioles winged, Itaoemes clustprwi
46
Erect
branched,
Leafl.
obovate
cunate,
Racemes
axill.
on
M7 Leaves simple. Spikes like cones, Bracte
ls Lm
"'-cree cucullate folia.
V-
10549
CUXVlL |
DIADELPHIA DECANDH1A.
32
If
Chin 178 ip JacecWltS!!
4 .nji l'.i
}150
tomenteum W.W. woolly
f lAJ
E.E. India
W
$10561
LJ Ul1
un 3
Bur.ieyl.tiiU
Lpl.p Bot
Indies 1*1.
1809.
I'u
8 umbelltum
biarticultum f. umbel-floweredn.
two-jointed . CJ
un
reg. S
China
1814
au Pu
91056.-3
latillium
.
broad-leaved
.
LJ
JacschrLL!
1823.
Caraccaa 1824.
Pu
10564 uncintum
hooked
un 2 1
YPu Braxil
110665
lagocephalumJacq.
/-i/tJt- woolly-headed
LJ
lAI un
pi
ISil.
1 Pu Mexico
litt* apart W**- Bedilraw
* LJ un 22 jn.
181. s J JaciciLaS
Manilla
$10567 malarophyllum tint. soil-leaved
E.Jamaica
Indies 1775.
Pu
31 jn.jl
jl.au
$10568 gyran '.
Moving-plan.
D si Com.canad.L40
Pu, N. Amer. 1733jl.au
Slltrignum
W.W.
tl.ree-euied
D1) si
1640.
62 jl.au
jl.au Pu
10370
canadnse
Canadian
W.pu
N.
Amer.
17:13.
$10571
canearen* W. IF . hairy
D S.I DileLtlM."
Pu NN. Amer.
1725.
10572 marUndlcum
Maryland
Amer. 1805. 1) s.1..1 Bur.indti+.El
2 jl.au Tu Ceylon
obtu
_
{1057'
obtdsum
W.
3
jl
he il1
D S.1s.1 Slo.jal.LIlS
1U574 capittum
if.W. twisted-podded
Januica 1781.
Pu
Plu.alm.L3f8.tS
3t
un 33 jl.au
610573
tortusurn
1787.
li N.N. Amer.
jl.s
green-flowered
un
D s.1s.1 n.mao.L4SiU
1(1576
viridiflrum
W.
Amer. 1781.
paniiled
i S2 jl ... l'u
110677
paiiieultum
If.
E
Indies
1806.
Pu
tulurous
i
"
510578
tul-crnum If.If. sharp-pointed i un 1, jl.au V N. Amer. 1806. DD s.1s.1
10579
N. Amer. 1805. D s.1
li jl.au
^^ A un
10380 euepidtum
glutiiisum If. glutinous
late-flowering
un
S(' sisi Bur.indLS4.B
10381
erollnuin
If.
.
1796.
Pu
ldtkaffll
2
j'I.jl
thlee-floweni
[C
un
81052 triflruin if.
N.India
Amer.
1727.
twining
_i un 3 )U Pu
10583
voWiuite
if.
E
Indies
1788
Pall.iLiLS
Pu Siberia 17 1) pJsj J.C.C.3.L45
painted-leaved
*
un
6
510584
pictum
If.
Pa.pu
elun 4S jl.au
10585
argenteum
L.>f. ilver-leaved
Siberia 18ii1782. s.1 PalL L3.L5L1
jnjl Pu
Siberian-shrub.
10586
frutK
sum
Pu
3
Jl.au
Senna-like
3l
$10587 fcnnoidee If.
Pu Siberia 1 *. 1)1) sjkl Bol
Bol reg.
mag.a
alpine
A elun 4i jajl
10588
alpinum
If.
AlpsofEu.1640.
Jl " Pu
creeping-rooted
i
el
D
al
105S9
obecnim
Pa.ju Tauria
Taunnii
10590 taricum If.
Caucasus 18041803. SS s.1 Bot mag. 996
Jl.au pit
Kose-colored t A prpr 4Jjn.jl
10591
rwwium
. K.W. Pr.Honey*uckle
~ Italy
1596.
Q>
*p
10592
coronnum
sD Usi ScthandiLffl
AaU
1680 un 1 jl.au Pu
1051X flexuoeuin If. wave-ponded
Spain
1640.
Pu
dwarf
A
un
D
105!>4hmi.e
W. IK xkly-podded _AI un U 3"-Jl Y Patajonia 17. S als.1 plu-almLdU
10605 muhiatum
Pa pu Britain
Spain ch.pa.
1731. D s.1 Ene- bot 96
un 11 jl.au
10596
spinoslseimum
thorny
Pk
10597
Onobryehis
If. If. Saint-torn
AA *g
L Y S. Eurol>e 1790. DD s.1s.1 pLrar.htuLUl
11 jujl
jn.au
or
910598
saittile
W.
rock
Hungary 1804.
jn.au W
A prun ljjn.au
$10599
If. Sua. white
alsj Bot reg. 815
Pu
M_-
SI0G00t lbum
awndeiis
amending
Pu Jamaica
W. Indies 1818.
1818.
2 ,n.au
CJ
Ul1
ii
'
crteum
Lindl.
blue
I) ce Biebccnttes
Tauria
11.
10601
graiulinY>ruin
3t* or jn.au
141 Tauria lwl 1>S roal
my.jn
lOflfrJ cndidum
tiiduium Birb.
Bieb.Hieb, large-flowered
while
white
i
10002
F* S.France
CotkVhcad
ijl.au
51060
Europe 1731.
1710. S il Burro. md.L51
k'e-voinb CJ
41 jn.au
10604 Cput-glli
Crtuta-glli IfIf.
fl-I Pk B. Indies10S7S178a s.1 10576
crook-podded
165 crioltura If.
10
10B61
10568
, Ute, PropagdiM, .
their t;tmordinary
general,
only
make
a
taint
and
feeble
attempt
towards
the
middle
of
the
faculty. (SW)
. day at. e , not able to eicdcitb!
This
motion
does
not depend
upontheany
exteraal
cause
that
woforcan
trace,
""',,
of ,hde,
and '"h i-any
art
that
we
posseaa.
It
is
not
action
of
the
sun's
rays,
this
plant
is
jun
u
qiet
r*olvc
well onthere
rainymaydays,
and part
during
the night:asexposed
to toowhere
mucninewinu'
f .1
*!1"*says
Linnsus,
some
vegetables,
nd some
sp^ ,etiveK
rLeoronartum,
Salbt,[orbe Sai,tfa
in.
Er., isin ananimals,
esteemed
borderi bienn . al,
IsoutrW
asriculturUta recommend it for cultiyation as a field planL In Calabria
and made un
near
four
affording
excellent
nourishment
to :horses
mules, <1";""'
l nat it mu
at0
but
doesfeet
notwellhigh,
wellenough
bear
the
spring
inthethepurposes
north ofofItaly
we mayandOabeck
presume,
our itclimate
to answer
husbandry.
mentions, , i]e U- it broug"'
'"
8
bundles,
as
fooil
for
cattle
,
...
Hm
rooting
pcren"1;h
br^?not,r,chi*.
b-s-ipitree/.compound
Fr Eâr^tte,
Gcr.,shewy
and Cedrangolo,
ItalIt is, a ,U'"(_D
f^, mlnylong
parts of
oranchmg
spreading
leaves,
Bowers.duratron.
I ut neve, roun(1
but stems,
warnt chalky
soils,and
where it isred
of great
1^-has ^ iJSsj
tne cnaj
iSrietH""
P*r<> value
' theU,continent,
and beas angrown
agricultural
plant,fora ^^S
WV-S
libbbilS??,,eld
"sMhCT
peculiar
that
,1^may
onlong
sodsandunfit
being "?uunder
saint-loin,
-'Hnsau?y
liiu"
undergrasi.
This
is
owing
to
the
dcendi..g
id
to
"u
?"'"1;,"
thrive in th? fissures of irreen'it
rocky andis chalky
understrata.
as o( and
jS^RZL"'^.'^
not so apt
to swell orMJS^Sb
ho.e .
rtnur ioung a,,, lhat U[ 1, proper for this grass no farmer can so
OiDiiIV.
PIADELPHM DE(MNDRM
El i
lt.
llij
id
SilM J
*"
\v
[Id
I d t
[Id
:LJd!" I
XVII.
DIADKLPHIA DECANDRIA.
63*
7sguminos<z.
Indigo. * l-J or 1 ]l.o
tK89. INDIGOFERA. Jf,
p eE cu.
Indio mt
17 S ilii BotrwiM
Be.MC.Wli
Pu
naked-stalked
IMue fllifl" W.
im s si>p Bol
m. m
bw Wfcei
1 jlau Pu .. g.G. H.. 177*.
Flax-leaved
EE
or
10607
HnifSU
Ju
long-piked
*
I
I
or
10H8
psoraloides
W.
I!Sc . H. 177. ip Hot. *
white-leaved
iiII oror my.s
1U6IJ9 cndicaiw K.
mr.ap
cariet-flowered*
. G. 1812. >
10610
amce'na
hoary
L_l
or S mv.J PU
10811
indina W,W. dwarf
1790.
Lp Bit call Sw fe
Pu . G.G .H 17.
iAJor
10612
my.jl
smooth-leaved
i
I
or
E
inda
si >
lo>i3 denudfu ff.
1
jn.jl
oval-leaved
f
O
r
G.
H.
1812.
l.p . . ,
1(H14
trta /.
Pu
small-leaved I ! or 3i ja.d
H. 1774.
10615
micropb^ll*
177H ip
Bur.inil._S>;" f*ief
.E G.lndi
jl.au
Icatliery-leaved
*
I
I
**
10616
coricea
M'.
Pu
"r 4 jlau
CG.
R
1774.
ip
**-**f
10617 eiiueaphylla W. trailing
jl.au
angular-stalked
i
I
or
.
h.
mi
'Lf/S
10618
evtiaoidei
W.
In lie. 17. ip
3 jl.au Pu
upright
*
i
I
or
a*
"""."is
11)649
striet
If.
G
H.
1774.
..
5 Jn.o... Pu N. W. 17!. S ip
liairy-leavcd
m
CD
ur
(
liirsiita
If.
l.AM
*.._jor
i I r mr.jn Pk Im IMS ip "1
lOtfl
aligustillta
W. narrow-leaved
Botiny-Bay
IiMrJ
J
austral.
ff.
Pu W.
jnjl Pu
0 31 jl.au
Ind 17.11.
> BJJBJU
....
clammy
10623
trtacM
In.li
17.11. ..
WestIndian fm OK'1
106J+
A nil IK.if.".
5 jl.au Pa B.W..
Indi* |
1771 9 ..
Esilver-leaved
ist-1lidian
10!5;tinctria
*.
2
jl.au
CJclt
lOt^n
argntea f. eleven-teaved ED' 4 jl au
C.. G.G. .
. 18.
1'-'4. .
10e-J7
1U6V8 endecaphlla
rtiuulris /*. large-st
leafless puled m I I Ul1 ...
16V9 ptifl-f1
ni Plum-icllS
S. Tepiirosia. eCDclt,
159a toxicara
TEPHUO'S.A.
P Fish-Poison
* v., S. Amer. 179K *)
P.
S,
pi Bot reg.
Virginian
or 4 jn.aut
10631
virginina
PA.
C.G. H
How-colored Ii_lI i"or 43 m
10632
grandiflora
P.
S.
iny.jn
straight-podded
10ft3
strkta
S.
ln.au
E InitiC 1779. P i
pale-dowered .* lCJ
I <) 32 jn.jl
106.a
plene
indi
6
villsa
P./*. S./*.i*. S. VlllDUS
Pu
O] oror 22 Jnjl
,0.vhvhee
Indl g*
68. gt CO .>
WIKllly
lUfVai
piscatoria
jl.au Pu
I8;a
as ljjl.au
purple
10637
i>urj'rta
I*.
S.
Pu
<
_
10638 capitult* Link. crpitetlate
.
3
jl.au
19039 anceatlia /*. lancclcaved or UgumiMt*. Sp. ffi D sebillo*1
(.)A r's-RUB. of 4 jn.e Spain 15. u
GALE'GA.
lo-;1591.i' officinalis
W, P. & officinal
Uvant i.
jac.>mer.t"s
whitr-ttouxrcd
^k or 4: jn.au W
alba
oriental
Caribce.
J; fg j^^Ltia
4
106*1
orientlis
-f.
3 ju jl Pa
Caribesn
or
10642
caribea
If.
pY
.
Tii.
isa
ip
eulpliur-colorede. or 3
10613
10614 ochrolelca
mucronata Jf.
T/iunb. miKTonate or 2 jn.jl
lois
627
,^\S '''^#5
1589. 1. xhat l> to uv., t hearing
the
St I
theto ofWet
andmoderate
the
t.ncror,.
imtnen
et;r,"?''
i .fW.hl
,l,cIndie.,
"M*
inH|n<,,u>";'
land
, 1.article,
labor
]aMr nd
,nd "J,
? rfIX"M
,K!"
Und
I '""
reonlredol,c
produe.
hut \profltahlc
bulk ofoftheculture
dye; becau
ho
ill o, Lel.
t
7h ""J'*11""
I
i
and
bacauan
the
raiaing
of
the
,.lant
and
it.
""""'"''.^
'Perfectly
""*- frro
||from
I"1w.^s
' "andthedryculture
of tho plant
hall, w ,,r,V,'; ""??r,c'
it naturally
rnoi.li. toTherender
e<l. an"ra
i.
d.|' ,thri. I?.1"".'
S ff
Theandrainv
w.,i,nThemiiit
bel.,ng
choam
forclear
.wing,
nrS
n
17,
"
h,ra''.
Mrnipta,
i.
lo.L
crop
kept
01
-eed^
ta
I
V
llol
to7,n
ma>lrav"latcd
m rainy
ac.,<on,
ivery'hard,
aix and
weeka
Tbc Pl".7^rfka.
V eVnor
i t, ?"'''
"' ,'" the
" cat*
bc'ome
dr, and
the .in,iiS
,.ra
the ,,, , V, fc"1

n,t ln dr>'inweather,
would
A cropwith *.** matter;
then
,he"t".
ainvatwhich
tillaaitittr.ev
ha.
becomenotthe..J,.p'ri.lR
.ratetagaia
and parted
,li
t'aine.1
Tara
e4f
",L"
of
.,n,
uratergl
peculiar
proce
ofboating,
to
u"
n
l
i(
laca
tbrou, H ,S':'cr' Tl"" fcru,a ' u"' Into ^,-a "
here it, amaina
remain, aome
brnc,an'
the
ii.viiii.ir
somp
lrc
IJjSKta tir T.'fecui"ia'ret rT'into a third f^wljepe^ ,nt, ,hade IJ icM
raine,!
through
cloth baga
and
in .hallow
wooden
bo\.PJ,' Z, larrels orere
**42
rotated
ahallow it*!2^
'"V1' *.
"cm
'?,'-pioc
"'1 ova.K.ratcd
evaiKirat.,!
.hallo
1
of an
inchsouarej
rcctly
,lry
tit i9w'n"
cut itl hIi
"4.
ibd'.go
"mn"
P'". cultivated
f."
belore
is t en p* ' ,cml.nt
in .iniilar
India
carried. -g.
too far."1
^r.
'""go
waa
not
extenaivelv
.
.i...
in
cases,
ita
culture
ww>
11""'W
at ttrat 0 conaiderahle,
that, ais inonesimilar
of orienta'
cryi"^:ta;
-t.
dem!
oflittle
thecases,
most
.i
â warm
,
plant
(rÎ
tS?S
,b' h,i,'eommo,l,ty.
"o', W*The
" indigo
comparatively
injury
In'"",',
d
Uuat^
|oW ,t
'fainliinMith,,
West
Indies,
thrives
best
'"
and
cleared
it,
"or
chedwith moisture Having first chosen a proper piece of ground, a.
j Oinii IV.
DIADELrHIA DECANDRIA.
lOfiOfi
Loaves
limpie linear
filiform,hoary,
Flowen
llH/7
Leaves
limpie
Podsraremoee
globose
1WW
Uave
ternate
lane,
silkysilky
beneath,
Racemes
longer
thanthan
leaf,leafPodsfew-II.
pendulous
lB
leaves
tenate
lin.
lane,
beneath,
Racemes
lunger
Pull straight
WflM
Leaves
ternate
oblong
downy
beneath,
Hnccmcs
longer
than leaf,
Pods reflexed
a|
lu 10611 Leaves tenate obovate silky beneath, Raceme
term,
long,
Stem
decumbent
10612
Leaves
tenate,
I,eafl.
ovate
mucronato
sessile,
Pedunt
axill.
about
-fl.
Branch
JwilJ Leant
tenate
obconlate
smooth,
Racemes
longer
than leaf, Pods pendulous
Leaves
tenate
acute.
Hacemos
short,
Stemlongerect
I 14
I'/'l.i I>Mves
Leave, qunate
temate ovale
obovate
onmucronate
short
stalks,
Pedunc
filiform,Pods
Podsstraight
pendulous
jOfilt,
obovate
hairy,
Stipule*
subulate,
smooth
li'ii:
.
pinnate
cunate
7,
Racemes
as
long
as
leaves.
Pods
4-cornered
2-sceded
S18
Leaves
pinnate
5
or
7
oblong
narrowed
at
each
end.
Racemes
longer
than
leaf
tiw!. i ve"
l''"na,c
' "r or9 "long
beneath.
Racemes
about 5.flowered
sessile, Pods
Stem 4-cornered
straight
fo
vp* pinnate
P'""de of4
5Raceme*
pairsdowny
hoary
beneath,
Racemes
length
of leaves spiked,
1
Leaves
linear.
axillary,
Stem
shrubby
downy
jjjjg
many pairs
oblong.Racemes
Racemes
shorterthanthanleaf,leaf,PodaStandard
smooth
KHS Lmtc*
Leaves pinnate
pinnate smooth
of 6 pairsofobovate
atrigose,
shorter
pendulous,
Stem vL
Leaves p.nnate oblong of 3 pairs. Racemes shorter than leaf, Pods falcate
w^'
i
llilin;itet'
-h
of
4
pairs,
Racemes
shorter
than
leaf,
Pods
round
arcuate
!(*~Leaves
simple
ternate
and
pinnate
silky,
Pods
torulose
pendulous
W Leaves pinn. obi. smooth, Racemes spiked shorter than leaf, Pods 4-comered reflexed
Leafl.blunt
oval mucromilate
hairy, Slip, oval
acute,deciduous,
RacemesPetioles
longer than
leaves
Leavesmuricate
about 3,downy,
L*afl. lane,
smooth
persistent
W iJ*** falcate
ob', lane
blunt downy
beneath. Raceme
terminal
Pods round
spreadingacuminate
backwards
compressed
Calyxeslong,
woolly,
tl. oval-obl.
wraLeail.obL
mucronato
downy
beneath,rillous
Slip,spiked,
ovate acuminate,
RacemeI 4-fL
terminal^ Poda
~
flcuneate-obl.
recurved
mucronate
villous
beneath,
Stipules
subulate,
few-fl.
*s 'S
p w r**rai8l,t "pTcading ciliated, Stip. subulate, Leafl. 9-U oh), acute downyRaceme
beneath
1 1 f' t. iftws
beafl. lane, cunate retuse silky beneath. Stip. setaceous, Pods falcate backwarda
vill
S |
ascending
Stip. subulate,
Pedunc.
2-edged,PealaLeaf],
obi. b* '
|TO7
Leafl.etralght
obi. cunate
emarg.villous,
mucronate
smooth, Stip.
subulate,
racemose
EE uafl.
i ' i' inversely
l"vewl>' lane,
^"c- emarg.
obtuse einarg.
silkyhairy,
beneath,
mucronate
Stip.Racemes
subulate,terminal
Racemesshort
S
K6W Lea. mucronatesmooth, Stip. lane, sagittate, Pods erect straignt
Sp t orateacu,e
acuminate
smooth, Stip.
Hwem
Inas
dt"* " Anrath.
Stip. ovate,
subulate,
Pods eernuous
smooth
racemose pe
liit waves
I ValC
subulate.
pendulous
pmaUcutc
ovatedownv.
mucron.st'I'villous.
Stem Pods
erect,straight
Branches
downy smooth
I 10637
fit
a
:
I
trewh.n)llWT(.t
and Muccllanemu Particulari.
5)5
In ihrA. ihr
l2mt1'
7'ln*inch" *ndoflhc
hlf)<"
in di-plh,
not more
than fourteen
or fifteen
m,,.,,
ht.
r!",1nL,.
SS1
rewthe
th ck clean,
,,
>uiocnil.
l..in',,h
' Ihoae who"TqumUjT
weeded,
andaeedakeptpretlv
romlaiilly
unlilprell
they
*
1.111t
:t-in
I"'
"nd.
cultivate
great
quantitic.
only
.trew
tl
""""!.
kfc~
^ \|.[.?C;
5 PT4;|lllj,bul
within four, five,
or rix inchea ofbetter,
one than
another,
,T?i talllii-T
rttiiiire
manner,generally
arc oluorved
the
g*gH
1 in,
iZ3 . '" ,hc W"*
They
mow itoan.wor
full pei - well,.n ortworather
' month*,
orhook.,
three
i
reaping
a
few
inchoa
rftcr.
Sevenleeii
liegroei
are
tS^^naae
,,, ,'^;"'^ m,,l0'
0,,he *
laidoll,yriel,.Ir.la
In
lied, will, with
good aeaaoni
1
"!
"Inn.nd1
land,!
it ratoone
(i. c. it
^.'r'"1
poo.Kl.of
lodigo
in
twelve'n
JOhu
Ion,>f 141,KaSSI.,' ,i
sl'am,
c
>
i bul mu.tinbethat
replanle.1
allerward.
Bal,5*"
i w"I
but ai.Itwaa
on thrdrrliiuj
eounlry,
owing and
lo theItaly,
moreduring
farorahb,
]5!^drrM,ibutoL""
Indiei.
triedume
in the
aouth
of France
Ilia
"*
^'1.t
*
ni
followio.
foe
the
reuon.
-4*!The
1
"i'ol<TOl'
'"
m
the
color
of
the
foliage.
T.
toxicarla
il
a
rpreadino
IwoVi,
* '"toxcate
the t.tT
w*nth
poundeil,
and
into aa>river
or pond,
affectOne
the
S3!*
I BortdUmr
bniEl,anc,le,
- S mjkl!
"oat,,n"
on thrown
the
surface,
if dead
; mo.tveryofIt aoon
the
large
ISM r V*1.
euliva.13
.f*
' P*"
"f the
'' Perlai!
on there
occationx
ha. been
inlro.
.|
*
,.?
,,
,
con
'"""n'
f
intoxicating
qualiliex.
(-)
*a formerly
irJJ5255"
says,outitofil repute.
the wordThe/,
G.
itcd cordial andmeaning.
ludorillc,Ituellius
but it now
apeciraIulianixcd!
arc handaorra,
^HmSk
^' >11
Class XMl.
ese
Leguminosa?. , R ftl Modf.tiUg
Bastard Vetch.
1592. b'tica
PHA'CA.
R (.1e.1 Jac.aiuLL
4 il Spahl 16*0.
f
10645
W. W. hairy
1795.
J*x.lcl-tjMltt"
email
Pf 21 jlI YY Austria
10*i
fri-pda
If.
1759.
RR>,1s.1 BoLcab.490
emooth-Alpine S i my.'n S.Austria
10647
alpina
W.
Europe
1779.
PLit3.WtJli
trailing
lU+8
austrili*
i il au W.B Siberia
10649
arenaria W.
W.P. S. sand
R Europe 1796.
1771. R 1.1 Bot. cab. &
procumbent i 1 jn.jl
IOujO aetragalna
Sp. 1221. D il
l^guminoSB.
OXYT.
1593. montana
OXYTROPIS,
Dec.mountain
Austria
*
DD s.1*.l Bot
lOftl
.
Mieaouri 1581.
1811.
1i *jljl.au
au. PU
Pu
11.*1.**
1(1652
Lamberti
Ph.
Lambert*
Siberia
1800.
PU
Eng.
bot*
653
uralnsis
P.
S.
eilky
D
8.1
Scotland
...
a my.au Y.Pu
10034 srdida P. S.
hairy-mountain
SD Kl arar.hu.itl30
Astragalus
uralcnfs
E.
B.
Germany
1778.
PU
jn-il
10fi.")5 (ampestrU Dec, Held
W Aleppo
Ii il.au
SS p1U.11tr4.tt
Aleppo
lOli."* altaica
uncata .
Dec.
jl.s Pa Siberia
Altaic
10657
Portugal
1800ijLau
boat-podded
10658
cymbicrpos
Dec pale-flowered
Siberia
17 DD 11i.1 Bot cab. 5
1 JJUtt
jn.au P.i.Y
Caucasus
1803.
JaalfttttoJ
Pa
mealy
im..,. i pilsa
deall-taDec.Dec.
Siberia
1800.
Pu Siberia 1815. DD Us.1 palLeitrig.
small-flowered
10661
deflexa
Itar.
*
Pu
pubescent
I0G2 dichptera
Sp. 6S-U0.1737. D ..i luerm.UJjJ
Legwninos
1594. ASTKA'GALUS.^. Milk Vetch.
vY Armenia
al
UnVii chrietinui W. great-yellow
lAi
3)1
Egypt
1800.
1.1 1
PallMtW ?
Y
3
il
downy-leaved
<_
I'-: alopecuroldes
tomentosus ff'.H Fox-tail.like
1*3/.
LV Spain
C ilil Pull.""*:,1,,
22 n.jl
1066.)
Sriai
1815.
Pali. Mir*111
UY
in.il
Fox-tail
s
10666
vulpiiiua
W.
a
Europe
17
Pa.Y
33 in.jl
lOtti,
narbonensi
If, French
Levant
PaI, V Siberia
jl.au
headed
10T6B
i-apittus
if.
PalLrrag L*l
S *3 jljn.jl Fu Sillera .
10671)
9 sulctiis
W. W. furrowed
175J.
""f73
Melilot-like
IS i pl
melilotodes
Siberia
Sweet.
1-
31 jl.au
my.au Vi
twiggy
10671
virgtus
W.
11.
Siberia
pi Jac >c t- 1=
Pu
line-leaved
10672 lenuii'lius
Astracn
6.
R..Y
1
P."
u."S3
3
jl.au
rough
Astracn^
Siberia 29,
if. If. Goat's-Uue-lv. 3t A 2 hi.au

pi LiMLHU*"
10674 'per
galegifrmis
17*.
" jnjl li.Y China
upright
Chinese^ iAJ
llXi/5
cliincnsis
W.
1737.
Siberia
i"
green-flowered
A
10676
vireVeus
Siberia. .
P..Y
I
11*677 falctus /)<.:.
eickle-podded 'Vi AA 32 jnjl
L U Siberia
jn.au
10678
uligiiiaue
W.If. marsh
N.N. Amer.
Amer. l2.
1732. g" Dodar.mcmlJ
(i.v
11
jl.au
Carolina
A
1IJ679
carolininus
jl Yra.Y Siberia W" Sal
1" i .Ii ; , - '. woolly
* A l jnjn.au
D il **?
Jac.au-!-2"
10O4I
;1|.W." 1,ir.s Dec semibilocular
& A 2U jn.j
YW Europe
-*
1(1682
Ccer
bladdered
1|*1
inr.
S
jn.jl
>,
carnosus
Ph.
fleshy-podded
-
._,
-*
5
al
Elg bolM
N.
Amer.
1811.
fu
1068+
caryocrpus B.If.reg. swelled-[>odded
fc 31 Jnjl
Y 0 Briuin 1|>
10685
1 jn.jl
jnjl YY Siberia 1739.
lotj&i glycyphyllus
mientphflkM W. sweet
small-leaved A
nS PU
UXi.47 trimstris W.
Egypt.au
3 O 2J jn.)
181..
ltkKs
Bocera
If.If.en. hook-podded
horned
-* O 1 jn.jl
liiil
Spain 151".
10689
hamosus
21 jl.au
jiLjl
Siberia 4.
10690
caiialicuUtus
If.
in.
channel.)odiled
176* SS ^.tl
10691 contortuptictus if. wave-podded - 3 jn.jl
Europe
Europe }7
.j^tTllt*
1061>2
l'licus
IF.
trinng.-podded
-*
S.
g
S
Pu
10693
Stella
W. W. en. star-podded
A 1 Jjlau
Pa.Y Caucasus 1820. tl Bot"-*
jl.au
10694
ajiceras
Goat's-homed
IM
1095 brachyerpue Bieb. short-fruited - ljn
YVI Nepal lfji
lOiW stipultus . M. largc-stipuled 1 jn.jl
jn.jl
cruciate
106!"7
eiuctus
Link
Siberia
1 jnjl
jn jl
whorled
lOrVS
verticillris
W.
Europe 182J
, S.Egypt
Bird's-foot
10699
sesmeus
If.
JPu
U
jnjl
10700
annularis
ring-podded
Spain
1<
Pu
i
jn
jl
10701
pentaglottisIf. If. rough-Spanish
S. Europe 17J/. 106.
I jn.jl
10702 epiglottis
heart-podded -*
10C4S
, Ute,
> Propagation,
rihn lentil;
Culture,and > ue frMn fuyu,
.
1J Phaca.
or fuur, .u the Greek name of th lentil, and
wK*5
lierbaceou.
plants,
Ith
Ihe
habit
of
Astragalu.
aembling
Astrag
15SU. (Wrop,,. rmm po.te.1, and
a kccL A gel.ue ent.relji re
* 11
but
considered
diatinct by rnodjrn
botanisU.
. to one nf""JS'^btt
,ir leguminous ff' ery *
t.,,
,"<*was a name
givencomposed
by the Greeks
known
to htch. ThtTM.moul.,.
g(,llu,Bi,
of planta,
the greater nuro of "hich
0>nti IV.
WADELPHIa D'ECANDRIA.
rill sasti^^^
ftyle half 2-ceJIJ
at V*
une. , ky. Seaim ]n J"""r- "Hatetl 2-11 ptate

-N* KSSStcmla. civ. , ''^'""^leafaK*ensilky, Heade few-fl.
talbvl du.
.^
xili
"y, Kncei^n filiform
ES 1 S"!*
loggerfleshy
thari leaf
moeettile, rode
ubulate with .
i*
j
^ fe n.m,'i S1 |* lar, prt M. .
arc iwcct. with .
Class XVII. 10,

638
D.J
Eng. bot 37* j" '-
sa-hea. D's.1 Jac.au*,UlB
Pu Britain
10703
hypotfttie
W. Austrian or }jn.j.
Austria 1640.
PL Siberia
i.jl
D
tl
1070*
nustrtacui
W.
1804.
Vi Germany 17t*. D s.1 Pall
Keta.astrat.13
obs.3.L
woody
1U7ii5 (Yutirsus W.
14 jnjl
Jnjl
-
or
D
tl
1,1
and
10706
arenrius
W.
.
177ft Dil 01my.au W
M
cab.
M
Je or %my.jn
dwarf-white
10707
1cucoihic'us
W.
Euro|
1772.
W
DU
Bot.
cab.
43S 'Vis ;
-t oror \ myjn " Austria 1816. S tl (luihistlLffl
depressed
TOB
deprcssus
I,im '.tail Je or \ jn.jl I'u Spain 15 S .1

1<j709
leoiUlnus1. Jac mall-Spanish
- w or J jl au Pu China 1763. D s.1 Pl.rar,hun.U
10710
Chinese-annual.*
llttBldSj
711 Gltux
sinicus W.
Europe
1 il.au W.Y
I)D s.1s.l Jtt.aulUfl
JkJ: or
white-Italian
10712
lbidus
W.
Austria 17".
1640,
Pu Siberia
tJ( "pu
10713 Onobrychis
If. rplp-spikcii
1804.
D s.1 Jac.ind.3
Doc.a*trsg.t*
jn.aU
Jt3t eloror U1f

xmaiin's
1071+
Laxmnni
W.
Siberia
175R
jn.jl Pu Armenia 1806.
inflated
715 i.hys&tes
bladdcrcd or 1*)n . Pa.Y
ln7lfi
haficicabusLam. goat-scented
1683.
Pa.Y Barbary
10717
caprinus
if.
180 DD s.1s.1 PalLastug-tw
Botmse-J'i CI0
YPu Tartary
5 or jn.jl
1
fw. W. long-flowered
10718
longiftrus
IF.
France
1710.
jlau
719ib iongmors
mom|<esu.ii*B*
MontiHiUer
Montpd.
17.W.
D
SJ
itit*1
Pu
*
jn.jl
10720
hoary
If87. 1) s.1 J.
Bu.ccnj.tLYY Hungary
10721 incnus
exscpus W.IV.
hairy-podded
Armenia
1.91.
,11 my.j
my.jl
D8.l
."
10722
tragacanthodee
W.
Armenian
Pu Pyrenees 1791- s.p DenibrA
10723
W. W. gt-Goat's
awned Thome. or 1 my.jl
my.jl Pa.Y S. Europe 16*0. s.? Park.thcaLt.
10724 aristtui
Tragaentha
10725 Poterium W.
em.Goat sThorn- or i jnjl W Levant 1640.
Sp- L
n. ill t. S3
Leguminosa.
1.W5. BlSER'UULA.ff. Hatchet Vetch. pr 1 jl.au
Pu S. Europe 1640. S IP
10726 PeJeciiuis If.
Sp. 9-19-,_,Leguminosa Vera
DaLEA.
IMA Cliflbrtina
DA'LEA. W.
P. S. Vera
Cruz 1737. SS Linn.
Mich.m. tt*
*Pa. Missisipi"
pr 1 jl.au
Cruz
10727
1812.
l.au
0
lr
Fox-tail
10728
aloiecuroUlei
If.
Louisiana
1811. DD
Lau YW Louisiana 1811.
3t pr 26 jl.au
golden
JO?'-? ai'irea PA.
P*pr 5 jl.au Pk W. Indies 177S10730
laxinora PA. If. loose-flowered
nineileaved 1PI
10731
N.Mex.co
Spain 1780.
1 .n Pk
or
leafy
10732 enneanhjlla
citrioilra W.
Vi
or 4M an
downy-spiked
Mexico 1780
18 s. . Bot*;
10733
Lagime W.W.
Hook-ei1*
Pu
9.11
i_Jor
changeable
10734
mutbilis
S.
Amer.
1817.
Y.B
S
or
two-colored
10735 bicolor W.cn.
leguminous. C G. im.
Psoralea.
+I5ii7,
PSOltA'LEA.
If.
t my.jl . G. H. 17:>."..
73
W. '. wing-leaved
ray jl . G. H. 1774.
L_Jor
fragrant
10737 pinnta
odoratis'sima
L_Jor 34 Jnmy.au
warted
1774.
10738
verrucosa
W.
jl Fu CG.
S il
l_Jor
1731.
prickly
107SB nculeta f.
.CG.G. H.
H.
1 , -,
uJor 4. jn.jl
oval-spiked
1774. 8 1R Botrcp.4
10740
bracteU
W.
H.
"*m*Jgo
jl.au
long-spiked
IT
741
spicta
W.
G.
H.
Ii JaM^hS
5
jn
jl
Ic.itos
1793.
10742
aphylla
W.
C.
G.
H.
1
L_Jorr 32 au.o
17!. S ul Bot cab.?* ' m
I074.
multicafilieW.IV. manv-8talked
G.G. H.H. 1774.
mr.jl W.I
tine-leaved t.* L_l
10744
VV.U
CG.
L_Ior 32 ap.my
1713. p.1 Jc.Kl-l!B "
1074.1 tenuifolia
decmbens W. trailing
H.
my.au
W.
hairy
i i 1,1or 3 | Br CG. R 17W.
10746
W. W.
Stacnys-leaved
47 hlrta
Stchytiie
G. H. 1774.
creeping
%* i_J
iAJ or ljjl-au . S. Europe
UM
10748
rpens
W.
bituminous
i I or 44 ap.8
1074!)
bituminosa
W.
Peru
" inj
my.au
Pa.
Mexican
tea
vreu
10750
glandulsa
W.
C.G.H.
3
eau
Pu
107.1
iI cor 2 ap. Vi Levant .
17. S 0.1 '
1075! !unculita
lalanitlna IV. rc^. flat-hcacled
Paleatino
EE
10719
Hory, Use, PwpellM. CMurt.

, ,, .bout IJ i
1Inthickiios,;
Poma, flowering
in Julybran.
and1.Augu.t
It riK. two
or threeandfeetcovered
only m witl |ir|fale,,
wie. "jil.-
with
many
,loidy
crow.Ic.l
together
f
ili.h
ftime! Brom the petiole, of the former year. The leaves which
^ lhc mi.l-rilJ
,h
with
'"M a sharp
i or ix,
seven, ,,t.
or eightTilepaindower,
of oppooite,
of . ,
yellowish
are small,villous,
yellow,stiff,andpointed
proceedie.mm. pilioosccoo
cottony brades. The cilyx is five-toothed, and shorter than the c"ro1!^"wcalher, in <n^,E5* !
moreon orthelessplantcopiously
according
UJ theA ^^"^^
f the
summer.t-, dry
eut Trap""'1'
to Aleppo. ^*
which arclu allowed
before being
Collected,
large
tin
"'"> that,ta
of acacia
gum,Nid,.
ill being
,m ' 3 . I
" .ilicated
(/*.
Jmtn.precipitated
IvUL 30.). byor tM
the sul*r''.'_hatei,f
oxysulpMl iron.
Calesrent d
L numero,,, txncil wtaSte
"S"*"'- -
gii if only
vede.
Dnlv Iluwio.
'
. j! !>" 'me. blunt
raneiih .'._u"^ aaa 1-S.flowered.. Branche waited

"'es imbricated
sa
^5?^ ^*^ nvo,cred
1073
"Item
107 \.eiu' ''**"' Particular*.
745 ,**^07~""
S*
GthawuSl*!^ *hePurpom
ofthe acaciaowing
gumto; itsbeingeven
betteradapted
for allaying
ticklingcough,
***BMI"'i
fnwmitcetiiical
tatjrr,,al
affections,
great
viscidity.
It
ii
chiefly,
however,
nd uii ' ?*?- Whommm't London Dupcat.-toru, 187.) The seeds of A. bceticus
areemployed
coasted,
> 0,i ' na rom.
bUiiuctw-'e,
for codec
in
Hungary.
and
u-rtula,
a
little
saw.
The
pod*
arc
tootMelted
on
each edge.
J*b
DiU<i
\S
gT"
H'y
the
Grreks
to
Pbint
called
by
the
Latins
Securidaca.
BBtury. There
^
Dale, anof aEnglish
botanist, who
the little
beginning
the hut
- borates anothcr
"a'e. an author
r"liarmacologia.
Theselived
are inpretty
pUnts,of with
the
ciw are'"ovenM "r?***'* wartcd, on account of the numerous little tubercles with which most or
*nd
i y ?oun?
4i
a chiefly
; somethey
of them arc ornamental,
and allP. arc
ofeasy
d-rootvrwatatV*
of ,
cuttings
sandlowor shrubs
seeds,
which
in abundance.
esculenta,
cultivated
m inMissouri,
and other
parts ofproduce
that country.
In thU climate
it will
CunXVIt :
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA;
Ja&scb.UK
pJ
MadeiraH. 1640.
Madeira
i_J or 2jLau
S p.l Bot mag. 8 mm*
10753 amer.cna W.
CG.
1793.
jl.au
beaded
*
t_J
p.1
10754
capitata
W.
India
1739.
VI
Hazel-leaved S r 53 jn.jl
p.pi Punh.imer.t
10755 coryliflia W.
1811.
Pu Missouri
jn.il
Bread-root 4
Louisiana
181
L
10756
esculnta
Ph.
3
jngl
larte-rooted
or
pipi Bot mag 2063
10757
cuspidate
1812.
Carolina
small-(lowered ^ for 23 jn.j
0758
lAipinlluPh.Ph.
Carolina
1814.
au Vi
10759 melilotofik's
Mich. Melilot-like
.
U.
H.
181*.
Pa.pu N. Amer. 1818. p.lpi Butnug-O
63 my
Bot reg
tree
10760
arlirea
/.
au
3t4fl
rough-podded
10761 onobrychie Nutt. divaricating m{ I 3 au Pu
Ainer. ISS.
IS'X pipi
Pu Mexico
10762
divaricta
IV.
en.
Do 2
10763 pubscens IK . downy
* 16--,rJ
Lefitfminosce,
wag. SSM
1598. MELILOTUS. J. MLILOT.
Germany
156x. SS Bot
plu.alm.L*5.C*
L.B
O ii 32 ju.ii
10764
caerulea
P.
S.
blue
Indi
W
S
10765
ndica
P.
S.
Indian
India
98.
10766 nigulsa IK en. white-Indian O i 3 jn.au W Sicily W S
M. parvifioraP.Desf.
3 jn.au YLY PoUnd 1778. S pLrar.hunl t>
un
10767 roesaannsis
'. Sicilian
un 23 jn.au
polish
10768
Y Hungary 1801.
ii
un
18pl. DU "Jl PLrar.hun-LL" lyT
10769 polnica
macrorhjaP. S.P. S. long-rooted
31 jLau
jn.au YY Hungry
Britain bus.
toothed
10770
denUta
P.
S.
jl.s
1(>.11
10771
officinalis
W.en. common
5
3 jl.s YW Europe
white-flowered
un
Germany
ISIS
10772
vulgare
17
IKW.
tr. en,
em. rough-podded
imooth-podded 5 Q)
Q>
Ul1 32 Jn.i
Germany
181. SSS Camer.hort.tS
10773
Kochina
W
jn.i
774
PetttpierrenaWxn,
)
IUdy
IS
10774
2lijn.au
jn.au YY Candi S Eng. Dt
O "
10775 PetitpicrrenalK.t'n.
itlica
hoa. *S
10776
crtica P.P. S.S. P S.Italian
Cretan
1 jn.jl RY Briuin
un
un
Barbary bar1786.
10777 ornithopodio.de
BirdVroot
un 2 jn-jl
10778 mauritanica Schoutb. Moorish
Tauri 1824. S
M. tutctaLink.P. S hooked
Qun 1
10779 hamsa
Sp. I. 1741. D Bot mag.879
,.M LUP1NASTER. Ph. Baktahd-Lopub
Siberia
10780 pentaphllu PA. live-leavcd
Sp. 60140.1794. p J
Virginia
1600. reflexum
TRIFO'LIUM.
Trbkoil.
1 J J
10781
W.W. J. reflexed
S.Hungary
Europe 1805.
10782 angultum
angular
10783
strlctum
W.
upright
10784
hybrulum
sr saga
10785
MichellnumIKIKP. S. mule
Italian
SSSr
Briuin
10786
CBMpitsum
turfy
America mea.
17!. Deo
V iJ Pottos* I*
10787 rpenj IK
white Clover
10788
comAum
IK
tufted
Italy ISO*.
177'- RD . .
10789
alpinum IP.P. S. I>ale
Alpine
Carinii
10790
1079! pallscens
subterrneum W. subterraneoui
Barr, ic 859
10792
globsuin
IK
globular
gS I
10793
Cherlcri
IK
hairy
Montpel.
1787.
S
J
10794
pictum IK W. painted
10795
burr
Hungary 1801.
10796 Uppceum
(HfiWim IK
diftbse
History, Ute, Pmpaealio*, Ort.

frooB.^""
grow
in thethose
openofir,
requin
protection
of sit frame
to P11".
22-) Lotus, 8.1 "C. '
used like
thebut
potatoc
in thethecountries
where
is a native
ir Jmert()t.tlie
lur"
1598. MelUolus.
FromM.JW.
honey, isand
Ml
These l>^"4
Gruyerewhich
cheese,' 'V'T.iih
favorite
resort
ofita becs.
officinalis
themixture
chief ofingreihcnt
intheBv"" .,' h0a,tura(!e
1
no
doubt
owes
cliicf
excellence
to
the
herbs
to
bruieed
mix"
valley of Gruyre, but partly aUo to the flouers and seeds of this plant, men
curd1599.before
it is pressed
,.little, .bfJ^Se&W!
. . niant, with brig
is towith
say, three
Lupine-like.
pretty
of ,bf"Konch,
; Europe""
1600. ofitinfnntler.
7V&oH^.
AThat
plant
leaves;the Athe
;.;~,
ot the >upenonl
adopted
^lccm
to
'rtfotf
the
English.
This
genus
includes
two
most
valuableJ"?Jthc
ij
'
hW
agriculture,
the
while
and
red
Mover.
Notwithstanding
all
that
has
"f"
a"L0'kind,
yet
!
riants
-tover,
andandortncthcwhit,!
excellence
offorsaint-foin,
andarc,various
U-guminosie
the
PJ J ;,xrelmedium,
j rfhera"p ^ i"
S,V
'
p:.sturae,
and
probably
ever
will
be,
">imu
umvTT\"-.
ThcfyclC
elOMtVT others.
procumfel,
and the cow
cto much
ft, Wd ! ,,,,
ym
"
inferior
The meadow
cloverorhutismeadow
atheuseful
Th ,?! i^^r'""me"l
p.ituresto the
the yellow grows
on poor soils,
berusuj. oaU
; hutjtj tOT
wSl^SS?
deei. sandyis loam,
wtichmatter
is favorable
thattoe o. Brewll '
oy son, prc.iM itforbcclov"
d congenial
calcareous
to clovers,
OjTlIR IV.
DUDELPHIA DECANDRIA.
axillary dense
bpikes axillaryMdense
Wes ^ Bractes Ith lon,
*i=55^g
lembralmus
4 WNU,,, ^""""^"^.'-c.fleueuipt. toothed
*^^^:~7-"' ^^ Stemsd.^
,
, beavci qunate sessile

S P* WiftS .,pi- deeded
<(
IV/VI
^'lh ion clover .J,"" Misc<
""J0796
plants
a dry soilfeeandol climate,
Kurope,
andisproduction
oarm temperature
and
"re
produce.most
seeddelight
underboth
suchincircumstances
but
as the
of M is; lily
53K ;'iIill,m',;i,it .,,,., ruber moWsPTOTUtod It be . *
^^?^?i5SMprin,
corn-seed
from February
My; but
'',, frT Aulwt Octoberf and wTicnthethey
are sownUrne,by orthemselves,
that t<.isûnaccom
^'wS'n thf'!""ft
be sun,
foundthan
the when
best sciuon.as
thein spring,
young and
plant,remaining
are less tenderand
liable_toJ*M
08"
>
the
sown
lone
unshadedup
^ d7 ather
o always
July. hroad-casL When sown with spring corn clover ai|dpass.see..s
iwallyp","'*'"!!.!'
almost
lh"lvci.^,,c<llalcllr
after the orlandthe hasharrows
been ;pulverized
corn-seed
l"WiaWTtab,0;ecou''re
or, if the bycomharrowing
is drilled,inthethesmaH
seeds arcand
sown
> the "'c "altsr hand-hoeing ; and the land is then finished by a course ol the harrovi. . .
'1rs .1,"i, , tie
,i,ow,"g,
orne
consider
it
best
to
sow
the
clover
and
rye-grass
scpa""one seed and lightness of the other, are unfavorable to an equal
that
Cbabs XVIi.
DIADELPHI \ DECANDRIA.
642
W
AlofEur.1821.
S
il
Pu Barbary 1817. S -.1 DoitalUm i
alpine
-* \. jl.au
10797
Pert.
jl.au
hispid
188* SS ilal Ail pral M I-107! nricura
htspuliiin
Detf.Lhc. goft-flowered
1my.jl
jLau Pa
Pu Switierl.
I*
170
r.iuKitiithum
D.K
b\ Europe 1816.
1631 U Jar.atuUt 'ay
rock
>
10800
s.ixtile
W.
Jn.s
long-spiked
Pu
Britain
me.pa.
U h.l Eng. bot
10801
rbens
W.
2
iny.e
common
Clover
g
England
N. Amer. dr.pa,
1811. DD Lnh.l Eng. bot 4
10802
pratense W.
Pu
.Buffalo Clover ljn-* DP
10WiiieylvnicumW.)
Europe 17811. 9 JatatatAt
Cow-grase ii
10804 mdium (f.
i1 t*
Pu
Morocco
1
SS al JjC0OI.lt*
10805
alpestre . ir. m. oval-spiked
jn.jl
large-bracted
Q)P[
W.
Hungary
1751
10B06
bractctura
Bot. mag. l
1
jn.jl
|
Hungarian
vv.v
Caucasus
1803.
10807
pannnicum
W,
1
mv.jn
pi J jnJl Pa,pu Britain sal.m. SS al Engl*,, gray
10608
Pa.pu
Sp
un
IS.
S
al
1(809 canscens
marUimum7. teasel-headed
Italy 18(0.
1*6. SS al Bot.
various,leaved pipi 1 ft Jl W Hungary
10810
pi .mag.Im 3s,.
lt.*
1081
1 squarreum
inearntum
W. fleah-L'olored
Eng bot i
1t jujl
England
dr.pa.
D
al
pale-flowered
nowcrea
^
*"
10812
pfilHdum
W.
Sul
myjl Pu S. Europe 1640. 8 al Barr..<.**
liur-coloredgt
Ujn.au
sulp'
1
'
10813
ochroleeum
If.
(i. H. sanft.
18S. SS al
ilrrOn-^V- jn.au Pu .Britain
10614
anguetiflium
, woolly-leaved
10815 laeioccphalum
F England
'-foot w 1 jl.au PI
10616
arvnee
W
Levant
DU 9S aal ..
Alp. .1
starry
10817
11j jn.au
,*2
W
179. S alsj Eng. M. W
10818 atellatum
clyuetum orienta)
W
Britain
san..S
jLau
white
10819
luidum
J: 1 rayjn Pk England
10820
scbrum
rough
Britain gra.pa.S
bar.gr. S s.al g*5*ffi
bug. MU! "1
i *w J" Pu
round-headed
10821
glomertum
soft-knotted
10S22rtritum
%Y
dals
a!
E^bot
I
nil
Egyptian
10823 alexandrnum
sultbcated w i o.jl
10824
Pa.pu France
Morocco 180-'8S s.
1 j ujl
1771.
*
10825 euffoctum
involucrtum involucrated
n.jl Germany 171J. 8 Bair.uttT_
J;
10826
spumsum
bladdered
Plrar.hu.-*
i3 illnjlU Pu
un
1805, SS tsi Mag.moMtt
resupinate
10827
reeupintum
W S.Hungary
Europe1640.
recurved
10828
recrvum
P. S.. woolly
Eng. I' IMIII-,
njl Pu
\*> ' iI jLau
10829
tomentsum
F
Slr.twU-hcaded-& or 1 Lau W Europe
17.
1>g c* .
10S30
Barr.icW1,
...
lOS.'il fragferuin
montnum mountain
j n.au YBr Eiiriil 1778. U . Bot mag. a"
villous-stalked
i3t '
10832
bdiura
P.
S.
bay-colored
Pr
1752.
D
s-'
10833
spadtceum
LirKO-flowered -* el I m.U
Canda 1815. D 8.1 Flor.dan. t.?
10834
epecisum
bot*
Y Eurf.|)0 dr.pa.
1 Ijnjl
Su 6.1s.1 Eng.
18.5
agrrium .. . golden
Eng. bot g! lv<\
jnjl YY Britain
Hop
-*
g
10S36procmbens
Britain
lesser-yellow
-*
O
w
4
W1.,
10837
minus H. .
I myol YW.v Britain
slender-yellow
JO*
MB
Si...il
Cat'-tail-head.
O un ii myjl
10H.S1 nlifrmc
phleofdea .
myjl W Spain S 1 l-0
upright
10840 Btrictum A
BinnVFooT Trbpoiu
1601. dulia
LOTUS.
esculent
-* O clt tl.au Y s. Europe Ii 13- " "
10841

10842
peregriiue
flat-podded -* P' 'ljl.au Y 10811
10813 '
'
The quantity of aeed varie from eight to fourteen pounds per acre newr isU 01 P it
the quantity
grans-seeds
sown, ,4c. The
-",
any
tunea orofrather
hard h.xli^'whieh
mayafter
appearculture
.... theI cli.vcr
urfac m1 tl . ' r , g. 4rw*nS
AtJ*J^wrf
wa
on.
and
cutting
out
by
the
mot,
any
thistle8,docks,
or
oilier
I.ili
>".
,
;
the
not
Mrln'n
In.uld be mlled once to smooth it Tor the acytbe. Tili operation i. I.t
as|lcij at this
j^ft
March. imclicengiveparticulnrlv
a top-drcsaing
of soot, gylbuin,
common
lime,torI 4no>|-
"
. ,0tnc other
n- I
necessary
gypaumhaa
recomnimided
as
a
top-dressing
ani
because aa their nahe affbrd that substance ill considerable quantities, it aw
nK ]nIll
ofThe
theirtaking
food. of the clover, or clover and ryegrass crop, is either
... .tiyctitr
,;.
for soiling.l10!".;'
.DJ dg
,_,.! .irin.
ni men
> important
hay, or h) pasturing. It ia observed in The Code of Agriculture,. that it ' a(i,antage J" fsummrii
i lwl' ;t
urine or tile pasturing stock : but the duiig lining dropt in irregular 4ua"''j; a
herNai,-1
llic.und.-i*"EPati1
hen
insets,
loses
Inii.-h
of
its
utility.
If
the
dung
...'Tl'T
itil i. devi.iivMlb
ueviHirtxl
liv
insects,
iiiu.
li
ot
.
~^
.
,,r,ri4T
si
'*'
'
'oil'"S.
M h'7.
appliedof ato thick
the laud
in one
body al foVny
J -^. "
|h'1K. u,K,n Kt
the rill'
would be more
elfWctual.
'Ae ere
amotiier
crop,i"irormly
toVa.%onS
" wB ^
' \'"0V.'1S'
Priinuito
its fertility:
and taken
it hasarter
liceuclover
irettythatunif
ithwlbrti,ni ..
"eteription,
that oats
has been, cut, eitncr
Th!,
i
clvc'r
Pastured
by
sheep.
.,
w
,oils
is
from
",iu<r-hM.
ere. dd.r
c'"ver.haV,
without n,a'k,;,
any mixture
of rye-grass,
on tb**"^
in thu state
in the London
il BlcroU
sella twentj
per cent, higher
n* than mead"
Ordir IV.
', hairy,
leetnof
calyx
setacee
mu
107(IStemflcxuosehairv,
Leal oix-ortl.
Cal.
camp,
lined Stem
' pt'
"*
, I - 11)600
Leave*cylindr.
obovntcoU.hirsute,
terminal
minute,
erect""' * Lea. 1 tre
KIWI Spikes
TeethHcade
of caLlateral
villouiand; lower
as long
ai
monopetalous
minute,
-., .. unequal cor.
-}*
dense
ovate,
Stipule*
awned,
1,\
oval
nearly
entire
108IJ. Leafl. ovate
ellipt. blunt entire,
Stipule
awned,
ovate
cylindr.
solitary dense
WSHSpiket
lax ubKlol)0
Stipule
subulate,
Leafl.Spii.es
ellipt.lane
tinclylinely
serrulate,
flexuo
\t iM 10805Spikesdenst
subglobosesol.twin,
Stipules
setaceous,
I.
serrulate.Stems
Stemsbranched
quite simph
10806 Spikes
Spikes ilcnse
ovate ohL
conical
soL sessile.
tmtmsimple
blunt straight
; . 10HO7
elliptdense
solitary,
I-eafl. Corolla
old. lanemonopetalous.
entire cmarg.Leal,
vill. Stein
10808 Spikes suhglolK>*e
ovate lax sol.dense,
Leall.Lean,
obovate
cmarg. villous,
Stemat simple
ascending
10SJ9Spikes
obovate
serrulate
end
hairy
i 10810Spikes
obL somewhat
hairy, Lower
toothlane,
of cal.
very long
reflexed,
Stem herbai
10811
Spikesobi.
villous
blunt
leafless,
Leafl.
roundish
obcordnte
ovate
crenate
villous
10B1SSpike
sol.
roundish.
Stipules
membranous,
Leatl.
roundish,
Edge
of
corolla
heart
, 10BU
10Spike*
villous
elliptical,
Stem
erect
branched
downy,
Leafl.
obi.
:
lower
olxordatc
Spikes
vill.
conical
obL
Teeth
of
eal.
sitaceous
nearlv
equal,
I.eafl.
linear
Leafl. linear, Calyx
hairysetaceous
with lan,\longer
subulate
: 10B15
1U816 Stem
Headserect
very hairy,
hairy sutnylindrical,
Cal. teeth
thanspreading
the cor. teeth
Leatl. narrow
' jm 10818
10917 Spikes
Spikes ovate.
hairy ovate.
Calyxes
much lower
spreading,
Stein
diffuse,Luic.Leafl.
nbcordate
Calyxes
spreading:
tooth
very
large
Leafl.
obovate
119
Hibglol^se\talked,
lower tooth
Leafl.recurved,
oblong Uli ol>cor. serru.
lOdffl Srik
Heads term,
and axill ses*,Cal.
ov. spreading:
Cal. teeth unequal
narr. subulate
lane, rigidlinear,
at length
10821 Heads
Heads terra,
roundandaxilLov.
axilL sessile,subeol.
TeethsuIkcss.
of cal. equal
subulatespreading
rigid, straight
Lean, obovate
serrulate
WSa
Cal.
strit,
hairy
with
unequal
teeth. U'.ifl.
ohenr.
lOeaHeadsobL
stalked,
Cal.
viH. : teeth
subul unequal,
Upperlane,lvs.acuterecurved
opp. Leafl. ellipt.longer
tonihletted
[entin
H BftS
Mii
Headssessile
lateral
roundish
fmootbum,
Teeth
ofcal.
than
cor.
. nearly
Heads vate,
orbicularCal.stalked
a round
toothedsmooth.
involucre,Comm.
Stipules
awnedmembranous 5-leaved pubesc.
Heads
Heads
in fruitinovate
ventricose
involucre
V lOSffl
Kflfl
roundish,
of fruit
inflatedrecurved,
membranous
I-eall.
obovate acute
Heads ov.
obi. CalCor.of resupinate.
iruit inflatedCal.
naked,
Branches
Leafl.downy,
setaceous
serrulate
I9 Head* "^. Cal. offruit inflated
membranousdowny,
Teethpubese
obliterated
[creep. I*afl.
V, S!He,d>uPonlong'talksround.
Cal. alter
flow, inflat
membran.
: twoofteetli
IJ1 Spikesabout:! somewhat mil ricatwl,
Standard
subulate
withering, Cal.
naked setacc,
ifM wWkjovalimbr.
J* round imlir.Vexillum
Standarddeflexed
deflexedpersistent,
persistent, Leafl.
1.obovate
obcord.: serrate,
Stem
intermediate nir
sesStem_ fle:
{Spikes
. with
ere, Standard
roundish
toothletted
UBS
Spines oval
imbr.reflexed
Standardflo"deflexed
persistent,
TeethHatofcal.
subulatepersistent,
unequal smooth
5Spikes
imbr.
Standard
deflexed
SS
, e oval
ov\ imbr
si
**capit
hemispha?rical,
Pedunc,persistent
straisrht- sulcated,5 Stems procumbent, I*afl. obovate
laxoffew-f
ri'l'Ward
,
lm rnu. obovate hairy

Stem procumbent
10SJ0
ula, byt
lt2 rcr illh
"jius rectus has by some been
Clam XVII.
.
644
il
Madeira
1777.
'-:
1
jn.au
VflRtnahtJl
glaucous
OI
S .!
10843
glancus
W. V. Anthyllis-likc Li_lpr f jn.au
C.France
G. H. 181.
10844
anthylloidcs
1683. S s.1 Bauli. Witt
G> Pr 11 jl.au
10815 angustlssimus
narrow-podded
Hungary
jl.au
9S s.1s.1 Eng bol
slender
England rock.
10S4fi
gr&ilie W.W. % . elender-podded
-* P*pr *1] my.jn
Portugal
180ft
10847
ItIS
jn.jl
S s.1 Jacvini
Arabia
177A
10848 diffeus
coimbrnsis IV. Portugal
mag.
red-flowered
i- 1 I Prcl 2t!u
10849 arbicus
W.
N.CreteS. W. l'^S.
1803. SS s-1lo But.
ALpaUlAtl
my.s
New
Holland
10850
austris
H.
K.
jn-jl Sicily lWx S s.1 Car. ic. t lw
Dioscorides's Q Prpr 11 jn.au
10851
Dioscfiridis f. W. claw,podded
Bot mag. 73
10852 ornithopodioldei
dark-flowered . ( I or 2 ja.d D.Br C.Verd.Ii.1714. r.m Cav.it 2. tl5
10853lleus
jacobas'us W.
yellow-flowered
P
Levant
1680.
jn-"
eilver-leaved
D P-l Watist&Ki.
10854
creticus
W.
Hungary
miff 336
slender
-*JU**- 1i
]I PrPrP-" 21 jn.au
a Europe 1816.
ltt- I) pl Bot
108.55
tenuis
f.&K.
gor.sltlWB
jn.au
hairy
&
Europe
1640.
10856
hirsiitus
W.
Bot mag- 1)J,
upright
Pr 31J jn.au
D
s.1
Barbery
1B0*.
10857
rectus
if.
jn.au
10858
oilortue
. X.W. sweet-scented
Spain
181+.g D1> s.1J Cit.ta.iLi?
EngbotS1
jn.au
long-peduncled
-*-*fc iAI
"praB Ilijn-au
Britain
w.sh
10859
peduncultus
greater
jubij
major
&.
**
et.^.
*
a
Britain
pas. D1) Eng bot1-
10860
mjor
.
II
jn.au
106 comicultus E. B. common
-* 4 1 jl.au
S.
Europe
1751
;
108
cytisotdes W. downy
'un 1 jl-au: - BarlHtry 1810- SI) Deslsltll
Vent eels, t*
18;
small-flowered
108 parvinrus
Gcblia /'ent
Aleppo
ft. lAled
1 my.jn rn Aleppo
Sp. - D
osar.
1602. TETRAGONCLOBUS. RM. .. .
Europe
10865
Roth. sea
S. Europe 16BJ
1. I)
10866 marltimus
sillquusus .
square-podded -* or 11 ji.au
cily 1796. S Bot. nu- 1=1
10867 dulis .
VVinged-Pea -* O jl.au D.U
tetragonolobus
IV.
10868Lotut
conjugates
in*. twin-podded
-* O or 1 jl.au y MontpeL 54. S s.1
"
Sp. 19-32.1741. S pl Omet
leguminosa. Sillera
i *1'
1803. TlUGONEL'LA. W. Fknugbekk. un ljjjl
UmelsM-t
fea,
10669
ruthnica W.IV. round-leaved
Siberia
17. SS s.1
> un 11 jn-9
10870
France
JKJun
J"-1
SS s.1s.1 Alp.amitt,1!;
hybrid
S.Ee\-pt
Europe 1808.
16M.
10871 platycrpos
nybrida P. S.
O
un
1
jl
s
broad-leaved
1Ga S s.1 Lara.*1!1.1, :
10872
polycrata
un
I jl.au
10873
hainfiea
W. W. Egyptian
fbala
S s.1
thorny
o ft * i jl.au
SMontpeL
Europe 1710.
159710874
spinsa
W.
horse-shoe
te
10875
corniculta
W.
1710. SS s.1.1
1 4 jn.jl
Jt OO un
Montpclier
10676
W.
Sijain
1801jn.au
un
10877
Pimiatiflda W. cut-leaved
cuww
tontpel. 1W7. SS f.1
clt 2I J jn.au
10878
EE. Indies
jii
au
CD
10879 F'num-gr'cumf.common
esculnU W. en. esculent
Indien 181.;.
l"iw. SS s.1 niialB-t21"
11 jn.au
J: EU
un
Indian
Abysainia
1800. S
10880
Indica
W.
jn.au
O
un
10881
striata L. Detf. striated
SS
OO un
cancellate
18.
10882 cancellta
Tifliz
un i Kg
1820.
slender
1083
tenuis
Bieb.
Tifll
flexuose
1SJ.
PS
10884
flexusa
Bich.
TifliJ 1851 SS
neat-podded
10885
Bieb. iong
886 gladfla
elnKta 1>._
Ltiik.
^ QO un
*i^'î,e
w
Tauria
long '
.word-poddcil
Jt
un
i
ap.my
W
lau 1825. S
10887 s..
-Dec.
. prostrate
1604. DORYC'NIUM.
10888
1088 monepelicnse
herbaceum IV.W.
10858
10860 ^
sjK*11';
sunposed
.he Cytisu.pUnt,
of Virgil,
butflfcSier
.
^^.^^Zt^.*^JSS
iSSSSi
g,eenh,-,u,e
as
flowering
all
the
year.
U
.najo'
,l,u'r'
Hender"
^
while dorer aiHl cow.gr. in laying d..wn lands to r*munMlt i .
h li;sA lt*U*
(,<*"
in their favor ifuier is against them hut Sinclair, in ha work on .
,,. p s
ndlent in mcadniis. esneciallv where the soil was rather inoi. ^-*
_ .h.lburwin^JLl.
Omi IV.
S 5SS SftJS? h" SSU

smth' bxu""rods lin.
'hrce.arcuatecompre>je,i,
MbSftidiiuuallyinthreei,
three., Stem" "
herbar,.,,,,. erect. Lean, linear
Kj^"llylnthrea, Stem! hf'Shrubby Leave, silky shining
smooth, l'ode Ktr.-.;,,>,* r -i.
SfH!
^Jm"","''J.'::,?'
Stipule, ovate
' S
""1.sic,,istems
,l ,',,;' ,
< '"'<' L:îna,t\
Ca,
of "arina
linear
Heaaih,l,ed,
5u.H,ehi'e|,"T,c'lindrsl>rfling
, I * Henl, halved VJ ^'"^'downy 8
&' te:" f,moo:h', B<* Unceolate
leaflets soraewbt toothed
-, actes ve,
"ou:, Imerm^,ate
inierm
M Pod,
Pod. in pain.
pair,, Bracte,
"*
Br._ oblong ovate
. ff* comVrid ,S"v '.' "."IC1, .!*< roundish
HMSS
Wrl nij 3. . ' Pedunc notawned
5
SS?,
, '3 hra'"1
fc"M 'ir
4"",
">an leaflet
S
ver, short
MI 14!
' 'I0JI,1,J Wl di varie-,,
, ' i
>'""<'< ,4-i-r
Ii spillV
MIS S SB "near noary ere,','" K^.1**^
un.-irmed
toothed
S^'^hBlJ
entire
-~
0J''ulld uinSJ , w'f'
. ' U'av1*
freaked
ft 35!l,ffi
Sta
fuSowrt ed "*
! A5 1tha"
1
^^
.hr, cSstj^ST'
aw,,ed
,on8er
ieaf"t. leaf,
' erea " acuminate downy 0S7C
"h of calyx oyate
Tt 3
XVII, M
DIADELPHIA DECANDIUA
e-ie
MnniCK. I or 8 Leguminosa:.
. 1076.UM s. Lob.ic.lp.'.!
lfiOS. MEDICA'OO. IK. Moon-Trcfoil
Italy
1(*90
rixTea
w.IK en. shrubby
cu 4 jluiy.n YV Tauria
180. t. si
10891
cretcea
Lucent
4
g
2
injl
V
England
mena. > f.B Eng. bot.
10892
sativa
IK If. en. clustered
i
cu
1
jujl
Y
Italy
...... SU 4
10*9:5
glonierta
clammy
3 O cu
ifin.il
ju jl YY Tauria
Jac hor.vin.l$
lOSiUglutinosa
Bieb.
prostrate
Jt
cu
Hungary
I71K.
lOKI
proslrtu
W. Bieb. ihurt.podded O cu 1 jn.jl Po-Y Tint! 182} Ub sice Eng bot 1016
1089H
bnu-hycrpa
yellow
as
5
jl
Y
England
bor..
S
bot-Lp*U
Kl ,
10807
IKW.
Nonesuch 3 OO ag
my.au YY Britain L
PK SS Eng
Rotob.
J0a98 falcta
rapuMna
doubtful
curu 111 jl.au
Morii-tiLlail
OS'.)
obscura
flat-podded
Jt
jl.au
Y
S.
Europe
1S88.
S
10900
orbicularis
Jt
11 jLau
YY S.Sicily
Europe }
1816. S Moris.s.2.tl5Xs
10901
mnrginta". II'.IK . margined
elegant
J:J OO cu
cu
jl.au
lOxlegans
Snail
cu
1
jn.au
Y
&
Europe
15t S MorisJ.il.UUJ
109 scutcllta
many-fl
-Snail Jt OO cu
11 Jn.au
YY S Europe l!j
g *
1U904
Hlix 1. W.
smooth-podded
cu
jn.au
1
109bVi tomata
IKK
Turban
O cu 1 jn.au Y S. Europe Ils. S < Morksil-lS-'i
Moris.si.tbiu
10906
turbmita
art-podded
O
cu
1
jn.au
Y
S
Europe
toa.
111907
tuberculata
IK piny
Jt
OO cu
I jjn.au
jn au YY Spam
... .. *
8S Jac coll L IM
10908
aculcta
IK
Spanish
cu
ISIS
l(sS)9 granadnsis IV.en. prickly
-* OO cu
jn.au YY S Europe IS).
IN. S M Moris.siUit7
10910
Murex IK W.
hedgehog J:
cu 11 jn.au
101)11
intertxta
fringed
Jt
O
cu
I
jl.au
Y
France
* _UM Bot mag W
10912
ciliris
IK IK creeping-rooted i cu 1 JnJI Y Carinthia 1/89.
Eng h- .
10913
carstinsis
spotted
3Jt OO cu
jrvjl
myjn YY SEngland
grapa,
109U
maculta
W.
crowned
cu
1
Europe
lft.
SbS s.s.sd
70915
coronta
K
lulled
Jt
O
cu
1
jn.jl
Y
S
Europe
1800.
10916
10917 apicuUta
leutuculataIV.W. bur-podded Jt O cu 1 jn.jl Y S Europe ... S
i0900
I08a
/si W&O
109"
.
History, ofUse,thePropagation,
Culture,
the...exim'fiin
natirc J country
Vedes, whenre
this plant was brought to Crcectdura!
ici
Jk
,
Z
.
n
,
M:
arburra'
th
'" ancients,
greatinpart
h,c year,
>j
till l)ember Th T ''"""i" nwers.
In theof
air it beginsowers
to flower
April,of and
untes
bct'i
n
nL
of
s,.....
?
"""^wnich
appear
early
in
su.
,mer,
will
have
the
seeds
ripe
in
August,
";'
',hcr!where
u i" ',aen
m ion.
grows
greatmilkplenty
in Abruft
i mAdo there I *","KU?m" "f,?Spiral,
the goats
Iced upon it ; ami
withintheir
abundanceof
tothei.iake
u
.die
r
,hX>"n''?
""l
of
the
islands
in
the
Arrhipeiago,
where
Hit
TUt*
l*
heart b of dark color' ndTardT'k "' """< Ureel
rn. their beads of il I **
l "".'shrub bid, ihefaTS of any to be the Cytisus of Virgil, Columella, mi ^>
R.r cultivai,
lu hiw
>?*, ''"'
them a.Uhcales,
an excellent rbddCT,
ha.and
11>other
't^
c"i,tr,es,
yct,,tithek
wli
VI """in u.*fu'
"by t'nndia,
dntnlx>w
more surc,d,
, ,, h cr,thr,vc
Engird,iylw
w.cre we
have also ma, ySicily,
plantsAbruBO,
of this leguminous
deslrovcV "Ior , "*
, . '?t , much
,'*J f,"'
,0
te
of
"
rral
advantage;
for
in
severe
frost
it
is
very
subjert
j>
damaged, a. not to mover in former verdure before the middle or end of ;
our cold
winds,
even
.1cutting
"JTTS
(and
even
after
a
mild
winter,
it
will
gener.dlv
appear
injured
by
spring
"l,,"7/
hear
sou"
hier.)
Besides,
the
shoots
will
not
bear
culting:
m
sooncethatin ita summer,
cannot lieand
of onv
fodder.)
Besides,: and
the the
shoots
willgrowing
wot*"?
rable
J^,
thenusewillhere
not for
lie early
of anyspring
considerable
length
stems
grnoe"*di very
, not,
whole,
therefore,
itit isis not;"
thougn
cutting
of
it
will
bt,
very
troublesome.
Upon
the
whole,
therefore,
not
wortV..
,avantage
1,ul'm L'"^'I
dry,
rocky
countries,
where
few
other
plants
will
thrive,
it
may
be
cultivated
to
8!
tote,
"
ever
unlit together
Tree Medick
be for
use a fodder
in England,
yet fora place
the beauty
lbiMJ
the ye.,r,
with may
iu long
continuance
in flower,
it deserves
in everyof gooo
ga> mi ÎM
with
shrubs
of
the
same
growth.
{Did.
in
foco,
and
Martyn's
VirgU.)
.modoc
ptois
*"
.s aM.deq,
sativa.
Foin[jreiuiiarplant,
de Bourgogne, Kr.,
Alfalfa,
, and fir.e,
(from the h";, uil,
blue
rooting
seeding
uptheSpan
numerous
small ,anditbg,,
tallalsoclover-hke
inôdot
la";
spikes
of
flower,.
It
i,
highly
extolled
in
liorna,,
writers
is
of
unknown
ant)JO
^
,
Holy and the south of France ; is much grown in Persia and Peru, and mown in botn e ,)Ul itthl.
romid.
It
i
mentioned
by
Hartlib,
Blythe,
and
other
early
writers,
and
was
"XJLX,
so
rauch
exu**
the publication
liarte' Essays,
177. Butcan
though
it bte
tI,!"Ir
l a,, "alterno,,
,et lound
no ft(.r
great
thisitcountry.
anv ingood
be given
t " , u bthstliaen
d ,i lor
>' I'11""
""illreception
'1adant.-.i
elnver,in"irequires
three,.0r..i
orIf four
years reason
before
to, itsIwr'm
'lies
' .aid,''"other
reasons
is. .
rotationsWhen,t comes
the climate
ami i
~ ^ p-rhspt
young
m,
adjohng
the
homestail,
to
afford
early
cuttmg
wcMit", als, for

'* ndvantagoo
whic
te well adapted; but though It will produ t" from lb '
.XL
Umeand weeds,
farmerweu'do ! n:;t think it is (
r '.''""I. ms ofBrfi
W
the lucern
a UltiVRtOr.
bii^laml, ,utr,11l,'.i'h.t"" Weilli;'lKf>
f'alcuta,drjserving
a much the
morenotice
hanivof and
conrser plant,
1 LU,4viiHxl any wllvre excepting in some poor soib SwiUerlantL
I
ti OinnlV.
1 . ..
*ic'""
' 1
-
DIADELPHIA DECANDHIA.
10S90
Poets
lunate
entire
at
edge,
Stem
Wfl Pedum;,
Pedunc. racemed,
many-H. racemose,
l'ode arborescent
reiiiform
1-seeded,Stipules
Leafl. rhomboid
roundish
1088
legume
smooth
spirally
twisted,
entire,toothlettt\
Le..fl.
long mm
t
10893
Pedunc- racemed,
Po<u
twisted
falcate
downy,
Leafl. Iin. truncate
im
Pedunc.
racemose,
Pods
twisted
falcate
and
cal.
viscid
villous.
11.
obovatc
\ Pedunc racemose, Pods smooth eochleate twisted, Stipules toothed at base, Leafl. bn. toothed at end
10696 Pedunc,
Heads axilL
sessile, Pods
Podstwisted
half orbicular
acute lined
1-secdedtoothed at end
racemose,
falcate downy,
10898Spike*
oval,
Legumes
StipulesLean",
entire,obi.
I-ea. obovate
IWtfti Po.1* racemose
reniformreiiifirm
2-seeded,1-sceded,
Stip. toothed,
Leafl.
rhomboid
ovate
10900 Pedunc.
Pedunc. 2-.
2-fl. Pods
Pods unarmed
unarmed eochleate
eochleate orbicular
orbicular very
flattish,
Sti[
setaceous
multifid,
Leafl. obov. toothed
901
flat
at
each
end^ Folds
looseStip.
ICAfi Pedunc S-fl. Pods unarmed eochleate orbicular flat transversely
rugose
at edge,
toothed
10903
PodsPods
unarmedeochleateorbicular
convexflatatwith
base:distant
flat abovewith
10 Feuunc.
Pedimc S-fl.
many-ft.
unarmed eochleate orbicular
folds concentrically spiral fob
10906
Pedunc. 2-fl.
many-fl.
Pods
unarmed
eochleate
cylindr.
flatatateach
eachend
endwith
withimbricated
distant foldsfoldi
Hi> Pedunc
Pods
unarmed
eochleate
cylindr.
convex
lUWiT
PeJunc.
.H.
1'oils
unarmed
cochleae
cylindr.
flattish
at
each
end
with
tubercled
Pedunc
about 2-fl.
2-fl. Pods
Pods eochleate
eochleatecylindr.
cylindr. flat
flattish
at each
end,
Foldssubulate
muricated
atfolds
edge
1
Pedunc
about
at
each
end,
Prickles
nppressed
lii'10 Pedunc about 2-fl. Pods eochleate cylindr. convex at each end aculeate, Aculei straight
10911
Ptdunc
about
2-fl.
Pods
eochleate
oval
with
downy
pubescent
setaceous
appressed
retlexed
prickles
18Ptdunc
about 2-fl.Pods
Podseochleate
eochleatecompressed
oval with atstraight
subulate
downy prickles
lu!'13
Pedunc
inany-fl.
each
end
with
subulate
straight
prickle*
Pedunc,
Pedunc many-fl.
about 2-fl.Pods
Podseochleate
eochleatecylindr.
compressed
eachend
endpubesc
with subulate
arcuate prickles prickl
Hfif
flat end
atateach
withmuricate
close-pressedsubul.
10916 Pedunc
Pedunc. about
many-fl.2-fl.Pods
flat at each
withend
S netted
folds
at edge
100
Podseochleate
eochleatecvlindr.
flatateach
with smooth
lane, distich
10902
10906
J
Thewinil for |utcrn
'il,,,,,
.""pre
10908
tm.
a'ul PartiaUari.
10907
ft^'Ste ^fn; ta. been
UTaP ""* tan Z," M,,'" Horses.

., rie;-
St ,
ta V
1 a. food for
.
* s,r. Dar,
Tt 4
may Ijo of great valu ,.,

ad to
ofihe
Ci.ss XVII.
648
S
cl
S.
Europe
180
10918 demiculta
W. toothed
-*
illliffl
England . SS .
10919
muricta
prickly
Mor.iUS.111
Hungary
10920
GL-rrdi VV.W.W.
Gerarde' J
-*
D 1.1 Cav.ic.itlS
S.S. Europe
Europe 1816.
1596.
10921
marina
sea
SS 1il
1798.
1022
&S. Europe
1730.
10923 Tercblluin
tribulodee W.W. ihort-spined
Caltrope-like -
Je
sS Fl dan. 211 I
Europe
1730.
10924
rigidula
W.
thorny-podded
-*
England
10!5
mnima
W. ,
least
-*
S. Europe cruo.
17S9. S il Mor.ti.llit
10926
nigra
W.
black
-A
S 1.1 Brcyn-centtSi
1027
villous
S.S.Greeec
Europe 180.
1683.
10428 grie'ca
lacinitaW.V.en.
cuMeaved
-A
Europe
... S GO
1092 uncinta W.
hooked
-*
Leguminosa- Sp. 3. 16S9L 3 il Lon.ic.p.S.tJ
160& railLtus
HYMENOCAR'PUS.
10930
IV,
-poddedHymenooarpiisj.
-* O pr I jl- Y Italy
luij 164a S Gaa-.iemtl ' SSII
10931
circiittue
W.
kidney-podded
1"
1032nummulriuB W. en. money-leaved -* 1' J jl.au Y Italy
10914
10920 "kB" 10819 n

Hutorv, Uk, Propagation, Ctdfrt,
^ nulrti en
clover,
andtolaintfota
Timamong
resultmany,
doe. not
PT oiJJ'C^M
.grec, wir t *
attributed
lucen. aiand23Utoone39.proof,
howvery
littlewell
the analyis
u.c
perience
of
the
farmer.
.
.
.
ej
it
iB
much
eaiier
threshea,
"ib nave
.eed, the
lueempod.,
maywhich
be treated
precisely
a.under
the redthe*v.f.f,Vhrtoi
machine,i,orculUv.tcJ
cloverwc k
being
contained
in
.mall
easily
parale
Had,.at
**ffilA,
M. lupullna, Hop-trefoilTtomcUme. called Shamrock, and in Norfolk lilac* .
0dm IV.
10318 Peiiiinc m.inv ph ,
1 *
rai>bgl!.l Pod.
Prfunc. 5,^ "W (11?1 *'sht "Preying
!(, m PcJmc .T,4'C|'|M< mnewhat halrv pi .,|| subulate rtri,ghl ,10()1
jSttHH* fir
planu resembling 11
J sgj^
' 11" K> the ni
Cum Will. m
eso
Ca XVIII. _ POLYADELPHI . Stan. united into several parcel,
of .howholly
- .heofbinnen
almost
consist,
y,am. remarkable , hir"ffi
iMr S^^^SS
y^
rheobmma
themost
nutritious
substance
jhri
lorm.
the .
nus symploco.
contain,
a Lcasa^l
pUn' "'.hrt
b
m..none
the
elegant
of
New
Ho
land
planb
c
g
|
mJ the
To Citrus belong the Orange, Lemon, Lime and all.their*,noion.
ofour
garden
annuals,
classBy issome
herebotanists
concluded,
or some of '"f
" "S
till,consist,
class is distributed
among outers,
especian), Icosandrra and Polyandna.
Stamens 10 or 12.
Order 1. DECANDR1A.
. --. C-.5-lea.ei. Petal. Vfomicate^ Ntar, ^^Saig
with 2 anthers. Style Hliform. St.gma 5-pa"ed Cal. s"^' ulatc, 5-fld ^JSTpSb""
1608. ofAitat.
^%4.
outside
nectary Cal.3-leaved.
each with 3 anthers.
Style simple. N^MU
Capsulee: woody,
woouy. waned, Tal.ele, bored
of boles.
DECANDRIA.
1607. THEOBRO'MA. W. Chccoute Nut.
109.43
W. W
smooth-leaved
10934 Caco
guiann.is
woolly-leaved It
clt
or 1616 "' g,
1609.
BUBKOMA.
W.
BABTABnCEDAB
"*."'"V
10935 Guaama W
Elm.lcaved I tm 40 au.s
Abroma. T or 10 au
1604.aiigufU
'.
IIfir>;
. K. If. .month-tlked
10937 fastutu.Vea H. K. prickly.slalked 10933
Guiana
V.Jamaica
Sp. 13.171.19. pi .ttnttl*
Lp J**}is'
N.S W. 1800 Lp Par. I"*"6
Hidory, Use. . Culture

BP*":,
art in *
1607. Tkeobroma. From , God, and ,, food, >" "^10
.
v,-,call
Hie
beverage
obtained
from
it
|W.
1
f?'f'^
upright,
""4
te"
handsome .form to the ^bôf^v.^.lxtj

fc- ...
thebright
headgreen,
spreadsquite
nut entire
; Himer, .mail, reddish. mod
oblong,
color." about
three ir.che.
in diameter
: rind fleshy, near half anrnVneh
of^^^-
ripeness ^, , sms
p?, .
whitish,
consistence
of butter,
the rindHence
in .a state
lamen ...the1|
penetrate
it andseparating
reach to Brom
the seeds.
n
u casant .h'^,
e
IJ
^
a'rfalJut
en
SîS
tattling
capsuleandwhen
by thethey
i are ripe. ^^^ out ofr*&
acidity ; ofofit the
isa flesh-color:
sucked
eaten r, tbefore
grateful to the
pabte : theygathered
quickly lose their
power of vegetation,, andfruitall^rf^
i er" "in- two
from *
it. SM
they
preserve
that
power
for
a
long
time
?The
Junetreenndbears
Lieeeuim-i.
-_ - year,
-, to_ rcinain
: b^JS
rmete
the
]
icnsone
for
gathering
the
fruit
h'are '.'uffereu
feet
high,",dit .read.'m'bra'nch'e.",
not
more
thanfromve'
of %,1
*
*SS
I.remarkably
complete
,'liow,
for
fruit
tree
yield,
*
t
*.STS
S
nourishmg,
and
agreeable
to
most
|roople
;
which
"
generally
bou.
In America,
a. a neccisarv
of the
of thearefam.much
enars ..llh od, jnoagstIDi
very fme,
a little .-,n,a
ddeil. 2,5partmde
intoprovision,
paste ! they
.?
I*''
nd
"re
formed
Into
rolls
of
one
pound
each.
1 hu simple prestation of chocolate is the most natural and ou..., j, i, In daily
Cuss XVIII.
POLYADELPHIA.
!|
Abroma.
Cal.
5-part
Petals
5,
with
of stamens
10-Hd ; with 5 segments,
Mch bearing 3 Nllfaen ; the other 5 pctaloid. saccate
Styles 5.diluted
Cape.claws
5-cclled,Cup-winged,
many-seeded.
Order 2. POLYANDRIE
IfilO. Melaleuca.
of tamens
opposite tube
the petali,
long ; which
Anthersis grown
incumbent
Cape 3-celled,
,
connate,Parcel!
and included
in the5,thickened
of the calyx
to the branch.
1<>I1. Tiiilauitt.
Parcel, many-seeded,
of stamens 5,united
opposite
the
petals,
andstalked
-arcelytubelonger
than
they ere; anthers
incumbent.
Cap*,
Xcelled,
with
the
turbinate
of
the
calyx.
Itili CaMtnimnm.
PareisCaps.
of stamen*
4-5,many-seeded,
opposite theconnate,
petali {tome
cither connate
or sterile).tubeAnthers
iwrtid
ov Hieis base,
and included
in the thickened
of the
ftiljTt, which
Rrownentire.
by the base
to3-cclled,
the branch.
Itttl
Beaujortia.
Parcels
of
stamens
5,
opposite
the
petali.
Anthcn
inserted
by
the
baae,
bid
atthethecalyx,
end,
w*hieh
tn dmuunui
iohec.
Caps.
3-cclled,
1-secued,
connate,
and
included
in
the
thickened
tube
of
u
ftrou-n
by
the
base
to
the
branch.
Ml. inSifitiplocoi.
Cal. 5-fid,
superior. Petali 3-8 ; cohering at the baac in a tube. Stamena united to the
Wo
4 .CalDrupe
5-celled.
I>>15. CUtta.
WW. dry,Petals
5, oblong. Anthers 0; the filaments various!* divided. Berry 9-celled.
Kied *ihoch9mH*' CaL Ît'aved. Petals i Nectaries 5. Stamens united in 5 parcela. Apple 1-5.
It'll Uy\rricum. Cal. 5-partcd. Petals 5. Filaments many in 3 or 5 parcela. Capsule superior,
W"1-CaLâl.5-lcaved.
4-leavcd. Petals
Petals5.4. Nectary
Caps. 1-celled,
2-3-valved.
..
5-leaved.
Caps, -inferior, 1-celled, j ivalvni, raany-
DECANDUIA.
J^Lwma
smoothrepand-toothed downy beneath
Leaves entire
acuminate
l5 Leaves cordate orate acute with un
7
A^V|*i'"*nei'
: flor;i'and
v -êncsomewhat
.atBranches
unamed
Ivs. with simple
stellateacuminate
hair beneath,
Wingstoothed,
of cape. Pedunc.
Buhfjncate
end, Branches
muricated
i(oas
kl
POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
CiAssXVllI.
652
POLYANDIIIA.
MyrlacearW Sp.EL 25-30.
Bum.amb.UH
HCajeput!
. Melaleuca.
tl6I0.
MELALEU'CA.
1796. s.lp
Indies
ELpCav.ic*-1-*1
"Irte Jt dor
109&
Ialuoadndron
W. grecn-floa-ered
W. 1798.
i I or 15106 jl.s...... " N.N. S.Holl.
S.LP
1803.
109-39
viridiflra
W.
long-leaved
rc<1 * l I or 4 ...
J-P
os
1803.
10940
paludosa Br.
N.N. Holl.
sLp BoLrepsi*
lol-fruited
1791.
109*1
Holl.
liosma-lcaved sa* IIi III ororor 44 jn.jl
tip
1793.
10942 globlfcra
diosmifliuBrBr. Sty|ihclia-le.iv.
N.
S.W.
my.jn
10943
N. S.HolL
W. 1793.
Ilrooin-leaved a* Il 1I orof 4 ... Pu N.
1803. 'l:pLs.no.li.U
1(1944 styphelotdes
gcnistiflia Br.Br. striated
sl.[i Lab. novit!
1803.
N.
HolL
10945
stnu
Br.
l'u
5
...
yellow
spear-lv.
aa
i
I
or
1805. S.L0 Batm-fi;10946 thymoldea Br. scaly-branched i_J or 4 jn.jl Vu V.N. Di.
L.
179a
S.
W.
10947
squmea
Br.
l'u
Wlun-leaved
i I oror 23 jn.jl
1788. ip
10948
nodosa
Br.Br.
ti N. S. W.
sLp Ex.
toi. U
Ii
Heath.leaved |_J
10949
ericif'ilia
W. 1738.
23 jl.s
jn.jl CiPu N.N. S.HolL
iialc-flowcred
at
I
1
or
s.l.p
1803.
10950
armillris
Br.
jn.s
hook.lcavcd
*
i
I
or
1803.
10951 uncmata Br.
N.
Holl.
Bot
cab.m
f.s
rough-luaved
at* il_JI oror 32 jn.s
1803. iLpBot-mwK
10952
sr-bra
Br.Br.
N.N. S.Holl.
neat
10953
pulchlla
W. 1792.
,|.i> Bot mag.
Thyme-leavecl
atat i_J
oror 24 jn.s
1803.
10954
thvmif&lia
Br.
N.
HolL
jl.s
decussate
1
I
1893. ,.LpBoLr*l(b
10955 decussata Br.
N.N. Holl.
El.p&ottotU
63 jl.s
splendid
a*
i
1
or
17.
10956
fiilgens
Br.
S.W.
sLpBoL -
jn.au
Toad-Flax-lvd. at I I or 3 jn.au
179-J.
10957
linariiflia
Br.
N.
S.
W.
tlpBoimae.!'-
Hy|iericumdv.
i
I
or
1794.
10658
hypericiflia
Br.
N.
W.
2
Eli
Myrtle-leas-ed lii 1lor
1.
10959
squairosa
Br. permanent-cup.*
N.N. HolL
3 jn.au
or
1S03.
1U960
calycina
Br.
HolL
2
...
whorl-leaved
i
I
or
Ti.
*
10961
densa
Br.
N.
HolL
hoary
a* I 1 or 3 jn.au
10062 incna Br.
s.p Botmus 'S*

Myrtac*.
%\vf
,80.
1611. TRISTA'NIA.
Br.Oleandcr-leav.
Tristama. t_J or 6> NSW. 17 EP
1096.3
10964 nereiflia
laurina Br.Br.
Laurel-leaved 1I
or S jl.s" Y N. S.W. 180. EP
10965 confera Br.
Pittcasporum-lv.a* lor
1612.
CAI-OTHAM'NU
Lab. CALOT11A4N14.
1803. ip Bot1*
10966quadrtflda Br. four-cleft
aa L_l or Jl.s
ri! Holl. 181W.
lu
S
10967
villsa
Br.
hairy
i
I
or
N.
HolL
1803. EP
1068 greilis Br.
slender-leaved at \ 1 or jLs S
Sp.
2.
Botrti.1
.
tlfiia
BEAUFORTIA.
Br.
Beaufortia.
N.
Holl.
S
111969 deeussta Br.
splendid
all 1 spl my.jl
EP
R N. Holl.
10970 aparea Br.
alternatc-leav. i api
L p.l Cat 1.- ..154
4 tinctria
SYM'PLOCOS.
L. Laurel-leaved
SVMPLocos. 1 I I or
pl
10971
W.
Ytf
China
10972 snica AVr.
Chinese
as i (or S my
UlSLH
Aarantiace.
1615.
CITRUS.
'.
Orange-Tree.
W
10973
Limnum
Btsso Lime
Lemon
t I !I frfr 158 my.jl
my.jl
W
1074
Limctta
ltitso
Ji
is
my.jl W A.i.
10975 Aurntium Biuo sweet
J I I fr 1515 my.jl
1 ,5 Bot
W Asia
10976 vulgaris
tni/rttfuliaRhso
Hort Seville
myrlle-leated alIIi II frfr 3 my.jl W Asia
10956
Hitfori, Use, Propagalim,
FropagiMm. Culture.
CuUure,
hu MjS
, a. FromAilralasian
aux, black,genus,
.^^,
'-tbri
1610 ... ,A beautiful
which grows
and flowers J 3^? so J " "
hthey
common
greenhouse
strong
and healthy,
inawhShthc'wm'groTvery
but they will not be

will grow
very wci
welltreatment
for a time : ^"""''''be
Be '
ar, ^.gass."'
|a5s." (J*
(* J,",p"rci
)^ beb"60
mixture.
"cuttings,
not too old, iswillusedrootby^[Mdnese
.,
for
making
P v%
Ripened"cuttings,
""^^
fc?-S
icv,arely
1 ' ,
The
barV
of
Melaleuca
Lcucademlron
the
ChraeM
rrom
the
"!.,
the
timbers ofremarkable
their vessels.
use it inpeppermint
the roofing:naor,
their ^gûn
"""-.Jj'af
fK^VM
Cajeiaiti
iiep^mint
flavor,
aira J"!^,
preservad
pjuu
Calnutl
for itstaThey
greenalsocolor,
"
^1,'
Euro! illin an unaduluated
unaduluiauxl
state. itsWhen
oneoMui
.r "
ffcc Jj, u,nd
cured Inin oil,
Europe
pure it It ontft"^^Juc
"and p*"*
KS*' >< * ul<;<i ex'oni'd'y wilh rau<:h ,UKBB M " LU
atedi'P'1'0"0'
i
''.ia
Frommay
rtw, three,edandlike.r.,,!
sUnd in ^^gteê
*!Var,,K*p
tB"?-,
Th,! W
Melaleuca,
, ,,,,,a.nicult
ndid
iJH
CW*""E
From be treabeautiful,
and S.A,anda
rod
in allusion
01
Sit
-"'
bloaoma
species are
ptaft band-8lWation f,"10".'
in sand, w,t"
and the
air keut
still andThe
moderately
moist.bcaul.lul
by covering
Order ,
i,- wiig equal-tided

straightat3-nerved
Leavesoval
Leavis obL 5-ncrvcd
narrower
luise, He ... ~..<;iiee quite smooth. Spikes obi. smooth
WWS
or oblongequal-sided
obsoletely
1-nervedstalked
liH3 Leaves
nv. acuminate
with
a pungent
point striatedflatwith
many nerves sees, smooth, spikes downy
MM Leave*
Leave* lane.
lin. lane
obsoletely
1-inerved,
Spikes
laxrigid
leafysuuses*
smooth.Tube
Parcels
of anther*
polyandrous[3-nerved
109*5
lin.
acutedotted
obsolete!v
striated
O calyx
KS6 Lvs. lane, occaeionally obL 3-nerved stalked and branches smooth, Head*
glob,woolly
or oval, Segm. ofcal.
acute
10M7
Leave*
ov.
lane,
acuminate
3-ncrved
:
young
1*.
and
branche
villous,
Heads
globoec
downy
1IM3 Leave*
Leaves lin.-sulml.
subulate lin.nervelees
muerapointless
rigid 1-nerved
flat.andHeads
globose, Segm.
cal. smooth
membranous
smooth
I099
spreading
eubreeurvetl,
Spike*ofoval
Leave*
Leave* angular
lin.-subul. mueromuera
recurved
Spike* cylindr.
very
smoothvirgate, Heads oval
951
erectat; end.
hooked
at end.Parcels
Branches
Leaves scattered
roundishfiliform
muero.
rough clustered.
Head*back
round,
of stanK-ns
10U53
Leave*
and
somewhat
opp.
oval
blunt
obsoletely
3-nerved,
1-lowers4--amirous
subsolitary smooth
WllH
Leaves
opp
lane,
nerveless.
Spikes
few-fl.
Parcels
of
stamenspolyanrirou*
ItfSj
Leave*
opp
decussate
oval-lane.
3-nervcd,
Spikes
oval
quite
emooth,
Parcel*
of
stamens
polyandrous
1ISS Leaves opp. lane. lin. arute 1-nerved, Spikes oval quite smooth, Parcels of stamens
multilid
10957
opp. ellipt
lane. lin.obLacute
S-nerved,
Spikes
obi.obsol.
smooth,
& Leaves
Leaves opp.
3-ncrved
: lateral
nerve*
and Parcels
close to ofthestamens
recurvedlongiludinally
edge. Spikes pinnated
uuitcsinooth
11*69 Leaves
Leaves opp.
opp. ovate-lanc,
ovate acute3-5-nerved
5-7-nervedsuIjscss.
stalked,Cluster*
Spikes obL
andSegra.
oval, Bractes
leafy nerveless
HMD
few-ll.
of
cal.
acute
RM Leaves
3-nerved
smooth,
or oval Spikes oval or oblong
IWtii
Leave* tenate
tern, liaobovate
lane, hoary
on both
sides,Spikes
as areoblong
the branches,
y
.31
JB63
opp. lane.cun.Parcel*
of stamensand3-5-androus
M leaves
Uaves lane,
altem,
lane alternate
Branches
calyxesclustered,
downy, Caps,
superior
ll5
Leaves
ellipt acute
: terminal
Segm. half
of calyx
acute leaiy
j Flowers4-fid, Parcels of stamens distinct equal 12-15-androus, Old leave* and fruit smooth
noH'crs-tid, Parcelsofstamens
equal 3-androus,
polvandrou*.Leaves
Old leaves
and and
fruitfruit
villoussni
loa blower*ifid,
Parcels ofstamens distinct
distinct equal
very long
iiS?
f*"" scattered
PP- decussate
ovate or oval many-nerved
ttwlllleaves
oval many-nerved
in
Pwmellipt.
elu,tered
,% Leaves
lane,sessile,
downy leaves
on eachglaucous
side corrugate veiny, Sepals acuminate
ini
obL acute
toothed,FL Fl.
35-androus,Fruit
Fruitglobose
olil. with
rindandam1
- S*"
ctl0lc**,1<|.winged,
Lv*. ov.Lvs.rounded
serrated,
aminciraus,
withaathin
nipple
wre 2- *iged,
1'1>'Lvs.
^.
Lvs. ov. obl. and acute,
Fl MU-aiidrous,
with rough
a thin skin
ii/bellipt.acutecrenulat.
FL -androus,
FruitFruitglobose
glob, with a thin
10963
10979
0975 d
1097fis
died January 7, 714, in the 851h
.hlre, during the lifetime of
itoj^lT'i.h gf ? ,OUnl, '""ertot
but one. FroA t ""^**,, con
base
43rr2 ^ ss3
'-color.
sub-
S^fe^ 80 called inhoj^^^'"^^".
uiuae to ting
h known
"\ under
654
10977 buxifolia P. S.
10978 nobilis H. K.
8 minor
10979 mdica Risso
10980 Decumna W.
POI.Y.A.D.E.I. i*H IA POLY ANDRIA.

Box-leaved
Mandarin
smaller
Citron
Shaddock
* u, fr 3
* u_j fr15
* u_j fr15
* U frt
* u_j fr15
my.jl
my.jl
my.jl
my jl
myjl
W
W.
W.
W
W
China
China
China
Asia
India
CLA'ss XVIII.
:-
B. r.m.
1805. B rim Bot. rep. 60s

1805. B r.m Bot. reg: 211
...
B rim Ferr. hesp. t. 9
1724. B r.m Ru.am 2.t.**.*.*
10979 c
*
is supposed to have been introduced into Italy in the fourteenth century, above a thousand years after the
citron. . In England, these trees have been cultivated since 1629. Parkinson, writing at that time, says, the
orange hath abiden with some extraordinary looking and tending, when neither citron nor lemon trees could
be preserved any length of time. The orange trees he alludes to were those of Beddington, in Surrey, intro
duced from Italy by a knight of the noble family of the Carews (Gibson's edit of Camb. Brit.), and the first
that were brought into England; they were planted in the open ground and placed under a moveable cover
during the winter months. It has been said that these trees were raised by Sir Francis Carew, from seeds
brought to England by Sir Walter Raleigh but as such trees would not have readily borne fruit, Professor
Martyn thinks it much more likely that they were plants brought from Italy. Bradley says, they always bore
fruit in great plenty and perfection; that they grew on the outside of a wall, not nailed against it, but at full
liberty to spread; they were fourteen feet high, the girt of the stem twenty-nine inches, and the spreading of
the branches one way nine feet, and twelve feet another. These trees, Evelyn informs us, were neglected in
his time, during the minority of their owner, and finally entirely killed by the great frost in 1739-40; they were
planted before 1595.
During the latter end of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth centuries, the orange tree was a
very fashionable article of growth in conservatories, when there were but few exotics of other sorts kept there
The plants were procured from Genoa, with stems generally from four to six feet in height; they were planted
in large boxes, and were set out during summer to decorate the walks near the house, in the manner still
ractised at Versailles and the Thuilleries. About the middle of the eighteenth century, when a taste for
tany and forcing exotic fruits became general, that for superb orange trees began to decline; many of these
large trees have decayed through neglect; and those which are now to be found in the greater number of
greenhouses, are generally dwarf plants bearing few fruit, and those of small size. In some places, however,
are still to be found large and flourishing trees. Those at Smorgony, in Glamorganshire, are the largest in
Britain; they are planted in the floor of an immense conservatory, and bear abundantly. It is said that the
plants were procured from a wreck on the coast in that quarter, in the time of Henry VII.
At Nuneham, near Oxford, are some fine old trees, planted under a moveable case, sheltered by a north
wall. In summer the case is removed, and the ground turfed over, so that the whole resembles a native
orange grove. At Wormleybury, Hertfordshire, and Shipley Hall, in Berbyshire, are very fine large orange
and lemon trees grown in borders and in boxes. (Hort. Trans. vol. ii. 295, and iv. 306.)
At the Wilderness, Kent, are three trees in boxes, not surpassed by any trees so grown in Europe.
At Woodhall, near Hamilton, trees of all the species of Citrus are trained against the back walls of forcing
houses, in the manner of peaches, and produce large crops of fruit.
In the south of Devonshire, and particularly at Saltcombe, one of the warmest spots in England, may be
seen, in a few gardens, orange trees that have withstood the winter in the open air upwards of a hundred
years. The fruit is as large and fine as any from Portugal. Trees raised from seed, and inoculated on the
spot, are found to bear the cold better than trees imported.
The common character of the Citrus family is that of low evergreen trees, with ovate or oval-lanceolate, entire
or serrated leaves. On the ungrafted trees are often axillary spines. The flowers appear in peduncles, axillary
or terminating, and one or many-flowered. The fruits are large berries, round or oblong, and generally of a
yellow color. The species seein best distinguished by the petiole, which in the orange and shaddock is
winged; in the citron, lemon, and lime, naked. The form of the fruit, although not quite constant, may also
serve for a distinction. In the orange and shaddock it is spherical, or rather an oblate spheroid, with a rel
or orange-colored rind; in the lime, spherical, with a pale rind; in the lemon, oblong, rough, with a nipple
like protuberance at the end; in the citron, oblong, with a very thick rind. The flowers of the citron and
lemon have ten stamens, and those of the orange more. It is very difficult to determine what is a variety,
and what is a species in this genus; many of the sorts in cultivation are by buds.
Dr. Sickler, who spent several years in Italy, and paid great attention to the kinds and culture of the orange,
published in 1815, Der Vollkommen Orangerie-Gartner (The complete Orange Gardener), in which he de
scribes above seventy sorts of Citrus.
#" du Genre Citrus, &c. Savonna, 1818.) has given a synopsis of the forty principal
sorts culti
vated in Italy.
The most splendid work on oranges which has yet appeared is the Histoire Naturelle des Orangers, by Risso,
of Nice, and Poiteau, of Versailles. (Paris, fol. 1818.) Here 169 sorts are described, and 105 of them figured,
and their French and Italian culture given at great length. They are arranged as sweet oranges, of which
they describe 42 sorts; bitter and sour : 32 sorts; bergamots, 5 sorts; limes, 8 sorts; shaddocks, 6 sorts,
lumes, 12 sorts; lemons, 46 sorts; citrons, 17 sorts.
All the species of Citrus endure the open air at Nice, Genoa, and Naples; but at Florence and Milan, and
often at Rome, they require
during the winter, and are generally placed in conservatories and sheds.
The largest conservatory in Italy is that of Prince Antonio Borghese, at Rome, which contains seventy select
sorts of agrumi. The largest trees are at Sorenta, Terracina, Gaeta, and Naples; but the most regular an i
garden-like culture of the orange, is in the orange-orchards at Nervi, Monaco, and other places in the neigh
I'
'ourhood of Genoa. At Nervi are also the orange nurseries which may be said to supply all Europe with
trees, they are, in general, wretchedly cultivated, and the stocks inoculated in the most unscientific manner;
but the fine climate, strong clayey soil, and abundant manurings, supply in a great degree the nicer practices
- -- -
ORDER II.
POLYADELPHIA POLY ANDRIA.
655
1os: 7 Petioles lin. very short, Lvs. ovate retuse, Flowers racemose
10978 Petioles sublinear straight, Branches ascending unarmed, Fruit depressed, Skin separated from flesh
10979 Petiolesnaked, Lvs. obl acute, Fl. 40-androus, Fruit obl. rugose with acid pulp
rosso Petioles winged, Lvs. blunt emarg. Fruit very large with a thick skin
10975 c
of gardening. There the names of varieties vary as much as those of gooseberries do in England; but from
upwards of 180 names, not above 40 distinct sorts can be procured. Good plants of the Maltese and other
varieties of orange may be procured from Malta; and some sorts also from Lisbon. From the nurseries at
Paris about
sorts may be obtained, much smaller plants than those from the other places named, but
more scientifically grafted or inoculated. The catalogues of London nurserymen enumerate above thirty
varieties of oranges, twelve of lemons, and several varieties of the other species; the plants are partly Genoese,
partly French, and partly propagated here.
The C. aurantium, the common orange; orange, Fr., pomeranze, Ger., and arancio, Ital, is a middle-sized
evergreen tree, with a greenish-brown bark; and, in its wild state, with prickly branches. The fruit is nearly
round, from two to three inches in diameter, and of a gold color. It is now cultivated in most countries of
in the open air in Italy and Spain; and in conservatories or greenhouses in Britain and the north of
'
#
urope.
The two principal varieties are the sweet or China orange, the orange douce of the French, and porto-gallo
or poma de sino of the Italians; and the bitter or Seville, the bigarade of the French, and arancio volgaro of
the Italians. The Maltese orange, distinguished by its red pulp, is also a noted and much-esteemed sort. The
box-leaved, willow-leaved, and some others, are cultivated more as curious varieties than for their fruit.
C. Medica, the citron, citron, Fr., citronier, Ger., and cedrate, Ital., in its wild state grows to the height of
about eight feet, erect and prickly, with long reclining branches. The leaves are ovate, oblong, alternate, sub
serrate, smooth, pale green. The fruit or berry is half a foot in length, ovate, with a protuberance at the lip.
There are two rinds, the outer thin, with innumerable miliary glands, full of a most fragrant oil; the inner
thick, white, and fungous.
In China they have a variety of the C. Medica, of very considerable size, quite solid, with scarcely any pulp
or cells, and divided at the end into five or more long round lobes, on which account it is called Phat thu, or
finger-orange. The fruit is laid upon fine porcelain vessels in the sitting-rooms of the Chinese, for the sake of
its agreeable perfume.
Dr. Sickler enumerates only about a dozen citrons and citronates as grown in Italy. The French nurseries
have nearly twenty names in their lists. In England six are cultivated for sale.
C. Limonum, the lemon; limon, Fr., limonier, Ger., and limone, Ital., has the fruit less knobbed at the
extremities, is rather longer and more irregular, and the skin is thinner than in the citron; the wood is more
Knotty, and the bark rougher.
Dr. Sickler enumerates twenty-eight varieties as grown in Italy. The French, according to Ville Herv
nave eleven sorts; in the London nurseries are cultivated twelve.
C. Limetta, the lime, by some esteemed a variety of the C. Medica, lime, Fr., Ital., and Ger., grows to the
height of about eight feet, with a crooked trunk, and many diffused branches, with prickles. The leaves are
ovate lanceolate, almost quite entire. Berry an inch and a half in diameter, almost globular, with a pro
at the top; the surface regular, shining, greenish-yellow, with a very odorous rind, enclosing a very
acid juice.
The French have two sorts of lime; and, according to Dr. Sickler, the Italians have four varieties; five
kinds are grown in the London nurseries.
C. decumana, the shaddock, orange pampelmouse, Fr., arancio massimo, Ital., is above the middle size, with
spreading prickly branches. The leaves are ovate, subacute, seldom obtuse; the petioles are cordate, winged;
the wings as broad as the leaves. The berry spheroidal, frequently retuse at each end, of an even surface, and
reenish yellow color; pulp red or white, juice sweet or acid; rind white, thick, fungous, and bitter.
Thunberg says, the fruit in Japan grows to the size of a child's head, and Dr. Sickler states its weight as
fourteen pounds, and its diameter as from seven to eight inches. It is a native of China and Japan, and was
brought to the West Indies by Captain Shaddock, from whom it has derived its name.
The Italians, according to Sickler, have one, and the French, according to the Nouveau Cours, &c.,
four sorts. Four are grown in the English nurseries
All the sorts may be propagated by seeds, cuttings, layers, and grafting, or inoculation.
The object of raising plants from seed is either to obtain new varieties or stocks for grafting. To attempt
raising new varieties in Britain will in general be found a tedious process, as the trees do not even in Italy
show fruit for six or eight years or more; and there is now in the botanic garden at Toulon, a large handsome
tree, of twenty-five years' growth, which in 1819 had not blossomed. Shaddock stocks are the strongest, and
next to these the citron. Budding and grafting are performed at the usual season; but these operations may
be performed at any time when the sap is in motion.
Henderson, of Woodhall, a most superior cultivator of the Citrus tribe, considers cuttings as the quickest
mode of getting plants, and has practised it for thirty-seven years past: his directions are as follows: Take
the strongest young shoots, and also a quantity of the two years old shoots; these may be cut into lengths
from nine inches to eighteen inches. Take the leaves off the lower part of each cutting to the extent of about
five inches, allowing the leaves above that to remain untouched; then cut right across, under an eye; and
make a small incision in an angular direction on the bottom of the cutting. When the cuttings are thus
prepared, take a pot, and fill it with sand; size the cuttings, so that, the short ones may be all together, and
those that are talier in a different pot. Then, with a small dibble, plant them about five inches deep in the
sand, and give them a good watering overhead, to settle the sand about them. Let them stand a day or two
656
1616. XANTHOCHY'MUS. Ror. XANTuochymus.
CLAss XVIII.
Guttiferae. Sp. 2-4.
10981 pictrius II. K.

painter's
* L J fr20
*82 ovaliflius Rorb.
oval-leaved
* L-J fr12
*1617. HYPERICUM. W. St. John's WoRT.
10983 eltum H. K.
tall
*
or 5
10984 frondsum Mich. green
*
or 5
10985 amoe'num Psh.
elegant
*
or 4
10986 hircinum L.
stinking
sk
or 3
10987 folisum H. K.
shining
* L J or 3
10988 floribundum H. K. many-flowered in u_j or 3
10989 olympicum L.
Olympian
*
or 4
10990 canarinse L.
Canary
* L J or 2
10991 mongynum L.
Chinese
* LJ or 3
...
Y
...
Y
Hypericineae.
il.au
Y
E. Indies 1796. S. r.m Roxb.cor.2t.196

E. Indies 1824. S. r.m.
Sp. 63-133.
N. Amer. 1762. L. s.l.
Dend brit.85
ji.au
jl.au
jls
au
au
jl.s
jls
mr.s
N. Amer. 1806.
Carolina 1812.
C s.l
L. s.l
Dil.elt.151.f.182
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
S. Europe
Azores
Madeira
Levant
Canaries
L.
C.
C.
S.
C.
C.
C
D.
1640.
1778.
1779.
1700.
1699.
1753.
1825.
1759.
s.l.
p.1
p.1
s.l.
p.1
p.1
co
p.l
Dend, brit.86
Com.hort-2 t-68
Bot. mag. 1867
Bot. cab. 953
Bot mag. 334
China
a Ljor
...
1
1
1
1
jl.au
jn.s
jn.jl
jn.jl
Nepal
Canada
10994 Ascyron L.
10995 ascyroides W.
10996 ptulum Thunb.
St A or
Siberian
St A or
large-capsuled
a or
spreading
or
Y
Y
Siberia
1774.
N. Amer. 1812.
Nepal
H. Gralum B. M.
10997 Kalminum Lam.
Kalmia-leaved k
or
10998 calycinum L.
large-flowered #
or
10999 balericum L.
warted
* - or
$11000 Androsa'mum L. Tutsan
Sk A or
2
1
1
2
jn.jl
jn.s
mr.s
jls
Y
Y
Y
N. Amer. 1759.
Ireland
...
Majorca 1714.
Britain woods.
11001 cochinchinnse Lour. red-flowered at LI pr:3 jl.au
China
11002 paludsum Chois, marsh

11003 virginicum L.
Virginian
JElodea campanulata Ph.
N. Amer. 1821.
N. Amer. 1800. D. p.1
N. Amer. 1812. D p.1 Plu.alm.t.245.f6
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N. Amer. 1823.
10992 cordifolium Chois, heart-leaved

10993 pyramidtum H. K. pyramidal
Sy. A pr2 jl.au

Sy A or 11 jl.s
11004 angulsum Mich. toothed-flower. Y

11005 puncttum Lam. dotted
11006 dolabrifrme Vent hatchet-leaved St
11007 procmbens Mich. procumbent
11008 rosmariniflium Lam. Rosemary-lv. S.
11009 virgtum Lam.
twiggy
&
11010 myrtiflium Lam, myrtle-leaved
11011 prolificum L.
prolific
11012 glaucum Mich.
glaucous
*
11013 laevigatum H. K. smooth
a or
or
A or
A or
_J or
A or
a or
or
or
A or
11014 nudiflrum Mich. naked-panicled # DI or

11015 quadrngulum L. square-stalked
g dabium W.
imperforate
a
a
maculatum All
spotted
Y -a
undultum W. en. wave-leaved
St A
11016 attenuatum Chois, narrow-leaved
a
11017 japnicum Thunb. Japanese
sy A
2 jn.jl
11 Jn.jl
2 jn.jl
au.s
2 jn.au
11 jn.au
1 ji.au
4 jm.au
1: jl.au
jl.s
I; so
or 1: jl.au
or 3 jl.au
or 2 jl.au
or 1 jLau
or 1: jl.au
or 14 jl.au
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Sk co
Sk co
1823. C co
Vent. malm. 118

Gmel. sib.4. t. 6,
Bot mag.2375
C. s.l
Sk co Eng. bot. 2017
C. r.m. Bot mag 1.7
Sk co Eng. bot. 1225
1821. C co
D co
D co
N. Amer. 1821. D co Vent, cels. t. 45

N. Amer.
Carolina
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
1822. D co
1812. L. s.l
1820. D co
1818. D co
1758. S. s.l.
N. Amer. 1812.
N. Amer. 1772.
N. Amer. 1811.
Britain m. me.
Britain m. thi.
N. Amer. 1789.
Barbary 1802.
Dahuria 1822.
Nepal
1823.
Dend. brit. 88
C. p.1
D p.1
C p.l
C p.1 Eng. bot. 370
C. p.1 Eng. bot. 296
C. p.l
D. p.l
D. p.l
D. p.l
10991
in a shady place, and if a frame be ready with bottom heat, plunge the pots to the brim. Shade them well
with a double mat, which may remain till they have struck root; when rooted, take the sand and cuttings out
of the pot, and plant them into single pots, in the proper compost. Plunge the pots with the young plants
again into a frame, and shade them for four or five weeks, or till they are taken with the pots; when they
may be gradually exposed to the light. From various experiments, I found that pieces of two year old wood
struck quite well; and in place, therefore, of putting in cuttings six or eight inches long, I have taken off cut
tings from ten inches to two feet long, and struck them with equal success.
Although I at first began to put
in cuttings only in the month of August, I now put them in at any time of the year, except when the plants are
making young wood. By giving them a gentle bottom heat, and covering them with a hand-glass, they will
enerally strike root in seven weeks or two months. The citron is most easily struck, and is the freest grower;
, therefore, frequently strike pieces eighteen inches long, and as soon as they are put into single pots, and
taken with the pots, they are grafted with other sorts, which grow freely. I am not particular as to the time
either of striking cuttings or of grafting. (Caled. Hort. Mcm. iii. 308.)
At Genoa and Florence, citrus trees are grown in a strong yellow clay, which is richly manured; and this
soil is considered by the first Italian gardeners as best suited to their natures.
The French gardeners, in preparing a compost for the orange-tree, endeavour to compensate for quantity by
quality; because the pots or boxes in which the plants are placed ought always to be as small as possible, rela
tively to the size of the tree. The following is the composition recommended : to a fresh loam, which contains
a third of clay, a third of sand, and a third of vegetable matter, and which has lain a long time in a heap, add
an equal bulk of half-rotten cow-dung. The following year turn it over twice. The succeeding year mix it
-
. POLYADELPHIA POLY ANDRIA.
ORDER II.
657
10981 Leaves oblong

10982 Leaves smaller oval blunt
* 1. Sepals united at base and unequal. Stamens 00. Styles 3-5. Ascymeia.
10983 Youngstem winged, Lvs. ov. obl. acute dilated at base somew.emarg, revolute at edge, Fl. corymbose
10984 Branches double-edged, Lvs. ov. elongated blunt at end narrow at base, Fl. large subsolitary
10985 Branches double-edged, Lvs. obl. ellipt bluntish at end narrowed at base with a crisp revolute edge
10986 Branches winged, Lvs. emarg. at base dilated sess. acute at end ovate lanc. glandular at edge
10987 Branches winged, Lvs. sess. open ovate obl. somewhat acute slightly perforated
10988 Stem round, Lvs. sess. lanc. not dotted numerous, Peduncles dilated at end
10989 Stem round, Lvs. ellipt. ovate bluntish with pellucid dots, Calyx ovate acute
..
10990 Stem obsoletely quadrangular, Branches compressed, Lvs. ov.-lanc. acute, Cal. blunt ovate
10991 Stem round, Lvs. ellipt. blunt a little dotted with black, Styles united
19992 Stem round shrubby, Lvs. ov. amplexicaul. cordate not dotted clustered, Flowers few
10993 Stem winged, Lvs. amplexicaul. obl.lanc. acute revolute at edge, Pedunc. short thick
10994 Stem square herbaceous simple erect, Leaves amplexicaul lanc. acute with pellucid dots
10995 Stem winged at base square at end herbaceous simple, Lvs. obl.lanc. acute
10996 Stem round suffruticose purple, Lvs. ovate lanc. acute narrowed at base revolute at edge with pellucid dots
10997 Branches square, Lvs. lin. lanc. Flowers in terminal corymbs
10998 Styles 5, Fl. solitary, Segm. of the cal. unequal obovate obtuse, Lvs. obl. Stem shrubby branched square
10999 Stem square warted, Lvs. ovate blunt amplexicaul. warted
Caps. pulpy, Stem shrubby compressed, Cal. leaflets unequal, Leaves ovate sessile
* 2 Sepals 5, equal, entire. Stamens deeply triadelphous; parcels pencilled at end. Styles 3. TRIDEsMos.
11001 Flowers trigynous, Leaves subpetiolate very dense, Pedunc. about 5-fl. axillary
$ 3 Sepals 5, equal, entire. Styles 3. Pilaments definite in number, 9-15-18, deeply united. Elodea.
11002 Stem herbaceous round, Leaves oblong blunt narrowed into a stalk with pellucid dots
11903 Stem round half-shrubby, Leaves oblong blunt amplexicaul. with pellucid dots
$ 4 Sepals 5, equal, sometimes entire, sometimes toothed, or with glandular teeth, Stamens 00. Styles
usually 3.- PERFoRARIA.
* Sepals entire.
11004 Stem herbaceous square erect, Leaves distant long ovate amplexicaul sinuated at edge acute not dotted
11005 Stem round black dotted, Leaves ovate-lanc. somewhat acute amplexicaul dotted with black
11006 Stem erect purple, Leaves lin. lanc. reflexed with pellucid dots, Flowers corymbose
11007 Stem procumbent square herbaceous, Leaves linear-lanceolate blunt revolute at edge with pellucid dots
11008 Stem round straight, Leaves amplexicaul., blunt ovate revolute at edge, Styles united
11009 Stem straight square, Leaves ovate-lanceol. slightly amplexicaul. dotted with black revolute at edge
11010 Stem round, Leaves ovate cordate amplexicaul. or cuneate lanc. revolute at edge
11011 Stern round, Branches angular, Lvs. linear lanc. revolute at edge with pellucid dots, Styles often united
11012 Stem round, Leaves cordate amplexicaul. blunt revolute at edge glaucous with pellucid dots
11013 Flowers trigynous, Styles united, Lvs. ovate subamplex. Sepals ov. acute, Middle flower of panicle sessile
11014 Stem square and winged, Leaves ovate obl. blunt needle-dotted not pellucid, Panicle naked
11015 Styles 3, Stem herbaceous 4-angular somewhat branched, Leaves ovate with pellucid dots, Cal. 1vs. lanc.
A Stem obsoletely quadrangular, Leaves elliptical ovate obtuse destitute of pellucid dots, Cal. lvs. elliptical
11000
11016 Stem round dotted with black, Leaves ovate obl. blunt amplexicaul. dotted with black
11017 Stem weak square smooth, Leaves ovate subcordate blunt revolute at edge scarcely dotted beneath
10996
100.98
11011
Will
11000
11015
T-
11015.4%
with nearly one-half its bulk of decomposed horse dung. , Turn it over twice or three times, and the winter
before using add a twelfth-part of sheep dung, a twentieth of pigeon dung, and a twentieth of dried ordure.
Henderson, already mentioned, takes one part of light-brown mould from a piece of ground that has not
been cropped nor manured for many years; one part of peat earth, such as is used for
heaths; two
parts of river sand, or pit sand, if it be free from mineral substances; and one part of rotted hot-bed dung,
with one part of rotted leaves of trees, and mixes them all well together, so as to form a compost-soil of uni
form quality. (Caled. Hort. Mem. iii. 302.)
Though orange-trees will grow exceedingly well in large pots and boxes, yet to have them produce the finest
crop of fruit they should be planted in the ground like peach-trees, and trained like them, or as standard cher
ries in a conservatory. The latter has by far the best effect, especially when the stems of the trees are seven
or eight feet high, and the head forms a handsome cone; but the largest fruit is produced when the trees are
lanted against the back-wall trellis of a narrow house, and treated like peach-trees. Henderson grows his
fruit in this manner, and we have seen them fully as large as any we ever saw at Genoa or Naples.
1616. Xanthochymus. From Bay.Sex, yellow, and x*x, anything which exudes: in allusion to the color of the
juice which flows from the ripe fruit when wounded, and which, being inspissated, yields a material for water
color painting which is as good as Gamboge. Handsome plants, of the usual culture in light loam, and pro
cuttings in sand under a hand-glass.
#"#.ypericum.
P:
A name of unknown meaning. The species are chiefly under-shrubs, generally with dot
ted leaves, and almost, without exception, yellow flowers. The hardy species are useful for the fronts of
U u
658
curl-leaved
unbranched
11018 crispum L.
11019 setsum H. K.
-AJ or
-AJ or
1 jl.au
1 il.au
11020 heterophyllum Vent. various-leaved *u- or 2 jl.au

11021 acgyptiacum L.
11022 humifsum L.
11023 perfortum_L.
11024 canadnse L.
11025 fascicultum W.
Egyptian
trailing
rfoliate
nadian
clustered
* LI
~k A
A
A
or
or
or
or
or
2 jn.jl
* ji.au
't #"
11.jl
11028 hirstum L.
1618. ASCY/RUM. W.
AscyhuM.
dwarf
11047 CruxA'ndreaePh. St. Andrew'sCross
11048 hypericoides Ph.

11049 stans W.
11050 amplexicatile Ph.

tl619. LOA'SA. L.
LoAsa.
Place's
11051 Plcei Lindl.

11052 nitida Lam.
11053 volubilis Juss.
shining
11054 grandiflra Lam.
large-flowered
twinin
# |
Loaseae.
4 jm.s
2 jn.s
11 mr.s
2
1822.
m.wo. D
Bot.cab. 953
Will delph. t.34
N. Amer. 1821.
Wal& Kit. t. 265

C. r.m. M.h.2 s.5, t-6 fe
D 1.p Bocc. mus. t. 127
I) co Went cels. t. 58
S. Europe
S. Europe
Levant
Spain
D
C.
C.
C
Levant
1688.
Levant
1739.
1823.
1820.
1640.
1821.
co
p.l
p.1
p.l
Will delph. t. 44
Dend brit. 141
Bot mag. 178

Cav. ic. t. 122
Carolina 1811. C s.l
jn &u
cine".
O or
O or
iOlel
uC, or
Siberia
Vent cels. t. 68
Bot reg. 196
Eng. bot. 126
Eng bot.295
p.1 Eng. bot 109

r.m
p.l Eng: bot. 1156
co Lam, ill. t. 643
co Spreng.fi.halt.9
p.1
p.1
p.l Eng.bot. 127
co Eng, bot. 1986
co Lois, fl. gall. t. 17
p.l Eng bot. 371
ungary ###!
D. p.
u\] pr
du
u-J pr
Hypericum-likes L pr
** j-large-flowered a u_j pr 1 Jis
jls
stem-clasping *u-J pr
D
C.
D
D
Scotland sc.thi. D
Mediterr. 1820. D
11046 painmilum Ph.
Britain sp.bo.
S. Europe 1648.
Britain ch.ba.
S. Europe 1823.
Britain
1759. D b.l
1812. D
Madeira 1777. C
Teneriffe 1778. C
Britain woods. D
Aspalathus likes -l or
1688. C. p.1 Bocc. mus. t. 12
Carolina
Persia
1787. C. p.l
pas. D co
bu.pl. D. p.l
N. Amer. # D pl
N. Amer. 1806. C s.l
11027 tomentsum L.
11045 aspalathoides W.
Greece
Egypt
Britain
Britain
3. A or
jl.au
woolly
-A or
jls
hairy
A or 2 jn.jl
11029 nummulrium L. money-leaved
A pr 1 jn.jl
elegant
3. A pr 14.jn.jl
11030 legans Steph.
*u-J or 2 my..au
11031 glandulsum H. K. landular
11032 reflxum L.
anging-leaved a L J or 1* jns
11033 plchrum L.
small upright
A or 1: jl
11034 barbtum L.
jn.o
"
A or
toothed
A pr 2 jn.o
11035 denttum Lois.
mountain
A or 1: jl.au
11036 montnum L.
11037 fimbritum Lam. fringed
A pr 2 jl.au
A pr 2 jl.au
g alpinum W. & K. alpine
or
11038 serpylliflium Lam. Thyme-leaved
*ji.au
11039 ciliatum Lam.
fringe-flowered Y-A or
A pr
11040 triplinrve Pent. three-nerved
11041 hyssopifolium Will. Hyssop-leaved St. A pr 1 jl.au
* pr
jlau
11042 cmpetriflium W. fine-leaved
11043 Cris L.
Heath-leaved a - pr
my.s
Heath-like
* - pr
11044 ericoides L.
jn.jl
marsh
11026 Eldes L.
CLAss XVIII.
Sp. 5-6.
Georgia 1806.
N. Amer. 1759.
N. Amer. 1759.
N. Amer. 1806.
C
C.
C
C
N. Amer. 1823.
C co
l.p
l.p Pluk.alm.419.5
lp
lp Went malm.90
Sp. 4-10.
Chile
Chile
Chile
1822. S co
1822. S co
1824. S. s.l
Bot reg. 785

Bot reg. 667
Jusan.m. t.5.fe
Caraccas 18:5. S co Jus.an.m. t.A. f*
History, Use, Propagation, Cuture,

shrubberies. H. calycinum soon spreads over a considerable surface, and being evergreen, and growing under
the shade, it is well adapted for covering bare spots under trees, and at the base of walls where few plants will
thrive.
H. Androsaemum; from **e, a man, and &aux, blood, because the fresh capsules, bruised between the fin
rs, give out a blood-colored juice, is called Tutsan from Toute-saine, Fr., from its bruised capsules being
ormerly applied to fresh wounds.
H. perforatum was formerly "#d in external wounds and haemorrhages as a balsamic, and was reputed to
have other medical properties. ..The semi-transparent dots on the leaves ar the receptacles of an essential oil.
The flowers
spirits and oils of a fine purple color; and the dried plant,
boiled with alum, dyes wool of a
yellow color.
ecommon people in France and Germany gather it with gre
-
":
-
at ceremony on St. John's day, and
ORDER II.
659
11018 Stem round much branched, Lvs. sess. lanc. undul. wavy at base with pellucid dots, Cal. very small blunt
11019 Flowers 2-3-gynous terminal, Cal. lanc. entire, Leaves lanc. oblong and erect, Stem simple downy
11020 Stem round, Lvs. lin.lanc. with pelluc. dots: low. closely imbric. very short blunt, Cal. acute rather unequal
11021 Stem round, Leaves very small ovate close not dotted, Flowers few subsessile, Cal. acute lanceolate
11022 Styles 3, Flowers terminal subcymose, Stems comp. prostrate, Leaves oblong obtuse glabrous
11023 Styles 3, Stem compressed, Leaves elliptico-oblong obtuse with pellucid dots, Cal. leaves lanceolate
11024 Stem herbaceous upright 4-winged, Lvs. lin. somewhat blunt with fine pellucid dots and black dots beneath
11025 Stem round diffuse,
ves lanceol, linear narrow at base revolute at edge, Calyx somewhat unequal
** Sepals toothed, or toothed glandular.
11026 Styles 3, Cal. with (reddish) glandular serratures glabrous, Lvs. roundish pubesc. Stem rounded creeping
11027 Stem downy round ascend. Lvs. ovate blunt somewhat amplexicaul. with black dots at edge, Cal. acuminate
11028 Styles 3, Cal. with (black) glandular serratures, Stem erect rounded pubesc. Lvs. ov.slightly downy beneath
11029 Stem round ascending, Leaves orbicular stalked, Calyx ovate blunt
11030 Stem straight slightly wing. Lvs. ov.-lanc. subamplex. blunt with pellucid dots, Anthers dotted with black
11031 Stem round straight branched, Lvs. ellipt lanc. acute glandular at edge with pellucid dots, Cal lanc. acute
11032 Stem round a little villous at end, Leaves amplexicaul. lanceol. acute generally reflexed, Panic. lax few-fl.
11033 Styles 3, Cal. with (black) glandul. serratures, Stem erect, Lvs. cord, glab. amplexicaul.
[dots beneath
11034 Sty. 3, Corymbs term. Cal fring with long peduncul. glands, Stem erect round. Lvs. ov.with (black) scattered
11035 Stem round ascending, Leaves amplexicaul. oblong bluntish with pellucid dots: upper sometimes toothed
11036 Styles 3, Fis paniculate-corymb. Cal. with glandul. serratures, Stem erect round, smooth, Lvs. ov. glabrous
11037 Stem round purplish simple, Lvs. amplexicaul. ovate dotted with black at the edge, Cal. ov. acute ciliated
110.38 Stem round, Leaves ovate blunt with a small petiole revolute at edge, Calyx ovate blunt
with black
11039 Stem round slightly winged, Lvs. amplexicaul. subcord. ovate obl. blunt with pellucid dots, Anthers dotted
11040 Stem with 2 angles decumbent at base, Lvs. linear-lanc. spreading blunt revolute at cdge, Cal. ovate acute
11041 Stem round ascending, Lvs. obl.lanc. bluntish narrowed at each end with pellucid dots, Cal. somewhat blunt
11042 Stem round, Branches somewhat winged, Leaves in threes linear revolute at edge, Calyx very small blunt
11043 Stem round ascending, Leaves whorled linear revolute at edge, Calyx linear somewhat blunt
11044 Stem round tortuous minute, Leaves round acute clustered dotted glaucous very small
5 Sepals 5, entire,
.ike the leaves. Stamens 00. Styles 3-5. BRATHYs.
11045 Stem round compressed at end, Leaves dense not dotted channelled revolute at edge, Cal. equal straight
*:
11046 Stem small simple quadrangular, Leaves oval blunt fascicled, Pedicels 6 lines long reflexed
11047 Stem round, Branches erect, Lvs. ovate linear blunt generally fascicled in the axillae, Inner sepals orbicular
11048 Stem round, Leaves oblong linear blunt with 2 glands at base, Inner sepals somewhat orbicular
11049 Stem winged straight, Leaves ovate ellipt. blunt glaucous, Inner sepals cordate orbicular
11050 Stem dichotomous panicled, Leaves ovate cordate crisp, Corymb naked, Styles 3
11051 Sepals scarcely toothed reflexed as long as petals, in fruit reflexed and longer than the obovate capsule
11052 Sepals toothed shorter than petals, in fruit erect and shorter than the pear-shaped capsule
11053 Stem twining, Leaves bipinnatid with narrow obtuse segments
11054 Hispid, Leaves opposite and alternate cordate ovate lobed, Petals flattish, Flower very large
[.
\-il'
11043
hang it in their windows as a charm against storms, thunder, and evil spirits; mistaking the meaning of some
medical writers, who have fancifully given this plant the name of Fuga Daemonum, from a supposition that it
was good in maniacal and hypochondriacal disorders. In Scotland it was formerly carried about as a charm
against witchcraft and enchantment.
H. humifusum is one of the prettiest little plants of the genus, well adapted for growing in pots,
1618. Ascyrum. From *, privative, and rxvees, roughness; that is to say, a smooth plant, Linn. Curious
little plants, of the same culture as the Hypericums.
1619. Loasa. A name applied to these plants by Adanson, but of unknown meaning. , Stinging, mostly an
nual plants; some of the species are handsome hardy annuals, remarkable for the beauty of their highly
-
curious flowers.
L. volubilis will not succeed in the open-air.
Uu 2
G60
SYNGENESIA.
Class XIX. SYNGENESIA.
CLAss XIX.
STAMENs 5. ANTHERs united by their edges.

*
Trus is one of the most extensive and best defined of all the Linnean classes.
Its essential character depends,
as its name indicates, (ov, together, and yeweans, generation,) upon the adhesion of the antherae or male organs
of the flower into a single tube. It comprehends the whole of the Corymbiferae, Cichoraceae, and Cinaroce
hala of Jussieu, and, with the exception of Acicarphea, nothing else. The genera constituting the order
' of Linnaeus are excluded by Linnean botanists of the present day.
In addition to the cohesion of the anthers, upon which this class immediately depends, it is further charac
terized by the flowers, commonly called florets, being clustered together in heads, and inserted u
a common
receptacle, which is surrounded by an involucrum, commonly, but very improperly, termed calyx. The few
genera, such as Kuhnia, Euxenia, Acicarpha, &c., in which a union of anthers either does not exist at all, or
in a very incomplete degree, are therefore retained in Syngenesia, because of their congruity in the structure
of their inflorescence.
-
The real nature of the various constituent parts of syngenesious inflorescence being, from its complicated
nature, very puzzling to the unlearned, and, as it would seem, to some professors also, it may be useful to ex
plain briefly the analogy the various parts bear to the organs of other plants, and the terms employed in de
scribing them.
The Head or Capitulum is a cluster of flowers of the nature of an umbel, inserted upon a common rachis,
which, by contraction or incomplete developement, assumes the form of a conical or flat body, out of which the
flowers proceed, and which is called a receptacle. This is surrounded by the involucrum. M. Cassini calis
the head Calathide.
The Involucrum is the most external part of the head. It consists of a more or less considerable number of
scales or leaves, placed in a single row, either distinctly from each other, or united at their edges, in which
case the involucrum is called one-leaved; or placed in many rows, becoming gradually shorter as they are ex
ternal, in which case they are called imbricated. If the external scales surround the internal at the base in a
regular manner, then the involucrum is said to be calyculate. The involucrum was called common calyx by
Linnaeus, and has been more recently denominated a perianthium. M. Cassini names it Periclinium.
. The Receptacle (Climanthium of Cassini) is a cellular fungous surface surrounded by the involucrum, and
bearing the florets. It is either columnar, conical, flat, or depressed; and naked, or covered with appendages
called or bristles, according to their nature, or paleae, when they are dilated and have a glumaceous ap
pearance. If naked, and merely scarred by the insertions of the florets, it is called dotted or puncticulate;
when the scars are more considerable and deeper, the receptacle is said to be scrobiculate; if the insertions
are so deep as to appear to be divided by membranous partitions, it is cellular, or favose, or alveolate; if fur
nished with hairs, it is villose; if with paleae, it is paleaceous or chaffy.
The Paleae are of the same nature as bractea, and exist in various degrees of developement. Occasionally
they are as large as the scales of the involucrum, which they in that case closely resemble.
The flower, usually termed Floret, consists of two parts, the ovarium and the corolla, each with its appen
-
es.
The Ovarium is always one-celled, but it occasionally has two additional obsolete cells, as in Arctotis. It is
either naked, or covered with hairs in various degrees, occasionally becoming enveloped in fine wool, and it is
surmounted by an organ named the pappus.
The Pappus has generally been esteemed a superior calyx, and it is the opinion of M. Cassini that it is analo
gous to the scales of the receptacle, and the leaves of the involucrum.
The Corolla is placed on the top of the ovarium. It is either funnel-shaped, with a limb divided into four or
five equal lobes, in which case the florets are denominated tubular; or it is split on one side, and spread open
into the form of a strap, when the florets are called ligulate, or it is divided into two portions, of which one
is unequal to the other; this form is called bilabiate or two-lipped. Bilabiate corollas may be either ligulate
cr flosculous, according to the species to which they belong.
Occasionally the corolla appears to be absent.
The Stamens are attached to the oritice of the tube of the corolla, just below the limb. Their filaments are
usually, but not always, distinct; their anthers are adherent by their edges, and furnished with a little mem
branous appendage at the tip, and sometimes with two spur-like processes at their base. ,
.
The Style is filiform, and either split at the summit into two linear spreading stigmas, or consists of a single
piece from the base to the summit. The form and surface of the stigma, and the upper part of the style are
to a great diversity of appearances, which are of the utmost importance in determining the affinities of
*
he genera.
The Florets are either hermaphrodite, unisexual, or neuter. Upon these differences of sex the orders of Lin
naeus are founded.
In Syngenesia aequalis the florets are all hermaphrodites.

In Syngenesia superflua, those of the disk or centre are hermaphrodite, of the circumference or ray female,
(and superfluous.)
In Syngenesia frustranea, those of the disk are hermaphrodite, of the ray neuter, (and useless)
In Syngenesia necessaria, those of the disk are male, of the ray female, (and necessary.)
* Syngenesia segregata is only characterized by the heads themselves being clustered and surrounded by a com
mon involucrum.
- The genera of Syngenesia have always attracted much attention from systematic botanists, who have met
with very unequal success in characterizing them. The older botanists comprised them all under a few general
heads or names. Tournefort, with his usual happiness, pointed out a large proportion of the most natural ge
nera. Vaillant established a considerable number. Linnaeus, profiting by abours of his predecessors, re
jecting some genera, and dividing others, increased their number, and adapted them to his sexual system, in
nearly the same order in which they exist at the present day. Jussieu, by applying to the genera the princi
ples of his natural method, reduced them to an arrangement much superior in point both of facility and of
natural affinity to that of his northern rival. But how, ver meritorious the labours of these great systematists
may have been, much remained to be effected, even among their own plants, by those who followed them. The
indefatigable Gaertner, who worked upon the only satisfactory or philosophical principle, that of strict analysis,
soon discovered that the combinations of Linnaeus and Jussieu were often too vague and ill defined to accord
with his notions of accurate subdivision. Hence many other genera arose. But since his days, the extent of
Syngenesia has, like all other parts of botanical science, increased exceedingly, and has arrived in our days at
a state little short of absolute confusion. Injudicious or superficial botanists, impressed with the fear of inno
vation, and with a pious reverence even for the errors of those who went before them, have from time to time
crowded the genera of Jussieu and Linnaeus with the most incongruous species, and so have rendered many of
those which were originally pure and simple, heterogeneous masses of species. Much has been done by out
learned countryman, # Robcrt Brown, to reduce to order this class of individuals, and, as far as his published
observations have extended, with the happiest success. In France, an ingenious and accurate observer, Mr.
Henry Cassini, has undertaken a revision of the whole class, upon principles peculiar to himself; and it must
be allowell, that what he has executed has given ample room # regret that he has not published more. Un
fortunately, his observations are scattered over the face of many books, and are in no case in such a state of
arrangement as to be extensively useful. It is hoped that a period will soon arrive when he, or at least some
--
. Class XIX.
-- - ----------
SYNGENESIA.
661
of his count
will place in one view the result of his labours, so as to enable the world to judge with more
accuracy, both of their extent, and of their real importance in defining the limits of the genera and their orders.
The style and stigma, which had been previously almost overlooked, have furnished M. Cassini with what
appear to be beautiful distinguishing marks of his orders; and it is upon these organs that much of the pecu.
liarity of his arrangement depends.
In the mean while, till it can be ascertained what the ultimate division
of Compositae is likely to be, it has been considered more prudent in this work to indicate none of the divisions
of either M. Cassini, or of his fellow-labourers in France or elsewhere.
* In a popular point of view, Syngenesia may be considered interesting in a high degree. It abounds in plants
of ornament, all of which are, without exception, of easy cultivation. It is not necessary to particularize the
merits of the brilliant varieties of the Dahlia, or of the Chinese Chrysanthemum, which are the chiefest orna.
ments of every autumnal garden; nor to point out the beaut #the various tribes of Aster, Helianthus,
Coreopsis, Xeranthemum, or Gnaphalium. These and an hundred others must be familiar to every lover of
gardening. It is, however, worth remarking, that nearly all syngenesious plants are autumn flowers. In the
y become trees of considerable dimensions;
in temperate climates, they are mostly herbaceous or
ow busines.
... With regard to the qualities of syngenesious plants, considered economically or medicinally, it may be stated,
that, whatever they '' be, they consist in a bitter principle, and an oily secretion. But these vary in particular
tribes. In some the bitter is combined with a resinous principle, by which its powers are increased
in different degrees. In those plants in which the resin is found in small quantities only, and mixed with a
bitter or astringent mucilage, tonic, stomachic, and febrifugal properties seem to be acquired, as in the camo
mile, the golden rod, the feverfew, and the Eupatorium perfoliatum; and the stimulant powers of these plants
appear to increase in proportion as the resin is abundant. Some kinds are anthelmintic, as the wormwood and
tansy; others are emmenagogue, as the feverfew, the yarrow, and various kinds of wormwoods. Certain spe
cies possess sudorific qualities, as the Eupatorium, the yarrow, the wormwood, and the marigold; others,
again, are powerful diuretics, as Liatris; while stimulating powers exist in considerable activity in others, as
in the Sneezewort and Arnica. The Spilanthus, Anthemis, Pyrethrum, and some others, excite salivation.
The
Ayapana of Brazil, and the Guaco of Peru, which is another species of Eupatorium, are most
powerful alexiterics. According to the analysis of M. Braconnot, the wormwood owes its bitterness to an
extremely bitter animalized matter, which forms a little less than one fifth of its weight; the same chemist
also states that plant to contain a volatile oil, and an acid, apparently new, which is found in combination with
potash. Before, the perfect developement of the leaves. the bitter principle is so much diluted with insipid
mucilage, that the young shoots of some of the thistle tribe, the Cardoon for example, are used for culinary
purposes; and it is probable, that it is owing to the small proportion which the bitter bears to the whole mass,
that the receptacle of the artichoke, of the Onopordum, and of the cotton thistle, is found fit for food. The
corollas of the Cardoon, and of many thistles, have the power of curdling milk. The juice of the lettuce and
other cichoraceous plants is milky, bitter, astringent, and narcotic. In a wild state, the narcotic principle is so
abundant, that the inspissated juice of Lactuca virosa has been used as a substitute for opium, and with much
success. But under the effect of cultivation, the mucilage is so much more abundant than any other substance,
that the same species often form well-known articles of wholesome and agreeable food. And, indeed, under
any circumstances, wild or domesticated, the young shoots, when the narcotic principle is scarcely developed, are
frequently eaten with safety; it is for the same reason, namely, the incomplete formation of the bitter principle,
and the superabundance of mucilage, on account of the absence of light, that the blanched leaves of cardoons
and chiccory, and the white roots of the Scorzonera and the Salsafy, are capable of being eaten without inconve
nience. The seeds of all syngenesious plants abound in oil, which is expressed from those of the Madia of
Chili, the Verbesina sativa, and the common sunflower. Owing to the difficulty of procuring this oil in a pure
state, its virtues are not ascertained with much accuracy. They are generally believed to be slightly purgative
and diaphoretic.
Order 1.
AEQUALIS.
Flowers of the disk and ray all hermaphrodite.

1620. Geropogon. Receptacle setose-paleaceous. Invol. many-leaved, simple, or with bracteolae. Pericarps
of disk with branched pappus, of the ray with five awns.
* 1621. Tragopogon. Involucre simple, of many leaves.
ricarps longitudinally striated.
Receptacle naked.
Pappus feathery, stipitate.
Pe.
1622. Troximon. Invol. oblong, conical, simple, or imbricated with unequal scales. Recept naked, dotted.
Pappus sessile, hairy.
1623. Arnopogon. Recept naked.
Pappus feathery, stipitate.
Involucre 1-leaved, 8-parted, turbinate.
1624. Podospermum. Recept. warted. Pericarps cylindrical on a long stalk. Leaves finely cut. Otherwise
as Scorzonera.
1625. Scorzonera. Recept. naked. Pappus feathery, somewhat stalked. Invol. imbricated, with scales sca
rious at edge.
* >
1626. Picridium. Invol. ventricose at base, imbricated with broadish scales, membranous at edge. Pappus
sessile, villous, simple. Pericarps 4-cornered, warted across.
.
1627. Sonchus involucre imbricated, swelling at the base. Receptacle naked. Pappus simple, sessile.
1628. Lactuca. Involucre imbricated, cylindrical, its scales with a membranous margin. Receptacle naked.
Pappus simple, stipitate.
* :
1629. Chondrilla. Receptacle naked. Invol. with bracteolae. Pappus simple, stalked. Florets in many rows.
Pericarus muricated.
>
1630. Prenanthes. Involucre with scales at the base. Receptacle naked. Pappus simple, sessilc. Florets
few.
1631. Leontodon.
Involucre with scales that are frequently lax and flaccid.
Receptacle naked.
Pappus
simple, stipitate.
Involucre imbricated with scales at the base.
Receptacle naked, dotted.
Pappus feathery,
sessile, unequai.
1633.
Recept. favose.
Pappus of the ray membranous, multifid, of the disk stalked, feathcry.
Invol. with 8 angles and 8 leaves.
1634. Picris. Cal. double, the inner equal, the outer lax. Receptacle naked. Pappus feathery.
transversely striated.
Pericarps.
1635. Hieracium. Involucre ovate, imbricated. Receptacle nearly naked, dotted. Pappus simple, sessil.c. :
1636. Lagoscris has the characters of Crepis, but the pappus is stalked.
1637. Borkhausia. Invol. oblong in two rows, the outer much shorter than the inner. Recept alveolate:
Pappus of the centre stalked, of the circumference sessile or subsessiie.
1638. Crepis. Involucre surrounded with deciduous scales, and at length swelling into protuberances. Re
-
--
ceptacle roughish. Pappus sessile.

16:39. Helminthia. . Recept naked. Invol. double: outer 8-leaved, equal; inner 5-leaved, as long as outcr.
Pericarps striated across. Pappus stalked, feathery.
-
1640. Myoseris. Recept paiaceous. , Paleae capillary. Invol. calyculated. Pappus hairy, sessile.
1641. Tolpis. Recept."favose. Invol. with bracteolae, which are subulate, and as long as invol. Pappus of
the ray toothed, of the disk with 2 or 4 awns.
1643. Andryala. Recept. villous. Invol. unany-parted, nearly equal, rounded. Pappus simplc, sessile.
u 3
SYNGENESIA.
662
Rothia.
CLAss XIX.
Recept villous, chaffy at edge. Invo!, many-leaved, equal. Pappus hairy, of the disk sessile,
of the ray none.
rigia.
Recept naked.
Pappus membranous, 5-leaved, with 5 bristles between. Invol many-leaved,
simple,
:*
ceous, awn
#
Recept naked. Invol. with bracteolae.
Pappus double: exterior capillary; interior palea
1646. Hedypnois. Recept naked. Invol. with bracteolae.

of disk double: outer obsolete, of many
bristles; inner palenceous, 5-leaved; oftne ray a membranous toothletted margin.
1647. Robertia. Invol. many-leaved, equal. Recept. scaly. Pappus feathery, the hairs being slightly mem
Dranous at base.
1648. Seriola. Recept paleaceous. Invol. simple. Pappus somewhat hairy.

1649. Soldevilla. Invol. imbricated, in fruit ventricose at base, with scales conniving at end. Recept palea
ceous; paleae very short, setose. Pappus O.
1650. Hypocharris. Involucre oblong, imbricated. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus feathery, stipitate, or sessile.
1651. Lapsana. Involucre with scales at the base. Receptacle naked (its inner leaves equal, channelled,
Sm.) Pericarps destitute of pappus (deciduous).
1652, Zacintha. Recept naked. Pericarps of the ray incurved, of the disk straight. Pappus very short,
-
somewhat
Invol. with bracteolae, which are membranous.
1653. Rhagadiolus.
Recept. naked.
Pericarps arcuate, spreading. Pappus O.
Invol. with bracteolae
1654. Moscaria. Invol. 6-leaved, equal. Recept flat, paleaceous. External pericarps with a short feathery
*::
central with none.
Catananche.
Recept. paleaceous.
Invol. imbricated, scarious.
Pappus paleaceous, 5-leaved; paleae
awned.
ion.
Invol. imbricated, the exterior scales somewhat squarrose.
Florets bilabiate: the upper
lip 3-toothed; lower entire revolute. Recept villous. Pappus with 3 feathers.
1657. Cichorium. Involucre surrounded with scales or smaller leaflets. Receptacle naked or slightly hairy.
Pappus sessile,
shorter than the pericarp.
1658. Bacaxia. invol. imbricated, scarious. Florets, one in the middle large tubular; the others 4-toothed,
with a revolute bristle inserted in the mouth of the tube. Recept. pilose. Pappus feathery.
1659. Scolymnus. Receptacle paleaceous. Invol. imbricated, spiny. Pappus O.
'''
1660.
*:
Arctium. Involucre globose, each of its scales with an incurved hook at the extremity. Receptacke
Pappus simple.
1661. Serratula. Involucre cylindrical, imbricated with scales that are not spinous. Receptacle chaffy.
Pappus roughish or feathery, rigid, persistent.
1662. Saussurea. Involucre imbricated, not spiny, outer scales acute, inner obtuse, membranous. Pappus
feathery, in two rows, the exterior being shortest, the inner somewhat united at base.
1663.
art".
Involucre swelling, imbricated with spinous scales. Receptacle hairy.
Pappus deciduous,
roughish.
1664. Silybum.
Invol., ventricose, imbricated: outer leaves with appendages at end; inner cochleate.
Recept chaffy. Pappus linear, chaffy, deciduous.

Cnicus. Involucre swelling, imbricated with spinous scales.
athery.
rium.
1666,
Receptacle hairy. Pappus deciduous,

-
Involucre swelling, its scales spreading, and spinous. Receptacle cellular. Pappus deci
duous, rough.
1667. Berardia. Invol. imbricated with linear unarmed scales. Recept, somewhat favose, naked. Pappus
hairy, generally twisted spirally, persistent.
##
Recept. setose. Invol. dilated, imbricated; scales fleshy, emarginate, with a point. Pappus
sessile, feathery.
1669. Carlina.
Involucre swelling: the exterior scales with numerous spines; the inner ones colored,
scariose.
s:4".
Recept, paleaceous. Pappus feathery. Invol. imbricated with bracteolae. Florets of ray
toot
#.
Acarna.
Recept. paleaceous.
Pappus feathery.
Invol. imbricated with bracteolae.
Florets flos
Culous.
1672. Stokesia. Recept naked. Pappus with 4 bristles. Invol. leafy, somewhat imbricated. Heads radiated
florets of ray funnel-shaped, irregular.
1673. Stobaea. Invol. imbricated, with toothed spiny scales.
Pappus paleaceous.
Florets flosculous.
Recept. hispid, favose.
1674. Onobroma. Invol. ventricose: outer scales large, herbaceous, spiny, acuminate; inner coriaceous,
unarmed. Recept. paleaceous.
Pappus setaceous, rigid, unequal.
1675. Carthamus. Recept paleaceous, setose. Invol. ovate, imbricated; scales ovate, leafy at end. Pappus
paleaceous, hairy, or none.
1676. Cardopatum. Invol. 6-8-fl. many-leaved, imbricated, the outer scales branched, spiny. Recept. palea
ceous, with long fascicled paleae. Pericarps villous.
1677. Staehelina. Recept with very short paleae. Pappus feathery. Anthers awned at base. Invol. hemis
pherical, imbricated.
1678. Palaforia. Invol. oblong, somewhat imbricated, 8 or many-leaved, many-flowered. Cor. flosculous,
Pappus chaffy. Receptacle naked. Fruit marginal, wrapped up in the
than calyx, with a 5-fid limb.

nvolucre.
1679. Pteronia. Recept. paleaceous; paleae many-parted. Pappus somewhat feathery. Invol. imbricated
with keeled scales.
Wernonia.
capillary.
Recept naked.
Invol. ovate, imbricated. Pappus double: outer paleaceous; inner
681. Ammobium. Invol. imbricated, colored, radiant. Anthers with 2 bristles at the base.
Chaffs of
receptacle distinct. Pappus a toothed edge.

1
1683.
1684
Recept
1685.
1686.
Liatris. Recept, naked., Invol. oblong, imbricated. Pappus feathery.

Mikania. Recept naked. Invol. 4-6-leaved, equal, 4 or 6 flowered. Pappus hairy.
Invol. subglobose, imbricated with unequal scales, recurved, spreading at end.

naked. Pericarps crowned with a somewhat cartilaginous cup.
Eupatorium. Involucre imbricated, oblong. Florets few. Receptacle naked. Pappus rough.
Dumerilia. Invol. many-parted, equal. Receptacle paleaceous. Florets bilabiate. Anthers spurred
at base.
Pappus feathery, sessile.
c: ".
Recept naked. Pappus with 5 somewhat-awned paleae. Invol. oblong in a double row.
rollas +-o-rid.
1688. Caelestina. Invol. cylind, many-leaved, imbricated. Recept convex, maked Florets all tubular.
Stigmas very long, spreading. , Pericarps truncate, 5-cornered. Pappus a membranous rim.
1689. Stevia.
Recept. naked.
'' paleaceous.
Invol. cylindrical in a single row.
...:* Recept naked, hemispherical. Pappus paleaceous, many-leaved. Invol. many-leaved,

1691. Amphirenis.
Invol. hemispherical, imbricated. Recept, flat, naked. Florets all tubular. Pericarps
*''.
naked. #"; hairy,
exed.
no
us.
"::us.
-
*
2 to 18 rough
bristles.
Invol. many-leaved,
*** y
ed, spreading;
scales ovate, colored.
1'.'
Recept paleaceous,angular.
convex.
naked.
Recept., naked
Invol. many-leaved.
y
- in a double row.
Pappus
pi
Pappus
of from
pp.
CLAss XIX.
SYNGENESIA.
665
1694. Marshallia. Recept paleaceous. Pappus of 5 membranous acuminate paleae. Invol. imbricated;
scales somewhat lanceolate, incumbent.
Recept paleaceous, conical.
# #".
Pappus with 2 awns, one smaller than the other.
Invol.
nearly equa
1696. Salmea.
Recept conical, palcaceous. Pappus with 2 awns. Pericarps depressed.
Invol. imbricated.
1697. Bidens. Involucre of many leaves, with many foliaceous bracteas at the base. Receptacle plane,
chaffy. Cor sometimes radiant. Pericarps crowned with from 2-5 persistent awns, which are rough, with
minute deflexed bristles.
1698. Platypteris.
Invol. many-leaved, imbricated, squarrose.
Recept convex, paleaceous.
Pericarps
compressed, winged, with 2 awns at top.
1699. Lagascea.
Invol. 1-leaved, tubular, 1-flowered, divided at end.
Pericarpe linear, cuneate, compressed.
Floret tubular, hermaphrodite.
Pappus a small fringed crown.
1700. Lavenia. Recept naked. Pappus with 3 awns, glandular at end. Invol. ovate, somewhat imbri
ted.
1701. Cacalia. Recept naked, Pappus pilose. Invol cylindrical, oblong, at the base only with bracteolae.
1702. Kleinia. Recept naked. Pappus hairy. Invol. simple, equal, 5-leaved.
Recept naked. Pappus a narrow rim invol. equal, in a double row.
1704. Piqueria. Recept naked. Invol. equal, 4-leaved, 4-flowered, Pappus none. Pericarps pentagonal.
*: Chrysocoma. Recept naked. Pappus simple. Invol. hemispherical, imbricated. Style scarcely longer
1703. Ethulia.
n forets.
1706. Tarchonanthus. Recept villous. Pericarps enveloped in hair. Invol. 1-leaved, half 7-fid, turbinate.
1707. Caled.
t. paleaceous.
Pappus hairy.
Invol. imbricated.
1708. Isocarpha. Recept paleaceous conical, the outer paleae forming the involucrum. Pappus O. Anthers
not spurred at base. Stigmas with a long appendage.
1709. Petrobium. Recept. paleaceous, flattish. Invol. many-leaved, in 2 rows: outer row shortest. Peri
*:
Pappus awned.
l 10. Neurolaena. Recept: paleaceous, flattish. Pappus capillary, toothletted, persistent. Invol. imbricated,
''':
*%
Anthers awnless at the base.
1711. Humea. ": minute, glandular.
Pappus none. Invol. loosely imbricated, membranous. Florets

about 3, tubular. Anthers awned.
1712. Caesulia. Recept paleaceous: paleae enveloping the perica
Pappus O. Invol. 3-leaved.
1713. Irodia. Recept paleaceous. Pappus O. Invol. imbricated: inner scales radiant colored.
1714. Santolina.
paleaceous. Pappus O. Invol. imbricated, hemispherical.
1715. Otanthus. Invol. hemispherical imbricated.
Florets with 2 appendages at base. Recept convex,
paleaceous. Pappus O.
1716. Caleacte. The same as Calea, but it has a radius of ligular female florets.
1717. Athanasia. Recept. paleaceous. Pappus paleaceous, very short. Invol. imbricated.
1718. Balsamita. Recept naked. Pappus ''
nvol. imbricated.
1719. Pentzia. Recept. naked. Pappus a membranous torn rim. Invol. imbricated, hemispherical.
SUPERFLUA.
* Florets of the disk hermaphrodite : of the ray-female.
1720. Tanacetum. Invol. hemispherical, imbricated. Recept naked. Florets of the ray trifid, obsolete
sometimes wanting. Pericarps crowned with a membranous margin or pappus.
1721. Artemisia. Invol. ovate or rounded, imbricated. Recept naked (or downy, Sm.). Florets of the ray
subulate. Pericarps crowned with a membranaceous pappus.
1722. Gnaphalium. Recept. naked. Pappus hairy or feathery. Invol. imbricated: marginal scales round,
scarious, colored.
1723. Leontopodium. Heads sessile in the leaves. Invol. woolly. Florets 5-fid. Pappus pencilled or hairy.
Otherwise Guaphalium.
1724. Evar. Heads surrounded by bracteac. Invol. ovate, imbricated, with appressed acuminate scales.
Florets of disk 4-toothed: of the ray not toothed. Recept subulate, paleaceous. Pericarps of the female
flowers without pappus.
1725. Antennaria. Recept scrobiculate. Pappus capillary. Invol. imbricated, scarious, colored. Anthers
spurred at base. . Florets dioecious.
1726. Metalasia. Invol. cylindrical, radi
lored. Pappus decid
, capillary, cl
Florets few,
hermaphrodite. Otherwise as Gnaphalium.
1727. Astelma. Recept. naked. Pappus feathery, sessile: rays connate at base. Invol. imbricated: with
scarious scales, the interior of which are connivent.
1728. Athriria. Heads radiant. Invol. obl. imbricated, awned, squarrose.
Florets bilabiate. Pappus
feathery. Recept. alveolate.
1729 Xeranthemum. Recept. paleaceous. Pappus paleaceous-setaceous. Invol. imbricated, radiated: with
a colored ray.
730. Elichrysam. Recept naked. Pappus hairy or feathery. Invol. imbricated, radiated: ray colored.
1. Carpesium. Recept. naked. Pappus O., Invol. imbricated, with the outer scales reflexed.
1732. Baccharis. Recept naked. Pappus pilose. Invol. imbricated, cylindrical. Female florets mixed
with the hermaphrodite ones.
1733. Molina. Invol. campanulate, imbricated. Pappus feathery. Recept convex, naked, dotted. Flowers
dioecious.
1734. Conyza. Invol. roundish, imbricated. Recept naked. Florets of the ray 3 cleft. Pappus rough.
1735. Madia. Recept naked. Pappus O. Invol. double: outer 8-10-leaved, equal, longer t
thc inner,
which is many-leaved.
1736. Erigeron. Invol. imbricated. Recept naked. Florets of the ray numerous, very narrow, mostly of a
different color from the disk.
Pappus simple.
1737. Tussilago. Invol. simple, equal, submembranaceous, swelling. Recept naked, Pappus simple.
r:
Senecio. Invol. subcylindrical, equal, scaly below; the scales withered at the tip. Recept naked.
appus simple.
-
1739. Aster. Invol. imbricated, its lowermost scales spreading (except in A. trifolium).
Florets of the ray more than 10.
Recept naked.
Pappus simple.
1740. Solidago. Invol. imbricated, its scales connivent. Recept naked. Florets of the ray (of the same
colour as the disk) about 5.
Pappus rough.
1741. Cineraria. Recept naked. Pappus simple. , Invol. simple, many-leaved, equal,
1742. Calotis. Recept naked. Pericarps crowned with two opposite palcae and 1-3-barbed awns. Invol.
nearly equal, many-leaved, in a single or double row.
1743. Kaufussia. Invoi simple: leaflets keeled. Recept naked, convex. Pappus of the ray a minute
fringed rim; of the disk stiff and feathery.
1744. Inula. Invol. imbricated. Recept naked. Florets of the ray very numerous, linear.
-
2 bristles at the base. Pappus simply composed of hairs.
Anthers with
1745. Pulicaria. Invol: roundish, imbricated: scales linear, acuminate. Recept naked. Pappus com
pound: outer a membranous cup; inner setaceous. Pericarps uniform., .
1746. Grindelia. Recept. naked Pappus *: deciduous. Invol. imbricated, hemispherical
-
u 4
664
CLAss XIX.
SYNGENESIA.
; 1747. Podolepis. Reccpt. naked. Pappus hairy. invol. imbricated, scarious, hemispherical: scales an
guiculatc.
g
1748. Chattanthera. Invol. many-leaved, ciliated. Florets of ray linear, 3-toothed, with a fine bifid spiral
-
segment at the divisions. Anthers spurred at base. Recept. naked, flat. i'appus hairy.
1749. Arnica. Iteccot. naked. Pappus simple. Invol. with equal leaves. Florets of ray-generally with
5 filaments without anthers.
1750. Gerberia. Florets bilabiato, those of thc ray ligulate. Invol. imbricated, coriaceous. Recept flat,
maked. Pappus with long bearded paleae.
1751. Dorunicum. Scales of the invol. in 2 equal rows, longer than the disk. Recept naked. Pericarps of
the disk crowned with a simple pappus, those of the ray without a pappus.
1752. Perrlicium. Rccept. nakel. Pappus hairy. Florets 2-lipped.
1753. Tetragonothcca.
paleaceous. Pappus O. invol. 1-leaved, 4-cornered, 4-parted.
1754. Ximenesia. Recept. Paleaceous. Pappus O. Pericarps of ray naked, emarginate; of the disk winged.
Invol. many-leaved, nearly equal.
s
1753. Helenium. Recept. maked, of the ray paleaceous. Pappus 5-awned. Invol. 1-leaved, many-parted.
Florets of ray half-trifid.
1756. Bellis. Invol.
its scales equal. Recept naked, conical.
1757. Britium. Recept. maked. Pericarps conical, with a paleaceous 8-leaved crown and awned pappus.
Leaves of invol. equal.
tecept. paleaccous. Pappus O. Invol. double: outer many-leaved; inner 1-leaved,
partc.
-
|''
s: bwa
1759. Rebera. Invol. double: outer many-leaved; inner 8-leaved. Recept, naked. Pappus hairy.
1760. Tagetes. Recept naked. Pappus with 5 erect awns. Invol. simple, 1-leaved, 5-toothed, tubular.
Florcts of ray 5, persistent.
1761. Heterospermum. Recept. naked. Outer grains compressed with a membranous edge; inner oblong
with two awns invol. double: outer 4-parted; inner many-leaved.
*
1762. Schkuhria. . Recept naked. Pappus paleaceous. Invol. 5-leaved. Florets of ray solitary.
17t:3. Pectis.
Recept naked.
Pappus with 3 or 5 awns.
Invol. 5-leaved.
Florets of ray 5.
1764. Longchampsia. Differs from Pectis and Leysera, in having a double pappus, the exterior of which is
culged, the inner feathery.
765. Leysera. Recept somewhat palcaceous. Pappus palcaceous: of the disk feathery. Invol. scarious,
17titi. Schoa. Invol. imbricated, ovate. Recept naked. Pappus O. Female florets inconspicuous, mixed
among the leaves of the involucrum.
-
1767. Rclhania. Recept paleaceous. Pappus membranous, cylindrical, short. Invol. imbricated, scarious.
Rays numerous.
1768. Zinnia. Recept paleaceous. Pappus with 2 erect awns. Invol. ovate, cylindrical, imbricated. Florets
of ray 5, persistent, entire.
1769. Chrysanthemum. Invol. hemispherical, imbricated with scales whose borders are membranous.
Recept. naked. Pappus none.
1770. Pyrethrum. Recept. hemispherical, imbricated with scales whose borders are membranous. Recept.
naked. Pericarps crowned with a membranous margin.
-
1771. Matricaria. Invol. hemispherical or almost plane, imbricated with scales whose borders are mem
branous.
Recept naked, almost cylindrical.
Pappus none.
1772. Boltonia. Recept favose, hemispherical. Pappus toothed, awned, somewhat 2-horned. Rays nume.
rous.
Invol. imbricated.
1773. Lidbeckia. Recept, naked. Pappus O. Pericarps angular, with the lowest joint of style persistent.
Rays numerous.
Invol. many-parted.
1774. Cenia. Invol. in fruit turbinate, multifid.

Pericarps compressed.
1775. Cotula. Recept nearly naked.
Florets of ray very numerous, short.
Pappus margined.
Recept naked.
Florets of disk 4-fid, of the ray scarcely any.
1776. Grangea. invol. imbricated, spreading. Marginal florets 3-toothed. Recept. hemispherical. Peri
carps with a toothed edge at

1777. Anacyclus. Recept paleaceous.
Pappus emarginate.
Pericarps with membranous edges.
1778. Anthemis. Invol. hemispherical, its scales nearly equal, their margins scarious. Recept convex,
chaffy. Pericarps crowned with a membranous border or pappus.
1779. Centrospermum. Invol. hemispherical, of many imbricated, round, scarious scales. Recept naked.
Pappus spiny. Outer pericarps cymbiform, smooth.
1780. Sanvitalia. Recept. * Pericarps of ray with 3 awns: of the side naked, warted; of the dis
winged.
Invol. imbricated, flat.
1781. Achillca. Invol. ovate, imbricated, unequal. Recept plane, chaffy. Florets of the ray 5-10, roundish,
obcordate . Pericarps naked.
1782. Tridar. Invol. cylindrical, imbricated, with ovate oblong scales. Florets of ray 3-parted. Recept.
Paleaceous. Pappus hairy, simple.
1783. Almcilus. Recept, paleaceous. Pappus simple. Invol. imbricated. Florets of ray undivided.
1784. Starkea... Recept hirsute. Pappus sessile, hairy. Invol. imbricated.
#
ula. Invol. cylindrical, imbricated. Florets of ray undivided. Recept naked, favose. Pappus
a tootheti edge.
1785. Eclipta. Recept. p' Pappus O. Florets of disk 4-fid.

1787. Meyera. Invol. 4-leaved, the 2 inner smallest. Recept small, paleaceous, 2 paleae enveloping the
pericarp, keeled.
Pappus O.
1788. Chrysanthellum... Invol. cylindrical, about as long as florets, scaly at base. Recept. paleaceous Florets
numerous, linear, 2-toothed, short, of the centre few, and generally abortive. Pericarps naked, roundish,
furrowed, with an entire edge.
1789. Siegesbeckia... Recept paleaceous..., Pappus O. Outer invol. 5-leaved, inner spreading. Ray halved.
1790. Verbesina.
Recept. paleaceous.
Pappus awned.
Invol. in one row.
Florets of the ray about 5.
1791. Synedrella. Invol. generally of 2 leaves. , Florets flosculous. Recept. obsolete, paleaceous: paleae
glumaceous; the outer ovate. Pericarps oval, flat, edged; the central dissimilar, near, oblong, with 2 or 3 awns.
17: Galins'gea. Recept palcaceous. . Pappus many-leaved, paleaceous. hvo imbricated.
1793. Acmella. Invol. simple, with a few somewhat leafy divisions. Recept. oblong, paleaceous. Heads
radiant.
Pericarps 4-cornered, truncate at end, naked.
1794. Zaluania. Invol. with distinct, somewhat ovate, equal segments. Head radiant. . Recept, conical,
falcacous; paleae membranous, trifid, involving the pericarps, which are 4-cornered and naked.
1795. Pascalia. Recept. palcaceous. Pericarps drupaceous. Pappus a toothed rim. Invol. imbricated.
1796. Heliopsis.
Invol.palcae.
imbricated,
with4-cornered.
ovate lined squamae.
conical,
with lanceolate
Pericarps
Pappus O.Gor. of ray linear, large. Recept paleaceous,
1797, Buphthalmum. Reccpt. paleaceous. Pappus an obsolete rim. Sides of pericarps, especially of the
l
ray, edged.
N
Order 3.
FRUSTRANEA.
Florets of the disk fertile : of the ray sterile.

1798. Helianthus. Recept. paleaceous, flat., Pappus 2-leaved. Invol. imbricated, subsquarrose.
17*. marginal
Gymnoloma.
Invoi."hemispherical
imbri
stcrile;
radiant.
Pappus
* loosely
y. imbricated.
-
Rccept,
lcaccous.
l convex , pa
palC
Central florets
CLAss XIX.
SYNGENESIA.
#: Rudbeckia.
665
Recept. palcaceous, conical. Pappus with a 4-toothed rim. Invol with a double row of
scales.
1801, Galardia. Recept paleaceous, hemispherical. Pappus palcaccous, many-leaved. Invol. imbricated,
many-leaved, flat.
Rays 3-parted.
1802. Tithonia. Invol. many-leaved, cylindrical. Rays 3-toothed.
Recept, palcaccous, convex. Pappus
Paieaceous, 5-leaved.
1803. Cosmea. . Recept paleaceous. Pericarps 4-cornered. Pappus with 2 or 3 awns. Invol. double, cach
1-leaved, 8-parted.
1804. Coreopsis. Recept paleaceous.
double, each many-leaved.
Pericarps compressed, emarginate.
Pappus with 2 horns
invol.
1805. Simsia. Invol. subcylindrical, nearly equal, with linear lanceolate incumbent scales. Recept palca
ceous. Pericarps flattish, somewhat edged, ' edge awned.

1806. Osmites. Recept. paleaceous. Pappus obsolete. Florets of ray ligulate. Invol. imbricated scarious.
Recept. paleaceous. Pappus O. Pericarps vertical, flat, with a ciliated edge. Invol. in
*:
".
icated
1808. Sclerocarpus. Recept. paleaceous. Pappus O.
Cullumia. Recept. favose. Pericarps smooth.

eaflets.
1810, Berckheya., Recept favose.
Invol. double, each 3-leaved.

Pappus O. invol. 1-leaved, covered with imbricated
Pericarps villous.
Pappus paleaceous (sometimes bristly-paleaceous,
ciliated). Invol. 1-leaved, covered with imbricated leaflets.

1811. Didelta. Recept. favose, inclosing the pericarps, Pappus many-parted, setaceous, paleaceous, toothed.
Invol. 1-leaved, covered with leaflets, the exterior very large.
1812. Gorteria. . Recept scrobiculate. Pappus a ciliated edge. Invol. 1-leaved, covered with imbricatcd
leaflets, of the fruit indurated, connivent, deciduous.
1813. Gazania. Recept naked, or alveolate. Pericarps very villous. Pappus hairy-paleaceous. Invol.
1-leaved, the tube naked, or covered with imbricated leaflets.
1814. Cryptostemma. Recept favose. Pappus paleaceous, covered by the entangled wool of the pericarp.
Invol. imbricated.
1815. Arctotheca. Recept. favose. Pappus O. Invol. imbricated.

1816. Sphenogyne. Recept. with distinct paleae.
paleaceous, simple, Stigmas with a dilated trun
cated end. Invol. imbricated, the inner scales or all with a dilated scarious end.
1817. Zoegea. Recept setose. Pappus setaceous. Rays ligulate. Invol. imbricated.
1818. Leuzea. Invol. imbricated, spherical, not spiny.
Recept. bristly. Pappus feathcry, in many rows.
Florets all hermaphrodite.

1819. Centaurea. Invol. scaly. Recept. bristly. Corollas of the ray infundibuliform, irregular, longer than
those of the disk. Pappus simple.
1820. Galactites. Invol. imbricated, with somewhat squarrose spiny scales. Recept favose. Pappus
feathery, deciduous.
1821. Wedelia. Invol. 5-leaved, with broad leafy segments. Recept paleaceous. Florets of the centre
"
abortive, of the ray many, oval, 2-3-fid. Stigmas setaceous. Pappus stipitate, membranous, tooth
Order 4.
1822.
1823.
1824.
1825.
Six #
NECESSARIA.
Florets of the ray female fertile : of the disk male.

Milleria. Recept naked. Pappus O. Invol. of 3 valves. , Ray halved.
Baltimora. Recept paleaceous. Pappus O. Invol. cylindrical, many-leaved. Ray 5-flowered.
Silphium. Recept. paleaceous. Pappus with a 2 horned edge. Invol. squarrose,
Trixis. Invol. imbricated. Cor. of ray 3-fid. Recept. paleaceous. Pappus O. Pericarps villous at
end.
1826. Polymnia. Recept. paleaceous. Pappus O. Invol. double: outer 4 or 5-leaved; inner 10-leaved, with
common leaflets.
1827. Chrysogonum. Invol. 5-leaved. Recept paleaceous. Pappus 1-leaved, 3-toothed. Pericarps with a
little 4-leaved calyx.
1828. Melampodium. Recept. paleaceous, conical. Pappus 1-leaved, vulviform. Invol. 5-leaved.
1829. Chaytalia. Recept naked. Pappus capillary. Florets of the ray in a double row, deformed; of the
disk bilabiate.
1830. Calendula. Recept naked.
Pappus O.
Invo, many-leaved, equal.
branous.
Pericarps of the disk mem

-
1831. Arctotis. Recept setose-alveolate. Pericarps half 2-celled, or 2-furrowed at the back. Pappus palea
ceous. Invol. imbricated, with scales scarious at end.
1832. Osteospermum. Recept naked. Pappus O.
Invol, many-leaved. Pericarps globose, colored, bony.
1833. Othonna. Recept naked. Pappus hairy. . Invol. 1-leaved, many-cut.

1834. Hippia. Recept naked. Pappus O. Pericarps with very broad edges, naked. Invol. hemispherical,
-
somewhat imbricated.
Florets of ray 10, obsoletely trifid.
1835. Soliva. invol. 7-leaved, leaflets with imbricated edges, the 3 outer largest Ray none. Recept very
small, somewhat villous. Pericarps compressed, surrounded by a membrane, crowned by 2 prickles and the
style.
's. Psiadia. Recept naked. Pappus hairy, sessile. Invol. imbricated, ovate. Florets of ray short.
1837. Eriocephalus. Recept paleaceous. Pappus O., Invol. double: inner, 1-leaved; outer 5-leaved,
1838. Filago. Recept paleaceous. Pappus 0. Invol. imbricated. Female florets mixed among the scales
1839. Micropus. Recept paleaceous. Pappus O. Invol. calyculate. Rays none. Female florets en
wrapped in the scales of
Parthenium. Recept paleaceous, flat. Pericarps obovate, nearly naked. Invol.5-leaved.
1841. Isa. Recept, pilose Pericarps naked, blunt. Invol 3-leaved. Florets of ray 5. Styles' long.
of involucre.
1842. Acica, pha." invol. 5-parted. Cor all tubular. Recept. paleaceous, the palea being united with the
pericarps after flowering. Pappus O. Stamens half-separate.
Order 5.
SEGREGATA.
*
- -
Each floret having its own peculiar involucre.

1843. Elephantopus. Invol.4-flowered. Florets ligulate, hermaphrodite. Recept, naked. Pappus tetaceous.
1844 CEer."fnvol. many-flowered. Tubular florets hermaphrodite, and one or more female and ligulate.
Recept paleaceous.
Pappus with many paleae.
Taveria. P' invol. 2-5-flowered. Common invol. imbricatcd with unequal scales.
Florets tubular, 1 often ligulate., Pappus O. : naked. ..
1846. State. invol. 1-flowered. Floret tubular, hermaphrodite. Recept, naked. Pappus feathcry.
1847. Nauenbergia. Partial invol. 2-leaved, 1-flowered; common invol. leafy. Pappus O. Rcceptacle
setose.
*
-
Class XIX.
SYNGENESIA.
666
1848. Cassinia. Invol. 2.flowered, 4-leaved. Florets hermaphrodite. Pappus paleaceous, pencilled. Recept.
naked.
1849. Sphaeranthus. invol. 8-flowered. Florets tubular, hermaphrodite, and obsoletely female. Recept.
scaly. Pappus O.
1850. Echinops. Invol. 1-flowered. Florets tubular, hermaphrodite. Recept, setose. Pappus obsolete.
1851. Rolandra. Florets fascicled in a head, with scales between. Invo 2-valved, 1-flowered. Florets
hermaphrodite. Pappus O.
Le QUALIS.
1620. GEROPO'GON. W. Old MAN's Beard.
Compositae.
Pk
O or 14.jl.au
smooth
O or 1* jl.au R
hirsute
Pk
jLau
2
or
A
St
perennial
11057 calycultus W.
Compositae.
1621. ThacoPO'GON. W. Goat's Beand.
Pu
jl.au
1
CD
or
St
hoary
11058 canus W. & K.
Pu
3.jl.au
narrow-leaved St CD or
11059 angustifolius L.
OD or 2 myjn Y
yellow
11060 pratensis W.
CD or 3 myjn Pa
11061 mutabilis Jac.
changeable
or 2 my.jn W.Y.
wave-leaved
11062 undultus W.
Y
St O or 3 jn.jl
oriental
11063 orientlis W.
O) or 6 myjn Y
great
11064 major W.
Y
my.jn
3
O)
or
11065 floccsus W. & K. woolly
CD cul 4 my.jn Pu
Salsafy
11066 porriflius W.
Pu.
11067 crociflius W.
Crocus-leaved 3 CD or 1 jn.jl
11068 villsus W.
SY O or 4 my.jn P.Y
hairy
Jy.
1105.5
11056 hirs(itus W.
#3
1622. TFOXIMON. Gaertn.
TRoxiMon.
my.jn Y
1 Composite.
Y
1 jLau
Wirginian
Compositae.
1623. ARNOPOGON. J.W. Sheep's BEARD.
L.Y.
11071 Dalechmpii W.
great-flowered Y A pr2 jn.o
O pr1 jl.au Y
prickly-cupped
11072 picroides W.
O pr11.jl.au Y
rough
11073 asper W.
t1624. PODOSPER''MUM. Dec. Podospermum.
Compositae.
Y
A prl jn.jl
11074 calcitrapifolium Dec. Centaury-lvd.
Y
O) pr. 2 jn.jl
cut-leaved
11075 lacinitum Dec.
Y
St Opr 1 jn.jl
11076 octangulre Dec. octagon
Composite.
1625. SCORZONE/RA. W. Vipen's GRAss.
Y
* A prijn
tuberous
1077 tuborsa W.
Y
A prl jn.jl
white
1078 tomentsa W.
Y
A pr. 1 au
dwarf
1079 h(milis Jac.
Y
a cul 3 jn.s
arden
1080 hispnica W.
Y
jn.s
pr2
a
Woad-leaved
1081 glastiflia W.
Y
Carex-leaved sy. A pr11.jn.s
1082 cariciflia W.
Pu
my.jn
pr2
A
purple-flowered:
11083 purprea W.
Pk
Rose-colored St. A pr1: jl
11084 rsea W.
Grass-leaved sy. A pr2 jm.au L.Y
11085 graminiflia W.
A prijn.au Y
narrow-leaved
Y
A pr1 jn.au
woolly-seeded
11087 criosprma W.
A pr. ; jn.au Y
Dandelion-lvd.
11088 taraxaciflia W.
A pr1 jn.au Y
Taurian
11089 ta(rica Bieb.
small-flowered Sy Apr 2 jl.au Y
Jacq.
11000
* A prl jl.au Y
woolly
11091 lanta Bieb.
sword-leaved sy. A pr1 myjn Y
11092 ensiflia Bieb,
St. A pri myjn Y
hairy
L.
11093 hirsuta
11069 gladicum Ph.
11070 virginicum Ph.
('eave
A or
a or
#
#
".
taly
1704. S
1759. S
1774. S
Italy
Italy
co
CO
Bot. mag. 479

Col. ecph.1. t.231
Jac. wind.2. t. 106
*f; 11-17.
ungary 1824. S
1823. S
Italy
Britain
S
S
1790. S
1787. S
1788. S
1816. S
mime. S
1739. S
1794. S
st.
Siberia
Crimea
Levant
816.
Austria
Hungary
England
Italy
Spain
Sp.23.
Missouri
1811.
Co
r.m.
Co
Eng. bot. 434

Jac.ic. l. t. 157
Jac. ic. 1. t. 158
Jac. aust. 1. t. 29
Co
r. In
Plrar.hu.2t 112
Eng bot. 638

Col. ecph.l. t.230
Bot. mag. 1667
N. Amer, 1799. D
Sp. 36.
S. Europe 1739. D
Bot mag. 1623
S. Europe 1683.
Lam.ill. t.646.1.
Montpel. 1774. S
Sp. 3-6.
vant
1820.
Buxb cent,9.1%
S. Europe 1640. S
S. Europe 1818. S
Sp. 19-33.
1825. D
olga
Jac. aust.4. t.356
Armenia 1789.
Pal.it.app.t.Y.f3
Jac. aust. 1. t.36
Europe 1597. D
1576. D
Spain
Germany 1816. D
Siberia
Lam ill. t.647.f.5
1805.
P.it.3.ap.t.J.ifl
D
Austria 1759. D
Hungary 1807. D
Portugal 1759. D
S. Europe 1759. D
1805. D
Sioeria
Bohemia 1801. D
1820.
Tauria
1819. D
Austria
1824. D
Iberia
Caucasus 1825. D
S. Europe 1818. D
Jac. aust. 1. t.35

Plrar.hu.2.t.191
Jac.obs. 4. t. 100
Pl.rar.hu2t.12
Jac.ic, 1. t. 160
Jacq. aust. t.305

Mor se.7.t-6f.17
All ped. 31.
N
11057
yttan, an old man, and royan, a beard; in allusion to the long
from
1620. Geropogon. So named
"eard of the seeds.
n.
7:ayor, a goat, and rayan, a beard; a name applied in the same way as Ger
From
pogon.
Trago or Salsary, has a fong tapering fleshy white root, which is used like carrots or parsneps, an culti
porrifolius,
T. 1621.
vated in gardens for that purpose." The flavor of the root is mild and sweetish; dressed like asparagus, there
ts some resemblance in taste. It is occasionally grown in British gardens, and a good deal in those of France
similarly to the carrot.

and Germany. It is raised and treated in all
culture as this species, and was formerly pre erred to it.
silky
T. pratensis answers equally well
~~
CLAss XIX.
SYNGENESIA.
1852. Brotera.
667
Partial invol. 1-flowered, many-leaved, common 6-8-flowered, imbricated, many-leaved.
Florets tubular, uniform.

1853. Gundelia.
#ollows
naked. Pericarp covered by the adhering involucre.
of the recept. 5-flowered. Florets tubular, male
Invol. O.
and hermaphrodite.
Recept paleaceous, Pappus O.

1854. Eurenia. Invol. 1-leaved, 10-cleft, reflexed, two of the segments larger than the rest. Anthers dis
tinct.
Pappus none.
Recept chaffy.
AEQUALIS.
11055 Leaves smooth
11056 Leaves hairy

1105.7 Involucrum with scales at the base
11058 Invol. 8-leaved as long as ray, and peduncles downy, Leaves linear straight
11059 Involucre 8-leaved longer than rays of corolla, Leaves entire straight smooth
11060 Invol. about as long as the cor. Leaves undivided glabrous acuminated channelled, Peduncles cylindrical
11061
11062
11063
11064
11065
11066
11067
11068
Invol.8-leaved as long as rays of cor. Leaves entire straight lanc. acuminate

Invol. as long as rays of cor. Leaves entire sub-linear; those of the stem very wavy
Invol. shorter than ray of cor. Leaves entire somewhat wavy
Invol. longer than ray of cor. Lvs. entire straight, Pedunc. thickened upwards, Florets rounded at end
Woolly with down, Invol. shorter than ray of cor. Lvs. linear channelled: cauline revolute
Invol. much longer than the cor. Leaves undivided straight, Peduncle thickened upwards
Invol. 5-leaved longer than ray of cor. Leaves entire, Radical and peduncles villous at base
Invol. half as long again as ray of cor. Stem and leaves villous
11069 Scape 1-fl. Leaves of invol. imbricated cuspidate, Leaves linear entire glaucous on each side
11070 Smooth glaucous, Stem erect 2-3-fid somewhat naked, Leaves smooth: radical sublyrate
11071 Invol. downy unarmed, Leaves runcinate toothed
11072 Invol. hispid aculeate, Leaves runcinate toothletted: cauline dilated at base
11073 Invol. hispid aculeate, Leaves entire: cauline obl. attenuated at base
11074 Lower leaves lyrate with obl. mucronate segments: upper pinnatifid
11075 Lower leaves pinnatifid: upper linear, Invol. smooth: lower scales
mucronate
11076 Lower leaves decursively pinnatifid lanc.: upper linear-lanceolate, Invol. before opening 8 angular
11077 Stem 1-flowered leafy, Leaves linear downy beneath, Root tuberous
11078 Leaves ovate nerved downy entire sessile
11079 Stem somewhat naked about 1-flowered, and scales of invol. woolly, Leaves obl.lanc. nerved flat
11080 Stem branched, Leaves amplexicaul. lanc. entire subserrulate at base
11081 Stem about 1-fl. leafy, Leaves lin, lanc. acuminate smooth nerved flat
11082 Stem about 1-fl. leafy ascending, Leaves lanc. ensif smooth nerved flat, Ray longer than invol.
11083 Leaves lin. subul. channelled triquetrous, Stem branched
11084 Leaves lanc. lin. flat: cauline keeled linear, Stem 1-flowered
11085 Leaves lin. ensif. acum. rigid nerved keeled, Invol. villous leafy at base, Stem somewhat branched
11086 Leaves subulate entire, Pedunc. thickened, Stem villous at base
lio37 Leaves lin. acum. keeled woolly at base, Stem branched, Invol. woolly, Fruit downy
11088 Leaves runcinate blunt smooth, Scape leafless branched, Peduncles thickened
11089 Stem leafy
and invol. downy, Lower leaves lanc. acuminate entire downy: upper lin. subulate
11090 Stem branched leafy at base, Leaves lanc. ensif smooth nerved flat, Ray shorter than cal.
11091 Stem 1-fl. leafy at base, Leaves lin. lanc. wavy silky with down all over
11092 Stem leafy many-flowered erect, Leaves nerved filiform acuminate. Invol. and seeds woolly
inog3 Leaves linear and 1-flowered, Stem hairy

11084
1622. Trorimon. So named by Gaertner, from ratsaos, eatable: but, as Sir James Smith observes, without
much propriety.
1623. Arnopogon. So named from aer
, a lamb, and rayaw, a beard: see Geropogon. This is the same
genus as has been called by Scopoli and Willdenow, Urospermum.
1624. Podospermum. From rug robox, a foot, and wrian, seed, on account of the long stalk of the fruit.
Small herbaceous plants with the flowers of Scorzomera.
1625. Scorzonera. From scurzon, the Catalonian name of the viper. The plants are esteemed in Spain as
a certain remedy for the bite of a viper; but it is believed that the slender tortuous form of the roots has
CLAss XIX.
SYNGENESIA AEQUALIS.
"668
11094 muricta Dec.
muricated
11095 asprrima W.
roughest
1626. PICRI/I)iuM. P. S. PicaroruM.

various-leaved
11096 vulgre P. S.
S. A pr
jn.au Y
St. A prl jn.au Y
Compositae.
O cul 1*.jm.au Y
S. Europe 1820. Doo

1821.
Galatia
D co
*: 3.
1773. S co
rance
Snchus picroides W.
O or 11 jn.s
Y
Barbary 1713. S.
Tangier
11007 tingitnum P. S.
1781. D
jl.o
W.Y. France
pale-flowered Y. A or
11098 albidum P. S.
Crpis albida W.
Composite. Sp. 25-40.
Sow THISTLE.
*1627. SON CHUS. W.
St. A pr2 jls
Y
S. Europe 1748. D
sea
11099 maritimus W.
* L or 3 apji
Y
Madeira 1777. S.
shrubby
11100 fruticsus W.
a u-J or 3
...
Y
Madeira 1777. C
wing-leaved
11101 pinntus W.
* L or 3
...
Y
Madeira 1816. C
smooth
11102 laevigtus W. en
* Lu or 3
...
Y
Madeira 1816. C
lyre-leaved
11103 lyrtus W.en.
a u_j or 3 jl
Y
Canaries 1780. C
long-rooted
11104 radictus W.
St Apr 6 jl.au Y
England riv.ba. D
tall marsh
11105 palustris W.
So a w
1; jLau Y
Britain cornfi. D
Corn
11106 arvnsis Jy.
O w 2 jm.au Y
Britain fields. S
Common
11107 oleraceus W.
O un 2 jl.au Y
S. Europe 1691. S
clammy
11108 tenrrimus W.
Sy A or 6 jl.au B
Pyrenees 1794. D
Plumier's
11109 Plumiri W.
A or 4 jLau B
Scotland alpas. D
blue-flowered
11110 alpinus W.
A or 6 jl.au
B
Lapland 1804. S.
Lapland
W.
CD or 6 jl
B
N. Amer. 1713. S
small-flowered
ll 112 floridanus Jy.
A or 3 au.s
Y
Caucasus 1818. D
11113 caucsicus Fischer Caucas an
O) or 2 aus
Y
N. Amer. 1812, D
acuminate
11114 acumintus W.
A or 2 jl.s
Y
Canada 1704. D
Canadian
11115 pllidus il.
A or 2 jl.s
I.B Siberia 1759. D
Siberian
sibiricus W.
1784. D
a or 4 jn.jl
B
Siberia
Tartarian
11117 tatricus W.
All-ped.1.t-16.f.1
#:
co
Bot mag. 142
co
Jac. ic. l. t. 164
co All ped.1.t-16.f3
p.l Jac.ic. 1. t. 161
co
co
co
co
co
co
co
co
co
co
co
& z\, or 3 jLau
11118 divaricatus Horn. divaricating

11119 uliginsus Bieb.
swamp
torn
co
11121 chondrilloides Desf, spreading

large-leaved
11122 macrophyllus L.
shining
11123 leucophoeus W.
W.
Lettuce.
1628. LACTU/CA.
11124 sativa W.
1112, crispa hy.

11126 palmta W.
11127 intybcea hy.
11128 quercina W.
11129 stricta W.
11130 elongta W.
11131 Scariola W.
11132 virsa W.
11133 angustna W.
11134 sagittata W.
11135 saligna W.
11136 indica W.
11137 altissima Bieb.
garden
curled
almate
indive-leaved
Oak-leaved .
upright
elongated
prickly
strong-scented
Sy
Sy
St
St.
entire-leaved
arrow-leaved
least
Indian
tallest
St
St
[, un 13 jLau
& Q) un 6 jl.au
Spain
1729. S. s.l.
N. Amer. 1823.
Rob, ic. 148, 151
co Gmel. sib.2 t.3
co
...... 1823. D co
Caucasus 1821. S co
......
1820. S co
O or 4 jn.jl
Y
O or 1* jn.jl
Y
O) or 1* jn.jl
Y
A or
jl.au
B
O) or 6 jLau
Pu
Compositae.
O cul 4 jn.jl
Y.w
O cul 3 jn.jl
Y
O cul 3 jn.jl
Y
O cul 3 jn.au Y
O cul 3 my.jl Y
O) un 3 jnji
Y
Odun 3 jn.jl
Y
CD un 3 jLau Y
Com 3 jl.s
Y
O un 2 jl.au
Y
Odun 2 jl.au Y
CD un
jl.au
Y
Eng. bot: 2425

Smit.ic.ined.t.21
co
co
co
11120 lcerus W.
Eng bot. 935

Eng. bot 674
Eng bot. 843
Plu.alm. t.93. f.3
Schku. bot.t.256
Boc.sic.13, t.7.f4
ID co
N. Amer. 1821. S co
Sp. 19-26.
......
1562. S co
......
1570. S co
......
1683. S co
S. Amer. 1781. S co
1686. S co
Sweden
Hungary 1805. S
Pensylva. 1805. S
England rubble. S
Britain ch.ba. S
1791. S
Italy
co
co
co
co
co
Jac.ic. 1. t. 162
Pl. rar.hu.l. t.48

Eng. bot. 268
Eng bot. 1957
All ped.I.t52.f.1
Hungary 1805. S co Pirar.hung.I.t.1

England ch.ba. S co
Eng. bot. 707
Caucasus 1823. S co
*:
11107
-->
Q-
".
W.
-7.
e \* \.
-
*
*_
*_l <
'' *
11110
*r
given rise to this belief, rather than any quality inherent in the plant: for it is a rule to which there are few
exceptions, that all plants used as f
they would be unfit for food.
by man, possess very inactive qualities. If their action was powerful,
Scorzonera hispanica is esteemed diuretic, stimulant, and sudorific. A drink is made from it for variola;
and a distilled water is also prepared from it. It is also an esculent of occasional culture. The root is carrot
shaped, about the thickness of one's finger, tapering gradually to a fine point, and thus bearing
semblance to the body of a viper. The outer rind being scraped off, the root is steeped in water, in order to
in the manner of carrots or parsne' #
abstract a part of its : flavor. It is then boiled or stewed
roots are fit for use in August, and continue good till the following spring. Its culture is the same as that 0
carrot or salsafy.
- -
1626. n. A diminutive of Picris, which see. Picridium sativum, Picridium cultiv, Fr., is own in
the spring as a small salad, and, if not allowed to become too old before it is cut, is an excellent vegetable, with
a pleasant delicate flavor, wholly devoid : the bitterness of endive, and of the insipidity of very young lettuces.
P. tingitanum is a favorite border annua
l' Sonchus. Xozer, in Greek, said to be altered from reator, hollow, or soft, in allusion to the soft feeble
nearly the same
stem of the plants, Sonchus oleraceus, Sow-thistle, Eng., Hasenkohl, Ger., seemsIttoishave
a favorite food with
|: as the Dandelion and Succory, but it is little regarded as a medicine.
arcs and rabbits; and is said to be eaten by goats, sheep and swine, but not to be relished by horses. The
young tender leaves are in some countries boiled and eaten as greens: and it is even affirmed, that the tender
-
Oan ER. I.-
669
11094 Lower leaves linear: upper pinnatifid, Lobes remote linear

11095 Leaves runcinate hispid, Stem about 2-fl. somewhat leafy hispid
11096 Cauline leaves amplexicaul. obl. nearly entire: radical sublyrate runcinate, Scales of invol. appressee
11097 Leaves amplexicaul. obl. pinnatifid toothed, Invol. squarrose
11098 Leaves scabrous, Scales of invol. membranous at edge ciliated
11099 Pedunc. subsol term. naked, Leaves lanc. amplexicaul, undivided finely toothed backwards
11100 Pedunc. branched somewhat scaly, Leaves lanc. runcinate, Stem shrubby
11101 Pedunc. naked, Invol. smooth, Leaves pinn. Pinnae lin-lanc. somewhat toothed
11102 Pedunc. naked, Invol. turbin smooth: lower scales reflexed at end, Leaves pinnatifid
11103 Pedunc. naked, Inv, turbin, smooth: low scales reflexed at end, Lvs. lyrate pinnatif. Corymb divaricating
11104 Pedunc. naked and invol. smooth, Stem nearly naked, Radic. lvs. lyratesmooth on each side, Lobes triang.
11105 Pedunc. and invol. hispid somewhat umbelled, Leaves runcinate sagittate at base
11106 Peduncles and invol. hispid sub-umbellate, Leaves runcinate dentato-ciliate cord. at the base
[ovate
11107 Peduncles sub-tomentose umbellate, Involucre glabrous, Lvs. runcinate dentato-ciliate amplexic, at base
''};
11108 Pedunc. downy umbell. Invol.

11109 Pedunc.
Flowers panicled,
Leaves bipinnatifid cordate sagittate at base

Leaves runcinate
11110 Peduncles and involucre hispid racemose, Leaves sublyrate, Terminal lobe deltoid very large
11111 Pedunc. squarrose, Fl. racemose, Leaves runcinate acuminate smooth glaucous beneath
11112 Pedunc. sub-squarrose, Fl. panicled, Leaves lyrate-runcinate toothletted stalked
11113 Leaves sessile; lower cordate toothed; upper hispid entire, Peduncles scaly
11114 Pedunc. sub-squarrose, Fl. panicled, Radic leaves sub-runcinate: cauline ovate acuminate stalked
11115 Raceme comp. terminal, Leaves lanc. ensiform amplexicaul. toothed
11116 Pedunc. squarrose, Fl. corymb. Leaves lanc. sessile: lower runcinate toothed; upper entire
11117 Pedunc. naked, Fl. in corymbose panicles, Leaves lanc. runcinate narrowed at base
11118 Leaves pinnatifid with little white spiny teeth, Calyx slender
11119 Pedunc. and invol. smooth a little downy, Leaves sub-runcinate spiny-toothed amplexicaul.
11120 Pedunc. somewhat downy umbellate, Invol. smooth, Leaves pinnatif, toothed auricled cordate at base
11121 Radic leaves unequally pinnatifid: cauline linear lanc. toothed, Pedunc. long 1-flowered
11122 Peduncles hirsute naked, Fl. panicled, Leaves lyrate cordate at base hairy beneath
11123 Pedunc. scaly, Fl. racemose, Leaves runcinate acuminate, Stem panicled virgate
11124 Leaves rounded: cauline cordate, Stem corymbose
11125 Leaves sinuate-crenate toothed wavy curled : radical with a hairy keel, Florets 5-parted
11126 Lower leaves tripartite pinnatifid with obl. blunt segm.: upper cordate
11127 Leaves runcinate tooth-ciliated blunt amplexicaul. sagittate: radical obovate, Stem panicled
11128 Leaves smooth beneath: lower runcinate toothletted at base dilated and sagittate; upper lanc. sagittate.
11129 Leaves smooth beneath: radical runcinate lyrate toothed; upper runcinate pinnatifid
11130 Leaves smooth beneath: lower runcinate entire amplexicaul. : upper lanceolate sessile
11131 Leaves vertical prickly at keel acute at end sagittate at base runcinate pinnatifid
11132 Leaves oblong toothed horizontal, their keel prickly, their apex obtuse
11133 Leaves smooth beneath obl.lanc. ciliate-toothed sagittate at base
11134 Leaves smooth beneath: lower oblong narrowed at base toothletted; upper lanceolate entire
11135 Leaves with a prickly keel: radical lanc. pinnatifid, cauline linear entire sagittate
11136 Leaves laciniate ensiform sessile unequally toothed

11137 Leaves toothletted smooth: lower sinuated; upper lanceolate sagittate acuminate, Pan, much branched
shoots of the smooth variety, boiled in the manner of spinach, are superior to any greens not in common
use.
. Nearly the same thing may be affirmed of S. arvensis, palustris, and other species.
Sonchus floridanus is used as a cure for the bite of the rattle-snake, in the same way as Prenanthes serpen
taria. It is called by the American settlers Gall of the Earth.

S. tenerrimus is eaten by the common people in Italy as a salad
1628. Lactuca. From lac, milk, on account of the milky sap, which flows copiously when the plants are cut.
Besides Lactuca sativa, the French cultivate as small salad both L. quercina, palmata, and intybacea, which are
all excellently adapted for such a purpose. L. sativa is well known as furnishing among its numerous varieties
the best vegetable of the salad kind grown in the open garden. Whoever has the command of lettuce, onions,
and cucumbers, may well dispense with most other acetarious plants. It is questioned by some, whether the
greater number of what are set down as species in this genus, are anything more than variations of one type;
and, at all events, it is thought L. virosa, a poisonous plant, is the parent of our cultivated sorts ; which would
not be more remarkable than the fact that the indigenous celery is one of our strongest poisons.
All the species of Lactuca abound in a milky juice, which is found to partake, in a considerable degree, of
the qualitics of opium. The production of this juice is lessened by culture, and especially by blanching it is
most abundant in plants in a wild state, and in both wild and cultivated lettuce during inflorescence.
Of late
Years, this juice has been collected by incisions and scraping off the thickened juice, as in the collecting the
*Pium of the poppy (See p. 461.). and an opium has been produced little inferior to that of the East. It is called
---
-----~~--
r e-ee
670
11138 vimimea Link.
11139 segusiana Balbis.
11140 sonchifolia W.
11141 tenrrima W.
11142 pernnis W.
- --
--
- -- -
SYNGENESIA MEQUALIS.
rushy-twigged St
Italian
Sow-thistle-lvd. N
purple-floweredy.
perennial
CD
O
a
A
A
un 1 jlau
pr. 1.jl.au
un 2 jl.au
un
* il.au
un 2 jn.au
Y
Pu
Pa. B
Pu
L. B
1629. CHONDRIL/LA. W. GUM-SUccoRY.

Compositar.
11143 juincea W.
Common
A un 11 so
Y
11144 graminea Bicb.
grass-leaved
a un 11 so
Y
*1630. PRENANTHES. W. PRENANTHEs.

11145 purprea W.
purple-flowered3, a or
11146 alba W.
white-flowered
A or
11147 altissima W.
tall
St A or
11148 cordta Ph.
heart-leaved Sy a or
11149 spinsa W.
prickly
ra. --Jun
11150 murlis W.
wall
3. A w
pinnta L.
pinnate
*-u-Jun
11152 arbrea Brouss.
arborescent
*- LI un
11153 hieracifolia W.
small-flowered
O un
Crepis plchra L.
1631. LEONTODON. W. DANDelion.

11154 Tarxacum W.
Common
11155 sertinus W.
late-flowering
11156 palstris E. B.
marsh
CLAss XIX.
Austria
1789. S co
Jac. aust. l. t. 9
Piedmont
Candia
S. Europe
Germany
1822.
1822.
1815.
1596.
S
D
D
D
Bot. mag. 2130
1633.
1824.
D co
D co
co
co
co
co
Sp. 2-5.
France
Volga
Composite. Sp. 9-13.

4 jl.s
Pu
Germany 1658. D
2 jl.au
W. N. Amer. 1762. D.
6 jl.au
L.Y. N. Amer. 1696. D
4 jl.au
Pa.Y N. Amer. 1816. D
3 mr.my Y
Barbary 1640. C
2 jl
Y
Britain woods. D
3 jn.jl
Y
Teneriffe 1820. S
3 jn.jl
Y
Teneriffe 1824. S
13 jn.s
Y
Scotland sc.roc. S
Composite.
A w
I ap.jl
Y
A un 1: jls
Y
A w 1% jn.jl
Y
- -
co Jac. aust. 4. t.317

p.l Bot mag. 1079
p.1 Plu.alm.t-317.1.2
co
co Park.the 804 f.7
co Eng. bot. 457
co
co
co
Sp. 6-9.
Britain mepa. D co
Hungary 1816. D co
Britain
Jac. aust. 5.t.427
moi.p. D co
Eng. bot. 2325
Eng. bot. 510

Plrar.hu.2t. 114
Eng bot 553
lividus W.
11157 obovtus W.
obovate-leaved
A un
11158 glaucscens Bieb.
laucous
A un
11159 bessarbicus Fisch.
sarabian
St. A un
*1632. APAR'GIA. W.
11160 aurantiaca W.
11161 alpina W.
11162 hastilis W.
11163 dubia W.
1 jl
1 jl
1 jl
Y
Y
Y
!!!70 aspera W.
11171 crcea. W.
11172 caucsica. Bieb.
Caucasian
un I jn.jl
A un I jn-ji
Or
Y
11173 Willrsi W.
Dauphiny
A un
11165 incna W.
11166 Tarxaci W.
$11167 autumnlis W.
11168 crispa W.
11169 hispida W.
Alpine
shining-leaved
un
un
un
un
un
w
w
un
w
un
1 myjn
1 jl.au
1 au
I myjl
I myjn
I au
1 au
*.jl.au
jls
jn.jl
1 jn.jl
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
1805.
1823.
D co
D co
D co
olga
Bessarabia 1821. D co
APARGIA.
Compositae. Sp. 14.
Orange-colored:Y A pr_l myjn Or
Hungary
A
A
tooth-leaved
A
knotty-rooted
A
hoar
3. A
Dandelion-lvd.
A
autumnal
A
curled
A
rough
A
hairy
A
deep-yellow
A
11164 tubersa, JV.
Austria 1816.
S. Europe 1796.
Germany ...
France
1683.
S. Europe 1784.
Britain scalps.
D
D
D
D
D
D
co Bot. cab. 539

co Jac. aust. 2. t. 164
co
co Lob ic. 232. f. 1
co Jac. aust 3. t.287
co Eng. bot. 1109
Britain me pa.
France 1803.
Britain ch.pas,
Hungary 1805.
Hungary 1823.
Caucasus 1820.
Dauphiny 1821.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
co
co
co
co
co
co
co
Eng bot. 830

Vil.dauph.3, t.25
Eng bot. 554
Plrar.hu.2.t.110
Villdelph.3.t.25

Lactucarium, and was first brought into notice by Dr. Duncan of Edinburgh, who finds it can be adminis
tered with effect in cases where poppy opium is inadmissible. Details of the process of collecting and
the article, will be found in the Caledonian Horticultural Memoirs. (Vol. i. 160-259. ii. 314, and iv. 153.
The culture of lettuce as a salad plant is familiar to every one who has a garden. It is sown monthly, or
oftener, throughout the year, in order to have a successional supply, and thinned out or transplanted to increase
the size and succulency. The latter quality is greatly increased by watering in summer; and blanching.
#"
another desirable property, is promoted by tying up the leaves when the plant has attained about two-thirds of
its usual size. Snails and slugs are very fond of this plant, and should either be watched and hand-picked,
or the ground well watered with lime water, which effectually destroys them. The lettuce, unlike the cabbage
and spinage, is a vegetable which can be grown to as great perfection in a warm as in a temperate climate, pro
vided it be grown on rich soil, and abun
with water. Hence the lettuces of Paris, Rome, and
Calcutta, are as large and tender as those of London and Amsterdam.
This
us is the type of the tribe Lactucer of M. Cassini. It differs essentially from all other tribes of
Composita', in having a divided or ligulate corolla only, and from nearly all other tribes in its style, which can
be compared to that of Vermonieae only. The radiant head of flowers is a character common both to
Lactuceae and Nassauvieae. The greater part of Lactuceae are found in Europe, a smaller number in Asia and
Africa, very few in America, and in the southern hemisphere none at all.
1629. Chondrilla. Derived from x2,852, a lump. Dioscorides says, it bears on its stems little lumps of
gummy matter. But Theophrastus speaks of the grumous or tubercled roots of his Chondrilla. The plant
now so called is an inconspicuous perennial plant, of no recorded use.
1690. Prenanthes. From respx, drooping, and a 32, a flower. The heads of flowers of all the species are
ORDER I.
671
11138 Leaves decurrent: lower pinnatifid toothed outwards; upper linear, Stem branched
11139 Lower leaves lanc. runcinate toothed narrowed at base and sessile: upper linear sagittate
11140 Leaves runcinate pinnatifid unequally toothed: floral lanceolate, Flowers racemose
11141 Radic. leaves pinnatif. toothed: cauline linear entire sagittate, Branches 1-flowered
11142 Leaves all pinnatifid: segments linear toothed upwards. Fl. in corvmbose panicles
11143 Radic. leaves runcinate: cauline linear entire
11144 Radic. leaves runcinate: cauline undivided filiform, Stem and invol. smooth
11145 Invol. 5-fl. Leaves obl.lanc.

cordate denticulate glaucous beneath
11146 Invol. many-fl. Leaves angular hastate toothed, Flowers nodding racemose panicled
11147 Invol. 5-fl. Leaves 3-lobed stalked angular toothletted rough at edge, Racemes axillary, Fl. nodding
11148 Stem panicled upwards, Leaves stalked cordate toothed ciliated, Panicle lax racemose
11149 Leaves linear tooth-sinuated sessile, Stem shrubby much branched, Branches spiny
11150 Florets 5, Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid and toothed, the terminal lobe with about 5 angles
11151 Leaves pinnated, Leafl. linear filiform, Panicle corymbose stalked, Stem shrubby
11152 Leaves pinnatifid pinnate with linear segments
11153 Leaves pubesc, toothed, those on the stem subsaggitate, Stem panicled corymb. Invol pyramidal glabrous
11154. Outer scales of the involucre reflexed, Leaves runcinate glabrous toothed
11155 Outer invol. spreading, Leaves runcinate scabrous, Segments round toothletted
11156 Outer scales of the involucre erect appressed, Leaves sinuato-dentate nearly glabrous
11157 Outer invol. spreading, Scales ovate, Scape 1-fl. Leaves obov. bluntish toothed
11158 Outer invol. spreading, Scales ovate-lanceol. Lvs. runcinate pinnatifid glabrous with lin, falc. distant lobes
11159 Leaves pinnatitid to the nerve smooth, Leaves of invol. smooth reflexed
11160 Scape 1-fl. naked thickened and hairy upwards, Invol. hispid, Leaves lanc. obl. somewhat toothcd
11161 Scape 1-fi squarrose thickened and somewhat hairy upwards, Invol. hispid, Leaves lanc. obl. smoothlsh
11162 Scape 1-fl. naked and invol. smooth, Leaves lanc. runcinate-toothed smooth
11163 Scape 1-fl. nearly naked upward and invol. hairy, Leaves lanc. toothed at base with a few forked hairs
11164 Scape 1-fl. naked smooth. Scales of invol. acute hairy, Lvs. obov. runcin. hairy scabrous, Root tuberous
11165 Scape 1-fl. nearly naked and calyx pubesc. Lvs. lanceol. acute somewhat toothed hoary, Hairs multifid
11166 Scape single-flow. thickened upwards, Leaves glab.runcinato-dentate, Involucre very hairy
11167 Scape branched scaly upwards, Lvs. lanc. toothed or pinnatif sub-glab. Pedunc. swelling beneath invol.
11168 Scape naked 1-fl. and invol. hairy, Lvs. runcinate pinnatifid hairy, Segm. recurved tooth. Hairs 3-forked
11169 Scape single-flowered, Leaves dentate scabrous, Florets hairy at their orifice glandular at the tip
11170 Stem leafy somewhat branchcd hairy, Invol. smooth, Leaves lanc. runcinate hairy, Hairs forked
11171 Scape 1-fl. scaly thickened upwards and hairy, Invol. hispid, Leaves runcinate smooth
11172 Scape naked 1-fl. glabrous, Invol. hairy, Leaves runcinate toothed scab somewhat hairy. Hairs prostrate
11173 Scape naked 1-fl. and invol. smoothish, Leaves pinnatifid-toothed hispid, Hairs simple subulate
nodding. Prenanthes serpentaria grows to the height of two feet, bearing pale purple flowers. . It is known
by the inhabitants of Virginia and Carolina under the name of the Lion's Foot, and is in high esteem as a
cure for the bite of the rattle-snake. The juice of the plant boiled in milk is taken inwardly, and steeped
leaves, frequently changed, are applied to the wound. It must not be confounded with Prenanthes rubicunda,
called False Lion's Foot, which is a less powerful plant.
Prenanthes virgata has a very fine effect in large plantations.
1631. Leontodon. So named from Asa", a lion, and eBus, a tooth; in reference to the deep tooth-like divisions
of the leaves. The English name Dandelion, is a corruption of the French translation of this word, Dent de
tion; in German Pfaffenrhrlein and Totterlinhme: "it has been recommended as a winter salad, blanched
like Endive; but it possesses too much bitter principle to render it fit for table under any management. Dent
de lion, Fr., from its cut leaves, and Piss-en-lit, in French, and most other European languages, from its
diuretic qualities. The tender leaves in spring, used in compound salads, are equal to those of Endive or
Succory. The roots, which are fusiform, and abound in a milky juice, are eaten raw as a salad by the French,
and boiled by the Germans, like Salsafy and Scorzonera. Dried and ground into powder, they afford a sub
stitute for coffee, in all respects equal to that of Chicory roots. It is a difficult weed to extirpate, because
every inch of root will form buds and fibres, and thus constitute a new plant. Swine are fond of it, and goats
will eat it; but sheep and cows dislike it, and by horses it is refused.
1632. Apargia.
Arayla is the Greek name of a plant now, unknown.
Dalechamp and Scopoli for a species of Hieracium.

with the appearance of Leontodon.
It has been employed by
At the present day it is given to a genus of weedy plants,
XIX.
Si'NGENESIA >EQUAL1S.
672
>.3-6. grapa. D Eng.
1631 hlrt.
THRIN'CIA.
W. .imple-ha,d
Tnwsci. ' "
Britain
1117.
W.
11 jnjn.au
au YY S.Morocco
Europe 1815.
'815.
1799. 8S
76 maroccana i>. S. Morocco
un
Hyoscris hspida W.
Composite. Sp. 47. bor.fi. S L'HHirlE
IfHt hieracioldc.
PI'CRIS. IP. Hawk.ceJ.like
Ox-ToscuB. O un 11IJjl.au
lm
jLau YY England
Barbary 1805. D
I jl.au Y Levant 1789. D Morki'ti^
11179
hispida
HJt
^>,,.^
*
A.
?
1
jnjl
Y
1781 S ro
11180 sprengeriina P.S. branched
U P> Cumposittt. Sp.Portugal
75117.1820. D AILMCLtf '.tl
1635 HIERA'CIUM. 14'. Hawkweed
i jnjl
Y
SwItlerL
Y Britain al.1822.
roc DD riig.bclil;
I* J jl.au
11181
rupestre
AU.
rock
1118S
alplmrm
L.
Alpine
Eng W
prpr i jl.au
iny.jl YY SwiUerl
Britain drypa.
11183
alpestre
Ae.
mountain
... I)D P-l JacailiHS!
11181
Pilolla I..\.
Mouse-ear
Y Barbary 1709.
At l>for i niy.jl
11185bulbusum
bulbous
myjl
D.Y
Italy
11186 areum IV.
golden
tot
hills. DD En.,
S| bot
pr ) jl.au YY Britain
11187
dbium
L.
branching
England moun.
11188 auricula !.. umbclled
Mouso.eara,3t prPC 111 jl.au
181
"
"
pin- t
YY Germany 171- D Baun,
11189 fallait IV en.
hairyspear-lvd.4 pr 2 jl.au
11190
HorentlnumL. AU. emaH-fiowored
Florentine *i pr 1 jl.au
DD > CcsUcp4.1.U"
*
YY Europe
my.jn
11191
ermeaum
lS'.':i.
SwitzerL
Vadaupb.S.ta'
i
my.jn
11192 angustilolium Happe, narrow-leaved^ prpr 1} jnjl Y Europe 1804 D1)
11193 etaticiflium AU. 'l'Iirilt-leavetl i pr I myjl Y
ISlii D
1 1 114- flagellare IV- ca. creeping
mai D
prpr H1J jnjn YY Tauria
lllybifur'cura
Bich.
Hungary
1119blndum
IV.IV.
17 DD CO Gmiblt;
YPa.Y Siberia
em.*"*"
prpr i1 jn.j
1818,
11197
Gmellni
SwitzerL
jnjl
1815. D lac ic 1 57*
1119o projniorsum L.
Camiola
Pk
pror 1(1 J jnjl
sewo.
D
p.1
11199
incarntuni
Jacq.
Scotland
jnjl
n.ofe
1)1) Ejaj.let.IW
11200
aurantlacum
L.
prpr Jjn.J YY Britain
179a
11201
Laweni
VU/.
N.N. Amer.
pA
1798.
D plul.ato.if
11202
vensuin
W.
Amer.
pr 1 jn.jl Y
11203 ronvii IV.
Canada 1800. AILprf.''3
pr Iillinjn.lli)
11204
IV. panicled
S.Austria
Europe 1807. 11D JSC.C.1.L "
1112Uii
1205 panicultum
glai'icum
AU.
glaucous
SAP.
saxtile J.icq. ViU. rock
5 prpr 12 Jl.nu
Sv. ititerl. 1801.
1S20. M JscslASta
jl.au
11207
preanInodes
large-leaved
Anri. m
i jnjl
112
chondrilloldes
IV.
Gum.succory
i
pr
Erance
181. J)DD
112119
cydonift'llium
ViU. solt-lcavcd
Quince-leaved 4pr
.\ pr 21 jl.au
Scotland
sc.wo.
jl.au
Scotland
^roc.
D bot..
11210
mlle
Jacq.
lieitlill
s
11211 ccrintholdes L. Honcywnrt-lv. 5 pr 144 1lau
Pirene
.39.
Hcr.p>r4[
,11212
amplcxicale
L.
hcart-leaved
1
17g.
I
1
au
Pyrenees 1.81 Jscimt-'.1,,
S11213 |.yrcnicum L. Pvrenean
11 l.au
pUsum
W.
pilose
PS,beria
renes 7g
7 gu Gmcl
austriacum
Austrian
pi m.'ibnall*'
22 l.au
lau
1214y grandi
silln, um W.Jacq.
Siberian
SwiUerL
17M.
l'a,
g
t:
Lau
1794.
I>
J
AX great-nowored pr 2 l.au Pa.Y Europe 1802. D
1121t;
Europe aLroc. l> "
l au YY Britain
11217 intjbceum
Hallri .Jacq. Eniiivc-ieaved
Haller'
S ir 14 I JLau
K.roc. D
11218
macultum
.5.
stained-leaved
î
YY Scotland
Ii1 l.au
11219
pulmonarium
.
.
lungwort
pr
040. g
l.au Y S.Austria
11220
porriRjlium
H.
Leek-leaved
i
pr
Europe
1775.
g
1
jn.jl
11221
montnum IV.Uni. villoui
mountain i pr lljn.au Y Britain rocks,
11222
}Hum
g OJ Eng.tA"
Ii1 jl.au
au YY Scotland
1I-J.1
yivticum
H:
wood
Syotiand
aLro.
al
roc.
g > Keg!!~!
S "I"'."
Lhaggy
Alpine
4
pr
Europe
Jg
g;
1
jl.au
Piloicphalum
Link.
Iiairy-heatled
3
.r
18.
Lt
jl.au
S-'
haggy
3 pr,r 1ljjl.au
Hungary 180. U "
11227 'richocephalum
flexuoaum IV. Wen.bending-.talk'di
ay niou OUlure,
I I11S0 Hist '~,/''>'
allusion to the feathery
pappus
1631
Tl,r
,
a
feathe
4J*of
> nine or"*!
tarar."; a name given by ,Ih.,Greeks
. to somejpW*
- 1
aciu;,!T'..brom
Greek;
ecouut of lu bitterneu. Vs'one of the specie* are remarkable for their ou.
j Ormi I.
p^Jai' lll/j
174 Scape
Hespe Ringle
fl. Leave*
cali Involucre
nearly
Outer pericarps
with a scaly pappui
(jgj
1-11. pilose,
Invol.dentate
hoary naked,
Leave* lane,
bluntglab.toothed,
Hairs forked
i 5 11176 Scape 1-fl. hispid, Leaves obL runcinatc toothed hispid, Hair* forked
vi ; : b' J1177 Stem erect scabrous, leaves amplexicauL lana toothed, Fl. corymbose, Outer invoL lax
1 Stem
ascending
scabrous.
Leaver obi. lane,
blunt hispid,
sinuate Hairs
pinnatifid, Pedunc thickened
JMi9
Leavesbranched
obi. lane,spreading
nearly entire
invol.
a I; 11180
item
leafy,sessile,
LeavesandamplexicauL
ot>l. repandglochidate
hispid
tmmmi toothetl
ooL repand
1111 Scape
Ueaved,' Invol. hairy, -Leaves
lane,
runcinate
sub
11181
Scar*
\ 1. very
Scapevillous,
one-flowered,
naked.
11182Scape
somewhat
nakedupwards,
villous, Invol.
Leaves
lane,lane
entire
acute vil.
11183Scape
Heaved
downy
InvoLSto'lones
cvlindr.creeping
downy,
Leaves
tootlilctted
111*4
leaves
entire
ovate
downy
beneath,
Scape naked thickened upwards hairy, Invol. smooth, Leaves lane. obi. somewhat toothed smooth
iScape nearlynaked, InvoL hispid, Leaves lane, spatulato runcinate-tootlied smoulhish
11187
Scapeabout
4-fl.with
naked,
leaves
blunt
entire,
Stoloncs
$ 2.umb.
Scapeleaves
mnng-owersd,
naked.
11188 Scape
1-leaved
about
t fl.corymbose,
Fl.obi.
lane,
acutecreeping
entire,
creeping
11189Scape
leafy
pilose
at
base,
FL
Peduncles
downy,
LeavesStolcmes
lane,
acute
nearly entire pilose
111)Scape
leafv
sinoothUh,
Fl.
in
corymbose
panicles,
Pedunc
spreading,
Invol.
hairy
11191
Scape
leafy
hispid,
FL
in
corymbose
panicles,
Pedunc.
clustered,
Invol.
hispid
11L4S Scape somewhat
about &fl. naked
I-leaveilbranched
hairy. Leaves
lin. lane
acute
pilose Leaves 1in. lane, roothlctted smooth
-, INiSeafie
about 3-.
Pedunc
squarrosc,
. 11195
11194 Scape
Scape forked
about 2-.
Peduncles
long.
Leaves
suatulate
laneacute
entireentire,
piloso,Stolones
creeping
about
2-fl.
and
leafy
at
base.
Leaves
lane,
lili! Resembles H. murorum, but the stem is naked
1119! Scape
naked
corymbose.
Leaves lyrate runcinate
hairy Upper flowers opening hret
,**
Leave*naked
ovatescabrous
somewhatat toothed,
naked racemose,
111") Scape
base, FL Scape
inPedunc.
racemose
conmlis,Leaves
Ix-avos oblong
blunt
loothletted hairy
,
112Scape
leafy
hispid,
11
corymbose,
clustered,
acutish
pilose-hispid
Scapesomewhat naked branched, Invol. with glandular hairs,obi.Leaves
oblong
acute entire woolly
Ue
Siape
naked
branched,
Invol.
smooth,
Leaves
obovatc
acute
entire
ciliated,
Veins
colored
11 Scape leafy in corymbose panicles, Invol. pubescent. Radia leave* entire obovate blunt
ciliated
\ ILeavet
StsmPanicle
leafy, capillary
Stem erect, leaves alternate lane, nakedA.toothed.

.. Stem
entire.
erect
branched, Leaves
Leaves lin.
lane,lane
sessile
somewhat
toothetl glaucous
narrowed
atateach
end
Stem
J6Stem
erect
branched.
nearly
entirenarrowed
at each
end
ciliated
base
erect
simple,
Leaves
lane
cordate
amplexicaul.
toothletted
downy,
Fl.
racemose
corymbose
* SSSera
ect pilme
few-fl. Caulinc leaves
acum.
runcinate
: radical
lane, undivided
Steni
erect
Leaveslane
ovate
oblongleaves
subcordate
sessileobi.remotely
toothed :entire
end
1Stem erect
hairy, panicle*),
Fl.Lvs.subcorymbose,
Caulinc
oblongobov.;
lanceolate
stem-clasping
radicalatInv.
toothed
: {l*em
erect villous,
pilose somewhat
toothed : radie,
caul. obi.
hall-amplexicaul,
hirsute
fgwi
erect branched, Lvs. ovate cord, amplexicaul.
towardsatthebase
base,; caul,
Pedune
and invol. Inv.
hirsute
m"Simerectimptcfurrowed(raoothien>
Had. lvs. obi.toothed
deeply toothed
hastatesagit.
but
i? lidie '"* ' Si . "ncar emire
< .AUl
4?5
.BB. 11210
' ~ wrwar.li
mvoL
SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.
74
S.Pensylva.
Europe 1794.
1822. 1>Deo
11228
prrwtrtun.
W.
en.
s
prostrate
11229 Kilmii W.
Kalm's
&Scotland
Europe.a
10U. U1)
11230
specioslwimum
W.
shewy
11231
dcnticultum
E.
B.
small-tootlied
182U D1) 00
11232 echioldes
M :11er. Link.
Miller's
Hungary 1W2.
1I2S3
W.
Vi|>er'B-bugloss
1821.
I I'J 14 verrucultumJ.iiA. warted
Spain
1778. I)DD
//. 1 wave-leaved
Scotland scwo.
rough-bordered
11236 prenanthoides
dentitum !Link,
Croatia 1805.
1820. DI)
11237 latifliura Unk.Sm, broad.leaved
Hungary
leafy
11238
folieum W.&K.
Britain groves.
DD
Savoy
11239
abadura
W.
1804.
11240 lievigfitum
W. smooth
1822. DD
hoary
11241
cancene Link.
Britain
woods.
11242
umbeUtum L.Link, narrow-leaved
Europe laSS D
11243 longiflium
bracteoltum
hracteolate
11244
)ong-leuv<
Madeira laSl.
1785. D
11245
fruticsum //W. i ncm. shrubby
D
Germany 1804.
11246
hmile
^ pr
pr 1i jl.au
1801. DI) 00
11247
nigrscensW. W. small
dnrk-colored
JLM
Switferl.
1820.
i
jl.au
11248
prunellifliumG'oiioi.
Self-heal-leav.^
pr
1)
Britain
11249 ualudsum
murorum L.
wall
^ w l
Britain rocks.
moun. 1>U DOen
il1250
Pyrenees
1812. I) eu
jl.au
11251 lapsanoldes L.IV. Succory-leaved
Lapeana-like -t prpr 14214 jl.au
Hungary
1WU5
au
11252
ramsum
k prl" 2 jl.au
i11253
-.-. ; lyrtum
i, , ....... W.
urIV. . branching
i ... ...
Siberia
Lyre-leaved
S1)
S.Canada
Europe 17771796.
l jl.au
11254 glutinsum
W. clammy
1>
D
...
5
jl.aU
11255 laecicultum AA, bundled
i*
Sp.
610.
1636.
LAGO'SF.RIS
Link.
Laoseris.
11256 bursiflia
Link. Shepherd's-pursc-1v.
un 2 jLau Y Sicily 1823. S
Crpis bursifolia
L. changeable 3i un
Danria 1820. DS
jl.au
11257
versicolor
Pitcher,
jl.au YYY Italy 1804.
11258
leontotl6ntoldos/,inJl-.l)iii(leliou-like^[
CD
un 22* jnjl
1816. SD
11259
raphanillia
Link.
Radish-leaved
^[
un
Italy l$
11260
taurineneis
Link.
Turin
O
un
2
j>'.jl
Y
Portugal
1816. S
Y
11261 intybcea Link. Endive-leaved Q)un 2 jn.jl
Compositor. jice 1*23. S
1637.
BORKHAU'SIA.
Dec.
Bon.
11262 alpina
nica'usisLink.Link. Nice
U Jn.jl I Italy 1739. S
Alpine
w prpr 1l iljn.jl YFu
Italy lf*&
111263
1264
rubra
Unk.
purple
1824. SS
O un 14 jn.jl YYYPu S. Europe
11265
Link.Unk. fetid
.....
125,
11266 for/tida
gravolens
O
un
14
jn.jl
stinking
Pa.Y Sicily 1797. S
11267
rough
112 jl.au
11268 spera
hispida Link:
Link.
jl.au Y S. Europe 1798.
hispid
ComposUee. Sp.S, Europe
1323. 179. S
1638. nemausensis
CRE'Pia w.
CRBPI&
11269
Palestine
OO un
1 l S ro
4 jn.jl
jn.jl
11270
Sprengerina
W.
un
Sprenger'a
,
my.jl
11271 rgida
W.
rigid
un
Alores 18
D\>
11272
rtgene
W. W. stirT-lcared
un 11.! jl.au
Hungary
jl.au
11273
hieracioldes
un
Hawkweedlike^ iAJ
Briuin pt. g
11274
tectrum
P.
S.
14
jn.s
un
smooth
Europe
- SJ
11275
cinrea
P.W.S.
5 jl.au
jn.s
red-stalked
3t Q>
Hungary 180111276
agretis
un
un
Held
England
ch.pa.
JS
11277
biennis
W.
4
jn.au
Q>
un
biennial
-\
Switierl.
17W
11278
vrene
W. W. green
un
un 1 Jnjl
France
1772
11279
Dioecridis
Madeira
1777- S COe
110 coronopiflia W. Dioecorides'i
un 1 au.8
fleshy-leaved iQJ
Madeira 1777.
%\YX\ flliformls W.
finc-lcaved un
Class XIX.
Eng. bot SIffi
PLMrhultlii
Eng.buL?^
Plrarhaitl
ig.tL
W.hortb.d
Eng.boLl.il
VilLddpJi-i^
W.iiortUT.ly
GounILt.^
Eng. bot aw
Eng.
It
Goua.a^.5
Bocc.mii.i.lK'
pi.rar.hii'Li'
pi. rar.hu-l tu
Eng. bot II
Enl*1"
Dd.aci<tu
Use. ,
.'^'"ecuilivation other arc of .
little huenrt
; but all metCtUluie,
difflcultto diat.ngnKn cbarsclent'
t ,' '1 tomn'Um,
'"termixa very
with prt4ty
the earne
lability
as
ro.es
and
willows.
Md u H
plant, is called in America, IV_
medical
powere.
i
.
oisuts.
l-ruin
a hare, and n{<(, a lettuce. Obscure weeu- p
I
SYNGENESA
11228
Near erect
Kvillosum,
butleaves
the leaves
are broaderPeduncles downy
675
H
many-d.
lane,
H2JUS:*matrjasennd lvs. here and theretootbad,
covered with hairs, FU. smallerand inv. leu vill. than in H. villoeum
'j.,
11231
Stem
erect
many-rl.
Leave*
sessile
ellipt
lane,
toothletted
ernoothish
glaucous
beneath
' 1123 Hadit lvs. obi narrowed at base acute : caul lub-amplexic. lane Pedunc. glandular, Inv. glandul. hairy
11233 Stem
Stem pilose
erect strigose
hispid, Leaves
lanceolate
nearly
entire etrigoseoblong
hispid.acute
Flowers
corymbose
11234
warted glandular
upwards.
sub-amplexicaul.
with
hairs beneatn
11235
Stem erect
erect many-fl.
branched
hoary. amplexicauL
Leaves
obov.Leaves
obi. hoary
toothedtoothed
towardsat the
Hairslong
feathery
-. 11S36Stem
Leaves
somewhat
rough
edge,base,
Pedunc,
downy
11257 Stem
Stem erect
denselysimple,
leafy, Leaves
leavesovate
amplexicaul.
3 inches long toothletted
1} inch wideciliated,
toothed11.hairy
- 11233
38
cordate amplexicaul.
p.inirled,
Invol.
smooth
Stemerectsimple,
Lvs.leaves
ovate-obL
ernoothish
acutesees,
eub-amplexic
toothed
towards
ua.se,
Fie. corymbose
11340Stem
erect
branched,
obi.
lane,
smooth
stalked
deeply
toothed
in
the
middle,
FL
panicled
11241 Stem
Leaveserect
narrowed
atLeaves
base sessile
with
long points
toothed,
downyumbels
hoary
US*;
simple,than
somewhat
toothed,
ininvol.
corymbose
43
Leaves broader
in thelinear
last and
leu toothed,
StemFLfew-flowered
.
112
leaves
mostly
radical
with
long
points
toothletted
hairy,
Invol.
hoarvwilh
long white
and downy
black hairs
115 Stembranched shrubby, Leaves oblong toothed stalked, Peduncles sub-corymbose,
Invol.
H-46 Stem
Sttm naked
erect few-fl.
and
invol.glandular
pilose.
Leaves
sub-pinnatifld
at base
B. invol.
Leaves
sublyrate,iyrate,pinnaltfid.
11
few-fl. Peduncles
Pedunc. and
downyoblong
blackish,
Leaves oblong
stalked toothed at base
11248Stemprocuran,
branch,
atbase
few-fl.
Fed.
and
invoL
downy,
Lvs.
ovate
unequal
at basetoothletted stalked
H!49Stem
erect
leafy
pilose
simple,
Fl.
panicled.
Leaves
ovate
deeplv
toothed
at
base
J, Hl
j]S5t)Stemsimple,
Leaves smooth
obi. narrowed
base runcinate
toothed
: cauL amplexicaul.
Stem simple, Cauline
leaves lyrate
runcinateatamplexicauL
hairy,
FL panicled,
Invol. hispidInvol. hispid
êrectpanicled,
Leave*
ovate
stalked
deeply
toothed
at
base,
Flowers
panicled
simple,
Leaves smooth
: radical
runcinate
lyrate ; cauluie lanceolate,
1^ Stein
I-*'*erect
lanaleafy
runcinate
Flowers
in umbels
_ . Invol. and pedunc. hispa
uroStem
simple roughish,
smooth, Leaves
sessile
obi acut fi'~ '
*
. hispid
^-^^ te
^
* **j
leave,
fe 11256
4 I Ii
. titled . Up Z ; T"* hy
". sagilt. hnstate, I
" caiile
Ilm .
ol' nte
'"-enure, Stem panicled, Invol. dni.
^C.tl"l0'*W . give,
XX 2
The
XIX.
SYNGENESIA ;EQUALIS.
L
676
9p.
t
.
1639.echioldes
HEbMlNTHIA.
J. IIelmistiiia. or 3 Composite
jn.jl Britain bor.fl. S Eng.!"!
11282
W.
bristly
1640.
MYO'SEKIS.
Link.
Myosbris.
11283 purpurea Link. purple
nr
Bot mag. S
1641. barhfita
TOL'PIS.
W. purple-eyed
Tlpik.
11284
IV.
O prpr S ,1 Y.Pu ge
1820.
8S BaUidissitl
Piedmont
1823.
11285 umliellta Bttlbis. umbclled
11286 aJtMiraa Peri. Uli
' 4 ji Y
.
D| - !
1642. cheirnthiflia
ANDRY'ALA.W.W.various-leaved
Anoryala. f i AJ pr 1 Compoi.
my.o Y \"1>
11287
Madeira
IT
Madeira
1778.
11288 pinnatitida W. winji-leavcd jf OJ pr iV*
*Y Barbery 1804 S
ijn.au
11289 critnmifiilia W. Samphire-leav. Oil*
i
jn.au
Y Archipel. 3. Deo M.icUl'1
pr
dark-flowered
11290 nigricans W.
Ajn.au
lAJpr
downy
11291 raguelna W.
my.jn YY & Europe - -P
or i Compositte.
wooll
11292 lanta W.
Semf
S M Gser.scm-i1-1'*
KOTHIA.
1643. anoryaum.
ROTHIA. W.
So oLv
un 1 au Y ffiropelT
Andryala-Hke
11293
.
andryakrtd
W.
S.
Europe
1/11.
11214 cheirnthifolia . Stock-leaved O un Ufr
1 il.au lY
hoary
11295 runcinita '.
^NÂmer. 1811. S Jour.W1"
Kricia.
1644. virgnica
KHI'GIA.W. W. Virginian
O pr *
11296
S?!En"r0elM0- Deo !.1.7^ I
.
1645. UYCKBER1& W. Swinb's-Succory.
177a
un
IM
ii Levant
11297
radita
W.
i
iu.au
1780. DS Boc.mJld4l '
J
un
shining
11298 lcida .
1 Lau Y sS,
OO un
rugged
Mo
ice
1
11299
scbra
Barbary
1821. S? Z
un
eand
11300
} jl.au Y
hispid
11301 arenria
hUpida ir,IV.
Composite.
1646. mone|>ehneB
HEDYPNOIS.IV. W.branching
HunYPNoie. O un - jnjl
.r.ic-l t.3
11302
YY
i jl.au
11303
rhagadlololde*
W.
Nipplewort
O
un
B2
S
1
jnjl
11304 coronopif61iarmo.Buckbhorn-leav'd
crtica W.
('retan
OO un
f jnj YY Italy
11305
Naplu 1S24. SS
11906 mauritnica
tulKcrrmis Tcaore.
OO un
un 14
JUO Y Barbary ... S
11307
IV. lul>c-stalkcd
Moorish
un
11308 pndula IV.
pendulous
O un 1 jnjl Y
1647. taraxaroldee
ROBERTIA.Dec.Rieh.Dandclion-lvd.
Rorrrtta. ^ un i Composite'
jnjl Y Corsica 1824. S
113U9
47. 1772, S
Composite. SP.Canda
Srriola.
*la lajvigta
SERI'OLA.
: smooth
OO Un
If"
Y Italy 17S3. S lco>*-V'
Schmal.. Vi;,
511310
W.
*
il.nu
un
rough
11311
tneneie
W.
O un ; jLau Y
stinging
11312
rens
W.
Alliata's
51 1313 Allitaj Bit.
Cownwwt*.
1649. setsa
SOLDEVIL'LA.
Lag.
11314
Lag.
bristlySoLDEVlUA.
cu f my.jn
l650. HYPOCHJE'RIS. W. Cat's-Ear.
U31S helvtica W.
one-flowered 9t
516 maculu W.
spotted
16 HdmiHthia.
dcrivol
fron)
Asanfi
genus
rescinhlc
huiuiics
ot"
liy IiHO.
iiuMlem
biitaitista.
Sjfosfris.
So namedin nfrom
i taw *. IthJ!>
h |*1<1
unutaing
a
itstmUain
..nonciature
1Jgo.-en,
1L Ibiiii. A name invented by Adanson,Hyosens,
ahd suppose!
to . meaning. " " loUrti
flowers.
,.
^...Br~L
pretty 4^
1- A name, the meaning of which has not been discovert Bather
rtora"":
M f!err*^0,' '
thm>th
ic southiWJo.
nl \araw'ftd~orth
Sur
.ope
and
north
of
Africa.
,,
h
.....hor
of
a
Sined
by
Srhrcbor, ir.in honor
of Dr. A. G. I oil ; ",^.1 by Hwtarf- ,0 "
r' 5*4
. i ^.
Named
by and
Si'hrebcr,
..^ It has
fauieeu
Bui,
in
17fr;'
other'works.
been
"''^"'^.Snied
Mr
^"^dbni" T*
Rotanica,
17P7,
other
works.
Samni- arter
German
ho.pLint.
acco.np
toK ofKrij&L
r Dr.
- AKrieg,
- alittle
pretty
NorthbotanV
American
"n raB, leares
W*
puu,u See Yernonia.
neat Bowers.
Oiml.
SYNGENESIA Q1'ALT&
i:HL 1128S Involucran, large prickly, Leave* rpand

11 Leaves runcinate pinnatifid : lobet oblong acute toothed ipreading, Scape
11S84 Leave* obi toothed, Pedunc. 1-i.owcrerf
Loaveslane,linear
oblongscabrous
: lower toothed,
sinuate-toothed,
Pedunc.divaricating,
proliferous Lower scales of invol. downy
- 11285
lLSSd LeavesobL
Stem branched
11587 Leaves
Leaves downy
gland downy : lower
runcinate
: upperrigid
ovate lane entire, Sttm and pedunc. glandular
11
InvoL
downy toothed
pilose. Hairs
11S9
Leaves
pinnate!pinnatifld,
linear
downy
Leaves
pinnatifid
tyrate,
Flowers
corymbose
aggregate,
Pedunc. and
invol. hispid
*1 Leaves
Leaves orate
downywoolly
oblong:: lower
lowersomewhat
toothed. Stem
branched,
ut HSU
toothed,
CorymbBranches
terminal,I-flowered
Pedunc about 2-flowcred
11293J Stem
branched
at base difllise,
Leaven downy
lanceolate
ampJexicaul.
entire
"' in erect
corymbose,
Leaves somewhat
downyovate
linear
sinuate-toothed
sessilenearly
: upjier
entire
m erect corymbose, Leaves downy sessile : lower obL runcinate, Pedunc. gland, villous
96The only species
97Scapes
naked, Leaves
Leaves smooth
smooth lyrate
lyrate runcinate
runcinate somewhat
toothed : term,
triftdangular imbricated
SBScapes 1-fl.
1-. naked,
fleshylobe
: segm.
99Scapes
1-fl. nakedleafythickened
end, Leaves
lyrate oblong
pinnatifid
toothed
ciliated roughish
Siem branched
difl'use, atLeaves
amplexicaul.
toothed
scabrousciliated
at edge
Scapes l.tL hispid, Leaves obL runcinate toothed hispid, Hairs forked
, StemdiflUse branched, Leaves obL toothed narrowed at base sessile. Scale* of invol. in fruit smooth
ilaj
at baseaniplexicauL
eess. Scales ofScales
invoLof ininvoL
fruitinhairy
1 Stem
Stem ditftl*e
diflW branched,
branched, Lvs.
Lvs, obL
obL toothed
toothed narr,
subcordate
fruit smooth
f Leaves
Relatedsomewhat
to the last,toothed,
but the Hairs
leavessimple,
arc deeply
toothed
with
3-forkcd
hain
Pedunc.
very
thick
|PWerectbranched,
Lvs. obL
obL hispid
somew.deeply
toothedsubcordateamplex.
ofinvol.
in fruitalternately
Stem erectpanicled, Lvs.
toothed, Scales ofinvoLScales
in fruit
smooth
muricated at theMfCM
end
113(8Theonly species
Smooth, Leaves obovate toothed
5 Leaves
obovate somewhat
toothed
fllMiSSr?'
*iemspatulate
branched.
Leavespilose,
toothed
luuiUdical leaves
tootiied
Stem ascending smooth, Pappus stalked
!Hairywith veryshortstellate hairs and bristles, Lvs. lane, entire, Pedunc. term, thickened upwards 1-fl.
lin!s!lirap,el<afiU Leaves lane, toothed
4S almt leafless solitary, Leaves ovate-oblong undivided toothed (spotted above)
1645. fmî.
and"i'r.
Mcellancota
op-lettu.
m .iwlT.
a hoK- a,,(1
the GreekPartictirt.
name of the Lettuce, or of a plant resembling it :
* <"*'.'V<hj.almiiiam,
fetidofsmell
of the plant
Ibribed
bv
Hinv
n
i
?e
'
a
kind
wi,tl
en(live.
the medicinal
which
extois,
I *count of . 71 I>' hia commentator, derives the
word fromqualities
ibvi, sweet,
and he much
to breathe,
t/taVriio
ninteritiiV 22
cmn"U"ieated
to
other
vegetables
in
cookery.
But
the
modern
genus,
which
, \ not been discovered to possess this quality.
i*
| 5 Dandelion.
? au,hori of the More franaise, after M. Robert, a Corsican botanist
iP^
SniUaMailtV'^phng
**
"",
its rT""""f
of "!>
chicoraccous
of thewhich
southit possesses,
of Europe,but ina
5*
Prince SSr,
"e tochicory.
suspect, Small
named
fromofanvBivona
smellweeds
of garlic
** S*fenOa
Z, .' "'u d *lea(l
Lilian
nobleman,
and patron
Bernardi.
solitary flnwers
T Lagasca, apparently in honor of some botanist A little Spanish weed with
'^Wlo.rta't/1?,""''
for. "dare nuiteresting
a pig; foraUc,
) the spacia
weed.. Fr for the same reason, vi., that pigs cat
Xa
Class XIX. Itail

SYNGENESIA AQUALIS.
678
1797.
S.Barbary
Europe-lica.
S 1*
11317
IV.
i1Jjl.au
il-jl.au
au
O u
un
Britain
bristly
11318 minima
hispida W.en.
D 1 Eng.bei'
un
Britain
me.
smooth
11319
glabra
W.
1J
jn.s
un
D
Ions-routed
Italy
"
11320
radieta
IV.
1
jn.
5
un
Balbis's
11321 Balbtsii IV.
Sp.Italy
610. 1722. D PLBrJuAH
Nipplewort. ^ un J jl.au
1651. fn'tida
LAl-SA'NA.
11322
IV. IV. stinking
Britain gra.fi. S Eog.b.Si
w i my.jn
II33 HyoserisJ'tida
puslUa
Ifminima .-
Britain clt.1799.gr S8 CO Engect-8**
/seris
wun 111J jnjl
113S4
commanii
(.
common
jlau
Ih23. S
115
IK .* Curled
Tauria
my jn
11,
im.rrocdla
intermediate un
Caspi. Sea 1816. D CO
un 1J jLau
113*7 ljrata W.en.
ljrate
ZsCINTHA.
1652. verrucosa
ZACIN'THA.
O nn
1\
IV. W. Aarted
Composite.
1653. BHAGADI'OLUS. IV. *.
\ Spc 1633.
16
11329
stcllatusIV.W.
starry
11 jnjl
Wl YYY Levant
l330duli.
heart-lonved
Davuria
'
11331 Klpinia IV.
mall
S&h!i
1823.
Composite.
1654 MOSCA'BIA. FLper. Muscaria. O pr } jl.AU
11332 pinnatllida Fl. per. pinnatiiid
23- 196.
Composite. Sp.S. Europe
1655. CATANAN'CHE. W. Catanancbe.
11333
ca-rulca
W.
blue
Canda
16*0.
11334 lutea fC.
yellow
Sp.ChiliI-* 1S-J4. S Bot.rcg.e

Coni}>ositie.
1656. TKIPTI'LION. FI. per. TwrnuoN. pr Jiny.au
W
11335 cordiflium Lag. cordate
Sa. 5-7.
Dco
1657 CICHtVRIUM. YV. SOCCMT. ag 2 Composite.
jn.au
Britain gra.so
179. SS r.m Jacol,1'W
11336
l'ntybui
IV.
wild
i
jl.au
n
E.Barbary
Indies 1548.
11337
pinnilum
W.
dwarf
2
jl.au
cul
8B. 3 *
11338 divarictum
Endivia IK.
Endive
11339
un S2 jl.au
jl.au Canda 1633. S
]
11340 spinsum w. W. branching
prickly
Sp. 1.
1658. BACA'ZIA. Fl.per. Bacazia. . i 1 or 4 Composite!.
my.jl - Peru 1825. pJ
11341 spinosa FI. per. prickly
Composite
1659.
SCtrLYMUS.
W.
Golden
Thistle.
1 S EfiK*
my.jn YY \py
11.342
grandill/iru.<>'.Dcsf. large-flowered
or 33 jl.au
S. Europe m
[Si!11S43
lw/o. D
11344 maculitu.
hispni.'us IV. annual
perennial
orr 3 .Li Y ti Europe
11330
11322
11319
History, Use, Propagaron. CMure,

,ne body.
1651.
to purge.
"
'
calledLapon*.
!,.ple;wrt,From
In English, and
Aerfe w
mmitto, 1 ., having ef srf****\
fc *
women"
to aTa'y the Airritation
occasioned
nursingof Z*uVW or u waI formerly
1652. Zacfnlo.
plant growing
in thebyisland
, of the calyx -ing hollowed outm. id**"
under
name of L.' Zacintha.
IsspM
!(.:. theRhagadiolut.
From t*r*<, a slit i each division
to .
resemble
a
furrow,
or
little
gutter.
,. f
AO
S is*1*',,:.,
This plant
out anwaste
agreeable
s mIIitnui,
emu, /"
t rrom ^",j,mn
phmatifi.lMosehnria.
rteeplv cut leaves,
foundgives
in sandy
places:esim"
v.
" OstuMiucte. Vaillant explains the m^n,n8.^h'"s0pils
?f "."S-iLS
admiration.
S^fiUu.
admirai'"11- What
01 * ni t*r*r
that isyto
8 niantwwhich compels
,
anil
-.-,itnecessity
orijnn
is,itv.-i>
that
WM employed
eminovea
. i which
n or three
14^" . ^,|,c
wn "*asm"
-ffiaTWwb,^^ft*?^
its
"
ihres
ami
love
potion..
The
modern
genus,
which
cundid
is
bdcveovphj
phili.uals, can have no reference to that the ancients, one kind ol wnie
oj
comproiwiiB,
and
another Astragalm, pugnifonma John Bauhin call.
taUnanchilegumini
THptiOon.
A genui
instituted
bythree
the divisions
authors ofof the
the 11^:_"
^".^Thc^V
^1"^,,
(Wl
1656.
i4e
fcathPr.
-mint
theplant,
.'mtha
any P'^
ROOOUnl
olof tne
Wiwflowering
U1VI3I-JI.Bdurmg
t- airthe
. ,-1
hiup ll(.wfo,
'"^.-/ie
ual, orMlonrather
biennial
Û-r moiitii
win"'"".
*^
inettylittle
amiitatHer,
lt*l!d,but
mpiires
not
to
lie
kept
too
dry.
There
is
Bne
spec^
t.
flowers
of
UX
not oeei,
bee,, yet
, mtrodueed.
introduced.
SouthtbeV'
AmencajmpUjJ^
^ ^B
âjjjjj
otof
^J^dinted
11|.
I ,\,i
lra^'*
<"r "hidlThelhl'irinhabitants
'">,1 rcnder*
. .n "subject cellcn'
obscrv ra, Linnoius, and others, have derived this name from *, to come, a,
Ordo I.
SYNGENESI .EQUALIS.
79
11317
Leaves
toothed
roughiah,
Invol.
hispid,
Pappus
ofdisk
atipitatc
plumose
:
of
the
ray
sessile
setose
113IS Hispid, Calyxes hairy, Stem branched, Lva. lane, toothed
11319 Stem
Nearlybranched
glab. Invol.
obL imbricated,
Stem
somewhat
leafy. Radical
11320
leafless
Pedunc
withbranched
small
scales,
Lva. runcinatc
obtuacleaves
acab.dentato-sinuale
112
DiSerent
from the
Last glab,having
a smooth
involucrum
11322 Stemlcsa, Scape 1-. Leaves runcinatc pinnatifid, Terminal lobe rhomboid
11323 Scape branched very thick and fistulse upwards, Leaves obovate oblong toothed
1135*
InvoL ofthebranched.
fruitangular,
slender, Lvs. ovate pctiolatc angulato-dentate
1135 Caulescent
LeavesStem
ovatepanicled,
stalked Pedunc.
doubly toothed
Caulescent
CndnooM panicled,
branched, Stem
Lvs. downy
angular,tootbed
: lowerleave*
lyrate-pinnatitid,
II 1
below, KadicaL
lyratc toothedPedunc.
: upperand
laneinvol,
entiresmooth
11328 Rad. leaves lyratc acute, Cauline sagittate amplexicaul. toothed
113
Fruit smooth
smooth spreading,
spreading, Leaves
Caulinelyratc
leave* lane, undivided
Fruit
11331 Fruit prickly spreading, Leaves linear lane, entire
11332 Leaves amplexicauL pinnatifid : segmenta deeply jagged
11333
Lower scale*
scales ofinvoL
of invoL lane.
ovateLeaves
mucronate,
11334 Lower
lane, Leaves
toothed villous
3-nervcdlinear aub-bipinnatifid at base
11335 Leavescordate apiny
!!f5
n*era axillary
aesa. axill.twinin pairs.
,! rl(,wef*
sessile,Leaves
Leavesruncinate
obovate toothed
iiEa'unctwin :: one
onelong
,ong1-.
1--; ;theothervery
the other veryshort
shortAbout
about2-fl.4-fl.Stem
Flowers
capitate
IWJ Pciiuncaxil], twin
dichotomous,
113*0 Flowers axilL solitary, Stemdichotomous, Branches naked epiny, Lva. lane, runcinat
43*1 Leaves obovate mucronate cartilaginous, Howe solitary
} tolitju7>
solitary lateral
aesaile, Lva.
decurrent,
Stem aubsimple
villoua erect
iku
LVi- roughish
smooth.
winged
iwH t\n subaggrcgate,
Lva, acabroua
withStem
the middle
ribtoothed
below hairy interruptedly decurrent
11339
andgrowa
Miscellaneous
Particulars.
Wi,<l in, ficl(l9>
which
where:
but
tilia etymology
la overstrained.
It is much
t"tt0!*naturaJ0^"1,
HieFurskahi
(ireek* **?
at the
Egyptians,
whoit,every
used
this
plant
in great
have which
communicated
frum
tn '! ,[thc
maniu'r
o using
the name
by which
it quantities,
was knownwould
in Egypt,
appears
Vwoct
anditml
il cht*vuryek.
Plinyatremarked,
Egyptians
madeplants
theirconstitute
chicory ofhalfmuch
eonse-of
the rommon
V kaowa tnat
the presentthat
day,thechicory
or similar
the food
'.an>>?5.!2
'**
ln,helike
manner,
there
can be little doubt that the specific terms Endivia and
Ikind
krfc5*
,Vom
Arabic
name
hendiUh.
of winter
r'um |,
are employed
French under
the nameTheofmost
Barbecommon
du Capucine,
eultivatinti
Vht-r,*1 j. .Ir*'hieh
purpose
the leavesbyaretheblanched
like Endive.
methodasof
and
tiuilJ
'*
S
"*
lllt:
eeed
in
dtil!,i
in
the
end
of
July.
nll(l
to
keeP
the
Plnnt*
about
,
**na
winterin the
rootscellar,
are taken
out ofonly
the ofground
and being
packedexposed.
upincne*
in a
ln fewcellar
davs,
m! , m WWHie'
1,I(ilikethebottles
a wine
the crowns
the roots
**1 , ,K.Leavps are prtKluced in great abundance, from the situation in which thev are cult!
4Wn too raoidlv -
- to this
George Bacaa, professor MM
of botany
,spamcus
which appears
to
have
been
thf
simplewithfusiform
rooL SS?*
talk alsohas
abound
a mklffi
ft f"d art,cnokesweet like
- X * Jwe" "* for adultraiing aaC * PCOpIe f
Class XIX.
SYNGENESIA iEQUAUS.
680
5p.Britain
34. wa.gr. S &g.blS*
Burdock.
160. ARCTIUM. IT. sniooth-headed
3 Composite.
jLuu
wa.'J Sl Eng.bot.S4r8
11345
Britain
jl.au Pu
Pu
Schk.bot.S.LI
woolly-headed CD
CD ww 32 jl.au
11346 Lppa
BardanaW.W.
Europe
Pu
email
5*
11347 minus Bieb.
t
1640.
Composite.
1661. SERUATULA. K. Saw-wort.
Britain woods. VD Eng.boL38
Pu
Grad, sib. i LSD
com
11348
tinctria
W.
1739.
Siberia
Pu
Bot mag. IK'
DD p.l
Siberian
11349
coronta
W.
ISO*
Persia
Pu
11350 quinqueflia W. five-leaved

1816.
Austria 1816. I) Jic.iiut.L4tt
Pu
Pigmy
11351
pygmVa
W.
Siberia
Pu
U GmcL lib.8.1
11352
angustiflia
FF. narrow-leaved
17
lPu Sitiera
Willow-leaved
1804. DU Bot.mag.S4S.
11353
aliciflia
W.
Siberia
Centauryike
11354
1821. D
Nepal
11355 centauroldes
simplex . M.W. simple
Hungary
182*.
S PLrar.hu-l.tll
fine-toothed
11356
argta
Fisch.
Hungary
1800.
11357
ranita
Bicb.
...
Caucasus
18*3. DI) Vai.delp3.t39
11358
xerMi'themlelesBieb.
smth.-hearted
Dauphin;
182* D
11359 hci'.Tophf Dcsf. various-leaved
Taurla
11360 t^chadii'lia Bicb. wuolly-headed
Caucasus 1820.
1822. DS
11361
Pieria
Bieb.
scarious
Nepal
1821. D
11362
speraW.Link.
rough
11363 alta
winged
1662. SAUSSU'REA. Dec. Saissurea.
%tttCM
18^. P i itotas h
long
Britain
11364 elongta D
SwiUeri. alroc.
1818. VU P-J Si.bclT.ie |ti
Alpine
11365
alpina
Dec.
discolored
11366 discolor Dec.
W"**!
S Jae.TiBi.it2
Thistle.
1663. leucgraphus
CAR'DUUS. W. white-sotted
. .. 1805.
11367
Arabia
1789 DS Jar. ici- 1 'J
thick-leaved
11368
crassifolius
W.
et
Arabian
arbicusIV.W.
GouaiLlUt."
musk
^nees tt ! JathcTiH-t1*
11370 nutans
11S71
carlinodea
W.
BE
SSbS
silvery
11372
argenttus
W.
11373 oiiownloldCT
nopordum-Iike^t
oror
henees
1804^ | * Su!
ihie-leaved ^ CD
Britain wa.gr.
11374 carlinflius W. Car.ine-le
Eng. tot
Britain
banks.
Flor,
welted
*
dan- tel
ll.J75acanthoidcs
W.
slender-flowered
O w
11376
tenuiflrus
W.
Europe
I
curled
3
CD
11377
crlapui
W.
epiny-hookl
CD
Hungary
S
11378 hamulsus W. hoarv

3l CD
Austria lm D JacaUitT.t*
IriumouitW
11379
cndicane
11380
Personta W.
W. W. cut-leaved
Rome
17
many-flowered i CD
Q) or
DI) CO
11381
polynthemus
Iberia
18
oriental
S. Europe Iim S Jacio. U
11382 orientlis W.en. iianicled
S. Europe 1739 D Scop. cam. tw
11383
panicultue W. W. Italian
11S84
Siberia
Omiola 1778180*. Deo
11385 pycnocphalu
cyanoides W.
blue-bottle-lvd.
Croatia DM
pinnated
11386
arctioidet
W.
Alpine
11387
alpstris
W.
Austria
157* 5D
ope 1781.
11388
deflortus
W.W. various-leaved
small-flowered
1138 nitidus
parviflrue
KS
glossy
-.
S.
Europe
17JH. u Cav. ic L
11390
W.
11391 cerinlhoicics W. Honeywort-lvd.5 or
11350
sory, , Propagation, Cultor',

^^j, (rui4 J* S '
^rcium. From , a bear, (arrt, Celtic) i on account of the r ^_ ^.e ,t
^
cornered
to
the
coarse
hair
of
a
bear.
Lappa
i
derived
(/
"
j
niuttration.
1
every
Uiing
near and
it. The
burdock
la ides
too familiar
to
hoottoy
to4"r
ne hos,stem*,
! i .14;Mtrrf
mon
in
Europe
Japan,
by
road
and
on
ditch
bank*,
few
Plant ; the
but birds feed
on the seeds,eaten,
and naU
andboiled
caterpdlars
Withe"
* wen
before
or raw, onwiththeBumtmei
leaves^.negar.
ant^" ^,
11,
the.tunco
Uon of the flower,
roote U appear,
esteemedmayby besome
equaleither
to iatof
Saraapanlla.
goo Kri
and
seeding,
three
pounds
of
the
ashca
produced
iiteen
ounce*
of
very
m
'
,gc4ii!bcutlingtectb. Ft ilblM
Corau,.' hU word appears to be derived from ara\ a point, in Celtic, m
SYNGBNESIA JEQUALIS.
pinn. bout
.pairs,1-fl.Pinnaconfluent,
Podu..*i-n.apure*eu
inner sea
11351 Lvi.
hirsute
revolute
at edge, Stem
vill. Scale*ofinvoL
. .
ov.-Unc.
1135
Leavehalin.
lin.lane,entiredowny
entire
hirsute,
FL terminal
corymbose
; 11363Leave*
beneath
revolute
at
edge.
Corymb
fastigiate
11 leave* pinnatitid:
pimiatifia oblique
acute imootb
unarmed,
of invoLInvoL
mucronatc
scarious
I 1leaves
lobe distant.
Stem nearly
simpleScale
1-flowered,
globose: inner
squarrose
116 Leave*
Lite S. pectinate.pinnatifld
tinctori, but the lower
are lin.
ovalunarmed
and entire; terminal ovate. Scale* of invoL ov. mu
11
nakedleave*
: segm.
. 11X9
1 Leave*
Invol unarmed
somewhat
radiate,
Iaravc* pmnatifld
ov p.niiatii.d
toothedawned
unarmed
hoarvbeneath
: upper sew. Stem 1-.,,.,
Scale*ofinvol. ov. unarmed,
11*
la-ave*
lui.
entire
downy
beneath.
Corymb
nearly
*imple,
Invol.
ob1,
ovate
downy
11361 InvoL ovate: scale*
roundih
scarious
edge, la.-ave
lane,
lower somewhat
toothed
IMM
111Stemsomewhat
downy,
Lvt. obL
acuteat: narrowed
at base
serrated,
FL subsessile,
InvoLatInvoL
unarmed
113 Lva,
Lu downy beneath
11363
/"-Mttoothed
radical cord,
stalked,
Caulinelane,
decurrent,
suuarroee
,,
^wnlSS
Dinv
. .
..glabrous,
-|4iiy smooth,
Pedunc.
subcorymbose
rmuj j-n. InvoL
downy
ovate mucronate unarmed
lin-*
decurrent
spiny
Pedunc.
erect 1-.short
1LJ75LeTaflecurinuated
spinous,
InvoL
globosenearly
ses*.unarmed
: itsInvoL
scalesnearly
lin. slightly
recurved
erect
iim
i
decurrent
inuated
spinous
somew.
cottony
beneath,
cvlindr.
clustered sees, [lane
their scales
' Tv Lvi.
i ' decurrent
decurrentlane,
obLeinuated
spiny
at
edgedowny
beneath,
FL
stalked
clustered
terminal
pinnatitidtoothed spiny vilL beneath, Pedunc. 1-fl. downy, Scale* ofinvoL sub. spiny
' 1!r T** haIfdecurrent lane pinnatitid spiny downy beneath, Pedunc. scaly downy
i!'iii
?
hairdecurrent
obLciliated
undivided
toothedFLsubvillous
beneath; radie, piniiatilid at base
-' 11t34"M udecurrent
sinuated
nakedspiny
beneath,
stalked
heaped
r<lecurrent
Pinnatih'<l
toothed
epiny
white with
downpanicled
beneath, FL subsessile term, clu
. ri J-cav halfdecurrent
toothed sinuate
spiny
smooth.
Flowers
* Ml.downybeneath
im i decurrent pinnatitid
sinuated
downy spiny,
Pedunc.
naked ofdowny,
InvoL
deciduous
upper finely
decurrent
hn. Stem
1-fl. Scales
lane, mucron.
Ul 'iecurront deeply: pinnatitid
: segments
toothed
upwards
spiny withinvol.
setaceous
cilia; atdowny
end
|
hall"
decurrent
pinnatitid
acuminate
:
segm.
2-Iobed
ciliated
spiny,
Pedunc.
downy
1MB
I
a
halrdecurrentpinnatifid-serratesomew.
spiny
ciliated
naked
:
radie,
undivided,
Pedti
i***?
arinate
naked
erodedsomewhat
citiate-spiny
Il M uravfti
i ''UWi naked
unarmed. atxaicai
:base
radie,lane,
toothed
cut atunarmed
basetoothed,
; caulineScales
sessileof ninnatifid
obi.ovate
entire
cauline lane, somewhat
mvoL ovai
J*. Cc' o,
"mc<". Onopordu
SYNGENESIA JEQUALIS.
6S
le. 81'LYBUM. !."milk * t il Y SiWrt. 1756. D Eng.*
GnVeLW1.4
1lUEttcrouum
1392 inarinumCuQmrjm
4 or
rtru nodding
Eng. bou"
House Thistle.
Warn
1665. CNl'CUS If. marsIi
ll.auui
Aurtna n^-8
lnW L) ; Jacaul.l.L*-J
llHpiKi*trif
W.
(* II
j]
*
Spain
168A
n
^
hoary
11395
cnus
W.Jf.
BtontpcL 1596 D Eng-hAim
or
winded
Arrna
Britain
banks,
a
>
11397
11 i- p. - ' i!.:.I\[(>llt|H?Hcr CD w In I
All. pei L W
11398 UaotoUtlM
W. 1. coinnifin
Europe
1
i CD JLau
prickly
Sillera
1W- HI
"S Mur.wgotiiU
Eng. bol So
11399 frox iV.
3
Britain
ch.
fringed
11400
au
i5 CD
oror {Lau
N.
Am.
11*)1 cilitus
enphorusW. W, woolly-headed
CD
N.Britain
Amer. m..
1.26. DD Dil.
two-colored an. s
Eng.At*1"
bot l
11402
dUeolor
W.IV.
giant
11403
altssimus
Eng.*67
jn
dL
w
Britaio
m.a
.p.
D
meadow
11404
pratensis
If.
jl.au
Siberia
ISO*,
f
co
[
or
melancholy
.
11*6
Siberia 1752- u w Jac.autiu-i
11406 hetcrophfllue
heleniobk* V.W. Eaecampane-lv. i^ of jl.au
jn.o
1823. Dg cc0
11407 erratuloidos 1. Saw-wort-like
in.
pu
tall
nr
11408
elatior
.iV-o. swamp
or InLijl ha pu Austria 181". u
11409
uliginoatM
Hungarian "1 Vs Pu Naple. 18
11410
pannnicui
ff. upright
1S4. D
Siberia
1H11
Tenore.
1820. DD
ii oror iL.
Tauria
11412 etrictiH
dcscrt'iruin
/VjrA. desert
Pu
Jl.au
serrulate
Tauria
11413
serrulatus
/iVA. woolly-flowered^*
1jl.HU
au Pu
, 1819.
1818. D
or
Taliri.l
11411
laninorus
um/.
'
j
14
laniflrus
BW.
Pu
or HU.8 Pu
11415 azachnoldeuB If*. cobwebbed ^ CD
Er
lit
fi
StriÔiO
114U
stngsus
Bub
CD or I au.s Pu
11417
hrndus
V>'?.Hieb. horrid
Pu Barbary g *dCO
hard-headed ^ CD oror jl.au
g
11418
sclcriithus
JLau
.'hate
11419 cchintus IV.
at^ A oror jl.au
unarmed
M/Si. g gS
11+20
mrmia
W.
jl.au
doubtful
11421 ambteuus Pf. lofty
l'u
CD
oror 1 jl.au
11422
orgyais
W.
Pu Siberia 181. " Eng. bot-
jn.jl
tetuse
11423
eetfius
Bleb.
jl.au Pu
Carthamiu-like5
or
11424
cartliamodes
IV.
Pu Britain ro.Mi
corn or way w : jl
11425 arvnsis
Ph.
Serratilla
arvnsisE.W.
ISM. S u
Carduus arvnsis
Pu Hungary
1 32 jl.au
Hungary 810- " % PLh"fV3
river
114S6
rmiUU-'n
Pu
jl.au
few-flowered
JO
11427
pauciftruj
w.
W
TartarianAlpine **3t oror ljjl.au
11428 talrirus IV.
Pu cSSSu 17 f. S FLn.8*
jl.au
11429 rigens
W. W. upright
jl.au Pa.Y
or 23 jl.au
Camiolian
1143(1
enrnilicus
Caucasu. BW " J
pale-flowered 5 or S il.au Pa.Y
11431
olerceua
W.
Pu
g
11432 munitus K. en. armed
Pu Caucaaus
i or 33 jl.au
bracteate
France
7 g ' Lcuict''
111434
1433 obvalllus
Btcb.
Pu
jn.au
clammy
Switierl.
1801.
Eri.ithale
W.
Pa.Y
England
woodi
D Enj.bot.161
2
jl
pale-yellow t
11435 ochrolecus
au. Pu
Britain
gra-pa.
D
orpr 31 jl.au
11436
tubersus IV.W. tuberoui
l'u
S.
Europe
7ft
I g Bot, mag
dwarf
11437
22 jn.au
12
or
Kish.bone
Barbary
180.
114,18 araihs
C.isalx'ma?IV. IV.
jn.jl
T' or
Barbiiry
114, "
I143yafcr W.
1 1401
12
1 13914
History, V , Propagation, Culture,
refere
it to'an S.polmarianum.
luiOOlieo
Krevi.=Mid, .'^toTlnft
- pla
i. ," ' 1 the
.k that oi ii^
tliei..v
4'iiand
mu oieata
eats>.like
.._jftnm
.kirreteaten,
; andandthewere
receptacle ofbe excellent
the flower laIn pulp),
cortde.
describe
plant
i.
much
lucd
a
fodder
for
call
.
describe,
>a P^S
1686. Clin. This il a name under wl . hi sc.inoi . , 1|acU,IS
i < " ,*'W'; ,ACC ao
-pHcV-û^rrcdT-.ôf^n
eatable
either' rawor boiled. C. .rren.is
is wellravelU,
I." " ',v. ils. ; but .
genera" J, ,orl
hsv'4 ,,
land.
in very
nd dry.It A
isUl,(. ,'s howoror,in the
l'an...s.mily,
r', t, aga.i , ool iir
1 ' ,,1! 1 oiui'
" M .In JJ'
dug
out or. u,v nineteen
reelgarden
long; In"'^''1!
vi ^'n'!
taut
tolonc,twooubacke,
every side,rool
some, ofhi.them
eight April,
feet longand1 bysomeNo-ol1 these' itolollc. had 4'"*"
Orkr /.
SYNGENESIA JEQUALIa
OU" "*"
â.oideeurrent
neunrentlane,Une.smooth
Iioarysubrepand
toothed,.u.tiiinipiny,
spiny,
aggregate
nivoialternate
with pinnated
PeduncinvolucraU,
nakedd
1LS7 Lvs.
Lnl
uneq. Fl.
ciliated,
naked
downy
panuapneotog
dacunr. hifpidpinnatif
theirSMoUnl
yin. KLi.er.illy
tloliedPedunc
spreading
ipinou*.
Invol. ov. tomenL
their ale*
Wm
Lvt.
suhilecnrr.
pinnatif
:
segm.
spreadingspiny
vdl.lieneath,
Invol.
hemispher.
sessile
11WJ
Lvi
amplexicaul.
hispidpinnatif.
:
aegin.-2-lolied
spreading
spiny
downy
beneath,
lnvol.
ovate
11401
Lea-
seas,
pinnatif.
evcrv
othere/m
pointing
Upwurttafpta
,
Involucres
spherical
woolly
ll*fi Leavesets,
daw nvdownv
beneath:
segm.toothed
lobcdciliated
spreading
.spiny,pmnatitid,
Invol. (lbosc
cobwebdown
1I40
Leave test. pinnatif.
obi. lane,hairv
scabrous
beneath
: radie,
Invol.with
braeteate
ovate
11404
Leave*sess.
lane,
waved
at
the
edge
and
unetiually
spin,
pubcic
cottony
beneath,
Mower;
mostly
so .tary
11406 Lvi.
amplexic. lane,
ciliato-dent.itc
undivided
orlacmiated
downy cut,
bene.ith,
VI mostly solitary
IHUri
Lvs. subrordate
amplexiciuL
laOC ciliated
downy
beneath : white
lowerand
bomcwh.it
H.-rlustered
1141(7 Lvi.
Lvs. pinnatitid
Une sessilewithciliateil
stngose
beneath
: radical
sinuated.
Scales
ofaggregate,
invol. rccurved-at
end
11408
strong
spines
somewhat
downybeneath.
beneath,Heads
Fl. sess.close
Lvs. olappressed
invol. ipiny
11*8
Lvi
halfdecurr.
obi.
sinuate
toothed
spiny
hoary
together
with
scales
11410 Very
LeaveslikehalfC. deeurrent
lanetheentire
ciliated,
Pedunc. very long 1-fl. woolly
i 1<B3> 11411
arvt'iisis,
hut
leaves
are
deeurrent
IMS
Stem
soniew.
downy,
Lower
lvs.
sinuate-toothed
with
strongspines
rough
above
finely
downy
beneath
114IJ Lvi,
Lvi. amplexic.
amplexic, hispid
hispid pinnatif:
pinnatidawn.
: segm.2-lobed
2-lobcdtprkd.
spreadingspiny
beneath,
ov. glabrous
spiny
jaila s1' 1H4
spiny downydowny
beneath.
HeadsHeov.idscobwebl>ed
withdown
4*15
Lvs.amplexic.
hispid
pinnatif
:
legm.
2-lot)cdspread,
spiny
beneath
naked
subvillous,
Heads
ov.
cobv,
1141S
Lv. amplexicaul.
amplexic. hispid
pinnatitid
. segm.
'-'-lobed
spiny
beneath.
Heads ov.cohwebl*d
glabrous elibed
11417 Stem
Lvi
iii-pid
p nn.itnid
pncUv
: seguspreading
angular
lottednaked
spiny.ainplexicaul.
Heads nodding
Htl
branched many-tl
Heads
teriiiin.il
solitary
spiny
at base,
Lvs.
sinuate toothed spiny
1419 Llaves
ses*, pinnatitid
hispid woolly
beneath
: segm.Scales
2-loliedof spreading
ov.ite woolly
W0
Leave ses*,
lane, cut-toothed
: radical,
pinnatitid,
invol. ovatespiny,
lane,lnvol.
membranous
at edge
11421
Leavescikiate
spinythedowny
beneath
; lower stalked
obi. acunx sulisinuate
; upuer m
114
Like
the
last,
but
leaves
of
involucrum
are
rerlexed
ivo(.
,
Leaves
oljl.
smooth
serrulate
with
brisrl
K1
suhsinuate
J Leave
Km .^
l,noo"i- Mrrulai,, ,' ' '"" '"raed
\\Mi
r"assaS5abr.
LoanlZy iAILil"l
lit!"
i a,riI'lexieauI
*^*iittiaatwt*-ss,-. ,, .....
Clam XI X.
SYNGENESIA JSQUALIS
G84
Syria
S 'fumf.ote.t.96
Jtijl Pu
IE
oror 32 jn.jl
Italy 18001665.
11440 diacSnthiw Lab. two-<p]ned
Pli Stallt
etarry
1771.
Camer.horttl
111442
1441 elelltus
W
Bot.mag. 1
oror 31J jl.au
SwiUcrL
175 SDeo
W. W. Syrian
.Y
jn.au
feathery-head,
Pyrenees
1640.
D
Moe.s.U&j
1144"! eytUcUi
apinosssimna
Pu
meL iib.s.
3
jl.au
Articlioke-lvd.
or
Siberia
1796.
Deo
11444 centauroidcs
Vi
11445
uniflrtu W. IV. onc-flowered 5 or 2 ]Uu
.fcrtain
914. gmba-S Eng.bot 977
Composite?.
1. onopoR'DUM. W.
i CS or 126 jUu
Pu Tauria 1800. 8 Schou.maroc.t5
11446
AciithiumW.W. woolly
Sfjor
jLau
Pu
Barbary
S Jac.vind..Ll
11447
Taunan
or
10
jl.au
Pu
S.Siberia
Europe 1798.
1648.
11448 U6ricum
roacracnlhum
W. long-spined
126 ibi
J'u
1784. SDeo Gouan.iU.t-Si ei:
11449
illyncum
W.W.
5fe Q>
au
Pu
Levant
1799.
D .
11450
deltotdcum
Siberian
Oor
Pu
Caucasus
1833.
11451 cynaroidcs
gne'cum W.Step. artichoke
Grecian
1 CO
oror 108 jnjn.jl
W
S. Europe
1R86.
11452
^
a
jl
Pu
.. 1739. SS Jacic.1- 1-167
Arabian
11453
CS or i Uu
dwarf
11454 arabicum
acaulon If.W.
,
.
1.
Vildaupb.3.t.Composite.
Sp.
1667. eubacRlis
BERAR'DIA.
Berardia. i pr l jl.au
(Lan Pu ItItaly 1791. D
11455
P. S. Vill.round-leaved
A'rctium lanvginsum Dec.
S'Europe 1548. D Blackw.t5*&
Composite.
lfi68. CY'NARA. W. Artichoke. cul 8 au.s
Pu Madeira 78. D Tabern. k, W
11456 Scotymus IV.
garden
,|
or
6
1658. DD piu.alm.tBlb
Madeira
11457
hrrida
W. W. Cardoon
Canda 1G13.
,411.
i <'ul
11458
Cardnculus
Spain
Ii1 jl.au
un
dwarf
1799. DD <
11459
humilie
W.
Barbary
^ un 2 jljl.au
511460
acaulU W.77k. Cape
, G. H. 1816.
1820. D
11461 glomerta
Spain
1
jLau
i
un
pigmy
11462 pygnia/a W.
Sp.
913.
Compositor.
CARLEE TniBTLE.
1818. VD Knor.th^tci
1669. acaiitlflia
CAHLI'NA.W.W. Acanthus-lvd.
jn W Caruiola
^f oror fin
, ,, 1640.
11463
Italy
jn.jl
Hungary
1816.
DD
dwarl"
11404
acalie
W.
or
Ii
Hungary
1804.
siiigle-flowered
1146.5 simplex
P.S.
^ or 2 jn.s
S
Europe
1683.
clustered
11466
aggrcgSta
W.
jn.jl
or jl.au
S,BriUin
Europedrypa-b
140. SD CoLep.U5fl
11467
IV. W. woolly
Eng. botcoryml>ed
11468 lanta
corvmbsa
l! jn.s
Spain 1&- D Deff.atU
common
11469
vulgaris
W.
jn.au
racemcd
11470
Pyrenees 17!
Pvrcnean
11471 raceinsa
pyrenica W.
W
History. Use, Propagation, CultW*.

of ,he p,nus,d*"
in the ..me manner. atatwUtu. i. one of the most common andJioxiou.^ <M*SZ&4
urf>l t'
account of its great bulk, it, numerous downy eed. and the lau1 tj w ,,.1 tmslk. ^ u, nak
wind
curdle milk.
C. helcnra.dos,
used ,âfter
* =g
crbarW
h=f^S0f*
quacks: it.as adried
curedowers
for madness.
C. Casautiona.
is so named
^^""ite.
as are toa number^
^
.,..acui11
P""..
\
me' Hussians
art;m*^
Tuscany,
whooleraceus,
sent the according
seed to John
Bauhin. C.is synacus
plants.
C.
to
Schreber,
not
eaten
by
rJe
)
are
so
used
leaves in the spring, and eat them as coleworts. The tender stall of ^^ ^ mjWtW^^t
166G. /.
"-"
1 vl.nv
for awh.-nce
plant i he P , 1kc plants, 1 Mig <
5
"a^ itS^ô^dSV-iTiny-f;îS^^^^^t
. 'I'he virtues
wh.ch"i"l
he ueribes
It, Ud
nized
genu.,ofto which
eoiisi-b
noble"-J1
i The !. ,uof thjeP uni,kc
tainly now
liav e no^ existence in theItmodern
4>ecimens
annual
vegetation.
used
like
the
artichoke
and
tardoo
i. a
>( ,! Ii.
IIa
lh<
fended
by
the
calyx,
and
are
no
1'
those
of
other
thistles,
are
Strongly
defended
by
til
,nd one of the most magmhreo^
The whole plant is white, tomcntose, and

inagmm t I renoble.
1T7.
Berardia.
So named
triov Villars,
Bcrard,
a bttng
^r"",
spines
itsii.
no
iiuan,wwi
stln naru
m
the teio^ Jj*
, ',
18.
Cyna.. Said
to la-be derived
from after
on aecount
Koinit
ofotr the
^ ,,
16IS. jscraraia.
Qeuro.
et,M...a dog,
toe sin
which
resenible
thea cabbage
teeth ofi abutdog.it must
ThebeEngHjh
wordthat, the word isis very
like the A^^V
spine,
and
chauli,
confessed
ven
of
franc
,1
<n-*u
olymu.
a well known
ejJent.to "^
,ntrhin PIM
j(Ct.
is eaten orrawJUerMie/
in its wildKate
by theis common
la-oplc.garden
Accordms
1.1ta M
^
I1"
couotry and
frombetter
Italy,thanbutthose
i. become,
reason of thenot to be dollMod, a. ^cvt,r, Jp. V
greater
of IUI;"1 bya circumstance
ofprinciple,.
culture i Toe
for it artichoke
is a fact, that
art ofeinthose
in many
surpass
natureo.of ..1'
>fg,-ht,ht. , otf,.jgjj,
**^f
three."
is one
piaulaeases
drougnt,
,rh- the
...
most patient
"'--.^..jhood
ra.,
..muri
>i
11
wasandalmost
the 1.
only
vegetable
procurable
about.
? '";
not
season
(251
.
i August
. .
^
i.rncurable
ill ;'..,
aRai
Jmr
week,
n
Uy
Once
in
the
seventeenth
century,
anrief
fl*;,.
th ^l^nd'were destroyed by frost, but replaced from r ranee. Theree art
are and the dwa date.!
j lh,
.roll?"n^t
nench,
the globe, which
has a large dusky
I r..V"':l,V
nUor isoval;
miller.
paru used
lower puj*
partôf 'thc
tn uave of the
smaller.
the tower
ne.liy receptacles which
.,.,.,
,vl" The
rmm parts
ihn bristles
I,.Mia, are
ulgan:' caUcll ,be choK.
of the dower,
freed
from
the
and seed
down, '1 uig*.
f Order I.
SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.
Leaves .em
narr,lane, entiredown,
beneath
M spine.
SlSu
-' 11
Ml
Leaves
unarmed
dowBJwi'th
Md,
S|,,,K ^^^MSJ.
..t/.*alM
ofUW
UM Laavta
Leaves amplexicaul.
amplcxicauL .
toothedtoothed
with
white
veins,
ptanatttU
spiny
pubescent,
Stem
imple,
terminal
I
Um Loaves pinnalitid, Invol. acarioiu : scales acuminate
11415 Leaves pinnatifid, InvoL scarious villous
1H46 Scales ofInvoL spreading tubulate, Lvs. ov.-obU sinuated
11*47
Scales ofinvol. much
much spreading,asI.V..
decuneutLvs.
smooth
I down) si
1IM8Scales
i ccurr.
19
Lower ofinvol.
scales rellexcd spreading
: upper muchlongasinvol.
spreading, Lvs
devinrent
noy.
114 Scales
1. ofinvol.
snuarroscovate-lanc
Ithcobwebbed
down.spreading,
Leave. ^*^Sbl.
>">
Util
mucronate
Lvs. dceurrent
m .)downy beneath
"J
r
te
angular
11455Sel11458 Stem and
leave.
IwttM:
radical
pinnatifid
;
cauline
obi
a.lnatc
He.jurent
....II... ._..1 -, P
downy
-ii.,im,,.
of invol ovate mucronate appreaaod, Lvs. decurrentirrent
somewhal
,
uct
wracwhat
spiny
and
of invol.
ovateand pinna: connate at base
n a * 11457
S 1yi*
if?4 pinnatifid
"newhat downy
soinv pinnate
r*n~
spiny,
, undivided,
..Spines
. ofScales
beneath
the base
leaves
11458
Leaves
ipiny pinnatifid
: all pinnatifid,
Scales
of invol.
ovate
1143!
I*avM
spiny
downy
beneath.
Scales
of
invol.
subulate
DwKeausM,
Leaves pinnatifid
unarmed downy
pinnatifid : segm. cut-toothed, Scales of invol. lane.
11461
Stumleu, Leaves
Leaves
spiny beneath
llttaStemless,
pinnated smoothish
; segm. toothed spiny, Inner scale* of invol. scarious at end
ll^Stemlets,
downynaked
beneath
: segm.
toothed spiny
angular spiny
n5 Slem >imPleLeaves pinnatifid
Lvs. pinnatifid
: segm.
cut-toothed
S0"
*^mPie
1-1.
longer
than
flower,
leaves
deeply
pinnatifid
squarrose
S9?5
Siml,,e Middle
numerous
aggregate.
Leaves
pinnatifid
smoothspiny
: segm. pinnatifid spreading spiny
jjwSu-mmitbifid,
flower
sessile, Lvs.
hoary
lane, toothed
{-.
corymbose
smootlmh,
Lvs.
lane,
pinnatifid
toothed
smoothdowny ben
[ i!tt'm "-. corymb, pubesc. Leaves lane, unequally spin, and sinuated
omewhat
divided,
FL
axill.
8ess.
Leaves
lane
toothed
downy
spiny pubescent
mR manv-fl Leaves decurrent
ten H b> a gooj Je ,h "'inkers in ireh "
dyi
- --i-., nuil, MI_4I (tllllL'L'd. aild

/'''
distance! aid
""ai,"."10 S. "n?:0""" < in ilrJ.-.-3Tl" 'V, covered a foot
on, the plants are tn K* "...
m,the beginning of June.'
:""> ievr. 1 "me by'n-- """" av. ... "

Pfiff!
J'rtn""- The . expandI in
. KIX.
SYNGENESIA sEQUALIS.
630
ITO ATRACTYLIS. W. .
_ hmllis W.
dwarf
a
472
Composite.
26, 1640.
Pu
ir.ltSB
AcarNa. 9t un 1fjn.au
1671. ACAR'NA IT. mm-rooted
jn.jl
So.S.S Europe
Europe
164U SDeo a.
LoUHtfiHll
473
gumm.fcra
W.
netted
S Composite.
1 1474 cancellaia W.
L 1766. D L'Hc.ser.27._ I
Stokbsia. iA) pr au Sp.Carolina
1672. STOKE'SIA, W. blue-flowered
11475 cianea IV.
Composite.
Sp.
1II.
2
jxd
Y
CG.
H. 1812.' Botma&lTS
Stob*:a.
. 8'. . Carthamus-kett1I or Compositor. Sp. %
11476 pinnta '.
_
1
jn.jl
Spain
J640. Deo Bot mag.253
1
ONOBBCVMA. ggrt.
.14
|!*77c*ri.loumG<tr(.
blue-dowered
3 au W Madeira 1784. e.p
Bot reft. ITA
CAR'THAMUS. H'. CABTHAMU8.
Bot mag. SUI
167?..
officinal
1147 ttnctriu* .
woolly
(11480
Untm
W.
fretnu
J1H81
Tangier
1148 crticui
tingitnue1.k.
SI511484
148a mitissiinus
W.W. small
mountain
tarduucllue
1 1485 arborscens /. tree
1676
CAItnOPA'TUM.
Fers. Cardopatum.
11486 corymbosum Per*, corymboee
f un
1677.
ST-EHELI'NA.
W.
Rr.KitELlVA. * ft
Schr*.d.U
114K7
dubia
W.
Hoeemary-lvd.
1.1
11488 arborfewene W. Storax-lcaved | I pr
11489 cham|>uce W. Pine-leaved \ | pC
1821. S Bot mag.
1678. linearis
PALAFOX'I
Palafoxia.$ OJ pr
11460
Lag. . lincar.leavcd
pintn. t3t*f2
1679. camphor&ta
PTERCVNIA.W. W. aromatic
ITf.koxia. *l I or 3 Composite.
jn.jl
Yi . <;. . 1774. p.l
11491
3
ap.jn
1812. P.I Bre.prci4'-t!
11492
W. W. cluster-flower'd
1149 J trlcta
flcxicailie
bendmg-stalk'd \i || oror 3 jn.au \ . .. .
. 1774.
1815.
11494
11495 oppoeitiflia
scarisa W. W. oposite-leaved
Wimlow.calyx.il* |\ |j oror 4Mjn.au Xi . . .
g_|8.
Composite
D
1680.
VERNO'NIA. W. Verxonia. \ "r 6 8.11
N.N. Amcr.1710.
11496
Amer. 173i DD
11497 noveboracniis
pnelta W. . long-leaved
tall
^ or 84 s.n
N.
Amer.
1817.
11498 angustfolia Ph. narrow-leaved or 4 s.n
N. Amer. 1710. D Bot rctV"..
.1]
11499
glauca Rich.
W.
glaucoue-lcav'd^
Bot mJ"
"" fes,
5 d
11500 serfcea
silky
11476
U
11501 flexusa . M. flr\uoe
jf
173
11472
11482 I
Hit V
History, Va, PrtpagaHM, Culture,
Mem.
Acad.
Sc.
1718.)
derive
tbi. from serf*. distaff, be'"'Y/jllilrno*
1670.
Alractylis.
Vaillant
h
TheophraS.uS
toerjb
Plat
ruling
Item
very litAtoname
make under
spindles.whu
of Dr Witlier,nS
In.l.wen
Acarrra.
WM
to the present
genu.,
whichof ronsirts
ofStokes,
thiatie.like
., u.~i
h! i V"*!'"?Naml
in
lionor
Jonathan
M.D.,plants
well w.v.. ...
"*1 n"ngement
plants.of Lund,
A |>erennial
,, . '<r''Named afterofDr.British
StoDKUs,
one of plant,
Linnieus's
earliest patrons,
a*%
Practical naturalist.bS.""' "" "nd <"m- food< !n a,lu,ion ll,e
.';,;*
paint, on *
eolo'r
vioVT^?""';'Fr1 tinctorial
its Tunrnefurt,
Araliiearename
areason,
ord to\ derives
Ttie
fl,,,,.V.l
by.rhe
lowers.
littleChinese
it iron...v. e"color.',
."nhal"
usedwithmrtmir,
bv the
give some
of thetheBneGreek
leftodto
maeeV. ,h ' "f" "iks- For tnit PUrpte, the flowers are thrown into an infusion . ","rt' pr .
a7 o'erVeseL'cid! ""1 ,lrilwn ut * allJlln C
JU'CC '"
Ljh
impo'A"h,?!,",'
prfnt
ln "ân)andlrt
f Europe,
=nd init isthegrown
Levant,
whence as'^^
o e.,l, ,u' nd
for dveilig
painting.
In Siain
in gardens,
Mi rjgohb m , r
V'Md,
^'.'
dishes.
The toSews
in Poland are
01 lt.in d "^mhire,
Wj
theandaower
,-^1;',>.
According
wasremarkably
formerly
cultfonditvatod
l" nd
seed, n< rommo
^ ,Houghton,
t \ f it ,
and u!d
in their
puddings. tai, M
Olm* I.
SYNGENESIA SQUALLS.
IWSIemand leaves, ,moot

ums
* 1*.,,,
" OU'"'MVai'f'"l ^".p!;.r,tirtdmiv

[ than (i'JW,*
1 Stem about 1-. Leaves ovate lane, spiny-toothed

11478 Stem shrubby, Leaves sessile lanceolate downy beneath spiny-toothed, Branches 1.flowered
1 ,9 Stem
Stem woolly,
quite smooth,
ovate entiretoothed
spiny :toothed,
Fruit nakedpinnatifid toothed 1
... 114S1
11*80
bmInvoL
it Leaves
leaves
pinnatitid
upper
amplcVu-aul
Stem
smoothish,
somewhat
woolly,
Lower
leave*
lyrate ; hnlfH*W|rHnrlfftlf'
IliS? Leaves
Hadic. leaves
pinnated
: cauline
1-tlowered
Iltl
unarmed
: radical
toothedpinnatifid,
; caulinc Stem
pinnate
11
CauUne
leaves
linear
pinnated
*
long
as
plant
. 1118S Leaves ensiform sinuate toothed
1HS6 Spiny much branched with small blue
; jjW
!*acs
sessile linear
downy
beneath.
Inner
scales of iuvol. lane, long
1 8 Leaves
Leaves stalked
cllipt. toothlelted
bluntlong
entirerevolute
silky with
downhoary
beneath
i llts
lio. clustered
very
at edge
beneath, Branches downy
I 11*30The only species
f
otjd Leaven
ovate mueronate membrane.
threes stalked
1.,.
11500
-, and hence ,t bad the name

fe%S?** ST*
Class XIX.
SYNGENESTA ÊQUALIS.
688
1885. S *1";2
Pu Jamaica 1733.
11502 pandurtA Jacq. fiddle-leaved 45 s.n
11503 antlielmhitica
arbor-cens Ois*,If. tree
LJ or If n.d
au.B Pu
Pu E. liidieii 1770. S Kliee.malAL
51150t
purple
* Ol
Compositor. S&. Holl. 1S S Botmag^
1681. '. . Br. Ammobium.
]1503aUtum . . winged
11 2 mr.s W
DD p.lpl Sweetagard**
1682. LIATRIS. If. rough-cupped
Livreia. 3t e
Bot mag.
17
11506
aqwnfra
if.
N.
.
1..
fl.gMiw
Pu
4
cariousnipped^
J1 1507
Bcarisa
f. PA. glohular-cupp'd^t ' 3 au.o Pu N. Amer. 1817. DD -1 Sweet
Bot
reg.
W7 W
150S
snhroidea
14.
Amer.
1787.
Bot.
reg.
Pu
S'4
s.o
hairy-cupped
1) p.l
11509 lccans If.
Pu
hairy-leaved 5^ 14 44"
N.N. Amer.
Amer. 1783.
Wil IlD p.l
11510
pilu
If
Pk
au.o
cylindrical--5
11511
cylindraeea
17911. D .71 ::
Pu li.N. Amer.
vrious-leavea 3t !' 33 Jl.au
11512
heterophil^PA.PA.
Amer.
rep. *Jl
Pu
11513 pycnostchya
PA. pubescont-lvd.
N.
Amer. 17.49.
1732. D p.18.P Bot.
Pu
G3 au.
au.o
Bot
rep.
long-spiked
3t
el
Carolina
175*6.
11514
spicta
W.
Pu
Bot.
ab. 8m
au.
sweet-scented
lAI
el
R
i-P
11515
^ "1 1 . Pu N. Amer. ...
11516 odoratssima
pmila Hort. If. dwarf
3-21. 17 Bre-^Viw
MlKANI*.
1683. Houstni
MIKA'NIA.
8 Compositor.
jl.au Pk :P.Jamaica
11517
If. W, Houston's
D Jatk-LLIW :; Si
halbert-leaved t.\_
oror 8 ... Pk Jamaica
11518
hastta
W.
11519 scndens If.
S
tl^t*
, SPARGANCPHORUS. G*r/n. SPARQANOPHoaiJ Composite-IndiaSp. 2. 1823. S Gertn
BJt*
1 1520 Vaillntii Gcrtn. Vailant's
Jamaica
11521 Strehiuin Sun. Swartz'e
$p.Jamaica
30-107.1773. JatKh.S.t.l
1685. EUPATtPRIUM. Jf. Eupatorium.
Pk
1) DiLcl.tU5.Cl
11522
D*
W. PA. shrubby
rn.ru,,
Pa,Y
N.
1307.
11523
fmiculccum
Fennel-leaved
3t
or
W
N.N. Amer.
Amer.
1699.
11524 hyeeopiflium W. Hyssop-leaved i nr
D1.) W. bortt**
'
Amer.
177/.
ii;i-/.r...w> it' iesaile-leavod

11525
N. Amer.
1816.
1)D piu-almtlSl*
Teutriuin-lvd.
11586 sessilit'lium
tcucrillium IV.
If round-leaved
N.
Amer.
1699.
11527
rolundiflium
If.
N.
Amer.
1699.
11528
altssimum If.
W. tall
N.
Amer. watJpl
1768. UU Jacic Ltno
three-leaved
Britain
1152
11530 trifolitum
cannabnuin If. HempAgrimony
Syria
1807. DD Corn.caaaA^
11531
eyrtacum
W.If. Syrian
N.N. Amer.
1640.
DD Herrn.!1-11*
purple-stalked
11532
purpureum
Amer.
165fi
11533
maculitum
PA. spotted-stalked
N.N. Amer.
1815.
UD
doited
11534
puncttum
PA.
Amer.
181b
11535 vertiedlatum If. whorl-leaved
N.N. Amer.
Amer. 1699.
DD DILel.tlM.fW
Feverwort
11536
perforatum
W.
1732.
blue-flowered
11537
coelestlnum
W.
S.
Amer.
1863.
11538
urticaeflium IV.If. Nettle-leaved
N.N. Amer.
1739. DI) -1 Plu. aim- La**
aromatic
A. . 01
11539 aromticum
Amer. 1640.
D Pu.aim.tn7w
Ageratum-like
5
11540
ageratoides
If.
Jamaica
1752.
sweet-scented * ft
11541
odorfitum
W.
Jamaica
1(9*.
D Bot jrSOlO
Iva-leavcd f^
11542
ivoeflium IfR M. Sage-leaved
N. Amer.
A oror
11543
.... 1814.
1823. DD
,._, salvitvflium
-leaved Al
11544
lamiifliuin
Link.
Ntttle-leavt
1824.
115*5
ceanothiflium
If. Ce.mothue-lvd.
^
A oror
N.GrenaiUSaO. Kun.nov.gt-3W
11546
ircsinoides
Ktk.
snowy
i.
1818,
11547 panicultum Mill panfejed
E3 or
riripppus pancula,
paiiiculalus Hort
Etiopppus
11505
UW7
U516
History, Use, Propagation, **>
]s ] ffij^ta*
their
corolla,
which
U notgreater
ligulate,partandof from
every other
tribe byin Amenui
thwrgi, , fcw -n Asia an ^ prf[l,
that of 1?. Tlie
Vemomee
are found
"TfflM-. From ewtK, sand, ndito live, in ^lC^
half-hardy
New Holland
herbaeWTus
plant,
white
mvolui
ral ical. Anl(.nan
hJJK
^np.
pla,
with dryAwlnte
American
^ ^hUrt
1GR2.should
i'i^m.
A wordout
ofolofunknown
meaning.
genusll,vo'u'^North
of charaInj
ti
thc
LAoirU.be taken
cb
u Vandla,
the u>
"^^chWt
They
*
ih*. autumn,
and
preserveu -'rescmbling
Prêrm<*
" [,ml)lil)g
^-Jino
anu "
ana
the when
borders
ini., give
the
ami
P^r*e
ui i.iatris
odor.HisMma,
the
leaves
dry
out
a
very
pleasant,
smu
years
U is called
the
Carolina
Vanilla
plant.with large liwdW m- t lM,autiful
flowers]olca-C ol ' in , ci,r-
l
latr
luarrosa
is
a
very
handsome
species,
bc
terand
scarl,** th
are bruised
known inbulbs
North
America
the name
^1'^
f the same time,
i il!..^re,,t,k''
of the
planta under
are applied
to theof wound,
wnn,
m milk is taken inwardly.
0di .
SYNGENESIA *QUALI&
term, about 3
3 IISM^S^saaft*-^
1"liai
> in spikes
somewhatStem
toothed
smooth,
..,
inootii.
.. mil
serrated
atserrated
base
; U|>perni06t
roundishcordate
bluntly
serrate
veiny
subsciiile3 orlanceolate
3-nerved
narrowed
at each
end downy
: lower
serratedSt,.tn
inentire
middle
lu ,i -
ves
,ta*'tea
*-atc
ovate
narrowed
at
each
end
serrated
roughish
veopposite
subpcliolatc
tri-quinque-partite:
their
segments
lanceol.
deeply
serrate
r VC> sulked
Pt,ulatetcrniite
simple downy beneath
unequally
StemStem
smooth
*Leaves
4 or 5-nateandovatelanceolate
serrate rugose
veinyserrate.
roughish.
hollow
Ku i ve* sUlked 4 or 5-natc ovate lanceolate unequally serrate downy beneath, Stem solid furrowed
Leaves
stalked
1<1 34 oror +-nate
,~J-,1;>te ovate-lanceoL
"vate acuminate
serrated
"
side,
Wttd Stem
roundsolid
cunate at base unequally serrate smouthish,
leave* connate perfoliate downy
\pL |fav* stalked cordate ovate bluntish 3-nerved bluntlv serrate, Fl. corymbose
Iii i *|nd' italked
L*aVMrtaikl
cordate
tut serrate,
Panic,
Invol
many-fl. upwards,
subulate pungent
J*|*ee
ovate acuminate
acute
3-nervcd
bluntly
serrateterminal,
glabrous,serrate*!
Stem panicled
Fl corymbose
lSl
i
mtllked
3-nervetl
unequally
coarsely
smooth,
many-H.
115 I " tnaiisular ovate serrated entire at end downy beneath, CorymbsCorymb
spreading
term,spreading
sessile
if*
narf0"
lanceol.
3-nervcd
subscrrated,
lnvol.
squarrose
many-flowered
IttH . vps lI"l'i'xicauL lane, acuminate rugose serrated, Flowers panicled clustered
stalked
ovate
acuminate
unequally
and
bluntly
crenated
pubescent,
Panicle
contracted
"
sulkedvillous,
ovate acuminate
3-nervcd
glabrous
K-in twining
Lvs. deltoidtoothed
ovate acute
3-nerved
soft beneath, Panicle term, tricliotomous difluse
' E. lamiifolium, but the flowers smaller and panicled
j 11540
vuJ; Nan*~ by Win i atUi

'kiof ,hmeri'cine i* ?]' Plii d
mcut'trs.
if Pr
I153G
1 febrS^"8
I
one of
the seed crowned with a mem-
Class XIX.
SYNGENESIA &
(90
: .. !
DD
N.
Amer. 1819.
il.au W
11548 pubcscens If.
downy
* jl.au
Jamaica
18
W
11549
mlkStt
sort
,_,
18
jl.au Pu
111531
1550 dcltoideuin
Jacq. deltoid
t__ ES
1821. D
ctodons /./i.
climbing
oror Jb au.B V
ltise. DUMEHl'LIA. bag. tonffl^ ^ 3 Compositor.
Colombia
1825. Ann.raiu.19.lT |3*ein
au Pu
11552 puiTcuU Lag. paniclcd
Compositor. Sp.Amine;.
48. 1714. S .1 Ex-15 kan
1187. AGE'RATUM. W. AUEEATUJ1. O or I jl.au
L.B Peru 18. S Cav.lc4.LSSJ ...^
11553
OO oror SII jl.au
1155* conysoMes
lati&lium W.W. hairy
broad-lcaveu
Nol>al 1881. S BoL mag. SU "hssl
jnjl W
W
1LSSS
strlctum
.
M.
upright
ljinjl
Mexico 1822. S Bol mag. 2! 4M
O
or
11556 mexicnura . M. Mexican
Sp. 12.
BoLmae.nS0 ' !..
lim ageialodee
CjELESTI'NA.
CatLEtrriNA.t L| I 1 Compositor.
jl.o
11557
Cass, Cos.
blue-flowered
Compositor.
Sp.
1014.
tlS9. STE'VIA. W.
SrEviA.
1812. DS p.l BoLreg.S3
Mexico
U JL
au.B Pu
BoL mag.
11558
1798.
Mexico
Pt
mag. 18*9
lBol
11559 purprea
Eupatria W.W.ax. purple
entire-leaved i I*pr 2l|au.s
Mexico
Pk Mexico 183. DS p.1 BoL
ll5tin hyssopil'lia B.U. Hyssop-leaved
J
P[
Cavic-*->il
11 au.B Pk
Jac.sclM.S.L
./llow.leaved
JJill
ll.jiil
saliciflia
W.
D
e.p
I7 D s.p
FW Mexico
saw-lcaved
1I56'J
serrata
181&
Mexico
lva.leaved i5- PrPr 22 jU
1I563
ivicflinIV.W.IV.en.en. oval-leafed
lBlfi.
Mexico
w
au.a
Bol mag-WO
115d4ovta
SDD a.p
s.p
1803.
Mexico
w
pr ..
11565
pedta
W. Lag. muliuid
1822.
Mexico
Pu
1
jl.s
|
_1
I"
11566
lanceolta
11567 '
'
_ _| pr liiU Pu Mexico 182J. 1)
Compositor. Sp I.
1IS0. glaica
CEPHALCPHORA.
W. Ofhalofhoba.
11068
W.
glaucous
^ 1 un 2 jlau Y Chili 1798. D Car. icd. LS99 h,
Sp. 1- ,
pia,sel.H.B.f
1691.
AMPHE'REPHIS.
Klh.
Axpiirrephib.
U5ti9 iiitermdia Link, intermedate O pr 11 jl.au Pu firaiil 1821. S
Compositor.
Sp.
12.
tlS92.
HYMENOPAPPUS.
J. Hmmrirm
11570 tcnuiflius
Ph. Blender-leavcd
i un 2 jn.au W Louisiana 1811.
Compositor. Sp. 25.
1613.
MF.LANANTHE'RA.
ML
Melanantiiera
UM*
11571 liaetta Ph.
anowy
iA| un 2 jnjl W N. Amer. 17S2. D DilLelt
Dille*. L*if51
Bittens
ipen
W,
D
N.
Amer.
1732.
2
jnjl
W
Jac.ic3.L5S
pandurtaMich. fiddlc-leaned
11572 deltuldca
rough-leaved f l\I
ILE un
un 3 jl.au Y a Amer. 1799.
Colea spera W.
23. 1812.
1694. MARSHAL'LIA.
PA. Marbiiallia.
, in,tarolina
1 1 Compositor.
jn jl Pu
Mich.Bmc.t.W
11573
11574 lanceolau
latiflia Ph.Ph. epcar-leaved
broad-leaved at -11 Prvr U jnjl Pa.pu Carolina 1806. D
Sp.Ceylon
314. 1768. S B.I Plnkilll"
1695.
SPILANTHES.
W.
Spilsmthesl
11575 Pacudo-Acinlla W. spear-leaved O un
S
Peru
white-owered
11576 40
E Indiee 1783.
1770. S Ae.TiiKl'j*
esculent
11577
169. Bcmlens
SAL/MEA.
11578
Dec.ta
11579 '
1 lfiO
History, Vse, Propagation, Culture,
Even
"
cl
SuS"^
<?Pfci,aI!r
in
w,rm
'
the
of iSm
iarho'esis.
Thedecoction,
plant
1. ital.oprove,
statedbe totaken
be ...in doses of wenry"
thirtycure
grain,
o;T. ^"
When" employed
ae aortonic
thi. plant
may
a.(*
an eSc' istrn^î
l'*may
te be made
of ",e
rendered'moderately
hitter.of When
intento s""J
"g llccoct|on
from''"""on
an ounce
of the plant in a quart
water boiled
H.torV,C,Shed Noe1 1"" . - ""1" Dumril, author of an Elementary Treatise upon N.hjrsl
Ilm, hary"eaveT
" 0CUv' at ' " 18Ui- ima" half.shrubby South American plants, *
ffwe*rlv4.""0,Cmpl0>,e
Dioecoride.,
probably applied
by himoldto age,
somebecauae
plants similar
TU haT' L,. ^ ] " uerivol
fromand 'privative,
and ,
it never
1688.
(UtaiSJ"M'
,w*y
Preserves
its
color.
:
ei!!,Sf!&
bl1f' in allu,ion
'<> th oolor
of the
dowers.
. "
, ,h.
sixteenth
rentu-v uf,C',Vf
.av?m.ll"I
the memory
Peter
James
a Spanishof Valenta
nhvs.cian
(00. Cephalo'i*r
52 o1'""111
him ahead,
dictionary
of totheofbear,
plants
ofEstove,
the united
kingdom
SI.
Jmphcrcnhi'
**.
f4,
iunatives
dowers
being
little heads.
^ il
erom~ sieeiiefc.
whichand
signilies
well covered,
on account
of theindouble
involucrum
Ule ' im.
fa Ordir I,
1 Lvs.
Ce
sS >i Cnit
;
Ss as kB*
*
Dtt ki
Sjjk'
Da Cu
*
Ji?i d k*>
>
SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.
691
2 Leave* roundih
7-lobod : lobescrenate,
.j,
. . corymbose torminal
11552
roundish 7-lobed
Panicle
11553
Leave*
ovate
aubcordatc.
Stem
hairy,
Pale*
ofpap|iua
awncd toothlctted
11554 Stem
Leaveserect
ovatesimple
cunate
at base.Leaves
Stem cordate
piloee, rugose
' ofpappus
11555
scabrous,
unequallylanceolate
serrated acute
11556 Hispid, Leave* cordate ovate crenatc rugose. Corymb comi>ounii, 1'alcae pappus lanceolate awncd
11557 Leave* stalked ovate acute rounded at base serrated pilose above hairy beneath
11559
Leave* lane
lane, channelled
narrowed
intofaatigiate,
the footstalk
3-nerved, Corymb
11559
Leave*
3-nerved
entire.
Corymb
Pappuspaleaceous
andfastigiate
1159) Leaves
Leaves
oblong
ovate entire,
Corymbs
spreading.
Pappus
awned
as long
asawued
corollaPappus with 2 awn*
11561
lane,
narrowed
at
each
end
serrated
in
the
middle,
Corymb
spreading,
11 Leave*
Leaves lane,
lin. lane
serrated
at
end.
Corymb*
fastigiate,
Pappus
paleaceous
anil
awnedfastigiate
narrowed
into
the
footstalk
3-nerved
finely
serrated
at
end,
Corymbs
11564
Leavesovate
3-nerved
serrated
cunate
and
entire
at
the
base,
Pappus
dully
and awued
11565
Leaves sessile
stalkednarrowed
digitate pdate
paleaceous.
Um
at baseentire,
rough Pappus
with minute
hair*, {Fiorvstiua,
Pappuo withCase.)
3 awns
11567 Leaves 10 lines long4 line* Ifpad finely downy beneath, Flowers purple
11568Theonly specie*
11569 Leaves of invoL foliaceous inner ovate obL rounded ; outer awned
11570 Hoarjf, Leavesub-bipinnatifid, Flower* in
compound corymbs
11571 LeavesServed
unequally toothed
11572 Flower**olitary
in**, We* long ,ril)lancrcd 111|1 ierrstel >)
harrow linear
f"-
im Lea?0bt' , Stem erect

^^KSStV?. P^ncpanided, Head, ovate
iunc. opp. diverging r.iany-flowored
"559 ,70
fÂX *,;>an,wl.h , anther., a vcrv ., r,

""<""- Named aft
'
"*
"C<m"ne 10 tl,c ** f
^^rlS^P^^rm*1'- " En'hman, author of. rt of r,i.,r, of .no tree.
^l*; ** i'taik"1 Jacolln lW'!' m "" thc ^ ' ""* "flho original
Th >1"' nd a L The "-
o excellent ingredient in alada, amount
JKj
'4
out
wie,"
taSn^,
fidcolor'
5? Ulte
? -imitar'to the Abcedaria figured b,
ftfnnce
Charle,
ir
2ame
w
originajlv^S.
i
'<!
55
,bno.w"fbalm-Salm,
aerea ,S , y f?|||
,0.cience.
a 8" Itrelated
to Aloe, and",wa.
^tncnamehyPree^gil?^
botanical
wa.M01144Nen.i1
transferred
,T,
the named
gcniu
IJecandolle, in the appendix to hU Hortu
S
ext
SYNGENESIA JQUAMS.
Class XIX.
1697.
Bt'DENa
:
BlOF.vs.
Com/nsitte.
sp.
is-.
lia
nodiHora
If
sesslle-rlowcred
]
un
jl.au Y E. Indies 1732.
Dillolt 1.4415!
11681
tripartitaW. W.
trilid
OO un
jl.s
Britain watpl.
Eng. bot
1113
lias crnua
nodding
un jl.s
Britain
dit. S m Eng.
bot. nu
11583
heterophylla
W.
variousdeaved
l\j
un
au
s
Mexico
1303.
D
s.l
Ortegdec.s.L!2
Irondsa
W.
11584
smooth.stalked
o
un
N.Amer.
Amer. 1710.
Mor.s.6.L5.tSl
11585
leucantha W.W.
white-flowered O un 1 jljl.au
&China
IIS; pilosa
chinnsis
Chinese
OO un
jn.jlau
I80t
Ru.am.6.t Bit
11587
W.
hairy
un
Amer. 1801.
1732. S Dill.elt.t4S.fjl
j!
11588 bipinnta
sambucifliaIV. W. Elder-leaved
un
3 jl.au
jl.au
Se S.N. Amer.
U ('av. ic 3. L 229
11589
Hemlork-leav.
un
2
"
N.
Amer.
1687.
Hcr.paraiUl'JS
11590
bullta
W.
orun a jl.RU
N. Amer. 1822.
1759.
Ard.ipec.2fl3
11591 prcera
Reg. rough-leaved
tall
)
Mexico
Bot
regest
luxdriansW.. IV.
11592
luxuriant
i -1
un
jLau
Mexico
11593
folisa
leafy
un
jn.jl
1818.
connta
IV.
11594
connate
un
Jnjl
N.
Amer.
1817.
1159,-,
parviflnra
email-flowered un jn.jl
Baical
1821 S
odorta Link.
Cao.W.
11596 reflxa
sweet-scented
ft jn.jl
Mexico
1825.
SD
11597
reflexed
3 un
jn-jl
Mexico
1821
PLATYP-TEUIS.
-/. Putvptfriil
Compotita;.
Sp.
1.
11598 crocala
Kth.
saflron-culorcd
' ja.mr
Or S. Amer. 1812. D Botn i.l(0
Sptlanttitts crocatus B. M.
I.AGAS'CA.
Car.
Ucasca.
Composite:
.115!
Cao.
soll
;
jn.s R Sp.%
S.Mexico
Amer. 1815.
mag ISM
S mollis
rubra Kth.
red
jl
1823. S Bot
Hum.oag.L311
1700. LAVE'NIA. W. EAVES!.,
Composite.
Sp.
12.
iieai
erecta .
upright
] un 2 jl.s Y E. Indice 1739. S Burro, rey1 t. t
"1701
CACA'LIA.
W. rough.stalked
. . il cu Composite.
Sa 2660.
11602
pnpillns
W.
1727. s.p Dill
elf L55.f.
1163
Antouphrbium
IV. Oleander.leav.
oval-leaved .. i cu
cu f.mr... YY C.C. G.. H.R 1596.
DilLeltLiity
Kletnia
IV
.o YY Canaries 1732 s.p
s.p
PlaBt.
grass,
11605 Ficoldes W.
flat-leaved H.n-Pjcu
, | u jn.n
C.
G.
H.
1710.
s.p
Plant
grast 91t
now
camisa
.
narrow-leaved
jnjii.o YY C. G. H. 1757. s.p
11607
'"
glauous-leavciio.
tj
cu
",
giaucous-icavc
H. 1759. s.p Plant grau.48
11608 Haworthil Sweet woolly.lcaved
' Thunlieru
' "' I I cu
Y .C. O.G. H.
1795.
ofi,.i....i
11609 tumentsa
articulara M.n.
nv not jointed
articult!
w.
1}
s.n
CG.
H.
1775.
1161o
tomentosa
771.
tomentose
*I
I
cu
11611 appendicular '. apjiendaged . 1_J CU
Tcncride
G. H. 1815.
1795. . Plant g s.18
Y
1161!
bicolor
IV.
two-colored
4- Cjor
CDor my.s Pu E. Indies 1804. Bot. reg.
11613 ovalis . reg.
my.s Y E Indies
sonchifliaLab.W. oval-leaved
reg. 101 tfi8
Sow-thistle-lvd."
ni
l.11614
1(115 Sabrina
I'u
RhcmaLlO.
Indies
1768. s s.p Bot
wdlow.lcavcd * loror jl
Y
11616
N.
Holl.
1820.
coccnea
.
.
Bot
reg. 923
scarlet-flowered
or
11617
Y
1799. S Bot mag.
w. creeping-rooted^ or jn.JI
564
au.o
11618 Sarracnica
France
hastta
'.
D
1772
spear-leaved
it
or
III.
W
11619
I.I
.
Siberia
rhombiflia
IV.
I)
Gmcl.sib.2t63
rhomb-leaved
^
or
11620 suavolene W. sweet-scented or au.o Y Siberia 1816. D
11621
VV N. Amer. 1752. D
atriplicifliaW.W. Oracho-leaved 5 or
11622
I..Pu
N. Amer.
Ainer. lfta
DD Pluk.aLUOLti
Kidney-leaved jfc oror J jl.au W
I11624
62. rendormis
N.Austria
1801.
al|ilna
W.
Alpine
!
jl.au
Pu
austa tfij*
17.19.
lbifrons
W.
1)
wbitc-lcavcd
5
or
jl.au
11625
W Austria 17.39. D JarJac.aiul3.L2iS
W.en. climbing
i_iA|or
ap Pk
6'I' ,jl.au
11626 scandons
pimi.it W.W.
.Iberia
G. H. 1816
1774. D
wing-leaved
S
11627
l'k
eagiltata
D
sagittate
] or 3 jl.au O.Pu Java 1823, S
1154(1
1697. PBitte
onspiciioui
^'idyyi
'
-"*"* "im mu tccui. very womiiess jucuini'
A(9"I1""'""-baûs jKSh*0^ and "*<" "8. n "usion to the margin of the
/^>.. lS'"Tf^-U
Nameil in honor of
" "
5CTSSil
0-residing
l""fsor
of botanywhither
at Madrid,
! >
' uijtry.
' tllnc f writing this,
in England,
he hasanfledamiable
from
A nanie of UUkn0W"
i
Cr?"'i W"""a^'
mea"ing' orieintlng with Sherard. Small uselosa annuals, native.
" 11 >ve"brfwKnol^ln0
plant withIt large
1,
now ( ailed Cacalu ","?"untl
alpin . To Sprengel
appearswhitish
to beleaves.
the Bupicunim
Okdek I.
SVNGENESIA iEQUALIS.
693
11560
discoid stalked,
Outer
ir.vol. 3deeply
times serrated,
as long asliristles
flower, ofLvs,
with2-31 or 2 teeth on each lide
11581 Flowers
Lea
tripartite,
Leaflets
the ovate
pencar
11583
Fat
droop.radiant
Braeteas
lane
cut.lanceolate
(longer
thanthan
.)inner,
Lvs. Cauline
lane, serrt
undivid.
Bristles
11583
Flower
erect,
Outer
invol.
longer
leaves
lane,
serrated
: ofpericarpabout4erect
radical
11584
Fkdiscoid,
Outer
invol.
6
times
as
long
as
flower.
Leaflets
ciliated
at
base,
Lower
lvs.
pitin. subternate
: ovate
upperserrated
ternate
1J5S5
fis.
radiant,
Outer
inv.
the
length
ofinner,
Lower
leaves
pinnate
:
upper
tmate,
Leaflets
1158ri 1
Fk discoid,
radiant, Outer
Outer inv.
inv. length
length ofinner,
ofinner. Low.
Low. lvs.
Ivb. pinn.
pinn. :: uppcrtem.
leafl. ov.
subcord.
eerr.
uneq.
at base
11587
uppcrtem.
Term.
leaf),
twice
as
large
as
the
rest
11588 Flowers radiant, Outer invol. longer than inner, Leaves decussivcly pinnated serrated
11589
flowers
subradiant,
Outer
invol.
length
of
inner.
Leaves
bipinnate
:
leaflets
lane,
pinnatilid
115SU
Outer inv.: pinnss
lungerlinear
than acute
flower,channelled
Lvs. scabr.entire,
toothedOuter
: low.leaves
roundish
ov. : blunt
upp. tern.
111 Fis.
Leavesdiscoid,
bi-tripinnate
of invol.
downyStem hairy
1159S
Flowers
radiant
erect,
Outersultciliated,
involucre
longer
than
inner,leafy
Leaves lana
stalked
equally serrate
1593
Leaves
lane,
acute
serrated
Outer
involucre
IIVH
Flowers discoid,
discoid, Outer
invoL
3lunger
timesthan
as long
as flower,
Cauline
: lateral
connate
lliLb
Outer invoL
invol. length
inner,
leaveshipinnate.
tmate leaves
: Leaflets
leafletstmate
.i-partcd
cut-toothed
!]" Flowers
Flowersradiant^
Outer
ofinner,
Leaves
cuneiform
3-toothed
11597 Leaves lyrate-pinnated: pinnoe ovate acute serrated pubescent, Flowers panicled
11593 Leaves hoary toothed, Stem with 4 wings
-i
!
11599 Leaves
Leaves stalked
sulx-renate
softlytoothed
silky rigid
lits
on shortovate
stalksacuminate
elliptical blunt
obsolctely
UM Stem branched erect, Leaves elliptical finely serrated
DM
with
cylindr.
truncate Hat,
pSspfBss,
Leaves
flat line at base
llfltti Stem
Stem shrubby
shrubby.
Leaves
ovate-olilong
Petioles
withlane,
a triple
11*Stem
shrubby,
Leaves
lane
flat,
Flowers
corymbose
116t
Stem shrubby,
Leaves
compressed
fleshy
IlfiueStem
shrubby,
Leaves
roundish
l'edunc. terminal 1-. Daxm
Hi7 Stem shrubby,
shrubby. Leaves
Leaves depressed
depressed fleshy
fleshyincurved,
lia*Stem
fleshy
woolly
11609 Stem shrubby. Leaves fleshy flat ternate, I,eaflcli 3-lobed
Shrubby
Stem suffVuticose,
Leavescordate
ovatc-lanc.
toothed
downy downy
beneathleneath....
.
IM]
doivny.branched,
Leaves
ovate
acutetoothed
angular
: stalks will
|i|X'iidacct
1161
Stem
herbac
Lvs.
lane,
smooth
: stalked
of the stem
amplexicauL
;..mplixyuL
niches
stalked
11SU
Leaves
thickuh
villous
:
lower
oval
repand-toothed
;
upper
sul.lyrate
14
Stem
herbaceous,
Leave.
amplexicauL
toothed:
lower
lyratc;
upper
sagittate
toothed
15
Leaves
obileaveslanceolate
connate :downy
beneath.amplexicauL
Racemes axillary
UC16
Radicalherbaceous,
ovateLeaves
Bpatul.ite
cauline
crcnate
edgedentire decurrent
17
Stem
sessile
obi.3-loued
laneentire
serrated:
at theFlowers
base
cunate
18
Stem
herhacHiu*.
I
talk.-d
n..-%t
ite
errate.
racemose
n>aZ
rSS
&M,S
unequally
toothed.
Ho.-nodding
corymbeacteeth
erect
Sem
herbaceous,
Leave.
stalked
taMHfMr
serrated,
SSSTJuKi
Stem herbaceous.
hertceou; Lam
Larra stalked
stalked :: radical
radical cordate
cordate Mfcm
toothed rpand
cauline.rhomboid
on each side
llfflSStem
toothed |^"''^"SmJ
to herbaceous,' Lt.
stalked
cordate
toothed.
Petioles naked,
fldji.te,Corymbs
IjJ**j~-J
agStcmherbac.
cordate
toothed
hoary beneath,
Petiolestorjmta
auncled
lasligiate
llfiS Stem twining,Leaves
Leaves.talked
triangular
sinuate-toothed
- at base,
rnhmma fastieiate
gstea,
herb.
Had.
km
:
caul.
pinn.
Pinn
toothed
:
upper
tinitll*.
frV^SSSSf
Stem heroaccoiu, Leaves toolhletted : lower stalked obovate ; . obi. lane sagittate amplexicaui.
ParcuU
ofor4hem
themkindsare
remarkable
'StT
?f lh0
"*"*
Thestems
speciesand
areMiscellaneous
nearly
all objects
of ornament
arcrequire
thc.r
fleshy
awkward
looking
others
for
their
discolored
leaves. TheSome
succulent
R
m old rubbish,
and to be are
tSated
leave,
ofaresoine
speca
Ha
and sonchifolia)
used airected
as salad by
the j
Chinese ; antbemums.
and those of The
C. lcoulc.
somct.mc.
" theis French
<- Kleinia
called cabbage tree, from the resemblance which the stalks have to those of the cabbage ana
Uw^
and tribe of A<ta0h.t g But we do not find tiie division adopted by other botanista. M. himael suspecta that Adeno.
Iae rcay be united iih Tuasilagincaj.
y S
694
%amaica
35.
1702. KLEINIA. W.
11628 ruderlis Jacq.
11629 porophyllum W.
KLEINIA.
dunghill
perforated
11630 suffruticsa W.
suffruticose
[O]un 11 jn.0
n. DJ un # jn.o
1703. ETHU/LIA. W.
11631 conyzoides W.
Etihuli A.
panicled
spreading
Brazil
Compositar. Sp. 3-7.

[C] un
jl.au
Pa-pu India
LO) un * jl au
Pu
India
y: C un 2 jl.au
Pu
Brazil
1823.
Composite.
ic LA pr2 jl.au
W
1798. D co
11632 divaricata W.
11633 brazilinsis Link.
1704, PIQUE'RIA. W.
11634 trinervia W.
Pique RIA.
three-nerved
[O]un
Compositae.
1 jl.au W
CLAss XIX.
W
Pu
...
Sp. 1-3.
exico
1776. S co
1815. S co
t1705. CHRYSOCOMA. W. Goldy-Locks.

Compositae. Sp. 9-18.
11635 Comarea W.
great-shrubby * u_j or 6 jm.au Y
C. G. H. 1731.
11636 crnua W.
small-shrubby a L or 4 my.s W.
C. G. H. 1712.
11637 ciliris W.
Heath-leaved a u_j or 4 jl.o
W. C. G. H. 1759
11638 scbra W.
rugged
* U or 4 au.s
W.
C. G. H. 1732.
11639 denticulta W.
toothed
* Lu or 4 au.s
Y
......
...
11640 Linosyris W.
German
a or 2 s.o
Y
Europe 1596.
11641 drac{unculoides W. Siberian
A or 2 s.o
Y
Siberia
...
11642 biflra W.
two-flowered EY A or 3 au.s
B
Siberia 1741.
11643 villsa W.
hairy-leaved St A or 1* au.s
Y
Hungary 1799.
1706. TARCHONANTHUS. W. AFRICAN FLEABANE. Compositae. Sp. 1-7.
11644 camphortus W.
shrubby
* Ll or 6 jn.o
Pu C. G. H. 1690.
1707. CA/LEA. J.W.
CALEA.
Compositae. Sp. 13.
11645 jamaicnsis W.
purple-flowered at Dun 3 jn.jl
Pu
. Indies 1739.
1708, ISOCARPHA. R. Br. Isocampha.
Compositae. Sp. 13.
11646 oppositifolia R. Br. opposite-leaved a
un 3 jl.au
W. Indies 1739.
1709. PETRO'BIUM. R. Br. White Wood.
Compositae.
11647 arbreum R. Br.
St. Helena
* D or 12
... Y
11648 lobta R.Br.
St.Helena 1825.
& 1.
Compositae.
6 jn.o
R
Compositae.
* jl.s
W
* 1.
1711. HUMEA. Smt.
HUMEA.
11649 legans Sm.
rose-colored
1712. CAESU/LIA. W.
11650 axillris W.
axillary-flower. x 2\] un
(O) el
1713. IXODIA. H. K.
11651 achillaeoides H. K.
Ixodia.
Milfoil-like
CAEsulia.
Compositae.
* u_j pr2 mr.s
W
*1714. SANTOLI/NA. W. LAvenpea-CoTToN.

Compositae.
11652 Chamae-Cyparissus W. common
*
or 2 jl
Y
11653 squarrsa W.
hoary
*
or 14 jl.au
Y
11654 viridis W.
dark-green
*
or
jl
Y
11655 rosmariniflia W. Rosemary-lvd. a
or 2 jls
Y.
11656 alpina W.
Alpine
A or 1 jl.s
Y
11657 anthemoides W.
Chamomile-lv.
a or
*-jlau
I.Y
11658 crithmiflia W.
Samphire-leav. 2 -a or
il.
Y
Jacq. am. t. 127
Bot. reg. 695

Lam, ill. t. 6.9
D co
Cav. ic. 3. t. 235
C plBot, mag. 1972.

C. p.1 Com.hort-2.t.45
C p.1 Com.hort 2 t8
C. p.1
Dil-elt, t.88.f. 103
C. co Jac.schoe-3t:368
D co
Eng.: bot. 2505
D co
:) co Gmisib:2t.82.f.1
D co
Pl. rar.hu.l. t.53
C plLam, ill. t. 671

C co
Sloja.l. t. 151.f3
S co
Sp. 1.
Halberd-Weed.
Compositae.
common
* Dun 2 jn.jl
Y
1710. NEUROLENA. R. Br.
S co
N. Amer. 1699. S. co Cav ic. 3. t. 2

Brazil
1820. C co Cav. ic. 3. t.357
C co
W. Indies 1733. R s-p Bot mag. 1734

. S. W. 1800. S sp Exot bot. 1. t. 1
Sp. 1-3
# Indies 1804. R. p.l Bot. rep. 431
Sp. 1.
#. Holl.
1803. C s-p Bot. mag. 1534
Sp. 7-16.
S. Europe 1573. C co Lam.ill. t.671.f3

S. Europe 1570 C co
S. Europe 1727. C co
Mor. s.6 t.3 f.17
S. Europe 1683. C. co Exot bot.2 t 62

Italy
Italy
1798. D co
1727.
Barr rar. t. 52
D co
D co
11630
History, Use, Fropagation, Culture,
1702. Kleinia. Named after James Henry Klein, a German botanist, who published, in 1719, a dissertation
upon the Juniper.
1703. Ethulia. A word formed by Linnaeus without any explanation of its meaning. It is not easy to under
stand wherefore Vaillant's more ancient name of Sparganophorus should not have been adopted.
1704. Piqueria...So named by Cavanilles, in honor of Andreas Piquerio, a Spanish botanist, who published
a translation of Hippocrates, in 1757.
1705. Chrysocoma. From #vros, gold, and zewn, hair, in allusion to the tufts of yellow flowers with which
specific name Comaurea is a mere translation of the generic appellation.
Linosyris, the name of another species, is so called from linum, flax, and osyris, an ancient name for, a plant
with long flexible branches and flax-like leaves, which is the character of C. linosyris; which, when handled,
the stems are terminated.
sends forth a very fine aromatic smell.
1706. Tarchonanthus Tarchon is a name given by the Arabian physicians to the Artemisia Dracunculus,
and is the root of our English word Tarragon. As $os signifies flower, and the word thus compounded may
be Englished Tarragon-flower.
707. Calea. Derived from xaxes, beautiful. The species are ornamental shrubs of South America, with
undivided leaves, and corymbose, terminal, or axillary heads of yellowish purple flowers. Mr. Brown's histor/
SYNGENESIA AEQUALIS
ORDER I.
695
11628 Leaves obl. lanc. acute at each end nearly entire

11629 Leaves elliptical blunt mucronate repand with pellucid dots
11630 Leaves linear entire with pellucid dots, Stem suffruticose
11631 Flowers panicled
11632 Leaves linear toothed decurrent, Pedunc. opposite the leaves 1-fl. Stem divaricating
11633 Stem winged, Leaves lanc. acute serrated downy decurrent, Flowers corymbose
11634 Leaves opp. ovate-lanc. serrated 3-nerved, Invol. with 4 flowers
11635 Leaves linear straight smooth decurrent at back
11636 Leaves linear recurved roughish, Flowers cernuous
11637 Leaves linear straight ciliated, Branches pubescent
11638 Leaves lanc. ovate recurved toothletted serrated, Peduncles pubescent
11639 Leaves oblong tapered at base toothletted wavy
11640 Leaves linear glabrous, Involucres lax
11641 Leaves linear-lanceolate 3-nerved scabrous, Flowers corymbose, Invol. lax
11642 Panicled, Leaves lanc. 3-nerved dotted naked
11643 Leaves lanc. villous, Involucres contracted
11644 Leaves oblong entire downy beneath
11645 Flowers about 3 stalked, Leaves ovate-oblong subserrate stalked
11646 Corymbs heaped, Peduncles very long, Leaves lanc. Stem herbaceous
11647 Leaves opp. undivided, Panicle terminal brachiate
11648 Corymbs heaped, Leaves alternate: upper ovate-lanceolate; lower toothed hastate sinuate serrate
11649 Panicles very large erect diffuse capillary
11650 Leaves lanc. narrowed at base serrated alternate
11652 Pedunc. 1-fl. Leaves hoary toothed in 4 rows, Teeth blunt, Branches dowy, Invol. pubescent
11653 Pedunc. 1-fl. Leaves hoary toothed in 4 rows, Teeth subulate much spreading, Branches downy
11654 Pedunc. 1-fl. Leaves smooth toothed in 4 rows, Teeth subulate straight, Branches and invol. smooth
11655 Pedunc. 1-fl. Leaves linear warted at edge: upper entire
11656 Pedunc. 1-fl. Leaves bipinnate, Stems simple
11657 Pedunc. 1-fl. Leaves bipinnate, Stems much branched villous
11658 Like Santolina alpina, but segments of leaves are shorter and thicker

of this
in the twelfth volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society, is a model of botanical
erudition and acuteness, such as has been rarely seen in modern days.
1708. Isocarpha. From ros, equal, and x24%, chaff, in allusion to the equality of the chaff of the receptacle
and the leaves of the involucrum. Herbs of South America, with opposite undivided leaves, and ovate ter
minal heads of whitish flowers.
1709. Petrobium. From rereas, a stone, with reference, it is presumed, to the texture of the grains. A
small tree, native of St Helena, where it is called white wood.
1710. Neurolena.
alternate, undivided,
From waveow, a nerve, and Xaivos, stony. An erect shrub of South America, with
and id: leaves, and terminal compound corymbs of yellow flowers.
1711. Humea. Named in honor of Sir Abraham Hume, Bart of Wormleybury, in Hertfordshire, a gentle
man whose whole life has been devoted to the protection and assistance of the arts and sciences, and especially
of botany. A beautiful plant with immense capillary panicles of brilliant crimson flowers.
1712. Cesulia. Meaning unknown. Little creeping weed-like plants, rooting at the joints.
1713. Irodia. From #23's, viscid. A greenhouse shrub, native of the south coast of New Holland;
flowering most part of the year.

1714. Santolina. Supposed to be a diminutive of sancta; a holy little herb; in allusion to some reputed
Virtues. A genus of slightly shrubby somewhat aromatic plants, with yellow discoid flowers.
Yy 4
696
1715. OTANTHUS. Link. OtaN'rhus.

Sea
*
pr
Santolina maritima L.
1716. CALEACTE. R. Br. CALEActE.
11660 urticiflia R. Br.
nettle-leaved * D or
11659 maritimus Link.
Compositae.
jls
Y
# 1.
Compositae.
jl.au Y
& 1.
CLAss X1X.
ngland seash. C. s.l
Eng. bot. 141
era Cruz 1740. C do
Solidago urticifolia Mill.
#
#
*1717. ATHANA'SIA. W. ATHANAsia.

Compositae.
11-28.
11661 capitta W.
hairy
* L or 1: ja.mr Y
2. G. H. 1774.
11662 pubscens W.
villous-leaved * l J or 6 jn.au Y
C. G. H. 1768.
$11663 annua W.
annual
O un 1 jLau
Y
1686.
11664 dentta W.
tooth-leaved
* L J pr1: jl.au
Y
C. G.
1759.
11665 trifurcta W.
trifid-leaved
* L pr:3 jl.au
Y
C. G. H. 1710.
11666 virgta W.
twiggy
* LJ pr1 jl.au
Y
C. G. H. 1815.
11667 tomentsa W.
Lavender-leav. * u_J pr2 my.jn Y
C. G. H. 1774.
11668 filifrmis Jy.
fine-leaved
* L J pr2 au
Y
C. G. H. 1787.
11669 crithmiflia W.
Samphire-leav. * u_J pr2 jLau
Y
C. G. H. 1723.
11670 parviflra W.
small-flowered a u_J pr2 ap
Y
C. G. H. 1731.
11671 pectinta W.
pectinated
* LI pr1: my.jn Y
C. G. H. 1774.
1718 BALSAMITA. W. CostMary.
Compositae.
4-6,
11672 virgta W.
twiggy
Sy. A un 3 jn.jl
Y.G Italy
1791.
11673 ageratiflia W.
Ageratum-lvd. *u Jun 2 jn.o
Y.G Candia
1605.
11674 vulgris W.
Common
St A or 3 au.s
Y.G Italy
1568.
11675 annua Link.
annual
O un 2 jl.au
Y.G Spain
1629.
1719. PENT/ZIA. Th.
PeNtzia.
Compositae. Sp. 1.
11676 flabellifrmis W.
fan-leaved
* L J or 3 my...au Y
C. G. H. 1774,
C lip Mor. s.6 t.3 f.48

C co
Com. hort-2. t.47
S co Bot mag. 2276

C 1.p Comm. rar. t. 41
C lip Com.hort.2 t 49
C co
C
C
C
C
Jac.schoe.2.t.148
1.p
1.p
I.p Com. hort-2. t.30
l.p Jac.schoe.2.t.149
C co
SUPERFL UA.
14 au
Y
# G. H. 1774.
2 my.s Y
C. G. H. 1751.
1 my.s Y
Levant
1812.
2 jl.au Y
Britain rosid.
2 ji.au
Y
...
2 jl.au Y
Levant 1820.
Compositae. Sp. 5887.
* L or 1* au
Y
vant
1683.
* - or 1 jl.au Y.G Spain
1739.
a or 2 jl.au Ya S. Europe ...
Southernwood reor 4 au.o
Y.G. S. Europe 1548.
1720. TANACETUM, W, TANsy.

Flax-leaved
11678 suffruticsum W. shrubby
11679 argnteum W.
silvery
11680 vulgre W.
Common
8 crispum
curled
11681 angultum W.
angular
1721. ARTEMI/SIA. W. WoRMwood.
11682 judaica W.
Judean
11683 valentina W.
Spanish
11684 subcanscens W.
hoary-leaved
11677 liniflium W.
11685
11686
11687
11688
Abrtanum W.
h(milis W. en.
tenuiflia W.
arborscens W.
dwarf
a L Jun
* u, Jun
Sy. A un
St A cul
St. A cul
St. A un
sk
or
2 au.o
slender-leaved * L-J or 10 s.d

tree
*
or 10 jn.au
silvery
* L or 4 jn.jl
silky
sk a or
jlau
Alpine
:y. A or
jl.au
lofty
*
or
jLau
Caucasian
Sy A or
*jn.jl
Moxa
* LJ m 4 jn.jl
spiked
sy A or 1 jn.jl
comb-leaved
O ft
1 jn.jl
Tansy-leaved Y CD or 1 jl.au
11689 argntea W.
11690 glacilis W.
11691 mutellina W.
11692 prcera W.
11693 caucsica W.
11694 chinnsis Lour.
11695 spicta W.
11606 pectinta W.
11697 tanacetifolia W.
11698 Santnica W.
Tartarian
besom
11699 scopria W.
or
O or
s.n
2 jl.s
Ya
Carniola
YG
Y.G
Y.G
Y.G
Y.G
China
1732.
Levant 1640.
Madeira 1777.
Switzerl. 1739.
Al. of Eur.1815.
...
D co
C. co
Jac.obs. 4. t. 81
Alp. exot. t.326
D co
Sch. han.3. t. 940
S co
Mil.ic.2.t-227.f.1
C plBot, mag. 212
C. p.1
C p.1 Com.hor.2. t. 100
D co
D co
Eng bot. 1229
I) co
D co
Willd.ach.t.2.f3
C co
C co
Plu.alm. t.73. [2
Barr, ic. t. 485
C co
C co
Blackw. t. 555
C co
C
C
C
D
D
co Dill elt. t.33.f37

co Lob.ic. 753
co
co Jac-aus.5.t.ap.35
co Vil.dauph.3t-35
Y.G
S. Europe 1820 C co
Y.G
Y.G
Caucasus 1804. D co
China
1818. C co
Br
Switzerl. 1790. D co Jac.aus.5.tap.34
Br
Br
W.G
W.G.
Dauria
Siberia
Siberia
Hungary
1806.
1768.
1596.
1796.
S
S
C
S
co
co
co.
co
Palit,3, t. Hh.1.2
Al. ped.1.t 10.f.3
Gmel. sib. 2. t.51
Pl, rar. hu.l..t.65
11600
\! %
y
S}
-
7 f
<
1715. Olanthus: From *s arres, an ear, and a $or, a flower, in allusion to the appendages which are placed
on each side of the base of the florets. An infusion of the leaves and stem is said to be employed successfully
in the east in cases of stone and gravel.
1716. Caleacte. So called because it is the ornament of the sea coasts where it grows, and derived from
axxos, beautiful, and axt, the sea shore.
1717. Athanasia. From 2, privative, and Savares, death; that is to say, a plant which does not perish. But
the application of the word, as far as the present genus is concerned, is far from obvious.
1718. Balsamita. Derived from axarxico", balm, in allusion to its strong balsamic smell. Ugly plants of no
merit whatever. B. vulgaris has the English name Costmary, from the Greek Kosiles, an aromatic shrub, and
Mary; the Virgin Mary's costus: from its being put into ale, it has our old English name of Ale-cost. It is
more
aromatic
andNamed
has a pleasanter
smell thanhitansy, to which it is nearly
allied.
1719.
Pentzia.
byy Thumber
D
with
little
yellow fl''
hberg, after his
pupil Charles John Pentz.
A bushy branching hoary shrub,
-
ORDER I.
697
11659 Pedunc. corymbose, Leaves oblong blunt crenated densely woolly

11661 Leaves ovate villous. Heads terminal subsessile
11662 Leaves obov. lanc. blunt villous, Umbels terminal,
Branches willous
11663 Corymbs simple contracted, Leaves pinnatifid toothed
11604 Corymbs compound, Leaves recurved: lower linear toothed; upper ovate serrate
11665 Leaves cuneiform cut-trifid, Flowers in umbels
11666 Leaves cuneiform: lower pinnatifid cut: upper 3 or 5-toothed, Flowers in umbels
11667 Leaves linear tomentose, Panicle compound
11668 Leaves linear filiform smooth, Flowers panicled
11669 Leaves trifid with linear smooth segments, Flowers somewhat in umbels
11670 Leaves pinnated: pinnae linear smooth, Panicle decompound
11671 Leaves pinnated: pinnae linear smooth, Panicle compound
11672 Stem herbaceous branched at base, Branches 1-fl. Leaves sessile lanc. serrated
11673 Leaves obovate serrated sessile clustered, Flowers subcorymbose
11674 Leaves ellipt. toothed: lower stalked; upper sessile auricled at base, Flowers corymbose
11675 Radical leaves bipinnate: cauline many pinnated downy; pinnae linear acute mucronate
11076 Corymbs simple, Leaves deltoid serrated at end

SUPERFL UA.
11677 Leaves lanceolate channelled, Racemeterminal fastigiate
11678 Leaves pinnated: pinnae linear toothed pubescent, Corymb fastigiate leafy at base
11679 Leaves pinnated silky with down, Pinnae lanc. somewhat toothed at end, Corymb terminal
11680 Leaves bipinnatifid inciso-serrate
11681 Leaves pinnatifid: segm, lanceolate serrated, Corymb contracted, Invol. angular
11682 Leaves obovate blunt lobed small, Flowers panicled stalked
11683 Leaves hoary: lower pinnated with palmate pinnae; upper palmate sessile, Headspanicled simple
11684 Cauline leaves pinnated smoothish: floral undivided linear, Panicle virgate, Heads glob. stalked nodding
11685 Stem upright, Lower leaves bipinnate: upper pinnated Invol. downy hemispherical
11686 Caul. Ivs. pinnat very smooth: floral undivided setaceous, Involucres downy, Heads glob. stalk nodding
11687 Stem upright, Leaves bipinnate capillary: floral simple, Invol. oblon
11628 Leaves tripinnatifid silky cinereous, Leaflets linear, Heads globose, Flowers branched simple
11689 Leaves bipinnatifid silky white, Leaflets lanc. linear, Heads globose, Flowers branched virgate
11600 Stem quite simple, Leaves all palmate multifid white, Heads terminal clustered
11691 Stem quite simple, Leaves all palmate multifid white, Lower heads stalked: upper sessile
11692 Stem branched spreading, Leaves all bipinnate capillary, Invol. smooth hemispherical
11693 Stem quite simple, Leaves all palmate multifid silky acute
11694 Leaves hoary: lower cuneiform obtuse 3-lobed; upper linear blunt, Flowers globose stalked cernuous
11605 Stem quitesimple, Leaves hoary: radical palmate multifid, caul, pinnatifid, ": linear entire blunt
11696 Stem quite simple, Leaves pectinate pinnatifid glabrous, Pinnae linear filiform, Pedunc, 1-fl. axillary
11697 Stem quitesimple, Lvs. bipinnatifid subpub beneath: lin, lanc. acum, entire, Racemenaked term.
-
11698 Cauline leaves pinnated linear smooth, Branches undivided, Spikes 1-sided reflexed
11699 Cauline leaves pinnated setaceous smooth: radic. pinnated multifid silky, Stem erect, Branches divided
*~ 11678
--gene."
11682
11683
1%
11697.23%
1790. Tanacetum. An alteration of Athanasia, which see. Tanaisie, Fr., Tansy, Eng., Reinfahren, Ger.
The common Tansy has a strong aromatic smell, and an extremely bitter taste. It is stimulant and carmina
five; and its seeds are reckoned anthelmintic and sudorific. It is said to drive bugs away from a bed in which
it is laid. A distilled water and a kind of stomachic bitter are prepared from it. The young leaves are
shredded down and employed to give color and flavor to puddings;

an: those of the ''variety for garnishing.
they are also used in omelets and cakes,
1721. Artemisia.. Artemis was one of the names of Diana, the goddess of chastity. The plant is said to have
named after this goddess, on account of the purposes to which it was applied in bringing on precocious
Puberty. Pliny, however, informs us, that in his time, there was an opinion that the plant was named after
Artemisia, the Queen of Mausolus, King of caria.

A.Abrotanum, Santonica, maritima, and Absinthium, are included in the Materia Medica, but, according to
Dr. Thomson, the latter species is the only one deserving to be retained. It is tonic, antispasmodic, and anthel
"ntic; and when externally applied, is discutient and antiseptic. It has been used with advantage in inter
SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
698
A w
LJor
few-flowered St A or
marsh
O or
neglected
St A or
Samphire-leav. *
or
field
African
11700 campstris W.
11701 afra Jacq.
11702 pauciflora W.
11703 palustris W.
11704 neglcta W. cn.
11705 crithmifolia W.
11706 saxatilis W.
rock
3. A or
11707 glauca W.
11708 monogyna W.
glaucous
one-styled
11709 laciniata W.
torn
Sr. A or
St A or
sy A or
11710 palmata ty.
palmated
* Ll or
117: 1 nivea IV, en.

11712 maritima W.
snowy
Sy A or
drooping-flow.
A or
A or
Lavender-leav. ' A or
11713 gllica W.
11714 fragrams W.
11715 albida W.
11716 austriaca W.
11717 vallesiaca W.
11718 salina W.
whitened
Austrian
A or
A or
A or
downy
St
nodding-flower.Y.
silky-leaved
creeping
nodding
rock
3.
A or
A or
A or
11724 pontica W.
A
A
A
A
11727 camphorta W.
Camphorated
St AJ or
O or
a
or
11728 tarica W.
11729 binnis Ph.
Taurian
biennial
salt
2.1719 rupstris W.
11720 sericea W.
11721 rpens py.
11722 nuitans W.
11723 saxatilis W.
Gmel. sib-2. t.55
Siberia
1806.
Plrar.hu.1.t.T0
Gmel.sib.2.t-57
Hungary 1816.
Siberia
S. Europe 1739.
Siberia
1815.
Br
Britain
Br
L.Y
L.Y
Br
L.Y
W.G.
Britain mud.s.
Armenia 1739.
seash.
Eng. bot. 1706

Eng. bot. 1001
Austria 1597.
Italy
1739.
Hungary 1823.
Jac.aust.1.t.100
Br
Siberia
1748.
W
Br
Siberia
Siberia
1796.
1805.
Flor dan. t. 801

Gmelsib.t.64.f.1
jm.jl
Bra Tartary
Jac. aust. 1. t. 99
1: jl.au
4 jl.au
5 jl.au
* jLau
2 jl.au
1: jls
2 jlau
2 jlau
PBr
W.G
W.G
W.G.
Y.G
S. Europe 1739.
Siberia
1741.
Italy
1825.
Tauria
1818.
Missouri 1804.
Vil.dauph.3.t:35
Britain
# -AJ
A w.
or
$ A or
3 au.s
3 s.o
Pu
Y.G.
1823.
Britain rubble.
E. Indies 1796.
2 jl.au
Japanese
St A or
3 on
bluish
inodorous
11 au.o
2 jLau
2 jl.au
Y.G
W
Y
Y.G
W.G.
Siberia
1759.
Japan
1804.
England seash.
Siberia
1548.
S. Europe 1548.
Mugwort
11734 indica W.
Indian
entire-leaved
# O)
A or
or
St A or
St CD or
A or
or
# A or
Tarragon
A cul
*1722. GNAPHA'LIUM. W. EveRLASTING.
11740 crispum W.
curled
* L-J el
11741 a'm JV.
tree
*-i-Jel
11742 grandiflrum W.
great-flowered n. L-J el
11743 divarictum Thunb. spreading
* - el
brown
rt-u jel
11744 tephrdes Link.
11745 acumintum Lin. acuminate
* L-Jel
11746 lasiocamlon Link.
woolly-stemm. a. Ll el
11747 congstum W.
close-headed in L pr
spreading
* - or
11748 ptulum W.
11749 discolrum W.
two-colored
*- L-J or
11750 cephaltes W.
large-headed n-u-J or
close-flowered in LJ or
11751 fastigitum W.
11752 milleflrum W.
many-flowered n-u- or
11753 diosmaeflium P.S. Diosma-leaved *-L or
11754 ericoides W.
Heath-leaved ta. LJ or
11755 teretifolium W.
round-leaved ti-u- or
11756 Stae'chas W.
comm.-shruhby-n
or
au.s
G.sib2 t 52 f1.2
Siberia
1815.
Portugal 1739.
Hungary 1816.
1570.
11733 vulgris W.
52
2 au.s
1 jn.jl
3 jn.jl
1* au.o
1 jl.au
14.jl.au
14 au
11.jn.jl
1 jnjl
G.Y.
Br
W
G
Y
G
G.Y.
G.Y.
...
1800.
1804.
Austria
Sievers's
fascicled
W.G. C. G. H.
Y
Siberia
Y
Siberia
Eng. bot. 338
Common
seat
au
aul
2 jlau
2 jl.au
1 au.o
2 jn.au
1}jn.au
2 jn.au
2 jlau
1 jn.jl
2 jn.jl
CLAss XIX.
England san.fi.
Br.G Hungary
11730 Absinthium W.
**
Br
3 s
11731 Sieversiana W.
11732 fasciculta Bieb.
11737 caerulscens W.
11738 inodra W. en.
11739 Dracunculus W.
au
3 jn.jl
Roman
11725 chamae'meliflia W. Chamomile-lv.
11726 annua //
annual
11736 japnica W.
or
or
or
or
--
11700
C. G. H. 1809.
C. G. H. 1770.
W.
W
Y.w
W.
W.
Pu
W
Br
Pk
W.
Papu
W.
Pk
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
H.
H.
H.
H.
H.
H.
H.
H.
H.
H.
H.
H.
H.
1731.
1820.
1823.
1823.
1823.
1791.
1771.
1815.
1789.
1812.
1802.
1812.
1774.
1 mr.au Br
C. G. H.
1812.
2 jn.o
Europe
1629.
Eng. bot 978

Rhemal10. t.45
G.sib2.t.68.fl.2
Eng.bot. 2426
G.si.2.t59.60.fl.
Sp. 38-106.
Pk
W.
Bot. mag.2472
Eng. bot. 1230
1800.
8.p
s.p
s-p
s-p
s.p
s-p
s-p
sp
8.p
CO
co
Co
Bot rep. 489
Bre-prodt.18 f3
Bot reg. 243

Bur, afr. t. 97 f.4
Plu.phy t.310 fg
Pet-gaz.12.t.7.f.3
s.p
Co
Went.malm.t.T4
8.p
Bot mag. 435
Co
CO
Bur, afr.t.77.f3
Barr.ic.410
11702,
J. *
Compositae.
Am.ru.t.196.f33
rubble.
Br.G. Siberia
Y. Pu Iberia
6
6 fau
3 jn.au
3 jn.au
3 jn.au
3 jn.au
3 jn.au
3 my.jn
3 ja.au
3 my.au
4 jan
3 my...au
1 jn's
14 mr.au
14 mr.au
...
1/
|->
\.
mittents, gout, scurvy, and dropsy; and although modern practitioners will scarcely rely on its efficacy in
these complaints, yet it is undoubtedly of some value as a stomachic. (London Dispen. p. 182.) The seed of
Wormw
is used by the rectifiers of British spirits, and the species is a good deal cultivated on dry soil near
-
Mitcham, in Surrey, for that purpose. A. vulgaris is used in some parts of Sweden instead of hops, in order
to increase the inebriating quality of malt liquor. The plant is readily eaten by cattle and sheep, and is found
in our best natural pastures on dry soils.
It is said to be stomachic and slightly stimulating.
The species called Abrotanum, Garde-robe, Fr., derives its name from a privative, and <teres, mortal; on
account of the great virtues attributed to it as a preservative of life; Absinthium, from *, privative, and
****, pleasure, i.e. unpleasant.
Tarragon,
Eng, Estragon,
Fr.,'may
Dragon
soDracunculus,
called on account
#.
:which
ag
Ger., and Dragoncelia, Ital. is said to have been
be likened to the sinuous tail of a dragon: but it is much
-
ORDER II.
699
11700 Caul. Ivs. pinnated setac, smooth: radic. pinnated with 3-fid hoary
-Stem procumb. branched virgate

11.01 Leaves bipinnatifid downy beneath: segm, lanceolate blunt, Panic. I-sided, nodding
11702 Cauline leaves pinnated or trifid filiform pubescent, Stem ascending somewhat divided
11703 Cauline leaves pinnated smooth: pinnae
remote very long, Heads globose erect sessile
11704 Cauline vs. #:

pinnated smooth
smooth:somewhat
lower andfleshy:
radic. pinnae
3-partite
multifid, stem panic erect, Peduncles nodding
simple or bifid lin, blunt, Heads obli stalked erect
11705 Cauline Ivs.
11705 Cauline Ivs hoary pinnated linear filiform, floral undivided filiform, Heads roundish angular nodding
11707 Leaves glaucous downy: lower pinnated, Pinnae linear-lanceolate, Head: globose stalked nodding
11708 Leaves multipartite hoary, Racemes erect 1-sided, Heads erect about 5-fl. Only one female floretor none
11709 Leaves pilose triply-pinnatifid, Stem simple with a leafless panicle, Heads globose nodding
11710 Leaves simply pinnate with some of the segments bifid subpalmate, Head, erect
11711 Leaves hoary-silky: lower pinnated, Stem nearly erect much branched, Heads sessile ovate
11712 Leaves downy pinnated: the uppermost undivided, Racemes drooping, Recept naked, Flow-oblsessile
11713 Leaves downy pinnate: the uppermost undivided, Racemes drooping, Recept naked, Flowers obl sessile
11714 Leaves hoary: radical bipinnate, Pinnae close linear blunt: of the branches pinnated sessile
11715 Leaves pinnated white with down Fascicles of flowers bracteate, Heads down
11716 Leaves hoary: lower pinnated; pinnae linear 3-parted, Heads stalked nodding
11717 Leaves snow-white: cauline bipinnate linear filiform; floral simple, Heads obl sessile erect
11718. Leaves hoary: radical
pinnae 3-parted linear-filiform, Heads obl. stalked nodding
11719 Leaves subpubescent: cauline pinnated ; pinnae linear acute, Heads globose stalked nodding
11720 Leaves silky: cauline pinnate; pinnae 3-parted linear runcinate, Heads globose nodding
11721 Leaves silky white, Pinnae 3-parted linear acute, Heads roundish stalked cernuous
11722 Cauline leaves pinnated or trifid linear, Stem erect panicled, Branchlets nodding 1-sided
11723 Cauline Ivs. hoary pinnated linear-filiform, Stem ascending branched panicled, invol. roundish angular
11724 Leaves downy beneath: cauline bipinnate, Leaflets linear, Heads roundish stalked nodding
11725 Leaves smooth: lower tripinnate; upper bipinnate, Leaflets linear acute, Heads globose stalked nodding
11725 Leaves smooth triply pinnatifid, Stem straight, Heads roundish subsessile erect
11727 Cauline leaves pinnated hoary white: pinnae trifid linear, Stem erect, invol. hoary, Heads globose
11728 Leaves hoary: lower bipinnate, Pinnae linear-filiform, Heads oblong sessile
11729 Leaves smooth ; radic triply pinnate; upper undivided linear, Heads roundish subsessile erect
117:0 Lvs. bi-tripinnatif clothed with shortsilky down, Segments lanc. Heads hemispheric droop. Recept hairy
11731 Lvs. somewhat hoary: caul bipinnatifid, floral trifid or lanc. Heads globose stalked nodding, Inv. scarious
11732 Lvs. downy: lower decompound; upper simple, Panicle corymbose, Heads fascicled ovate hoa
11733 Leaves pinnatifid: their segm, cut downy beneath, Heads somewhat racemed ovate, Recept naked
11734 Leaves downy beneath: caul, pinnatifid, floral undivided linear, Heads sessile obl, erect, invol. smooth
11735 Leaves lanc. acuminate downy beneath somewhat toothed, Heads ovate subsessile erect
11736 Leaves smooth lanc. acute: cauline trifid at end, Heads roundish stalked nodding
11737 Leaves hoary lanceolate entire: radical cut; floral oblong stalked nodding
11738 Lvs. smooth lanc narrowed at each end, Heads roundish stalked erect, Scales of invol. membr. at edge
11739 Leaves smooth lanceolate narrowed at each end, Heads roundish stalked erect
11740 Leaves downy beneath scabrous above: radical stalked oblong; cauline amplexicaul. wavy
11741 Leaves sessile linear smooth above revolute at edge, Heads capitate, Pedunc. long
11742 Leaves amplexicaul, ovate oblong 3-nerved woolly above, Corymb. stalked, invol. cylindrical
11743 Leaves amplexicaul. panduriform spatulate blunt downy,

and branches divaricating
11744 Branches downy, Lvs. linear revolute at edge smooth above downy beneath, Leaves of invol. lanc. acute
11745 Branches pubesc, Lvs. lanc. lin. acumin, smooth above finely downy beneath, Heads corymb. cylindrical
11746 Tomentose, Leaves linear acute curved, Heads in capitate stalked corymbs
11747 Leaves lanc. sessile 3-nerved naked above woolly beneath, Corymb contracted-capitate
11748 Leaves amplexicaul. spatulate downy acute, Corymb. term. Branches spreading
11749
11750
11751
11752
11753
11754
11755
11756
Leaves sessile lanc. Involucres white: lower scales brown

Leaves lin.-lanc. mucronate revolute at edge downy beneath, Heads sessile capitate terminal
Leaves lanc. mucronate revolute at edge downy beneath, Heads corymbose
Leaves obl. blunt downy, Corymbs fastigiate, Heads cylindrical
Leaves lin. spreading recurved scabrous above, Corymb. dense, Invol. cinereous at base
Leaves sessile linear, Outer involucre rough: inner flesh-colored
Leaves clustered roundish, Corymbs branched, Involucres downy outside
Leaves linear, Corymb compound, Branches virgate
2.11735
11738
.. ==
*
" *
W.
*:
*~
2
'*
-
SS
&#
W*:
%# ... : :
*.
& %
'. '%
*:
T
e.
**.
, a."
*
\\
Sr.
\(, , \!/NAs. S
.
|
X
*
*
2
**C.
(
\\
N//
SW2%
\ la
~\|
A.
**
N \}/AW-k
lf -
#
T# \
N/
11704
11756 TF/-
5-
&
11747 |
and Miscellandows Particulars.
more probable that the word is a corruption of Tarchon, the Arabic name of the plant. See Tarchonanthus:
The leaves and points of the shoots are used as an ingredient in pickles. A simple infusion of the plant
in vinegar makes a pleasant fish sauce; it is eaten along with beef steaks, as horse-radish is with roast beef;
and is employed, both in Europe and Persia, to correct the coldness of salad herbs, and season soups and other
compositions. the plant is of the easiest culture, but, like other species of the genus, dislikes a wet soil.
From the acrid leaves of A. chinensis the drug called Moxa is obtained; a substance much in use among
the Chinese as an actual cautery. For this purpose, the Moxa is laid upon the part affected and set on fire.
The Cochin Chinese, and also the Japanese, according to Kaempfer, use Artemisia vulgaris for the same pur
pose, and it is said with great success, in removing tumours and rheumatic pains, or slight convulsions.
1792. Gnaphalium. A word under which Dioscorides describes a plant with soft white leaves, which served
the purpose of cotton. It agrees pretty well with the modern genus, which consists of very pretty, sometimes
Too
11757 ignscens W.
11758 crassiflium W.
11759 maritimum W.
red-flowered
thick-leaved
Sea
ri. L. or
ri. u_j or
... re-
or
2 Jn.o
1 jl.s
4 jm.au
4 jn.au
13 ap.au
ap.au
jn.jl
1 jl.s
11760 dasynthum W. en. hairy-flowered ri. u_0 or

eastern
x L. or
11761 orientle W.
branching
y: L-J or
11762 cymsum W.
11763 ratilans W.
shining-flower, a law or
sand
St A or
11764 arenrium W.
11765 angustiflium Pers. narrow-leaved E-J or 2 jl.s
11766 lteo-album W.
Jersey
O or 2
...
11767 albscens W.
white Jamaica n-D or 2
11768 apicultum Lab.
New Holland y: Lajor 14.ja.d
11769 odoratissimum W. sweet-scented ri. L. ft
2 ap.au
11770 sanguineum W.
bloody
SY A or 14 my.jl
11771 candidissimum W. hoary
St A or 2 my.jl
11772 foetidum JV.
strong-scented y: Oil or 2 jn.s
11773 helianthemiflium W. Sun-rose-lvd. n u_j or 1 jlo
# jl.o
squarrose
ti-u Jor
$11774 squarrsum W.
11775 purpareum W.
purple-flower'd y: O or 1} jn.s
* jl.s
$11776 declintum W.
creeping
y LJ or
$11777 glomertum W.
cluster-flower. to LA or 3 mrs
R
Y
W.Y
Y
Y
Y
R.Y
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
Afri
Africa
C. G. H.
CLAss XIX.
1731.
1771.
1772.
1812.
1629.
1731.
1731.
Bur afr.t. 77. f*

Com. hort. 2..t-55
Dil el.t-107.f. 128
Dil. elt-107.f.127
Y
Europe 1739.
Y
Naples
Y.w England san.pl.
W.Y Jamaica 17
W. Di. Isl. 1804.
Y
C. G. H. 1601.
Y
Egypt
1768.
Cr
Bot. mag. 21.59

Barr. ic. 1125
Pa.Y Caspian
Eng. bot 1002

Bot reg. 240
Milic.l. t. 131.f2
Rauw.it.285.t.37
1823.
L.Y
W
Pu
Pu
Br
Bot mag. 1987

Volck.norit. 194
Jac. frag. t. 3, f4
Dilelt.109. f. 133
Pa.Y
1723. LEONTOPODIUM. R. Br. Lion's-Foot.

Connnnon
Austria 1776. S p.l
11778 vulgre R. Br.
#jn.jl
Y
3. A cu
1-3.
Evax.
1724. E'VAX. Lam.
Compositae.
pygmy.
O un *jl.au
11779 pygmaea Lam.
S. Europe 1629. C Co
Br
t1725. ANTENNA"RIA. R.Br. ANTENNARIA.
8-11?
Compositae.
W
11780 contrta B. R.
twisted-leaved y: A pr 2 ji
Wepal
1821.
W
11781 triplinrvis B. M. three-nerved to AJ pr * au
Nepal
1823.
11782 dioica R. Br.
dioecious
St. A pr
Britain
+ my.jl Pk
Al. of Eur.1775.
11783 alpina R.Br.
Alpine
SY. A pr
jn.jl
Pk
Virginia 1759.
11784 plantaginea R.Br. Plantain-leav'd SY. A pr
jnjl
W
11785 margaritacea R.Br. pearly
Y
England mea.
A pr 1: jl.s
11786 undulta R.Br.
wave-leaved
O pr 1 jn.s
W
Africa
1732.
O pr 1 jls
W
N. Amer. 1699.
11787 obtusiflia R.Br. blunt-leaved
1.
1726. METALA*S1A. R. Br. METALASIA.
Sp.
Compositae.
C. G. H. 1825.
Y
11788 seriphioides R. Br. Seriphium-like re. L pr 3
p.
1727. ASTEL"M.A. R. Br. ASTELMA.
Composite. Sp. 27 ?
11789 eximium R. Br.
. H. 1793.
giant
*-u spl 3 jl.au Cr .
11790 frticans R. Br.
H. 1779.
shrubby
ti-L-J or 3 jm.au Y
1728. ATHRIX/IA. Ker. Athaixi.A.
Composite.
1821
R
11791 capnsis Ker.
Cape
* Ll or 3 ap
1729, XERANTHEMUM. W. XehantheMuM.
Composite.
annual
O or 3
11792 annuum W.
Pu
surope
1570.
small-flowered
O or 2 jl.au
11793 inaprtum W.
S. Europe 1620.
Pu
CO
11794 orientle W.
nt
1713.
oriental
O or 2 jl.au
W
f*1730. ELICHRY'SUM. W. ELIcHRYSUM.
Composite.
1774.
W
$11795 vestitum W.
upright
ri-L or 2 jls
1801.
w
11796 spirle. W.
spiral-leaved in u_j or 2 jl.o
1820.
W
11797 imbrictum W.
imbricated
*... u_J or 2 jl.o
1810.
$11798 spectbile Lodd.
showy
*... u_J or 3 myjn Pk
1691.
W
11799 speciosissimum W. showy
*-u_j el 8 jls
1812.
11800 dealbtum P. S.
herbaceous
y: LA or 1* ja.d
W
1774.
Y
11801 falgidum W.
great-yellow re. u_j el 2 fo
Bot mag. 1958
Cav. ic. 1. t. 36
Bot reg. 605

Bot mag. 2468
Eng. bot. 267
Flor. dan. t. 332
Plu.alm.t.348.fe
Eng: bot 2018

Dillel.t.10S.f.130
Dil.el.t.108.f.131
:##
Bot. reg. 532

Bot. reg. 726
Bot reg. 681
#:
i|
Jac. aust.4, t.388

Moris.s.6.t.12.f.1
Bur, afr t. 66 f1
Bot rep. 262
Pet gaz. t. 5.f.10
Bot cab. 59
Bot rep. 51
Lano.ho.2 t 190
Bot. mag. 414
11762
beautiful woolly leaved shrubs or herbs, all of the description called Everlasting, on account of the permanence
of the colors and form of their dry flowers.
1723. Leontopodium. From xia, a lion, and rus, a foot.
The soft tufted silky heads have been compared
to the foot of such an animal as a lion.

1724. Evar. A name, the meaning of
which has not been explained. A little white annual weed.

1725. Antennaria. In allusion to the awns of the pappus, which resemble the antenna of some insect. A
#'
founded upon the Gnaphalium margaritaceum of '' It consists of herbaceous plants, natives of
uro
and North America, having the male and female flowers in distinct involucra, and on different
1726. Metalasia. Apparently so called from usra Aavra, to change or alter: but the application of the
individuals.
name is not evident.
ORDER II.
---
--
7on
# Leaves sublanc. downy sessile,
Corymbs altern. round, Heads globose

38 Leaves broad-lanc, somewhat stalked coriaceous dowmy, Corymb compound, Stem proliferous
Much branched, Leaves lanc. acutish sessile, Inner scales of invol. yellow
Leaves lanc. acute 3-nerved at base wavy pilose: beneath tomentose, Corymb contracted bracteate
11761 Leaves lin, lanc. hoary: radical blunt; cauline acute, Corymb compound, Pedunc. long
11762 Leaves lanc. 3-nerved smooth above, Raceme terminal, Stem branched below
*:
11759
11760
11763 Leaves lanc. Corymb decompound, Stem branched below
11764 Leaves hoary downy blunt: radical spatulate lanc.; cauline lin-lanc. Corymb compound
11765 Leaves linear long narrow
replicate at edge, Corymb compound umbellate
11766 Leaves half amplexicaul, linear-fanc subrepand downy on each side: lower blunt, Corymb clustered
11767. White with down, Lvs. lin.-lanc. undivided below,
clustered conical
11768 Leaves subspatulate downy naked at end membranous or subulate, Flowers panicled
11769 Leaves decurrent blunt mucronate downy on each side flat
11770 Leaves decurrent lanc. downy flat with a naked point

11771 Leaves white silky-downy linear-lanc. acute, Corymb compound
11772 Leaves amplexicaul. entire acute downy beneath, Stem branched
11773 Leaves subamplexicaul. lanc. Corymbs compound, Scales of invol. plaited

11774 Leaves sessile lingulate very downy, Inner scales of invol. subulate recurved
11775 Leaves lin. spatulate downy beneath, Stem erect simple, Heads sessile terminal and axillary
11776 Leaves lin. Ianc. Invol. with white lanceolate rays
11777 Stem herbaceous diffuse, Lower scales of invol. subulate naked, Leaves subamplexicaul.
11778 Head terminal enveloped in woolly bractea'
11779 Stem branched at base, Bractes obovate
11780 Leaves lin. mucronulate reflexed, Corymbs few-flowered simple or proliferous, Scales of invol blunt
11781 Stem erect simple, Lvs. ellipt. mucronate amplexicaul. 3-nerved
[elongated obtuse colored
11782 Shoots procumb. Stems simp. Corymbs crowded, Rad. Ivs. spatulate, Fldioecious, Inner scales of invol
11783 Stem simple, Rad. leaves lanc.: floral terminal aggregate sessile, inner scales of invol. long
11784 Runners procumb. Rad. Ivs. ov. nerved, Corymb contracted, Fl. dioecious, Inner scales of invol. long blunt
11785 Leaves lin. lanc. acuminate alternate, Stem branched upwards, Corymb fastigiate
11786 Leaves decurrent lanc. acute wavy downy beneath, Stem branched
11787 Leaves lin. lanc. acutish : smooth above; pubescent beneath, Corymbs terminal contracted
11788 Leaves small fascicled lin. subulate downy above, Flowers lateral
11789 Leaves sessile ovate close erect downy, Corymb sessile
11790 Leaves amplexicaul. ovate-oblong 3-nerved acute woolly beneath on each side
11792 Scales of invol. blunt scariose: the inner ones of the ray lanc. blunt spreading
11793 Scales of invol. acute membranous at edge: the inner ones of the ray lanc. acute conniving
11794 Scales of invol. roundish scarious: the inner ones of the ray ovate acuminate erect
1795
1 96
l 97
l 98
I799
l800
Leaves sess. lanc. linear woolly acute: floral with a membrane at end, Branches 1-flowered
Leaves sess. lanc. downy keeled spirally imbricated, Branches 1-flowered
Leaves obl.-lanc. silky imbricated, Branches 1-flowered, Peduncles squarrose
Leaves linear subulate erect imbricated, Peduncle scaly 1-flowered
Leaves sessile lanc. obovate acute 3-nerved woolly, Branches 1-flowered
Leaves lanc. white beneath silky recurved-spreading, Branches 1-fl. Peduncles nearly naked
1801 Leaves amplexicaul. ovate lanc. downy beneath tomentose at edge, Branches 3-flowered
11788
11795
11792
1727. Astelma. From a, privative, and sexua, a crown, in allusion to the construction of the fruit. Beau
tiful Cape shrubs with everlasting flowers.
1728. Athrizia. So called by Mr. Ker, we presume from a, without, and 9:13, hair, in allusion to the
absence of hairs upon the receptacle and the stigmas of the ray. A pretty greenhouse shrub, with narrow
lanceolate leaves, and bright crimson solitary heads of flowers.
-
1729. Xeranthemum. From nges, dry, and a 32, a flower, on account of the dry nature of the leaves of
the calyx, which retain their color and form for years. The species are popular annual flowers, of easy culture
in light rich soil. They are valued for their properties of retaining their texture and color, when gathered and
dried, in the manner of Gnaphalium, Elichrysum, and other genera of what are vulgarly called everlastings.
1730. Elichrysum, . From *.xles, the sun, and xevros, gold, in allusion to the brilliant yellow color of the flowers.
The species are much admired for the brilliancy of their flowers even in a dried state. , E. bracteatum is the
handsomest annual species, and should be raised on a hotbed, and afterwards transplanted into a warm situation
Class XIX.
702
large globul.-fl. n. L-J or

proliferous
* L or
elegant
ti. L. or
silvery
rt. LJ or
trailing
* L or
superb
n. LJ or
bundle-leaved re. L or
white-flowered ri. LJ or
red-flowered B. LJ or
rigid-leaved
n. L-J or
filiform
*... u_j or
Staehelina-like n u_j or
fragrant
rt. u_j ft
shining-flower. y: LA el
11802 variegtum W.
$11803 proliferum W.
11804 canscens W.
11805 argnteum W.
11806 retrtum W.
11807 sesamoides W.
11808 fascicultum W.
g album
7 rbrum
11809 rigidum H. K.
$11810 ericoides P. S.
11811 Staehelina W.
11812 frgrans B. R.
11813 herbceum B. R.
2 myjn Brw C. G. H. 1801.

2 my..n Cr
C. G. H. 1789.
1} apiau Pu
apjl
1 jl.au
2 apjn
W.
C. G. H. 1800.
W.
C. G. H. 1732.
Pu.w C. G. H. 1739.
2 mr.s
2 mr.s
2 mr.s
W.
W.
Pu
1} myjn W.
ap.jn W.
# jaid
W.
''
jl
* jl.s
Pk
Y
::
C. G. H. 1794.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
1799.
1799.
1799.
;|
s.p
C. G. H. 1801.
C. G. H. 1796.
C. G. H. 1801.
Fot rep. 38.

Bot reg. 21
Bot. mag. 420
Bot reg. 552
Dil, elt 322.f415
Bot,
Bot
Bot
Bot.
Bot
mag. 425
rep. 242
rep. 279
rep. 650
rep. 387
Lam, ill.t.09&f:
Bot. rep. 428

Bot rep. 561
Bot rep. 487
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
1803.
1802.
C. G. H.
N. Holl
1800.
1799.
Bur, afr.t. 67 fl
1739.
1768.
Jac. aust 3.t.204

Osb. it. t. 10
splndens B. M. 1773.
11814 panicultum W.
11815 bractetum W.
1731. CARPESIUM.
11816 crnuum W.
11817 abrotanoides W.
*1732. BAC'CHARIS.
11818 angustiflia Ph.
11819 ivaefolia W.
$11820 neriiflja W.
corymb-flower. H. u_j or
wave-leaved n. O or
W. CarpesiuM.
drooping
S. A un
Southernw.-like: A un
W. Plow MAN's SpikeNARD.
narrow-leaved * L J pr
Peruvian
* LJ pr
Oleander-leav. *t pr
Groundsel Treesk
adnate
*
11821 halimifolia W.
11822 adnta W en.
11823 Dioscridis W.
or
2 jn.s
W.
4 jl.o
Y
Composite.
2 jl.au Y
2 jlau Y
Compositae.
2 jus
W.
3 jl.au - W
2
4
6
4
au.n
on
au.n
au.n
W
W.
Pu
W
D un
Dioscorides's a u_j or
1733. MOL1'NA. F. per. Molina.
Compositae.
...
11824 parviflra F. per. small-flowered a LJ un 6
1734. CONY"ZA. W.
11825 squarrsa W.
11826 marylndica Ph
FleA-BANE.
Sy Ow
aryland
O un
axillary
[O]un
11828 camphorta Ph.
Camphor-scent.x: Lajun
spreading
O un
11829 ptula W.
11830 balsamifera W.
balsam-bearing [Z\] un
11831 bifrons Jy.
oval-leaved
St. A un
fastigiate
[O]un
11832 fastigita W.
il833 candida W.
woolly
* un
Chinese
* Dun
1!834 chinnsis W.
verbasciflia W.
Mullein-leaved at LJ un
1836 aurita
chilnsisW.S.preng
Chill
O un
11837
auricled
[O]un
11838 hirstita W.
shaggy
y: Q]un
11839 aegyptiaca W.
Egyptian
[O, un
11840 Gouni W.
Gouan's
y: IO) un
11841 amoe'na Link.
agreeable
[O]un
11842 sicula W.
red-stalked
O un
11843 foe/tida W.
stinking
y: LAJun
11844 srdida J.P.
small-flowered a l-Jun
11845 saxtilis W.
stone
* u_j un
rock
* LJ un
11846 rupstris W.
11847 sericea W.
snowy
* LJ un
11848 inuloides W.
cluster-flower. * U-jun
11849 odorta JV.
sweet-scented a D. ft
glomerate
TX] un
11850 glomerta Link.
spatulate
y: [Z\] un
11851 spatulta Link.
tree
* D un
11852 arborscens Jy.
11853 incisa Jy.
ear-leaved
* L-J un
Thapsus-leav'd sh
un
11854 thapsoides W.
11855 virgta W.
wing-stalked ye ua un
11856 geminiflra Tenore twin-flowered a U un
11827 axillris W.
China
Sp. 6-43.
N. Amer. 1812.
America 1696.
C. G. H. 1752.
N. Amer. 1683.
S. Amer. 1823.
Levant
-
Sp. 137.
S. Amer. 1824.
34-62.
#:":Pu
N. Amer.
1* au.o
3. aulo
1: jl.s
2 jl.s
1
'tria
Compositae.
2
1 au.o
au.s
ritain
Pu
Senegal
Y
Candia
Y. Pu China
1
...
3 au.o
1 au.o
2 au.s
Y
Sicily
Y
Chili
W
E Indies
Y. Pu China
Y
Egypt
Y
Canaries
Pu
Congo
Sicily
1714.
1796.
1808.
1816.
1818.
1767.
1778.
1772.
1824.
1779.
1724.
Y
Y
1 jl.s
1 jl.au
Br
Br
S. Europe 1570.
S. Europe 1640.
Arabia
1790.
Canaries 1779.
...
Y
Pu
Pu
Pu
B
Sch.hand 3.t.244
Schmidt arbit.82
Rauwf it. t. 54
Co
Eng. bot. 1195

Dillelt.t.88 fl4
Africa
Teneriffe 1780.
India
1759.
-
6 n.d
......
Jamaica
3 jn.au
2 jl.s
2 au.s
14 au.s
Pu
Pu
Pu
Br
C. G. H.
Casp. Sea
America
......
Dillelt.t.89.f.105
Mill ic. 2. t. 947
Ru
6. t.24-fl
Plu.alm. t. 87.f4
1820.
1 au.s
2 au.s
1} ...
1 jLau
2 jm.au
11 jn.au
3 jn.au
--
2 jn.jl
1 jn.jl
2 jl.au
1: jl
1 jl.au
3 jl.au
ch.pa.
...
1823.
Pu
N. Amer. 1704.
Y. Pu China
1758.
Br
E. Indies 1822.
Y
N. Amer. 1739.
Bot. rep. 375
Sp. 2.
Bar ic, t. 217

Ru.am.6.t.14 f2
Bocc. sic. t.31.f3
Jac. vind. 3. t. 19
Jac. vind. 3. t. 79
Bocc. sic. t.31.f4
Mill.ic. 2. t. 2:3
Barr, ic. t. 368

Schkhan.S.t.:41
Schmid, ic.t. 36
Jac.ic. l. t. 171
Plum ic. t. 97
1825.
1825.
1733.
1774.
1806.
1783.
Slo. hi.1.t.152.f.5
1823.
111story, Use, Propagation, Culture,
The woody species require a sandy peat soil, and to be struck in sand on a hotbed, but not covered with a bell.
gla: as they are very apt to damp.
1731. Carpesium. Named from zagrionov, a bit of straw; the long dry leaves of the involucrum resemble
straws.
17*. Baccharis. A name given by the Greeks to an aromatic plant dedicated to Bacchus. The species now
ORDER II.
11802
11803
11804
11805
11806
11807
11808
------
703
Leaves oblong downy imbricated, Branches 1-headed, Heads nodding

Diffuse proliferous, #' roundish ovate smooth convex closely imbricated, Heads sessile
Leaves obl. blunt imbricated, Branches 1-fl. Scales of invol. ovate
Leaves obl. silky recurved
Decumbent, Leaves lanc. silky somewhat recurved, Branchlets 1-flowered, Peduncles squarrose
Leaves acerose lin, keeled smooth appressed, Branches 1-fl. Flowers sessile
Lvs. acerose lin. roundish downy above: lower spreading; upper appressed, Branches 1-ft. Pedunc. scaly
11809 Leaves linear lanc. channelled amplexicaul: adult smooth, Branches woolly
11810 Branches numerous very fine filiform, Leaves very small 3-cornered imbricated appressed
11811 Leaves obl.lanc. narrowed at base silky, Peduncles naked 1-flowered terminal
11812 Leaves wavy woolly reflexed at end, Heads small terminal few
11813 Leaves amplexicaul. oblong revolute at edge woolly, Flowers terminal solitary shining
11814 Leaves linear-lanc. silky, Corymb simple terminal
11815 Leaves lanc. acute at each end roughish, Peduncles 1-flowered long, Invol. bracteate
11816 Heads terminal solitary cernuous
11817 Heads axill. subsolitary

11818 Leaves narr. linear entire, Panicle compound many-flowered, Invol. small
11819 Leaves lanc. longitudinally toothed serrate
11820 Leaves lanc. serrated with one or two teeth forwards
11821 Leaves obovate emarginate crenate forwards

11822 Leaves lanc. serrate at end subdecurrent downy beneath
11823 Leaves obl. sessile toothed: teeth of the base deeper and stipule-like
11824 Leaves lanc. 3-nerved tooth-serrated, Corymbs terminal leafy
11825 Lvs. pubesc, ov.-lanc. serr. the upper onesent. Stem herbaceous corymb. Scales of the invol. recurved leafy
11826 Leaves sessile broad-lanc. acute serrated, Corymbs terminal fastigiate
1187 Leaves ovate acute at each end toothed stalked pilose, Stem erect branched, Pedunc. many-headed
11828 Leaves stalked ovate lanc. very acute toothletted, Corymbs term. and axillary shorter than leaf
118-9 Leaves ellipt serrated villous beneath, invol. subglobose, Leaves lanc. subulate, Branches spreading
11830 Leaves oblong lanc. doubly toothed acute downy beneath rugose veined, Petioles toothed
11831 Leaves spatulate oblong amplexicaul. serrated rugose
11832 Leaves sess lanc. obl.: lower obovate-obl. subserrated at end, Branches corymbose-fastigiate
11833 Leaves ovate stalked entire obtuse downy, Pedunc. i-fl. solitary term. axillary thickened
11834 Leaves lanc. ovate reflexed serrated downy beneath, Flowers terminal heaped
11835 Leaves ov. stalked crenate blunt downy rugose veiny, Pedunc. i-fl. solitary terminal and axillary
11836 Leaves : cauline entire, Stem downy panicled, Invol campanulate
11837 Leaves toothed radical smoothish obovate: cauline obl. downy, s' of invol. subulate
11838 Leaves oval entire hirsute beneath
11839 Leaves obl. spatulate tooth pilose, Heads panicled globose, Leaves of invol. subulate soft
11840 Lvs. lanc. serrated at end scabrous at edge: lower obov. Heads heaped, Lvs. of invol. membranous at exile
11841 stem hairy, Leaves sessile oval blunt denticulate hairy, Panicle terminal contracted
11842 Leaves lin."lanc. scabrous nearly entire revolute at edge, Stem panicled, Scales of invol. lax
11843 Leaves lin. attenuate at base mucronate, Corymbs stalked contracted terminal
11844 Leaves lin. "early entire, Peduncles long 3-headed
11845 Leaves lin.somewhat toothed, Peduncles very long 1-headed
11846 Leaves spatulate somewhat toothed and stem downy, Pedunc. long 1-fl.
11347 Leaves linear filiform and stems silky with down, Flowers panicled
11848 Leaves cuneiform lin, blunt crenate toothletted smooth, Stem shrubby, Anthers with two setae
11849 Leaves ovate stalked hoary beneath serrated, Corymb terminal compound
11850 Leaves broad lanc. blunt serrulate downy scabrous, Heads clustered surrounded by bractes
11851 Stem branched with spreading hairs, Leaves subamplexicaul blunt coarsely serrated hairy
11852 Leaves ovate entire acute downy beneath, Spikes recurved i-sided, Bractes reflexed
11853 Leaves ovate subcordate pilose viscid toothed auricled at base, Recept favose
11854 Leaves decurrent ovate mucronate downy: lower serrated, Fiowers corymbose
11855 Leaves decurrent lin. lanc. serrulate downy beneath, Spike long terminal interrupted
11856 Stem white with down, Leaves lanc. serrulate downy beneath, Heads terminal
11828
11833 -
called B. Dioscorides is supposed to have been the Baccharis of the Grecks. An extensive genus of shrubby
Plants, few of which are deserving of cultivation.
c' Molina. Named after John Ignatius Molina, a Spaniard, who published, in 1782, a Natural History cf
-
'hili.
11%. Conyza. This plant was believed to have the property, when suspended in a room, of driving away
704
11857 carolinnsis W.
11858 rugsa W.
Carolina
St. Helena
f1735. MADIA. W.
MADIA.
* Dun 5 jl.o
I'u
* Lun 6 m
Composite.
O un 1: jl.au Y
O un 13 jl.au Y
11859 viscsa W.
clammy
honeyed
t1736 ERI/GERON. W. ERIGERoN.
11861 gravolens W.
strong-smelling
O pr
11862 compsitum Ph.
Daisy-flowered sy. A pr
11863 carolininum W.
Hyssop-leaved Sk a pr
Canada
11864 canadnse W.
O pr
Buck's-horn
11865 bonarinse W.
O pr
11866 liniflium W.
Flax-leaved
O pr
11867 philadlphicum W. spreading
3. A pr
11868 nudicatile Ph.
naked-stalked 3. A pr
11869 purpureum W.
A pr
#rple
11860 mellsa W.
11870 bellidiflium W.
lantain-leav.
various-leaved
Jamaica
pr
pr
[O] pr
A pr
#&
11871 heterophyllum W.
11872 jamaicense W.
11873 longiflium
long-leaved
11874 caucsicum Bieb. large-flowered Sy a pr
11875 asteroides Link.
Aster-like
A pr
11876 Villrsii W.
Villars's
A pr
blue
Q) pr
11877 cre W.
11878 alpinum W.
Alpine
A pr
dwarf
A pr
11879 uniflrum W.
shrubby
* L-J pr
11880 glacum B. reg.
11881 delphiniflium Wen. Larkspur-leav. x: Ol pr
*1737. TUSSILA'GO. W. Colt's Foot.
$11882 nuitans W.
drooping-flow.
[O]un
11883 alpina W.
Alpine
A pr
11.884 discolor W.
two-colored
A pr
wood
A un
11885 sylvstris Jy.
Common
A w
11886 Frfara W.
11887 frigida W.
Lapland
A or
sweet-scented
-AJ or
11888 fragrans W.
11889 alba W.
White Butter Bur:Y Apr
11890 nivea W.
downy-leaved Sy a pr
11891 Petasites E. B. Common Butter Bur
A w
hybrida E. B.
Hybrid
A w
lobe-leaved
Sy. A pr
11892 spria W.
cut-leaved
3. A pr
11893 palmta W.
tl738. SENE-CIO. Jy.
GRoUNdsel.
11894 reclintus W.
Grass-leaved y: O] or
11895 hieraciflius W.
Hawkweed
O or
11896 purpureus W.
purple
Y: LA or
11897 crnuus W.
drooping
O or
11898 erubscens W.
blush-colored x (O) or
11899 divarictus W.
straddling
y: IC) or
Compositae.
Y
11:"
jl.au
jLau
1 aus
1: jl.au
1 jLau
1 jLau
1 jl
1.jl.au
* jl.au
1 jl.s
1 jl.s
2 jLau
#jl.au
11 jl.au
jl.au
1: jl.au
1 jl
+ au.s
1 ja.d
1: jls
Carolina 1821.
Brazil
1772.
#hili
2-3.
C co
1794. S co
1825. S co
Chili
Jac. schoe.4.t-302
Sp. 21-53.
1633.
N. Amer. 1811.
N. Amer. 1727.
England rubble.
S. Amer. 1732.
S. Amer. ...
N. Amer. 1778.
Ger. ema.481.f3
D co
D. s.p Dillel-t-30.6.f3,4
S co Eng bot: 2019
S co Dillel.t.257.f.34
S p.l
D co
N. Amer. 1812.
D co
Pu
Pu
Huds. Bay 1776. D co

N. Amer. 1790. D co Bot. mag. 2402
W
Pu
N. Amer. 1640. S co
Jamaica 1818. S co
Pu
Pu
W
Pu
B
N. Amer. 1820. D co
Caucasus 1821. D co
Piedmont 1804. S co
Britain gra
S co
Pu
Scotland
Pu
Scotland highl. D co
Pu
Pu
S. Amer. 1812. C co
S. Amer. 1816. S co
......
1823.
S co
D.
s.l
Lapland
Italy
Europe
1710.
1806.
D co
D co
1683. D co
Switzerl. 1713. D co
Britain m. me. D co
Britain m. mc D co
Germany 1790. D co
Labrador 1778. D co
Sp. 62171.
# H. 1774. S co
N. Amer. 1699.
co
C. G. H. 1774. D co
C. G. H. 1774. S. l.p
China
1801. S lp
Hungary 1805. D co
......
1780. C co
Japan
Bot, reg. 583

Eng, bot. 1158
Eng. bot 464
Eng. bot. 2416
Bot. reg. 10
Plum ic.t.41.fl.
1710. D co Bot mag.84
* ap.my L. Pu Austria 1633. D co

1T ap.my L. Pu Austria 1816. D co
* mr.ap Y
Britain moi.pl. D co
Pa
Fl. dan. 486
Slo.jam.t-152.f.3
D co

* jn.jl
L. Pu (w Indies 1793. S co
a mr.my L.Pu Austria
my
Jacq. ic. t. 585
S p.1
W.R.
Pu
W.
Pu
Pu
Pu
ja.mr W
1 ja.ap W
1 ap
W
1 mrap F
13 mr.ap F
1 mrap W
* up
W
Compositae.
2 jn.au Pu
14 au
W
2 jl.s
Pu
1 jl.au
Vi
2 jn.o
Pk
1: jl
Pu
Croatian
A or 4 jl.au
11900 croaticus Jy.
Y
11901 Pseudo-China W. Chinese
or
* jn.au Y
Y
11902 haematophyllus Wen.purple-leaved ic [A] or 2 ap
Y
11903 japnicus W.
jagged-leaved : A pr 1 au
CLAss XIX.
Jac. aust 3 t.247
Jac.aus.5apt. 12
Eng.bot. 429
Fl dan. t. 61
Bot. mag. 1388

Fl. dan. t. 524
Retz. olis. 2. t. 3
Eng. bot. 431

Eng bot. 430
Retz. obs. 1. t. 2
Hort, kew.3.t-11
Jac. ic. l. t. 174
Her parad.t.226
Jac. ic. 3. t. 580
Jac. vind. 3. t. 98
Pl ra.hu.2.t. 143
Dil.el.t.258.1.333
1774. D co
gnats and fleas. From this imaginary its Greek name (from **ary, a gnat), its Latin name, pulicari",
its English name, flea-bane, and its French name, Herbe aur puces, are all derived. Conyza marilandica gives
out a strong smell of camphor.
1735. Madia. Madi is the name of the plant in Chili.
'lammy weeds, only seen in botanical gardens.
1736. Erigeron. A name synonymous with senecio, which is a translation of it. Named from **, the spring,
and yiga, an old man; because it becomes old in the beginning of the season. The name Senecio having been
-
applied to another genus, the Greek term is preserved for this, which is related to it. E. viscosum is
used to.
'' fleas and gnats, probably from its strong scent, or, as some suppose, from the clammy juice of the
drive
leaves and
stalks; hence the old name of Flea-bane, or Flea-wort:

1737. Tussilago. From tussis, a cough, for curing which the flowers are frequently employed at this day.
Farfarus is the name under which the Greeks designated the White Poplar, the leaves of which are like the
modern T. Farfara.
T. Farfara is a certain indication of a clayey soil, and, according to Dr. Withering, is the first plant which
vegetates in maric or limestone rubble. The clayey part of the pestilential Maremmes of Tuscany, where scarcely
any other plant will grow, is covered with common colts foot. The cotton of the leaves wrapped in a rag,
ORDER II.
705
11857 Leaves ovate-lanc. entire hoary downy beneath, Corymb compound terminal
11858 Leaves decurrent ellipt crenate downy beneath, Heads capitate
11859 Leaves lanc. sessile viscid, Outer involucres 10-leaved
11860 Leaves amplexicaul. lanc. viscid
11861 Leaves sublinear entire, Branches lateral many-flowered
11862 Nearly stemless, Rad. leaves on long stalks triply 3-parted, cauline linear undivided
11863 Stem panicled, Flowers subsolitary terminal, Leaves linear entire
11864 Stem and flowers panicled hairy,
ves lanc. ciliated
11865 Lower leaves lanc. laciniate: cauline linear, Heads racemose
11866 Leaves scabrous: lower lanc. toothed in middle; upper linear, Heads corymbose
11867 Stem many-fi. Lvs. lanc. subserrate: cauline half amplexicaul. Florets of ray capillary the length of disk
11868 Radical leaves oval-lanc. acute somewhat toothed, Stem nearly leafless simple lon
11869 Stem many-fi. pilose, Leaves obl. somew. toothed amplexicaul. Florets of ray capillary longer than disk
11870 Rad. leaves obovate serrated: cauline lanc. entire, Stem about 2-fl. Ray longer than disk
11871 Rad. leaves roundish ovate deeply toothed stalked: cauline lanc. toothed subserrated in middle
11872 Stem few-fl. subvillous, Leaves cuneiform lanc. Serratures 2 on each side
11873 Branches spiked, Scales of invol. long, Peduncles scaly, Leaves very long smooth sessile
11874 Leaves entire bluntly mucronate: radical oblong stalked; cauline cordate ovate sessile
11875 Stem nearly naked, Rad. leaves spatulate smooth dotted: cauline linear, Heads corymbose
11876 Leaves lanc. 3-nerved scabrous somewhat toothed sessile, Stem panicled, Ray shorter than disk
11877 Pedunc. alternate (scarcely racemose) single-fl. Pappus as long as the florets of the ray, Lvs. lanc. obtuse
11878 Stems with
only one fl. Pappus much shorter than the florets of the ray, Lvs. lanceolate
11879 Stem 1-flowered, Invol. pilose
11880 Leaves ciliated glaucous clammy: radical with winged stalks and few teeth; cauline sessile entire
11881 Leaves pinnatifid; segments of the cauline leaves linear entire; of the radical lanc. somewhat toothed
'''
11882 Scape 1-fl. naked, Head radiated nodding, Lvs. stalked obovate toothed sinuated at base downy beneath
11883 Scape 1-ft. nearly naked, Head discoid, Lvs. reniform toothed smooth
1188.4 Scape 1-fl. nearly naked, Head discoid, Lvs. reniform toothed downy beneath
11885 Scape about 1-fl. nearly naked, Head discoid, Lvs. smooth reniform slightly 7-lobed
11886 Scape single-fl. imbricated with scales, Lvs. cordate angular toothed downy beneath
11887 Thyrsus fastigiate, Heads radiant, Lvs. roundish cordate unequally toothed downy beneath
11888 Thyrsus fastigiate, Heads radiant, Lvs. roundish cordate equally toothed downy beneath
11889 Thyrsus fastigiate, Heads discoid, Lvs. orbicular cordate doubly and finely toothed
11890 Thyrsus oblong, Heads discoid, Lvs. obl. cordate unequally toothed white beneath: lobes spreading
11891 Thyrsus ovate-oblong, Lvs. cordate unequally toothed with the lobes approximate downy beneath
11:2Thyrsus oblong, Heads discoid, Lvs. obl. cordate unequally toothletted snow-white beneath
11893 Thyrsus fastigiate, Heads obsoletely radiant, Lvs. roundish cordate half 7-lobed downy beneath
11894. Heads flosculous, Cor naked, Invol. ventricose somewhat imbricated, Lvs. filiform lin. entire smooth
11895 Heads flosculous, Cor. naked, Lvs. obl. amplexicaul. unequally and deeply toothed, Stem virgate
11896 Heads fiosculous, Cor naked, Lvs. lyrate hairy: upper lanc. toothed
11897 Heads flosculous, Cor. naked, Lvs. ellipt. tooth-serrated hairy, Peduncles long many-flowered
11898 Heads flosculous, Cor naked, Lvs. lyrate pilose on each side viscid
11899 Heads flosculous, Cor naked, Lvs. lanc. toothed scabrous, Flowering branches spreading
11900 Heads flosculous, Cor. naked, Lvs. obl lanc. finely serrated smooth, Heads corymbose
11901 Heads flosculous, Cor naked, Lvs. lyrate pinnatifid toothed, Scape nearly naked
11902 Heads flosculous, Cor naked, Lvs. obl. pinnatifid toothed acuminate stalked cuneate at base
11903 Heads flosculous, Cor. naked, Lvs. pinnatifid: segm. lanc. acute cut, Stipules leafy subpalmate
11.884 &
apped in a solution of saltpetre, and dried in the sun, makes an excellent tinder. The leaves are the basis of
the British herb tobacco; they have been regarded as expectorant from the earliestages, been smoked
through a reed in the days of Dioscorides, with the view of relieving the chest from accumulated mucus in
catarrh, asthma, and phthisis. At present, though it occupies a place in the Materia Medica, very little
reliance is placed on its powers. (London Disp. p. #)
Petastes, from the Greek re-area, a broad covering, in allusion to the leaves, which are larger than
those of any British lant, and afford shelter from rain to poultry and other small animals. It is called Butter
bur, in allusion to a former application, and Pestilent-wort, from its supposed efficacy in the plague. T hybrida
is by some considered, a variety of this species, as Talba is of T. paradoxa. T fragrans is valued in :
early and fragrant flower; like all the species, it is apt to run very much, and is therefore best kept in
It is remarkable that no plant belonging to the tribe of Tussilaginee, has been discovered with hermaphro
flowers. They are distinguished from other tribes by their stigma, which occupies both surfaces of the
*es of the style. They are nearly all natives of Europe.
Senecio. For the explanation of this word, see Erigeron. Most of these species are annual weeds, or
Z z
- -
- -
- - -- - - -
706
11904 glomertus Desf
11905 cacalioides Fisch.
11906 vulgris W.
11907 arbicus W.
11908 denttus Jacq.

11909 verbenacflius W.
clustered
Cacalia-like
A w
#yz la]
CD un
un
Common
Arabian
toothed
Vervain-leaved
11910 triflrus hy.
three-flowered
11911 aegyptius W.
11912 crassiflius W.
Egyptian
thick-leaved
11913 lividus Jy.

11914 trilobus Jy.
11915 cinerscens W.
11916 squamsus. W.
livid
three-lobed
gray
squarrose
11917 viscsus W.
stinking
11918 sylvticus W.
mountain
Sicilian
sea-green
11919 nebrodnsis W.
11920 glaucus W.
11921 hasttus W.
11922 vernlis W.
O un 12 au
DCJ pr1 au
Y
Y
CLAss XIX.
N. Holl
1816. S oo
Brazil
1820. S
co
1, jad
13 jl.au
Y
Y
Britain
Egypt.
1804. S. co .
1 jl.au
O un 1 jn.jl
O pr. 14.jl.s
O pr14 jLau
Y
Y
C. G. H.
1820. D
1803. S
1776. S
1771. S
(5 prs laru
O un 1 jLau
O un 1 jn.au
rt. L_Jun 6 myjl
rt-u- un 3 myji
O w
1 jn.o
O w 1 jl.au
Co un 14 jn.au
O un
jn.au
'
rubble. D co
co
co
co
co
Eng. bot. 747
Egypt
Egypt
Egypt
Pu
S. Europe 1815. S co Barr ic. 251
Y
Spain
1801.
Y
Spain
1728.
Y
C. G. H. 1774.
Y
C. G. H. 1820.
Y
Britain ch. ba.
Y
Britain woods.
Papu S. Europe 1704.
Y
Egypt
1739.
S co
Jac. vind. 1. t.3
Schk ha. 3. t.245
co
C.
C
S
S
S.
S.
p.l Jac.schoe.2.t.150
pil
co Eng. bot. 32
co Eng. bot. 748
co Barr. rar. 401
co
halberd-leaved a LA un is my..au Y
C. G. H. 1722. D 1.p Dilel.t.152 f184
spring
Hungary 1803. S. co
France
1816. D co
O un
1 apjn
Pl, rar. hu. Lt.24
11923 artemisiaefolius I am. Wormwood-lv. Y. A un 13 jnji

11924 rupstris W.
Y
Y
Pu
Pu
C. G. H. 1774. C. p.l Bot, reg.901

C. G. H. 1700. S co
2 jad
Pu
C. G. H. 1700 C s.l. Bot mag.238

England walls. S. co Eng bot 600
rock
wing-leaved
elegant
11923 venustus W.
11926 elegans W.
8 flore plno
11927 squalidus W.
11928 specisus W.
11929 erucifolius W.
11930 uniflrus W.
3, a un
jn.jl
to ON el 1: jls
O pr2 jn.au
double-flowered a l- el
inelegant
red-flowered
Eruca-leaved
Alpine
downy
Hungary 1805. D. s.l. Pl.rar.hu.2.1-128
O w 11 jn.o
ual or
jl.au
Sy a un
jl.au
So a un
jlau
11931 incnus W.
A un
jl.au
11932 abrotaniflius W. Southernw.-lv.
A un
jl.o
11933 tenuifolius W.
slender-leaved
ZN un 2 jl.au
11934 Jacobaea W.
Common Ragwort: Z\ w 2 jl.au
11935 aquticus. W.
marsh
A un 3 myjn
11936 aureus W.
golden
Sy. A un 2 jl.au
Y
Y
Y
Y
Britain drypa. D s.l Eng bot. 1130
11937 rosmarinifolius W. Rosemary-lvd. ii U pr:3 jLau
C. G. H. ... C lip Jac.ic. 3. t. 587
11938 asper W.
11939 rigscens W.
11940 linifolius W.
11941 paludsus W.
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Spain
rough
stiff-leaved
Flax-leaved
rt. u_j prS

rt. LJ pr:3
a un 2
A prS
A or 3
11942 memornsis IV.
bird's-tongue
branching
11943 sarracnicus W.
creeping-rooted:Y ZX or
11944 ovtus W.
ovate
A
a
Ll
a
1194.5 macrophyllus Bieb. large-leaved
11946 solidaginoides W. Solidago-like
6 jl.o
3
4
2
2
Y
Y
jl.o
jl.au
jl.au
jl.au
Y
Y
Y
...... 1789.
1816.
Al. of Eur, 1799.
Al. of Eur.1759.
Al. of Eur.1640.
Britain woods.
#na
Austria
fens. Dp
Caucasus 1818.
C. G. H. 1824.
4 jLau
Levant
4
1
3
3
3
3
Y
Y
Y
Austria 1570.
S. Europe 1705.
C. G. H. 1774.
C. G. H. 1775.
11:54 illicifolius. W.
a or
Leopard's Bane:Y ZN or
spear-leaved
in u_j or
long-leaved
* L or
succulent-leav. * Li or
Ilex-leaved
a u-J or
11955 rigidus W.
hard-leaved
3 jn.s
11953 halimifolius W.
**1739. ASTER. W.
a LI or
Stanwont.
11956 reflexus py.
$11957 tomentsus W.
11958 sericeus IV.
11959 Cymbalriae W.
11900 lirtus B. M.
reflexed-leaved a u_J or
tooth-leaved
at L or
silky-leaved
* L J or
Ivy-leaved
* u_J or
fluted-stemmed * u_j or
3
14
3
2
3
Y
Y
Eng bot. 1131
Eng bot. 650
1785. D co Jac. aust. 2..t.184

Britain moi.pl. D co Eng. bot. 2211
Germany 1823. D co
broad-leaved
11952 longifolius W.
Hungary 1815.
D co
C co
D 1.p
1728. ID lp Dilel.t.105.f.125
D
D
C.
C.
co Jac. aust 2.t.185

co Jac.aus.2.tap.45
p.l
p.l Com. hort.2t 71
C. G. H. 1723. C lip Dil.elt 104.f124

C. G. H. 1731. C lip Comm. rar: t 4:
C. G. H. 1704. C lip Com.hort 2.t.75

fs
Cr
C. G. H. 1759. C. p.l
my.jl Pk
N. S. W. 1793. C. p.
my..n B
Missouri 1802. C sip
my..n W.
C. G. H. 1786. C !
my jl W.
N. S. W. 1812. C Lp
$11961 argophyllus H. K. Musk-scented a t-jor 10 my.jl
W.
Bot reg. 41
Barr, rar. t. 153
All ped. t. 17.[8
Piu, alm. t.39 f6
Jac. aust 1. t. 79
Eng bot. 574
['
leathery-leaved: A or
11950 Doronicum W.
s.l.
co
lp
s.p
co
C. G. H. 1774. C
C. G. H. 1815. D Lp Jac. coll.5.t-6f1
1820. D co Bocc. mus. t. 49
11949 Dria W.
jl.s
jls
jl.o
au.n
jl
jn.jl
D
D
D
D.
D
D
Britain mar. D 1.p

N. Amer. 1758. D 1.p
11947 umbrsus W. en
11948 coriceus W.
11951 lnceus W.
various-leaved
or
or
or
or
jl.au
jl.au
jl.au
jn.au
jLau
Sc
Y
Y
Y
Bot mag. 884

Bot rep. 61
Vent cels. 33
Vent malm.95
Bot mag. 1509
V. Di. L. 1804. C s-p Bot. mag. 1563

rude gigantic yellow flowered autumnal perennials; S venustus and cinerascens, however, are elegant plants
with purple flowers Of S elegans there is a double flowered variety, common in greenhouses, and readily
propagated by cuttings.
as S. vulgaris
is in Europe. It
Senecio
hieracifolius
is the
known by
the name of
the pest of newly cleared ground in North A merica,
ca,
g
-i i
''
-
--
ecioand
vulgaris
is esteemed
emollient
and resolvative.
"ultice,
against
the gout and
hamorrhoids.
It is
i
l
employed
in spitting of blood, in the form ofa
--
It is given to horses suspected to be troubled with worms
- - -
--
ORDER II.
707
11904. Herb downy upwards, Lvs. sinuate toothed and pinnatifid, Heads clustered, Invol. cylindrical
11905 Herb hirsute, Lvs. broad-lanc. sinuate-toothed and toothletted: teeth callous at end, Heads panicled
11906 Leaves semiamplexicaul. pinnatifid toothed, Heads in clustered corymbs destitute of a ray
11907 Heads flosculous, Cor naked, Leaves subbipinnate stalked smooth, invol. not withered
11:08 Heads radiant, Leaves half-amplexic, pinnatifid, Segments linear acute toothed distant, Peduncles long
11909 Heads flosculous, Cor naked, Leaves obovate stalked cut-toothed, Pedunc. filiform 3-headed
11910 Heads radiate, Ray revolute, Leaves stalked obl. sinuate, Pedunc, 3-headed, lnvol. conical
11911 Heads radiate, Ray revolute, Leaves amplexic. lin., lanc. pinnatifid, Scales of invol. sphacelate in part
11912 Heads radiate, Ray revolute, Leaves amplexicaul. lanceolate-linear fleshy bluntly sinuated
11913 Heads radiate, Ray revolute, Leaves amplexicaul. lanceolate toothed, Scales of invol. all unwithered
11914 Heads radiate, Ray revolute, Leaves amplexicaul obovate 3-lobed at end serrated
11915 Heads radiate, Ray revolute, Leaves pinnatifid downy revolute at edge, Panicle spreading
11916 Leaves amplexicaul. cut toothed scabrous above downy beneath, Heads racemose
11917 Ray revolute, Leaves pinnatifid and viscid, Scales of the involucre lax hairy
11918 Ray revolute, Lvs. sess. pinnatifid lobed and toothed, Scales of invol. very short glab. Stem erect straight
11919 Ray revolute, Leaves lyrate sinuate blunt stalked, Stem hirsute
[corymbose
11920 Ray revolute, Leaves amplexicaul. lanceolate blunt toothed entire
11921 Heads radiate, Petiole amplexicaul. Peduncles 3 times as long as pinnate sinuated leaves
1192 Heads radiate, Leaves amplexicaul. pinnatifid hirsute crisp-toothed, Stem woolly
11923 Cor. radiant, leaves pinnated multifid: segm. filiform smooth, Heads corymbose
11924 Cor. radiant, Lvs. amplexic. pinnatifid glabrous above: segm. angular toothed, Stem and invol. glabrous
11925 Cor. radiant, Stem invol. and leaves glabrous, Leaves pinnatifid: segm. linear acute toothed
11926 Cor. radiant, Leaves pilose viscid pinnatid equal spreading, Rachis narrowed below
11927 Cor. radiant, Leaves half-amplexicaul. pinnatifid: segm-linear subdentatedistant
11928 Cor. radiant, Stem simple nearly naked, Radical leaves stalked oblong toothed ciliated
11929 Cor. radiant, Leaves pinnatifid toothed somewhat hairy, Stem erect
11900 Cor. radiant, Leaves tomentose oblong toothed, Stem leafy I-flowered
11931 Cor. rad. Lvs. toment on each side snow-white pinnatif.; segm-lin-blunt somew-tooth. Corymb contracted
11932 Cor. radiant, Leaves pinnate multifid linear naked acute, Peduncles about 2-flowered
11933 Cor. radiant, Leaves pinnate: pinnae lin-subulate somewhat cut downy beneath, Stem somewhat hair,
11964 Ray spreading, Leaves lyrate bipinnatifid divaric toothed glabrous, Stem erect, Pericarps hairy
11935 Ray spreading, Florets elliptical, Leaves lyrate serrated: lower obovate entire, Pericarps glabrous
11936 Cor. radiant, Rad. iv. ovate cordate serrated stalked cauline pinnatifid toothed, Peduncles thickened
11937 Cor. radiant,
11938 Cor. radiant,
11939 Cor. radiant,
11940 Cor. radiant,
11941 Cor. radiant,
11942 Cor. radiant,
Lvs. lanc. in nearly entire smoothish, Corymb contracted terminal stalked

Lvs. lanc. lin. toothed rigid scal rous, Corymbs terminal and axillary stalked
Lvs. lanc. lin. subtomentose glauci finely toothletted or entire, Corymb contracted terminal
Leaves linear entire, Corymb squamose, Stem herbaceous
Lvs. half amplexicaul. lanc. finely serrate subvillous beneath, Corymb terminal spreading
Lvs. ovate lanc. serrated ciliated at edge sessile unequal at base
11943 Ray spreading, Lvs. lanc. sharply serrated nearly glabrous, Corymbs of rather few flowers
11944 Cor. radiant, iv. ovate lanc. finely serrated smooth on each side subsessile
11945 Cor. radiant, Outer scales of invol. subulate spreading, Lvs. subdecurrent obl.lanc, villous
11946 Cor. radiant, Lvs. sess obovate toothed at end glaucous: younger silky, Corymb compound terminal
11947 Cor. radiant, Lvs. toothed: lower ovate decurrent in the stalk: upper cordate obl amplexicaul.
11948 Cor. radiant, Scales of invol. appressed, Lvs. subdecurrent villous beneath lanc. serrated
11949 Cor. radiant. Outer scales of invol. spreading, Lvs. subdecurrent obl.lanc. glauci serrate
11930 Cor. radiant, Stem undivided about i-fl. Lvs. undivided serrated: radical ovate villous beneath
11951 Cor. radiant,
11952 Cor. radiant,
11953 Cor. radiant,
11954 Cor. radiant,
11955 Cor. radiant,
Lvs. lanc. cordate at base amplexicaul, smooth finely serrated

Lvs. lin. scattered
Lvs. obovate fleshy somewhat toothed
Lvs. obl. sessile toothed downy beneath: upper amplexicaul, toothed only at base
Lvs. amplexicaul. spatulate repand eroded scabrous
* 1. Shrubby.
11956 Leaves ovate subimbricated recurved serrate-ciliated, Heads terminal
11957 Leaves ovate serrate spreading downy beneath, Heads terminal about 3
11958 Leaves obl.lanc. sessile entire 3-nerved silky with down, Flowers terminal
119.9 Leaves stalked roundish ovate hairy with 1 or 2 teeth on each side, Peduncles 1-headed long terminal
11960 Stem fluted, Leaves alternate stalked lanc. blistered repand-toothed downy beneath, Flowers panicled
11961 Leaves ovate lanc. toothed silky beneath, Panicles compound axillary, Rays 3
The tribe of Senecioneae is nearly related to Anthemideae, and a portion of Inuleae, from which the differ
*ces in the style are insufficient to distinguish them. They appear, however, to be sufficiently well cha
'terized by their other floral organs. They are found in every part of the world, especially in the south of
Africa.
has observed, that they are very numerous in the upper region of the Andes, just below Humboldt
of snow, where the sun has little influence, where hurricanes are incessant, and not a tree is
o rear its head.
1739. Aster. The flowers of all the species of Aster resemble little stars, on account of
Zz 2
the numerous rays
CLAss XIX.
708
JV.
11962
11963 villsus Th.
11964 obtustus W.
narrow-leaved a u_j or
* L or
villous
obtuse-leaved * L or
11965 fruticulsus W.
* Lu or
shrubby
11966 filiflius V.
thread-leaved at Jor
11967 aculetus Lab.
prickly-leaved a u-J or
* LJ or
11968 exasperatus Link. rough
n-u-Jel
tall
11969 carolininus W.
Hyssop-leaved
11970 hyssopifolius W.
11971 solidaginoides W.
11972 tardiflius Mich.
Solidago-like
11973 nemorlis H. K.
wood
ledifolius Ph.
11974 rigidus Ph.
late-flowering
au.s
A or
* au.o
Pu
N. Amer. 1759.
Plu. alm. t. 14.f.7
A or
13 so
8.0
Pa.B. N. Amer. 1699.
Papu Huds. Bay ...
au.o
o
S.O.
8.0
8.0
s
s.o
S.O.
s.o
A or
# A or
many-flowered
11985 cilitus Ph
St A or
ciliated
* A or
canescent
y A or
marsh
A or
scattered-flow.
11993 cncolor W.
11994 myrtiflius Link.

11995 reticultus Ph.
11996 corniflius W.
11997 humilis Ph.
11998 amygdalinus Ph.

mumbellatus W.
myrtle-leaved
netted-leaved
St A or
SY A or
a cl
a el
Y A el
#
# AA oror
A el
12001 Novae An'gliae W.

A raber
12002 sparius W.
cydneus Ph.
rubriculis Lam.
12003 grandiflrus W.
12004 phlogiflius W.
12005 ptens W.
beautiful-blue
A spl
12006 alpinus, W.
12007 pulchllus W.
$12008 punctatus W.
t-flowered
hlox-leaved
lpine
pretty
dotted
acrid
12009 acris W.
12010 cnus W.
#A
hair's
jl.s
12011 panmnicus W.
12012 Amllus W.
12013 saiignus W.
12014 longiflius P. S.
long-leaved
12015 amplexicalis W.
12016 prenanthoides W.
12017 adulterinus W.en.
12018 laevigtus W.
jl.au
S.O.
S.O.
S.O.
2 on
au.8
au.s
or
or
or
or
jl.au
au.s
au.s
O
St A or
stem-clasping y A or
Prenanthes-like: A or
bastard
Y A or
mm # A pr
Plu, alm. t.78.f5

Plu, alm.t-78.f6
N. Amer. 1732.
N. Amer.
Dill elt.t.3.6.f40
...
N. Amer. 1784.
B
B
B
N. Amer. ...
N. Amer. ...
N. Amer. 1801.
Pu
Pu
N. Amer. 1801.
N. Amer. 1759.
W
W
W
W
W.
......
1812.
N. Amer. 1812.
N. Amer. 1811.
N. Amer. 1699.
N. Amer. 1759,
Willd hober67
F
B
Pu
R
N. Amer. 1760.
Rob ic. 307
N. Amer. 1776.
N. Amer. 1710.
N. Amer. 1812.
Bot reg. 183
Pu
N. Amer. 1789.
Pu
Vi
N. Amer. 1720.
N. Amer. 1797.
N. Amer. 1773.
Al. of Eur.1658.
...
Armenia
1: jlo
Pu
A or 1* s.n
Pu
Pu
A or #my.au
my.au
A or
Vi
au.s
A or
Dill elt. t.35.f.39
Papu N. Amer. 1812.
A or
A
A
Sy A
Italian
Sallow-leaved St A
hoary-leaved
Hungarian
or
Or
1739.
1812.
1732.
...
1725.
1734.
1758.
au. In
au.s
all.0
aulo
*u.O.
A or
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Papu N. Amer. 1798.
so
A or
New England
red-flowered
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
8.n
au.n
au n
A or
Willow-leaved
summer
12000 aestivus W.
W
Pa.B.
Pa.B.
Pa.B.
W
W
W
W
W
jl.o
* jn.jl
jls
Cornus-leaved A or
St Ael
low
Almond-leaved Y Z\ or
11999 saliciflius W.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
*so
jlau
or
or
or
or
or
11984 multiflrus W.
rootin
ragged
silver-leaved
self-colored
Bot mag. 283

Ventimalm. t.82
Bot. cab. 830
Doda mem. t.80

Plu alm. t. T9.f3
Heath-leaved
11990 surculosus Mich.

11991 squarrsus W.
11992 argnteus Mich.
Jac.schoe.3t.370
1683.
1699.
1820.
1778.
Flax-leaved
Coris-leaved
1804.
1812.
1793.
1759.
1812.
1818.
1823.
...
N.
N.
N.
N.
A or
A or
grass-leaved
11989 coridiflius Jy.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
N. Holl.
C. G. H.
Carolina
W
W
W
Li
hairy
leafy
11986 canscens Ph.

11987 paludsus W.
11988 sparsiflrus Ph.
mr.jl
mr.jl
mr.jl
mr.jl
Pa.B.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W
W.
Pu
2 aus
1 au.s
1 au.s
A
A
A
subulate
slender-leaved Yi ZX
SY. A
bushy
11978 pilsus W.
11979 foliosus W.
11980 subultus Mich.
11981 tenuifolius W.
11982 dumsus py.
11983 ericoides W.
my.jl
myji
## AAA ororor
A or
stiff-leaved
11975 linariflius Ph.

11976 graminiflius Ph.
11977 liniflius J.W.
my.jl
Pu
Vi
Pu
W.
W.
Hungary
S. Europe
Hungary
Hungary
Italy
Germany
N. Amer.
f
B
Vi
F
N.
N.
N.
N.
D
D
D
D
D
1815. D
1731. D
1816. D
1815. D
1596. D
1815. D
1798. D
Botre-183.f.inf.
Hofph. Lt.Bf 1
Bot reg. 273
Bot mag. 199
Plrar.hu.2.t.109
Plu al. t. 971.f3

Pl rar hull. t.30
Jac. vind. 1. t. 8
Bot reg.340
Mors.7.t.22 f26
Amer. ... D
Amer. 1821. D
Amer. ... D
Amer. 1794. D
11970 W
very numerous enus of plants, commonly called in England, Christmas Daisies,
in allusion to the late period
of the year at which they blossom. They are not very ornamental, and yet their
flowers are acceptable
"f their circumference. A
at a season when few others are to be scen" open air." The species are extremely
ORDER II.
709
11962 Leaves linear acute not dotted somewhat hoary, Pedunc. term. solitary 1-fl. long
11963 Leaves linear filiform obtuse hairy, Invol. imbricated
11964 Leaves linear fleshy smooth dotted blunt, Pedunc. 1-headed, Invol. imbricated shorter than disk
11965 Leaves linear blunt glabrous dotted, Pedunc. 1-headed long, Invol. imbricated as long as disk
11966 Leaves linear filiform fasicled smooth dotted, Ligules entire
11:57 Leaves linear scattered revolute at edge: prickly above; downy beneath, Heads in racemose panicles
11968 Stem and leaves rough, Leaves dense linear reflexed, Flowering branches short racemose
11969 Leaves obl, narrowed at each end sess. Stem somew, climbing, Branches downy, Scales of invol. squarrose
$ 2. Herbaceous.
* Leaves entire.
11970
11971
11972
11973
Leaves lin, lanc. 3-nerved dotted acute scabr. at edge, Ray about 5-fl. Invol. imbric twice as short as disk
Lvs. lin. lanc. obsol. 3-nerv. blunt scab.at edge, Hds. in sess clust. Ray about 5-fl. Inv. imbr. short than disk
Lvs cuneate obov. acute nervel. scab. on each side twisted spread. Inv. cylindr imbr. with 2 bractes at base
Lvs. lin. lanc. narr at base nerveless roughish revolute at edge, Inv. lax imbr. Branches filiform 1-headed
11974 Lvs. lin. mucro somew, keeled rigid scabrous at edge: cauline reflexed; of the branches much spreading
11975 Lvs. many lin, mucron nerveless not dotted keeled scabrous rigid, Branches fastigiate 1-headed
11976 Lvs. narrow lin. nerveless not dotted smooth erect, Branchlets term. nearly naked 1-headed
11977 Lvs. lin. nerveless dotted scabr. reflexed spreading, Branches corymb. fastigiate leafy, Invol. imbr. short
11978 Lvs. lin. lanc. hoary, Stem branched villous, Branchlets somew. 1-sided 1-headed, invol. obl. laximbricated
11979 Lvs. lin. lanc. narrowed at each end acum. Stem downy panicled erect, Branches few-headed, Inv. imbr.
11980 Very smth. with small fl. Stem panicled, Branch, many-head. Lvs. lin subulate, Invol. cylindr. Ray minute
11981 Lvs. lin. lanc. narrow. both ways hispid at edge, Stem smth. branched crect, Branches 1-headed, Inv. imbr.
11982 Lvs. lin. glabrous: those of the branches very short, Branches panicled, Invol. cylindr closely imbricated
11983 Lvs. lin. glab.: those of the branches subul. close together; of the stem long. Invol. subsquarr. Leafl. acute
11984 Lvs. lin. glab. Stem much branched diffuse downy, Branchlets 1-sided, Inv. imbr.: scales obl squarr. acute
11985 Lvs. ciliat.: caul, lin, lanc nerv.: those of the br; very short lanc, 3-nerv. Stem branch downy, Br. Panic.
11986 Hoary, Lvs. lin. Panic. corymb. much branched leafy, Invol. imbr. : acute longer than disk
[at base
11987 Lvs. remote lin. amplexicaul. erect very smth. scabr. at edge, Pedunc. almost naked, Inv. squarr. with 21Vs.
11988 Very smth. Lvs. subul. lin, somew fleshy subreflex: Stem slender much branch. Branchl. setaceous 1-head.
11989 Lvs. very numerous lin. blunt reflexed hispid at edge, Stem branch, diffuse smooth, Branches 1-headed
11990 Dwarf with creeping roots, Stems weak simple, Lvs. long lanc smoothish, Invol. with lin. obl. blunt scales
11991 Lvs. very numerous ovate-acum, reflexed hispid at hedge, Stem branched hairy, Branches 1-headed
11992 Lvs. obl.lanc. silky sess. Stem slender decumbent loosely branched, Branchlets and branchlets 1-headed
11993 Lvs. obl.lanc. hoary on each side, Stem simple erect
Racemeterminal
11994 Cauline leaves amplexicaul. scabrous: of the branches small, Invol. imbricated: scales length of disk
11995 Hoary all over, Lvs. lanc. obl. acute at each end sess revolute at end netted and 3-nerved beneath
11996 Smooth, Lvs. obl. ovate acuminate shortly stalked scabrous at edge, Panicles few-headed, Stem smooth
11997 Lvs. subrhomboid oval-lanc. acuminate at each end somew. stalked
hispid at edge, Corymb diverging
11998 Lvs. lanc. narrowed at base acuminate scabrous at edge, Stem simple
at end, invol. loosely imbr.
''
11999 Lvs. lin. lanc. nearly entire smth. Stem smth. panicled at end, Invol. lanc. imbr. Scales acute spread. at end
12000 Lvs. lanc. somewhat amplexical narrowed at end scabrous at edge, Stem erect hispid, Branchlets pilose
12001 Lvs. lin. lanc. pilose amplexicaul. auricled at base, Stem simple pilose straight, Heads sess term. clustered
12002 Lvs. lin. lanc. amplexicaul. polished, Stem virgate panicl. Branches racemose, Inner scales of invol. colored
12003 Lvs. lin. rigid acute subamplexicaul.: those of the branches reflexed hispid at edge, Scales of invol. squarr.
12004 Lvs. lanc. cordate amplexicaul. downy beneath, Stem quite simple downy, Pan. term. lax few-headed
12005 Lvs. obl.lanc. ciliate cordate amplexicaul. scabrous on each side hairy, Stem branched hairy
12006 Stem 1-fl. Rad. lvs. lanc. spatulate: cauline lanc. Scales of invol. nearly equal lanc. bluntish
12007 Stem 1-fl. Rad. lvs. spatulate: cauline lin-lanc. Scales of invol. nearly equal linear acuminate
12008 Lvs. lin. remote 3-nerved acuminate dotted scabrous at edge, Branches corymb. fastigiate, Ray 10-fl.
12009 Lvs. lin. lanc. glabrous not dotted 3-nerved, Invol. imbricated twice as short as disk
12010 Lvs. lin. lanc. 3-nerved hoary on each side, Invol. twice as short as disk imbricated
12011 Lvs. lin. lanc. hispid at edge, Stem simple corymbose, Scales of invol. lanc. blunt equal
12012 Lvs. obl.lanc. scabrous, Invol. imbr. subsquarrose: lvs. blunt; inner membranous colored at edge
12013 Lvs. lin. lanc. sessile scabrous at edge, Stem panicled smooth, Invol. lax imbricated
12014 Lvs. lin. lanc. rarely toothed long smooth, Heads terminal, Invol. squarrose
** Leaves lanceolate and ovate : lower serrate.
12015 Lvs. ov.-obl. acute amplexicaul. cordate serrated smooth, Stem panicled smooth, Branches 1-2-headed
12016 Lvs. amplexicaul. spatulate lanc. acuminate serrated in middle cordate at base, Branches pilose
12017 Lvs. amplexic. lanc.: lower subserr smooth; of the branches lin. squarr. Invol. squarr. shorter than disk
12018 Lvs. subamplexicaul. broad-lanc. subserrate smooth, Stem glabrous, Branches many-headed
difficult to distinguish: the most ornamental are A. puniceus, Nova Angliae, pulchellus, and macro yllus.
. chinensis is a well known border annual; of which there are varieties # different colors, and semi
double, and double. It is raised on a hotbed, and
into the open ground in April or May.
-
":"
z 3
710
12020 mptbilis W.
various-colored y A el
changeable
A or
12021 lae'vis Jy.

12022 concinnus W. en
12023 puniceus JP.
smooth
neat
red-stalked
12019 versicolor JV.
12024 hispidus IV.

12025 floribndus JV.
12026 Novi-Blgii Jy.
A or
A pr
Ey. A
rough-staiked * a
abundant-flow. Sy a
New-York
y A
or
or
or
or
12027 bellidiflrus W.en. Daisy-flowered YA or

12028 spectbilis W.
sy. A cl
show
12029 serotinus W.
I'lowering
12030 tardiflrus W.
spear-leaved
charming
12031 blndus Ph.
$12032 chinnsis W.
1-033 acumintus Ph.
12034 conyzoides W.
12037 Rdula W.
#Sy AA oror
St A or
O
Chinese
acuminate
A or
A or
A or
Conyza-like
rasp-leaved
W.pu N. Amer. 1790.
2 s.o
2 so
Pu
B
Pu
B
W
Pu
P.B.
Pa. R.
B
B
P.B.
Pa.pu
D. Pu
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
China
N. Amer.
N. Anner.
N. Anner.
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
China
W.
N. Amer.
W
W
Vi
W.
Pa.B.
Li
W
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
13 so
8 jlo
1
4
4
3
2
3
so
so
so
so
au.s
s.n
2 jls
2 on
2 jl.s
1* auo
I aus
2 s.n
# sin
120: strictus Ph.
upright-dwarf
A pr
jl.s
12% Tradescnti W. Michaelmas Daisy:Y A or 3
3 au.s
12038 recurvtus Jy.
12039 &minens Ph.
a or
recurved
eminent
loose-stalked
A or
12040 lxus Ph.

A
12041 simplex W. en.
single-stalked
A
12042 polyphyllus W. en many-leaved
A
W.
slender-stalked Y Z\
12044 lanceoltus W.
lanceolate
Sy A
12045 dracunculoides W. Tarragon-like
A
12046 frgilis W.
brittle
A
12047 miser W.
meagre-flower. S. A
12048 divergens W.
spreading-downy Y. A
12049 diffusus py.
diffuse
A
12050 pndulus W.
pendulous
A
12051 caucsicus W.
Caucasian
A
12002 alticus W. en.
dwarf
##
#&
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
2 s.n
2 s.n
3 au.o
W.pu N. Amer.
W
F
4 au.n
W.pu N. Amer.
3 s.n
2 s
W
W
W
W
W
W
un 3 so
un 3 s.o
or
or
2 so
2 so
or
1 jl.au
Pu
*my.au B
or
or
ap.o
N. Amer. 1765.
N. Amer. 1739.
A or
A or
A or
2 s
2 jl.s
3 jls.
1 my
Co.
Co
D co
Siberia
C. G. H.
Britain
Siberia
W
W
corymbed
fragrant
great
Caucasus
N. Amer.
2 jl.o
Mor. s.7.t.21.f4?
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer
Amer
Amer
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
A or 3 au.o
A el 4 so
A or 2 jl.au
Canadian
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
P.B.
wave-leaved
manicled
eart-leaved
au.s
Bot. cab.959
Dill.elt. t.34.f.38
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
P.B.
B
12059 undultus IV.

12060 paniculatus W.
12061 cordifolius W.
12067 frgrans W. en.

12068 prcera W.
1775.
1800.
1731.
1806.
1778.
1785.
1806.
1633.
1800.
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
elegant
pale-flowered
early-flowering St A or
12066 canadnsis W.
Herm. lugd.t-69
Herm.lugdi t-67
1777.
Vi
12056 legans W.
12057 pllens W en.

12058 praecox W.en.
large-leaved
various-leaved
fine rayed
Golden Roo.
1710.
2 jlau
sea
$12062 corymbsus W.
1206.3 macrophyllus W
12064 heterophyllus Wen
12065 alwartensis Lodd.
f*1740. SoLIDA'GO. W.
Herm. lug.t.G51
lc. Kaempf. t. 29
2 au.o
3 so
slender
Siberian
1710.
1758.
1800.
1710.
1804.
B
B
B
B
Vi
19053 tenllus W.
or
or
or
or
Amer.
Amer
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
3 aulo
4 so
12054 Triplium W.
12055 sibiricus W.
A
A
A
A
Class XIX.
3 aus
Co
Co
co
co
co
Co
Caucasus

Y
. Amer.
A pr 2 jls
Y
N. Amer.
A pr 3 jls
Y
N. Amer.
St. A pr 6 s.o
A el
Papu N. Amer. 1811.

R
12069 serotina W.
upright-smoothy. A pr 4 jLau
N. Amer.
gigantic
3. A pr 6 au.s
N. Amer.
12071 ciliris JV.
ciliated
3. A pr
3 au.s
N. Amer.
12072 reflxa W.
12073 lateriflra W.
hanging-leaved:Y Apr
lateral-flowered: Z\ pr
3 aus
3 au.s
Y
Y
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
Herm. parad. 96
Corn.canad.t-65
Bot mag. 2321

Sch.hand 3.f246
12070 giganta W.
Bot. mag. 33
Eng. bot. 87
&#'at,
CO

is alone sufficient to dis.
Astereae are chiefly characterized by their style, which, in its most complete state,
tinguish them from every other tribe. They are found in every part of the world, but especially in North
-
America and Africa.
1740. Solidago. From solidari, to unite, on account of the vulnerary
ualities of the plants. The species
are all autumnal coarse-looking herbaceous plants with yellow flowers; n the shrubbery they make a pretty
ORDER II.
--
--
--
SYNGENES1A SUPERFLUA.
711
12019.Lvs. subamplexicaul. broad-lanc. subserrate smooth, Stem glabrous, Scales of invol. shorter than disk
12020 Lvs. subamplexic.: upper lanc. acumi. entire; lower lanc. narrowed at base serrated, Branchlets virgate
12021 Lvs. subamplexicaul. remote obl. entire lucid : radic subserrated, Invol. imbr. with cuneiform leaflets
12022 Lvs. subamplexicaul. lanc. lower subserrate smooth, Stem simple panicled at end, Invol. closely imbricated
12023 Lvs. amplexicaul. lanc. serrate roughish, Branches panicled, invol. lax longer than disk
12024 Lvs. obl.lanc. scabrous ciliated: lower ovate, Stem hi-pid, Branches 1-headed, Scales of invol. obl. imbr.
12025 Lvs. subamplexicaul. lanc.: lower serrated, Stem smooth, Branches corymbose
12026 Lvs. subamplexicaul. lanc. glabrous scabrous at edge: lower subserrated, Branches divided
12027 Lvs. amplexicaul. narr lanc. scabr. above lower subserr. Stem much branched, Invol. with spread. scales
1228 Lvs. lanc. roughish somewhat amplexicaul.: lower serrate in the middle, Scales of invol. lax leafy
12029 Lvs. obl.lanc. acuminate sessile smooth scabrous at edge: lower serrated, Branches corymbose smooth
12030 Lvs. sessile serrated smooth spatulate-lanc. narrowed at base and bent down towards each side
12031 Lvs. subamplexic. obl.lanc. acuminate serrated smooth, Stem pyramidal, Racemes scarcely longer than Ivs.
12032 Lvs. ov. coarsely toothed stalked: cauline sessile cuneate at base, Stem hispid, Branches with single heads
12033 Lvs. broad lanc. narrow at base entire with a very long point, Stem simp. flexuose angul. Panic corymb.
120-34 Lvs. obl. 3-nerved narrowed at base acute: upper sess nearly entire; lower stalked serrated, Stem corymb.
12035 Lvs. lanc. serrate acuminate rugose very

Stem erect angular simple
12036 Lvs. sess. narrow lanc. serrated scabrous, Stem 1 or few-headed
12037 Lvs. lanc. sess serr. smooth, Branches virgate, Invol. imbricated, Stem round smooth
12038 Lvs. sess narrow lanc.: lower serrated in middle, Stem branched smooth recurved, invol. lax imbricated
1239 Lvs. lin. lanc. acumin. scabrous at edge: lower subserrated, Stem panicled, Branches i-headed
12040 Lvs. lin. lanc. acumin scabrous at edge: lower subserrated, cauline reflexed, Stem lax panicled
12041 Lvs. lanc. acum. scabrous at edge: cauline serrated at end; those of the branches entire, Stem
icled
12042 Lvs. lin. entire: radic. obl subserrated, Stem much branched downy, Invol. loosely imbricat
12043 Lvs. lanc. lin. sessile smooth: lower subserrate, Stem panicled smooth, Invol. imbricated
12044 Lvs. lin. lanc. sessile entire smooth: lower lanc. subserrate, Stem branched diffuse smoothish
12045 Lvs. lin. acuminate entire: lower lin, lanc. subserrate, Branches corymbose, Invol. imbricated
12046 Lvs. lin. acuminate entire: radical obl. serr. Blanches in corymbose panicles, invol. imbricated
12047 Lvs. sess. lanc. serrated smooth, Invol. imbricated: leaflets acute, Stem rather villous
12048 Lvs. ellipt.-lanc. serrated smooth: cauline lan.-lanc. long, Branches spreading, Invol. imbr. Stem pubesc.
12049 Lvs. ellipt.-lanc. serrated smooth even-sized, Branches spreading, Invol. imbricated, Stem pubescent
12050 I-vs. ellipt.-lanc. serr. smooth: those of the branches distant, Branches much spreading pendulous
12051 Stem 1-fl. Lvs. ovate sessile scabrous, Scales of invol. nearly equal linear
12052 Lvs. lin. lanc. entire blunt mucronate 3-nerved at base veiny, Stem simple corymbose downy
12053 Lvs. filiform aculeate ciliate, Invol. hemispherical, Leaflets equal
12054 Stem glabr. corymb. Lvs. lin.-lanc. fleshy obscurely 3-nerv. Scales of invol. lanc. membran, obt. imbricated
12055 Leaves lanc. subamplexicaul. serrate
scabrous, Invol. lax: leafl. lanc. acuminate foliaceous hispid
12056 Leaves scabr.: caul. obl.lanc. acute; radical obl. stalked, Scales of invol. obl. cuneate blunt subsquarrose
12057 Leaves sessile obl.lanc. serrate: floral ciliated, Stem branched glabrous, Invol. closely imbricated
12058 Lvs. obl.lanc. serrat. narrow. at base, Stem hairy, Inv. imbric. nearly equal, Outer scales somew.spreading
*** Leaves cordate and ovate, serrate.
12059 Leaves obl. cordate amplexicaul. entire, Petioles winged, Stem panicled hispid, Branchlets 1-sided
12060 Leaves ovate-lanc. subserrated stalked smooth, Petioles naked, Stem much branched smooth, invol. lax
12061 Leaves cordate pilose beneath finely serrated stalked, Stem panicied smoothish, Panicle spreadin
12062 Leaves ov. finely serrated acum. smoothish: lower cord. stalked, Branches hairy, Scales of invol. blunt
12063 Leaves ovate stalked serrated scabrous: upper ovate cordate sessile, Stem branched diffuse, Scales acute
12064 Leaves smooth: cauline ovate subcord. acuminate deeply serrated entire at end, Stem panicled smooth
1206.5 Leaves ovate narrowed at base entire about 5-nerved, invol. lax squarrose, Ray very fine
$ 1. Racemes 1-sided, Leaves 3-nerved.

[exceeding disk
12066 Stem downy, Lvs. lanc. serrat. triple-ribb. rough, Clusters copious panicl, unilateral recurv. Radius hardly
2067 Leaves obl. $nerved subserrated, Racemes 1-sided, Ligulae middling, Stem smooth, Peduncles downy
12068 Stem villous erect, Lvs. lanc. serrated triple-ribbed rough villous beneath, Clusters spiked erect drooping
before flowering, Radius short
12069 Stem erect round very smooth, Leaves lin.-lanceol. smooth triple-ribbed serrated rough-edged, Clusters
panicled unilateral, Stalks downy
12070 Stem erect smooth, fvs. lanc smooth serrated rough edged obscurely triple-ribbed, Clusters paniculated
unilateral, Stalks hairy, Radius short
12071 Stem erect smooth, Leaves lanc. somewhat triple-ribbed smooth rough-edged slightly serrated, Clusters
panicled unilateral, Stalks smooth, Bract fringed, Radius short
19072 Stem erect vill. Lvs. lanc. somew.serrat. triple-ribbed rough reflexed, Clusters panicled slightly unilateral
1273 Stem erect rather hairy, Lvs. lanc. obscurely triple-ribbed smooth rough edged: the lower ones slightly
serrated, Clusters panicled unilateral somewhat recurved
12026
appearance among other coarse things, but there is not one of them which is worth a place in a choice collec
tion of ornamental plants. The leaves of the Solidago odora have a delightfully fragrant odor, partaking of
that of anise and Sassafras, but different from either. When subjected to distillation, a volatile oil, possess
ing the taste and aroma of the plant in a high degree, collects in the receiver. This oil apparently has its
residence in the transparent cells which constitute the dotting of the leaves. The effects of the S. odora are
Zz 4
"12
12074 fispera W.
rough-leaved
12075 altssima Ph.
tall
12076 rugsa Ph.

12077 villsa Ph.
sy. A pr:3 s
Sy a pre au.s
wrinkle-leaved St. A pr:3 au.s
N. Amer. 1732. D co
Dilelt.305.f392
Y
Y
N. Amer. 1686.
N. Amer. 1732.
D co
D co
Mart cent. 14
DiLelt.308.f.396
Y
Y
N. Amer. 1732,
D co
N. Amer. 1811. D ce.
Y
Y
N. Amer. 1769,
N. Amer, 1805.
D co
D co
D co
woolly-stalked
spreading
Sy. A
A
A
A
12081 ulmiflia W.
Elm-leaved
sy. A pr2 au.o
N. Amer. 1805.
12082 argta W.
sharp-notched Y. A pra jl.au
N. Amer. 1758, D co
12083.jncea W.
12084 elliptica W.
Rush-stalked
oval-leaved
recurved
Y
Y
N. Amer. 1769. D co
12078 scbra W.
12079 memorlis W.
12080 ptula W.
villous
scabrous
au.s
aus
s.n
so
jlau
12088 pauciflsculsa Ph. slender-flower. Y. A pr2 au.o
N. Amer. 1811. D co
N. Amer. 1759. D co
N. Amer. 1758.
N. Amer. 1758.
12085 recurvta W. en
12087 odra W.
evergreen
sweet-smelling
a
A
A
A
a
pr2 au.s
prS au.s
prlis
pr2 s.o
CLAss XIX.
pr2
pr:3
pr2
prS
pro
N. Amer. 1759.
D co
N. Amer.
D co
...
N. Amer. 1699.
N. Amer. 1699.
D co
D co
Cor.canad. t. 159
Pluk.al. t.lib.f.6
12089 bicolor W.
two-colored
12090 petiolris W.
Y
Y
$12092 lanceolta Ph.
late-flowered Y. A prA. o.d

Willow-leaved V. A prS s
Grass-leaved sy. A prS o
N. Amer. 1758. D co
$12093 tenuifolia Ph.
slender-leaved sy. A pr2 so
N. Amer. 1758.
12094 caesia W.
Maryland
Sy. A pr2 so
N. Amer. 1732. D co Dil.el.t.307.f.395
12095 livida Jy, en.

12096 hirta W en.
livid
Sy Apr
hairy
St. A pr2 so
Y
Y
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
N. Amer. 1811. D co
N. Amer. 1699. D co
12091 stricta jy.
sy. A pr2 au.s
Y
Y
2 so
120.7 lithospermifolia Ph. Gromwell-lvd. Y. A pr2 au.o
12098 laevigta W.
fleshy-leaved
A pro o.n
...
...
Pluk.al. t. 114.f.8
D co
D co
Bot. mag. 2546
D co
D co
D co
12099 mexicna W.
Mexican
Sy Apr
6 jl.o
N. Amer. 1683. D co
12100 viminea Jy.
twiggy
Sy Apr
3 s
N. Amer. 1759. D co
12101 ercta Ph.
upright
3. A pr:3 au.o
12102 macrophylla Ph.
large-leaved
# ZN prS au.o
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
12103 flexicalis W.
12104 latiflia
crook-stalked St. A pr2 s
N. Amer. 1725. D co
Herm parad.244
broad-leaved
N. Amer. 1725.
Pluk.al. t.235.f4
St. A pr1; s
12105 ambigua W.
angular-stalkedy Apr
12106 axillris Ph.
axillary
12107 Virgarea W.
Conninon
12108 cambrica W.
Welsh
12109 multiradita W.
Labrador
12110 minta W.
12111 h(imilis Ph.
least
dwarf
12112 elta Ph.
tall-hairy
12113 rigida W.
hard-leaved
D co
2 jl.au
Y
Y
N. Amer. 1811.
Britain
#Y A prT#jlau
Y
Y
Wales
...
Labrador 1776.
Pyrenees 1772. D co Bot. cab. 189
A prl jlau
A pro au.o
A pro s
Y
Y
. Amer. 1811. D co
N. Amer. 1811. D co
N. Amer. 1710. D co Herm-parad 243
"1741. CINERA'RIA. W. CINERARIA.

12114 geiflia W.
Kidney-leaved re-u_j or
12115 canscens Wendl hoary
*... u_j or
parviflora H. K.
12116 aurita W.
D co
D co
pr2 au.o
pr2 jls
prijl.au
pri jl.au
A
A
A
A
"role-flower'd n. Ll or
Compositae.
2 ap.au Y
2 ap.au Y
14.jn.jl
Pu
......
...
...
Dodar.ac.4t.219
Sp. 31-72.
1759. D co
D co
woods. D co
D co
Eng. bot. 301

Dil.elt.306.f393
ID co
g G. H.
1710. C. p.1 Com.hort.2 t 73
C. G. H.
1790. C p.1 Bot mag. 1990
Madeira 1777. C 1-p Bot mag. 1786
the taste, gently stimulant, diaphoretic, and carminative. An essence made by dissolving
: in to
proof spirit, is used in the eastern states as a remedy in complaints arising from flatulence,
* Vehicle for unpleasant medicines of various kinds. It has been employed successfully to allay vomit
ORDER II.
* 2 Pacemes 1-sided
*71s
leaves nor 3-merred.
12074 Stem erect round hairy, Lvs. ov, rather ellipt very rough rugged serrated without lateral ribs, Clusters
panicled unilateral
12075 Stem erect hairy, Lvs. lanc. the lower ones deeply serrated very rough ru
, Panicles unilateral
12076 Stem erect hairy, Lvs. ovate-lanc: the lower ones closely serrated , rough, Clusters panicled
compound widely spreading unilateral
12077 Stem erect will. Lys lanc. rather soft serrated without lateral ribs, Clusters panicled unilateral
1278 Stem erect hairy, Lvs. oblong pointed smooth above rugged and rough beneath, Clusters unilateral
120.79stem erect downy, Stemlvs.lanc. hisp. ent : radic ones somew, wedge-shap.serrat. Clust. panic unilateral
12080 Stem erect smooth angular, Lvs. ellipt serrated smooth: the radic, ones oblaspatulate, Clusters panicled
unilateral spreading, Pedunc downy
12081 Stem erect striated smooth, Lvs. ellipt pointed deeply serrated will beneath: radicalones obovate, Clusters
panicled unilateral, Pedunc villous, Rays short
1*Stem erect smooth, Lvs. smooth sharply and unequally serr.; those of the stem ellipt., radical ones ovate
obl. Clusters panicled unilateral, Rays clongate
1208 Stem erect smooth, Lvs. lanc smooth rough-edged: the lower ones serrated, Clusters panicled unilateral
*Stem erect smooth, Lvs. ellipt, smooth serrated, Clusters panicled unilateral, Rays of a middling length
120838tem erect downy, Lvs. lanc serrated rough edged, Clusters elongated unilateral recurved panicled ".
io stem erect mth iv.in lanc rather fleshy smth, entire rough-edg. Clust. panic. unilateral, Ped, roughish
12087 Stem erect striated downy, Lvs. lin-lanc. entire smoothrough-edged, Clust panic. unilateral nearly simple
* 3: Racemes erect.
12088 Smooth somewhat shrubby, Lvs. lanc. obtuse without ribs, Panicle compound many-fi, tuft of flowers
erect, Invol. narr-oblong with 5 for in the disk and 1 in the radius
12089.stem hairy, Lvs. ellipt. hairy: the lower ones serr.; those on the fl-branches entire numerous and small,
Clusters erect, Scales of invol. obtuse
12090 Stem erect villous, Lvs. ellipt roughish stalked, Clusters erect, Rays twice the length of the invol.
1291 stem erectsmth. Stem-lvs. lanc. entire smth rough-edg: ; radic ones serrat Clust panic, erect, Ped, smth.
12092 Stem smooth-furrowed much branched, Lvs. almost lin, ent roughish nearly erect with 3 or 5 rough ribs,
Rays not longer than the disk
12093 Stem rough angular branch, corymb. Lvs. spread lin, very narr slightly 3-ribb, rough with axilla tufts of
smaller ones, Rays scarcely exceeding the disk
Stem nearly erect very smooth and even, Lvs. lanc. smooth with roughish edges and ribs, Clusters erect,
Rays rather longer than the disk

1*5 Stem smooth panic Lvs. lanc. serrat smth, rough-edged, Branches racemoseat the extremity, Rays elong.
1* stem panic hairy, Lvs. lanc. rough on both sides: those of the stem serrat. , of the branches ent Clusters
erect, Rays elongated
12007 stem branch downy, Lvs.lanc. rough on both sides tapering 3-ribb entire, Clusters erect, Rays elongated
1*Stern erect smth. Lys lanc. fleshy entire smooth in every part, Clusters panic. erect, Pedunc. scaly hairy,
Radius twice the length of invol.
12009 Stem oblique smooth, Lvs. lanc. somew, fleshy entire smooth in every part, Clusters panic, erect, Pedunc.
scaly smooth, Rays longer than invol.
12100 stem erect slightly downy, Lvs. lin lanc smooth rough-edged tapering at the base: the lower ones somew,
serrated, Clusters erect, Rays elongated
12101 Stem rather vill. Lvs. lanc. veiny smooth entire somewhat stalked
12102 Lower Ivs. ov, pointed taper, unequally and serr, smooth; those of the stem lanc tapering at each
end serr, nearly sess.
'' axill, stalked leafy the length of the leaves
12103 Stem zig-zag roundish smooth, Lvs. lanc, pointed serrated smooth nearly sess Clust axill erect
12104 stem somew zig-zag angular smooth, Lvs. ovate pointed strongly serrated smooth: tapering into a winged
footstalk, Clusters axillary erect
12105 Stem slightly zig-zag smooth angul, branch. Lvs. ov.-lanc. pointed densely serrated rather hairy beneath
tapering into a wing footstalk: upper ones ent Clust axill. erect the upper ones much long than the 1vs.
12106 Stem smooth round erect, Lvs. lanc. serr, glabrous, Racemes axill subglobose erect, Rays long
12107 Cauline leaves lanc. : the lower ones ellipt. Racemes panicled erect crowded
12108 Stem quite simple downy, Lvs. cuneiform lanc downy, Racemes erect, Rays long
12109 Stem a little villous, Lvs. sessile lanc smooth ciliated: lower serrated at end, Rays long numerous
12110 Stem quite simple pilose, Lys lanc. acute serrated smooth, Racemeterm simple erect, Rays long
12111 Stem simple erect smooth, Lvs. lanc. serrated smooth tapering and elongated at the base, Clusters erect
12112 Stem hairy round, Lvs. lanc. rather hairy beneath, Clusters erect, Rays elongated
12113 Lvs. ov-obl. rough like the corymbose stem with minute rigid hairs: the lowermost serrat; upper entire,
[Clusters compact, Rays twice the length of the obtuse calyx
12114 Pedunc. branched, Lvs. reniform narrowed somewhat lobed
downy,
Petiolesauricled at end
12115 Pedunc. branched, Lvs. cordate 5-lobed toothed woolly, Petioles with appendages, Ray 3-flowered
12116 Heads corymbose, Lvs. cordate somewhat angular downy beneath, Petiolesauricled at base
\ 12107-2-k
12110-3:2,
a's.
2.
,
-
---
".
ing, and to relieve spasmodic pains in the chest of a milder kind. The leaves are also used in some parts of
United States as an agreeable substitute for tea. (Bigelow.)
1741. Cineraria. From cineres, ashes, in reference to the soft white down which clothes the lower, and
-
:*14
12117 lctea W en.
12118 crunta W.
12119 hybrida W.en.
12120 populiflia H. K.
12121 lobta W.
12122 malvaeflia W.
12193 Petasites B. M.
12124 discolor W.
12125 eltior Bouch
12126 parviflra Bieb.

12127 americana W.
12128 bicolor L.
12129 specisa Schrad.

12130 sibirica W.
12131 giganta H. K.
$12132 glauca W.
12133 pal(istris W.
12134 campestris W.
integriflia E. B.
12135 longiflia W.
milk-colored
ri. LJ or
* L-J or
ybrid
*-u-J or
Poplar-leaved a u_J or
lobed
* Ljor
Mallow-leaved a u-jor
Butter-bur-lvd. n. u_Jor
white-leaved at D or
tall
y: L-J or
small-flowered Sy an or
American
* D or
two-colored
*-u-J or
shewy
St A or
Siberian
St A or
gigantic
A or
glaucous-leav'd St A or
#level
marsh
mountain
sw A or
3. A or
long-leaved
A or
12136 cordiflia W.
heart-leaved
A or
12137 alpina W.
Alpine
Sea Ragwort
12138 maritima W.
12139 canadnsis W.
$12140 liniflia W.
12141 humifusa JV.
12142 viscsa W.
12143 lanta W.
$12144 amelloides W.
742. CALO/TIS. R. Br.
12145 cuneifolia R.Br.
A or
ri L or
Sy A or
Flax-leaved
EU or
trailing
y u\] or
clammy
ift (O) or
woolly
* Ll or
blue-flowered n. Lior
Canadian
Calotis.
wedge-leaved ic la pr
1743. KAULFUS'SIA. Nees. KAUlfussia.
12146 amelloides Nees.
Cape Aster-likey Lal pr
*1744. I'NULA. W.
$12147 Helnium W.
jn.jl
fmy
fmy
jn.s
jn.au
Canaries
C. G. H.
Azores
Mexico
Jamaica
au
fd
jl.au
jlau
jl.au
--
Austrian
12158 hirta W.
12159 suavolens W.
hairy
woolly-leaved
12160 Vaillntii W.
12161 mllis Bernhardi
Vaillant's
soft
12162 odra W.
fragrant
12163 marina W.
American
German
sword-leaved
A or
A or
A or
A or
A or
p.l Vent. malm. 100

p.l
1780.
1774.
1777.
1812.
1804.
F:
-p
#
l.p
p.l
Cape Horn 1801.

Siberia
Siberia
Siberia
2 jn.au
2 jLau
2 jn.au
2 jls
2 jn.au
2 jn.au
* jl.au
2 jn.au
3 mys
1815.
1784.
Bot. reg. 812

Bot mag. 1869
Co
Exot-bot. 2, t_fis
Gmel. sib. 2. t.74
England mar.
England ch.pa.
Dn.s
Co
Eng, bot. 151

Eng bot. 159
Austria
Austria
Austria
co
Co
Co
Jac. aust.2 t 181

Jac. aust 2 t. 175
Jac. aust.2. t.177
Lob ic, t.327, f2
1790.
1792.
1739.
1683.
S. Europe 1633.
l.p
Canada
1739.
C. G. H.
C. G. H. 1704.
C. G. H. 1774.
Canaries 1780.
CO
C. G. H. 1753.
1; fs
Com
tae.| Sp. 1-2.
. Holl. 1819.
1 myjn B
Co
itae. Sp. 1.
C. G. H. 1819.
1 jl.au B
Sp. 25-37.
ritain m. me.
Austria
1759.
Bot. mag. 1536
-p
Co
co
Co
Co
Bot mag. 406
p.
Caucasus 1820.
Grenada 1825.
jl.au
jl.au
jn.au
jl.au
jn.jl
jn.jl
* myjn
12149 britnnica W.
12150 undulta Jy.
12151 indica W.
12157 Bubnium W.
l.p
1816.
Canaries 1777.
INULA.
Elecampane
A or
12148 Oculus-Christi W. hoary
A or
creeping-rooted: A or
wave-leaved
O or
Indian
[O] or
net-leaved
SY A or
12152 squarrsa W.
12153 viscsa W.
clammy
w: Lajor
12154 tubersa P. S.
tuberous-rooted: A or
Erigeron tubersum W.
1215.5 salicina W.
Willow-leaved A or
12156 glandulsa W.
glandular
A or
CLAss XIX.
Germany 1759.
Egypt
1739.
E Indies 1739.
Italy
1768.
S. Europe 1596.
S. Europe 1640.
N. Europe 1648.
Georgia 1804.
Austria 1801.
Austria 1759.
l.p
p.l
p.l
p.1
p.l
Jac.schor.3t 308
co
Bot reg. 504
Co
Bot reg. 490
Co
co
Co
Co
co
Co
Eng. bot. 1546

Jac. aust.5 t 223
Jafrag.12t.7.fe
Bot mag. 53
Bot mag. 249
Fl. dan. t.413
Burzeylt-55.f.2
Plu.alm. t. 16.f.1
p.l Jac.vind. 2. t. 165
Mors.7.t. 19.f.20
CO
D
D
D
D
co
co
co
co
Fl. dan. t. 786
Bot. mag. 1907

Jac.aus.5.apt.19
Jac. aust 4. t.358
S. Europe 1758. ID co Jac. vind. 3. t. 51

France
-
1739. D co
...
D co
Samphire-leav. S. Z\ or
S. Europe 1821. D co M.h.3s 7.t.21.f6

N. Amer. 1742. D co Mill.ic.l. t.37. f.1
Germany 1759. D co Jac. aust 2. t. 134
Austria
1793. D co Jac. aust 2 t-162
England salm. D co Eng: bot. 68
12167 provincilis W.
oval-leaved
France
12168 montna W.
mountain
12164 germnica W.
12165 ensiflia W.
12166 crithmifolia J.W.
A or
A or
A or
A or
# AA oror
1778.
S. Europe 1759
D co
D co Garid. aix. t. 10
12134
often the
':
surface of the leaves.
C. discolor, populifolia, &c. are popular half-shrubby plants,
well
calculated or bearing the confined air of a sitting room. Most of the hardy herbaceous species are fine
ornamental plants of eas culture. C. lanata and amelloides flower the greater part of the year; the former
ies is considered the #andsomest of the genus; its petals exteriorly are of a most vivid turple, interiorly
t ey are white.
1342. Calotis. The name has been derived from zaxer beautiful, and we arres, an ear, in allusion to the two
*mbranous
ear-shaped paleae of the pappus. A pretty little New Holland herbaceous plant.
1743. Ra ussia.
Named after Dr. George Frederick Kaulfuss, professor of botany at Halle, a distin
mic botanist. A small plant with bright blue flowers.
1744. Inada.
rivation of this word is uncertain.
e Latins applied it to a plant which was caten as
-
su:a:
'':
ORDER II.
12117
12118
12119
12120
-- -- - --
715
Lvs. cordate angular downy beneath, Corymbs terminal panicled, Scales of invol. recurved at end
Heads corymbose, Lvs. cordate angular toothed purple beneath, Petioles winged auricled at base
Pedunc. about 1-headed, Branches corymb. Lvs. cord angular toothed downy beneath, Petioles winged
Heads corymbose, Lvs. cordate subangular downy beneath, Petioles with many append
at end
12121 Heads subcorymbose, Lvs. roundish many-lobed smooth, Petioles auricled at base, Invol. calyculate
12122 Heads cymose, Lvs. cordate angular downy beneath, Petioles simple
12123 Leaves large round lobed downy and green on each side
12124 Heads corymbose, Leaves oblong lanc. acuminate toothletted smooth white beneath
12125 Lvs. cord.subangular smooth above downy beneath, Petioles with an appendage at top, Heads corymb.
12126 Stem simple, Heads panicled, Lvs. smooth tooth. : lower deltoid stalked: upper obl.lanc. amplexicaul.
12127 Panicles axillary, Lvs. alternate stalked broad lanc. serrated smooth above hoary beneath
[above
12128 Heads corymb. Invol. hoary pubesc, Lvs. obl. pinnatif at base: segm, somew, toothed shining and smooth
12129 Raceme simple, Lvs. reniform toothletted, Petiole inflat. Stem simple leafy, Bractes in the midd. of stalk
12120 Raceme simple, Lvs. cordate blunt toothletted smooth, Stem simple 1-leaved
12131 Heads corymb. Lvs. cauline ov. acute finely serrated downy beneath: petioles winged at base; radic cord.
12132 Raceme simple, Lvs. spatulate cordate entire smooth, Stem simple
12133 Heads corymbose, Lvs. broad lanc. tooth-sinuated, Stem villous
12134 Heads umbellate, Stem simple, Lvs. downy: radical ovate subcrenulate; cauline lanc. entire
12135 Heads in corymbose umbels, Stem simple, Lvs. somewhat toothed: radic spatulate; caul. obl lanc.
12136 Panicle few-headed, Stem simple, Lvs. all stalked cordate doubly toothed, Petioles toothed at base
12137 Heads corymbose i.vs. pinnated: term. pinnae large cordate cut-toothed; lateral cuneate toothed at cnd
12138 Heads panicled, invol owny, Lvs. pinnatifid: segments blunt about 3-lobed downy beneath
12139 Heads panicled, Lvs. pinnatifid subvillous: segments sinuated, Stem herbaceous
12140 Pedunc. 1-headed axillary, Lvs. linear subulate glabrous, Stem shrubby
12141 Pedunc. 1-headed, Lvs. reniform somewhat angular, Petioles auricled at end or naked
12142 Pedunc. 1-headed, Lvs. pinnatifid lobed acute viscid fleshy

12143 Pedunc. 1-headed, Lvs. cordate roundish with 7 angles woolly beneath
12144 Pedunc. 1-headed, Lvs. opposite ovate naked
12145 Leaves cuneate cut-toothed at end

12147 Lvs. amplexic, somewhat toothed ovate rugged downy beneath, Scales of the involucre downy
12148 Leaves amplexic. oblong entire hirsute, Stem pilose corymbose
19149 Leaves amplexic lanc. serrated at base pilose beneath, Stem corymbose villous
12150 Leaves amplexic cordate lanceolate wavy
12151 Leaves amplexic cordate lanc. quite smooth serrated, Stem corymbose smooth, Pedunc. 1-headed filiform
12152 Leaves oval rigid sessile serrulate scabrous netted, Scales of invol. ovate reflexed
#133 Leaves sessile reflexed at base lanc. serrated, Stem downy clammy, Peduncles axillary leafy
12154 Leaves sessile lanc-lin. Stem pilose branched, Branches spreading 1-headed, Root tuberous
19155 Leaves lanc. recurved serrate scabrous, Branches angular, Lower heads tallest
1:156 Lvs. sess obl. obsoletely serrated: serratures glandular, Stem hairy 1-headed, Scales of invol. lanc. Yillous
12157 Lvs. sess obl with cartilaginous teeth scabrous rigid, Stem corymbose, Scales of invol. blunt squarrose
13158 Lvs. sessile lanc bluntly serrated rigid pilose, Stem villous 1-headed, Scales of invol. lanceolate
12159 Leaves ellipt narrowed at base stalked pilose: lower toothed, Stem many-flowered
13160 Leaves sessile oblong lanc. serrated downy beneath, Heads stalked about 4 in terminal umbels
12161 Leaves lanc. acute serrulate hairy, Lvs. of invol. lanc. hairy outer reflexed
12162 Leaves amplexicaul. toothed very hairy: radical ovate; cauline lanceolate
13163 Leaves sessile oblong lanc. attenuated at base obtuse entire mucronate with a gland, Pedunc. fi if viscid
12164 Leaves sessile obl acute entire scabrous, Stem branched at top, Heads corymbose
1$165 Leaves sessile lin. acuminate nerved smooth scattered, Stem about 1-headed
12166 Leaves linear fleshy generally 3-pointed
12167 Leaves subserrate downy beneath: radical stalked ovate, Stem erect 1-flowered
12108 Leaves lanc. hirsute entire, Stem 1-headed, Invol. short imbricated
12145
12151
12147
a preserve with sugar. Inulea in many respects resemble Anthemideae, Senecioner, and Nassauvieae,
*pecially in their style; but they are perfectly well characterized by the peculiarities of their ovarium, pappus
stamens, and corolla. They are also related to Carlineae. They are found in every part of the world, and
ally
in southern Africa; almost all the Compositae of the southern latitudes being referable to
em.
I. Helenium, called Elecampane, from the officinal name Enula campana, is one of the largest of British
herbaceous plants. It was formerly esteemed a tonic, and is still retained in the Materia Medica, though little
#ed.
Bruised and macerated in wine, with balls of ashes and whortle berries, it dyes a blue color.
The young branches of I. Crithmifolia are frequently sold in the London markets for samphire, to which they
*ar some resemblance in appearance, but none in virtues.
716
12169 bifrons W.
12170 saturejoides W.
12171 foetida W.
# & or
Italian
Savory-leaved
stinking
13 jn.au
...
or
O or
2 jn.au
Y
Y
S. Europe 1713. D co Herm part.127

Vera Cruz 1733. C 1.p Rel. Hous.8 t-19
1688. S co Boc. sic. 26. t. i3
Malta
Compositar.
O w 1 au.s
Y
A pr. 1" aus
Y
12174 dysentrica Link, meadow
3% a un 2 au.s
Y
t1746. GRINDE LIA. W.en. Gaisdella.
Compositae.
12175 glutinsa H. K.
lutinous
* L or 2 ja.d
Y
12176 inuloides JV en.
nula-like
*... u_j or 13 jn.s
Y
12177 squarrsa Ph.
Snake's-headed if u/\] or 2 jl.s
Y
12178 angustifolia Kunth. narrow-leaved a LA, or 1.jl.s
Y
12179 cilita Nutt.
ciliated
Sy O or 14.jls
Y
t1747. PODOLE PIS. H. K. Popolepis.

12180 rugta H. K.
wrinkle-scaled ual or
12181 acuminta H. K.
sharp-scaled
a law or
*: 2.
1745. PULICARIA. Gaertn.
PulicAria.
12172 vulgris Gaertn.
Small Fleawort
12173 arbica Link.
Arabian
Compositae.
jl.au
W
my.au W
$12186 Bellidistrum W.
12187 glacilis W.
ARNicA.
mountain
alternate-leav.
A or
a or
Alpine
Daisy-leaved
A or
A or
ice
A or
1750. GERBERIA. Burm. GerhealA.

12188 crenta Lindl.
crenated
Y:
Composite.
1.jl.au Y
jl.au Y
jl.au Y
'
jn.au
1 jn.au
W
Y
Compositae.
Ol prijl.au
Pu
ngland moi.h. S. co
#Mexico
5-7.
1803. C 1-p Bot reg. 187
Mexico. 1815. C. l.p Bot reg. 248.

Missouri 1811. D lp Bot mag. 1706
Mexico
1822. D lp Bot reg. 781.
N. Amer. 1821. D lp
1822.
*: 5-34.
Curope
Austria
Austria
1731. D p.1 Bot. mag. 1749

1710. D p.l Bot. cab. 913
1816. D Lp Jac. aust 1. t. 92
Austria. 1570. D. p.
1822. D p.1 Bot reg.855
#ritain
6-11.
m-pas.
1 in.au w
Siberia
1 jn.au
2 my
Caucasus 1815. D 1.p

1219.4 plantagineum W.
t1752. PERDIcluM. H. K. Pendlcium.

12195 Anndria H. K.
Siberian
Sy. A un
Y
Y
Compositae.
#mr
Bot mag. 1196
Switzerl. 1823. D. p.l Jacq. ic.t. 586

Sp. 1-2.
C. G. H.
A or
A or
Plantain-leav'd St A or
Bot mag. 956
D co
Composite.
3 my
Y
3 apjn Y
ap.jn Y
Siberian
oriental
Hook. ex fl. 45
S. Holl, 1803. C s-p Labno.h.2t28

N. S. W. 1803. C s-p
f1751. DORO'NICUM. W. LeoPARD's-BANE.

12189 Pardalinches W. great
A or
12190 scorpioides W.
mountain
a or
12191 austriacum W.
Austrian
A or
12.192 alticum W.
12193 orientle W.en.
Eng.: bot. 1196
Arabia, 1823, D co Pluk.al. t. 149 f*

England wat.pl. D co Eng bot. 1115
1748. CHAETANTHERA. F. per. CHAETANTHERA. Compositae. Sp. 1-2.

12182 cilita F. per.
ciliated
r: Lal or 2 jl.au
Chili
*1749. AR'NICA. W.
12183 montna W.
12184 scorpioides W.
12185 Dornicum W.
CLAss XIX.
D co Eng. bot 630
Germany ...
D co
Austria 1816. D co
Jac. aust. t. 130
1783. D. s.l P.ac.p.1779. t16
Sp. 1-12.
Siberia
1759. D co
Gm-sib2.t-68.f.1
1753. TETRAGONOTHE CA. W. TETRAGoNotheca. Compositae. Sp. 1.

12196 helianthoides W. Sunflower-like Y. A or 4 au.o Y
Virginia 1726. D p.1 Sch, han.3. t.363
f 1754. XIMENE'SIA. W. xivenesiA.
Composite. Sp. 1.
12197 encelioides W.
Mexican
x LA, or 3 jn.n
Y
Mexico 1795. S lp Cav.ic. 2. t. 178
-
t1755. HELE/NIUM. W.
HELENIUM.
12198 autumnle W.
smooth
12199 pubscens W.
downy
A or
A or
12200 quadridenttum W. wing stalked

12201 quadripartitum Link.four-parted
Y AI or
St A or
Composite.
3 au.o Y
3 au.s
Y
3 myo
3 my..o
Sp. 4-8.
#. Amer. 1729.
D plSch. han.S. t.250
N. Amer. 1776. D
Louisiana 1790. D Lp Bot reg. 598
...... 1823. D 1.p
-
* Yr-12177
'12183.
1745. Pulicaria. So named in allusion to its property of driving away fleas, pulices, see Conya P.
dysenterica has its specific name from having cured certain Russian soldiers of the bloody flux. It is
called by our old authors middle flea-bane, and was supposed by its smoke in burning to chase away feas
and other insects. Forskahi says, it is named in Arabic Rara cjub, or Job's tears, from a notion that Job
used a decoction of this herb to cure his ulcers of course it was formerly recommended to cure the
itch.
P. vulgaris is also said to drive away fleas and gnats.
1746. Grindelia. A handsome genus of herbaceous plants, with neat foliage, and pretty yellow flowers.
They are sometimes called Donia.
#.
*
Podolepis. From rus, a foot, and xians, a scale.
The stalks of the flowers are covered with
scales.
Chaetanthera. From zara, hair, and 2.9%a, an anther, the anther being furnished with a hairy
of ptarmica, derived from *raa, to sneeze. The Arnics
*tana is a powerful sternutatory; in the Vosges it is even called tabacon that account. The whole plant
has important medicinal properties; it is fortifying, diuretic, emmenagogue, vulnerary, antiseptic, resolvative,
and The root powdered is employed in diarrhoea, dysentery, and quartan fevers; it is also
*pplied outwardly to bad ulcers, and in cases of gangrene. The flour is used in asthenia, rheumatic pains,
1749. Arnica. This is said to be a
------" "
__-
ORDER II.
SYNGENESIA SUPERFI.U.A.
717
12169 Leaves ovate-oblong decurrent toothed entire at end, Flowers corymbose clustered
12170 Leaves sessile opp. linear lanc. entire dotted beneath, Pedunc. long 1-headed
12171 Leaves lanceolate linear entire, Corymbs branched, Rays of flowers very short
12172 Leaves amplexicaul. oblong wavy villous, Stem erect panicled, Pedunc. 1-fl. opposite the leaves
12173 Leaves oblong sessile, Pedunc. filiform, invol. cylindrical
12174 Leaves oblongo-cordate amplexic. rugged downy, Stem woolly panicled, Scales of involucre setaceous
12175 Leaves ovate-obl. serrated, Involucres viscid
12176 Leaves sessile obl.lanceolate acute serrated at end not viscid
1zi"7 Leaves obl. amplexicaul. serrated, Scales of involucre filiform at end revolute squarrose
12178 Stems simple,
wer leaves spatulate: upper linear-ollong serrated 1-nerved
12179 Leaves
blunt half-amplexicaul. ciliate serrated, Leaves of invol. linear flat bristic-pointed
12180 Scales of invol. rugose blunt, Stem quite simple

12181 Scales of invol. equal ovate acuminate, Stem nearly simple
12182 Leaves lanceolate ciliated
12183 Leaves ovate entire: cauline twin opposite
12184 Leaves toothed, Teeth acuminate: radical stalked elliptical roundish; cauline alternate oblong
12185 Leaves remotely toothed hirsute: radical stalked obl. narrowed at base; caul. alternate obl.lanceolate
12186 Scape 1-headed naked, Leaves stalked obovate repand
12187 Leaves somewhat toothed and hairy: radical stalked obl. rounded at base; caul. altern, obl.lanceolate
12188 Leaves obovate crenate smooth, Scape 1-headed
12189 Leaves cordate repando-dentate: radical ones petiolate; cauline ones amplexicaul.
12190 Leaves remotely toothletted: upper oblong amplexicaul.; lower ovate stalked, Petioles winged auricled
12191 Leaves toothletted: upper lanc. amplexicaul.; lower spatulate ovate; radical cordate stalked
12192 Leaves toothed obov. amplexic.: radical obov. spatulate narrowed into the stalk, Stem simple 1-headed
12193 Smooth, Radical leaves cordate deeply toothed; cauline oblong amplexicaul. Stem about 1-headed
121.94 Downy, Lower leaves stalked ovate with winged petioles: upper amplexicaul.; all toothed
12195 Leaves stalked or ovate toothed subsinuate at base downy beneath: the old ones quite smooth
12198 Leaves serrated quite smooth

12199 Leaves serrated downy
12200 Lower leaves pinnatifid.: upper entire smooth, Florets of disk 4-toothed
12201 Leaves lanceolate decurrent, Ray of corolla 4-part
bruises, gutta serena, and paralysis of the bladder. The root is given in doses of six to twelve grains; the
flowers of from three to four grains. Dr. Thomson observes, that in the hands of British practitioners it has
not merited the eulogium of the French and German. (Lond. Disp. p. 169.)
1750. Gerberia. T. Gerber, a German naturalist, is only known as a traveller in Russia. A very pretty
little greenhouse plant with neat purple flowers.
1751. Doronicum. Derived from the Arabic name Doronigi. Pardalianches is from Taes, a tiger, and
azzav, to strangle; on account of the use said formerly to have been made of the plant for the purpose of
destroying wild animals.
1752. Perdicium. A name given by Pliny to a plant of which the partridge, perdrix, is very fond. The
plant is not now recognized.
f' Tetragonotheca.
of the grains.
1754. Ximenesia.
From rivea, four, yama, an angle, and 9xx", a capsule, in allusion to the four angles
Named by the Abb Cavanilles, after Joseph Ximenez, a Spanish apothecary, who is said
to have attended to plants.
1755. Helenium.
amed after the celebrated Helen, who is said to have availed herself of the cosmetic
of named after her. That is believed to be the modern Inula, Helenium; the ancient name
ing unoccupied, it has been applied to this American genus, which resembles the other.
"18
t1756. BEL/LIS. W.
1220.2 pernnis W.
hortnsis
Daisy.
Common
Compositae.
ic. A pr. 3 mr.au W
-
Jistulsa
targe-double . Y. A pri mrau It

double-quilled 2 Apr
4 mr.au R
$'.
Hen & Chicken if A pr? mr.au St
large Portugal # ZX pr. ; myji

O pri mr.jl
12203 sylvstris W.
12204 annua IV.
annual
1757. BEI/LIUM. W.
BelliuM.
12.20% bellidioides JP.

12206 mintum W.
small
dwarf
W
W.
Composite.
O pr. 4 jn.s
W
3. A cu 1in jno
t1758, DAH'LIA. Cav.

DAulia.
12207 suprflua H. K.
fertile-rayed
CLAss XIX.
*::::
itain
past. D co Eng bot. 424
...
D co
...
...
D co
D co
Portugal 1797. D co Bot mag. 2511

S. Europe 1759. S co Bot. mag. 2174
*taly
2.
Levant
Composite.
jl.n
Pu
s.n
Sc
s.n
Sc
s.n
Or
s.n
Y
*:Mexico
2-3.
1796. S s-p
barren-rayed
scarlet
1761. HETEROSPER''MUM. W. HETERosPERMUM. Compositae.

12218 pinntum W.
wing-leaved
O un 2 au.s
Y
1762. SCHKUH'RIA. W.
Scukuiuana.
12219 abrotanoides W.
Wormwood-lvd.
1763. PECTIS. W.
12220 ciliris W.
12221 linifolia W.
Pectis.
ciliated
Flax-leaved
O un
Compositae.
2 jl.s
Y
Lam. ill. t. 684
1772. D co Sc.ac.up.Lt.5.fs
a or 6
1789. R.
a or 6
Mexico 1802. R
A or 6
Mexico 1802. R
aurantia
Orange-colored St A or 6
Mexico
1802. R.
latea
syellow
St A or 6
Mexico
1802. R
fi759. BCEBERA. W.
BoEBERA.
Composite. Sp. 1.
12209 chrysanthemoides W. Chrysanth.-like O pr13 o
Y
Carolina 1821. S.
t1760. TAGETES. W.
TAGETEs.
19210 lincida Jy.
sweet-scented if u\l or 1 jl.n
Y
S. Amer. 1798. D
12211 ptula W.
French Marygold
O or 2 jl.o
Y.o Mexico 1573. S
12212 erecta W.
African Marygold O or 3 jn.s
Y
Mexico 1596. S
1221.3 minuta W.
small-flowered
O or 2 au.o
Pa.Y Chili
1728. S
12214 tenuifolia W.
fine-leaved
O or 3 jl.o
Y
Peru
1797. S
12215 clandestina Zag.
concealed
O or 3 jl.o
Y
Mexico
1820. S
12216 micrntha Cav.
small-flowered
O or 3 jl.o
Y
Mexico
1822. S
12217 glandulsa Schrank glandular
O or 3 jl.o
Y
S. Amer. 1819. S
12208 frustrnea H. K.
A coccinea
Bot mag. 28
*ew1-3.
Spain1799.
#Mexico
1.
1798.
h.1 Cav.ic. 1. t.80

h.1 Cav. ic. 2. t. 226
h.l Bot, mag. 762
h.l
h.l
l.p
p.1 Bot mag. 740

co
co
co
co
Bot. mag. 150

Lam, ill. t. 684
Dil.el.t.280.f362
Bot. mag. 2045
co
co
co
S co Cav.ic. 3. t. 267
S. co
Sch.ha-3.t.250.b.
Composite. Sp. 2-7.

[O]um 1 jl
Y
ispanio. 1793. S co Plum, ic.151,f2
[C] un
1 jl.au
Jamaica
1764. LONGCHAMPSIA. Willd. LoNGchampsiA. Composite. Sp. 1.

12222 capilliflia Willd hair-leaved
O prijn.jl
W
Barbary
1732. S co
Sljam.l..t.149.f3
1822. S co
12200
1756. Bellis.
-
is. So called from bellus, pretty. Every one knows the daisy.
1757. Bellium. See Bellis, from which this genus differs chiefly in the pappus of the grains.
1758. Dahlia, Named after Andrew Dahl, a Swedish botanist, and pupil of Linnaeus. Continental botanists
call the genus Georgina. This genus grows in Mexico, in sandy meadows, and till the peace of 1814 was
more cultivated in France than in England: at present it is one of the most fashionable hardy plants. Though
its leaves are coarse, resembling those of the common dwarf elder, yet the flowers are showy, and continue in
beauty till late in autumn. The plants grow freely in any soil or situation; but the poorer the ground is, the
smaller the size of the plant, and the earlier and more abundant the flowers. The single-flowered varieties
of D. superflua are almost without end; the double varieties of both species are much numerous. Any
number of the former may be raised from seeds, which ripen in abundance, and if sown in February, on
artificial heat, and transplanted in the end of April, they will flower in the July or August following. The
double varieties are increased by dividing the roots, or by grafting, or by cuttings; they may also be some.
times
raised
from
seeds.
A very general
way in
kinds
areshoots
propagated
by cuttings.theThey
be
either
taken
from
the root-shoots
in spring,
or which
the topsboth
of the
young
early inis summer;
lowermay
end
of each cutting should be cut smoothly off in the middle of a joint, and all the leaves left on, excepting those
that would be buried in planting the cutting. If planted in sandy soil, on a gentle bottom heat, and covered
with a hand-glass, they will soon strike root, and produce both flowers and tubers the same autumn. The
double sorts are grafted on tubers of the single varieties much in the manner of whip-grafting, but without a
tongue. There must be no buds on the tuber; cut offa slice from the upper part of it, in a sloping direction,
and make, at the bottom of the part so cut, a ledge, whereon to rest the graft; next, cut the scion slopingto
fit, it should contain two joints, and be cut so that one of these may be at the bottom of it to rest on the ledge;
from that joint the scion will occasionally put forth roots; from the other the future stem will be formed.
Having tied the graft, clay, it as in common grafting; then put the root in fine mould, burying half the graft,
and place the pot in a gentle moist heat under a glass. If this be done in March, the plant may he shifted
into a larger pot in April, and planted out in the end of May.
to: : Dahlia is a bulky plant, it uires either to be grown in a very large pot, or in from three quarters
: a half of surface. They look well in rows, or occurring singly in a shrubbery.
: '' the Dahlia bears a considerable resemblance to that # the potato and #. marvel of Peru;
As soon
frost has blackened the tops of these three plants, their roots require to be taken up, an
--
Oaben II.
719
12202 Scape naked single-headed, Leaves obovate crenate
12203 Scape naked single-headed, Leaves obovate crenate 3-nerved

1204 Stem somewhat leafy
12205 Stolones creeping, Scapes 1-headed, Leaves spatulate
12206 Stem leafy capillary
12207 Rachis of Ivs. winged, Leafl. ovate acumin. serrated shining and smooth beneath, Outer invol reflexed
12208 Rachisoflvs. naked, Leaflets ovate acuminate serrated roughish beneath, Outer invol. spreading
12209 Leaves pinnated: leaflets linear pinnatifid-toothed

12210 Leaves simple lanceolate finely serrated ciliate at base
12211 Leaves pinnated: leafl. lanc. ciliate-serrated, Pedunc. 1-headed thickened, Inv. smooth, Stem spreading
12212 Leaves pinnated: leaflets lanc. ciliate-serrated, Pedunc. 1-headed ventricose, Invol. angular, Stem erect
12213 Leaves pinnated: leafl. lanc. serrated; term. subdecurrent, Pedunc. many-fi scaly, Flowers dense
12214 Leaves pinnated: leaflets linear serrated; lower serratures long, Stem panicled, invol. clavate
12215 Leaves pinnated: leaflets filiform, Ray not longer than involucrum
12216 Leaves pinnated: leaflets filiform subulate entire, Stem branched diffuse, Pedunc. 1-headed solitary
12217 Leaves pinnated: lower segments lanceolate; upper linear, Serratures with intermediate glands
12218 Stem smooth, Leaves pinnated, Leaflets linear subulate entire
12219 Leaves altern. pinnate linear setaceous
12220 Leaves linear amplexicaul. ciliated at base attenuated at end
12221 Leaves linear sessile acute ciliated at base
12222 Stem filiform branched, Leaves woolly subulate filiform, Peduncles naked axillary 1-headed
\\
12211
--
".
-->
f |12213.
A.
12218
"...A.
%
-
*
N
12222
12221
12219
kept in a dry place, where the frost cannot get at them till spring. About April they may be divided, and
planted in the open air where they are to flower; or, what is more common planted in large pots, and for
warded in heat till the middle of May, when they may be turned out of the pots where they are finally to
remain. In this case they will flower a month or six weeks earlier than by the other method, and will, in
general, continue flowering till they are destroyed by frost. Some care is requisite to preserve the roots suffi
ciently moist and plump to maintain the living principle, and yet not to rot, shrivel, or freeze them. The
safest mode is to plant them in pots or boxes of dry earth, and place them in a shed or cellar, or under an
ample covering of litter thatched over.
1759. Baebera. Boeber is said by Willdenow to have been a learned Russian botanist.
1760. Tagetes. Named after Tages, a Tuscan divinity, the son of Genius, and the grandson of Jupiter.
T. patula is a tender annual, deservedly popular, from the brilliancy and variegation of its flowers: it is culti
Mated in Japan, China, and many parts of India, but does not appear to be indigenous of those countries.
e varieties of T. erecta differ chiefly in the shades of the same color, but there are also double and quilled
flowers. Both species are raised from seeds, upon a moderate hot-bed, in the beginning of April, and when
y are three inches high, transplanted to where they are finally to remain. The varieties are very apt to
Fenerate, and can only be reproduced by the most careful selection and separation.
his
us serves for the basis of M. Cassini's Tagetineae, which do not a
r to be at all distinct from
Heliant eae, from which they differ principally in the form of their ovarium. . Cassini's principal motive for
qistinguishing them as a separate race, seems to have been his wish to reduce his tribe of Heliantheae, which
he finds too extensive. Nearly all the species are found in America.
r: Heterospermum.
From irtees, various, and wrifun, seed; on account of the variable shape of the
ains.
1762. Schkuhria. Named in honour of Christian Schkuhr, an acute German botanist, who has published
some of the most accurate and useful, if not splendid, botanical works which the world has seen.
It is to be
regretted that their rarity makes them more generally unknown than they deserve to be.
#63. Pectis. From pecten, a comb, to which the teeth of the : may be
compared.
Longchampsia. So named after Doctor J. L. A. Loiseleur Deelongchamps, a French botanist, author

'176%.
i'u Flora Gallica, in two small duodecimo volumes, published at Paris, the first in 1806, the second
72
Cuss XIX.
1765.
LEYSERA
W.
LeYSERA.
A>.
28.
Composite.
12223
n.|_Jpr
Jac ic 3. t 588
or C\ G. H. 1774.
1-'-".+ gnaphalodcs
squarrsa jr. W.
. I 1 1> 2 ji.*
1U Or C. G. H. 1813. Lp Pluk.aLt3ffi.U
1788.
SELLO7A.
Spreng.
Sellos.
Sp
L
Composite.
JSSeS glutinosa Spreng, clammy
E2 un 3 f Y Braxil 1819. D CO Bol reg. 462
1767. squarrsa
RELHA'NIA.
W. cross-leaved tt- i / pr Composites. Sp. 319.
12226
W.
1 my.jn YY C. O. R 1774. p.lpi Bot reg. 587
12227
pungent
12228 pngens
laterifloraW.W.
side-flowering
-. ii II nrpr i
C. G.G H.
H. 1820.
1823. p.l
1768.
ZIN'NIA.
W.
Zinnia.
Compota.
Sp.
6-8.
12S29
pauciflra
W.
ycllow.flowered
or
1.1
1753.
S r.m Hill,ic
2
jl.au
12230
multifli'ira
.W. red-flowered
O ror 2
Bot mag.
N.
Ame : 1770.
12231
verticillta
rep.
189mH
whorl-leaved
I7sa SS r.m
r.m Bol
Mexico
22 jn.a
122.12
clegane
W.
Bot.
mag.
purple-flowered
Mexico
76.
1223
555
slender-flowered
or
1799. SS Bot
12234 tenuiflra
hbrida W..
Bot. mag.
mag.!
hybrid
jl Sc S.Mexico
Amer. 1818.
1769. CHRYSANTHEMUM. W. Chysanthemum.2 jiiCompost*.
Sp.
2343.
12235 pinnalirdum W. cut-leaved n. i
1777. D .1
31 jl.au
my.au W
W Madeira
12236
W. W. fleshy-leaved \
Austria 1731.
122371 atratum
heterophyllum
various-lcaved
i
SwitxerL
1806. D Eng. bot601
1 Jn.Jl
jLau W
Lcucanthcmum
W.
Ox-eye
Daisy
Britain 1759.
past. DD Jsc.oU.tt91
W France
1229 montnum W.
mountain
2
jn.jl
W
Al.ped.l.LS7.l
12240 ceratophylloides
. Grass-leaved
Btickshorn
Piedmont 1803. DI) JacoUtl
12241
graminifiilium
1 jn.jl
my.JI W
W MontpeL
Montpel. 1739.
122+2
monspelinse
W.W. Munttielier
DD Jac.oK.4L91
1739.
12243
Achiilie
W.
Milloil-leaved
Micgen.3149
W Levant
Italy 1775.
11 jLau
jn.au W
122+4 arcticum
argnteumW.TV. ailver.leaved
1731. DD W. hrt,bei SS
12245
northern
1 jn.au Wpu
Kamtsch. 1801.
Bot mag SOS
12246
carintum
tV.
three-colored
S
W.pu
Barbary
1796.
2
jl.o
12247 sylvestre
piimilum W.W. en.
en. small
1806. SD
W
J11.0
122+8
field
W
......
1804.
2
jn.jl
122+9 sectum W.
com
bol540
corn fi. SS Eng.
Y Britain
1} jn.au
Jac. ota.4.1
]2-'50
Mycnis W.
W.
tongue-lcaved
jl.au
Y Italy
12i'>l coronrlum
italicum
Italian
Italy 1775.
1796. SD LamilLlCT.!
241 jLs
jn.jl FA.Y
12252
W. garden
Y Sicily
12253
L.
Indian
China 1629 r.m
23 s.n
12254 Indlcum
sinnse Sab.
Chinese
o.n Y China 1764. r.m
Garden yarietiet.
Purple Bot. White
mag. 327J30f. nag. 2042
1213 Spanish
Brown Yellow Hort. tram. 4 1. 14
213 Changeable
Quilled flamed
Quilled White
White Bot.
Hot.reg.
reg.4554
1415 Quilled
Pink Bot.Hort,
reg. 616 5. t. 8
45 Superb
Early
Crimson
Tassellcd
White
16 Large quilled Orange trans.
Hort trans. 5. 1 3
67 Sulphur
Quilled Yellow
17 Quilled
ExpandedlightlightPurple
Purple
Yellow
18
89 Large
GoldenLilac
Yellow Bot. reg. 4*
Curled
Sweefs. Garden,
L7 ""*1;
20SI19 Semidouble
Superb Lilac
clustered
quilledYellow
Pink Sweet's
Hort, trans.
5. L II
10
Rose oror Orange
Pink
11 Buff
2 Semidouble quilled White
12227
Use, Propagation,
Culture,a
I author of a Hors
I65. l^ysera.
So called in honorHistory,
of Frederick
William Leyser,
in 1783.Nmeu
Halensis
12
^l'maftor
Mr.
Sello,
a
German
botanist,
employed
by
fhe
Prussian
government
materiala for a natural history of BraxiL An uninteresting stove perennial plant, remaraanie1n
i
,Si ^Fi1
ragIn'hehonor
leavesofofthetheRev.
Involucrum.
.. fot a. r~.
Flora CMtahn7'
BeUania.
Richard Reinan, an English botanist, and author
T* Ihe genus
was named
Plants ofinno1757,
beauty
and easy culture
r+omL2~John Godfrey
Zinn,by aL'Hritier.
German, published,
a Calalogueof
the * Quit* f
nS5*
4t
H'ndsome
border
annuals,
with
persistent
flowers,
of
the
same
culture
of
asoincrtr
veno .'V"4amum.
FromFT;
,
gold, andGer.,
.3-,ada flower
because
of theW
?r Chrusanlhne,
Goldblume,
Crisantero,
IUI. many
. sinense
i;
on oi Mni
^
"hence
all
in,n*1
".
md
the
easiest
possible
culture
in
any
soil.
It
is
a
popular
UK
111"7^"'T"""
vrieties
have a very
recently
obulned.
chiefly ofthrough
,, Jiy
"utumn,
re certainly
greatbeen
addition
to theandbeauties
the flower ""^,
"hen scêl,^b,8"-""1*
" conservator^
the propagated
wet and foggy
months ofby"
~ any thing else is in flower.

The plantsin un
bi divisions,
suckers, and"J i
Okdbr II,
-1IBI
i
12S23
Limits
linear
subulate
ciliate
of mvol. reflexed
lanceolate
1222* I-eaves rilifonn downy, Scalesrough,
ofinvoLScale
membranous
sa .
IHjlb'
12226
Leave*
oblongsomewhat
acuminatepungent
nervelessstriated
recurved
.it end Heads senile
1 sa fi 12
12227 Leaves
Leaves linear
linear
beneath.
viUoui, Pcdunc
lateral shorter
than leaf
t
1229
Heads
sessile,
Leaves
opp.
cordate-lanceolate
amplexcaul.
seuile
[Cil
ut)
12Sit Heads sulked,
stalked, Leaves
Ideares whorled
opp. ovate-lanceolate
somewhat
stalked
M nb 122J1
ovate-lanceolate
itajked,
Kav
Clliii
ilU 12 Heads
Heads stalked,
stalked, I
LtMVM opp. cordate
ovate sessile amplcxicauf. double
Stem I
USS3 Leaves
Heads
J
i i b 122j*
cordate
1|1
mIS :Da 1 Lea
low 8 , "cly ?"r:'tal. SI implg l'hcade
Si DDo bJA Leave S ,i . , l.anca>li,t<! -cmitoil upper litubte
IS tai"
Da**
22 DiDo ~ dipinnate : pinnte oblong serrated. Heads corymbose
1254* Itadical
Leaves bipinnatc
hoarycut-toothed
: leaflets acute
entire,cuneiform
Stem 1-headed
HD1
leaves .j-parted
: cauline
3-partedsimple
blunt
4cU 1--+-3
122*0 Leaves
Leaves bipinnated
bipinnated
fleshy smooth,
Scales
ofinvol.
keeledsomewhat
ill
1*247
linear
subulate
smooth,
Stem
erect
branched
I*f
Ds , 122*8
Very
near
C.
leucanthemum,
but
the
lower
leaves
ere
more
spatulate
Leaves amplexic.
glaucous
inciso-serrate
above
toothed
at the base
S i 12249
12250 Leaves
Ungulate blunt
serrated.
ofofdisk,
involucre
"S I*1 12251
Leaves bipinnalitid
bipmnate
serrated,
Rays Scales
length
Stemequal
procumbent
Leaves
acute
broadest
externally.
Stem
branched
123 Leave* flaccid stalked pinnatitid finely toothed : upper entire, Ray a little longer than I
Ca 1225*
Leavescoriaceous stalked linuatc-pinnatifid toothed glaucous. Ray very long
quilted Orange Hort, traut. 5.Garden
L 17*Varieties
34 Brown Purple
S*S3Semidoublc
Late pale Purple
35 l>ouble
Late quilled
Yellow
36
Yellow
Indian
White
6738 Parkes's
small
Yellow
*g per
Pale Buff
Tasselled
Yellow
S4
Blush
39
Tasselled
Lilac
*
40 Scmidouble quilled pale Oran
4142 Two
Goldencolored
Lotus-flowered
5* Sarry
1o co-bred
Red
incurved
Purple
4443 Yellow
Double Waratah
White Indian
32S4J
*.'
an ,
1 12240
19254
\S2b0
Wj t4kenei? ai\in eveiy *. to thrnw up suckers, the latter mode n decidedly the beet The cuttingt
theT
will
(WrVb
the
*,de
inches
at
anv
season
from
April
to
Septcmlwr;
taken
ofTbefore
theend
ofMay,
Osmium
are acceding
takensoon
off afterwards
will not flower
year. email
Chryeandc>craU'h]n^Vt'ry
p, lfic inautumn
uekere,; those
that they
become unsightly
plants,tillandnextproduce
and
""' take
' *** frequently
renewed
cuttings.
said into dovery
thissmall
everypot,yearin;
which
it floff" th'nte. tt<ngi
in May, strike
them(romas we
do, andThe
thenChinese
put eachareplant
fawfe from onthttil~.e eu.ccec<iin8
autumn.In order
The plants
thus keptmayin abedwarf
state,theyandleave
clothed
withorgreen
"nwtr-bud*
flower.
theareblossoms
strong,shoots
only one
two
This
mode
is iw! 1|1
",mmitt0 the
ofadopted
**Cfl
plant,
and but
theythat
remove
allthesuckers
and
side
till the orblossom
isa thini
over,
fcsr,
in
which
with
us
sometimes
plants
retained
a
second,
even
thft
theroots
Caro
"
"ûi'itc
to
leave
no
more
stems,
and
to
have
no
more
suckers
growing
at
one
time
lh(7 recuire to *uPPrt "> a vigorous state. As under this management the stems attain a great height,
thread ^" a rod, and adjusted so as to form a symmetrical figure by a nice application of
ni Hsj tbeir superfluous
, '^'"ernum
in which
the be
plantuhould
be taken
up every
suckersis grown
removedinbed6
; or, orborders,
which is better,
theycase
should
totally renewed
by cuttings.
3A
SYNGENESIA SUPKRFLUA.
722
Rirbary 1810. S
18C55
paludoeum
Deaf.
marsh
Pf
Hungary 1817
\v Spain
1225fi
romiidif. Hum#. anomalous
round-leaved a pr
pr ljl|JJj
jnjl W
1816. DD CO
12257 anmaluin
1 jn.jl
w
ma PYUETHRUM. IK Feverfew.
Composite.
5p.Tencrirfe
3247. 1815.
1S2.V8
fcpniculceumF'.Vi. Fennel-leaved
A|

12259
criMimifliumiF.r.
Sninphire-leuv.
* .| ,|| ororor 33 ja.d
*a.d W Teneriffi.'
Tenerirle 1815.
1S15, D
122rX)
ancthiflium
W.eu.
DilLtaavcd
12261 IntlflSHum
IV. en. broad-leaved
(pe 2 jii.jl
Pyrenees 1820.
D
122S2
Hallri
(V.
Haller'e
Switzerl.
1319.
122tiJ ceratophylloides W. Buckshom-lvd. pr 11 jujl
Piedmont 1819. I) .1
Jnjl
12A64
frutscens
IV.
shrubby
1
|
or
Canaries
1699.
3
ltd

fti'i5coroni)pfijliumH>M.
-leaved >|
Canaries
12266
grnndflrmn
IV.cn.
great-flowered
* i || oror
Canaries 1823.
1815. D Lp
12267
piniiatiiidum
IV.
pinnatitid
2
myJa
D
I22t>8 pukerulcntum W. powdery
pr in.au
Caucasus
12269
scrlceum
Bkb.IV. silky
O prun 1 jn.au
Iberia 1806.
1820.
\ DS
12270
pr.rviflrum
small-flowered
2} jn.au
Lp
12271
spocisum
W.
en,
large-flowered
|
or
Canaries
1815.
ja d
Caucasus
1803. DD
12272
ptaniiicrefliiiin
W. Sneezcwort-lv.
prpr 3 jl.au
12273
serotlnum
IV.
creeping-rooted*
N.
Amer.
173L
1
s.
DD
12U74
marsh
pr
Hungary I81&
12275 uliginsum
alpmim
IV.if.IV. various-leaved
Alpine

Switrerl.
1759.
jl.au
jl.au
I)
1227(i
Balsainta
pr
levant
1779.
2
12277
W. large-leaved
pr
Hur.gary
1803. DD
31J jl.au
12278 macrophllum
rseum
IV.
en.
scarletflower'd
el
Caucasus
Ib04.
au.s
Chiysttiithsmmn coccncum R. M.
Dco
12279
ichTlloefiumA
Milfoil-leaved Je|f prpr 2 au.
Caucasus
1823.
12280
corymbsum
IV. mountain
Germany
1596. DU
1 jn.au
Britain
rubb.
12281flore
Parthnium
IV.
common
w
2
ta.I
W
pinn IV. doublc-flotoered
2 jn.s W Caucasus 1804. D
I282
partheniflium
Parthenium-lv.jf
2 jnjl W Caucasus 1804. D
122!
caucAsieum
IV.
Caucasian
W Caucasus 1806. 1)
12284 lenuirlium YV. en. slender-leaved prpt 1 4 jl.au
W
S
dryfi.
12285 inodruin
W.IV. sea
scentless
O prpr 1 jLau
au.s W
\% Britain
Britain sea
eh. DD eo
12286
marltimum
1
jn.o
12287
millefolitum
W.
many-leaved
A
l>r
Siberia
1731.
2
mv.e
Y
S
12288
f pf" jnjl Y Siberia
1796.
1228 bipinntuin
Indicuni U. IV. wing-leaved
Indian
t Jn.> Y E. Indies 1810. p.l
1771. suavnlcn*
MATHICA'RIA.
W.sweetMatricauia. O un Composite. 5n.4.
1781. S
18890
IV.W. WildChamomile
W Europe
1221
Clmmomflla
O wun 1 jn.au
iny.jl W
.Britain
G. H. ro.sid.
1699. SS
lVM
cainsis
W.
Cape
*~
|Q]
i
IL
W
12293 pusilla IV. en
small
O un 1 jl.s W
1772. asteroides
IiOLTiVNlA.
IV. Starwort-flow.
Boltonia. pr Compositor. SP-N.2-Amer. 1758. ~Du,
12294
IV.
1225 glastiflia IV.
glaucous-leav'd pr 2lsau.o FPk N. Amer. 175a D *J
1773.
LIDBECK'IA.
W.
Liobeckia.
f. tu. 1774. Lp
12296
silver-leaved
**l_Jl>r 2 Composite.
1227 pectiuta
lobta IV. If.
lobed
l|_Jpr 2 my.jn
my.jn YY . G. H. 1800. Lp
1774. turbinta
CE'NIA. P.J. S.
Cbnia.
Composite.
12298
turbinated
1 jl.au
W V.H. im S
1775.
COTLA.
W.
CoTHLA.
Composite.
S CO
12299 anthcmoldes
Anthemis-like im un I jl.au Y ftH7S.alffl)6.
12300
coronopiflia IV.IV. Buckshorii-lvd.
jLau Y CG. H 1683. S
12289
122-58
12285
Class XIX.
DetfatUtES
Bot reg.
.:..*
Jato1* it M
Jae.
be.4. l
Pl.rar.hiLl.tM
Bot mag.
Gmibl&t
.
surt.4. toi9
Eng. boL 1231
Vent lit43
Eng.botff"
Eng.
bot 979t?
MilLicl
Gm-iibAt^p
Bot mag.
Enf ^V^fi
>eb.trd.tlatf
nBot
Bot mag.2'*
mag.
B.aJLfg
UnLLLTOLH
Lam-LLVOLi!
Um-ilUTW.'.1
Use,
whenPropagation,
inThe
smalldureront
potsCulture,
theyvarieties
requirearea rich
no. ojm the *,
Though'
plants, u ill grow '< Histoj-y,tlamire.

well loam,
descnDca
beingrourth
watered,
in the
and fifth
'lânsartions.
. rff
,
to
applied
to this plant from its
,orv 0fSpam,
1770. Pyrerhrum.
cient
Greek
n; ultural
Anthmis
pyrethrum,
\,,]
at plant
isitsbelit
od to have
been 1thequ'-l'ti'^
^liriCe
an:l
trhavereceirrd
namefibm
thtbiirninfe
rf
its
r:"
1
V'
tj
in
thefoO
Pyretl
ofThmro
Intimi ",""""1"
unpUM.cniH
smell, ano
dicht
ihmi-.
Xt Bid
.
Stan^S^r
hft a, sinnig
"npkânt
andfora colic,
hitter h.rtrical
l*te. . It dbctions,
3
.n,"' """4'-llllt
inteiMlW
an Mm
1771
Matrix
,)'-<>|1|{:
v;irictiC,
which
arc
very
om.-imental.
,
rf~nip.
JtoWta**'
.. *^
nam>
accountIttLof theIt use
whichmenstruation.
is ma.lc of it Ctamc-ellta
in iliiordm an alteram
ol IK
iwicr*rw, Gcr,80 au
Matricaria,
excite,
i 'lk "
723
i.
4H1
a .4 El
i!fl
E , l : * ta omcw
!*'!
ral
i Iiii 3sBe 1.V7U Leaves bipinnate: pinna liii.-filiform 2 or 3-parted, Stem erect branched, Pappu 2-lobed
icated.
Stem
1.headed,
Invol.
won
.: _"
''"lane,-filiform
2 or 3-nartwl
!^/,!î-h^^>
InvP'-toothed
woolly
HCT- Leave*
leaves linear
pinnatitirt
eegm.Heads
finely
serrated,
Graines,
subulate,
Pappus
unequally
an i-,
serrulate,
corymbose
h':7J
leaves
lane.
:
lowerserrated
at
end
;
upper
entire,
Branches
corymbose
i--7t Lower
Leavesleaves
lane allpinnatihd
deeply serrated,
erect
branched
at endl-headed
ISflS
toothed
: Stem
upper
linear
entire.sessile
Stem
j-.7~> Leaves
Uaves hairy
ovate subscssile
obi. serrated
: radical
stalked
; cauline
auricledcompound
at base, Heads 1
liTT
pinnatifid
toothed
blunt.
Corymb terminal
TIi SaJaPa '= 1*278
Leaves
pinnated
smooth
pinnae
once
or
twice
pinnatifid
with
acute
diverging segmente, Invol. smooth
Di 9 Leaves bipinnatc linear eilkv: pinna? crossing, Pedunc. corymbose, Ray
shorter thancorymbose
involucre
0 Lv.
Leaves|wtiol.
pinnated,
Pinna*
lane
pinnatifid
finely
serrated
:
upper
confluent,
E Pe tan
flat bipinnate the aegm. ovatecut, Pedunc. branch, corymb. StemPedunc.
erect, Invol. nemisphc .
i. CuDe ' [BgLetmptoa.: pinnae obi. obt pinnatifid toothed ; upper confluent, Stem virgate, Heada corymbose
12H
bipinnate
: leaflets
linear
subulate, Stem
[pubescent
liSt Lena
Rj(t leaves
bipinnate
: pinna?
linw
<= l-headed
^SMg
jSjlwa all entire
111 >
"""
]'ae,Uy,h0''"llit-lo.lloloeurf.ce
>
""1,-~"
Stem rocumb,., racnc IJlK,dcd

1S294 '
12497
a little
ft5* affi^fe M'h?;p^m,rl!1?h"i,h
* t*. ... o,d name fbr,
3 S
Reinal rhamormle (Antl

I of Great
of AnthemU, wMch . rciombloj
Class XIX. Eel

724
D
Lp
Vera
Cru*
1739.
12301
leoosa W. W. clammy
El
I jn.au
C.Congo
G. H. 1821.
17*3. S 1.
12302
Tansy-lcaved
aisyO uu
un
12303 tnnacetiflia
>]ill;lT.illll4ls Link. !
E3
un 2 iny.ju
tllM-1
I77f. cuMCillia
GUAN'GEA.
Grangea.
Cmposit Sp.China
46. lSlfi. S Lam. illtfflaf.!
10(H
Lata, J. wctIge-leaved
O un
un lui)iLi
in.tM.C3
I7t& 8S Burin.
jl.8 YY China
12305 minima
ilUtWLU
K.
178a S Lam.
10306
i .!'. .. If.
Mt.mLaut. least
Matl r. is
rm
un
LmilLUBUl
: E. Indica
Indies 1
rm un tlai
12307 latifha
K-sf.
two-colored
Clula bicolor W.
5. ti. 1759.
112308
1777. creticus
ANACY'CLL'R
Anacycllu. pt 1 jn.au
.
.
IV.IV. IV.oriental
trailing
YY Candil
BoclUfdlXDJ
Levant
I!
jn.au
12309
OrionUlii
O
iw
Lim.
Levant 1731.
1570.
Y Spain
12310
reus
IV.
golileu-flowered
O
ir
i
in.au
Sch-baJUBlb
1636.
12311
valcntinus
W.
tine-leaved
1
j'i.jl
O
|>r
Y
. tint, i'
Si Euroi ltW.
J .., raditus
Link.
pur|le-stalked
1|JI
l>r
L"
mfenna W.
Biv. ..ir.l.t
1> ljjl.au W Barbary 1801.
12313 AtkemU
clavtus l.uik.
clubbed
Sp.Caucasus
S47. 1805. D W. D0f.be.LLS
CotnposUi
1778.
ANTHEMIS.
IV.
Chamomile.
12314 rigescciis iV.cn, rigid
prpr 1 jU
S Pin. alm.Ln.ii
Ita.v
jl.au
Venetian
1231"
COU IV.
S.England
Europe 1714.
1731.. SS .vi Eng. bot
au
tait
1231I
altiasima
1'pr 61 jl.au
12317
maritima
IV.
D
Levant
downy
12318 tomentosa W.
1 IJLo
S.France
Europe 1795.
1803.
pubescent
12319 mixta
pubnna
W.
SD ITx- geo-LSIl
1731.
1 jl.au
jl.au
simple-leaved
12320
IV.
D
12321 saxtilis
IV. en.IV. en. rook
S.Hungary
Europe 1807.
ISO;. SD
jl.au
12322
Cliamomilla
various-leaved
1>pr 11Ii jl.au
Ju.o
Chio
1731.
12323
cha
IV.
cut-leaved
pr
12324 nbilie IV.
commun
At m i jl. W Britain grapa. D Eng. bot seo
doublt
fiore
pleno
Eng. botas
Britain dr. Ii. S Jacaustjt4H
corn
CD
w 11 jn.au
12325
1759. S Eng bot 17
my.au W
W Austria
1232 arvnm
austraca W,IV.
Austrian
Britain cor.fi.
W
tiiiking
prww 11 jn.s
12327
Ctula
W.
SD Ger. prov.L 8
1803.
jl.au Pu
W Portugal
12328
TuscU W.W
brown-scaled
1759.
12329 montana
mountainofSpain I""or 1 i jLo
D .p Bot mag. &
S.Italy
Europe
1570.
jn.jl
12330
Pyrthrum
IV.
Pellitory
S.Britain
Euro|jesto.
1370.pi. DD Jac,scli.3.t5l
au.S w
12331 globsa
IV.W.
globe
iAJ
l*1 11 jn.n
Eng. bot 73
Y
12332
tinctria
Ox-Eye
pr
ltalv 1750L
1800. SS s.! Smith spicP.Ll
12333 Arbica
discoideaIV.IV.
saw-leaved
O pr 1 jl.au
YD.Y B.irbary
J112334
jl.au
Arabian
O
pr
reg. 327t
DS Bot
i.>n a;.,iPili.-i
Paraley-leaved n. ilAIi prpr 2 au.S \VW China
Detall
Barbary 1819.
1818.
1233I
punctata A./.V.
.
dotted
I)
Tauria
1823.
12337
ruthnica
.
ljmy.jn
W
Russian
U
12338
fruticulosa Aft*IV. shrubby
Prpr 1J jn \V Caucasus
Spain 1820.
laia DD JacautapT1-30
12339
Buckeliorn-lvd. prpr 1 f jnjl
W
Austria
1824.
12340 coronopiflia
alpina W.
alpine
jnjl
W
Carpatbta
1820. I)
12341
Carpathian O prpr 41 jl.au
jnjl W
...... 1825.
12342 carptica
lllax If. W.
doubtful
W
1779.
CENTROSPER'MUM.
Spreng.
.
Composite.
Sp.
I
12343 chrjinthum Spreng, yellow
O pr i jl.au Y Spain 182:1. S
1780. SANVITA'LIA. Cav. Sa.nmtalia.
CmnjmitiC. Sp.Mexico
I. 1798. S , reg 707 hn
J; O un 1 jl.au
12344 DCOC&mbens Cav. trailing
mo-z
1200
History, 1, Propagation, Culture,

1774,7 AaaifctHM.
Oiangea. A Angenus
of Arianson'e.
The meaningwhich
of thewas
wordtheis unknown.
, . vaillant,
J,'
abridgement
Ananihocuclus,
originally
FJPJ"S2
afl0rtr,
ma which
to haveof beenofrows
altere.1
the better.
formedname
it from
\>T,\aUv\TJ\Trouud
35k.
"* *does
a not >appear
" Bccount
of fur
ovaries
without He
flowers,
which
are placed
in a circa 0
wSÂA>lêmJbt,^rma
flower, on accoun*. of the multitude of flow ers with which the jjg^
whtehir-^' nobl,l8ls 111 con*idcwbJe repute, both in the popular and scientific Matrm Meilica. rie(, bJ
*ater ami Zffi*
""Je 3 8t"'"R and '"8( smell> and a bitt" V^jJ, oil Medicina?.
.. a;let'te*'.
. they, have been
,
iveitused
in BUbstanef
. uilermiuciu. , ",'~\a cliloro.' ^.
successfully
feris anilicexcellent
curt
Kut,
,.Cbru,llc
>"|>
aromatic*,
alie!htcstinal
thealkalies,
stomachic
in ")>l*i"f cmc,
na snatulintV
ofteni enu.loved
en-eS".1
r
",C!
canal.
The
strong
to promote the operation of oilier emetics. Bytepidccctiou
inbit-ton
water, 14
tlif e oil is
.'. II.
SYNGENESIA SUPEItFLUA.
'? !' , lorn!
^ Pinnated, Flower, :,.,
725
Pedunc. 1-headed opp. the
SSiSS
fr
Ii;?- tS^ PedundeMled
.ieht
J
.a
.Iii'
iPi
-. sessile
.mnate
: pi : segment* toothed.
aim
In _
> en"
Leave*
pinnatid
Steminvoi.
erectdowny.
branched
lot: ) Leave*
pinnate
: pinnte toothed
linear entire
subpubescent.
Floral leavestoothed
3imple, Branche 1-headed
Rad. leaves
bipinnntilid
:
cauline
pinnatid
somewhat
D<I &3 Leaves
bipinnatifid sulked : segin. trifid oblong acute, Petioles sheathing, Sheaths toothed
Ii' Lvi. bipinn. the segm. lin. eubul a little downy, Scales ofrecepL membranousscarcely long, than the dink
1
l.vi
segments
lin. lane pubesc
RecepL Leaves
conicalbipinnate
its scales lane. Pericarpscrowned with an
123 Leaves
KocepLbipinnatit
conical :their
paleas
obi their
mucronate,
GrainsReceptacle
naked,
[entire
li"S7
bipinnatif
glabrous
segm. subul.
conical its scaleswoolly
setaceous. Pappus
0. pappus
Recept
subcorneal,
Palca;
obi.
blunt.
Grains
naked.
Lvs.
bipinnate
linear
filiformlongS-parted
1*329
Leaves
pinnated
downy
:
pinna;
linear
trifid
bluntish,
Stem
ascending,
Pedunc.
naked
downy
1) leaves
Leaves 3-pinnate
: leaflets: linear,
Stemtrifid
decumbent,
axillaryerect
1-headed
l-iil
hairy bipinnatifid
segments
lane, linear,Branches
Stem nearly
divided
ia-S
^** bipinnate
bipinnatifidserrated
serratedsmooth,
downy Stem
beneath,
Stem
erect branched
subcorymbosetoothed cut on one
1233
Leave*
erect
branched,
Pappus
membranous
LH
Leaves
pinnated
:
pinnae
linear
S-parted,
Stem
proliferous,
Heads
solitary
lia Leaves smooth pinnatifid : lobe* cunate trifid or cut, Heads solitary axillary sessile
m iW
bipinnatifid
dotted: pinnae
beneathlane
: segments
entire, Crown of grains toothed
. m *lly
bipinnate
.> -*---
m "* ^". raembling a Calendula

'^Sraprocumb.iat.u.vesoY.te
*raonu._. .i . 'fcto.i,.
1< "S*35JS cholic. ", J" . ordered n decoctions External!,, they are used
^frMftSl
Phagedenic
ulcer,in InlUHon.
: and theirofinfusion
UlSKto
"*Sm ift ""- P- 158.) ' ifft,, ""'V
"hol'c, and
the rectum
prodncml
5 *or
S
<
n
oftrichtifS1!.
pla
,''
,<""1*
;
10
driTe
"""
"<".
and
'o
=nnoy
bee.
Vth,ik. f hic , ti, .,,11 ! and ocrea. by .ecds with anting r,,pinU?
*
Seneeiona, ,nri
Naesauvioir-.
6 *aml.hut thpirnearly
related to Hlianthe*.
In' -i.'.,clr
S
f>lH SuSrft
!* Asia, lnul.
an-i Africa,
^!1)
and
floral
...
j:n
.
arS
\"."!!'
' in-tneirAmerica,
floral '1*
d|ffbrent
ariciy o
one has
been found
or thc are
southern
mtu ofThc
the
7ranal plant
Si"4"' " ,Md' ln "llu'io lhc """ f " .
- purple Sin^^f'g A ta* ,n"Ml
"h " "
A 3
SYNGENESIA SUPEIIFLUA.
72C
IV.
Mil.ro..
1781.
ACHILLE
A
12345 lingulta IV
tongue-leaved
Hcrbarota J*
123+G
Hrba-rta MW. grcat-flowered
]7 grandinV,ra
Sneezewort
tf
12348 Ptrmica
double-floored
plenaW..
ilonder-bramh.f
12349flore
crislta
Sweet Maudiin
12350 decolorara
Agr.itum W.
12351
IV. en pale-ycllow
spear-leaved
12152 alpina
speciaaIV.f.m.
Alpine
12353
saw-leaved
12354 lerrta
W. W.
ilver-leaved
1235.5
Clvenme
impatient
12356
impatiens W.
comb-leaved
12357 pctTtinta
ochrole&ca
Whlst,
12358 quarrsa IV.
rougli-headed
12359
falcta fV. W.
sickle-leaved
12360
tenuiflia
slender-leaved
Lavend.-cotton-lv.if
12361
Santolina
W.
12362
anthemodea
Chamomile-likej
123.3
atrta
black-cupped J
1236*
biserrtaIV. /-. biserrate
12365
Bm-kihorn-lvd.
12366 coronopiflia
lbida /. 't . whitish
32367
chamadme!iflia
Dee.
dwarf
12368
Gerbri
IV.W.
Siberian
1236
mosclita
musk
12370
nina
W.
dwarf
12371
Cretan
12372 crtica
regyptacaIV. W.
Egyptian
12373
macrophylia
W. large-leaved
12374
airea
W.
golden-flower'd
jg
12375
Eupatrium
IV.
Caspian
12376 compacta W.
compact
12377
pubescens
IV.IV. downy
12378
crithmiflia
Samphire-leav.
j
12379
tanacetiflia
W.
Tansy-leaved
12380
dlstans
W.
branching
12381
lanta W.W.en,
12382
12383 mt-na
Millefolium
W.
rubra
12W4 asplenif.'ilia
P. S.
12385
mcrntha
12386
tomentia W.
W.W.
12.487
ochroieca
12388
microphylla
12SS9
LigiisticaW. W.W.
12390 nbilis
12391
tnyriophvlla
12392
odorta
W. W.n
12393
setcea
W.
1234 abrotanifolia W.
1782. procum'uene
TRl'DAX. IV.W.
12S95
1783.
AMEL'LUS.
12396
Lychnitis
W. W.
12397
vlsus
Ph.
12i98 spinulsus Ph.
12345
12303
12368 If "
123G9
History, Ute, Propagation, Culture*
81 Achillea. Named after Achilles,
.wort,
a disciple
becauseof the
Chiron,
driedandpowder
the first
of t]
,b' !"in8.
thc )U"B
<<" hont,
were
formerly
mit.-nul.
mlo alails.'^j'u,
' 1 . ^calilo-A.
net. of ..^"0?'"?oi* W ln*
BE
*
W*
with
double
Howe,
which
.
very
the bentp, o the wiu, i. an excellent , aromatic, ami acrid,
and "1
Ohuer II.
727
1S35 Leaves
Leaves olil.
blunt atdoubly
serrulatedanddowny
1
linearlinear
narrowed
basefinely
serrated
stem ciliated,
(mooth St
[at end
IS " Leave!
and
125+8
Leaves lin.
linearacute
lane,equally
acuminate
sharplyserrulate
serratedsmooth, Stem panicled, Corymbs few-hcaded, Palea: bilid
9
Leaves lin. plane acuminate toothed : teeth emarginate transversely ciliated. Stem diffuse
1
Leaves
tuminate
serratedequally
narrowed
theserrated
petiole smooth
fascicled: serratures
glabrous, ofCorymb
compound
12351
Leaves lane, equally
and into
finely
theStembase
deepest,contracted
Palca.'entire
entire
1-'153 Leaves
and
finely
serrated
downy,
Serratures
base
deepest.
panicled,
Pales
Leaves
linear
pectinate
pinnatifid
glabrous
:
segm.
subserrated,
Corymb
compound
ISJ54
Leaves
downy linear
lanesmooth
pinnatifid
: segments
deepest: upper
at basetoothed at end, Corymb simple
1355
Leaves
: segm.
12356 Leaves
Leaves downy
pectinatepinnatifid
pinnatifid
segm.linear
linearblunt
acute;
2-parted,
Corymb
simple Stem downy
57
pectinate
pinnatifid :smooth
segm. ;linear
subulate
entire.lower
Corymb
compound
contracted,
Leares pinnated
pinnatifid:roundish
segm. obi.
cunate
unequally
toothed vertically
Corymbs
simple
Leaves
pilose:
pinnae
3-parted
imbricatedbent.across,
Corymbs
Leaves
pinnat somcw.
downy,
Pinns?
3-part.
blunttoothed
entire
transversely
imbr.
Ray
scarcelysimple
long, than invol.
Leaves
pinnated
somewhat
downy.
Pinna
;-parted
transverse
distant
:
segm.
-tootl
Stem branched
Leaves
pinnated
downy
:
pinna
linear
entire
blunt
;
lowest
longest,
Cymes
simple
Leaves
pectinate
pinnate
smooth
:
pinnae
linear
acuminate
usually
S-parted
Leaves downy
lincar.lanc.
acuminate
and finely
biscrrate
villous beneath
Leaves
pinnatifid
: segm.unequally
lane serrated,
compound
Stem
downy.
Leaves
pinnated
minutely
cutnarrow
acuteCorymb
rigid
bent
upwards
withcompact
a downybranched
nerve
Leaves
pinnated
:
pinn
long
distant
very
linear
entire,
Corymb
Cauline
Ivs.
pinnatifid
with
entire
segm.
:
radie,
pinnatifid
with
3-fid
segm.
Ray
scarcely
larger than invoL
Leaves
pectinate
pinnate
smooth,
Pinn
linear
bluntish
entire dotted
Leaves
pinn.
villous
:
pinn
toothed
linear
;
radical
bipinnate,
Stem
quite
simple
Leaves pinn.
pinn. downy
:: pinnas
roundish
4-fid
concave
spreading,
branched at end
Leaves
downy
pinnse
roundish
bluntly
toothed,
CorymbStem
compound
Leaves
pinn.
smooth
:
pinna*
lane,
cut-ted
;
outer
confluent.
Corymb
compound
Leaves
bipinnate
downy
: pinnas
linear-Line,
toothed. Corymb
Corymbcompound
simple, Peduncles
long
Leaves
bipinnatifid
hoary
:
segm.
lin.
lane,
serrated,
globose,
Flowers
flosculous
Leaves bipinnatif.
setaceous
vQloua
: segm.
lane,
entire,
Corymb
compound
contracted,
Flowers
flosculous
Leaves
bipinnatifid
pubescent
:
segm.
linear
lane,
unequal
acute,
Corymb
compound
Leaves
downy:
cauline
bipinnatifid
with
linear
blunt
segm.
;
radical
bipinnate,
Corymbs
compound
Leaves
bipinnatifid
:
segm.
lane,
serrated.
Corymb
compound
spreading
Leaves
bipinnatifid villous
: segm.: lane
cut-serrated.
Hachis winged
cut-serrated.
Leaves
segm.lane
laneacute.
blunt,Corymbs
Corymbs
fastigiate
compoundCorymbs fi
Leaves bipinnatifid
thrice pinnatifid
segm.
compound
fastigiate
Leaves
bipinnate
slightly: hairy
their segm.
linear toothed
acute, Stems
furrowed
Leaves
pinnatifid
downy
beneath
:
segm,
toothed.
Stem
branched
fastigiate
smooth
Leaves
bipinnatifid
downy :: the
segm.segm
lanecrowded
entire. linear
Corymbacute,
compound
Leaves subbipinnatifid
bipinnatifid woolly
Corymbs
repeatedly
compoundInvol.
Leaves
:
pinn
of
the
base
undivided
:
segm.
lia
lane
Corymb
Leaves
bipinnatifid
shorter
than
the intervals
between
thcra
: segm.
lin.Corymb
entire, compound,
Corymbs comp,
fastigiate
Leaves
bipinnatifid
:
segm.
lia
finely
serrated,
Bachla
winged
entire,
compound
fastigiate
Cauline
leaves
bipinnatifid
:
segm.
Iin.
somcw.
toothed,
at
his
winged
toothed
:
radical
thrice
pinnatifid
11,1-1
Leaves bipinnate
bipinnate pilose
downybeneath
: pinn: pinnatifid,
Segments
linear-subulate,
Corymbs compound fastigiate
hi Leaves
pinnee linear
entire, very
Corymb
simplepilose,
leaflets: pinnules
linear setaceous
compact
lSi* Leaves
Leaves bipinnate
bipoinatc :downy
very finemucronate
linear entire
distant,
Corymbs Corymbs
compoundcompound
fastigiatela
The only specie
IS !fTe* t10*^ lioear Unc- opposite : those of the branches alternate
raw Hoary,
uy "Uuu*i
Leaves sessile
oblong acuminate
entire.rigidHeads
axillaryHeads
on short
stalksand terminal clustered
Lvs. bipinnatifid
cut-toothed,
Segm. linear
mucronate,
lateral
UMt
1\
12305
81
2
t"om
*>*;,
cut
into
three
pieces.
The
rays
of theonflower
are divided
threeM
Plant of v
A namc touscdhav been
v''gilAster
"w a Amellua.
beautiful flower growing
the banks
of theInriver
V "11 u 'Ppowd
3A 4
728
SYNGKNESIA SUPERFLU.
1784.
STAR'KEA.
W.
Stahkea.
1769. D Lp
I2J99 urabellta W.
wnbcl-rlo.,ered [] un 1J jn.jl'
1785.
COLUMEL'LIA.
Jasq.
Columelua.
Composite.
1821. S
12400 biennis J.icq.
biennial
OI un 1 jn.jl
\78fi. erecta
.
W. upright
EcLIPTA.
Composite.
-10. 1630. S Lp
2tJU
jl.i W
W Sp.E.America
121
W.
O
un
Indies 1732. S Lp
12402 praitraU IV.
trailing
-*] un
1787. tnilia
MEYESivz.
V Surs. senile
Mevera.
Composite. S
1240J
I78aCHRYSANTHEL-ÛlLP.&
Sp.l. 1768. S
12404
urotmbei.s P. S. procumbent Ciirysaptthellum.
un l| jn.jl Compositor.
Y VV. Indies
Vfrbesinn mtica W.
1789. onentlis
SIEGESBIXK'IA.oriental
W. Sieombecma.
Composite.
124(i5
. S
au.o Y Sp.Peru
Inula25. 1784.
12406
floeculaa W.
W.
email-flowered Q prpr 28 jnjl
179:1. VEUBESI'NA. W. Verbesina.
Composit. Sp.S. Amer.
1023 1699. Lp
12407
aUta
W. IV.
wing-stalked
my.o Or
12408 gigantea
virgnica
white-flowered - lAJpr
pr 2! jLs
1812. D
W N.W. Amer.
12409
IV.
tree
Indira 1731.
1738. l p
dun
8
...
Y
12410
Siegcsuckia
W.
American
Virginia
un
3
on
Y
91241 1 Coreopsis Ph.
Coreopsis-like 5 pr Su Y N. Amer. 1640. DD
Corepbis
altertjflia Vf.
12412
serrata
Mexico
1803.
]
iAI un
36 JLo
12413 calendulcea
sativa H.IV.. IV. saw-leaved
OiUeed
E Indies 1739.
1806. SD 1-p
au.J YYY Ceylon
un
12414
Ceylon
S
jl.a
un
125 dtchtoma
. Indie 178P S
1241
fruticsa W.W. forked
shrubby
.
un
un 33 jnjl
jn.au YY VV. Indies 175ft
1791.
SYNEDIEI/LA.
P.
S.
Sy\edrella.
Composilic.
Sp
12417 nodiflra P.S. sessile-flowered w ijnjl Y W.1-3.
Indies 1726. S il
1792. parviflra
GAUXSO'GEA.
W.
Galixsogea. O un Compona!. Sp.S. 2&
12418
IV.
small-flowered
.
1793. S
12419 trlobta W.
three-lobed
O un 33 my.s
au.n D.Y
Peru 1797. S
1793. mauritiana
ACMEI/LA.
Acmella.
Composite.
27. 1768. S il
1242(1
P. S.P. S.W.
Balm-leaved
un IJJLau
Y SaMauritius
Spilanttics AcmHla
12421 buphthalmodcsi\&
oval-leaved
un 11 JU Y a . 1798. S
1794. triloba
ZALUZA'NI
S. Zaluzama. un Composite. Sp.!p. 12.
12L
12422
P. S. A. P. three-lobed
lJLe Y Mexico 1798. D Lp
1795.
PASCA'LIA.
W.
Pascalia.
Composite.
Sp.
12423 glaiica IV.
glaucous-leaved^ pr Ujli.au Y Chili1. 1799. D CO
1796.
HELIOP'SIS,
P.
S,
Heliopsis. ^ or Composite. Sp. 1.
12424 Bupiithlmum
l'vis P.S. hefianthoides
Sunflower-lvd.
6 1.0 Y N. Amer. 1714. D CO
W.
*1797.
BUPHTHAL'MUM.
W.
OY..EVS.
927.
512+25
frutescens W.IF. shrubby
S Composil.
jn.au V Sp.Amerir:
512426 arborsceus
tree
st. i I or 3 my.. Y Bermudas 161. p.l
(I
12401
">""
Class XIX.
Lam. 18
Jac.iclKt3.LS0]
DiLeLtlUttST
DiLeLt.lI3.C138
Sw.ob^lUr.l
Schthn.S.tSSo
L'Her.stirallii
Bot mag. 1716
Jac ic.Lt, 175
Jacvind.tlll)
Cav. ic i 117
1 21*
Bot.
Bur. mag.
zey tS2fl
M.Plum,
.17
ic L Si
Cav.ic.3.L2il
Bot. mag. 16
Rump am.6t65
Jacschte.2t.15l
Bot rep.5
L'Her.stirp.tsi
DilLclttAf.il
tisslory.
Use,Rev.
Propagation,
-a much
1784. Stork,. Named by Willdenow,
after the
Mr. Starke,Culriir?,
of (iros Tchima, in Silesia, who l
Mention to the Cryptogaraous plants of that country. This genus was included by Luinieii in ..
if, vvilldenowSo remarks
it differsafter
in habit,
and in its hairy
receptacle.
. .fnrleratus
r. i;i ,V0>"<'"<o.
calleil bythatJacquin,
the celebrated
Geoponic
writer, Lucius Junius
,
in'1TBS
vrfii 1".
a !;l>a"iard
om dichotomies
forty-two years
be/ore
Christ The
A plant
resembling
Amollui ""''i'.
,hini.
*c*"le
of
the
branches.
Columellia
of
Loureiro
a
di
ICrtni
1 A trailsl"on of the Malav name Ifongi.wansi.Piaihg, which signifies an eclinn i m.' [rl
\,, ,". !"
disposition
of tho radiated Meyer,
flower has
been likened.
Worthlessinweeds
the17S7SyeoS'n"amcd
after Oottlieb-Andrew
a German,
who published,
1094, awith
dissertation up0
4
17 rl of Scripture,
E5iS!
"r,
A
J'm"tivc
of
Chrysanthemum,
which
see.
.
,u
,
petets.
pufii, S*';
Jolin George ofSiegesbcrk,
of the M*J<
b"rgh.
p,.oii,hSr'
wphia
rrom
it under atheGerman
Utlc ofphysician,
of director
St Petersburgh.
Tlurc *'^
as ,
Botanosophia
from hhis pen incatalogue
1737.
Olm II.
SYNGENESIA SUPEItFLUA.
a t ii m opp. laemd down, beneath. Hda in umbeu
Silk ltOO The only peciet
trvci singse,
Leave*
oblong
remotely
SS^S
fe""?*
remote,.
ated
prostrate
strigose,
Leaves
obL lana
lane sessile
somewhat
stalkedserrated
subserrate somewhat wavy scabrous
729
. Dp tl! 12*03 Stem erect, Leaves ampIexicauL ovate toothed

lilil 12*0. Leaves alternate 3-parted toothed : radical oblong serrated. Stem creeping
LJ1*1
: l'
fliJUDe .
12405
at base
somewhat cut, Outer invol, longer than inner
1M5 Leavesstalkedov.
Leaves sessile ovateunequally
toothed, toothed
Florets subtriangular
of disk 3-toothed
triandroiu
07 Leavesalternate
Leaves alternate lane,
dacurrent
wavy blunt
liVS
subserate,
Corymb compound
Leaves
alternate
dee,ily
pinnatiitd,
Stem
shrubbyat each end decurrent
Leaves
opposite
ovate
lane
serrated
acuminate
Stem winged, Lvs. lane, acuminate somewhat
stalked serrated, Heads corymbose, Cor. ofray lanceolate
Leaves opposite
oppositecordate
ovate-lane
serrated
downyremotely
beneath serrated, Invol. simple 5-leaved
D!&
sin 1"413 Leaves
lane
aniplcxicaul.
1*1* Leaves
Leaves oppo*itc
. acuminate
lane bluntish
strigose
serratedhairy,
at end, Pedune
1-huadea
lung, Invol,
Invol. simple
1S
opposite ov.
ov.
serrated
3-nerved
1-headed,
5
Leaves opposite
acuminate serrated
3-nerved
scabrousI'cdunc.
on eachwinged
side, Pedune
I-headed simple
axillary
12417 Leavesopposite ov. serrated 3-nerved, Heads axillary subscsaile, InvoL simple, Stem trichotomou*
'gfa ^8"3 ovate 3-nerved serrated
- '-'19 Leaves oblong lanceolate toothed 3-nerved : lower hastate 3-)obod
- '-ISOStem procumbent downy, Lvs. ovate entire, Pedune. lateral, Ray shorter than disk
- L481 Leaves ovate serrated 3-nerved downy beneath, Ray many-flowered
Leaves tmate 3-lobed : lower opposite, Stem suflruleseent
12123 The only tpecies
!2*i+ Leaves opposite ovate serrated 3-nerved, InvoL leafy, Stem herbaceous
Leavesopposite
Petioles
withnot teeth
Leavei opposite ooovate
lanceolatehoary,
narrowe<l
at base
toothed smooth
Anamew,, ""'
* f it. MbI"h thc " ">caig as Verben, hieb
TZs&ipss
- *. V. alata resembles Verrait
JL larden
.Named
alte,
War
,
,
,
",,!e
""1!!
021?.*A One r th ..ir M bdiiMom, lrt Phiici,Mi
M fe- " b 0rte8a 10
doctor oi ~- - -
Class XIX.
SYNGENESIA SUPEUFLUA.
Bot,
mag
Canaries
1779.
p.l
3 my.jl
eily
ic.cent177
5511836
Spain 15701 3 Barr.
O r SI jn.s
prickly
Brem
S.
Europe
1731.
S
sweet-scented 1 ji.au
1 121
Sicily
1- D &1 Boccmus.
jl.s
Jac au*t4.i.3lO
sea
Austria
Willow-leaved ^" )
or \\ jn.o
Austria 1759.
1722. DD p.l Morib..t.7.2
i
ju.o
great-flowered
PLrar.huiUl
Huiujary 1739. D p.1
or I jo.au
heart-leaved
FRUSTRANEA.
Composite. Sp.S. 2451.
St'N
Flower.
tl798. HELIANTHUS, ff.
Amer. 1596. SS Bcnealjpoc.t.85
Tabem. ..7
annual
or 63 jn.o
12434
nnuus
W.
Egypt
jn.o
dwarf
annual
12435
Indicui
W.
S Lp Jac.sch(T.S.tSr.i
Mxico
99.
tubc-flowored
oror 56 jl.au
Cav.ic.atS3)
12436
tubufrmie
W.
Mexico
1798.
8.
tooth-toaved
iAJ
12437
N.N. Amer.
1597. DD Bot mag. iS
66 au.o
Jl
12438 deuttus
multifirusW.W. muny-flowered
Amer.
vind.2.Llfil
doublc-oivcred
tubersus
pUmm W. J rusalem
Brazil
1617. RD Jac.
Artich. i orcul 8 au.
to
Bot
mag-ber.uU
Sil
1243
N. Amer.
178a
W.hort
narrow-leaved 1i oror 36
12440
antustili
Ph.
D
N.
Amer.
JBOO.
au.o
large-leaved
12441 mat-rophyllus Ph. soft
U
N.
Amer.
1805.
12442
IV W. ten-prtalled 5 A [ 46 jl.o
DI) .! Rob. ic. 35
N.N. Amer.
au.n
J2443 mllia
decaptalus
Amer. 1759.
1800.
25 jl.s
rough
12444
prostrtus
IV.
D .1 Boc.sic.t27.f4
N.
Amer.
1710.
jl.s
Carrot-rooted
12445 irumsus
N. Amer.
Amer. 1714.
1751. 1)D
810 ill
tall
12440
alttss.mus W.IV.
N.
12447
giganteus
"'.PH. gigantic
D Bot mag. 9Q
Georgia
3 B.O
au.o
long-leaved
12448
longifliue
N. Amer. 1812.
1821. DD Bot
au.o
reg. 523
diftUse
12449
diflisue
Af.
Mexico
1823.
2
au.o
DD Cav. ic. t.19
12450
linearis Gm if. Fl'r:ichelium-lv.
N.Mexico
Amer. 1825.
68 s.o
s.o
12451 tracheliflius
1820.
DD
12452
exclsus
FT,Link. lo!>.y
Missouri
1821.
33 B.O
Missouri
124
missirirus
Mexico
1824.
8.0
three-lobed
124.54
trilobtus
Link.
D1) .1 Mab..6.t7.teS
N.
Amer.
1759.
6
au.o
Bot reg. SM
12455 ilivarictUB
-PA. divaricate
N. Amer.
179;.
43 JLO
jl.o
downy
.
12i6
pubscens
14'.
D -1 Bot reg.
N.
Amer.
1732.
12457 atrorliens W. dark-purp.-eyed^ or
Composilts. Sp. 1.Indies 182]. D p.1 Bot reg. K>
179. macultum
GYMNOLO'MIA.
12458
Kunik. Kunth.
spotted Gknoliv.iia.
*Pr 3 jn.jl Y So.W.12-20.
Dco BotBMe.2l.
f180a RUDBECK'IA. W.fragrant
.'.. or 5 Cowpotii.
IDA
au-s Y St.
12459
pinnta
Ph.
N.N. Amer.
Amer.
1->9- 1) p.l Mom^"
6(i jl.s
au.e
nnrr.-jaggcrf-lv.
^
12460
digitta
W.
Amer.
J&l.
broad
jaggod-lv.^3t A oror
12461 lacinita
W.
Amer. 1S02.
1S1L I)D Bot. w
high-crowned
}.2462
N.N. Amer.
S Bot r 12463 columnris
subtomentsaPA.Ph. downy-lobed
N.N. Amer.
1.
three-lobed
12464
triloba
W.
Amer
17!*. DD p.lf.| Bwerl4.en~Bot roag.
great-hairy
12465
hlrta
W.
N.
Amer.
17*1.
emall-hairv
1246G
flgida ..
S CO . .1. I, t, S
ego
Carolina
1812.
smooth
12407
lvigta
Louisiana
1793.
D p.l Bot
mag. .,
1248 amplexiflia W. stem-clasping
N.
Amer.
.
D
Seeiiirt*
purple
1
PA.
N. Am. 1823.
late
12470 purprea
sertina Smrt
730
12427
W.W.
1242X serceum
spinsum
124J9
aqulicum
W.if.
1*430
martiinuin
12*31
MlicitVilium
W.
12438 gramliflrum
12433
corddlium if.W.
History, Use, Propagation, CVH'r',

^ . l"
i""nicatc,l
rilh fftEtm*
cnutlve
of
the
sun,
than
the
(IpMk
sun-flower,
w.tb itsis BMwjgJ
, Wh
he M*' ^ l
the
ceases toareadore
whiletownrdi
the earth
illuminait
west,sunthewhich
flowersit ofnever
Helianthus
turned
him ; and
w hen smJ J" ^ ^ tllc . joi],j,.
ready
to be cherished
byknown
the tirstborder
Influence
of his bcama.
Tnerc The
arc varieties "
,
H annuui
isawellfloreU
annual,
t0""1,?"!,,^Vflower.,
the tubular
beiliR changed
intowhich
ligularwillones,
like t ill U" !
' tlI,r.wholerWJJJJtb
ticuhirly
the
flower,
exudes
a
thin
pellucid
odorous
resin.
'""""V"
":!r
-oultry.
edible
thev areerror
also; excellent
food hetornever
""!
; .....
the sun,oil ishasby been
someexpressed,
consideredand
a popular
Gerardo says
u
,uberus,
has
seen
four
flowers
on
the
same
stem
pointing
to
the
tour
cardinal
"""-.
of
,
ltalu
JJWt
Cer., and
IUL, i. inclalled
**f
f ,
nd Artichoke,
from(JiroscA-,
the resemblance
flavorJerusalem,
which thefrom
tubersthehale
wwi^^mml
; befot
'"""."re
in
considerable
esteem
on
the
continent
as
a
substitute
Sor that ",

thev
were
a
good
deal
in
use
in
this
country.
Their
vegetable A niilltitlorus a showy autumnal flower.
Cu:
I
S; iiss r.i
fct.
l: DaD kJfes,
: J,is ?
Oidib IL
731
12*27
Leaves
opposite
close
spetulate
oblong silky,
Scale
of itivoL
setaceous
hirsute
12428
Leaves
altrnate
obi.
lane
amplexicaul.
entire
hirsute,
Invol.
leafy
mncroiiale
12429 InvoL
InvoL bluntly
leafy sessile
axillary,
Leaves spatulate,
oblong blunt
alternate
nearly entire. Stein dichotomouf
121*
bluntlv
stalked,subscrrated
Lvs. alternate
herbaceous
184.il
Loaves
alternateleafyobL-lanc.
3-nerved
villous,Stem
Invol.
naked,Stem
Stemherbaceous
herbaceous
1242
Izares alternate
lane somewhat
tootliletted
smooth,
InvoL
naked,
12433 Leave* alternate : lower stalked cordate doubly serrated : upper sess. ovate serrated. Stems nerbaceoua
FRUSTRANEA.
1243* Leaves
Leaves allall cordate
cordate 3-nerved,
3-norved, Pedunc.
Pedunc. evenswed,
thick. HeadsInvol.
cemuous
12*35
leafy
12*36
Leaves
cordatecunate
at
base
villous
3-nerved,
Pedum*,
thick
fistular
_Rnys obovate
12437
acuminatenarrowed
atbase }unequally
serrateKay
scabrous,
19438 Leaves
Leaves ovate
3-nerved
scabrous : lower cordate
upper ovate,
many-fl. Pedunc.
Scales offiliform,
invol. lanceolate
I
12439 Stems
Leavesslender
3-nervedabout
scabrous
: lowerLeaves
cordate-ovate
; upperat ovate
acum alternate, Petioles ciliated at base
124*0
1-headed,
linear revoluto
edge rough
12441
Leaves ovate
ovate acuminate
acuminate 3-nerved
:i-nerved closely
sorrateilserrated
scabrousscabrous
above hoary
beneath,
Invol.
squairose
12*42
Leaves
above
hoary and
softsubciliated,
beneath Rays 10or IX
12443
Lvs. lane,
ov. acum.
remotclv
serrt
3-nerv.
scabr.: Scales
ofinvoL
lane: nearly
equal
12*4*
Lvs.
acuminate
scabr.
serrated
3-nerved
upper
entire.
Scales
of
invol.
lane,
ciliated,
Stem
procumu.
12445
Lvs.
ovite
acuminate
serrated
3-nervednarrow,
scabrousat end
beneath.
Scales
of invol. Bn. Une
ciliatedinvoL
at base
12441,
Lvs.
altern,
lane
scrr.
scabr
3-nerved
stalked,
Petiolesciliated,
Scalesof
lane
12*47 Smooth,
Lvs. altern,Stemlanepantciod,
serr. scabr.
obsol. 3-nerv.
narrow,atattop,eachLvs.endsenile
sul-sess.veryciliat.
atbase,
laneciliaL
CiL
12*43
Branche
few-flowered
long
entire:Scale*ofinv.
lower serrated
12*49
Stem
hispid
spreading,
Leaves
ovate
rigid
scabrous.
Peduncles
very
long
1-flowercd
12450 Leaves
ahem,
oracuminate
opp. sessileserrated
linear revolute
atvery
Igerough
entireon1-nerved,
Heads
12451
Leaves
ov.
lanelane
3-nerved
Scalescorymbose
hn. lane,
12452 Leaves
Leaves amplexicaul.
altem,
serrated
scabrous
3-nerved
narrowed
at each
each side,
end woolly
atofinvoL
base, Stem
. ciliated
in - rows
t9
Heads
on
lontr
stHlk.
.~c
i
la1 . m
Lv "Slkrf
Stem erect hair?
D'*k ?f hcod dark P"^
withtnchotomo.
S s< t.p slender few-fl.
BUS Leave,
Leave, opp.
.ubsc.
0(1J,"*.^. ?'^
ovate 3-nerved,
PaniMe
trichotornous
4S7
serrated
Scale
r- spatulate
p. crenatei,fi2SlcIUC,culcrenate3-nerved scabrous, Scales of invol.
erectdowny,
the length
of ofdiskin.
siJH"! SWc.oblong.lanceoUteB.bse^tc, Ray tflowered
V-f
iols*
S Clsi:,
Di -
! '; H ?"Khe 11,.,,- r m\' ?'"' ' "" : "'gm- '"icar, InrA ,,,,10
- , i^ver leaves nroad-ovate tapered at ba,e remotely toothed very roush, Ray. S-toothed
12-138
genus has Pvcn

rise fathe"LolK'wLanfdn",en*!ve
"1"<"1 rarUatan.
*"'lVtL""S!
""merou,
trlb "P1"*, * Hlianthe, hieb II
i> Bn^T? t,he most difficult tn X,. . lbM ?f ComP"l'=. nd on account of its strict affinity with
;110*
belS
,
H
SP
wi.lh
P,'"Although
it is perfectly
natural,
there
f'ofA?rf<1,fa"n,.
AlmostfaMi ,L
^$ U"f""Hethe
""* to are
mny
exceptions,
and to several
more rofyetless
liAlh,4 nd scareelV,
^J1^'.?
natives
of America,
Asia,im.,
17ft GjmMofc^
*-"">. 1 hey appear to be entirely unknown in the southern parts of tho
ni?'bvci Prom
n',ked, Wld
aD I aHusion to the nature of the margin of
^S^f^tS^SS^ htT" 01^!, ", professor of botany at UpnL who died of grief
' was
tbe neverthediscovery
- -
- - - - --
732
SYNGENESIA FRUSTRA NEA.
t 1801. GALARD1A. W. GALARD1A.

12471 bicolor JV.
two-colored
Composite.
3. A or
1803. COS'MEA. W.
12473 latea B. M.
12474 sulphrea W.
12475 bipinnta W.
12476 parviflra W.
f*1804. COREOPSIS. W.
12477 ferulaeflia JW.
12478 verticillta Jy.
12479 tenuifolia W.
12480 chrysntha W.
12481 area W.
[O] pr
yellow-flowered to pr
Southernw.-lvd. O pr
purple-floweredic la pr
white-flowered
O pr
CosMEA.
CoREopsis.
Fennel-leaved
whorl-leaved
slender-leaved
Angelica-leav.
Hemp-leaved
sy. A
Y. A
St A
2 (O)
A or
A or
three-leaved
six-leaved
$12182 tripteris W.
12483 senifolia W.
12484 alba W.
or
or
or
or
A or
12488 tinctria Nutt.
climbing
* [A] or
Jagged-leaved 2 (A or
trailin
(O) or
lanceolate
O) or
Dyer's
O or
12489 auriculta W.
12490 latiflia Jy.
ear-leaved
broad-leaved
A or
12491 argta Ph.
sharp-notched
A or
A or
12485 incisa B. reg.

12486 reptans W.
12487 lanceolta W.
12492 crassiflia W.
12493 angustiflia
#
alta W.
W.
12495 procera W.
1805. SIM'SIA. Pers.
12496 ficifolia Pers.
thick-leaved
A or
narrow-leaved Y. A or
wing-stalked St A or
tall
Sy A or
2 jLau
2 jl.au
2 jLau
Y
Pu
W
Compositae.
3.
Y
3 jl.o
Y
:"
2 jl.au
2 jls
3 au.s
6 au.o
4 au o
6 jn.jl
6 s.d
6 jls
3 jls
2 myo
6
3
2
3
au.o
au.s
au.s
au.o
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
W.
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
2 jn.au
3 jl.au
Y
Y
8 s.o
Sivisia.
Compositae.
#:
fig-leaf
12497 amplexicanlis Pers. stem-clasping
Sp. 1-2.
":
's 1787.
jlo ":
*::cru, 1818.
on ":
1811.
2 jlo
Compositae.
1802. TITHO'NIA. Desf TithoN1A.

12472 tagetiflra W.
Marigold-flow.
Mexico
1799.
Mexico
Mexico
1799.
1800.
Co
Bot. reg. 591

Bot. mag. 1689
Jac. ic. 3. t. 595
Bot. mag. 1535

Jac. schoe.3.t-374
Sp. 19-32.
'':
1799.
N. Amer. 1759.
N. Amer. 1780,
W. Indies 1752.
N. Amer. 1785.
N. Amer. 1737.
N. Amer, 1812.
Jamaica 1699.
W. Indics ...
W. Indies 1792.
Carolina 1724.
Missouri 1822.
N. Amer. 1699.
N. Amer. 1786.
Carolina
...
Carolina 1786.
Bot. mag. 2059

Bot mag. 156
Plman. t.344.f4
Plum, ic. 53. f. I
Moris.s.7.t5.f44
Herm. para. 124
Bot reg. 7
Smith spic. t. 2
Bot. cab. 821
Plu.alm. t.83.f5
N. Amer. 1778.
Cav. ic. 3. t. 260
Mexico
1803.
N. Amer. 1765.
2-3.
exico
1799.
1806.
Cav. ic. l. t. 77
Oswrites.
1809. CULLU'MIA. H. K. CulluMia.

ciliated
*
12502 ciliris H. K.
12503 setsa H. K.
recurv. smooth-lv.*
LJ or
U or
recurv, awl-lvd. * u_J or
Composite.
2
Sp. 3.
G. H.
2 jn.au Y
C. G. H.
2 jn.au Y
C. G. H.
12504 squarrsa H. K.
1810. BERCKHE*Y.A. H. K. BERckhev.A.
Y
# G. H.
12505 cynaroides W.
Artichoke cup. x. LA or 1 jn
12506 obovta W.
C. G. H.
smooth-shrubb, * L or 2 jm.au Y
12507 incna W.
C. G. H.
hoary
* L or 2 jl.au Y
12508 cuneata W.
C. G. H.
wedge-leaved a u_J or 2 jn.au Y
C. G. H.
palmated
* u_j or 3 jn.au Y
12509 palmta W.
C. G. H.
large-flowered a u_J or 2 jn au Y
12510 grandiflra W.
12511 uniflra JV.
C. G. H.
single-flowered ual or 3 jm.au Y
12512 cernua H. K.
C. G. H.
drooping-flow. it [O] or 2 my.jl Y
1811. DIDELTA. py.
Didelta.
Composite. Sp. 2.
12513 carnsum W.
Y
C. G. H.
alternate-leav'd at U_Jun 3 jn.jl
Y
C. G. H.
12514 s, undsum W.
opposite-leaved it u_Jun 3 jn.jl
12471
Bot. mag. 1602
Sp. 1.
O un 3
......
Y. A un 4 jLau Y
1}
ap.]
W.
C.
G.
H.
12498 camphorina W. Camphire-scent. *t J pr
12499 dentata Thunb.
toothed
* L-J pr 14 apjl
W.
C. G. H.
1807. ENCE Ll A. Cav. ENcella.
Composite. Sp. 1-2.
Or
e:
12500 canscens Cav.
downy-leaved - LI pr 1: jl
1808. SCLEROCAR'PUS. Jy. Sclerocampus.
Composite. Sp. 1.
12501 africanus W.
African
1C, un 2 jl.au Y
suinea
1806. OSMITES. W.
CLAss XIX.
Se, mu. 1..t.90.f.8
1794.
1820.
1786.
Bot reg. 909
1812.
Jac. ic. 1. t. 176
1774.
1780.
Bur, afr. t.54 f.1
1786.
Th, act. haf:3.t.5
1789.
1794.
1739.
1812.
1800.
1812.
1815.
1774.
1774.
1774.
Hon.h.6t,34 f2
Jac.ic. 3. t. 591
Th.act ha-3.t.10
Th, act.ha-3.tl3
Bot. mag. 1844
Th, act, haf3.t.7

Co
Meerb ic. l. t.40
LHer stirpt.28
Wen.obs.t.4.f3?
12472
Bistory, Use, Propagation, Culture,

1801. Galardia. Fougeroux de Bondaroy, the nephew of Duhamel, dedicated this genus to M. Gaillard de
Charentonneau, an amateur of botany.
1802 Tithonia. A fanciful name given to this plant by Desfontaines, because of the color of its flower,
which resembles Yellow Morning, or Aurora, whose husband was Tithonus.
1803. Cosmea.
From zeroes, beautiful, on account of the elegance of the foliage.

From zoeir, a bug, and -lls, resemblance. ts seed is convex on one side, and concave on
the other; it has
a membranous margin, and it has two little horns at the end which gives it very much the
some insect. C. verticillata is a handsome shrubbery plant, continuing long in flower; the
florets are used in North America, to dye cloth red. C. tinctoria is a very handsome border annual.
1805. Simsia.
by Persoon, after Dr. John Sims, the co-editor with Mr. Knig, of the excellent
Annals of 130tany,Named
and for many years the sole editor of the Botanical Magazine.
1804. Coreopsis.
appearance of
ORDER III.
SYNGENES1A FRUSTRAN.E.A.
75.3
12471 Stem branched, Leaves lanc. Paleae of pappus entire awned

12473
12474
12475
12476
Leaves pinnate and bipinnatifid, Pinnae serrated somewhat decurrent, Ray few-flowered neuter
Leaves bipinnatifid: segm, lanc. Segm of exterior invol. lanceolate
Leaves bipinnate, Leaflets linear subulate, Scales of outer invol. ovate
Leaves bipinnate, Leaflets filiform, Scales of outer invol. lanceolate
12477 Leaves bipinn. Pinnules lin, lanc. not broader than their rib
12478 Leaves 1 3 or 5-pinnated: pinnae lin. 3-parted and undivided, Disk discolored
12479 Leaves whorled 3 or 5-pinnated: pinnae lin. 3-parted and undivided, Disk same color as raw
12480 Leavesternate ovate-obl. serrated, Ray same color as disk
12481 Leaves serrated: radical 3-parted: cauline trifid or entire lanc. linear.
12482 Leaves entire: radical pinnated; cauline in threes lanc. stalked
12483 Leaves entire ternate sessile
12484 Leaves subternate cuneate serrated

12485 Villous, Leaves stalked quinate and ternate: leaflets ovate-lanc. subpinnatifid or cut scrrated
12486 Leaves serrated ovate: upper ternate, Stem creeping
12487 Leaves lanceolate entire ciliated
12488 Rad. leaves pinnate or bipinnate entire, Outer leaves of involucre short, Ray discolored at base
12489 Leaves entire ovate: lower ternate
12490 Leaves ovate acuminate crenate toothed, Grains naked
12491 Leaves stalked lanc. ovate by degrees acuminate finely serrated, Corymbs dichotomous term and axillary
12492
1249.3
12494
12495
Leaves obovate oblong entire downy

Leaves alternate lin, lanc. entire smooth, Ray oblong trifid: middle segm, largest
Stem winged, Leaves alternate scabrous roundish ovate cuneate at base 3-nerved
Leaves ellipt. acuminate serrated stalked veiny decurrent: lower whorled, upper alternate
12496 Leaves 3-lobed toothed roughish, Petiole naked at base

12497 Hoary, Leaves somewhat palmate 3-lobed, Petiole leafy at base amplexicaul.
12498 Leaves lanc. obsoletely serrated toothed at base smooth
12499 Leaves obovate toothed villous
12500 Cor. of ray-4-fid nearly equal to disk, Leaves hoary with down
12502 Leaves ovate smooth imbricated at the edge and rib ciliate-spiny, Spine of the end reflexed
12503 Leaves alternate obl recurved smooth ciliate-spiny, Leaves of invol. ciliated
12504 Leaves altern lanc. subulate recurved smoothlsh ciliat. spiny decurr. at base, Scgm of invol. ciliate spiny
12505 Cauline leaves altern. amplexicaul. ciliate spiny: radical cntire unarmed, Scales of invol. entire
12506 Leaves opp. obl.lanc. narrowed at base spiny-toothed smooth, Scales of invol. ciliate spiny
12507 Leaves altern. ovate spiny-toothed 3-nerved netted hoary villous, Scales of invol. toothed spiny villous
12508 Leaves altern. obl. cuneiform spiny-toothed villous on each side, Scales of invol. toothed spiny
12509 Leaves altern lanc. pinnatifid downy beneath: segm, entire spiny at end, Scales of invol. 3 or 5-fid
12510 Leaves opp. lanc. 3-nerved spiny-toothed downy beneath, Scales of invol. spiny-toothed
[toothed
12511 Leaves altern lanc. spiny-toothed downy beneath, Stem herbaceous 1-headed, Scales of invol. lanc. spiny
12512 Leaves altern lanc. amplexicaul. spiny-toothed ciliated smooth on each side, Heads cernuous
12513 Leaves altern. lanceolate oblong fleshy
12514 Leaves opp. somewhat amplexicaul ovate
12496
1806. Osmiles. From orum, perfume.
One of the species gives out a strong smell of Camphor.
1807. Encelia. A name of Adanson's, the meaning of which is unknown. A pretty half shrubby plant.
with grey soft leaves.
1:
Sclerocarpus. From *****, hard, and xatros, fruit, with reference to the bony covering of the
ain.
*',
Cullumia... Named after Sir Thomas Cullum, an English baronet, and one of the earliest promoters of
the principles of Linnaeus in this country. He is still living, at a very advanced age.
1810. Berckheya. Named after John Yet' de Berckhey, a Dutch botanist.
1811. Didelta... From 2 s, double, and Bra, a Greek letter equivalent to the English D; because the
receptacle resembles a double triangle.
734
SYNGENESIA FRUSTRA NEA.
1812. GORTE'Rl A. W.
12515 personata W.
Gontenia.
procumbent
1813, GAZA'NIA. H. K.
12516 rigens H. K.
12517 uniflra B. M.
12518 Pavnia H. K.
12519 subulta H. K.
ICl or
GAzANiA.
great-flowered a L-J or
arden
*u-J or
eacock
awl-leaved
1814. CRYPTOSTEM"M.A.
1815. ARCTOTHE CA. J.W.
12530 pilifera Ker.

1817. ZOEGEA. W.
12531 Leptarea W.
1818. LEUZEA. Dec.
12532 conifera Dec.
12533 altica Link.
O or
O or
O or
LA or
Composite.
I ji.au Y
###
re-u-lel
smooth-seeded a u_j el
piliferous
*-i- el
O un
Compositae.
* jl.au Or
A or
A or
Compositae.
4.jn.s
Pu
# jn.s
Pu
ZOEGEA.
yellow-flowered
Leuzea.
Cono
Altai
12545 nigrscens W.
12546 Triumftti Jy.
12547 montna W.
12548 axillris W.
12549 Cynus W.
12550 paniculta. W.
12551 spinsa W.
Black Knapweed Y. A w
dark
SY. A un
Triumfetti's
mountain
axillary
Blue-bottle
1 myau Pu
13 jn.au Pu
sy. A un 1 jn.au
St A or 13.jn.au
St A or 1 jn.au
O or 3 jn.au
panicled
CD or
prickly-branch. St.-a or
Sp. 1.
C. G. H.
1793.
D co
Jac.schoe.3t.306
Compositae. Sp. 7.
* jls
Y
C. G. H. 1774. S co Bot mag. 544
1 ap.au Y
C. G. H. 1768. C lip Bur. afr. t. 65.f.1
1 ap.au Y
C. G. H. 1774. C 1.p
1 my...au Y
C. G. H. 1789. C 1.p
13.jn.jl Y
C. G. H. 1787. C 1-p Burm. afr. t. 64
1 apjn Y
C. G. H. 1774. C lp
1* d
Y
C. G. H. 1821. C lip Bot reg. 604
*1819. CENTAU/REA. W. CENTAURY.

Composite.
12534 phrygia W.
feathery-calyx. Sy a or 13 jn.o - Pu
12535 salicifolia Bieb.
Willow-leaved
A or 1, jno
Pu
12536 pectinta W.
pectinated
A or
jl.o
Pu
12537 austriaca JV.
Austrian
A or
jn.o
Pu
$12538 uniflra W.
one-headed
A or
jn.o
Pu
12.539 flosculsa W.
flosculous
a or 1 jn.o
Pu
12:540 nervosa W en.
nerved
Y A or 11 jn.s
Pu
12541 trichocphala W. downy-calyxed Y. A or 1 jl.au Pu
12542 rivulris Brot.
river-side
St A or 2 jl.s
Br
12543 hyssopifolia W.
Hyssop-leaved in
U or
* jl.au
Pu
12544 nigra W.
13 jn.jl
Arctotheca.
small-leaved
1755. C. p.l. Bot mag. 90

1816. C p.I Bot. mag. 2270
C. G. H. 1804. C
Bot. reg.35
C. G. H. 1792. D Lp
1 jl.au Y
Composite.
1 jm.au Y. Pu C. G. H. 1752. S co Bot. mag. 2252 .
1 jl.au Y
C. G. H. 1731. S co
1 jl.au Y
C. G. H. 1794. S co
1816. SPHENOGYNE. H. K. SphexoGYNE.

12524 anthemoides H. K. white-crowned
O el
12525 crithmiflia H. K. Samphire-leav. tr. LJ el
12526 scarisa H. K.
scaly-cupped re-u-J el
12527 abrotaniflia H. K. Southernw.-lv. n. Jel
12528 dentta H. K.
12529 odorta H. K.
Jac.col.4t21.fi
D. G. H.
C. G. H.
Y. LA or
creeping
Sp. 13.
G. H. 1774. S. co
$ 4-9.
it ua or
CRYPtostemMA.
12520 calendulceum H. K. Marygold-flow.

12521 hypochondriacum H.K. divided-rayed
12522 runcintum H. K. Dandelion-lvd.
12523 rpens W.
Compositae.
jLau
Y
Compositae.
1 mys. Or
1 jl.au Y
CLAss XIX.
Pu
B
Pu
B
1779.
#S. 2-5.
Europe 1683.
Van
S co
Jac.ic. 1. t. 177
-
D 1.p Ann. mu. 16t.14

1822. D co
Siberia
101-182.
Caucasus 1823. D co
France
1727.
Austria 1815.
S. Europe 1819.
Ital
1818.
S. Europe 1815.
Siberia
1805.
Portugal 1812.
Spain
1812.
Fl. dan. 520
D co
D
D
D
D
D
D
co
co
co co
co Gm.s.2t:45.f.1.2
co
C co
Barr. ic.306
Britain
past. D co
Hungary 1805. D co
Eng bot. 278
M. Cenis 1820.
Austria 1596.
Austria 1823.
Britain cornfi.
Bot. mag. 77
D
D
D
S.
co
co
co
co
Eng bot, 277
14 jl.au
Pu
Europe
1640. S. co Jac. aust 4t.320
2 jl.s
Pu
Candia
1640. C. p.1
Bot. mag. 2493
12518
12520 \\

1812. Gorteria. Named after David Gorter, a Dutchman, professor of botany at Harderwych, and after
wards physician to Elizabeth, Empress of Russia. He published a Flora Belgica in 1767, and assisted
Rraschenninikoff in his Flora Ingrica G. Rigens is a very showy plant when the flowers are fully expanded.
All the species are of easy culture.
f
1813. Gazania. Supposed to have been so called from ya'a, riches, in allusion to the splendour of the
owers.
1814. Cryptostemma. From zevarrow, concealed, and sixta, a crown; the scaly crown of the grains being
involved in wool. Tender annuals, natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
1815. Arctotheca. See Arctotis, from which this has been divided.
1816. Sphenogyne. So called from rex", a wedge, and yurn, a female, in allusion to the wedge-shaped stigmas.
*: annual flowers.
1817, Zoegea. Named after Dr. J. Zoega, who published a Flora Islandica in 1775.
Leptaurea is an
abbreviation
of Lepto-centaurea,
small centaurea.
1818. Leuzea.
ivided by M. Decandolle,
from Centaurea, from which it differs in not having the outer
florets b:
" the pappus with simple hair, nor

-
-:
the insertion of the fruit oblique.
He named it after his
SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.
ORDER III.
785
12915 Leaves lanc. entire and sinuated, Stem erect, Flowers stalked
12516 Leaves lanc. spatulate and pinnatifidentire white with down beneath, Pedunc. 1-headed terminal
12517 Stem shrubby decumbent, Leaves spatulate-lanceolate downy beneath, Ray same color as disk
12518 Leaves pinnatifid hairy above downy beneath: segm. oval-lanc. Scape 1-headed. Stem decumbent
12519 Stem leafy decumbent 1-headed, Leaves subulate linear revolute at edge downy beneath
12520 Ligulae undivided, Leaves pinnatifid toothed downy beneath
12521 Ligulae 3-5-parted, Leaves lyrate downy
12522 Ligulae 3-5-parted, Leaves runcinate toothed downy beneath

12524 Smooth, Lvs. bipinnatifid or pinnatifid linear-filiform, Lvs. of pappus white

12525 Smooth, Lvs. pinnatifid linear filiform, Outer leaflets of invol. subulate
12526 Leaves bipinnatifid or pinnatifid linear filiform smooth, Scales of invol. scarious blunt shining
12527 Leaves bitripinnatifid and invol. downy
12528 Leaves pinnatifid smoothish: segm. 2-3-toothed, Teeth piliferous, Outer scales of invol. lanceolate
12529 Leaves flat smooth cut pinnatifid at end, Outer Ivs. of invol. scarious at end, Pappus obsolete
12530 Leaves fleshy linear pinnatifid and bipinnatifid, Pappus much shorter than the florets of disk
12531 The radical and lower cauline leaves pinnatifid
12532 Leaves tomentose: root ones lanceolate; stem ones pinnatifid, Stem simple
1253.3 Flower very large
$ 1. CYANUs. Involucrum ciliated, unarmed.

* Involucrum with feathery setae.
12534 Inv. recurved-feathery, Leaves oblong undivided scabrous mucronate serrulated
12535 Inv. recurved-feathery top-shaped, Leaves oblong undivided scabrous mucronate serrulated, Stem simple
12536 invol. recurved feathery, Leaves mucronate-serrated: lower stem ones sinuate pinnatifid
12537 Invol. recurv. feathery, Lvs. egg-shap.undivid scabr. gross tooth. : upp. ones and those of branches undivid.
12538 Invol. recurved feathery, Leaves lanceolate sometimes toothed down
12539 invol. recurved feathery, Head without a neutral ray, Leaves hairy ince late remotely toothed
12540. Invol. recurved feathery, Leaves ovate lanceolate toothed at base nerved downy, Corollas flosculous
12541 Invol. recurved feathery pubescent, Leaves linear-lanceolate quite entire scabrous
12542 invol. erect feathery, Lower lvs. lanc. attenuat. into the petiole serrul.; caul. ov.-obl. downy on each side
12543 Invol. recurved feathery pubesc. Head without a neutral ray, Lvs. lin. quite entire, Stem somew, shrubby
** Involucrum with ciliated appendages.
12544 Scales of the invol. ovate ciliated with capillary teeth, Lower leaves angularlyrate: upper ones ovate
12545. Innermost invol. scales scarious, Rootlvs. obsoletely pinnatif.; lowerstem ones somew-tooth, at the base;
upper ones undivided quite entire
12546 Invol. serrated with whiteciliae, Leaves decurrent deeply pinnatifid, Pinnae generally two
12547. Invol. serrated, Leaves smoothish lanceolate quite entire decurrent, Stem simple
12548. Invol. ciliated variegated, Leavessessile linear downy, Stem 1-headed
12549 Scales of the involucre serrated, Leaves linear entire: the owermost toothed
12550 Invol. ciliated egg-shaped, Scales flat close-pressed: Lowerivs. bipinnatif. : upperpinnatif. Stem panicled
12551 invol. ciliated, Rootlvs. undivided and pinnatifid smooth, Stemivs. downy pinnatifid, Branches spinous
and Miscellaneous Parraculars.
1819. Centaurea.
It is said, that with this plant, the Centaur Chiron cured the wound in his foot made by
the arrow of Hercules, Crupina is from the Dutch verb kruipen, which signifies to creep; because the dark
multifid pappus resembles the legs of a creeping insect.
Phrygia signifies dry (3:vytes), in allusion to its calyx.

Jacea is said to have been so named from jacene, to lie down, on account of its prostrate habit.
Calcitrapa, the Latin of a caltrop, or iron ball covered with stiff spines, formerly used in warfare to impede
the operations of cavalry. Its calyx is very like one of these instruments.
Centaurea Crocodilium is so named, because the spines of the calyx have been fancifully likened to the claws
of a Crocodile.
Verutum, the name of another species, is the Latin of a short javelin used by the Roman foot-soldiers.
The spines on its calyx resemble a small dart.
C. nigra is a harsh stubborn weed in meadows and permanent pastures, seldom touched by cattle either green
or in hay, and with difficulty extirpated., C. cyanus, Bluet, Fr., Kornblume, Ger., and Ciano, Ital, is a common
weed in corn fields, on gravelly soils, throughout kurope, and also a popular border annual. The expressed
juice of the natural florets makes a good ink; it also stains linen of a beautiful blue, but the color is not per
manent. C. benedicta was so called from its being supposed to possess extraordinary medical powers; it was
12555 argntea W.
12556 coricea W.
12557 Fischeri JW en.
12558 macrocphala W.
12559 atropurpurea W.
12560 alta JW.
12561 elongta W.
12562 Scabisa W
12563 intybcea H. K.
12564 maculsa P. S.
12565 Stoebe W.
12566 ochroleca W.
12567 ovina W.
hoary-leaved
-AJ or
gray
A or
mealy
A or
silver-leaved
a J or
leathery-leaved Sy A or
Fischer's
A or
A or
large-headed
dark-purule
St A or
winged-stalked St A or
long
A or
rk": A
Succory-leaved Y. A or
spotted-calyxed St A or
wing-leaved
A or
Caucasian
sheep's
evergreen
12570 tatrica JV.
Tartarian
12571 calocphala W. en.
white-leaved
12575 centauroides W.
Buck's-horn
O or
small-flowered y A or
crook-spined St A or
lyre-leaved
A or
12576 collina W.
12577 rupstris W.
hill
rock
12578 pubscens W.
downy
Syrian
great-golden
12572 coronopiflia W.
12573 parviflra W.
12574 reflxa W.
12579 Balsamita JV.

area W.
2581 peregrina W.
W.
12583 srdida W.
12584 hybrida IV.
12585 rigida W.
12586 sonchiflia W.
12587 crunta W en.
12588 Sridis W.
12589 romna W.
12590 frox JV.
soft-leaved
rayed
3 jlau
2 jn.jl
14.jl.au
jl.au
jn.jl
2 jn.jl
3 jn.au
3 jn.au
1* au.s
'i,
2 aus
A or
A or
A or
St A
A
O)
St A
or
or
or
or
sordid
sy A or
hybrid
rigid
3. A or
St A or
Italy
Italy
Pu
Pu
Pu
Pa.Y
Pu
Vi
Y
Pu
Y
Vi
Hungary 1804. D
Barr. ic. t. 218

Plrar.hu.2.f.195.
Bot mag. 1248
D
D
Hungary 1802. D
Tartary 1781. D
Barbary 1823. D
Plrar.hu.2t-116
Went cels. 80
Britain
Eng. bot 56
cornfi. D
S. Europe 1778. D
|
|
Candia
1816. D
1759. D
1801. D
1802. D
1683. C
1710. C
Tartary
1801. D
Levant
1816. D
Spain
Levant
W.
Gm.s.2.t.44f1,2
Bot. mag. 1175
Bocc.sic. t.39.f.3
Bot mag. 494
1739. S
Barbary
1823. D
Iberia
1801.
Col. ecph. 1. t.35
S. Europe 1739. D
S. Europe 1596. D
Italy
1804. D
......
1804.
Bot. mag. 421
Siberia
Gm.sib.2,t.47.1.1
1804.
......
1818. D
Tauria
1822. D
1823. D
Mediterr. 1780.
......
1816.
in
1686.
onne
1739.
Roman
Sy O) or
hedgehog
-AJ or
A or
12591 sphaerocphala IV. globe-headed
12592 isnrdi. W
Jersey
Sy A or
Turnip-leaved
O or
12593 napifolia W.
rough
O or
12594 aspera W.
12595 pullta. W.
various-colored Y. A or
many-spined
O or
12596 polyacntha W.
Blessed. Thistle
O or
12597 benedicta JV.
12598 solstitialis W.
Barnaby's Thistle O or
cluster-headed
O or
12599 melitensis W.
Co-ecp.lt. etf2
Syria
1820. D
S. Europe 1758. D
S. Europe 1749. S
A or
A or
urple-flower'd
Mor. s.7. t.26 fan

Jac. vind. l. t. 92
Siberia
1816.
Caucasus 1805.
Siberia
Austria?
Y Caucasus
Caucasus
Sow-thistle-lvd. Y. A or
obovate-leaved
1710. D
1710. D
Caucasus 1804. D
Candia
1739. C
#11 jn.au
jls
jl.au
1 jn.jl
A or 14.jl au
A or 1 jl.n
y: A or 11.jl.au
ri. Li or 2 jn.jl
A or 2 jl.au
A or 3 jn.au
12568 sempervirens AV.

12569 ragusina W.
12582
Class XIX.
SYNGENESMA FRUSTRANEA.
736
12552 Cinerria W.
12553 cinrea W.
12554 dealbta W.
Pluk-phyt.39 fil
D
D
D
S
Plu.alm.t-38 fl
Barr. rar. t. 504
Desf...atl. 2, t_242
Barbary 1790. S
S. Europe 1683. D
Britain Jersey. D
Candia
1691.
S. Europe 1772. S
S. Europe 1759. D
Portugal 1804. S
Boc mus.35.t.26
Lob ic. t.542 f2
Spain
1548. S
England fields. S
Malta
1710. S
Zorn.ic. 122
12600 sulphrea W. en.
sulphur-colored
12601 sicula W.
12002 Admi W.
Sicilian
Adams
O or
O or
O or
Siberia
1815. S
1710. S
1804. S
12603 straminea W.
straw-colored
O or
Egypt
1801. S
12604 eriphora W.
12605 Calcitrapa W.
12606 calcitrapoides W.
O or
O or
Portugal 1714. S
England graso. S
12607 Vertum hy.
woolly-headed
Star-thistle
Phoenician
dwarf
O or
O or
Levant
Levant
1683.
1780.
12608 aegyptiaca IV.
Egyptian
Egypt
1790. C
Sicily
A A or
Bot. mag. 2551

Eng. bot 2.256
Herm. par. t. 189
12569
S
S
Eng bot. 243

Bocc. sic, t.35
Bocc. sic.t.8. f1
cO
W. hort ber 26
Jac.ic. l. t. 178
Eng. bot. 125

l
12564
said not only to destroy worms and cure fevers, but also the plague, and the most putrid and stubborn ulcers
and cancers. At present it is in no estimation whatever.
It has by some botanists been thought advisable to separate this genus into several others; but the differ.
-
*"Pon which the separation has been made depend upon variations in the form of the involucrurs,
ORnER II 1.
SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.
737
12:52 Invol. ciliated, Leaves downy very white all compound: lowest bipinnatifid; highest pinnate-laciniated
12553 Invol. ciliated. Leaves somewhat downy cinereous: lower ones pinnate-laciniate; upper ones simple
12534 Invol. ciliated, Lvs. downy undern. Rootlvs. bipinnatifid: segm, lanceolate acute, Stem-leaves pinnatifid
12555 Invol. serrated, Leaves downy: root ones pinnated; upper I-eared
12556 Invol. ciliat smooth, Lvs. pinnatif scabr. Segm. obl.lanc. acute: highest root ones sometimes cut at base
12:57 Invol. ciliated sphacelate, Scales spreading. Leaves obl.lanc. entire villous downy: cauline decurrent
12558 Invol. scales roundish egg-shaped ciliated, Leaves oblong lanc. undivided very scabrous acute serrated
12559 Invol. scales ovate lanceolate serrate-ciliated, Leaves bipinnatifid, Segments '
12560 Invol. egg-shaped smooth, Scales somew, scar at tip, Lvs greenish decurr. undivided: radical ones lyrate
12561 Inv. scales scar at tip serr Lvs. scab. at edge: root ones obl. tooth.; stem ones lanc.somew.decurr. quiteent.
12562 Scales of the involucre ciliated ovate pubescent, Leaves pinnatifid roughish: the segm. lanceolate acute
12563 Invol. ciliated nearly globular, Leaves deeply pinnatifid, Segments linear
12364 Invol. ciliated ovate roundish beautifully spotted, Leaves slender bipinnatifid, Stem a little panicled
12565 Invol. ciliated oblong, Leaves pinnatifid linear quite entire
12566 Invol. serrated, Leaves oblong serrated decurrent and undivided
[branched divaricated
12567 Invol. ciliat. Scales ovate-lanc. spread. at tip, Lower Ivs. bipinnatif lanc lin. : upper ones pinnatifid, Stein
12568 Invol. ciliated, Leaves lanceolate serrated: lowest tooth elongated so as to appear like a stipule
12569 Invol. ciliated, Leaves downy pinnatifid, Segments obtuse egg-shaped quite entire: outer ones largest
12570 Invol. ciliated, Leaves scabrous: underneath pinnatifid, Segments lanceolate sometimes toothed
12571 Invol. scarious, Scales ovate lanceolate serrated ciliated, Leaves scabrous beneath: radical bipinnatifid
$ 2. Calcrraara. Involucrum ciliated with spines.
* Spines simple.
[panicled
12572 Invol. erect feathery, Head without a neutral ray, Lowerivs. pinnatif. : upper ones lin. All quite ent, Stem
12573 Invol. ciliate-spinous egg-shaped, Scales reflexed at tip, Lvs. hoary: root ones lyrate; stem ones linear
12574 Invol. ciliate-spinous at tip, Spines of lower scales reflex. Lvs. pinnat. Pinnaelin obt. Root leaves bipinnat.
12575 Invol. ciliate-spinous, Leaves lyrate-pinnated generally entire: terminal lobe large toothed
12576 Invol. ciliate-spinous, Stem-leaves pinnatifid: root ones bipinnatifid, Segments lanceolate
12577 Invol. ciliate-spinous, Stem-leaves pinnated: root leaves bipinnated, Pinnae linear-filiform
12578 Invol. ciliate-spin. at tip, Stem-lvs. pinnatif lin. lanc. : root ones bipinnatif. Segm. lanc. terminal 1-toothed
12579 Invol. ciliate fringed with straight rigid white bristles, Lvs. obl: a little tooth.ed, Head yell without a ray
12580 Invol. simply spinous, Spines spreading, Florets equal, Leaves hairy: lower ones pinnatifid
-
12581 Invol. bristly spinous, Leaves lanceolate petioled toothed near the base
12582
12583
12584
12685
Invol. scarcely spinous somewhat awned rayed, Leaves pinnatifid

Invol. ciliated spinous, Stem-leaves pinnated quite entire : root-leaves bipinnatifid
Invol. ciliate spinous at the tip, Leaves hoary pinnatifid quite entire: upper ones linear-lanceolate
Invol. ciliate subspiny, Leaves oblong downy sessile somewhat toothed; narrowed at base deeply toothed
** Spines palmate.
12586 Invol. palm.-spin. Spines reflex. Lvs. obl. smooth. embracing the stem decurr. repand tooth. Teeth prickly
12587 Invol. palm-spinous, Spines reflex. Lvs. obov. somew, tooth, stalked: floral somew, decurr. mucro-toothed
12588 Inv. palm-spin. Spines reflex. Lvs. obl. hoary embrac. stem *-decurr. tooth. cut at base, Teeth rather prickly
12589 Inv.
Involpalm
palmspin.
spinous,
decurr,
prickly:
pinnatifid;
terminal
lobe veryT'not
lar
125'0
SpinesLvi
reflex,
largernot
than
calyx, root
Lvs.ones
hoary
obl. sess decurr.
pinnatifid,
prickly
12591
12592
12593
22594
Invol. palmate spinous, Lvs. ovate-lanc. petioled toothed

Invol. palmate spinous solitary sess. Lvs. lanc. a little embracing the stem pinnatifid toothed
Invol. palmate spinous, Stem Ivs. lanc. toothed decurrent: root Ivs. lyrate obtuse
Invol. palmate spinous, Spines 3 or 5, Lvs. lanc. sessile toothed
12595 Invol. ciliated by a whorl of long Ivs. Lvs. lyrate toothed obtuse
12596 Invol. palmate spinous, Lys embracing the stem runcinate pinnatifid prickly: toothed root ones lyrate
12597 Invol. doubly spinous woolly bracteated, Leaves half decurrent toothed spiny
12598 Invol. palm. spinous term. solitary, Spines straight, Lvs. lanc. decurr. not prickly; root ones lyrate
12599 Invol. palm. spin. term. ones clustered sess. Spines straight, Lvs. lanc. scabrous decurr, not prickly: lower
stem ones a little toothed; root ones sinuated
12600 Invol. palm. spinous solitary subsessile, Spines straight, Lvs. lanc. scabrous toothletted decurrent
12-201 Inv. palm. spin. Spines spread. Lvs. scabr.: stem Ivs. lanc. a little embrac. stem finely tooth.; root ones lyrate
12602 Invol. palm. spinous solit. Spines straight: inner scales scarious at the tip, Lvs. downy lanc. decurr. : lower
ones finely toothed pinnatifid at the base
12603 invol. palmate spinous terminal sess glomerated, Leaves petioled pinnatifid cut-toothed
*** A
es of involucrum spiny-pinnate.
12604 invol. doubly spinous woolly, Lvs. half decurrent entire and sinuated, Stem proliferous
12605
12606
12607
12608
invol. doubly spinous sess. Lvs. pinnatifid toothed, Stem divaricated spreading hairy
Invol. somewhat doubly serrated, Lvs. embracing the stem lanc. undivided serrated
[entire decurr.
Inv. palm. spin. : midd. spine very long; lat ones short, Root-lvs. sinuate-pinnatif. Stem ones lanc. quite
Invol. doubly spinous somewhat woolly, Lvs. sess lanc. entire and toothed, Stem proliferous
unconnected with differences of organization; they are therefore not adopted here. The tribe of Centaureae
of M. Cassini is not distinguished from Carduineae by any very important characters. The greater part of the
suecies are natives of Europe and Asia, several of Africa, a very few of America, and none of the southern
parts of the world.
3 B
--------
SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANE.A.
Tss
Ragwort-leavedy Q) or
3 jLau
Class XIX.
Pu
S. Europe 1596. Sco Jac.vind. 1. t. G4
12610 muricta W.
muricated
O or
1 jl.au
Pu
Spain
1621. S co
12611 Crocodylium W.
blush-flowered
O or
1* il.au
Pu
Levant
1777. S co Barr rar.t. 503
A or 13 jLau
A or
jn.s
SY Q) or 3 ji.au
Pu
Y
Pu
Switzerl. 1640. D co Bot mag. 1752

Levant 1710. D co Alp, exot. t. 282
Spain
1597. S co
12609 salmntica W.
$12612 Rhapntica W.
12613 babylonica W.
12614 splndens W.
12615 dil6ta H. K.
12616 declimbens P. S.
12617 Jcea JV.
12618 tagna W.
12619 alba W.
12620 amra W.
$12621 nitens W.
12622 sibirica Jy.
126'23 glastiflia W.
12624 orientlis Jy.
12625. Bhen W.
12626 rpens W.
12627 moschta JV.
12628 Centarium W.
12629 ruthnica W.
12630 suavolens W.
12631 Crupina W.
12632 Lippii W.
12633 glauca W.
12634 alpina W.
Swiss
Babylonian
shining
pale-flowered
A or
a or
Brown Knapw. Y. A w
Portugal
ZA un
white-flowered St A or
bitter
Y A or
shining
O or
Siberian
A or
Woad-leaved
A or
oriental
sy A or
saw-leaved
O or
creeping
3. A or
2 jLau
11.jl.s
1: jls
jlau
Pu
2 jn.s
14.jl.au
2 jLau
1 jlau
4 jn.s
13.jl.au
14 jLau
jn.au
W.
Pu
Pu
R
O or
decumbent
Sweet Sultan
reat
tussian
Yellow Sultan
black-seeded
Lippi's
glaucous
Alpine
A or
# ZN
or
O or
O
O
* A
St A
or
or
or
or
1820. GALACTITES. P. S. Galactites.

12635 tomentsa P. S.
woolly
O or
Papu S. Europe 1781. D co

Pu
France 1815. D co
Pu
England
D co
1823. S. co
1782. D co
1731. D co
Y
Y
Y
Siberia
Levant
Levant
1759. D co
1797. S co
1739. D co
2 jlo
4 jl.au
Pu
Y
Persia
Italy
1629. S. s.l.
3 jLau
Pa.Y. Russia
11
3 jn.jl
1 jn.jl
jn.jl
3 jLau
# Egypt
#:
Eng bot. 1678
Portugal i40. D co Brot-phy.lus ts

1597. D co
: D co Boc-mus sit-17
Spain
Italy
Caucasus
Siberia
Siberia
1596.
Bucen.2t 15 fil
Gm-sib.2.t-42 f.e.
Bot mag. *
Kn, thes.2. t.C.4
D co
1806. D co Gmel. sib. 2. t-41
Levant
Italy
1683.
1596.
1739.
Pa.Y Caucasus 1805.
Y
Italy
1640.
s.l
co
co
co
co
Corn.can 69t.70
Composite. Sp. 1.
1: jl.au Pu
An...mus-16 t. 9
S.
S
S.
D
D
Sweet fl. gard.51

Col.ecphr.l. t.34
Is.a.pa.1719. t. 10
-
NECESSARIA.
1821. WEDE LIA. J.W.
12636 hispida Kth.
12637 radisa Ker.
WebELLA.
hispid
many-rayed
12638 perfolita W.
perfoliate
Alcina perfoliata Cav.
1822. MILLERIA. P.S.
12639 quinqueflra W.
12640 biflra W.
Composite.
w: A or 13 jn
Y
ri. D. or 3 ap.n
Y
ICl un 2 jlau Y
Millenia.
five-flowered
two-flowered
1823. BALTIMORA. W. BAltiMoRA.

12641 recta W.
upright
t1824. SIL/PHIUM. W. SILPHIUM.
12642 lacinitum W.
jagged-leaved
12643 compsitum W.
scollop-leaved
#. Spain
1819. D co Bot reg. 543
Brazil
1820. C co
1796. S. co
Bot reg. 610

Cav. ic. l. t. 15
Composite. Sp. 2.
[O]un 2 jl.o
Y
%: Cruz 1731. S co
[O]un 1 jlo
Y
Campeachy1730. S co
Cav. ic, 1. t. 82
Mexico
Mart dec. 47 f1
Compositic...Sp. 1.
O un 2 jn.jl
Pa.Y
Cruz 1699. S. co Sch.ha.3 t?fil.C
A w 12 jls
Y
#. Amer. 1781. D co Lin. fil, fas.1. t.3
a w 6 jls
Y
N. Amer. 1789. D co
a w 6 au.s
Y
N. Amer. 1765. D co Jac. vind. I. t. 43
W.'
12644 terebinthinceum W.broad-leaved
A w
12645 perfoliatum W.
perfoliate
12646 conjnctum W. en conjoined
12647 conntum W.
12648 Asteriscus W.
12649 trifolitum JV.
12650 termtum W.
Sp. 3-21.
A
A
hairy-stalked
A
three-leaved
A
various-leaved Y. A
round-stalked
w
w
w
w
w.
12651 atropurpureum W purple-stalked # ZX w.
7 jko
7
6
5
6
4
jlo
jl.o
jl.s
jl.o
jl.o
4 jLo
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N.
N.
N.
N.
Amer. 1766.
Amer. ...
Amer. 1765.
Amer. 17
D co
D co
D co
N. Amer. 1806.
N. Amer. 1812.
D co
D co
D co
N. Amer. 1755. D co
Dill.elt. t.37.f42
Moris.s.6t-3.f.68
C. moschatn is a handsome border annual, of which there is a white-flowered variety.
":
". and glastifolia, are among the most ornamental of the perennials.
#20. Ga
C. Centaurium,
actites, A plant formerly included in Centaurea, and named on account of the milky veins of its
le: (****, milk).
1821. Wedelia. Named after George Wolfgang Wedel, a German, born in 1625, died in 1721. He was pro
at Jena, and published many learned dissertations
upon the plants of the ancients. There was also a
ohn Adolphus Wedel, professor in the same university.
-" "
__-
- -
ORDER III.
-----
-- - -
SYNGENESIA FRUSTRAN.E.A.
739
$ 3. CRoconvliuM. Involucrum not ciliated, but spiny at end.

12609 Invol. globul. smth. Spine very small weak a little reflex. Lvs. lanc.serrat.: root ones lyrate, Stem divaricat.
12610 Invol. simply spinous villous, Lower lvs. lyrate toothed: upper ones lanc, Peduncles very long
12611 Invol.scarious simply spinous, Lvs. pinnatifid quite entire terminal: segm, larger toothed
%. 4. RHAroNricuM. Leaves of involucrum with a round scarious appendage, which is often lacerated.
12612 Invol. scales lacerated, Lvs. ovate-obl finely toothed tomentose
[ones lyrate
12613 Invol. conical hard, Scales ending in a patulous point, Lvs. somew. tomentose decurr. undivided : root
12614 Inv. egg-shap. Scales mucronat. Lower Ivs. bipinnatif lin. : upper one pinnat. Pinnae lin. sometimes toothed
12615 Invol. ciliated, Scales acum.somew, thorny, Lvs. obl. pinnatif. Florets of the ray longer than those of disk
12616 Invol. scarious, Scales dilated cut, Lvs linear-lanc.: radical cut
12617 Scales of invol. scarious torn: lower ones pinnatifid, Lvs. lin-lanc.: the lower ones broader and toothed
12618 Invol. scales roundish quite ent. Lvs. obl: smth. : root ones serrat. Stem ones sometimes slightly cut at base
12619 invol. scales entire mucronated, Lvs. pinnate toothed: stem ones linear toothed at the base
12620 Stems decumbent, Lvs. lanc. quite entire

12621 lnvol. cylindrical, Scales mucronated, Lvs. pinnated, Pinnae lin. mucronated quite entire
12622 Invol. scales egg-shaped obtuse ciliated, Lvs. downy on both sides pinnatif. and undivided, Stem declining
12623 Leaves undivided quite entire decurrent
12624. Invol. scalespectinate ciliated, Lvs. deeply pinnatifid, Segm linear lanceolate
[the stem decurrent
12625 Invol. conical, Scales quite ent Lvs. coriaceous reticularly veined: root ones lyrate; stem ones embracing
12626 Leaves lanc. toothed somewhat petioled, Peduncles filiform leafless
* 5. Leaves of involucrum neither ciliated, nor spiny, nor with a scarious appendage.
12627 Invol. roundish smooth, Scales egg-shaped, Lvs. lyrate toothed
12628 Invol. scales egg-shaped, Lvs. pinnated, Leaflets decurrent serrated
12629 Invol scales egg-shap. obt. Lvs. pinnat smooth, Leafl. cartilagin. sharply serrat termin, one obl. egg-shaped
12630 Invol. round.smooth, Lower lvs. broad somew, spatul. tooth.: upp. ones lyr. at base, Head yell sweet-scent
12631. Invol. scales linear awl-shaped, Leaves pinnated serrated
12632 Invol. scales mucronate, Leaves somewhat decurrent lyrate toothed
12633 Invol. pubescent, Scales roundish obtuse, Leaves deeply pinnatifid: lowest segments toothed
12034 Invol. scales egg-shaped obtuse, Leaves pinnated smooth quite entire odd one serrated
12635 Invol. bristly spinous, Leaves decurrent sinuated spinous downy underneath.
NECESSARL1.
12636 Leaves lanceolate acuminate serrated with a large tooth on each side at the base
12637 Leaves ovate-lanceolate, Invol. urceolate squarrose, Rays imbricated
12638 Stem herbacaous, Leaves rhomboid narrowed at base connate
12639 Leaves stalked roundish-ovate narrowed at base: floral subcordate, Pedunc. terminal dichotomous
12640 Leaves stalked oblong ovate ciliated, Pedunc. terminal aggregate
12641 Stem winged, Heads pale-yellow small

12642 Radical and cauline leaves pinnatifid, Stem hirsute
12643 Cauline leaves sinuate pinnatifid: radical ternate sinuate multifid
12644 Leaves alternate ovate serrated scabrous: radical cordate
12645 Leaves opposite deltoid stalked perfoliate, Stem square smooth
12646 Lvs. opp. conn. unequally toothed, Stem smooth square, Four outer sc. of invol. longer than the inncr
12647 Leaves sessile stalked, Stem round scabrous
12548 Leaves opposite or alternate sessile oblong hairy: lower serrate, Stem round hispid
12649 Stems 6-angled, Leaves ternate ovate toothed, Panicle trichotomous
12650 Stems round, Leaves ternate somewhat toothletted, Panicle dichotomous
12651 Stems round, Leaves about 4 toothletted, Panicle dichotomous
12641
1822. Milleria. So named by Linnaeus, after Philip Miller, F.R.S., the well known author of the Gardener's
Dictionary, and considered the first botanical gardener of his time. He was born in 1692, and died in 1769.
1823. Baltimora. This plant grows in the neighbourhood of Baltimore.
1824. Silphium. D'Herbelot asserts, that silphi or serpi, was a name given by the natives of Africa to the
lant which produced the laser of the Romans, a substance held in great esteem among them for its flavor and
ts medicinal properties. . All the species are tall herbaceous plants with bright yellow flowers, and are very
proper ornaments for a shrubbery.
B
3 B 2
- - -->=
Class XIX.
SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.
740
1825. TrixIS. Dec.

Trixis.
12652 senecioides Hooker Groundsel-like
1826. POLYM/NIA. W.
O pr
PolyMN1A.
12653 canadnsis W.
12654. Uvedalia W.
Canadian
broad-leaved
12655 abyssinica W.
upright
1827. CHRYSOGONUM. L.
12656 virginianum L.
A or
###
y: [O] or
Composite. Sp. 15.

1* au.s
W
Chili
1821.
Compositae. Sp. 34.
6 jl.au
L.Y '. Amer. 1768.
8 au o
ChavsoconuM.
Virginian
Compositac.
* my.jn Y
3. A pr
1828. MELAMPOD1UM. JW MELAMPopiuM.

American
12657 americanum W.
[O]un
dwarf
12658 h(imile W.
[O]un
Compositae.
1* au.o
W
W.
13 jn.o
t1829. CHAPTA'LIA. Went. CHAPTALIA.

12659 tomentsa Ph.
woolly
1830. CALENDULA. W. MARYoold.

field
12660 arvensis W.
19661 sicula W en.
Sicilian
12662 stellta jy.
starry
Common
12663 officinlis W.
8 plena
double-flowered
12664 sncta W.
12665 incna Jy.
12666 pluvialis W.
O or
O or
le-flowered
oary
12667 hybrida W.
Small Cape
Great Cape
12668 nudicatilis W.
12669
W.
naked-stalked
Grass-leaved
"
or
or
or
w: LA or
12670 Trgus iv.

S.flaccida V.
bending-stalk'd * Ll or
Jiaccid
ti. u_J or
12671 viscsa H. K.
viscous
*... u_J or
12672 oppositiflia W.
glaucous-leav'd rt- LI or
12673 fruticsa W.
shrubby
* L J or
12674 chrysanthemiflia P. large-flowered * L J or
12975 arborscens W.
rough-leaved rt-u_x or
suffruticose
12676 suffruticsa Jy.
*-u-J or
toothletted
12677 denticulta W.
12678 muricta W.
muricated
1831. ARCTO'TIS. ii. K.
Anctotis.
12679 acalis Jy.

12680 tricolor W.
12681 undulta W.
dwarf
three-colored
wave-leaved
12682 grandiflra H. K.
12683 glaucophylla W.
12684 plantaginea W.
12685 argntea W.
great-flowered
Sea-green-leav.
12686 rsea W.
Plantain-leav'd
silver-leaved
Rose
decumbent
w LAJ or
Y. LA or
uMJ or
1C) or
LAJ or
IC) or
Composite.
2 my..s D.Y.
1 mys D.Y
2 jn.s
O
3 in.s
3 jns
2 my.s
13 jn.au
1 jn.au
1 jnjl
1 jn.au
1 my..s
2 myjn
2 my.jn
2 jn.s
narrow-leaved n. L J or
bending-stalked uCJ or
O
O
. Amer.
...
Vera Cruz 1733.

Jamaica 1782.
Sp. 10-34.
Europe 1597.
Sicily
1816.
Barbary 1795.
S. Europe 1573.
-
Or
Y
2 jn.jl
2
3
1
2
2
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
1790.
1774.
1752.
1790.
1774.
1823.
1821.
...
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.
H.
H.
H.
H.
H.
H.
C. G. H.
1699.
1752.
1731.
1731.
1774.
1774.
Composite. Sp. 2640.

Y.R. C. G. H.
W.R. C. G. H.
Or
C. G. H.
11 mr.my Pa.Y C. G. H.
1 my...au Y. Pu C. G. H.
1 jn.au Or
C. G. H.
1759.
1794.
1795.
1774.
1794.
1768.
1774.
i ap.ji
my.jl
1T ap.jn
Or
p.l Plu.alm. t.83 f4
C. G. H.
Rel. Hous.9, t:21
::
Co
Bot mag. 25,
Sch.hand.3t.265
2 au
au
Lam.ac.3t.1.f5
Cav.ic. 3. t. 2:7
Sp 26.
1731.
1796.
mr.au
d
d
d
d
1.
Y
Levant
Y
Barba
W.pu C. G. H.
W.
C. G. H.
W.pu C. G. H.
W.pu C. G. H.
W.pu C. G. H.
Or
C. G. H.
1 jl.s
1 jl.s
1: jl.s
12689 flccida Jy.
1 myjl
12690 dec(irrens W.
decurrent
* LJ or 13.jn.jl
12691 melanocicla W. en various-colored ri. U J or 1 jn.jl
: jl.s
creeping
12692 rptans W.
y: u. A or
12693 auriculta. W.
ear-leaved
rt
J or 1 jn.au
12694 fastusa W.
Orange-flower. y CJ spl 2 my.jl
12687 dec{\mbens W.
12688 angustiflia W.
N. Amer. 1699.
Africa
1775.
Compositae. Sp. 1.
* my.jn W
'. Amer. 1806. D
3. A pr
4 ap.my Y
Hook. ex-fl. 101
Dest atl.2 t .245

Mill.ic t. 75. f. 2
Sweet d gard.39
Com.hort 2 t.33
Bot reg: 289

Bot mag. 1981
Bot. reg. 28
Bot rep. 412
Mill.ic. 2. t. 83
Bot reg. 40
Jac.ic. 3. t. 596
Bot reg. 122

Bot reg. 131
Jac.schoe.9.t.160
Jac.schoe.2t. 170
Jac.schoe.2.t.162
Jac.schoe.J.t.381
Pk
C. G. H. .1793.
Y
Pu
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
1790.
1730.
W.R. C. G. H.
W.R. C. G. H.
W.pu C. G. H.
1794.
1794.
1812.
Jac.schor:til;
W.o
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
1795.
1795.
Jac.scha' 3 t.382
C. G. H.
1795.
Y
O.R.
Jac.schoe.2.t-165
Jac.schae s.t. 169

Jac.schue.9.t-166

1825. Triris. From resur, three, on account of its triangular capsule with three cells.
1826. Polymnia. Polymnia was the name of one of the Muses. Why it has been applied to this plant is not
very obvious. A coarse broad-leaved weedy plant.
i837. Chrysogonum. From x:vror, gold, and yov, a knee. The bright yellow flowers are usually produced
in the bends of the steins.
1828. Mclampodium. One of the Greek names of black hellebore, with which the modern plant has no
relation. The
***, a foot).
plant of the ancients was probably named from the blackness of the roots, (4xas, black, and
'' Chartalia. Dedicated by Ventenat to the famous French chemist, M. Chaptal. A pretty little North
American herbaceous plant.

1830. Calendula. So named
because it may be found in flower during the Calends of each month, or, which
C. pluvialis has been named from its flowers closing at the
is the same thing, during every month in the year.

approach of rain.
ORDER IV.
T41
12652 Herbaceous downy, Leaves sinuate pinnatifid toothed: cauline amplexicaul.

12653 Leaves toothletted acuminate: lower pinnatifid; upper 3-lobed or entire
12:54 Leaves 3-lobed acute running down the petiole: lobes angular sinuated
12 Leaves opposite sessile oblong lanceolate somewhat toothed, Invol. 5-parted, Florets all female
12656 Leafstalks longer than leaves
2657 Stem erect, Leaves comewhat linear 1-toothed on each side
126.38 Stem erect, Leaves lyrate-toothed sessile
12659 Leaves ovate-oblong entire silvery beneath, Scape naked 1-headed, Head nodding
12660 Pericarps cymbiform muricated incurved: outer lanceolate-subulate muricated at back
12661 Pericarps cymbiform muricated incurved: outer ovate with a membranous edge toothed crested at back
12662 Pericarps cymbiform incurved muricated: outer 5 ovate-lanceolate membranous toothed at edge
12663 Pericarps cymbiform all incurved muricated
12664 Pericarps urceolate obovate smooth, Involucre somewhat muricated
12665 Pericarps cymbiform smooth: outer subulate erect somew, muricat. Lvs. obl. spatul downy on each side
12666 Leaves narrow lanceolate sinuate toothletted, Stem leafy, Peduncles filiform
12667 Leaves oblong lanceolate blunt toothed, Stem leafy, Peduncles thickened at end
12668 Leaves lanceolate sinuate toothed, Stem nearly naked
12669 Leaves linear nearly entire, Stem nearly nak
12670 Leaves linear somewhat toothletted muricate dotted beneath, Pericarps orbicular, Stem suffruticose
12671
12672
12673
12574
12675
12676
12677
12678
Leaves cuneate cut toothed glabrous, Invol. downy ciliated, Stem shrubby weak
Leaves opposite linear entire somewhat fleshy smooth
Leaves obovate somewhat toothed, Stem fruticose decumbent
Leaves obovate sublyrate roughish, Stem suffruticose erect
Lvs. obl. toothed scabrous, invol. in fruit cernuous, Pericarps nearly orbicular, Stem fruticose panicled
Peric cymbif, incurv.muricat.: outer lanc. subulate muricated erect, Lvs. obl. spatul downy on each side
Pericarps all uniform incurved cymbiform muricated, Leaves lanceolate toothletted acute smoothish
Leaves oblong papillose scabrous: lower toothed; upper entire, Stem shrubby
12679 Radiant florets fertile, Stem very short decumbent, Leaves hoary on each side ternate lyrate
12680 Radiant florets fertile, Leaves downy beneath ovate entire or lyrate-toothed, Scape furrowed 1-headed
12681 Radiant florets fertile, Leaves downy beneath wavy-toothed ovate or lyrate, Scapes 1-headed
12682 Leaves pinnatifid toothletted cobwebbed 3-nerved
12683 Radiant florets fertile, Leaves hoary pinnatifid repand somewhat toothed, Outer scales of invol. reflexed
12684 Radiant florets fertile, Leaves lanceolate ovate nerved toothletted amplexicaul.
12685 Radiant florets fertile, Leaves lanceolate linear entire down
12686 Radiant florets fertile, Stem procumbent, Leaves spatulate-lanceolate repand-toothed hoary
12687 Radiant florets fertile, Stem [' Leaves obl.lanc. unequally toothed hoary downy beneath 5-nerved
12688 Radiant florets fertile, Stem branched ascending, Leaves
spatulate lanceolate 3-nerved pubescent
12689 Radiant florets fertile, Stem branched ascending, Leaves spatulate lanceolate entire 3-nerved downy
12600 Radiant florets fertile, Stem shrubby, Leaves hairy oblong undivided somewhat toothed
12091 Radiant florets fertile, Stem shrubby erect hoary, Lvs. obov. oblong vill, toothed decurr. down the petiole
12692 Radiant florets fertile, Stem ascend. Lvs. hairy hoary beneath: lower lyrate-toothed; upper lanc. tooth.
12693 Radiant florets fertile, Stem snow white, Leaves lyrate amplexicaul. downy toothed: term. lobe rhomb.
12694 Radiant florets fertile, Stem e
Leaves hairy oblong toothed, Outer scales of invol. reflexed ciliated
''
and Musceulaneous Particulars.
C. officinalis, Souci du jardin, Fr., Goldblume, Ger., and Furrancio, Ital, has been a garden plant time out of
mind, and used in soups and broths, both to color them, and as comforters of the heart and spirits. It had
formerly many virtues ascribed to it, but is now totally out of use in this country. According to Linnaeus,
the flowers are open from nine in the morning till three in the afternoon. There are double, lemon-colored,
and prolific varieties. From the flowers of Calendula officinalis is obtained a distilled water, a kind of vinegar,
and a conserve.
With this genus for his type, M. Cassini has formed a small tribe which he calls Calenduleae, remarkable for
a peculiar smell, very perceptible in the common pot-marygold, which is said to be confined to themselves
alone. But this seems to be almost the only character by which they are distinguished from Heliantheae.
The greater part of Calenduleae are found in the country of the Cape of Good Hope, but some are found in
Europe and Asia.
1831. Arctotis. Vaillant, who named this genus, called it Arctotheca, from *xror, a bear, and 3"x", a
capsule, because its fruit is shaggy like a bear. This and some neighbouring genera have given rise to ki
3 B 3
CLAss XIX.
742
12698 aurola B. reg.
IC) or
thorny-leaved
* L J or
spotted
broad rough-lv. ft. LJ or
narr, rough-lv. *-L or
12699 bicolor W. en.

12700 specisa B. M.
two-colored
*-u- or
shewy
rt. LJ or
*-L-J or
12695 spinulsa W.
12696 maculta W.
12697 spera B reg.
12701 eltior W.
12702 arborscens W.
12703 c{\prea W.
12704 Cinerria W.
tall
Tree
copper-colored ri. L J or
y: LA or
grey
1832. OSTEOSPER"MUM. Iv.
12705 corymbsum W.
12706 spinsum H. K.
12707 spinescens H. K.
12708 pisiferum W.
12709 moniliferum W.
12710 iliciflium W.
12711 rigidum W.
12712 caerleum W.
12713 polygaloides W.
1833. OTHON/NA. W.
12714 pinnta W.
12715 pectinta W.
12716 Athansiae W.
12717 abrotanifolia W.
12718 retrofrcta W.
12719 coronopiflia W.
12720 cheirifolia W.
12721 Tagtes W.
12722 flabelliflia B.C.
12723 crassiflia W.
12724 denticulta. W.
* L J or
my au
my.au
''1** jLs
1 jls
I jls
14.jn.au
jn.au
* jn.au
jm.au
A jn.au
Osteospeamuw.
n-L-l or
corymbose
rough-leaved n-L or
smooth-leaved re-u- or
smooth
rt. Jor
Poplar-leaved
Holly-leaved
rigid
blue-flowered
Milkwort-leav.
n-u_j or
n-u- or
* L-J or
n-u_j or
n. L-J or
RAgwort.
la! or
wing-leaved
Wormwood-lv, r- u_J or
Athanasia-like n-u_Jor
Southernw.-lv. n. L-J or
bending-stalk"d"- LI or
Buckshorn-lvd. tr. L J or
Stock-leaved , -l or
Lo! or
Marygold-leav.
rt-L or
fan-leaved
n. L-J or
re-u_J or
ri. Jor
ual or
* LA or
Yam-rooted
* LA or
bulbous
y u\, or
perfoliate
small-flowered ri L J or
Heath-leaved n-u_j or
*-L-J or
fine-leaved
* L-J or
tree
* LA, or
tuberous
thick-leaved
tooth-leaved
various-leaved
tongue-leaved
C. G. H.
Or
W.o C. G. H.
1795. s
1812. C
C. G. H.
Y
C. G. H.
Or
W.R. C. G. H.
C. G. H.
Y
1710.
1710.
1812.
1812.
Y. Pu
W.pk
Y. Pu
Y.o
Composite.
3 au
3 fo
Y
Y
C. G.
C. G.
C. G.
C. G.
Jac.schoe.9t. 167
Bot reg. 130
Bot reg.34
Bot reg.3%
co
Bot. mag. 2182

Jac.scha-2.t-172
Jac.schoe.2.t.171
Jac-schoe.2t-176
Jac.scho'.2.t-174
H. 1820.
H. 1818.
H. 1823.
H. 1824.
Sp. 9-27.
# G. H.
C. G. H.
1822.
1700.
Com. nort-2 ti
C. G. H. 1793.
mr.jn Y
C. G. H. 1757.
mr.my Y
C. G. H. 1714.
Y
jLau
C. G. H. 1816.
jlau Y
C. G. H. 1774.
Y
apji
C. G. H. 1774.
B
jns
C. G. H. 1759.
Y
jns
Composite. Sp. 2139.
# G. H. 1759,
3 apjn Y
C. G. H. 1731.
3 apjn Y
Jac-schoes.t. 377
1795.
1692.
1812.
1731.
1752.
1823.
1821.
1710.
1774.
1812.
Jac.schoes...t.242
3
4
3
4
3
3
3
3 n.d
3 jamr
2 mr.au Y
Y
2 jLs
1* apjn
1 apjn
1 apjn
Y
Y
Y
S.O.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
#
G.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
G. H.
G. H.
G. H.
G. H.
Bot. cab. 470

Dil elt. L.S. f.79
Bur, afr,172. t.32
Jac.ic. Lt. 179

Plukimant.t.832
Bot mag. 768

Bot mag. 306
Bot reg. 108
Jac.schoe.8t 576
Com. hort 2.170
Bot reg.266
Bot cab. 728.
Milic.e.t.245.f.2
2 apji Y
2 apji Y
C. G. H. 1787.
2, mys. Y
C. G. H. 1791.
ap.my Y
C. G. H. 1774.
my.jn Y
12728 bulbsa W.
C. G. H. 1789.
13 myji Y
12729 pertolita Jac.
C. G. H. 1704.
2 jLau Y
12730 parviflra W.
C. G. H. 1815.
2 jLau Y
12731 ericoides W.
C. G. H. 1759.
13 apjl Y
12732 tenuissima W.
C. G. H. 1723.
2 jLau Y
12733 arborescens W.
C. G. H. 1774.
*my.s Y
12734 cacalioides W.
Hippia.
1834. HIP/PIA. J.W.
# G. H. 1710.
Y
* fau
n. L-Jun * jLau Y
shrubby
12735 frutescens W.
E. Indies 1777,
[CI un
annual
Soliva.
1835, SOLI/VA. F. per.
Ap # Holl. 1818. S
* jnji
O un
12737 anthemiflia R.Br. Chamomile-lvd.
Gymnastyles anthemifolia Juss.
Sp. 1.
Compositae.
Psiadia.
1836. PSIADIA. W.
Mauritius 1796, C
2 jn.au Y
rt. Dun
glutinous
12738 glutinsa W.
Composite. Sp.24.
1837. ERIOCE/PHALUS. W. Eriocephalus.
'', H. 1732. C
3 ja.mr Y
12739 africanus W.
cluster-leaved n- U_J or 3 mrap Y
C. G. H. 1739.
C
silver-leaved n-u_1 or
12740 racemsus W.
Compositae. Sp. 1621.
Cottox Rose.
*1838. FILA'GO. L.
* jn.au Y.Br. Britain san-fi.
O un
Connnnon
12741 germnica L.
# jn.au Y.Br. Britain san.fi.
un
narrow-leaved
12742 gallica L.
ull
pyramidal
*jn.au Br.Y. S. Europe 1779.
12743 pyramidta L.
12726 Lingua W.
12727 filicaulis W.
Bot mag. 1979

Jac.schoe.g. t >38
Jac-schoe...t.211
Breyn.cent. L56
Bot mag. 1312
Volknoribt's
Jac.schoe.9.t.239
Dilelt.103.1.123
Bot mag. 1855

H.uath.t.07, f2
Animus.t.G.L.1
Jacschoe.2.t.158
Bot mag.833
22, 1969,
lang /W
12718
|-
":

Cassini's tribe of Arctotideae, which has the remarkable peculiarity of occasionally producing an ovarium
three cells. In the Peculiarities of their style they approach the tribes of Echin Carduineae, Cen.
eae
and Carlineae.
1832. O
ureae,
ey are entirely confined to the regions of the Cape of
Good
ope.
steospermum. From 25 toy, a bone, and

Aww, seed, in allusion to the hardness of the fruit.
1833. Othonna. Dioscor
mentions this name as being applied to various things, but es ial ly to a plant
with a leaf like rocket, butides
linen. The
perforated with little holes, whence it was called Othonna, from
of the ancients can have ittle
Pla',
1834, iTippia. A name applied by C affinity with that of the moderns.
to the common Chickweed, because it was agreeable food for
-
ordus
ORDER IV.
743
12695 Radiant florets fertile, Stem erect, Leaves hoary viscid oblong amplexicaul. mucronate-toothed
12696 Radiant florets fertile, Leaves pinnatifid lyrate angular toothed downy beneath
12697 Radiant florets fertile, Stem erect, Leaves pinnatifid scabrous downy beneath revolute at edge
12698 Radiant florets fertile, Outer scales of invol. reflexed cuneate obl with a broad short point somew. cobw.
12699 Radiant florets fertile, Stem erect, Leaves pinnatifid lyrate hoary downy beneath, invol. imbricated
12700 Stemless, Leaves lyrate pinnatifid hoary beneath 3-nerved, Outer scales of invol. hinear recurved
12701 Radi- for fertile, Stem erect, Branches downy hairy, Lvs. pinnatif downy ben.: seg. lin, lanc. angul downy
12702 Radiant florets fertile, Stem erect, Pedunc. hairy, Lvs pinnatif hoary downy ben. : seg lanc. angul toothed
12703 Radiant florets fertile, Stem erect, Leaves downy beneath: segm. linear subpinnatifid wavy
12704 Radiant florets fertile, Leaves hoary downy long-stalked pinnatifid: segm. lanceolate blunt toothed
12705
12706
12707
22708
Leaves lanceolate glabrous, Heads panicled

Leaves obovate serrate downy, Spines branched
Leaves lanceolate pinnatifid-toothed scabrous, Spines branched
Leaves lanceolate mucronate somewhat stalked smooth serrated, Branches toothletted angular
12709 Leaves obovate serrated stalked subdecurrent
12710
12711
12712
12713
Leaves oblong toothed-angular scabrous *-amplexicaul. Branches furrowed

Leaves toothed pinnatifid hairy, Branches unarmed
Leaves pinnatifid smooth, Segments lanceolate unequally serrated
Leaves lanceolate scattered decurrent smooth entire, Axillae woolly
12714 Leaves pinnatifid: pinnae lanceolate entire decurrent

12715 Leaves pectinate-pinnatifid downy : s
linear toothed at the edge
12716 Leaves pinnate filifo
Invol. hemispherical many-toothed
12717 Leaves multifid pinnated linear, Joints of stem virious

12718 Leaves lanceolate 1-toothed on each side in the middle or entire, Peduncles axillary, Stem divaricating
12719. Lower leaves lanceolate entire: upper sinuate toothed
12720 Leaves lanceolate 3-nerved entire, Stem suffruticose creeping

12721 Leaves deeply pinnatifid glabrous: segments linear somewhat toothed, Stem herbaceous
1272.2 Leaves
very small, Peduncles long slender axillary 1-headed, Ray longer than disk
1272.3 Leaves lanceolate entire somewhat fleshy, Stem erect
12724 Leaves oblong toothletted smooth narrowed at base amplexicaul. Heads panicled
12725 Radical leaves ovate angular toothed: cauline lanceolate entire
12726 Leaves entire: radical lanceolate; cauline lanceolate subcordate 1-amplexicaul. Stem erect
12727 Leaves entire: radical cordate; cauline ovate-lanceol. cordate at
amplexicaul. Stem flaccid filiform
12728 Leaves ovate somewhat toothed, Peduncles 1-headed very long
12729 Root tuborous, Leaves amplexicaul. Peduncles 1-headed
12730 Leaves lanceolate smooth amplexicaul. Heads panicled
12731 Stem dichotomous imbricated: leaflets acerose, Peduncle very long solitary in the divarications
12732 Leaves filiform fleshy, Stem shrubby
12733 Leaves oblong entire, Stem arborescent fleshy with woolly scars
12734 Fleshy naked smooth a span high, Leaves fascicled obovate sessile, Peduncle 1-headed
12735 Shrubby villous, Leaves pinnatifid. Heads corymbose
12736 Hispid erect, Leaves ovate serrated 5-nerved, Racemes terminal

12737 Leaves pinnated: leaflets linear many-times lobed acute, Pericarps cuneiform hairy

12739 Leaves entire and divided, Heads corymbose
1274.0 Leaves linear silky
19741 stem erect prolifer at summit, Lvs. lanc. downy acute, Fls capitate in the axils of branches and terminal
12742 Stem erect dichotom. Lvs. lin. acum. downy, Fls, crowded axill. and term. Clust much shorter than leaves
12743 Stem erect subdichotomous, Leaves lanceolate spatulate downy, Flowers clustered axillary and terminal
12735
horses, "rer, a horse; and given to this plant by Linnaeus for no reason whatever. Little plants resembling
*: Soliva.
Named by the authors of the Flora Peruviana, after Salvator Soliva, a Spanish physician and
"#"ran.
From lias, a drop of dew, in allusion to the dew-bespangled foliage of the plants.
1837. Eriocephalus. From **, wool, and attax", a head, on account of the woolly grains collected in
"''
All the parts of these plants are covered with delicate threads or fila.
3 B 4
CLAss X1X.
744
19744 montna Pers.
12745 minima Pers.
12746 arvnsis Pers.
12747 Lagopus Pers.
12748 recta
12749 coarctta
12750 americana
12751 supina Lk.

12752 pusilla Haenke.
2753 sphaerica Lk.
12754 cephaloidea Lk.
12755 uliginsa
12756 sylvtica
O un + jn.au
O un
jl.au
O un
jl.au
Hare's-foot
O un
jl.au
upright-wood N. A un 1 au
contracted
C) un 1 au
Jamaica
Y: [Z\] un 1 jl.au
dwarf
sy A un
jm.jl
pygmy
Sy a un 1 in Jn.jl
spherical
Sy a un 14 jn.jl
large-headed
O un
jn.jl
marsh
O un
aul
highland
3. A un 1 au
mountain
least
Corn
Br.Y
Y. Br
Y. Br
Y. Br
S. Europe 1820. S
Britain salpas. S
Europe 1804. S
Siberia
1820.
Y.Br. Britain sapas. D

Br
M.Video 1819. 1)
Pa.Y Jamaica 1815. D
Eng. bot. 14
Y. Br
Y. Br
W
Y.w
Scotland sc.alp. D
Eng, bot. 1193
Austria 1820.
N. Holl. 1819.
N. Holl.2 1823.
Krock-slies t-41
Y.Br.
Y.Br.
Britain
Britain
D
D
S
wat.pl. D
alpas. R

S. Europe 1710.
* jn.s
* jn.s
S. Europe 1683.
1840. PARTHE NIUM. W. PARTHENIUM.
Compositar. Sp. 2.
12759 Hysterphorus W. cut-leaved
O un 1 jl.o
W
ica 1728.
12760 integrifolium W.
entire-leaved sy. A un 3 jn.o
W
Virginia 1661.
25.
1841. I*VA. W.
Iva.
Compositae.
Amer. 1768.
12761 annua W.
annual
[O]un 2 ji.au W.
N. Amer. 1711.
12762 frutscens W.
shrubby
sk
or 4 au
W
1839. MICRO/PUS. W.
12757 supinus W.
Eng bot. 1194

Eng. bot 913
Micropus.
trailing
upright
12758 erctus W.
Eng. bot. 1157
O un
O un
S
S
Sch.hand.3.t.267
Bot mag. 2275
W. hort. ber. 4
Loef hisp.t.1.f3
1842. ACICA1 "PHIA Juss. Acicarpha.

12763 spatulta acq.
spatulate
y: DA] cu
Calycereae.
+ ...
$ 1-3.
razil
S
C
Schmidel.ic.t.15
Plu.alm.t.27. Ll
1824. D
SEGREGATA.
1843. ELEPHANTO'PUS. W. Elephants Foot.
Compositae.
12764 scber W.
rough-leaved to [ZX] un 1 jn.s
19765 carolininus W.
Carolina
iz LA un 13 jls
R
12766 tomentsus W.
woolly
* LA un 1 jl.au
R
1844. CEDERA. W.
1846. STOEBE. W.
12769 aethipica W.
12770 cinrea W.
Compositae.
# 13.
* u, I pr1: my.jn Y
Compositae.
y: [O]m 1: jl.s
Y
* 1-2.
CEpera.
12767 prolifera W.
proliferous
1845. FLAVERIA. J.
FLAVERIA.
12768 contrayrba W. en. Peruvian
... G. H.
eru
Compositae. Sp. 2-4

C. G. H.
Juniper-leaved re-u_j pr2 au
C. G. H.
Heath-leaved n. Lipr 2 jls
C
C
D
Rhee..mal 10 t.7
Dil.el.t.106.f. 126
1789. C
Bot mag. 1637
1794.
Bot mag. 2400
1759.
1784.
C
C
Pl, man.t.297.f.1
1799. S
Sch.b.j.1800.2ts
1803. D
1818. S
Bot reg. 764

Bot reg. 678
Stoebe.
1847. NAUMBUR/GIA. W.
NAUMBURGia.
12771 trinervta W.
three-nerved
O
Brotra Contrayerva Spr.

*1843. CASSI/NIA. H. K. CAssIN1A.
$12772 afirea R.Br.
yellow
12773 spectbilis R.Br.
shewy
12774 leptophylla R. Rr. small-leaved
un
if [Z\] un
hairy
12757
Campositae. Sn 1.
3 jl.au
Y
#Amer.
Compositae.
y: LA] or
jl.au
O or 6 ji.au
Y
to Lu pr2 jl.o
W
1849. SPHAERANTHUS. W. SpherANthus.

12775 indicus W.
Indian
y: [A] un
12776 africanus W.
African
iO]un
12777 hirtus W.
Sp. 3-7.
E. Indies 1695,
America 1732.
W. Indies 1733.
##.
W. Holl.
N. Holl.
N. Zeal. 1821. C
Compositae. Sp.3-8.
au.d
jl.au
l.au
Indies 1699. C
C. G. H. 1759. S
1823. C
-
Burzeylt.94.f3
Plman. t. 108.f7
Lam.illt,718.f.1
12751

1839. Micropus. From Auxees, small, and rus, a foot; so called with reference to Leontopodium (which see),
than which it is smaller, but which it resembles in its velvety silvery leaves.
1840. Parthenium. The Greek name of the Matricaria, which see. The indecent derivation of the word
Hysterophorus, is sufficiently explained by Vaillant. (Mem. Acad. Sciences, anno 1720.)
1841. Iva. . This name, according to Fuchsius, is a mere abbreviation of abiga; see Ajuga. It has been
Linnaeus to these plants because their smell resembles that of the ancient Iva.
1843.
Elephantopus.From azur,, a 1point,* and 2x
# Acicarpha.
, a palea, because that appendage is spiny.
*''' '.
and an el
It is said that some resemblance may be found between the radical leaves of this plant
ephant's foot (**cas, an elephant, and rur, a foot).
*=
a-
1844. CEiera.
ex". Flora Danica.
After George
84.
CEder, a Dane, professor of botany at Copenhagen, and the founder of the

Flaveria. From flavus, yellow, because the plants are used in Chili for dying of that color.
-->
ORDER IV.
745
12044 Stem erect subdichotomous, Lvs. lin. lanc. appressed downy, Flowers clustered axillary and terminal
12745 Stem erect branch. Branch. sprig. Lvs. lanc. acute cottony, Fls conic clust. lat. term. Clust. longer than 1vs.
Al2746 Stem erect panicled, Leaves oblong lanceolate woolly, Heads clustered lateral and terminal downy
12747 Stem erect branched, Lvs. lanc. cord. at base amplexicaul woolly, Heads clust lat. and terminal downy
12748 Leaves nearly glabrous above, Spike longer more interrupted
12749 Stem herbaceous quite simple, Leaves oblong spatulate downy beneath hoary, Heads clustered
12750 Stem erect branched, Lvs. obov. spatulate downy beneath, Heads axillary and terminal clustered spiked
12751 Stem decumb. branch only from base, Flower stems erect, Fls solit or racem. Lvs. lin. downy on both sides
12752 Stem quite simple nearly erect about 3-flowered, Leaves linear acute downy, Runners procumbent
12753 Stem branched erect, Leaves inear 3-nerved acute very narrow at base downy beneath
12754 Stein simple, Leaves linear 3-nerved acuminate silky beneath, Heads terminal clustered
[than 1vs.
127.55 Stern very much branch. diffuse woolly, Lvs. lin-lanc downy, Fls in term crowded clust which are shorter
12756 Stem simple nearly erect downy, Fls. axillary forming a distant leafy spike Leaves linear lanc. downy
12757 Leaves opposite obovate cuneate
12758 Leaves alternate lanceolate, Heads woolly
12759 Leaves bipinnatifid
12760 Leaves undivided oblong toothed
12761 Leaves lanceolate-ovate, Bractes lanceolate and petioles downy
12762 Leaves lanceolate dotted scabrous deeply serrated, Stem shrubby
12763 Leaves spatulate
SEGREGAT.A.
12764 Leaves scabrous: radical narrowed at base; cauline lanceolate, Stem branched strigose
12765 Radical and cauline leaves oblong narrowed at base somewhat hairy, Stem simple hairy
12706 Leaves ovate downy
12767 Leaves lanceolate serrated reflexed
12768 Leaves somewhat stalked lanceolate 3-nerved mucronate-serrate
12769 Leaves mucronate subulate reflexed, Stem erect
12770 Leaves 1 near subulate oblique, Spike cylindrical

12772 Leaves lanceolate-linear smooth glandular beneath, Corymbs decompound

12773 Panicle decompound, Leaves lanceolate decurrent with their under surface and the branches woolly
12774 Corymb nearly sessile, Leaves small linear white beneath

12775 Leaves lanceolate serrate decurrent glabrous, Peduncles winged, Wings of stem and peduncles serrated
12776 Leaves decurrent ovate serrated, Peduncles round
12777 Leaves obovate serrated hairy decurrent, Peduncles winged, Wings of stem and pedu
1846. Starbe. The name under which Theophrastus and Pliny designate a plant of a rough and spiny habit.
This is the character of the modern plant, which is very dissimilar to that of the ancients, which is believed
to have been Poterium spinosum.
1847. Naumburgia. Named by Willdenow without explanation; but we presume in honor of John Samuel
Naumburg, author of a Dissertation upon Veronica Chamaedrys, &c., published at Erfurt in 1792.
1848. Cassinia. Named after M. Henri Cassini, a celebrated French botanist, who has devoted much atten
tion to the study of the very difficult tribe of plants to which this belongs, and with singular success. But his
ubservations are scattered through so many different works, that it is almost hopeless to acquire a knowledge
of their actual extent.
s' Sphaeranthus.
of flowers.
Neat New Holland shrubs with white or yellow flowers.
From ****, a globe, and *S*, a flower, on account of the globular form of the heads
SYNGENESIA SEGREGATA.
746
1850. ECHINOPS. W. Globe Thistle.

12778 sphaerocphalus W. great
12779 spinsus W.
thorny-headed
12780 Ritro W.
small
St
12781 strigsus W.
annual
12782 lanuginsus W.
St
12783 panicultus Jacq. panicled
St
12784 strictus B.M.
upright
St
'.
1851. ROLANDRA. W. RolandRA.

12785 argntea W.
silver-leaved
1852. BROTERA. W.
BRotenA.
12786 corymbsa W.
umbelled
1853. GUNDE/LIA. W
12787 Tournefrtii W.
Gunpella.
Tournefort's
f1854 EUXE/NIA. Cham, EUxENIA.

12788 grta Cham.
pleasant
CLAss XIX.
Composite. Sp. 7-9.
A or
5 jl.au
L.B Austria 1596. D co
a
A
O
A
A
A
4 jl.au
3 jl.s
2 jls
2.jn.jl
6 jl.au
s jl.au
or
or
or
or
or
or
Egypt
Europe
W
Spain
B
Levant
B
in
Pa.B Europe
re. LI or
Compositae.
jl
W
Sy A or
Composite.
2 jn.jl
B
1597.
1570.
1729.
1736.
1815.
1822.
D
D
S.
D
D
D
lp
co
l.p
1.p
1.p
lp
Moriss.7.t55.ts
Bot mag. 932
Bot. mag. 2109
Bot reg.356
Bot. mag. 2457
Sp. 1.
%. Indies 1714. C lip Slo jam.I.t.7. f.5
-
Sp. 1.
urope 1640.
Compositae. Sp. 1.
A A un 13 jn.au L.G
vant
Composite.
1.
* Ll pr2 ...
Y
!hili
D lp Mor. s.7.t.33fl7
1739. D s-p Mill.ic. t. 287
12784
1825 C plHor. Phybert.G
1278.5 /
12781
1850. Echinops. From *xrvor, a hedgehog, and *, resemblance; because of the bristly round head of
flowers protected in every direction by stiff spines. The woolly leaves of Echinops strigosus are employed in
Spain as tinder. Upon this genus M. Cassini has founded his tribe of Echinopseae, which it must be confessed
is entirely distinct from any other, and extremely remarkable on account of its very singular aberrations from
the ordinary structure of Compositae.
1851. Rolandra. After Daniel Rolander, a pupil of Linnaeus, who visited Surinam.
appeared from
-
him except an account of Doliocarpus in the seventeenth volume of the Transactions of the Academy of
Sciences of Stockholm.
ORDER. V.
SYNGENESIA SEGREGATA.
747
12778 Leaves pinnatifid downy above woolly beneath, Stem branched

1277, Heads scattered with long spines
1278.) Head globose, Leaves pinnatifid smooth above
12781 Heads fascicled, Lateral invol. sterile, Leaves strigose on the upper side
12782 Stem branched woolly, Leaves subbipinnate: segments narrow smooth above, Head subsessile
12783 Leaves rugose squarrose pinnatifid smooth above glaucous with down beneath
12784 Stem simple upright 1-headed, Leaves eroded pinnatifid spiny-toothed smooth above downy beneath
12786 Heads corymbose numerous
12787 Leaves long and spiny
- 0.
#/.3%
-
T-
*-
12787
1852. Brotera. Named after Felix Avelhar Brotero, a Portuguese botanist, professor at Coimbra; author
of a useful Flora Lusitanica.
1853. Gundelia. Named after Andrew Gundelsheimer, a German botanist, who accompanied Tournefort in
his
into the Levant in 1709.
1854. Eurenia. A name unexplained by its author.

what sense we do not perceive.
Apparently derived from waves, hospitable, but in
GYNANDRIA.
*48
Class. XX.
CLAss XX. GYNAN DRIA.

THE singular plants which constitute this class are distinguished from all others by the anomalous structure
of their flowers. These do not, as is usually the case, contain a certain number of stamens surronnsling a
central ovarium or style, but on the contrary are furnished with a solitary fleshy undivided process, round
which the sepals radiate, and which supplies the place of stamens and style. The nature of this process has
been variously explained: the modern opinion is that it is formed by the accretion of the stamens and style
into a single mass, and this opinion seems to be confirmed by analysis and analogy. Omitting, therefore, a
notice of such theories respecting its nature as are opposed to that which is now received as the most correct,
it will suffice to explain a little in detail, the opinion which is adopted in this work. The central process, called
the columna or column, is understood to be formed by the filaments of three stamens surrounding a style, and
by mutual accretion firmly united with it and with each other into a solid mass. Of these three stamens, it
most frequently happens that the two lateral are sterile, and not furnished with even the vestige of an anthera;
and that their presence is not indicated by more than two irregular excrescences, as in Orchis, or by the same
number of small appendages, as in Satyrium, or by two horn-like or tooth-like processes, present in several of
the genera with waxy pollen-masses: it even happens, and not unfrequently, that no vestige whatever of them
remains. But in Cypripedium both are fertile and bear perfect anthers, while the central stamen is bar
ren and foliaceous. When the lateral stamens are, as above stated, abortive, which is the most common
form of the columna, the central stamen bears at its upper extremity an anther, which is either moveable or
fixed firmly in its place. The pollen which this contains, assumes three very distinct appearances in different
tribes. It is either granular, dividing into many separable small pieces, as in Orchis; or powdery, consisting of
an infinite number of granules, as in Spiranthes; or waxy, when it consists of a few large concrete
as
in Epidendrum. The stigma is most frequently concave, and placed nearly under the anther, but in such a
manner, that there is no contact between it and the pollen. In what way, therefore, fecundation can take
place among truly Gynandrous plants, is one of those mysterious contrivances of nature which has not yet
been explained. It is generally believed to take place by absorption in some undiscovered manner, before the
flowers expand; but it is extremely difficult to understand how this can occur in genera. The foregoing
remarks apply only to the tribe of plants called Orchideous. The few genera attached to the latter part of the
class are Gynandrous by the cohesion indeed of their stamens and style, but in a much more obvious manner.
Gynandrous plants are among the most interesting of the vegetable productions of the globe, whether we
consider the vivacity of their colors, or the singularity of their organization, or the grotesque appearance of
their tortuous roots, or the delicious perfume of their flowers. They are distributed in abundance over all the
earth. In Europe and the temperate parts of the world, they are principally found in meadows and pastures
among grass; but in tropical regions they often constitute the chief beauty of the forest, occupying the forked
branches of living trees, or the prostrate trunks of fallen timber, over which, in company with ferns and parasi
tical Aroideae, they climb and trail in every direction, until they adorn the one with
bues and rich odours
foreign to their nature, and render the others more beautiful in death, than in the full vigour of their
existence.
Order 1.
MONANDRIA.
1. Anther terminal, erect.
Stamen 1.
Pollen granular, cohering by an elastic thread.
1855. Disa. Flowers ringent: helmet with a spur or bag at the base. Inner sepals united to the column.
Lip without a spur.
i856. Satyrium. Flower ringent: five anterior sepals united at base. Lip behind, fornicate with two spurs
or bags at the base.
Anther resupinate. Stigma 2-lipped.
1857. Platanthera. Flower vaulted. Lip entire with a spur. Cells of the anther widely divided at their
base by the broad interposed stigma.
Glands of pollen masses naked.
Lips of stigma absent.
1858. Gymnadenia. Cor. ringent. Lip spurred at the base beneath. Glands of the stalks of the pollen
mass naked, approximate.
1859. Orchis. Cor ringent. Lip spurred on the underside at the base. Glands of the stalks of the pollen
mass (1-2) contained in one common little pouch.
1860. Nigritclla. Ovary straight. Flower spreading. Lip posterior, entire, with a scrotiform spur. Glands
of pollen-masses distinct, and enclosed in a single 2-celled pouch.
1861. Habenaria. Cor ringent. Lip spurred on the upper side at the base beneath. Glands of the stalk of
the pollen-mass naked, distinct, with the cells of the footstalks adnate or separated.
1862. Bartholina. Flower ringent: inner sepals united below with the lip.
: beneath at the base.

Stalks of the pollen-masses long; cells united to the column: glands distinct, half covered by the exterior
lobe.
1863. Glossula. Sepals conniving in a galea: the up: without a spur. Lip anterior, spurred, 3-parted,
with an inflated spur. Pollen-masses 2, 2-parted, with 2 glands inclosed in distinct pouches.
1864. Anacamplis. The flower of Orchis, from which it differs in having the gland of the pollen-masses
single, with inflexed edges, and enclosed in a pouch.
1865. Aceras. Flower ringent. Lip without a spur. Glands of the pollen-masses included in a common
uch.
1866. Ophrys. Flower somewhat spreading.
Lip without a spur. Glands of the pollen-masses inclosed in
two distinct pouches.
1867. Chamorchis. Ovary reclinate at end. Flower galeate. Lip without a spur, undivided. Glands of
the pollen-masses naked.
pper lip of stigma divided.
Anther of Orcnis.
1868. Herminium. Flower somewhat spreading. Lip without a spur. Glands of the pollen-masses naked,
distinct.
1860. Serapias. Flower ringent, Lip without a spur. Column sharp-pointed. Pollen-masses attached to
a single gland inclosed in one pouch.
2. Anther parallel with stigma.
Pollen powdery.
1870. Goodyera. Cor. ringent, with the 2 exterior or lateral segments of the uprianth placed beneath the
Column free. Pollen angular.
$71. Diuris. Flower irregular. Two outer linear sepals placed beneath the trifid lip : the inner clawed
"r, which is gibbous at the base and undivided at the extremity.
Poli, farinaceous.
'7%. Ponthicva. Flower irregular. Lip behind, with the inner sepals inserted in the column. Pollen
and spreading. Column with the lateral lobes petaloid.

f.
arinaccous.
CLAss XX.
GYNANDRIA.
749
1873. Neottia. Flowers connivent. Lip sessile, 2-lobed, with no calli.
Anther terminal, sessile. Stigma
2-lipped pervious; the front lip thickened.
1874. Spiranthes, Spike spiral. Ovary oblique at the end. Sepals connivent. Lip clawed, parallel with
columna, with 2 calli at the
, entire. Anther terminal stalked. Stigma flat, cuspidate, membranous, finally.
split.
1875, Stenorhynchus. Like the last; but the lip adheres to the columna by means of the margins of its
lateral lobes: it has no callosities. Stigma corneous, always entire.
1876. Listera., Flowers connivent. Lip 2-lobed, sessile, with no calli. Anther intramarginal, half covered
over by the hooded clinandrium.
Stigma closed, nearly flat, with a strong transverse furrow.
* 3. Anther terminal, persistent. Pollen powdery.

1877. Arethusa, Lip united at base with the columna, at the end hooded, in the inside crested. Sepals 5,
united at base.
1878.
Pollen angular.
"
Lip at the back clawed, with a bearded inside. Sepals 5, distinct. Column separate.
Pollen angular.
1879. Pogonia. Lip sessile, hooded, crested inside. Sepals 5, distinct, without glands. Pollen farinaceous.
1880. Epipactis. Lip ventricose below; the extremity either undivided or 3-lobed: the middle lobe the
largest, connected as it were by a joint. Pollen farinaceous.
1881. Caleana. Lip unguiculate, placed at the back, with a peltate hollow lamina, having a perforation on
the outside.
Pollen farinaceous.
1882. Corallorhiza. Lip produced behind, adnate with the spur or free. Column free. Masses of pollen 4,
oblique, not parallel.
-
$4. Anther terminal, opercular deciduous.
Pollen wary.
1883. Rodriguezia. Perianth. 4-leaved ringent, Lip entire, unguiculate cornute at base; callous in the
middle. Pollen-masses 2, with an elastic caudicula. Stigma with 2 horns.
1884. Gomeza. Like the last, but lip not cornute at base.
1885. Cymbidium. Lip not spurred, concave, jointed with the simple base of the columna. Sepals spreading,
distinct. Pollen masses 2, 2-lobed behind.
1885 Brassra. Lip expanded, undivided. Sepals spreading, distinct. Column not winged. Pollen-masses
2, 2-lobed behind; fixed by the middle to a common process of the stigma.
1887. Lissochilus. Pollen-masses 2, obliquely 2-lobed. Lip saccate at base, sessile, undivided, convex at the
base, united with the apterous toothless column. Inner sepals divaricating, petaloid; outer reflexed, calycine.
1888. Geodorum. Lip cucullate-ventricose, sometimes spurred at base, sessile, not jointed with the column.
is like the lip, 1-sided. Pollen-masses 2, lobed at back.
889. Catasetum: , Perianth. not inverted, generally globose. Lip saccate, concave, different from the sepals.
"
2, 2-lobed behind, inserted on a large naked transverse caudicula, which finally separates with
ticity.
1890. Trizeuris. : upper segment 2-lobed; lower 3-parted, inflated. Lip parallel with
column, with a recurved dila
imb. Stigma excavated. Anther 1-celled, fleshy.
Pollen-masses 2, adhering
to a fusiform caudicula.
1891. Xylobium. Perianth, spreading.
Lip behind jointed, with an unguiform process of the column,
3-lobed, incumbent on columna. Outer lateral sepals united by their bases, with the process of column.
Pollen-masses 2, furrowed on one side, seated on a broad caudicula.
1892. Marillaria. Perianth. spreading. Lip in front 3-lobed, jointed with the unguiform process of the
column. Lateral outer sepals united by their bases with the process of column. Pollen-masses 2, bipartite,
united by their bases to a common gland.
1893. Notylia. Perianth. 4-leaved: upper sepals spreading. Lip divaricating entire. Columna acuminate.
Pollen-masses 2, entire. Anther posterior, not terminal.
1894. Pleurothallis. Lip jointed with the simple or slightly lengthened base of column. The two anterior
sepals united at base. Pollen-masses 2, not furrowed.
1895. Oncidium. Lip expanded, lobed, tubercled at base. Petals spreading, sometimes only 4. Column
winged. Polien-masses 2, 2-lobed behind, fixed by the middle to the common process of the stigma.
1896. Cyrtopodium. Sepals 5, distinct. Lip 3-lobed, connected with a joint with the unguiform proccss of
the base of the apterous column. Pollen-masses 2, 2-lobed behind.
1897. Coelogyne. Perianth. resupinate, spreading. Lip 3-lobed, cucullate, jointed with columna. Column
winged. Anther lateral, 2-celled Pollen-masses 2, 2-parted. Stigma funnel-shaped, 2-lipped.
1898. Macradenia. Lip sessile, cucullate, concave, undivided, acuminate. Sepals distinct, spreading.
Column distinct, with the lobes of its end conniving. Pollen-masses 2, unfurrowed, seated on a long filiform
caudicula.
1899. Dendrobium. Lip without a spur, jointed with the unguiform process of the column, to whose edges
the anterior sepals adhere. Pollen-masses 4, parallel.
1900. Anisopetalum, Flowers erect. Sepals conniving. The two lateral exterior large, cohering at end:
two inner very small subulate. Lip oblong, with 2 teeth near the base. Pollen-masses 4, without gland or
caudicula.
1901. Camaridium. Perianth. resupinate, expanded. Sepals distinct. Lip distinct, sessile, cucullate, 3-lobed.
Column round. Stigma arched. Pollen-masses 4, parallel, compressed, without a caudicula at the time of
expansion.
Ornithidium. Lip sessile, hooded, connate with the base of column. Sepals conniving. Pollen
masses 4, oblique, furrowed at base.
1903. isochilus. Lip almost of the same shape as the distinct, connivent, sepals. Pollen-masses 4, parallel.
1904. Pholidota. Flowers resupinate. Sepals uniform; the three outer erect, keeled at back. Lip ventricose.
Column dilated at end.
Anther 2-celled.
Pollen masses 4, each pair having a gland.
1905. Broughtonia. Column distinct, or at the very base united with the unguiculate lip, which is
lengthened at the base into a tube, connate with the ovarium. Pollen-masses 4, parallel, with a granular
caudicula reflexed npon the masses.
1906. Cattleya. Sepals spreading. Lip sessile. cucullate, surrounding the half round column. Pollen-masses
4, with as many powdery reflexed caudiculae.
1907. Epidendrum. Column united with the claw of the lip, and forming a tube which sometimes runs
down the ovarium.
Pollen-masses 4, with as many powdery reflexed caudiculae.
1908. Polystachya. Perianth. not inverted, cuneate, closed. Pollen-masses 4, placed on a simple naked
caudicula with a gland.
1909. Cryptarrhena.
: 5, distinct, spreading. Lip not spurred, with a dilated flat lamina. Column
distinct, not winged. Anther enclosed in the cuculiate head of the column. , Pollen-masses 4.
1910. Ornithocephalus. Flowers resupinate. Lip stalked. Sepals nearly equal; the two upper finally
reflexed. Column short, with a very long beak. Pollen-masses 4, adhering to a '' long glandular caudicula.
1911. Bletia. Lip sessile, cucullate; sometimes spurred at the base. Sepals 5, distinct. Column separate.
Pollen-masses 8 or 4, 2-lobed.
1912. Eria. Perianthium woolly, conniving or expanded. Lip 3-lobed, jointed with an unguiform process of
the column to whose sides the anterior sepals are united. Pollen-masses 8, cohering at the end by means of a
powdery substance.
1913 octomeria. Lip jointed with an unguiform process, to the edges of which the anterior sepals adhere.
Pollen-masses 8.
Perianthium quite smooth.
1914. Brassavola. Lip with a simple claw, undivided. Sepals distinct, spreading Pollen-masses 8 or more.
750
GYNANDRIA.
1915. Sarcanthus.
Sepals spreading
CLAss XX.
Lip fleshy, entire, calcarate; the spur furnished with various appendages in the interior.
Pollen-masses 2, seated on an elastic caudicula.
916. Vanda.
ip saccate, continuous with the
base of the apterous column, trifid, with the middle
lobe fleshy. Sepals spreading, distinct. Pollen-masses 2, obliquely 2-lobed, attached to an elastic caudicula.
1917. Aerides. Lip spurred or saccate, inserted at the end of the unguiform process, to whose edges the an
terior sepals are united. Pollen-masses 2, two-lobed behind, fixed by a common process to the middle of the
stigma.
Renanthera. Like the last, but sepals very long and spreading, and lip only a little saccate at
''
b.'"
Se.
1919.
Sepals connivent, the anterior placed under the labellum.
Lip spurred at base.
Pollen
Inasses
1920. Eulophia. Sepals 5, distinct, uniform, ascending,

Lip spurred at base, with a sessile
crested lamina, 3-lobed. Pollen-masses 2, two-lobed, with a posterior lobe attached to an elastic caudicula.
1921. Angraecum. Sepals conniving, galeate. Lip spurred 3-lobed, jointed with column. Pollen-masses
2. Stigma concave, transverse.
1922. Aeranthes. Lip spurred, membranous, entire, jointed with an unguiform process of the column, to
which the two front sepals are adherent. Pollen-masses 2, hollow, perforated on one side, with no caudicula, .
and two glands.
1923. Calanthe. Lip spurred, lobed, united with the columna. Perianth. spreading. Pollen-masses 8.
1924. Stelis. Lip of the same form as the inner dwarf vaulted sepals. Three outer sepals united at base.
Pollen-masses 2.
1925. Malaris. Lip flat, expanded, regularly vertical. Column round. Pollen-masses 4, loose.
1926. Prescotia. Perianth. spreading. Two upper sepals connate at base. Lip behind, erect, fleshy, cucul
late, entire, embracing the very minute column. Pollen-masses 2, twin, granular, united by the end to a gland.
1927. Microstylis. Lip flat, sagittate, or deeply cordate. Column very small, round. Pollen-masses 4, loose.
MONANDRIA.
Orchideae. Sp. 6-37.
11 jn.jl
Pa.B. C. G. H.
1855. DISA. Stu.

12789 corn (ita JV.
Disa.
horned
12790 spatulta V.
spoon-lipped : A cu 1 jnji
green-flowered : ua cu #jn.jl
12791 prasinta B. Reg.
* LA el
small-flowered A LA cu
12793 grandiflra W.
large-flowered A LAJ spl
12794 graminiflia Banks blue
: A spl
12792 bracteta py.
1:
1805. R sp
Papu C. G. H. 1805. R sp Journ.sc.4.t5ifs

G.R. C. G. H. 1815. R. sp. Bot. reg. 210
jn.jl
jl.au
G
Sc
C. G. H. 1818. R s-p Bot reg. 324

C. G. H. 1825. R s.p Bot reg. 926
...
C. G. H. 1825. R sp Journ.sc.6t.1.fe

LA cu
#jn.s
Pa.Y. C. G. H. 1787.
un el
jn.s
Pk
C. G. H. 1787.
la or
o
Y
C. G. H. 1820.
1857. PLATANTHERA. Rich. PlataNTheRA.
Orchideae. Sp. 311.
12798 biflia Rich.
ButterflyOrchis: A pr1 myjn W
Britain woods.
12799 dilatta
dilated
* A pr1; au
W
Canada
1823.
1856. SATYRIUM. W. SATYRiuM.
12795 cuculltum W.
cucullate
At
12796 car'neum H. K.
reat-flowered :
12797 coriiflium W.
eathery-leaved:
12800 orbiculta
round-leaved
'
# Z\ cu 1" ap.my G
Canada
R. s.p Bot reg. 416

R. s.p Bot. mag. 1512
R. s.p Bot. reg. 703
R p.1 Eng, bot. 92

R. s.p Hook. ex: fl. 95
1823 R sp Hook. ex: fl. 145
1858. GYMNADE/NIA. R. Br. GYMNAdeNia.

Orchideae. Sp. 36.
12801 conpsea R. Br.
fragrant
* A pr1 jn.jl
Pu Britain me..pas. R. h.l Eng bot. 10
12802 viridis Rich.
Frog Orchis # ZX pr. #jn.jl
G. Britain me..pas. R 1.p Eng. bot. 94
12803 lbida Rich.
1859. OR/CHIS. L.
12804 Mrio W.
small-white
: A pr? jn.jl
Onchis.
meadow
* A or
12805 longicrnu P. S.
flat-spurred
early purple
2: La or
& A or
12806 mscula W.
Britain sun hi. R 1.p Eng bot. 505
; my jn Pu
i ap.my
Pu
ap.my Pu
Britain me..pas. R lip Eng bot 0.9

Barbary 1815. R Lp Bot reg: 202
Britain woods. R Lp Eng bot. Gl

1855. Disa. A name of unknown meaning, adopted by Linnaeus from Bergius. Beautiful Cape herba
ceous plants, with flowers of various colors, either growing singly, or in long spikes. Disa cornuta produces
a spike, often a foot or a foot and a half long. D. grandiora has large, nearly solitary flowers, of a brilliant
scarlet color. The species are cultivated without difficulty in a stove or in a greenhouse, if the roots are
planted in light sandy peat, mixed with a very little loam, and not overwatered. The same treatment is
suitable to the other tender tuberous or fibrous-rooted Orchideae.
: *m. The aphrodisiacal properties of Orchideous plants induced the ancients to give this name
knew;
fomThe
arveer,
satyr.
Thehandsome
bag-like piants,
appendages
the lip
Mr. Salisbur e app
":they
o: the
name.
speciesa are
mostly
with of
yellow
or have
pink perhaps
flowers
nearly full o l': ne, preserved Satyrium cucullatum some years, by attending to planting the bulb in a pot,
* tiles, mixed with pure sandy loam, and keeping it quite dry when not vegetating.
CLAss XX.
- -
- -
GYNANDRIA.
751
1928. Liparis. Perianth. spreading. Lip flat, expanded, entire, turned various ways. Column winged.
Pollen-masses 4, with neither caudicula nor glands.
1929.
Lip ventricose, spurred beneath near the end. Sepals ascending, 1-sided. Column petaloid,
dilated. Pollen-masses 4.
*:::
1930. Wanilla,
fleshy.
* 5. Pollen granular. Seeds not arillate.

Flower jointed with ovary, and deciduous. Lip united at base with columna. Capsule
Order 2.
DIANDRIA.
Stamens 2.
1931. Cypripedium. Lip ventricose, inflated. Column terminated by a petaloid lobe dividing the anthers.
Two anterior sepals usually united.
1932. Stylidium. Cal 2-lipped. Cor irregular, 5-fid; the fifth segment dissimilar. Column reclinate, with
a double bend. Anthers with 2 spreading lobes. Caps. 2-celled.
1933. Gunnera. Cal. 2-toothed, superior. Cor. O. Style 2-parted.
of the calyx.
Order 3,
1934. Aristolochia. Cal. O.
HEXANDRIA.
&
Drupe 1-seeded, crowned by the teeth
Stamens 6.
Cor. 1-petalous, ligulate, ventricose at base.
Caps. 6-celled, many-seeded, in
ferior.
MONANDRIA.
12789 Helmet blunt: spur conical deflexed, Inner sepals 2-toothed, Lip obovate velvety flat, Spike lax
1279d Helmet erect acute, Lip stalked dilated at end trifid, Stem few-flowered, Leaves linear
19791 Helmet blunt: spur obl, keeled convex at back, Lip linear acutish, Spike lax, Bractes shorter than fls.
12792 Helmet blunt: spur obl. Lip linear broadest at end, Spike cylindrical, Bractes erect longer than flowers
12793 Helmet acute erect: spur conical nodding, Lip linear blunt, Stem about 2-fl.
12794 Leaves filiform shorter than 3-flowered scape, Spur blunt ascending
12795 Radical leaves twin cordate roundish concave: cauline remote cucullate bluntish
19796 Radical leaves twin cordate roundish: cauline sheath-like close, Spike compact, Sepals keeled outside
12797 Leaves ovate acuminate somew, reflexed sheathing coriaceous crenated at edge, Fls and helmet cernuous
12798 Horn filiform twice as long as ovary, Lip linear entire, Rad leaves twin oblong narrowed at base
12799 Lip lanceolate obtuse dilated at base, Spur the length of lip a little shorter than the ovary, Stem leafy
12800 Lip linear lanceolate, Three upper sepals erect conniving: lateral reflexed, Leaves 2 orbicular
12801 Bulbs palmate, Lip trifid entire, Spur setaceous twice as long as ovary
12:02 horn short double, Lip linear 3-toothed: lateral teeth acute; middle very short
12803 Horn blunt 3 times shorter than ovary, Lip 3-parted: segments acute; middle one largest
[ovary
12804 Lip3-lob.: lobes cren, obt, midd one emargin. Seg. of perianth ascend obt. Spur conic ascend shorter than
12305 Lip 3-lobed: lateral reflexed toothletted; middle shorter than blunt, Spur long comp truncate ascendin
12806 Lip3-lob crenul. obt.: the midd, lobe cleft, Seg of the perianth cleft; exterior one reflex. Spurlin. ascen
compressed at the extremitv rather longer than the ovarv.
12797
12806
| ||
1857. Platanthera. So named from rearw, broad, and a,9*.x, an anther, on account of the width of that
organ, which is as broad or broader than the base of the labellum. Curious wood plants with greenish flowers.
Platanthera bifolia is one of our indigenous plants, which may be cultivated without any
if planted
in pure loam from a lime-stone bottom. It succeeds in a pot, if filled half full of broken tiles; and when in
the open ground, the border should be well drained, at least six inches in depth. No plant bears forcing
better, or exhales a more delightful perfume. This species is never observed but in a lime-stone soil, and is
exceedingly plentiful near Buxton.
1858. Gymnadenia. From 2 wavor, naked, and a3xv, a gland; because it differs from Orchis in not having
the glands enclosed in a pouch, but altogether uncovered. The principal species of the genus is the Orchis
conopsea of old botanists.
. Orchis. The Greek name of the plant.
In Arabic, according to Forskahl, it is called sahhleb, from
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
T52
1280, ustulata W.
12808 fusca W.
Class XX.
* A or
* A or
+ my.jn Pu
England dr.pa. R Lp Eng. bot. 18
3 my.jn Br. P England ch.hil. R. l.p Eng bot. 16
12809 tephrosan'thos Desf, fine-lipped

12810 militris W.
military
* A or
* A or
13 myjn Papu Britain ch.hil. R. l.p

1 my.jn Pu
England ch.so. Rh.l
12811 undulta Bivona
wavy-leaved
A LAI or
1 d
12812 acuminta W.
12813 globsa W.
12814 hircina W.
12815 latiflia W.
pointed-flower. : LA
round-spiked : A
Lizard
* A
marsh
* A
12816 maculta W.
spotted-palmate: A or
dwarf
brown
or 1 ap.my
or
# jn.jl
or 13 jn.jl
or
my.jn
12817 spectbilis W.
showy
*
12818 papilioncea W.
papilionaceous
12819 longibracteta Biv Sicilian
*
12820 variegta All.
variegated
*
12821 sulphrea Schrad sulphur-colored:
11 jn.jl
1818. R Lp Bot reg. 375
Papu
Papu
Pu
Pk
Barbary
Austria
England
Britain
1815.
1792.
ch.wo.
m.me.
Britain
woods. R. h.l
A or
jn.jl
Pk
N. Amer.
A or 1% jn.jl
Pa.pu S. Europe
A or 13 d
Pu
Sicily
LA] or
# ap.my Pa-pu S. Europe
LA or 1 myjn Y
Portugal
1860. NIGRITEL/LA. Rich. NignitellA.
Orchideae. Sp. 1.
12822 angustiflia Rich. dark-flowered : a cu
+ jn.jl
Br. P Austria
1861. HABENARIA. R. Br. HABENARIA.
12823 bracteta R.Br.
long-bracted
X. A cu 1 myjn G
N. Amer.
12824 hyperbrea R.Br. northern
* A cu
jn.jl
G
Iceland
12825 herbiola R.Br.
American
* A cu 1 jn.jl
G
N. Amer.
12826 fimbrita R.Br.
12827 cristta R.Br.
purple-fringed 2: A el
yellow-crested : a
yellow-fringed ''. A
12829 lcera Mich.
torn
* A
12830 blephariglttis Hook. white-fringed : z\,
12831 tridentta Hook
three-toothed : A
'13 jn.jl
Pu
Canada
1801.
1788.
1818.
1818.
1820.
R.
R
R.
R
R
R.
R.
R.
R.
l.p
lp
l.p
Lp
Lp
l.p
l.p
l.p.
l.p
Bot mag 1932

Jac. aust 3.t.*05
Eng bot. 34
Eng bot. 23.8
Eng. bot 532
Bot. cab. 78
Bot reg. 357
Bot reg. 367
Bot mag. 2569
1759. R Lp Flo dan. t. 998

1805. R Lp Sweet fl. gar &
1805. R Lp
1789. R. p.1
1789. R. p.] Bot. cab. 552
el
s
Y
N. Amer. 1806. R p.1
cl
jn.jl
Y
N. Amer. 1796. R. p.
pr14.jn.jl
Pa.Y N. Amer. 1812. R p.1
pr 1 my.jn W
Canada 1820. R s.p
pr1; myjn W
Canada 1820. R s-p
1862. BARTHOLINA. It. Br. BAittholiNA.
Orchideae. Sp. 1.
12832 pectinta R. Br.
pectinated
* [Z\] cu
io
W.
C. G. H. 1787. R. l.p
1863. GLOS'SUL.A. Lindl
Glossula.
Orchideae. Sp. 1.
12833 tentaculta Lindl. feeler-flowered A CA] cu
id
G
China
1824. R Lp
1864. ANAC AM/PTIS Rich. ANA campris.
Orchideae. Sp. 1
12834 pyramidlis Rich. pyramidal
* A or 13.jn.jl
It
Britain dr.pa. R h.l
1865. ACElt AS R. Br.
AcERAs.
Orchidear. Sp. 13.
12835 anthropphora R.Br. Green Man
2% a cu 1 jn
G
England ch.pa. R. l.p
1866. O'PHRYS. L.
Ophrys.
12836 apifera W.
Bee
* A el
#jnji
Pu England chipa. It hl
12837 tenthredinifera W. Saw-fly
* AJel # apmy Y.B. Barbary 1815. It sl
12838 aranifera iy.
Spider
* A el
# ap.my G
England ch.so, Rs.1
12828 ciliris R. Br.
12310
Eng bot. 1873
Pa.pu Sicily
Bot mag. 1668

Bot cab. 2:9
Hook. ex: fl. 87
Hook. ex: fl. 81
Journ.sc.4.
Bot reg. 862

Eng bot. 110
Eng bot: 29
-
Eng, bot-83
Bot reg: 5
Eng.: bot-65
## 12812 12822
History, Use, Propagatton, Culture,
whence doubtless our word salep has been obtained. This is a curious and beautiful genus, but rather difficult
of culture. Few of the species produce seeds, but are propagated by their bulbs or tubers, which, in most of
the species, are of a peculiar structure and economy. An Orchis being taken out of the ground is found with
two solid masses, ovate or fasciculated at the base of the stem, above which proceed the thick fleshy fibres
which nourish the plant. One of these bulbs or tubers is destined to be the successor of the other, and is
plump and vigorous, whilst the other or decaying one is always wrinkled and withered. From this withered
one
has proceeded
the existing
stem, andBy
thethis
plump
onethe
is an
offset,
from the
of which
the stem
the
succeeding
year is destined
to proceed.
means,
actual
situation
of centre
the plant
is changed
aboutofhalf
from the side opposite to the withered bulb, the plant

travels always in one direction at that rate, and will in a dozen years have marched six inches from the place
an inch every year; and as the offset is

where it formerly stood.
in the garden, the Orchis can hardly be said to be propagated; the species are generally taken up from their
native habitations with balls, and transferred to a shady border, where they remain for a year or two, but sel.
dom increase.
Those which grow in the open fields are generally found in calcareous soil, and those in bogs or
woods thrive best in peat, or peat and loam mixed. The culture of this genus, however, has been very little
attended to. According to Sweet, the best time to transplant the British Orchideae, is when they are in a
growing state.
The Orchis affords the preparation known as Salep, imported from Turkey, and other parts of the Levant;
and
which skin
has also
been
in this
country
mascula,
other species.
The root
washed,
the brown
rubbed
off,made
and then
dried
in anfrom
oven O.and
ground and
into powder.
This powder,
as anis article
of
diet, ' accounted extremely nutritious, containing a great quantity of farinaceous matter in a small bulk. 0,
'y abundant in the meadows of Gloucestershire, and Salep has been made from its bulbs, equal
at imported. (Encyc. of Agr. 5527)
ORDER. I.
75s
12807 Lip 3-part.: seg. lin. dotted scabr. ; midd. 2-parted, Sepals erect ac. Spur uncin. thrice as short as ovary
12808 Lip 3-part. dott. scabr.: later seg. obl.; midd. Iarg 2-lob cren. with a point betw. Spur straightish thrice
as short as ovary, Bractes 4 times as short as ovary
12809 Lip 4-parted very narrow: segm. filif ; middle longer with a tooth between, Spike conic. Bractes minute
12810 Lip 3-parted very narrow: seg. lin. ; midd. 2-lob, blunt with a point between, Spur straight twice as short
as ovary, Bractes obsolete
12811 Bulbs ovate, Stem
Lip 3-parted scabr.: lat seg. very narr.: midd very long bifid with an appendage,
Leaves wavy spott
12812 Lip 3-lobed dotted: middle broadest with a tooth between, Spur compressed, Outer sep. subul. Spike dense
1213 Lip 3-part : midd. seg. emarg. Sep. mucron. at end, Spur twice as short as ovar. Spike dense ov. : lanc.
12814 Lip 3-parted: lat seg. lin. sub. : middle long bifid thrice as long as ovary, Spur very short conical double
12815 Lip slightly 3-lobed: sides reflex. Three inn segm of perianth conniv. Spur cylind shorter than germen,
Bract longer than the flowers
12816. Lip plane 3-lobed crenate: 3 inn. segm of perianth conniv.; lat ones patent, Spur cylind shorter than the
germen, Bract as long as the germen
#.
12817 Lip obov. undiv. cren ret. Sep.straight: lat-long. Spur clav short-than ovary, Bract. longer than fl. [ovary
12818 Lip obov. undiv. tooth emarg. Sep. nerv. conniv. Spur subul. short than ovar. Bract membr. col. as long as
12819 Bulbs undivided, Sepals conniving, Lip trifid: middle segment projecting 2-lobed, Bractes longer than fl.
12-20 Lip trifid dotted: segments ovate serrulate; middle broadest emarginate, Spike ovate compact
12821 Scape naked, Lip slightly 3-lobed at end, Spur ascending, Bractes as long as ovary
12823 Spur short double, Lip linear retuse 3-toothed: lateral blunt; middle obsol. Bractes twice as long as fl.
12824 Spur cylindrical shorter than ovary, Lip entire linear oblong
[than flower
12825 Spur filif shorter than ovary, Lip obl. blunt toothed on each side at base, Palate 1-toothed, Bractes longer
12826 Spur filiform longer than ovary, Lip 3-parted with cuneiform fringed segments
12827 Spur filiform shorter than ovary, Lip lanceolate pinnatedly fringed, Inner sepals toothed cut
12-28 Spur filiform longer than ovary, Lip lanceolate pinnatedly fringed, Inner sepals fringed cut
12829 Lip long 3-parted: segm. somewhat digitate filiform, Spur length of ovary, Spike obl. Flowers alternate
128.30 Roots fascicled, Lip lanc. ciliated the length of upper sepals, Spur very long a little shorter than ovary
12831 Sepals conniving, Lip nearly equal broad ovate bluntly 3-toothed, Spur filiform curved longer than ovary
'. Spur filif.

12834 Lip3-cleft: lobeseq ent with 2longitud append on upp. side near base, Seg. of perin.lanc. 2 outer ones
12835 Lip the length of ovary
12836 Lip 3-fid: middle lobe largest i-trifid; middle segm. longest subulate deflexed
12837 Lip 2-lobed villous obovate appendaged, Sepals spreading: three outer oblong blunt; inner very short
12838 Lip 3-lobed; lateral short blunt: middle retuse
Orchis fusca and militaris, according to Salisbury, succeed best in chalky soil, free from all manure
whatever; but they will endure more moisture than would be supposed; for he found them in a very wet part
of the meadow below the terrace, at Mill Hill, where they had, no doubt, been planted by Mr. Peter Collinson.
Gymnadenia conopsea affords another singular instance of this sort, which is found growing wild on the driest
,
mixed with Anacamptis pyramidalis, and in bogs where one can hardly tread, mixed with Epipactis
ustris.
": igrifelta. So named by M. Richard, from niger, black, in allusion to the color of the flowers.
1861. Habenaria. From habena, a thong or rein, on account of the long spur of the flower, which resembles
something of that sort. Most of the species have white flowers, and natives of America. Some have bright
yellow flowers, others purple ones.
1862. Bartholina. Named in honor of Thomas Bartholini, a Danish physician, who flourished at the end
of the seventeenth century. A small Cape plant, with a beautifully fringed white flower.
1863. Glossula: So called by Mr. Lindley, from , a tongue, in reference to the tongue-like segments
of the labellum. An obscure Chinese plant, with pale green minute flowers.
1864. Anacampris. From 2rr, to bend back, in allusion, it is presumed, to the reflexed edges of the
of the pollen-masses. In all respects similar to Orchis in habit. It is the Orchis pyramidalis of
"
Linnaeus.
1865. Aceras. From *, without, and ***, a horn, in allusion to the absence of the spur from the labellum,
by which character it is chiefly distinguished from Orchis. Aceras anthropophora is difficult to cultivate. It
can only be propagated by seeds, which thrive best in a mixture of sand, loam, and chalk.
1866. Ophrys. From the Greek word
which signifies an eye-lash, to which the delicate fringe of the
inner sepals may be very well compared. C. apifera is a singularly beautiful plant, not uncommon on calcareous
soils, near woods, and in open meadows. It ripens seeds plentifully, as will all the species, if care be taken, as
3 C
#:
Class *.
754
England
cb.ua,
R
h.
b*6*",.
Pu Europe ... R h.l Bot ma.SI
12839
H. . Fly
A A elel }I my.Jn
my.jn Br
12840 muscifera
arachnites
12811
ltea
W. W. villous
yellow
A iAJ el I ap.my Y Spain 18 IU Hook. M. 8.1
L
Orchidc. $SwitxerL
186/. alpina
CHAMOR'CHia
.
ISS*. R ip
12843
Aie*.
alpine amorous.
A iAI pr I ap.my
Orchide.
1868.
HEHMI'NIUM.
R.Br.
Hbbminiuu.
England
ch.ba, R Lp Eng. bot. "1
12843 Monrchis R. Br. musk
A A cu i jn.JI G
4>. 2*.
186& Lingua
SERA'PIAS.
Seraphs. A iAJ cu 1 Orchide.
my.jn Br S. Europe 1786. R lp Bot cab. "55
12844
W. R.Br.tongue-lipped
12845 cordlgcra W.
heart-lipped A iAI CU 1 jUu Br S. Europe 1806. R Lp Bot rep. 475
5a alwo. D Lp Eng. bol m
Orchidetr.W Sp.Scotland
1870. GOODYE'RA.
K. Goodyba. J pr fjl.au
12846
H. .H. . H. creeping
Lind. colL S5
N.
Amer. 1802.
li*47 rpens
pubescen
downy
S f1 Jln.d w
reg. 271t
Amer.
1815. DD LpLp Bot
W S.Nepal
purple-leaved
EJ
22 pr 2 jn.jl W
12848
discolor
.
reg.
Hooter,
ISM.
D
Lp
Nepal
J
12849 prcera
12850
tesseUStaHook.
Lodd. tessellated ^ pr fjn.jl W N. Amer. 1821. D Lp Bot . 952
Orchide. Sp. I.
DlURIS.
1871. urea
DIU'RIS.
12851
Sw. Su-. golrten-flowered lAI el ... N. S. W. 1810. l p Exot bot LI)
Orchide.G i>W.2. Indies 1800. D Lp Bot mug 842
1872.
PONTHIE'VA.
..
Ponthibva.
12852
R. Br. italked
glandular 1
cu 11 ja.mr
S.Vincent 182. D Lp Bot reg.TJ
au Br
12853 giandulsa
petiolta Ld
<2S cu
1. ch.wo. R Lp Eng. bot.
*1873.
NEOTTIA.
. jfi cu 1 Orchide.
my Sp.Britain
12S54 Nidus
avis W. . bird's-nest
Orchide.
Sp.
613.
1874.
8PIRANTHE&
*.
Snunm
Bot
mag. lffl
Trinidad
DD s.p
W
Lemon-scented LA]
prpr S2 apjn
1S855
plcta
Lindl.
BoLmag.SbA
W. Indies 1805.
!
apjn
W
tall
L22
1285.
clta
Lim.
Lindl
coi 3
China
1819.
D
ap
i n.d Pk
12857
LimiT.
modest
Bot.
18S3. DD ap
W Trinadad
two-colored
]S E3
122
PrprPr 11 j-f
12858 pdica
bicolor
Lindl
Bot te*
mar.7L>
N. Amer. 1796.
Lp EngbotStl
jl
W
1285!)
cemua
/.
nodding-flower.^
BriUin mepa. D Lp
12860 aestivalis Rich. Ladies-traces pr {au.1
Orchide,
1875. specisus
STENORHYN'CHUS.
Rich. Stenuiiiivnciii's.
Bot mag. lt
\V.27.
Indies 1790.
]_ 'ESel
1If my
ap.jn
SeF Sp.Jamaica
128(H
Rich.
showy
_
1806. DD ap
ap Bot mag. Hon
128;K orchtoides Rich. frosted-flower*d 22 el
2. woods. R l.p Eng. bot. IW
1876. oi'ta
LISTE'RA.
Twav-bladb. V 1 Orchide.
12863
H. . R. Br. common
mv.ju t sp.Britain
12864 cordita II .
heart-leaved J cu ,jn.jl G Britain moi.h. R Lp Eng bot SS
1877.bulbsa
ARETH'SA.
Aretiiuha. A lAl el I Orchide.
Bot mag. 220t
Amer. ..
iny.jn Pk SpN.1*.
12865
H. K. L. bulbous
12849
12851*
Ute, Propagation,
Culture,be sown as soon as "1. andtheplsn
directs, to ' rub the pollen onHistory,
the stigma."
The seeds must
' , and of
lanted
tosuccessfully
where theycultivated
are finallyby toCollinson,
remain, inwhen
ofbotanic
a smallgarden
sire, atbeveral
specicsHia ^,3t0 W1U
plat'
Orchis,
were
his
Mill-Hill.
owwniuml
them in a soil and situation as natural to them! asaS possible,
and
to
suffer
the
grass
aml
nernag
[
fMnJ
[HJSSIUie,
HIIU
w
jum.
.....
e-
,!
1,1
nota
tum
IVO. aranifera, with a little attention and management, will grow and flower ireiiy ii_j no m(ire , n
the following
methodthesuccessful
" take
the roots
whenganlcn-pot
in flower ;witni
"tun." r choicr
IMiia
necessary
to remove
roots of: the
otherupplanta
: fill carefully
a large sized
finrr lhan
moderately
stiff,
and
one
part
chalk,
mixed
well
together,
and
passed
through
a
sieve
hKh
a|nrli
common
cmder
sieve ; in during
this mixture
placeif your
roots at about
incms i f ^ t ..e^
ttlc pot
water them
occasionally
summer,
the weather
prove the
dry depth
at theof two
approachira
notin
atheframe
it frombefore
wet and
destroy
the be""1?.tin.- i~ (
plantunder
itself:a glass,
in theto keep
autumn,
any frost,
of thewhich
otherscombined,
make their
appearance,
(Cur/is,
FL Load.that
n. 68.)Ophrys muacifera, and most of its congeners, are very easily
.. ,u,ud but
require.ettne
Salisbury
purest
loam says,
from a chalky
bottom, and the border to he most eflbctually drained ; cuu>riivjj
. ; i ^ct
s|i ht ,<,r"
summer makes them push too soon. On the hillocks and decHvltles where they growJvn"'efYM midsummerare absorbed by the surrounding turf or long grass, and the heavy rains we usually
day8B7.
run off quickly From v,, dwarf, and Orchis. A pretty little alpine Pla"^,,cij^n"!'.',pnsheJ
edingly difficult to
cunate.CliamorchU.
Roots have been brought in damp moss from Swiuerland, but they probably v i~
! which Ii not explained by its author. It is the Ophrya Monorchie of oU
1868. Herminium.
botanista.
Is the name
an Egyptian
divinity,
temples
notorious
41
...jsc
icmpies were
-eiv
nu.y..seems"^
|;"1?
Wlt '
to ^theof, uses
of the plant,
as alsowhose
in Satyrium,
the word
to . JKfappHed
vb
SiS hcrbacoous
plants.ill.-r
of theMr.south
ofi; Europe,
'
'iin 187)
-aii'.u-T'1',"1'
,
1
ilttsl
Join,
iur,
an"ohrc"5ritish
botanist.
T/"'sp'K
*W"
.I"'..??*'railedmost
afterofMr.
Goodyer,
l**. nd,. Sounlike
theJohn
Orchidese,
may. be increased by dividing the rooU.
OftDER I,
GYNANDUIA MONANDRIA.
13839
Lip
3-d:
muidle
lohe
large
2-lobed,
Anther
t755
ISMO Stem
Stem leafy,
leafy. Lip
3-lobed
midd. lobe
obov.: blunt
shortly
3-lobed
Inner sepals
ihort
ISStl
Lip rill.
downy
obov.: 3-lobed
at end
lobes
nearly
equal,at end,
Innersepals
Line, linear-lanc.
twiceasshortveryaa outer
ISftiS Leaves linear setaceous. Scape naked
128*3 The radical leaves lanceolate twin
oblongacuminate
lanceolatehanging
acute smoothiih
i IjJu 1Lip
128*5 Lip S-ported
3-parted :: middle
middle lobe
lobe ovate
down
V>h. Radical
Radical leaves
leaves ovate.
ovate, Lip
Lip ovat
and petals
lanceolate
1S847
acuminate,
Sepals
ovate
1SH4S Leaves fleshy chocolate-colored ovate without nerves
Pl|k> 1%40
leafy,variety
Leavesofovate-lanceolate
roundet
1SS50 Stemsmooth
G. pubescen* stalked, Lip rounded
glandular inside, Petals broad ovate
ii Leaves
Up unguiculate
Inner
r erectsepals
. imooUl, Flowers discolored
Di;Dl| ki 1
lfcii Spike
laxgmculateacummnterect, acuminate.
Leaves stalked
crispJ-e-vate
Iif * 15*TVonly species
IMS
Rad.obo.ate
Ivs. obLemargmate,
Une Scapewithbrades,
Anterior
sepals
decurrent
placed under
IS* Up
Scape sheatheil,
Bractcs
shorter
than dower.
Leavesthe
ova^**!
e sulked Bat at c.
MR
Umvb
linear-Ian?.
I.ip
subsessilc
crenulatc
at
end,
Sepals
ovarium
and
rsdMaM^
MS
I.VS.
tanto
iVulorcd,
Scape
villous
much
longer
than
leaves,
Fl
gibbouson
its outside:
base
19 Leaves lanceolate 3-nerved, Stem sheathed, Flowers recurved ccrnuous, Lip oblong entire
acuteat edge
1 Had. loves oblong somewhat stalked, Spike twisted with the Bowers on one side, Lip ovate
m Up
Scape Dracteatc,
Bractcs
Bower,
oblongLipwavy
toward, the end
12S8
Had.lane,
leavesundivided,
broad lanceolate,
Spike erect.
Liplonger
saccatethan
at base
withLeaves
the sepals,
acuminate
lBStemwithonlyapairorov..ellipt.opp.lvs. Col. of fructification having an i.rv
1286*stem with only 2cordate opposite leaves, Col. without any appendage
behind. Lip with 2 teeth at the b
. Ii ii
a lu&u
a Ig
Il III V
12859
12*54
13864
and Misceiianeous
HolUndcbm, JES? ?,r douUe- an(i
* tail, in Particular*.
allusion to the form of the sepals. Beautiful New
ffiTr
, aflt"rcuIvd
i thewho
samesentwaymany
as Disa.
^8.pecies
niT i -Nomcd
Ponthieu,
specimens of West Indian plants to Sir J. Banks,
"parinelv
okvî Ju-nt- c'lltivated
in not
pots,inwell
drained,state,
and filled with sandy loam and peat Water must be
W?
XSS
,,lants
arc
KTOwing
^^natunllv
'he interwnvm.in wol
In
t;reck
signifies
bird's
nest,
and
hasthebeen
applied
the been
presentyetplant
on accountIt
. ofam<in8
'te roots.
No leaves,
means and
of cultivating
only
speciesto has
discovered.
B7i
Sprr'anhJl
p
decayed
is
supposed
to
be
parasitical.
fa*m on thnir 4 tm """'*- screw, or any thing spirally twisted ; on account of the dUj-nsition of the
ha thi. h 0IH'hcateftow'er-stalks
little herbaceous regularly
plants with fibrous
roots,
and generally resembling
white flowers.
r^Mlii
Raited
abovespecies
another,
tressesS.
lhw
mn.t hair
0f jt, *^ lU narae f Ladies'placed
traces or treeecs.oneThis
growssomewhat
more readily in the garden
Pigatod 'ii^flpvp!y,*llury' no ]* whatever is more easy to cultivate than
nbe
- -,.1 "TT
' sPrinKing
up from
seeds in ontheaneighbouring
At soil
Chapel-Allerton
it profor wantin them
of dramini
once I,u,lli
germinating
dead root of pots,
a Pt, this.
whatever
or plants
'eman
Cyclamen,
in a pot,happened
which
a fountain
ftransformed
cultivation.intoThebesi
well exposed to the
7t>
Orchidetc.
,
1878. nulchllus
CAI-OPCPGOV.
. -1 el 1| jhau
Pu Sp.N.1.Amer. 1771.
1S866
. . tubcroua-rooted
Limodrum tuberosum . M.
1879. POGO'NIA. S Jr.Adder's-tongue
Foco!*. lAI el 1 Orchidc*.
lOôpMoglossoidesrfg.
jn.jl Pk Sp.N.N.84.
Amcr. 18|6.
Amer.
1787.
Jjnjl
88
divarcu
H.
K.
Lily.leaved
pr
N. Amer.
182A
12869 pndula Limit. pendulous A \ au
Sp.5-8.
1880.
EPIPACTS.
Sie. broad-leaved
EpiPAcns. jr or 11 Orcnidc.
Britain
jl.au
P
12870
<f.
P Britain
5i oror -I jl.au
12871
palustris
W.
marsh
jn W Britain
12S72
pllens W.IK
white
Britain
II
jn
12873
ensiflia
narrow-leaved
er
1287+ rubra W.
purple
or jnjl Pu Britain
Orchide.
Sp.
12.
1881.
CALEA'NA.
R.
Br.
ClLUXa.
12875 major . X.
smootn-lippcd 'A lAI pr ... O N. S. W.
1882. CORALI.ORRHI ZA. H. . CoBaLLORHl ZA. Orchide. Sp.
I.
12876 inntn H. .
spurless
eu 4 jnjl o Scotland ecwo.
Orchide.
Sp.
12.
18S3.
RODRIGE-ZIA.
Ft.
per.
RoDRlurKZl.
o
R S. Amcr. isia
12877 secunda
A'unfA.coccneaone-sided
PtcurothaU
Hooker ES el
Sp. I
Orchide.
1884.
GOME'Z.
R.
Br.
Gmez*.
12878 recurva B. M.
recurved
23 el \ my.jn Y Brasil 1314.
j.Jamaica
711. 1790.
Orchide.
1885.
CYMBI'DIUM..
Sum.
.
trianguL-fruit
cu
1287 aloitlium
tripterun. ff.
E Indies 17S0.
17
Hr China
1 i jn.jl
my.jn Br
Aloe-Ieaved jjfy 2
(AI
or
1288U
L'i
jn.O
13881 ensiflium W. sword-leaved J' [AJft
' ft B.0
China
1793.
2
12882
sinuse
W.
Chinese
Indies 1822.
[22 el fray Y.o EChina
12883
lanriflium Lodd.
Hook. Isnce-Icaved
1822.
12884
depndeiis
hangtng.down
j
China
1814.
{
my.au
G
*
12885 xiphiiflium Lindl, iword-eaved
Orckidcas.Y.R Sp.Jamaica
2.
I881. maculta
BRAS'SIA.
Brassia, . ijSlel 1 jn.jl
1808.
1288I
H. ,R.Br. spotted-flower.
1 el 1 jnjl U.v.R VV. Indies 1823.
12887 caudta
Lindt.
long-tailed
Orchide.
Sp.
1.
1887.
USSOCHl'LUS.
R.
Br.
Lissociiilus.
12S88 spccisiis R. Br. showy
jg EZ3 spl 2 my.jn Y C. G. H. 1818.
1888. purpureum
GEODO'RUM.
Jacks.
Geodubum.jg 71 el 1 jnOrchide.
au YPu Sp.EE34.
Indies 1800.
12889
H.
.
purple
11 o.d
12890
citritium
H.
.
Lemon-colored
jR
[AJ
el
my.nu
Fk E Indies
Indies 1800.
1).
1281 dllettura H. . shovel-lipped Z2 el
Ochide.
Sp.Trinidad
37. 1822.
t*1889.
CATASETUM.
Rich.
Catasetum.
2
jl.au
Y.Br
1282
trideottumLindl.
Hook, Cap*.
three-toothed
22 gr 2 jl.au Y.Br Brazil 1822.
12893 CLiverin'gi
Clavering'f?/5
12894 ItoribftndtmitfooAgr many-flowered gT 2 n Y.Br Trinidad 1824.
Cus*. XX>
R Lp Bot mag HC
RD LpLp um.
Botrtg.1
D Lp Bot reg.mma
D Lp Eng. bot S
DD Lp1 p Eng.bot
D Lp En*,
Eng. bot
bot 271
m
D Lp Eng-bot
D Lp
D Lp Eng. bot IM"
Dp.r.wHooV.ra.fl.l29
Dp.r.w Bot mag. 17
Smithmav.3
it J"*-14
DDDp.r.w
l.pl.p Botmig
Bot
Wl
1)D l.plp Bol
Hook.raas-S"
es. I
Dpr.wBotrall^
Dl.p Bol.reg.iS9
IiD ppr.w
r.w Bot
Bot, niag.
reg. S161
D Lp LindL coll31
D Lp RobI.J*
I)D lpLp Bot.
Bot mag.
reg. SB21
....9)
Er.wBOtr"
(!.*..* 151
12870 ,m
y ,2869
12877
1878. Calopogon,!'"1"
From"'lr"
, ""0'*' Propagatiim,
ft
f-R! ,
"-"- beautiful fnngeof the lip
"mothel)i.
r' sl>Hn8
17&' exorno,TJ .'' Tly,,hc
'fr urIi' >"
U, by bad
the laudable
"
ZS'' '1"|
"oftooth-^fSb,?,
"rlh "'eh
been broujl.t
o.er;
'rder'S Jîoualy SJ HettiS^J0 " 55 f Hellebore, and uni by 8wM> to di.tiau!'.>

1 ivorafw.
oSl' '"'
water whenMrIn ore,"
a lon,Z . , T w,n " we" "byl"'
in mixture
le'i.tal
dividing
root.."of loaman.
[.
paSW
T1'0 name,
n,*N"K|
mong""er
the nativ of N. f ,1nd
T.ott indefatigable and
acutethebotanical
collector,
ho
f,T""p
'"'"^"entlyci^toL^S
where
he made
a valuable
collection
^vS'mlm'm
1'feferdivision
to tl^^".10
= "**
requ.re
being
too similar
Calca,of plaa
. veryof
^^'^.;.^
of!!," root!'8" ""Cak7a
"<
the
commonto treatment
Et,'''rC,nerorldA
""t. onItaccount
of itsorboggy
blanche,!
roots, -HWnorthern
**
'tnlucert l ,4,- 1butc,nt
"lewe*?TOMfft^Sj1""d.
three
cult,va"on.
places
haveArnm-tVan^SS,r
not Ed '?T,? i. vc,ni"t
multinora,II aandnative
lontorhiSi
are saidin the
to have been
01 their having been cultivated with any success.
GYNANDRIA MONANUHIA.
T7
ni)la
Ijb HSIn or. md

. Dl> '
ah?
"
~" "P cr'*p' Slcm a"eu'r
Uli
lliv
1(1* m
I -nceou.
Bulb'
1-sided, Leaves lanceolate flat
1SI7 Sternlose,
LeavesbroadJinear
growing onchannelled
a bulb : radical
Scapes
many-flowered,
Swinged
ias*i
Leaveg radical
fleshy sheathing,
retusu at end,
Scopes
inany-floweredOvary
pendulous
11 Leave*
U'.Ln-s radical
nerved, Scape
Scape few-flowered,
round few-flowered,
ovate Seiialsstriated
somewhat recurved
spotted
IWiJ
radical enliform
ensiform nerved.
FlowersLipI-sided,
: 3 outer
reflexed
Leaves
radical
lanceolate
nerved
narrowed
at
base.
Scape
round
few-fl.
Lip
obi.
recurved
at
end spotted
l->4 Bulbous, Leaves plaited. Racemes divaricating pendulous radical
5 Leave* thiekish hn.-subulatc channelled nerved crenate as long as scape, Spike few-fl. Lip notspotted
13*5Sepals
lanceolate
spreading
not longer
ovary
Sepals linear
lanceolate
acuminate
: thethan
lower
caudatevery much longer than ovary
13888 onlyspecies. A tall plant with long rigid linear lanceolateleave* on a bulbous base
}:*pj*2**1
longer than
Raceme pendulous,
Flowers
alternate, Lip
oviteatacute
paintedand entire at end
EE!?apc *hort*r
UieBleaves,
l** Sp'kependulous,
Fis. close,
Lipsomewhat
spurred
base blunt
** than Its. Spikependulous, Fis. close, Lipsomew. spurred at base dilated and crenuL at end
pals spotted. T.m i-
Iherbaceous
Emanuel Rodrigues,
a Spanish
JS
G"
"
l**SBrown,

plant, growing
upon
k
*".??
vt-niuous
racemes
ofa lively
pinka....color.
im"bilDMdiitinf
L Mr
in honor
of1 wmt
Seor
Gomes,
Spanish
apothecary.
Mr. Lindley
-m
asL
A
l,,l,,">u*
epiphyte,
with
drooping
spikes
ofyellow
flowers.
"êsofCymbidiun,
11
littlc
boat,
In
allusion
to
the
form
of
the
labellum.
All
the
genuine
51
'""".chipsof,,
terr*-"tnd,
rarelyrubbish,
are found
growing
cultivation the
bv dividid ,.ptenmli'
andandother
broken
small,upon
andtrees.
put inInwell-drained
pot*species
Theygrow
are
,hc Kew iiaidnn ?"1 a Mr. Brass, an intelligent gardener, who collected seeds and plants in Africa for
Branialoniimahi,i t spmes
now yellow
known flowers,
are among
the most
beautiful
tribes has
of Ej.iden"*, with
18 llule
elegantly
spotted
with ofthe
brownvarious
; B. caudata
similar
J887- UstochuuiAm % "m ower
^pnents.
^tbttpart
smooth,
and
*,
a
lip,
in
reference
to
the
absence
of
callosity
ora crest*
Pe?LTbi'fiorr*Vl444l."18l'r
raro
and
vtry
plant,
which
grows
freely
in
sandy
loam
with
little
,Llies- Geodor * ,0nB ,pika a bri?nt yellow color.
Hendl
i
yr,t>
l,,e
earthand
a
gift,
in
reference
to
the
beauty
of
the
"
'
J?*
"*
',la"u- "cccedinK
with theexiractictreatment of Cymbidiuro
Uo 'S"-lili
SS
llnA|lpar',!tl>r
* word ofhybrid
suorhomsofthecolumna,
which constitute
33
Class XX.
GYNANDHIA MONANUIUADp.r,wLind.
cotLbot
Brazil 1818.
ESI or 2 o.n Y.Br
12895
I looker. Limit.
Hooker's
G Brazil
1 Dpr.w
IZCU
l89G cristtum
Limit. crested
1890. fatcta
TRIZEX1S.
TtlZBl'XtS. 23 cu I Orchide.
f.mr G Sp.W.1. Indies 1S20. Dp.r.w Lindl. coaS
12897
Limit. Lindl.falcate
; V Sp.r,i
1uncertain.
1822. Dp.rwBot.rcg. I
1891. squlens
XYLO'BIUU
Xylobu m. El cu 3 Orchide.
my.jn Y.Br Brazil
15896
Lindl. Lindl.dingy-flower'd
Orchide. Sp. 2 uncertnin. Dp.r.w Hook. ex. 1
tl892.
MAXLLARIA. Fl.Urge-flowered
per. Maxillaria. eu 1J jn.au
Y.G SW.Amer.
Indies 1790.
12S99 Harrisn.ai
Harringiiiie/.i/irf/.
Y.G
... Dpr.w Bot reg. 897
12yOU
Lindl. Mrs.Harrisou's/1L spl 1 s
Orchide. Sp.Trinidad
12. 1822. D pxw Bot reg. 189
NOTY'LI
A.
Lindl.
Notylia.
12901 punctata Lindl. dotted
i? El cu au.
Pierotliallis
punctata
reg.
/ fenuif.ora
Bot.cab.
1.25.
1894. PLEUROTHAI/LIS. R. Br. PuntRothALtw. Orchide.
W. Indies 1823. Dp.r.w Hook.ex. fi.
129U2 ..
racemiib'T;iH. K.Lindl,
AJ
23 cucu I l
my.jn GG W. Indies 1791. Dpr.wJac am.t.l3i3
129U3
Butcher's-broom-lv.
Orehide. Sp. 925.
tl895.
ONCI'DIUM Sw. sharp-petaled
Oncidium,
Dpr.wJac. amer. i.i1 1*1
Indies
1793.
23 or aus Y \V.
12W4
altssi
W.Amer.
Indies 1811
1791. Dpr.wBotmag.
12905
earthajinse
JV. Spread-eagle
Dpr.w Bot. mag. MW
&Jamaica
two-leaved
12WX
biflium
H.
K.
1793. Dp.r.w
triangular-lvd.
129u7
trlnuetrum
H.
K.
Dpr.wBot
reg.coll727
S.Amer.
1822.
Mr. Griffin's
1208
luridum Lindl.
Dp.r.w LindlS.Brazil
Amer. 1818.
12909
barutum
>.
bearded
Dpr.w
Bot -
1818.
12910
flexusum
M.
zigzag
Dpr.wBot reg.90
Brazil
2911 pimilum
Lindl. dwarf
Trinidad 1824.
182J. Dp.r.wBot reg. 910
12912
Paplio L/drf/.
Butterfly Plant j? 2D gr '
Orchide.
S/.2.
189&
CYRTOPOTMM.
Sr.
.
Indies 1814.
1804, DD pip.1 Bot
12913
Anderson's fEJel
fi 23 el 22 my.au Y S.W.Amer.
Bot mag.
mag- j0
W*
12914 Andersnii
Woodfrdii .. .M. Woodford's
Orchide.
Sp.
37.
1897.
CLO'GYNE.
Lindl.
Ccelouy.mb.
Dpr.w
...
Y
E.
Indies
1822.
12915
punctulta
Lindl, dot-flowered fi 23
el 1 ... Y E Indies 1822. D p.r.w
1291t
1217 nitida
timlmtaLindl.
Lindl. shining-leaved
fringed
23
23 el Jjl o Y.Br China 1824. Dpr.w Bot reg. 8
Orchide. Sp. 1.
1898 lutsceiis
MACRADE'NIA.
R.Br. Macraokma.
12918
R. Br. yellowish
23 cu I d Ol Trinidad 1821. D p r.w Bot reg. 612
18!.
ANISOPE'TALUM.
Hooker.
Amsopetalum.
Orchide.
Sp.
1.
1219 Carejanata Hookcr Dr. Carey's 23 cu Jo Br.P Nepal 1823. Dpr.w Hook, ex.il
Orchide. Sp. 917.
T190U DbSDllOTlUM. U.K. Dkndrobium.
Dpi
bot
12920 suecium
Dpr.w KxoLbot-.
12921
Iniginf.'irme.R.Br.Br. showy
tongue-leaved 4 [J spl
'pi Bot mag. 12922
cuculltum
.
Br.
cueullate
C
pl
Hook.
ex. J?
p.l Hookex.
fl.'l
1292'J
Pierfirdi
Hook. Pierard's
12924
fimbrituin
fringed
pl
Hu-am-t-4'01
1223 crumentum IV. sweet-scented _
129
History, Vie, Propagalton, CtUture,

Very
fine
cpiphvtcs,
withcontain
large abulbous
roots,viscid
plaitedjuice,
leaves,
i*2Sl for tb^l41'purple
color.
The
bulbs
quantity
whichandis fine,
used,often
when fresn,
pose1890.of sealing
letters.So called
The ph.uts
areLindley
thereofcalled
Cebolleta.
n _ i,a(inWbeen
Trizeush.
by
Mr.
without
explanation.
We
suppose
tnZu
one, icrmed
wh"""
from
T-us,
three,
and
liu&s,
union,
in
allusion
to
the
remarkable
union
of
three
se
,nc
jinvi
t by l>
takes place in this genus. A verv singular epiphyte, which is with difficulty kept anvc
Waed
finely pulverised
decayedwood,
wootl.in allusion' to the substance upon which, ..it grows.
. cUrious
1891. in.
From v?.e,
ifiS?"
P'P"!*8
witb
pUited
leave*.
This
is
of
easy
cultivation.
nfnrm
us, bectl*P1"1
ilvit! .Miifiitatia.
-r, Sos,,al sideways,
called
,-;iIU-.l byin the
tin- authors
:,nt\.!,>-theofniMaxill
\u- Flora
the
Peruviana,
: insects.
, "1^*np souih
*h.t*".leaves
lool<etl
of_ some
like other epiphytes, and not w
plaited
and showy flowers.
The) are CuL.Itivated
CAlSiv-^^.
we presume,
>, the theback,author
and thea genus,
bump, '"^^J^
curious. An
raeeme
St 8 ^npliytc
back80 of the
stigtlia,
whichand
Mr.
dL ^sapCnduk.u*
without
bulbs,
withLindley,
solitary leaves, out ofof the
bosom ofconjmwm
thSw^?'From TA,.*, w'th.solitary

n rib. and ,
in allusion
*"
rarely in deooSy^S
leaves, noto flower,
bulbs, and
flowers toof a^^*-^
green cu
b
E pn!ai
B lp
j/i
l 5udn
Q|_ $p\
bp'*'-
iph I. GYNANDRIA MONANDllA.

isaus Spike length ofleave* erect, Flower* globose, Sepals founded
73
<i Perianth, spreading, Lip opened out saccate crested
12W7 The only species. Flowers very small in little head* upon a branched scape
BuTbe conical truncate, Flowers close, Leaves lanceolate plaited about 3-ncrved twice as long as scape
'1SJ00 Lvs.
Leavessolitary
aboutlane
3 oblong
nerved
seated2-.on Perianth,
a bulb, Scape
sheathed
plaited,
Kaceme
veryabout
large 1-flowered
wavy spreading,
Lobes ofUp recurved crisp
g 1241 Spikes pendulous lax long as the narrow oval nerved leaves
Stem
Stem long
long I-leaved,
erect longer thanMowers
obi. emarjinate
racemose
1)
Ueaved, Scape
Leafovate-lanceolate,
clusteredleaf.
in theFis.bosom
of the1-sided
leaf
I2:*li Sepals
lanceolateunguiculate
longer thana little
lip, Scape
Sepals 55 obovate
shorter|>aniclcd
than lip. Scape panicled
i Pili* I'.-'a'
1 .""-I Sepals
SqwMi acute,
obov, wavy,
sep. : midd. lobe dilated
reniform
J-blfld,
Scaperaceui.
Bulbs 9-leaved
1 1V7
MiddleLip
lobelong,upright
of than
lip roundish
Scaperetusc
racemose,
Leaves
3-comered
iiI DfjiW
J'Jl I,v.
leavesfi.itobi
clliptlane.
acute.
Scape
branched,undivided,
SepalsLipwavy
spreading
equal. Lipin reniform
l-"*''.'
Sepals
5 oUivate undulate
blunt,
transverse
shorter
thannearly
seg. bearded
the middle
; fl-TliO
5mt
Lip 2-lobed
spotted
muchPanicle
longerthyreoid
than thelength
sepals,ofBulbsovate
comp,Lip3-lobed
leafy at basecrested,
and end.
Scapeofcol.
panicled
KUI Lvs.
ngid oval
oblique,
lvs. Sep. obov.
Wings
enI.
14)12 Im solitary oval dotted spread. Scapejointed 2-edged few-fl. Upper sepals lin. very long, Col. 2-horncd
Lip ventricose
narrow clawed
: lateral
divaricating
longer
the middle
>,:> jjBU
l-.M Lip
: lateral
lobeslobes
shorter
than middle
whichthanis crested
and which
callousis hollowed out
W*'
Byii lo!^ ?ulbe fuciclodi 1 lana atten. at base, Sepals lane, finely dotted, Midd lobe of lip acute, Crest obsolete
! Lvs.
i "*twin
ani1obi.leavee
317
lane,coriaceous
spreading,andFis.shining
terminal solitary, Inner sepals filiform, Lip fringed with two crests
Ii* 12918 Bulbs 1-leaved : leafy at base, Leaves oblong 3-ncrved, Spike erect shorter than leavee
pi*' 1$19 Leaves lanceolate keeled solitary on their bulb, Spike imbricated radical very little longer than the bulb
gjf Stems
Stemserect2-3-lcav.
end, Lvs.
oval obi.fleshy
shorter
thantimes
many-fl.
terminalraceme,
raceme,Sepals
Sepalslong
narrow
J~~
creep Lvs. ovalat blunt
depressed
several
shorterthan
linearoblong
acute
55 LUmI*"1"1"1- Lvs. bifarious lane. scum. Ped. opp. the leaves about 8-fl, Up undivided ov. cucul. at base
S
^niial
Lvs.'
TT'
Fe&
he
leaves"
abousTfl
lT^-a
lODg
i,nc"
cute
5
.
,
r*ndu1.
Lvs.
bifarious
broadly
lane.
Pedunc
about
2-fl.
Lip
undividtni.1.1
LavesK~L
lane, striated,
Kaeemes m. v - -il*" 5$
lSii Stem
4
erect, i-ls. remote alternate
1218
epiphj
,nL'h """'3 V'h
'be "k of tl
T60
12926 emulum R. Br.

12927 monilifrme W.
12928 rigidum R. Br.
aspiring
glassy
rigid
1901. CAMARPDIUM. Lindl.
pr
1
[A] pri
[A] cu
i
CAMAnidiuM.
12929 ochrolecum Lindl. pale-yellow
as DZ\lpr
...
... N. S. W.
... Pu
China
...
... N. Holl.
Orchideae. Sp. 1.
1 jl
W
Trinidad
CLAss XX.
1824. Dp.r.w
1824. D p.r.w Kaempf. t.86.5
1824. Dp.r.w
1823. C p.r.w Bot. reg. 844
Dendrbium album Hook.
1902 oRNITH1'DIUM satish oasrthidium.

12930 coccineum H. K.
scarlet-flowerede (Z\] or
1903. ISOCHILUS. R. Br. Isochilus.

12931 linearis R. Br.
linear
12932 prlifer R. Br.
proliferous
Orchideae.
ANJ pr. ; my.jl R
[Z\lpr
1904. PHOLIDOTA. Lindl. PholidotA.

12933 imbricta Lindl.
imbricated
*
1905. BROUGHTO"NIA. R. Br.
12934 sanguinea R.Br.
1:
...
.
[A]
Sp. 2-5.?
W. Indies 1791. D p.r.w Bot reg. 745

W. Indies 1793. C. p.r.w Bot reg. 8:5
Sp. 1-2.
Br:w Nepal
1824. D pr:w Hook. ex fl. 138
Sc
Jamaica 1798. Dprw Bot cab. 793
Orchideae. Sp. 3-4.
TZN el
1 jLau
1 jl.au
Vi
Vi
S. Amer. 1818. D pr:w Lindl. coll 33

S. Amer. 1816. D p.r.w Bot. cab. 337
[Z\] or
#jLau
S. Amer. 1823. Dp.r.w
E [Z\] cu
brown
W.
Orchideae. Sp. 1.
blood-colored & Z\l spl 13 jnji
t1907. EPIDENDRUM. L. EPIDENDRUM.

12938 cochletum W.
dark-purple
[Z\] cu
12939 frgrans W.
sweet-scented
[A] ft
12940 secundum W.
side-flowering a [Z\] or
''
...
Orchideae.
[A] or
Broughtonia.
t1906. CATT/LEY.A. Lindl. CATTLEYA.

12935 labita Lindl.
dark-lipped
12936 Loddigsii_Lindl. pale-lipped
12937 Forbesii Lindl.
yellow
12941
Orchideae. Sp. 1.
2 jad
R
W. Indies 1790 C pr:w Bot. mag. 1437

1 fa
Br.P. W. Indies 1786. D sip Bot mag. 572
#o
Y.G Jamaica 1778. D. s.p Bot mag. 1669
2 jn.jl
R
W. Indies 1793. C. p.r.w.Jac. amer. t. 157
#jnjl
Br
W. Indies 1790. D p.r.w Bot reg. 67
4. anceps Jacq.
12942 elongtum W.
12943 umbelltum W.
12944 ntans W.
12945 conpseum H. K.
2946 cilire W.
12947 cuspidatum
Lodd
12948 diffusum W.
long-stalked
cu
umbelled
nodding
Florida
fringed
pointed
diffuse
night
12950 monophyllum Hook, one-leaved
12951 polybul'bon Sw.
many-bulbed
12949 noct0rnum W.
1908, POLYSTACHYA, Hooker,
[Z\] or
2 my.au R
i jn.jl
or 1 jn.jl
[A] pr. 3 au
[A] or 1 mrau
[A] or 1 'n
[A] prli o
CZW or 1 o
[A] cu id
[Z\l cu + d
Polystachya.
12952 luteola Hook.
smooth
[Z\lcu
1.jlau
12953 pubrula Lindl,
downy
[A] cu
G.
W. Indies 1798. C. p.r.w Bot. mag. 611
Jamaica 1793. D. p.r.w Bot reg.80
Jamaica 1793.
Florida 1775.
W
W. Indies 1790.
W.Y. W. Indies 1808.
G
Jamaica 1816.
G
Jamaica 1816.
G
Jamaica 1823.
Y
D p.r.w Bot reg. 17

Dp.r.w
D p.r.w Bot reg. TS4
D p.r.w Bot reg. 783
D p.r.w Bot. cab. 846
Dpr:w Bot. cab. 713
D p.r.w Hook. ex fl. 109
Jamaica 1822. D p.r.w Hook. ex fl. 112
Sp. 2-5.
Ya W. Indies 1818. Dpr:w Lindl. coll

Y.G. S. Leone 1822. Dprw Bot. reg. 851
1909. CRYPTARRHENA. R.Br. CRYPTARRHENA. Orchideae. Sp. 1.

12954 lunta R.Br.
crescent-lipped e DZ\l de
*my.au Y
W. Indies 1815. Dprw Bot reg. 153

12030
'',
-
12927
Ristory, Use, Propagation, Culture,
# shoots almost in the same manner as the Miseltoe in England. The flowers are generally very
beautiful, and frequently highly fragrant: they vary from a deep yellow to nearly white, All the species in
the gardens are cultivated without the least difficulty by being planted in any light vegetable earth. Sometimes
they are put in baskets among damp moss, but they do not succeed so well under that treatment as when
down their
planted in earth.
1901. Camaridium. Named by Mr. Lindley, from zawasa, an arched roof. The stigma of this genus has
the upper lip vaulted in a remarkable degree. An inelegant leafy caulescent bulbous epiphyte, with solitary
white flowers.
1902. Ornithidium. From *i, a bird, in allusion to the resemblance which exists between the cuspidate
upper lip of the stigma, and a bird's beak. The habit of this plant is like that of the last, but the flowers
are red. They are both cultivated without difficulty in a stove, by being planted among rotten wood,
or tan.
Mr. Salisbury says, Ornithidium coccineum is a parasite on old trees, near torrents, in the island of Martinico;
its fibrous roots insinuating themselves into the crevices of their moist bark. Here it thrives exceedingly, in
filled with the same, flowering at various seasons, but chiefly in October and November. During summer
it should be placed in a shady part of the stove, and often sprinkled with water, but it requires little or none
in winter, especially when plunged.
1908. Isochilus. From gas, equal, and xuxee, a lip, because the lip and the other divisions of the flower are
of nearly equal breadth. The species grow in baskets of moss and old tan, or planted in pots of sandy soil,
*: chips of wood, and other dry rubbish. They are increased by divisions at the root.
u:.: A singular bulbous epiphyte, native of Nepal, remarkable for the close manner in which
* covered over by the imbricated scale-like bractea, from which circumstance (toxic, a scale), we
--
-- - -
ORDER 1.
GYN ANDRIA MONANDR1A.
761
12926 Stems erect 2.3-leaved at end, Leaves oval obl. entire shorter than terminal many-fl. raceme
12927 Stem round jointed striated moniliform naked quite simple, Leaves oblong lanceolate
12928 Stems creeping, Leaves obl.lanceolate acute fleshy the length of the few-flowered spreading raceme
12930 Flowers small and appearing in the axillae of the long leaves, Stems branched bulb-bearing
12931 Spike terminal, Leaves distichous linear blunt emarginate, Stem simple
12932 Flowers axillary, Leaves distichous lanceolate oblong, Stem proliferous, Bulbs axillary 2-leaved
12933 Lvs. solitary on a truncated conical naked bulb.: lanceolate plaited, Raceme pendulous densely imbricated
12934 Leaves twin oblong seated on a bulb, Scape divided
12935 Outer sepals linear lanceolate acute 3 times as narrow as inner, Lip undivided
12936 Sepals nearly equal obtuse, Lip 3-lobed with the middle lobe saddle-shaped
12937 Sepals lanceolate: inner narrower wavy obtuse, Middle lobe of lip cordate lunate
12938 Leaves twin oblong seated on a bulb, Scape long, Lip cordate blunt
12939 Leaf lanceolate seated on a bulb, Scape short many-flowered, Lip cordate acuminate
12940 Stem simple, Leaves oblong emarginate, Peduncle terminal very long, Spike lax 1-sided
12941 Stem simple, Leaves obl. or acuminate, Peduncle terminal long, Spike globose, Col. shorter than sepals
12942 Stem simple,
12243 Stem simple,
12944 Stem simple,
12945 Stem simple,
Leaves oblong, Peduncle terminal long, Spike lax, Liptoothed ciliated

Leaves obl. somewhat emarginate, Flowers clustered in the bosom of a terminal leaf
Leaves ov. lanc amplexicaul. Flowers spiked nodding, Lip 3-lobed: middle lobe 3-toothed
Fls. spiked erect, Lip 3-lobed: middle lobe retuse, Inner sepals narrower, Leaves lanceol.
12946 Stem simple, Lvs. twin oblong veinless, Lip 3-parted: middle seg. subulate longest; lateral fringed
12947 Stem simple, Leaves 3, Spike remote few-fl. Lip 3-parted: middle segm. linear; lateral cut fringed
12948 Stem simple 2-edged, Leves oblong. Panicle terminal much branched, Lip cordate acuminate
12949 Stem simple, Leaves obl veinless, #o: terminal, Lip 3-parted entire: intermediate segm, linear long
1950 Stem 1-leafed, Leaf ellipt lanc. obt. Raceme few-fl. from the bosom of the leaf, Two inner sepals small
12951 Stem creeping bulbiferous, Bulbs 2-leaved 1-flowered, Lip cordate
12952 Spike compound: spikelets alternate erect, Flowers smooth
12853 Spike panic thyrsiform, Leaves lanc. 7-nerved longer than scape, Fls. and ovaries downy, Bulbs ovate
12954 Leaves tufted lanceolate nerved shorter than erect spike
12938
Presume, Mr. Lindley has constructed the name. No explanation, however, of his names is ever given by this
author, who seems to attach too little importance to the etymology of botany.
1905. Broughtonia. Named by Brown, in the Hortus Kewensis, without explanation. A handsome plant
with fine scarlet flowers. It is very rare, and cultivated with little success.
1906. Cattleya. Named by Mr.
after William Cattley, Esq. a munificent encourager of botany, and
his early friend. A superb genus of bulbous epiphytes, with fleshy growing in pairs, and large violet or
yellow flowers.
''
1907. Epidendrum. From tri, upon, and 3s,33ev. All the species are found naturally growing upon
trees, not however, as De Theis tells us, sucking their sap, by insinuating their little roots beneath the
bark, but vegetating in the soil which collects upon the forks of the branches. Many of the species have
*ingular flowers, but none of those in the gardens are remarkable for their beauty. They are generally
ultivated with less difficulty than most other epiphytes. Salisbury tells us, Epidendrum ciliare should be planted
* Pots, filled with porous stones, a few decayed leaves, and knobs of bark taken fresh from the woods: but
it requires very little water; and if the leaves turn yellow, it is a sign that they have either too much wet, or
$oo much sun. With such treatment by keeping four or five pots of it, the stove will be enlivened with their
*g, tubular flowers, slowly succeeding one another, at most periods of the year. It is easily propagated by
dividing its stems.
1908. Polystachya. From rexus, many, and 5-axws, a spike, on account of the compound nature of the
inflorescence. Inconspicuous plants, requiring the treatment applied to similar kinds.
1909.
Cryptarrhena.
A pretty
littie stemless
epiphyte
neathooded
yellow flowers. It
was na
by Mr. Brown,
from **urror,
concealed,
and awith, distichous
a male, on leaves,
accountand
of the
apex of the
*lumn which covers up the anther. The plant is b: now lost to the gardens.
762
GYN ANDRIA MONANDRIA.
CI Ass XX.
1910. ORN1THOCE/PHALUS. Hook. ORNrthocephalus. 'Orchideae. Sp. 1.

12935 gladitus Hook.
sword-leaved is [Z\] cu
+ ...
G
Trinidad 1823 D p.r.w Hook. ex fl. 127
BLETIA.
Orchideae. Sp. 6-8.
12956 Tankervilliae H. K. Tankerville's : [A] spl 2 mr.ap W. Br China
1778. R. p.1 Bot. mag. 1924
12957 verectinda H. K.
tall
* [Z\] el 3 ja.my Pu
W. Indies 1733. Rp.1 Bot. mag. 930
t1911. BLETIA. F. per
Limodorum altum B. M.
12958 flrida H. K.
*
:
*
*
12959 hyacinthina H. K. hyacinthine

12960 capitta R. Br.
headed
1296.1 pllida Lodd.
pallid
1912. ERIA. Lindl.
12962 stellta Lindl.
ERIA.
stellate
[Z\] el
[A] el
[A] el
Z\l el
[Z\] el
[Z\] el
12963 pubscens Lindl.

downy
endrbium pubscens Hooker.
2
1
...
2
jl.au
Pu
W. Indies 1786.
mr.jn Pu
China
1802.
jn.jl
... W. Indies 1795.
f
Pk
W. Indies 1820.
Orchideae. Sp. 2-4.
2 f
Br.Y E. Indies? ...
13 mr
Y
E. Indies 1820.
Orchideae. Sp. 1.
W. Indies 1793.
Orchideae. Sp. 1-2.
* jn.s
W
W. Indies 1793.
1915. SARCANTHUS Lindl. SARCANThus.
Orchideae. Sp. 3-5.
12966 panicultus Lindl. panicled
* [A] el
my.au Y
China
...
12967 teretifolius Lindl. slender-leaved f: [Z\] cu 13 n
Y. Pu China
1819.
12968 rostrtus Lindl.
rostrate
a [A] pr1 n
Y.R. China
1819.
1916 WAN'iDA. R. Br.
VANDA.
Orchideae. Sp. 36.
19959 multiflra Lindl, many-flowered [A] el 2 jn
Y
China
1800.
12970 Roxbarghi R. Br. Roxburgh's
E A el 1} n
W.pu China
1810.
12971 trichorhiza Hooker hairy-rooted E [Z\] pri au
Pu.G. E. Indies 1822.
1917. AÊRIDES. Sul.
AiR-PLANT.
12972 odortum H. K.
fragrant
[Z\] ft
1: ...
Pk
China
1800.
12973 archnites Sw.
spider
[Z\] or 1
...
Br.P Japan
1793.
1918. RENANTHE/RA. Lour. RENANTheRA.
Orchideae. Sp. 1.
12974 coccinea Lour.
scarlet
A U.N. spl 5
...
Sc
China
1816.
1913. OCTOMERIA. R. Br.
R.
R
R
R
p.1 Redout lil. 83

p. Bot mag. 1492
p.1
p.l Bot, cab. 629
D p.r.w Bot reg. 904

D p.r.w Hook, ex. fl. 124
Octovieri.A.
12964 graminifolia R. Br. Grass-leaved
Z\] cu
3.jn.jl
1914. BRASAVOLA. R. Br. BRAsAvola.

12965 cucullta R.Br.
single-flowered a [ZY! el
D p.r.w Plum.ic. 176 f1

D p.r.w Bot. mag. 543
C. p.r.w Bot. reg. 220
C. p.r.w Lindl. coll. 6
C. p.r.w Lindl. coll. 39
C p.r.w Lindl. coll 38
C p.r.w Bot reg. 506
C. p.r.w Hook ex. fl. 72
C p.r.w
C. p.r.w Kaempft.869.f.1
C p.r.w
Orchideae. Sp. 13.

12975 utricularioides Lindl, small-flowered [Z\] pri on
W.pu W. Indies 1822. D p.r.w Hook, ex. fl. 113
Jntha pallidiflora Hooker.
1920. EULO"PHIA. R. Br. Eulophia.
Orchideae. Sp. 2-7.
19976 grcilis Lindl.
slender
* [A] pr2 myn G
S. Leone 1822. R p.1 Bot reg. 742
1919. IONOPSIS. Kunth.
12977 guinensis R. Br.
12962 f: \-
Ioxopsis.
shovel-flower'd : [Z\jel
f .
12056/////
7/
1 myn
Pk
S. Leone 1822. R p.
Bot reg. 686
1255%-->4&#G#.
1910. Ornithocephalus. A very curious little plant, only an inch or two in height, found in Trinidad growing
upon rotten sticks in the woods. It bears two or three green flowers, which contain a column, the upper
extremity of which is lengthened out into a fine subulate process, resembling a snipe's bill in miniature,
whence the name, from of 1918, a bird, and x*axx, a head. No successful method of cultivating this plant
has yet been discovered
1911. Bletia. Dedicated to Luis Blet, a Spanish apothecary, who has always, as we are informed by the
'': the Flora Peruviana, distinguished himself in his botanical studies.

the earth.
Very noble plants, growing in
Bletia Tankervilliae is a common but beautiful species. The first plant which flowered in this country,
was cultivated at Apperly Bridge, near Bradford, in Yorkshire, in May 1776, and had been sent
there
to Mrs. Hird, by her uncle, Dr. Fothergill, in a black Chinese pot full of stiff loam, in which it had been mn
ported. Many small bulbs, with leaves like those of a snow drop, grew near the edge of the same pot in a re
gular circle, and these afterwards proved to be Amaryllis Aurea. The Bletia Tankervillia delights in warmth,
': and plenty of water, by which treatment, and attention to fecundate the stigma, it will ripen fruit
abundantly.
1912. Eria. From tele, wool, on account of the woolliness of the flower of all the known species. Curious
epiphytous, plants, with bulbous roots, and flowers usually of a yellowish color. They differ from Dendrobium
chiefly in the number of their pollen-masses, and in habit. E. stellata is a fine free-growing plant, with long
broad fleshy leaves, and spikes of beautiful brown-yellow flowers nearly a foot and half in length.
1913. Octomeria. So called by Mr. Brown, with reference to the eight parts, exts, and uses, into which
the pollen is divided. A singular little plant, with filiform leaves and small nearly solitary flowers. The
'" between this genus and the ' remain to be determined. The two seem to be separated by
P'
avola. Named after Antonio Musa Brasavola, an Italian botanist, born at Ferrara in 1500
ants with long subulate fleshy leaves, and large white flowers. They are cultivated without difficulty in
"' *nd, if good decomposed wood is not to be procured.
always
:
A curious
plantsornot
remarkable
for their
beauty. shades
Theirofhabit
is various,
but
ay
*; their
flowersgenus
eitherofyellow
yellowish,
marked
with various
purple.
The name
C.
ORDER I.
763
12955 Leaves distichous obtuse compressed

12956 Lip spurred undivided. spur short, Leaves radical ovate lanceolate
12957 Lip not spurred: ribs of the disk branched; middle lobe broader than long, lateral narrower upwards
12958
12959
2960
12961
Lip not spurred: ribs of the disk simple; middle lobe somewhat cuneiform, lateral broader at end
Lip not spurred beardless, Pollen-masses 4, 2-lobed, Stem leafy, Flowers racemose
Lip not spurred with a callus in the inside near the base, Stem leafy, Flowers capitate
Leaves linear-lanceolate plaited, Sepals connivent, Scape higher than leaves
12962 Lvs. lanc. fleshy 5-nerved, Sep. ov. lanc. acum : midd. lobe of lip acum. Ovary and outer sep. ferruginous
12963 Bulbobl.-ov. Lvs. distich. lanc. smooth, Fls, loosely spik. Lip obl. 3-lobed, Three exterior sep. unit. at base
12964 Stem long 1-leaved, Leaf lanceolate, Peduncles twin 1-flowered, Root creeping
12965 Stem 1-flowered, Lip ciliated
12956 Stem panicled, Spur straight hanging down scarcely so long as ovary, Leaves bifid and unequal at end
12967 Leaves subulate, Lip spurred 2-celled, Raceme shorter than leaves
12968 Leaves lanc. flat somewhat recurved, Spike simple horizontal, Lip and anther rostrate
12969 Caulescent, Leaves remotely distichous broad linear channelled obtuse, Spikes opp. the leaves
12970 Sepals oblong obovate wavy, Leaves obliquely 3-toothed at end
12971 Lip without a spur, Sepals linear-lanceolate nearly equal, Leaves cylindrical
12972 Spur ascending conical subulate, Middle lobe of lip shorter than lateral ones, Leaves blunt
12973 Stem branched rooting, Leaves lanceolate, Sepals revolute dilated at the end, Lip bifid in front
12975 Leaves lanceolate lined flat, Scape panicled, Sepals shorter than the lip
12976 Scape very slender 3 times as long as the lanceol. 3-nerved leaves, Spur clavate, Midd, lobe of lip obsolete
12977 Leaves lanceolate nerved, Spur ascending, Lip membranous complete
has been given by Mr. Lindley, from ***, flesh, and 2,34, a flower, in allusion to the texture of the sepals
and labellum.
1916. Wanda. The Hindoo name of the # species, Noble caulescent plants adhering to old decayed
arms of trees or fallen wood, by means of their tendril-like fleshy tortuous roots. The flowers of all the
ies are large and shewy. Their treatment is the same as the next.
1917. Aerides. Derived from aer, the air; in allusion to the peculiar property the species possess of existing
many months suspended in that element. This genus and the two last are those to which the name of Air-plant
is most properly applied, very few others being capable of enduring for any considerable period such a removal
from their natural places of growth. The true species of this genus are beyond all comparison the most
delightful productions of the vegetable world.
Their flowers are arrayed in long spikes or racemes of delicate
colors and delicious fragrance. Hung up in a room in their native country, a little before flowering, they con
tinue to unfold their blossoms in gradual succession for many weeks.
In this country they are rarely seen in
flower. The only genuine species, the A. odoratum, should be planted in rotten wood with a little peat, or a
few decayed leaves, or any light black vegetable mould, and kept in the hottest and dampest place of the stove.
If put in baskets among moss and kept very damp, the plants will succeed for a short time, but they soon
languish, and put on a yellow appearance, the certain indication of unhealthiness.
#18. Renanther. A name "contrived by Loureiro, to express the kidney-form or reniform shape of the
pollen-masses. This plant is not uncommon in good collections, where it has sometimes acquired the
of
six or eight feet; but it has never yet produced its flowers. These appear, in the native country of the plan
in large loose panicles, and are individually of considerable size and of a rich crimson color, a little mottl
with yellow.
1919. Ionopsis. So called by Mr. Kunth, from low, a violet, and *, resemblance. I. utricularioides is a
pretty little epiphyte, with purplish falcate leaves. It succeeds ill under any management which has hitherto
been applied to it.
1920. Eulophia. From tuxeter, well crested, with reference to the surface of the middle lobe of the lip. The
two species in the gardens are terrestrial tender stove plants, with bulbous roots, plaited leaves, and flowers, in
E exaltata, green and inconspicuous, in E guineensis, whitish pink, and very handsome. They should be
treated like Cymbidium.
764
Class XX.
t*1921. ANGRAECUM. Pet. Th. ANGRacUM.

12978 macultum Lindl. spotted
* [Z\] pr1 on
Pk
Africa
1819.
12979 falctum Lindl.
falcate
a [A] pr. 1, n.d
W
China
1815.
12980 lridum Lindl.
lurid
a [A] prl"
Br
S. Leone 1822.
1922. AERANTHES. Lindl. Aeranthes.
Orchideae. Sp. 2-3.
12981 grandiflra Lindl., large-flowered e ZN or *
G.Y Madagasc.1823.
12982 sesquipedalis Lindl.long-horned
a [ZN spl 1
W
Madagasc.1823.
1923. CALANTHE. R. Br. CALANthe.
Orchideae. Sp. 1-7.
12983 veratriflia R.Br. plaited-leaved 6 ZX] or

1924. STE/LIS. Sw.
Stelis.
12984 ophioglossoides W. Adder's-tong-lv. e. [A] cu

1298.5 micrntha W.
small-flowered a [A] cu
1925. MALAX'IS. L.
MALAxis.
19986 paludsa W.
marsh
3. A de
1926. PRESCO'TIA. Lindl.
Paescotia.
12987 plantaginea Lin't plantain-leaved c [Z\] cu

1927. MICRO'STYLIS Nutt. Micnostyu is.
12988 ophioglossoides N.Snake's-tongue-lv. Y. A de
1928. LI'PARIS. Rich.
Lipa als.
12989 liliiflia Rich.
Lily-leaved
12990 Loeselii Rich.
Loesel's
12991 bituberculta Lindl.long-leaved

12992 folisa Lindl.
leafy
12993 reflxa Lindl.
reflexed
1929. CALYPSO. Salisb. Calypso.

12994 borealis Salisb.
northern
1930. WANILLA Stu.
12995 aromatica H. K.
VANilla.
aromatic
12996 planiflia H. K.
fragrant
2 jn.jl
W.
Orchideae.
D p.r.w Bot. cab. 442

D p.r.w Hook. ex fl. 158
R. p.s. Eng. bot. 72
*
R p.1 Hook ex. fl. 115
Sp. 1-2.
* jl
Yo N. Amer. 1824.
Orchideae. Sp. 5-9.
A pra jn.jl
G. Pu N. Amer. 1758.
A cu
jjl
Y
England sa..ma.
y: [A] cu + jl
G
Nepal
1822.
re: [A] cu
lau
G
Isl. France 1823.
le: [A] cu 1 au
G
N. Holl 1824.
St. A pri my.jn Y. R.
Dp.r.w Bot reg. 817

Dp.r.w P.Th.or.afr.t.66
E. Indies 1819. R pl Bot reg. 720

my.jn G
W. Indies 1791.
i n.d
G
Jamaica 1805.
Orchideae. Sp. 1-3.
jl
Y.G England turbo.
Orchideae. Sp. 1-2.
14
G
Brazil
1822.
Orchideae.
D p.r.w Lindl. coll. 15

Dp.r.w Bot. mag. 2097
D p.r.w
R p.s. Plu.am. t.434.f4

R. p.s. Bot mag. 2004
R p.s Eng.bot. 47
Dp r.w Hook. ex: fl. 116
D p.r.w Bot. reg. 882
D p.r.w
Sp. 1-2.
N. Amer. 1805. R s.p Hook. ex fl. 12
Orchideae. Sp. 2-3.

g Dec 10 jn.au W. S. Amer. 1739. C. p.1 Plu ic.183, t. 18.8
a. [T] or 10 apjn W.
W. Indies 1800. C p.1 Bot. cab. 733

1921. Angraecum. A latinized form of the Malay appellation angrec, which is bestowed upon all epiphytous
plants. This is a pretty genus, remarkable for the distinct spur to the lip. A. maculatum has handsome flat
fleshy spotted leaves, and varies with flowers of a delicate pink and of a pale green color. A. luridum is an
exceedingly rare species, with plaited leaves and conical bulbs covered with the vestiges of former leaves. A.
falcatum is a little Japanese plant, whose flower has a spur nearly as long as the plant itself. It is easily grown
among loose moss in a warm damp place, but there should always be some bits of rotten wood mixed among
the moss for the tender roots to adhere to.
1922. Aeranthes. A word with the same meaning as Aerides. Fine Madagascar plants. A. sesquipedalis,
which has not yet blossomed, bears in its own country very large white flowers, with a spur a foot and half in
length. The species are not caulescent as in Aerides, and the flowers appear singly, or two or three together,
not in long racemes.
1923. Calanthe. From xaxor, beautiful, and as Sor, a flower. The genus consists of robust terrestrial, not
epiphytous, plants, with long plaited leaves, and fine white flowers, remarkable for the curious conformation
of the labellum. They are easily cultivated as Cymbidium.
1924. Stelis. This was the Greek name of some parasitical plant found growing upon trees. The modern
genus consists of little inconspicuous West Indian plants, with solitary leaves, and minute green flowers dis
posed in long filiform axillary spikes. They are not very easily managed; the best mode of cultivation is to
plant them in very rotten wood with a little moss about them, and to keep them in a hot damp stove.
1925. Malaris. From waxaar, softness, in allusion to the delicate texture of the genuine species. They are
natives of moist places in marshes, and are scarcely capable of successful cultivation.
1926. Prescotia. So called by Lindley in compliment to his friend John Prescot, Esq., an English gentleman
resident at St. Petersburgh, and highly distinguished for his botanical acquirements. A curious little plant,
with long spikes of green flowers. It is easily cultivated in peat and sand.
1927. Microstylis. From uzes, little, and wrvaes, a column, on account of the minuteness of the columna.
Little
plants, resembling
Malaxisfrom
in habit
and manner
of growth.
1928.bog
Liparis
Probably derived
Aurator,
unctuous,
in allusion to the surface of the leaves of the
original species, L. Loeselii. This genus consists of plants varying somewhat in habit, but agreeing in having
pale green or greenish '' flowers, in terminal spikes or racemes. Part of the species are terrestrial,
"#": the treatment of Malaxis; the remainder are epiphytes.
929. Calypso. A poetical name, from x*xvrral, to conceal; not merely alluding to the covering of the
stigma, but preserving an analogy between this botanical beauty, so difficult of access, and the secluded goddess,
whose isle was fabled to be protected miraculously from the observation of navigators.
1930. Manilla. An alteration of vaynilla, which is a diminutive of vaina, a Spanish word, signifying a
sheath. The fruit is a long cylindrical pod, very like the sheath of a knife. Vanilla aromatica produces the
fruit of that name, which is used in England to flavor chocolate, and in Spanish America for that purpose, for
perfuming snuffs, and as a medicine. The Spaniards have three different sorts, which they distinguish in com
-
- *
-----
--
GYNANDRIA MONANDR1A.
Okpea I.
765
12978 Leaves lanceolate spotted flat entire

12979 Leaves somewhat radical ensiform channelled falcate, Scapes few-fl. Spur filiform very long
12980 Stem compr. sheathing panicled, Branches quite simple spreading, Lip3-lobed, Spur inflex. blunt emarg.
12981 Leaves 2-lobed and very unequal at end shorter than the weak radical sheathed scape, Spur emarginate
12982 Spur very long filiform, Spikes sheathed axillary
12983 Leaves lanc. plaited nerved, Spike dense many-flowered, Bractes small lanceolate
12984 Stem 1-leaved, Leaves oblong lanceolate the same length as raceme, Flowers 3-cornered
1208, Stem long 1-leaved, Leaf broad-lanceolate shorter than raceme, Flowers 6-cornered
12986 Lvs. about 4 at the base of the stem scabrous at the extremity, Scape pentagonal, Lip concave acute
12087 Leaves oblong caesious flat nerved, Flowers in a long dense spike
12988 Scape 1-leaved, Leaf amplexicaul. Lip truncate emarginate
12989 Lvs. twin ovate-lanc.

3-cornered, Inner sepals reflexed discolored, Lip concave obov. acute at end
12990 Leaves twin ovate-lanceolate, Scape 3-cornered, Lip ovate at end recurved
12991 Somewhat bulbous, Leaves 4-ovate plaited striated wavy, Lip reflexed with two tubercles at base
12992 Radical leaves unequal lanceolate entire acute fleshy about the same length as raceme, Lip oblong retuse
12993 Leaves lanceolate ensiform keeled, Raceme many-flowered, Lip 3-toothed at end
12994 Lip narr, at base somew, clawed, Spur !-bifid long. than lip with acute teeth, Pedunc. longer than ovary
12905 Leaves ovate oblong nerved, Sepals wavy, Lip acute, Caps, cylindrical very long
12996 Leaves oblong lanceolate flat obsoletely striated. Lip retuse
and Miscelianeous Particulars.
merce, viz.; the pompona, the ley, and the simarona. When the fruit begins to turn yellow, it is gathered and
fermented in small heaps, in the same manner as is practised with the cocoa or chocolate pods (Theobroma);
it is then spread in the sun to dry, and when about half dried, pressed flat with the hand and rubbed over with
the oil of Palma Christi, or of the cocoa; it is then exposed to the sun to dry, the oiling repeated, and the
pods covered with the leaves of the Indian reed to preserve them. . The fruits which are brought to Euro
are of a dark brown color, about six inches long, and scarce an inch broad; they are wrinkled on the outside,
and full of a vast number of black seeds, like grains of sand, of a pleasant smell, resembling Balsam of Peru.
The species of this genus, like many other Epidendreae, are falsely called parasitical; but are no more so than
our Polypodium vulgare, which is often found growing on the trunks of old trees. especially pollards, rooted
in the decaying bark. The Vanillae shoot out roots at every joint like the Ivy, and may be either grown on a
piece of a rotten trunk of a tree, or planted in a pot of rotten tan mixed with rubbish, and the stem trained
against any surface which it can root into. Like all the tribe, these plants require very little water.
Mr. Salisbury has the following observations upon Vanilla planifolia. It was discovered by Father Plumier,
in the island of St. Domingo, where it grows wild, climbing to the tops of the highest trees; and is easily
preserved in our stoves, throwing out one or more roots at every leaf; but as it seldom flowers here, I would
recommend the following treatment:-plant it at one end of a low bark stove, the temperature of which must
be kept constantly hot and damp, never below sixty degrees of Fahrenheit in the night, during winter. Let
the earth be fat loam, taken about an inch deep from the surface, in some old wood: mix this with a few
decayed leaves and small pieces of rotten sticks, either in a tub bored full of holes, and sunk at the back corner
of the bark pit; or pale off a space of two square feet for it, draining the bottom a foot in depth very effec
tually with hollow tiles and porous stones. Select a healthy young plant to place in this earth, and as soon as
it pushes vigorously, divide the stem, by pinching off its top, into three or four principal branches, which train
''' bark pit, at two inches and a distance from each other, on
stout rods of a rough-barked elm nailed firinly across; the roots which issue from the bottom of the stem
or branches, must be suffered to penetrate into the earth, where they will swell and nourish the plants; but if
those beyond attempt to strike downwards, wind them gently along the elm rods, to which they will soon cling
by small fibres, like those of Ivy. When the principal branches extended to fifteen or twenty feet in
length, divide them again by pinching their tops, as you find it necessary, into about a dozen branches in all,
which must be left to flower, guiding them first horizontally, and afterwards in every possible direction, upon
backwards and forwards over that end
smaller rods of rough-barked elm, stuck into the bark pit at various angles. From the twentieth of March to
the twentieth of September, shade that end of the stove by the light foliage of a Passiflora, trained all over
the top, but pruned so thin as to admit the rays of the sun to play on the bed underneath: I prefer this
method to a mat, for many reasons. Let the earth be always damp by gentle sprinklings of water, but never
very wet, except in the great heats of summer, when I should be inclined to give the plant two or three
drenching showers all over from a fine-nosed watering-pot, shutting up the house at night full of steam.
- -
- -
- -
--
"
766
Class XX.
GYN ANDRIA DIANDRIA.
DIAND.R.I.A.
1931. CYPRIPE/DIUM. W.
13001 humile W.
Ladies-Slipper.
Conrnon
A or
small-flowered
A or
yellow downy
a or
white-petalled
A or
two-leaved
St A or
13002 arietinum H. K.
Ram's-head
St A or
13003 ven(istum Wall.
handsome
noble
y: [A] el
y: [A] el
12997 Calceolus Jy.
12998 parviflrum W.
12999 pubscens W.
13000 spectbile W.
13004 insigne Wall.
1932. STYLIDIUM. R. Br.
StylidiuM.
13005 graminifolium R.Br. Grass-leaved

13006 fruticsum R. Br. shrubby
13007 scndens R. Br.
climbing
13008 tenuifolium R. Br. fine-leaved
y: La or
ri-L or
y: UAI or
y: A or

1 my.jl Y
England woods. R s-p Eng. bot. 1
1 my.jn Y
N. Amer. 1759. R s p Bot. mag. 911
1 myjn Y
N. Amer. 1790. R s.p Bot. cab. 895
14 jnjl
W.
N. Amer. 1731. R s p Bot. mag. 216
a myjn R.w N. Amer.

my
W. N. Amer.
jl.au
G. Pu Nepal
jl.au G. Pu Nepal
Stylideae. Sp. 5-45.
1 ap.au Pk
N. S. W.
11 myo Pk
N. Holl.
2 jLau
Pk
N. Holl.
1 jLau
Pk
N. Holl.
1786.
1808.
1816.
1819.
R
R
D
D
s-p
s.p
s-p
sp
Bot. mag. 192

Bot mag. 1569
Bot reg. 788
Lindl. coll.32
1803.
1803.
1803.
1818.
S
S
S
S
s-p Bot reg.90

s-p Par. lond. 77
sp
s-p Bot mag. 2249
taricifolium Rich.
IOI or
13009 adntum R. Br.

adnate
1933. GUNNERA. W.
GUNNERA.
13010 perpnsa W.
jLau
Pk
Urticeae.
Marsh-marygold-lv.x: LA un 2 jl.au
N. Holl. 1824. S sp Bot reg. 914
Sp. 1-2.
C. G. H. 1688. R. p.1
Bot mag. 2376
H.E.X.A.N.D.R.I.A.
t1934. ARISTOLO'CHIA. W. Bintawort.

13011 trilobta W.
13012 mxima W.
13013 Sipho W.
13014 tomentsa B.M.
13015 odoratissima W
13016 barbta Jy.
13017 indica W.
13018 boe/tica JV.
13019 glauca W.
13021 lnga W.
13022 Serpentria W.
1302.3 bracteta Jy".
13024 Pistolchia JV.
13025 rotunda Jy.
13026 pllida W.
13027 hirta Jy.
13028 Clematitis Jy.
13029 arbores'cens W.
13030 labisa B. Reg.
13031 acuminta W.
Aristolochiae.
a D or 6 jn.jl
Pu
D or 20 jl
Pu
road-leaved
or 30 jn.jl
Y.Br.
downy-leaved
or 20 jn.jl
Pu
sweet-scented ID or 10 jl
Pu
bearded
RI[ZJ or 10
...
Pu
three-lobed
eatest
Sp. 21-69.
S. Amer. 1775.
New Spain1759.
N. Amer 1763.
N. Amer. 1799.
Jamaica 1737.
Caraccas 1796.
C.
C
L.
L.
C
R
p.l
lip Jac. amer. t. 146
sp. Bot mag. 534.
s.p Bot. mag. 1369
plSlo.ja.1.t.104 f1
s.l. Jac. ic. 3. t. 608
Indian
ID or 10 jn.jl
Pu
E. Indies 1780. C. s.1 Rheemal.8, t:25
glaucous-leav.
evergreen
_R A or
L-J or
U or
6 myjn Pu
6 jl
Pu
4 myjn Pu
Spain
1596. R. l.p Mor. s.12t17.f6
Barbary 1785. C. p.1 Bot mag. 1115
Candia
1727. C p.1 Bot mag. 1116
long-rooted
: A or
13 jno
S. Europe 1548. R co Mill.ic t.31.f3
* A or 1 jn.jl
* AJ or 3 jl
-x A or 2 jn.jl
round-rooted x L.A. or 2 mr.o
Sy A or 2 my...au
airy
y: La or 2 my.jn
Common
* A or 2 myau
tree
* U or 20 jnji
speckled
* D or 20 jl.au
long-pointed *- C or 10
Snake-root
bracteated
small
owere
Pu
D. Pu N. Amer. 1632. R sp Jac.schoe.3.t-385

Pu
E. Indies 1793.
R. s.
Pu
S. Europe 1597. R.
D. Pu S. Europe 1596. R
W.pu Italy
1640. R.
Pu
Chio
1759. R.
Y
England woods. R
Y. Pu America 1737. C
Gr
razil
1821. C
Pu
auritius 1822.
s.1
co
s.l. Mor. s.12.t.18.f3
s.l Tourn.it.1. t. 147
co Eng bot. 398
1.p
lp Bot reg. 689
1931. Cypripedium. From Kureiz, Venus, and r2312, a slipper, in allusion to the elegant slipper-like form of
the labellum. Handsome plants which will only thrive in a shady border in peat soil. The American species
shouldincreased,
be coveredbutwith
dry straw
in very
severe
frosts, orsituations,
if there should
be tooifmuch
theytoare."
easily
willsome
sometimes
perfect
seeds
in favorable
particularly
painswet;
be taken
apply
thc pollen to the stigma. (Bot. Cult. 358.)
1932. Stylidium. From cruxor, a column, in reference to the manner in which the stamen and style are
united into one columnar mass. Beautiful little New Holland plants with pink flowers, remarkable for :
singular elasticity of their column, which, being touched with a pin, starts with violence from the side to whic
it was turned when stimulated. The species grow in sandy loam and peat, and are increased by seeds, or
dividing at the root; some of them by cuttings.
1933. Gunnera. So called after Ernest Gunner, bishop of Norway, who published a Flora of his country
from 1756 to 1772. An uninteresting plant with orbicular leaves. May be planted in a pot of loam and Pe*,
and plunged in water; it is increased by dividing at the root.
idered
1934. Aristolochia.
From afts of,
excellent,
andthe
x2x2,
a femaleofinthechild-birth;
theinplant
was the
formerly
to possess considerable
powers
in aiding
expulsion
placenta, and
exciting
lor".
=="
ORDER II.
GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
--------
767
DLANDRIA.
12997 Stem leafy, Lobe of column elliptical blunt, Lip shorter than sepals compressed
19998 Stem leafy, Lobe of column triangular acute, Lip shorter than sepals compressed
12999 Stem leafy, Lobe of column triangular oblong blunt, Lip shorter than sepals compressed
13000 Stem leafy, Lobe of column elliptical cordate blunt, Lip longer than blunt sepals, Spike in front
13001 Stem leafless 1-flowered, Leaves 2 radical oblong blunt, Scape scarcely longer than leaves
13.02 Flowers with 5 sepals, Lip saccate spurred, Stem leafy
13003 Leaves distichous fleshy nerveless spotted, Scape little longer than leaves
13004 Leaves cartilaginous ligulate not spotted twice as short as the hairy scape
13005 Leaves linear toothletted at edge, Raceme spiked simple and scape glandular
13006 Leaves narrow linear decurrent smooth, Throat ;-crowned, Lip with an appendage
13007 Stem scandent, Leaves linear cirrhose, Throat crowned, Lip with an appendage, Column downy upwards
13008 Leaves setaceous linear sessile somewhat hairy, Orifice naked, Lip with an appendage
13009 Leaves linear, Spike subsessile divided: partial few-fl. Capsules adnate at base linear 1-celled
13010 Leaves reniform toothed shorter than the scape in fruit
HEXANDRIA.
13011 Leaves 3-lobed, Stem twining, Corollas cylindrical broken saccate at base, Lip cordate cuspidate
13012 Lvs. obl. acum. 3-nerved, Stem twining, Peduncles many-flowered, Cor. incurv. Lip ovate mucronate
13013 Lvs. cord. acute, Stem twining, Pedunc. 1-flowered with an ovate bract. Cor. ascend...: limb trifid equal
13014 Stem twining, Lvs. stalked cord. downy beneath, Pedunc. sol. without bractes, Tube of cor twisted back
1:015 Lvs. cordate ovate, Stem twining, Pedunc. i-fl. longer than leaf, Lip cordate lanceolate longer than cor
13016 Leaves cordate obl. Stem twining, Cor straight: limb spreading, Lip spatulate bearded at end
13017 Leaves elliptical blunt somewhat emarginate slightly cordate, Pedunc. many-fl. Cor. erect
13018 Leaves roundish cordate acute, Stem twining, Peduncles about 3, Cor. incurved, Lip ovate
13019 Leaves cordate ovate blunt glaucous beneath, Stem twining, Cor incurved, Lipovate retuse
13020 Leaves cordate oblong acuminate, Stem prostrate flexuose somewhat climbing, Cor. incurved
13021 Leaves cordate ovate retuse, Stem prostrate flexuose somewhat climbing, Cor. erect, Lip lanc. acute
13022 Leaves cordate oblong acuminate, Stem flexuous ascending, Pedunc. radical, Lip of cor. lanceolate
13023 Leaves cordate blunt, Stem weak, Flowers solitary, Bractes cordate stalked
13024 Lvs. cordate ovate crenate scabrous netted beneath, Stem branched at base flexuose prostrate, Cor. erect
13025 Lvs. cordate ovate blunt subsess. Stem nearly erect and simple, Pedunc. sol. 1-fl. Cor. erect
13026 Lvs. cordate ovate blunt emarginate stalked, Stem flexuose nearly erect, Pedunc. sol. 1-fl. Cor. erect
13027 Lvs. cordate ovate blunt downy stalked, Stem erect hairy, Pedunc. sol. 1-fl. Cor. recurved
13028 Lvs. roundish cordate bluntish stalked, Stem erect, Pedunc.1-fl. heaped, Cor. erect
13029 Leaves cordate lanceolate, Stem erect shrubby
13030 Leaves reniform roundish cordate amplexicaul. Corolla incurved at base saccate: 2-lipped in the middle
13031 Leaves cordate acuminate, Flowers in racemes, Capsules acutely hexangular
13012
discharge. The root of A. serpentaria is said to be the substance which the Egyptian snake-jugglers chew, for
the purpose of stupifying the snakes by the introduction of their saliva into the reptiles' mouths. A. clematitis
(from xxx war, a young shoot of the vine, in allusion to its appearance) is a species which furnishes one of the
roots employed in European medicine. It is stimulant, stomachic, and emmenagogue; use has been made of
it for various purposes, as for paleness of the countenance, fistula, sarcoma, &c. A. pistolochia is also employed
for the same purposes. It grows upon the dry stony places of Languedoc and Provence. It is used in cases of
obstructed perspiration, and in disorders of the lungs. The roots should be chosen of a plump texture, and a
yellowish color. They should be newly dried, and possess an aromatic flavor and a bitter taste.
Aristolochia trilobata and odoratissima have strong smelling roots, which are looked upon in Jamaica as
powerful medicines, and used as stomachics by the slaves. The first species is called Contrayerva of the north
side, from its growing in that part of the island; and the other Contrayerva of the south side, for a correspond
ing reason. The root of A, serpentaria retains a place in the Materia Medica. The dried root is imported
into this country from North America; it has an aromatic odor, not unlike that of Valerian; and a sharp,
**rm, bitter, pungent taste, resembling in some degree that of camphor. Medicinally, it is stimula.ii.g
diaphoretic, and tonic.
768
CLASS XXI.
MONOECIA.
CLAss XXI. MONOECIA.

Male and female organs in distinct flowers, but upon the same plant.
This class consists of a variety of plants of all kinds, natures, and affinities, combined by the character of
having their flowers unisexual, but upon the same plant, in which respect Monoecia is distinguished from the
next class, Dioecia. It contains

all the most important timber-trees of the temperate countries of the
world, such as the oak, the pine, the birch, the beech, the walnut, the plane, the cypress, and many others.
The bread-fruit, so important an article of food in some parts of the world, is placed in Monandria. Various
palms occupy a station in other parts of the class. The dangerous Manehineel-tree, and many poisonous or medi
cinal plants, are also placed here. To Monoecia Polyandria belongs the famous Upas-tree of Java, to which so
many fables are attached. It is described in Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinense (2.87.), under the name of
Ipo, and is now ascertained to be a species of Antiaris. From Siphonia elastica, a plant of Monoecia
Monadelphia, and native of Brazil, one of the kinds of Caoutchouc or gum elastic of commerce is obtained.
Sprengel, and others, refer most of the genera of Monoecia to other classes, considering those only to be truly
referable to it, of which the male and female flowers have some differences of structure.
Order 1.
MONANDRIA.
t
Stamen 1.
1935. Artocarpus. Male. A cylindrical catkin. Cal. O. Petals 2. Filament the length of cor. Female.
Cal. O. Cor. O. Ovaries numerous, collected in a globe. Style filiform. Drupe compound.
1936. Casuarina. Male. Catkin filiform. Calyx 2-valved. Cor. O. Female. Catkin globose. Calyx an
ovate scale. Cor. O. Caps. 2-valved, 1-seeded. Seed winged at end.
1937. Ceratocarpus. Male. Cal. 2-parted. Cor. O.
ilament long. Female. Calyx 1-leaved, 2-horned,
attached to the superior ovary. Cor. O. Style 2. Seed 1, tightly enclosed in the calyx.
1938. Zannichellia. Barren fl. Perianth. none. Fertile fl. Perianth. single of 1 leaf Germens 4 or more.
Style 1. Stigma peltate. Capsules sessile.

Order 2.
2
".
D1ANDRIA.
Q: t;
Stamens 2
Male. Cal. 1-leaved. Cor. O. Female. CalvK 1-leaved. Cor. O. Style 1. Capsule 1-celled,
|-sect
1940. Anguria.
Male. Calyx 5-fid.
Petals 5.
Female. Cal. 5-fid.
Petals 5.
Fruit inferior, 2-celled,
many-seeded.
Order 3, TRIANDRIA.
(***
Stamens 3.
1941. Comptonia. Male. A catkin. Calyx a scale. Petals 2. Filaments 2-forked. Female. A catkin.
Calyx a scale. Petals 6. Styles 2. Nut ovate.
1942. Hernandia. Male, Calyx 3-parted. Petals 3. Female. Calyx truncate, entire. Petals 6. Drupe
hollow, open at orifice, with a moveable kernel.
1943. Aryris. Male. Calyx 3-parted. Cor. O.
Female.
Calyx 5-leaved.
Cor. O. Styles 2: Seed 1.
1944. Tragia. , Male. Calyx 3-parted. Cor. O. Female. Calyx 5-parted. Cor. O. Style 3-fid. Caps of
Spieces, and 3 cells. Seed solitary.
1945. Typha. Flowers collected into cylindrical dense spikes or catkins. Barren fl. Perianth. O. Stam. 3.
together, upon a chaffy or hairy receptacle, united below into 1 filament. Fertile fl. Perianth. O. Pericarp
pedicellate, surrounded at the base with hairs resembling a pappus.
1946. Sparganium. Flowers in spherical dense heads.
rren fl. Perianth single, of 3 leaves. Fertile fl.
single, of 3 leaves. Drupe dry, with 1 seed.
1947. Carer. Flowers collected into an imbricated catkin. Barren fl. Calyx of 1 scale, glumaceous. Cor. O.
Fertile fl. Calyx of 1 leaf, glumaceous. Cor. of 1 leaf, urceolate, ventricose. Stigm.
Nut triquetrous,
included within the persistent cor.
1948, Cobresia, Flowers in an imbricated catkin. Male. Calyx a solitary scale. , Cor. O. Female. Cal.
generally a e scale; one flat, the other involving the ovary. Cor. O. Stigmas 3. Nut somewhat three
Connered, na
1940. incinia.
Flowers in an imbricated catkin, androgynous. Male. Cal. a solitary beardless scale.
Female. Cal, bearded; beard hooked from the base of the inside of scale. Stigmas 3.
1950.
Zea,
Male
in distinct
spikes. Cal. a two-flowered blunt glume. Cor a blunt glume. Female. Cal
# 3-valved e Cor
a 2-valved glume. Style 1, filiform, pendulous. Seeds solitary, immersed in an ob
ong receptacle.
1851.
Male in remote spikes. Cal. a 2-flowered blunt Cor a blunt glume.
a 2-flowered glume.
Cor a blunt glume. Style 2-parted.
Female. Calyx
covered by the ossified calyx.
1952. Tripsacum. Male. Glume 2-flowered: outer male; inner neuter. Cor a membranous glume. Fe:
male. Calyx a 1-fl. glume, surrounded by a 1-leaved involucrum, perforated at the recesses. Cor a 2-valved
glume.
Styles 2.
Seed 1.
1953. Heteropogon. Spike simple, monoecious. Flowers male on one side, female on the other. Male: Cal
2-valved. Cor. 2-valved, beardless: the inner valve setaceous. , Nectary 2-lobed, turgid. Female. Cal. two
valved.
Cor. 2-valved, one thickish and bearded. , Beard very long and hairy.
1954. Olyra., Male. Calyx a 1:flowered somewhat awned glume Cor. Q. Female. Cal. a 1-fl. spreading.
ovate, awned glume.
Cor a 2-valved blunt glume. Style bifid.
Order 4. TETRANDRIA.
*::::
Seed cartilaginous.
Stamens 4.
1955. Alnus. Flowers collected into imbricated catkins. Barren fl. Scale of the catkin 3-lobed, with three
flowers. Perianth, single, 4-partite. Fertile fl. Scale of the catkin subtrifid, with 2 flowers. Perianth. O
st2. Fruit compressed.

s':
*: t ' imperfectly 3-lobed,
'rical
3-flowered.
catkin,
Perianth.
it:alg.
O. 8:1,
StylesPerionth.
2, Germens
o.stam,
compressed,
10.1%,2-celled,
Fril:
one
* * compressed, with a membranaceous margin, 1-seeded.
CLAss XXI.
MONOECIA.
769
1957. Burus.
3.
Male. , Calyx 3-leaved. Petals 2. Rudiment of an ovary.

ce:
with 3 beaks and 3 cells. Seeds 2.
ale. Calyx 4-leaved. Cor. O. Female. Cal. 4-leaved.
Styles 3.
Cicca.
1:
cous, not splitting, somewhat fleshy.

Morus. Male. Cal 4-parted. Cor. O.
Female.
Calyx 4-leaved.
Female.
Cor. O.
Calyx 4-leaved. Petals

Styles 4.
Capsule 4-coc
Cor. O. Styles 2. Calyx berried.
1960. Boehmeria. Male. Cal 4-parted. Cor. O. Nut O. Female. Cal. O. Cor. O. Style 1. Seed 1.
1961. Pilea. Male. Cal 4-parted membranous. Stamens 4 elastic. Female. Calyx 3-leaved, with one
sepal fleshy and gibbous.
sessile fringed.
1962. Urtica. Barren fl. Perianth. single, of 4 leaves, containing the cup-shaped rudiment of a germen.
Fertile fl. Perianth.
of 2 leaves.
shining.
1963. Pachysandra.
ale. Calyx 4-leaved.
r. O. Female. Calyx 4-leaved. Cor. O. Styles 3. Caps.
3-horned, 3-celled. Seeds 2.
1964. Diotis. Male. Calyx 4-leaved. Cor. O. Female. Calyx 1-leaved, 2-horned. Style 2-parted. Seed
1, villous at base, covered with the 2-horned calyx.
1965. Empleurum. Male. Calyx 4-fid. Cor. O. Female. Cal. 4-fid, inferior. Cor. O. Stigma cylindrical,
seated on a lateral tooth of the ovary. Caps, splitting at side. Seed 1, with an arillus.
1966. Aucuba. Male. Cal. 4-toothed. Petals 4. Recept. with a square hole. Female. Cal. 4-toothed.
Petals 4. Ovary inferior. Style 1, short. Nut ovate, 1-celled.
1967. Littorella. Barren fl. Calyx of 4 leaves. Cor. 4-fid. Stam. very long. Fertile fl. Calyx O. Cor.
unequally 3 cleft. Style very long. Nut 1.
1968. Serpicula. Male. Cal. 4-toothed. Petals 4: Female. Cal. 4-parted. Pericarp a downy nut.
1969 Maclura. Male. A catkin. Female. Cal. O. Corolla O. Style 1, filiform, villous. Ovaries nu
merous, coalescing into a compound globose berry of many cells; cells 1-seeded. Seed obovate, compressed.
":
Order 5.
1970. Erocarpus.
Male.
PENTANDRIA.
\#9 (4.
Stamens 5.
Cal 5-leaved. Cor. O. Stamens inserted in calyx.
Female
Style simple, short.
Stigma peltate. Drute 1-seeded, placed on a fleshy receptacle.

1971. Nephelium.
le. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. O. Female. Cal 4-fid. Cor. O. Ovaries 2. Styles two to
each. Drupes 2, dry, muricated, 1-seeded.
1972. Schizandra. Male. cal 9-leaved in a triple row. Cor. O. Anthers subsessile, cohering at end. Fe
male. Cal. of male. Cor. O. Ovaries numerous, capitate. Berries 1-seeded, inserted on a long filiform re
ceptacle.
1973. Franzeria. Male. Cal. common, 1-leaved, many-toothed. Cor. 1-petalous, tubular, 5-toothed. Re
cept naked. Female. Calyx many-leaved. Cor. O. Styles 4 Drupe dry, 4-celled, setose.
1974. Xanthium. Male. Common calyx imbricated. Cor. monopetalous, 5-fid, funnel-shaped. Female.
Cal. a 2-leaved, 1-flowered involucrum. Cor. O. Drupe dry, muricated, 2.fid. Nut 2-celled.
1975. Amaranthus.
Male.
Cal. 3-5-leaved.
Cor. O.
Stamens 3-5.
Female.
Cal. of the male.
Cor. O.
Styles 3. Caps. 1-celled, cut round about.

Luffi. Male. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. 5-parted, attached to calyx. Female. Cal. and cor of male.
Filaments 5, sterile. Ovary inferior. Stigma clavate. Gourd with a lid, 3-celled, furrowed.
1977 "Ambrosia. Male common cai i leaved cor. 1-petalous, 5-fid, funnel-shaped. Recept naked.
Female. Cal. 1-leaved, entire, 5-toothed beneath, 1-flowered. Cor. O. Nut formed by the indurated calyx,
1-seeded.
1978. Securinega. Male. Cal. 5-parted.

male. Capsule 3-celled.
Order 6.
Cor. O. Stamens 5, inserted under a rudiment of a pistillum.
HEXANDRIA.
*/S
Fe
Stamens 6.
1979 Zizania. Male. Cal. O. Cor. a 2-valved blunt glume, mixed with the females. Female. Cal. O.
Cor a 2-valved glume, cucullate, and awned. Style 2-parted. Seed I, enveloped in the plaited corolla.
1980. Pharus. Male. Cal. a 2-valved 1-fl. glume. Cor. a 2-valved glume. Female. The cal. of the male.
Cor a long involute 2-valved glume. Seed 1.
1981. Guettarda. Male. Cal. cylindrical. Cor. 4-7-fid, funnel-shaped. Female. Cal. cylindrical. Cor.
4-7-fid. Ovary 1. Drupe dry.
1982. Sagus. Common spatha 1-valved. Spadix branched. Male. Cal 3-leaved. Cor. O. Filam, dilated.
Female. Cal 3-leaved, with two of the leaves bifid. Cor. O. Style very short. Stigma simple.
Nut tessel
lated-imbricated, 1-seeded
1983. Cocos. Common spatha 1-valved. Spadix branched. Male. Cal 3-leaved. Cor. 3 petals. Female.
Cal.2-leaved. Cor. 6 petals. Style O. Stigma a depression. Drupe fibrous.
1984. Etate. Common spatha 2-valved. Spadix branched. Male. Cal.3-toothed. Petals 3. Anthers scs
sile. Female. Cal. 3-toothed. Petals 3. Stigmas 3. A drupe.
1985. Bactris. Common spatha 1-valved. Spadix branched. Male. Cal 3-parted. Cor. 3-fid. Female.
Cal. 3-toothed. Cor. 3-toothed. Style very short. Stigma capitate. Drupe fibrous, succulent.
Order 7.
POLYANDRIA.
*
A^
#
1986. Ceratophyllum. Barren fl. Cal multipartite.

Cor O. Stigma nearly sessile, oblique. Nut 1-seeded.
Stamens more than 6.
Cor. O.
Stam, 16-20.
Fertile fl.
Cal. multipartite.
1987. Myriophyllum. Barren fl. Cal of 4 leaves. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Fertile fl. Cal. of 4 leaves
4.
Petals
Stigmas 4, sessile. Nuts 4, subglobose, 1-seeded.

1988. Sagittaria. Male. Cal 3-leaved. Petals 3. Stamens about 24. Female. Cal. 3-leaved. Petals 3.
Ovaries many. Seeds many, naked.
1989. Begonia. Male. Cal. O. Petals 4: the two opposite the largest. Stamens numerous. Female. Cal.
O. Petals 4 or 6, like the male. Styles 3, bifid. Caps. inferior, 3-angular winged, 3-celled, many-seeded.
1990. Poterium. Barren fl. Cal. of 4 leaves. Cor. 4-partite. Stamens 30-40. Fertile fl. Cal. of 4 leaves.
Cor. 4-partite. Germens 2. Fruit 2-celled, invested with the cal.
1991. Amirola. Male. Calyx 5-fid: lower segm. cut down to the base. Cor. O. Stamens 8, declinate.
Female as in the male. Style incurved. Caps. 3-coccous, inflated, 3-valved. Seeds globose.
1992. Acidoton. Male. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. O. Stamens 35-40. Female. Cal. 6-leaved. Cor. O. Style
3-fid. Caps 3-coccous.
1993. Thelygonum. Male. Cal 2-fid. Cor. O. Stamens about 12. Female. Cal.2-fid. Cor. O. Ovary 1.
Caps. Coriaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
foot. Castanea. Barren fl. in a very long cylindrical catkin. Perianth. single, of 1-leaf, 6-cleft. Stamen
5-20. Fertile fl. 3, within a 4-lobed, thickly muricated involucrum. Perianth. single, urceolate, 5-6-lobed,
having the rudiments of 12 stamens. Germen incorp. with the perianth. 6-celied, with the cells 2-seeded, 5 of
them mostly abortive. Styles 6. Nut 1-2-seeded, invested with the enlarged involucre.
3 D
770
MONOECIA.
1995. Ostrya.
CLAss XXI.
Male, an imbricated catkin. Cal. a scale. Cor. O.
Filaments branched, Female, a naked
catkin. Cal. O. Cor. O. Caps inflated, imbricated, 1-seeded at base.

1996. Carpinus. Barren fl. in a cylindrical catkin, its scales roundish ciliated at the base. Stamens 8-20
Fertile fl. in a lax catkin, its scales large, foliaceous, 3-lobed, 1-flowered. Invol. O. Perianth. of 1 leaf,
urceolate, 6-dentate, incorporated with the 2-celled germen, of which 1 cell is abortive Styles 2. Nut ovate,
striated, 1-seeded.
1997. Fagus. Barren fl. in a globose catkin. Perianth. single, of eat, campanulate, 6-cleft. Stamens 5-12.
Fertile fl. 2, within a 4-lobed prickly involucre. Perianth. single, urceolate, with 4-5 minute lobes. Germen
incorporated with the perianth., 3-celled, two of them becoming abortive. Styles 3. Nuts 1-seeded, invested
with the enlarged involucre.
1998. Corylus. Barren fl. in a cylindrical catkin, its scales 3-cleft. Perianth. O. Stamens 8. Anthers 1-celled.
Fertile fl. Perianth. obsolete. Germens several, surrounded by a scaly involucre. Stigmas 2. Nut 1-seeded,
surrounded at the base with the enlarged united coriaceous scales of the involucre.
1999. Juglans. Male, an imbricated catkin. Cal. a scale. Cor 6-parted. Filaments 4-18. Female. Cal.
4-fid, superior. Cor. 4-fid. Styles 2. Drupe coriaceous, with a furrowed nut.
2000. Quercus. Barren fl. in a lax catkin. Perianth. single, somewhat 5-cleft. Stamens 5-10. Fertile fl.
1nvol. cup-shaped, scaly. Perianth. single, incorporated with the germen, 6-lobed. Germen 3-celled, 2 of them
abortive. Style 1. Stigmas 3. Nut (acorn) 1-celled, 1-seeded, surrounded at the base by the enlarged cup
shaped involucre.
2001. Liquidambar. Male, a conical catkin, surrounded by a 4-leaved involucre. Cal.O.. Cor. O. Filaments
numerous. Female, a globose catkin, surrounded by a 4-leaved involucrum. Cal. 1-leaved, urceolate,
2-flowered. Cor. O. Styles 2. Capsules 2, surrounded at base by calyx, 1-celled, many-seeded.
2002. Platanus. Male, a globose catkin. Cal. O. Cor. scarcely any. Anthers growing about the filament.
Female, a globose catkin. Cal. many-leaved. Cor. O. Styles with a recurved stigma. Seeds roundish, mucro
nate with the style, pappose at base.
2003. Salisburia.
ale, a naked catkin. Cal. O.
Cor. O. Anthers imbricated. Female. Cal 4-fid. Drupe
with a 3-cornered nut.
2004. Carludovica.
Common spatha 4-leaved. , Spadix cylindrical.
4-flowered receptacle: proper calyx many-toothed.

anther-like. Berry cubical, many-seeded.
Female.
Male.
Common calyx a cubical
Cal an edge. Styles 4, very long. Stigmas
2005. Caladium. Male. Cal. and cor. O. Anthers peltate, many-celled, disposed in a spike at the end of the
spadix. Female. Cal. and cor. O. Ovaries inserted at base of spadix. Style O. Berry 1-celled, many-seeded.
2006. Arum. Spatha of 1 leaf, convolute at the base. Perianth. O. Spadix with germens at the base.
Stem (sessile) near the middle of the spadix, which is naked above , Berry 1-celled, 1-seeded.
2007. Caryota. Common spatha compound. Male. Cal 3-leaved. Petals 3. Female. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor.
3-parted. Style 1. Berry 1-celled, 2-seeded.
Order 8.
##
MONADELPHIA.
2008. Nipa. Palm. Male. Cal. O. Petals 6.

Drupe angular, 1-seeded.
# Areca. Common spatha 2-valved.
Stamens united into a single body.
Filament 1, 12-fid.
Female.
Stigma a lateral furrow.
Male.
Cal. 3-parted.
Petals 3. Stamens 6, cohering at base,

Female. Cal 3-leaved. Petals 3. Nect. 6-toothed. Styles
short. Drupe 1-seeded.
2010. Belis. Male. Anthers 2-celled. Female. Scales imbricated in a lupuliform cone, very short, crested,
bracteate at back, trigynous. Lateral pericarps auricled, middle cuneate, deciduous with the cone.
#very
2011. Agathis. Male. Anthers many-celled. Female. Scales imbricated in a round cone, naked at back,
persistent monogynous. Pericarps winged, united to the inside of scale. Cotyledons 2.
2012. Pinus. Male. Anthers 2-celled. Female. Scales in a conical cone, bracteate at base, digynous.
Pericarps attached to the inside of scale, more or less winged, deciduous. Stigmas 2-3.fid. Cotyledons 4-8.
2013. Abies. The same as Larix, exce
2014. Larir. Male. Anthers 2-celle
"' its habit and stigma, which is that of Pinus.
Cotyledons 3-9.
Scales imbricated in a round cone, bracteate at base,
emale.
digynous. Pericarps attached to inside of scale, winged, deciduous. Stigma hemispherical, cupped, glandular.
Cotyledons 5-9.
MONANDRIA.
1935. ARTOCAR PUs W. BREAD FRurt.

Urticeae. Sp. 2
13032 incisa W.
true
* D clt 30 ... W.G. S. Sea Isl. 1793. Skrim Rum.amb 1. t.33
13033 integriflia W.
* L clt 30 in
Jaca Tree
W.G. E. Indies 1778. C. r.m Rh.mal. 3 t-26.28
*: # *
-
[.
#
*#
* w [...]
|-
E.
.
2.
#
'.
s
|->
*Q
i
13032
10:35.
rtocarpus.

From of ros, bread, and 225+or, fruit, in allusion to the well-known name and uses of the
to/time
or Fruit--pain, Fr., B,odbaum, Ger., and Albero di pane, Ital, A. incisa grows in the South
the size of a moderate sized oak, with alternate leaves, deeply gashed, glaucous, and two feet long.
* whole tree and the fruit before it is ripe, abound in a very tenacious milky
juice.
The fruit is about the
-- - - -
- -
- -
--
MONOECIA.
CLAss XXI.
- -
771
2015. Schubertia.
2016. Podocarpus. Male. Cal-leaflets of the bud imbricated. Anthers many, adnate, bilocular, rostrate,
: lengthened column of the
fixed to
receptacle.
filament.
Female.
An ovate 1-celled nut, half immersed in a firm
2017. Cupressus. Male, an imbricated catkin. Cal. a scale. Cor. O. Anthers 4, sessile, without filaments.
Female, a cone-like catkin. Cal. a 1-fl. scale. Cor. O. Stigma 2 concave dots. Nut angular.
2018. Thuja. Male, an imbricated catkin. Cal. a scale. Pet. 4. Anthers 4. Female, a cone-like catkin.
Cal. a 2-fl. scale. Cor. O. Nut 1, surrounded by an edged wing.
2019. Trichosanthes. Male. Cal 5-toothed. Cor. 5-parted, ciliated. Filaments 3. . Female. Cal 5-toothed.
Cor. 5-parted, ciliated. Style 3-fid. Gourd oblong.
2020. Momordica. Male.
Cal. 5-fid. Cor. 5-parted.
Filaments 3. Female. Cal. 5-fid.
Cor. 5-parted.
Styles 3-fid. Gourd dropping off with elasticity.

2021. Cucurbita. Male Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. 5-fid. Filaments 3. Female. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. 5-fid.
Ovary 3-fid. Seeds of gourd with a tumid edge.
2022. Cucumis. Male. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. 5-parted. Filaments 3. Female. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. 5-parted.
Ovary 3-fid. Seeds of gourd with a sharp edge.
2023. Sicyos. Male. Cal 5-toothed. Cor. 5-parted. Filaments 3. Female. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. 5-parted.
Style 3-fid. Gourd 1-seeded.
2024. Bryonia. Barren fl. Cal. 5, dentate. Cor. 5-cleft. Filaments 3. Anthers 5. Fertile fl. Calyx 5
dentate. Cor. 5-cleft. Style trifid. Berry inferior, globose, many-seeded.
2025. Andrachne. Male. Cal 5-leaved. Petals 5. Stamens 5, inserted into the rudiment of a style. Female.
Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. O. Styles 3. Caps. 3-celled. Seeds 2.
2026. Stillingia. Male. Cal. hemispherical, many-fl. Cor. tubular, eroded. Female. Cal. 1-flowered.
inferior. Cor. superior. Style 3-fid. Caps. 3-coccous.
2027. Phyllanthus. Male. Cal. 6-parted. Cor. O. Filament columnar. Anthers 3. Female. Cal. 6-parted.
Cor. O. Disk with 12 angles. Styles 3. Capsule 3-coccous.
2028. Aleurites. Male. Cal 3-fid. Petals 5. Scales 5. Filament columnar. Anthers numerous. Female,
Cal 3-fid. Petals 5. Scales 5. Style O. Stigmas 2. Berry dicoccous.
2029. Omphalea. Male. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. O. Disk a fleshy ring. Filament columnar. Anthers 2-3.
Female. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. O. Style very short. Stigma trifid. Caps. 3-coccous, 3-celled: cells with a solitary nut.
2030. Hi
ne. Male. Cal. campanulate, emarginate.
r. O.
Filament columnar. Female. Cal.
3-leaved. Cor. O. Style very short.
igma 7-fid. Drupe with a 7-celled nut.
2031. Sapium. Male. Cal 2-fid. Cor. O. Filament 2-fid. Female. Cal 3-toothed. Cor. O. Style very
short. Stigma 3-fid. Caps. 3-coccous.
2032. Croton. Male. Cal cylindrical, 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10-15. Female. Cal. many-leaved.
-
Cor: Q. Styles 3, bifid, Caps, 3-celled., Seed 1.

2033. Jatropha. Male. Cal. O, or 5-leaved. Cor. monopetalous, funnel-shaped, Stamens, 10, alternately
shorter. Female. , Cal. O., Cor. 5-petalous, spreading. Styles 3, bifid. Caps. 3-celled. Seed 1.
2034. Ricinus. Male. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. O. Stamens numerous. Female. Cal 3-parted. Cor. O.
Styles 3, bifid. Capsule 3-celled. Seed 1.
2035. Hura. Male. An imbricated catkin. Perianth. truncate, 2-leaved. Cor. O. Filament cylindrical,
ltate at end, surrounded by many double anthers. Female. Cal. cylindrical. Cor. O. Style funnel-shaped.
stigma 12-f d. Caps 12-celled. Seed 1.
2036. Ste, culia. Male. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. O. Filament columnar, surmounted by numerous anthers.
Female. Cal 5-parted. Cor. O. Anthers sterile, surrounding the base of the stalked ovaries. Follicles 5,
manv-seeded.
2037. He, itiera.

anthers. Female.
Male. Cal 5-toothed. Cor. O. Filament columnar, surmounted below the end with
Cal 5-toothed. Cor. O. Sterile anthers at base of ovaries. Drupes 5, dry, 1-seeded.
2038. Acalypha. Male, Cal. 3-4-leaved. Cor. O. Stamens 8-16. Female. Cal 3-leaved. Cor. O. Styles
3.
Caps. 3-coccous, 3-celied. Seed 1.
2039. Dalechampia. Common involucre outside, with 4 leaflets: inside with 2, trifid. Male. Umbel 10-fl. ;
with a 2-leaved involucre and numerous
Cal. 5-leaved.
Cor. O.
Filaments many, connate.
Female.
Florets 3, with a 3-leaved involucre. Cai, 11-leaved. Cor. O. Style filiform. Caps. 3-coccous.
2040. Plukenetia.
Male.
Cal. 4-parted.
Cor. O. Stamens 20.
Female.
Cal. 4-parted.
Cor. O. Style
very long, with a peltate 4-lobed stigma. Caps. 4-coccous.
MONANDRIA.
13032 Leaves pinnatifid sinuated scabrous downy beneath
1303.3 Leaves oblong undivided narrowed at base scabrous beneatn
13033
and Miscellaneous Pe, ticulars.
size and shape of a child's head, and the surface is reticulated, not much unlike a truffle; it is covered with a
thin skin, and has a core about as big as the handle of a small knife; the eatable part lies between the skin and
the core; it is as white as snow, and somewhat of the consistence of new bread. It must be roasted before
it is eaten, being first divided into three or four parts; its taste is insipid, with a slight sweetness, somewhat
3 D 2
MONOECIA MONANDRIA.
772
CLAsa XXI.
1936. CASUARI/NA. W. CAsuariNA.

13034 equisetifiia W.
Horse-tail
13035 stricta W.
upright
13036 distyla W.
two-styled
13037 torulsa W.
Cork-barked
13038 quadrivlvis P. S. four-valved
13039 muricta Rorb,
13040 nodiflra *
Casuarinear. Sp. 7-10.

15 on
Ap S. Sea Isl. 1776. S s-p Bot. cab. 607
15 fin
Ap N. S. W. 1775. S s-p Bot. rep. 346
15
...
Ap N. Holl. 1812. S s-p Vedes.pl. n. t.62
15
...
Ap N. S. W. 1772. S sp
18
...
Ap N. S. W. 1812. S sp Lano.ho.2.t.218
15
...
Ap E. Indies 1822. S. s.p
15
...
Ap N. Caled. 1823. S s-p
CERAtocarpUs.
Chenopodeae. St. 1.
O un
4.jn.jl
G
Tartary 1757. S s
Bu.in.ac.pe.1.t.9
L! or
L or
Lu or
u_j or
u- or
muricated
L or
knot-flowered in u_j or
1937. CERA TO AR/PUS. W.

13041 arenrius W.
sand
1938. ZANNICHEL'LIA. W. Pond Weed.

marsh
as O
13042 palustris W.
Naiades. Sp. 13.

w
2 jl
Ap
DIAND RIA.
Aroideae.
1939. LEMNA. W.
13043 tris(alca W.
13044 minor W.
lesser
13045 gibba W.
13046 polyrhiza W.
gibbous
greater
*
*
:
*
t1940. ANGURIA. W.
ANGURIA.
three-lobed
AL [Z\] or 20 jn.jl
13047 trilobta W.
Duck Weed.
Ivy-leaved
O
O
w
w
w
w
...
...
...
...
myjn
jnji
jn.jl
my.s
dit.
S aq
Eng. bot. 1844
Sp. 4-11.
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Cucurbitaceae.
Pk
Britain
Britain sta.wa. S lip Eng bot 926

Britain sta.wa. S lp Eng, bot. 1035
Britain stalwa. S 1.p Eng bot 1:3
Britain
dit. S I.p H.ng bot. 2458
Sp. 1.
Carthag. 1793. R lip Jac. amer. t. 156
TRIAND.R.I.A.
1941. COMPTONIA. W. ComptoNiA.
Myriceae. Sp. 1.
13048 aspleniflia W.
Fern-leaved
&
or 4 mr.my Br
N. Amer.
1942. HERNAND1A. W. Jack in A Box.
Laurineae. Sp. 2-3.
13049 sonra W.
peltate-leaved
D or 20
E. Indies
13050 ovigera W.
egg-fruited
C or 20
...
E. Indies
1943. AXY"RIS. W.
AxYRIs.
Chenopodear. Sp. 3-5.
13051 amaranthoides W. simple-spiked
O un 13 jn.jl
G
Siberia
13052 hybrida W.
bastard
O un 1% jn.au G
Siberia
13053 prostrta W.
trailing
-k O un * jlau
G
Siberia
-
1714. Sks.p Dend brit. 166

1693. C p.l Rum.amb 2. t85
C p.l
Rum.am.3. t.123
1758. S co
1780. S. co
1798. S co
...
Gmelisib, t:2.f.g
Gmel.sib, t.A. f.1
Gmel.sib, t:5.f."
13038
resembling that of the crumb of wheaten bread mixed with Jerusalem Artichoke. The plant was first brought
to England by the unfortunate Captain Bligh.
A fresh supply has been more than once received, and there
are now a number of plants in the nurseries about London
The bread-fruit, according to Sweet, is generally
supposed to be difficult of cultivation in this country. He considers that the plants have been, in general,
treated too tenderly, and not allowed sufficient air. They appear, he says, to be of the same nature as
the Fig, to which they are nearly allied Large cuttings root freely in a pot of sand, plunged under a hand
glass, in a moist heat, with all their leaves entire: if the leaves are shortened, it is a great chance if they
succeed. (Bot. Cult. 19.)
There are several varieties of the bread-fruit, as of all plants that have been long in cultivation. The
principal of these varieties are without seeds; the natives of Otaheite reckon at least eight, differing in the
form of the leaf and fruit. A. integrifolia is also by many considered a variety of the other; for the leaves are
sometimes lobed, and the situation of the fruit varies with the age of the tree, being first borne on the
branches, then on the trunk, and finally on the roots.
The bread-fruit is ripe in becember, and is used boiled, or fried in Palm oil.
Besides the use of the fruit,

the economical purposes to which the other parts of the tree are applied are various. The wood is used in
building boats and houses; a cloth is made of the inner bark; the inale catkins serve for tinder; the leaves
for wrapping up food, and for wiping the hands instead of towels; and the juice for making bird-lime, and a
cement for filling up the cracks of vessels for holding water. According to Forster, three trees are supposed
to yield sufficient nourishment for one person.
i he bread-fruit tree is distributed very extensively over the East Indian continent and islands, as well as the
innumerable islands of the South Seas.
In 1793 it was introduced to the West Indies, and subsequently to
different parts of South America. Much has been said in praise of it by Europeans, and certainly, to the
inhabitants of the South Sea Islands, it may be a valuable food, as the acorn was to the inhabitants of Britain,
when they were in a certain state of civilization. But whether a civilized and refined people would esteem
this fruit for their own use as highly as they do for the use of the semi-barbarians of the South Seas, is a
Point which may reasonably be doubted.
1936. Casuarina. The name under which the tree is described by Rumphius, who probably called it so from
the resemblance its foliage bears to the plumage of the casoar or cassoway of the same country. By the Malays
and by the South Sea Islanders club-wood, on account of the use of it for warlike weapons.
b'
uisetifolia is a large spreading and lofty tree, with leaves, or rather branchlets, hanging down in
* from twelve to eighteen inches in length, like a long head of hair, or a horse's tail, all jointed from
#".
The appearance of the whole tree is very remarkable. It was introduced by the first Lord
ORDER I.
----
MONOECIA MONANDRIA.
773
13034 Branchlets flaccid round, Scales of cones unarmed villous

13035 Dioecious, Branchlets erect furrowed, Scales of cones unarmed smoothish
13036 Dioecious, Branchlets ovate round, Scales of cones unarmed ciliated
1307 Dioecious, Branchlets flaccid, Scales of cones villous and rough with tubercles
13038 Dioecious, Young branches somewhat flaccid, Scales of cones villous, Male sheaths submultifid ciliated
13039 Branches erect, Scales of cones mucronate pubescent, in which it chiefly differs from C. stricta
13040 Monoecious, Branchlets erect square, Scales of cones unarmed smooth
13041 Stem much branched diffuse making globose tufts
13042 Anthers 4-celled, Stigmas entire, Pericarps toothed on the back
DIANDRIA.
13043 Fronds thin elliptical-lanceolate caudate at one extremity, at the other serrate, Roots solitary
13044. Fronds nearly ovate compressed, Roots solitary
13045
Fronds obovate nearly plane above hemispherical beneath, Roots solitary
13046. Fronds obovate rotundate compressed, Roots numerous clustered

13047 Fruit small, Leaves 3-lobed
TRIAND.R.I.A.
13048 Leaves oblong alternately sinuated
13049 Leaves peltate
13050 Leaves cordate ovate acuminate flat stalked at base
13051 Leaves ovate, Stem erect, Spikes simple
13052 Leaves ovate, Stem erect, Spikes panicled
13053 Leaves obovate, Stem somewhat divided, Flowers capitate
13047
13051
1937. Ceratocarpus. Named from ***, a horn, and *ror, fruit, because the seeds have two horns.
Useless weeds.
1938. Zannichellia. So called in honor of John Jerome Zannichella, a Venetian apothecary, who died in
1729. He left behind him a few works of little consequence. A plant found abundantly in the marshes of
someparts of England.
1939. Lemna. Said to have been so called from Airls, a scale, in allusion to the form of the plants. Theo
phrastus describes under the same name an aquatic plant. Annual weeds, which float on stagnant water,
their flowers are very obscure, and not produced freely in northern climates. L. trisulca has dichotomous,
filiform, divaricated stems, having a lanceolate leaf at the angle of the branches, but proliferous ones termi
nating the branches; where these leaves are conjoined, there shoots out a pendant radicle, with a conical
papilla at its base. Linnaeus observes, that the stems are flatted and, proliferous, crossing each other, and thus
resembling in the mode of growth the opuntia or Indian fig. The leaves of L. minor are very small, of a
roundish ovate form, collected into heaps by twos or threes, and forming extensive green platson stagnant
waters; each leaf drops a single radicle. This plant affords nourishment not only to ducks, but to the fresh
water
to Phalaena Lemnata, &c. Its quick and extensive magation makes it troublesome in some
cases, but at the same time it is considered valuable as converting hydrogen gas into air adapted to respiration.
L. polyrhiza is distinguished by its dropping bundles of thick black fibres from the lower surface of the
leaves. The plants sink in the water in the winterseason, and either these or new ones appear again in the
spring.
1940. Anguria. One of the Greek names for the Cucumber. The plant now so called is also a kind of gourd.
The species grow freely onlight soil, and are propagated by seeds or roots.
1941. Comptonia. in honor of Henry Compton, Lord Bishop of London, by whom the fine collection
-
of plants attached to the episcopal palace at Fulham was formed. A handsome shrub, which thrives in peat
soil, or sandy loam, and is increased by suckers or layers.
1542. Hernandia. So called in honor of Francisco Hernandez, a Spanish botanist, and first
'': to
Philip the second of Spain, by whom he was sent to Mexico for the sake of investigating the natural history of
that country. Linnaeus is said to have named it in allusion to the large leaves and little flowers of the plant,
which may :*: to represent the great means and small advantages which attended the expedition
of Hernandez. "This is an upright lofty tree, with an elegant head. The fruit is a nut, sustained and partly
enveloped #: yellow persisting calyx. The nuts are very large, and as they move in the wind, produce sound
enough to alarm unwary travellers. In our stoves the plants grow freely in loamy soil, and ripened cuttings,
with their leaves on, root in sand under a hand-glass.
1943. Aryris. A word of unknown meaning Plants of little beauty and the easiest culture.
3 D 3
774
*1944. TRA*GIA. W.
13054 volubilis Jy.
13055 involucrta W.
13056 (irens W.
$13057 Chamaela W.
13058 cannabina W
1945. TYPHA. W.
13059 latiflia W.
13060 minor JV.
MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.
twining
(C) un 3 jn.jl
G
E Indies
+
un 3 au
G
Virginia
:
un 2 jn.jl
G
E. Indies
Hemp-leaved 2un 2 jn.jl
G
E. Indies
CAT's-TAil.
Aroideae. Sp. 3-7.
great
*
jl
Br
Britain
dwarf
Mik
jl
Br
England
lesser
*
jn.jl
Br
Britain
involucred
1759.
stinging
1699. S. co Piuk.al. t. 107.f5

1793. D lp Rheemal. 2. t.34
1699. C 1.p Bur.ind.t-63 f4
lance-leaved
: :
1946. SPARGANIUM. W. Bun Reed.

1306.2 ramsum W.
branched
*
13063 simplex W.
unbranched
as
13064 ntans W.
floating
3.
1947. CAREX. W.
CLAss XXI.
Euphorbiaceae, Sp. 5-9.

* Dun 6 jn.jl
G
W.Indies 1739. S co Treplvaret is
TRAG1.A.
dit
S co
Jac.ic. l. t. 190
S 1. p Eng bot. 1455
mar. S 1.p Eng: bot. 1457

pools. S lip
Eng bot. 1456
Aroideae. Sp. 3-5

un 2 jLau
Ap Britain
dit. S 1. p Eng.bot. 744
un 14.jl.au Ap Britain sta.wa. S 1. p Eng bot. 745
jl
England fens. S 1.p Eng bot. 272
Cyperaceae.
i myjn Ap
# 106-235.
CAR.Ex.
dioecious
Davall's
*
Mk
13067 pulicris W.
13068 pyrenaica W.
13069 pauciflra W.
Flea
* A cu
13.jn.jl
Pyrenean
few-flowered
All A un
Mk a cu
'tl' jn.jl
jn
13070 cyperoides W.
13071 stenophylla W.
2 chordorhiza W.
13073 incrva W.
Bohemian
* A
narrow-leaved all A
chord-rooted Mil. A
curved
All A
2 jn.jl
2 jn.jl
1 jn.jl
jl.au
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Bohemia 1801.
Austria 1822.
Sweden 1823.
Scotland san.sh.
13074 foetida W.
stinking
* A un + jlau
Ap
Switzerl. 1791. Sk co Sch.cat Hh.f36
13075 arenria W.
13076 intermdia W.
13077 schoenoides W.
13078 Schrebri W.
* A un 11 my.jl Ap
Britain
All A un
Germany 1823. Sk co
M. A un 13 jnji
Ap
Germany 1800. Sk co Host gra. 1. t.36
13079 brizoides W.
sand
soft-brown
rush-like
Schreber's
Briza-like
13080 ovlis W.
oval-spiked
Mil. A un
* A un
Ap
Ap
Germany 1815. Sk co
Britain mar. Sk co
13081 lagopodioides W.
Hare's Foot
13082 scopria W.
Broom
*. A un 2 jn.jl
* A un 24 jn.jl
Ap
Ap
N. Amer. 1805. Sk co Sc. c.t.Yyy.[177

N. Amer. 1812. Sk co Sc.c.t.Xxx.f.175
Ap
13065 dioica W.
13066 Davallina W.
cu
cu i myjn Ap
un
un
un
un
* A ec
1 jn.jl
1 my.jl
2 my jl
2 jn.jl
sp.bo. Sks.p Eng. bot. 543
mar. Sks.p Eng bot. 2123
Ap
Britain
mar Sk co Eng. bot. 1051
Ap
Ap
Pyrenees 1820. Sk co Sica.n.5.t.D.fl

Britain bgs.m. Sks.p Eng. bot. 2041
Ap
Ap
Britain
Sk co Schk.car.t.A.f5
Sk co Sc.ca.t.G.Ii.f3?
Sk co Sc.ca. t.G. li.f31
Sk co Eng. bot. 927
san.sh. Sk co
Eng bot. 928
mar. Sk co Eng bot. 2042

Host-gra.36t-47
Eng bot. 306
13083 nemorsa W.
wood
* A un
13084 vulpina W.
great-spiked
all. A un 3 my...au Ap
Britain
13085 stipta W.
* A un 3 myau Ap
N. Amer. 1825. Sk co Sc.c.t. Hhh..f.132
13080 divisa W.
!'
racteated
Ap
Britain
sal.m. Sk co
13087 muricta W.
greater-prickly M. A un 2 my.jn Ap
Britain
moi.p. Sk co Eng bot 1097
* a un
3 jn.jl
ritain
Britain
2 my.jl
Germany 1824. Sk co
mar. Sk co
Eng bot. 307

Eng. bot 1096
13088 norvgica W.
Norway
* A un 11 myjn Ap
Norway 1822. Sk co Schk.cart:8.f66
13089 div (ilsa JV.

13000 stellulta W.
13091 rsea W.
13092 axillris W.
13093 remta W.
All A un 2 my
Ap
". A un
*my.jn Ap
Britain
Britain
* A un 2 my.jn Ap
* A un 2} myjn Ap
* A un 2 my.jn Ap
N. Amer. 1812. Sk co Sc.ca.t.Zzz.f.179

England bogs. Sk co Eng, bot. 993
Britain groves. Sk co Eng bot. 832
ittle-prickly
Rose
axillary
remote
m.s.pl. Sk co
mar. Sk co
Eng bot. 629

Eng bot:806
13061
13065

1914. Tragia. In honor of a German botanist named Jerome Bock, born in 1498, and died in 1554; Tragus,
which was the name he bore in science, being a Greek translation of his real name, both signifying a goat. He
Pu'he:
a history of plants, or Kraeuterbuch, and several other works. Twining plants of no interest.
b': Typha.
From rvcor, a marsh, in which all the species naturally grow." T. latifolia is one of the
the * of the reed kind; its leaves are of a bluish color, an inch in width, and three feet long;
'' # the flower is very abundant, and a light being applied to it, a flash of fire is produced. Haller
pilow: T are eaten in salads, that cattle eat the leaves, and that the downy seeds serve for stuffing
art: frequent
"for
aremaking
sometimes
by coopers,
and introduced
between for
the thatch.
staves ofRubens,
their casks;
they
q
**
mats,used
baskets,
chair bottoms,
and sometimes
and other
---
CRDER III.
MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.
--
775
13054 Leaves cordate ovate acuminate serrated smoothish, Petioles ciliated, Female sepals hairy entire
13055 Leaves hispid ovate-acuminate serrated, Female sepals pinnatifid setose hispid
13056 Leaves lanceolate sessile blunt somewhat toothed at end; and stem, which is erect and branched, downy
13057 Leaves linear lanceolate stalked blunt mucronate, Stem branched diffuse
13058 Leaves deeply 3-lobed toothed, Middle lobe long
13059 Leaves linear nearly plane, Sterile and fertile catkins close together
13060 Leaves linear plane twice as short as culm, Male and female catkins remote
13061 Leaves linear convex below, Sterile and fertile catkins a little distant from each other
13062 Leaves triangular at the base their sides concave, Common flower-stalk branched, Stigma linear
13063 Leaves triangular at the base their sides plane, Common flower-stalk simple, Stigma linear
13064 Lvs. floating plane, Common fl-stalk simple, Stigma ovate very short, Head of sterile fls mostly solitary
-
* Spikes diaccious.
13065 Spike simple dioecious, Fruit ascending ovate shortly acuminated striated rough at the margin upwards
13066 Spike simple dioecious, Fruit ovate much acuminated recurvate-deflexed smoothish at the margin
$ 2. Spikes androgynous.
* 1. Spike simple.
13067 Spike simple androgynous, Flowers few, Fruit distant oblongo-lanceolate acuminate reflexed, Stigmas 2
13068 Spike simple androgynous male at top,
#: 3,
Fruit oblong with a short beak horizontal
13069 Spike simple androgynous of very few fls. Fruit distant lanceolate subulate patenti-reflexed, Stigmas
* 2. Spikelets capitate.
13070 Spikes androgynous male below collected in globose involucrated heads, Stigm. 2, Fr. lanc. with 2 points
13071 Spikes androgynous male above collected in an oblong head, Stigm. 2, Fr. ovate comp. nerved '' teeth
13072 Spikes androgynous male above collected in an ovate form, Stigm. 2, Fr. ov.acumin. Culm branched at base
13073 Spikl, ster. at extrem. collected into a roundish head, Fruit broad rotund-ov. short acum swell. on both
sides nearly entire at the point, Culm obt, angular, Laves channelled
13074 Spikes androgynous male above collected into an oval head, Stigm. 2, Fruit ellipt roundish acuminate bifid
* 3. Spikelets: many-flowered.
Culm triang. Lvs. plane
13075 Lower spikel. fert.: upp. ones ster all crowd. Fr with membr. marg. Bract membranc.: low, ones subfoli.
13076 Inferior and term. spikelets fertile: intermediate ones sterile, Fruit acutely margined, Culms triangular
13077 Spike androgynous comp. Spikelets obl. altern clust. male above, Stigmas 2, Fr. round. ov. edged 2 toothed
13078 Spike androgynous comp. Spikelets ovate alternate clustered male below, Stigmas 2, Fr. ovate 2-toothed
13079 Spike androg. comp.somew. distich. Spikel. about 5 altern cun. obl.lanc. male bel. Stig. 2, Fr. ov. edg bifid
13080 Spikel. ster at the base oval about 5 approxim. Fruit as long as the cal. ovato-acumin, convex on one side,
concave on the other, with a membranaceous margin bifid at the point
13081 Spike androg. comp. Spikel. 12 altern. ellipt. blunt approxim. male below, Stigms.2, Fr. ov. lanc. edg bicu
13082 Spike androgynous comp. Spikel. about 5 altern. ellipt. blunt somewhat approxim. male below,
Fruit ovate lanceolate edged bicuspidate
13083 Spike androgynous comp. Spikel. numer collected in 3s or 5s ovate clustered male above, Stigmas 2, Fruit
spreading ovate acuminate 2-toothed edged compressed
13084 Spikel. ster at their extremities thrice comp. collected into a cylind crowded spike, Fruit ovate acuminat.
convexo-plane acutang.-diverg. Stem very acute triang. Leaves rather broad
13085 Spike androg. comp. Spikel. about 5 obl. male above clust. Stigm. 2. Fr. spread. ov. acum. with 2 points nerv.
13086 Spikel. ster at their extremities crowded into a somewhat ovate head: lower ones with a leafy erect bractea
at their base, Fruit roundish ovate convex on one sideslightly concave on the other
13087 Spikel. ster at their extremities subcomp. collected into a rather long more or less interrupted spike, Fruit
convexo-plano ovato-acuminate acutangular divergent rough at the margin upward
13088 Spike ardrog. comp. Spikel. 4 altern. obl. male below somewhat
Stigmas 2, Fr. obl acutish compr.
13089 Spike long somew. decompound branched at the base: lower spikelets remote, Fruit erect smooth at edge
13090 Spikel. ster at base 3 or 4 dist. Frov. much attenuat. convexo-plane acutangul. divaricat. rough at margins
13091 Spike androg.comp. Spikel. about 4 remote male above, Stigm. 2, Fr. ov.acum. 2-tooth. horiz. ciliat. at base
13092 Spikes subternate remote sessile, Bractes long, Fruit bifid at end
13093 Spikel. ster. at base dist. Fruit longer than cal. obl.-ovate acuminate convexo-plane subacutang. obtuse at
the marg. the point bifid, Bract very narr reaching beyond the culm
*:
| 13076
" 13080
Italian painters after him, have put it into the hand of Christ as a sceptre, when he was saluted as a king in
mockery by Herod's soldiers. The plant appears to be a native of every part of the world, in ponds, ditches,
and by the sides of rivers and brooks.
1946. Sparganium. From ratyave", a band, in reference to the long ribbon-like leaves of the plants.
Sparganium ramosum is the commonest species: it has a strong creeping root, and soon fills up a ditch or
pond, if suffered to remain unmolested. It is common not only in Europe, but in Barbary, Siberia, and North
America.
1947. Carer. From the Latin carere, to want. The upper spikes of these plants are constantly without
seeds, consisting only of male flowers. This numerousI'" of plants grow mostly in wet swampy grounds,
3
4
CLAss XXL
MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.
776
13004 elongta W.
elongated
13095 curta W.
white
A un
my.jn Ap
jn
Ap
England mar. Sk co
Britain
pools. Sk co
Eng bot. 1920

Eng. bot. 1386
13096 foe'nea Jy.

13097 lolicea W.
13098 straminea W.
Mill, A un
fodder
ray-grass-like Mil. A un
slender-stalked ill A un
jn
jn
jn.jl
Ap
Ap
Ap
N. Amer. 1818. Sk co
Sweden
1810. Sk co
Sc.ca.t.P.p. fl04
13000 multiflra Jy.

13100 teretitiscula W.
13101 paradxa W.
13102 paniculta. W.
13103 apprssa R.Br.
many-flowered 4.
lesser panicled Jill
paradoxical
greater panicl.
close-spiked
1
2
1!
3
2
my.jn
myjn
my.jn
jn.jl
my...au
N. Amer. 1812. Skco Sc.ca. t. Lll.f.144

Britain bogs. Skco Eng bot. 1065
Austria
1823. Sk co Host gra.l. t. 57
England bogs. Sk co Eng. bot. 1064
N. S. W. 1802. Sk co
13104 bicolor Jy.

13105 atrta W.
two-colored
black
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
13106thuringiaca W.
Thuringian
Mk
Jill.
*i.
A un
13 my.jn Ap
1} jn.jl
Ap
M. Cenis 1810. Sk co
Britain
al.me. Sk co
Sca.t.Xxx.f.174
Sc. t.Aaaa..f 181
Eng. bot. 2044
un
11 my.jn Ap
Germany 1810. Sk co S.ca.t.P. pp.f.155
13107 Buxbatimii W.
Buxbaum's
Mik
un
1 myjn Ap
Sweden
1821. Sk co
13108 glaredsa W.
sandy
Jill
A.
un
1 my.jn Ap
Norway
1816. Sk co
13109 alba W.
18110 clandestina W.
white
un
Cul
un
un
Or
1 my.jn
Austria
1818. Sk co
* ap.my
#, myjn
England sun.ro. Sk co
England woods. Sk co
*my.jn
* apj
N. Amer. 1805. Sk co Sch, car.t.U.f70

N. Amer. 1809. Sks.p Bot mag. 1391
un
un
un
un
un
1
11
1
1"
l
Germany 1824. Sk co Sch.car. t.F. f. 29

Germany 1812. Sk co Sch. car. t.I. f.42
Britain dr.pa. Sk co Eng. bot. 1099
1 jn
#jn
# jn.jl
Britain
mar. Sk co
Eng. bot. 1295
mar. Sk co
Eng. bot. 1234
13111 digitta W.
13112 plantaginea W.
13113 Fraserina H. K.
13114
13115
I3116
13117
pilulifera W.
lucrum W. en.
collina JV.
cilita W.
13118 praecox W.
13119 tomentsa W.
dwarf silvery
fingered
broad-leaved
Fraser's
round-headed
rove
hill
ciliated
vernal
Sch.car. t.O.f55
Eng. bot. 2124
Eng. bot. 615
Eng. bot.885
England mea. Sk co Eng. bot. 2046

Britain seaco. Sk co Eng. bot. 833
Britain bogs. Sk co Eng. bot, 1294
England m.me. Sk co Eng. bot. 1773
13122 CEdri E. B.
OErder's
un
lun
un
un
13123 flva W.
tawny
un
13124 distans W.
loose
13.jn
Britain
13125 binervis Jy.

13126 saxtilis W.
green-ribbed
Britain
dr.he.
Greenland 1812.
Scotland scimo.
Austria 1822.
13120 extnsa W.
13121 flva W.
downy-fruited
long-bracted
yellow
Britain
hea. Sk co
apjn
apjn
ap.jn
ap.jn
ap
Sca. t.X.Gg.f.76
1. myjn
* jn.jl
Sk co
Sk co
Sk co
Sk co
rusty
2 jn
*jn
1 jl
l jl
13129 Mielichhferi W.
loose-spiked
1 jl.au
Scotland alroc. Sk co
Eng. bot. 2283
13130 umbrsa JV.
shady
13 my.jn
Austria
1810. Sk co
Sca.t.Uuu.f.165
13131 pilsa W.
13132 granulris W.
13133 panicea. W.
13134 conglobta W.
hairy
1 my.jn
11 jn.jl
my.jl
my.jl
1820. Skco
Britain moi.p. Skco
Hungary 1812. Sk co
Sch.car.t.M.f49
Sca. t-Vvv.f. 169
13127 p(illa W.
13128 ferruginea W.
rock
russet
rain-seeded
ink-leaved
clustered
Ap
Europe
Eng. bot. 1235

S.ca.t.I.&Tt.f40
Eng. bot. 2045

Sch.car. t.M.f.48
Eng: bot. 1505
13097
in, bogs, fens, marshes, or in moist woods, where they a very coarse grass scarcely touched by cattle.
With the exception of two or three species, they are o little use or beauty. Some unfortunately situated
husbandmen have recourse to them as cattle fodder, or as thatch or fuel.
In Kent, the leaves of the larger
ORDER III.
MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.
777
13094 Spikes numerous obl. remotish naked, Fruit acuminate bifid recurved many-nerved longer than glumes
13095 Spikel. ster. at base about 5 rather dist. ellipt. Bracteas very minute, Caps broadly ov. acum. conv., on one
side and nearly plane on the other subobtusang. with 2 teeth at the extremity
13096 Spike androg. comp. Spikelets about 4 male below and close together, Fruit ovate acumin. edged 2-tooth.
13, 97 Spike androg. comp. Spikel. about 4 male below and close together, Stigmas 2, Fruitelliptical blunt nerved
13098 Spike androg. comp. Spikel. about 5 roundish male below somew. approximated, Stigm. 2, Fr. round. ovate
beaked 2-toothed ciliated at edge
* 4. Spikelets panicled.
13099 Spikes androg. narrow. panicl. male above obl. blunt, Stig. 2, Fr. ov. acum. with 2 points, Scales ov. mucron.
1.3100 Spike supradecompound contracted acutish, Spikelets clustered, Fruit spreading gibbous, Culm roundish
13101 Spikes androg. narr. panic. male above, Low. branch. remote, Stig. 2 round. ov. beak. 2-tooth. cil. ser, at base
13102 Spikel. ster at extrem. thrice comp. and collect into a panic spike, Fr. broad. ov. acum. gib. on both sides
13103 Spike decomp. longish, Scales acute, Fruit ovate plano-convex nerved on each side
* 5. Spikelets racemose..
13104 Spikes androg. in threes stalked terminal male below erect, Stigmas 2, Fr. obov. blunt, Scales ov. obtuse
13105 Fertile spikes pedunculated ovate pendulous: the terminal one with sterile flowers at the base, Fruit
roundish ovate depressed with a short beak bifid at the point
$ 3. Terminal spikes male: the others androgynous.
13106 Male spike solitary stalked; androg. male above about 5 ellipt remote sessile with a leafy bract, Stigm. 3,
Fruit roundish 3-cornered downy
$4. Terminal spike androgynous: the others female.
13107 Spike androg. pedunc. obov. male below: female about 3 remote somewhat stalked, Stigm. 3. Fr. ellipt.
3-cornered blunt slightly 2-toothed
13108 Spike androg. pedunc. obl: male below: female 2 sessile close obl. Stigm. 2, Fr. oblong narrowed with
an undivided mouth as long as ovate scale
* 5. Spikes of distinct seres.
* 1. Male solitary: female sessile and subsessile.
+ 1. Scape sheathed, with membranous bractes.
13100 Male spike solit stalk: fem-twin stalk about 5-fl. Stigm-3, Fr. obov-glob, furrow, beak, obliq, truncate
13110 Bractes membran, nearly leafless sheath. Fem. spikes remote few-fl. included in sheath, Lvs. channelled
13111 Bractes membranous nearly leafless sheathing, Spikes linear lax erect: male shorter, leaves flat
13112 Malespikesol stalk. : fem-4 dist stalk. Stig. 3. Fr. ellipt. 3-corner stalk-smith, short than obov; cusp. scale
13113 Leaves oblong lanceolate with a white scarious margin, Heads oblong, Scape not longer than leaves
+2. Culm leafy.
13114 Fertile spikes sess roundish approxim. Scales mucron. ''r. obov.-glob. acute pubesc, Culms weak scabrous
13115 Femalespikes 2-3 ellipt sess supported by a foliaceous bract, Fruit somewhat downy with a long beak
13116 Malespike solit.: femi-about 2 close ellipt sess.
3, Fr. obl with a shortbeak downy as long as ov, scale
15117 Malespike solit.: fem, about 2 close obl. sess. Stig. 3. Fr. roundish-obov-downy larg. than obl. blunt scale
13118 sheaths short scarcely any equal to the flower-stalks, Fertile spikes oblong approximate, Scaleselliptico
oblong, Fruit obovate subtriquetrous acute pubescent
13119 Sheaths very short, Female spikes subsessile cylindrical blunt, Glumes elliptical acute, Fruit downy
13120 Fertile spikes subsess obl. Fr. ov. scarcely beaked striated bifid at point, Lvs. very narrow, Culm glabrous
13121 Bracteas long foliaceous, Fert spikes roundish oval, Fr. obov. with along recurved beak bifid at the point
13122. Sheaths and peduncles very short, Female spikes roundish, Fruit spreading on each side globose, Beak
straight, Culm smooth
13123 Bracteas foliaceous, Spikes oblongo-ov distant rotundo-ov.inflated rostrate bifidat point, Culm scabrous
* 2. Male spike solitary: upper female sessile and subsessile; lower stalked.
13124 Fertile spikes oblong erect, Scales mucronate, Fruit ovate somewhat inflated subtriquetrous depressed
with rather a short beak bifid at the point
13125 sheaths long shorter than peduncle, Spikes
remote somewhat compound,
Fruit 2-nerved
15126. Male spike solit.: female twin, lower stalked obl. Stigmas 2, Fruitellipt blunt as long as blunt scale
15127 Fertile spikes ov.: the lower one pedunculated, Scales obl. Fruitsubglob. apiculate with a short bifid beak
13128 Male spike solitary: female 3 distant; two lower stalked, Stigmas 3, Fr. oblong compressed 3-cornered
hispid at edge, Mouth membranous 2-lobed
13,29 Fertile spikes 1-3 somewhat drooping, Fruit scarcely longer than the scale lax especially the lower ones
ovate with a short beak bifid at the point
13130 Malespike solobov.: female about3close; 2 lower on longstalks, Stigmas 3, Fruit compress, obov.downy
beaked 2-toothed at end
13131 Male spike sol: female about 3 distant; two lower remote, Stig. 3, Fr. ov.beaked with a membran, mouth
13132. Malespikesol.: fem.3.rem.: two lower stalked, Stigmas 3, Fr. glob. ovate nerved ventric shortly beaked
15133. Fert, spikes subcylind, with dist fis. Bract, foliaceous, Fr. subglob, somew inflated obt, glab entire at point
13134 Malespike sol.: female about 4 remote; lower on alongstalk, the stalks of the others enclosed, Stigm. 3,
Fr. globose shining with a short beak 2-toothed at end
13124
1312.2
scies are used for tying the vines of hops to the poles; in Italy they are put between
to make them over Florence flasks, or
the staves of wine
in chair bottoms. The Laplander combs and dresses

some species of sedge, as we do flax, and in winter stuffs his shoes and gloves with it, as a defence against the
------ - - -- -
- --
778
MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.
13135 rostrta W.
beaked
* A un
1 myjl
1313.6 mitida W.
glossy
two-edged
Alpine
* A un
1 myjn Ap
* A un 1 jlau Ap
* A un *my.jn Ap
13137 nceps W.
13138 alpstris W.
13139 caespitsa W.
Ap
CLAss XXI.
Sica.t. Hhh..f. 134
Austria
Host. gra. 1. tT1
1805. Sk co
N. Amer. 1805. Sk co Sc.ca. t. Fiff.128

Europe 1804. Sk co Sch.car. t.G.f35
tufted bog
* A un 13 my.jn Ap
straight-leaved at a un
ap.my Ap
Britain
bogs. Sk co
13140 stricta Jy.
Britain
mar. Sk co Eng bot 914
13141 pndula W.
13142 rigida W.
great-pendulous". A un 4 myjn Ap
rigid
All A un *.jn.jl
Ap
Britain
Britain
woods. Sk co
moun. Sk co
sc-mo. Sk co Eng bot. 2069
ry
Eng bot. 1507

Eng bot. 2315
Eng bot. 2047
* A un
* jLau
Ap
Britain
13145ustulta W.
13146 rariflra E. B.
pale
* a un
scorch. Alpine M. a un
loose-flowered in a un
1 apjn
*.jn.jl
* jn
Ap
Ap
Ap
Britain moi.p. Sk co
Scotland alriv. Sk co
Scotland scal. Sk co
13147 limsa W.
green and gold M. A un
12 jn
Ap
Britain
sp.bo. Sk co Eng bot. 2043
Ap
Britain
mar. Sk co Eng, bot. 242
13143 capillris W.
13144 pallscens W.
13148 Pseudo-Cyprus W. Bastard Cyperusal. A un 3 jn.jl

13150 sylvtica E. B.
13151 jncea W. en.
13152 strigsa W.
*
wood
*
rushy
*
loose pendulous".
13153 recorva W.
13154 natans W.
13155 acuminta W.
glaucous Heathill. A un 1 my.jn Ap

nodding
* A un 2 jn.jl
Ap
acuminated
Mk a un 13 jn.jl
Ap
Austria 1815. Sk co Host. gra.l. t.8
13156 filifrmis W.
13157 aquatilis W.
slender-leaved " A un 2.jn.jl
Ap
Britain
Mil a un
slender-spiked Mk a un
14 jn.jl
Ap
Istria
1818. Sk co
Sk co
Lapland 1813. Sk co
my.jn Ap
Britain wat.pl. Sk co
Eng bot. 580
lesser common
great common
short-spiked
slender-beaked
2 my.jn
2 ap.jn
2 my.jn
2 myjn
2 myjn
2 jnji
2 my.jn
3 myjn
13 jnji
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Britain riv.ba. Sk co
Britain mar. Sk co
Britain bogs. Sk co
Austria 1834. Sk co
France 1805, Sk co
Britain bogs. Sk co
Eng bot. 807

Eng bot. 579
Eng bot. T9
Eng bot. 780.
Schk cart:5 f65
Sica. t. Ddd fiel
Eng bot 685
Eng bot; 1387
Sc.cat Eeef 125
jn
Ap
Norway
Ap
Britain
... Sk co Mig.62 t 32.f12
N. Amer. 1811. Sk co Sca.t.Uuu.f.166
13140 flexusa W.
13158 acuita W.
13159 paludsa W.
13160 ripria W.
13161 vesicria W.
13162 ampullcea W.
13163 secalina W.
13164 hordeifrmis W.
13165 hirta JV.
13166 laevigta W.
13167 crinita W.
13168 salina W.
bending
A
A
A
A
un 2 jn.jl
Ap
un 3 myjn Ap
un 2 my.jn Ap
un 2 ap.my Ap
Eng. bot. 2185

Eng.bot. 2404
Eng-bot. 2516
water
in
xi.
M.
*
rye-like
*
Barley-formed *
hairy
*
smooth-stalked in
haired
M.
A
A
A
ZX
A
ZX
ZX
Z\
A
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
All a un
salt-marsh
13169 ambleocrpa W
short-fruited
13170 bullta JV.
blistered
a ZX un 13 jn.jl
* A un 13 jn
Ap
Cyperaceae.
* A un *.jl
Ap
1948. COBRESIA. W.
ConnesiA.
sedge-like
1949. UNCINIA. Rich. UNCINia.
13172 phleoides Rich.
Cat's-tail-like *. A un
13171 caricina W.
1950. ZEA. W.
INDIAN CoRN.
aceae.
13175 Lchryma W.
13176 agrstis W.
13139
Job's Tears.
Sca. t. Ddd-fl24
Eng. bot. 995
England hea.
Eng bot. 1506
...
Sk co
Eng bot. 994
Host gra. 1..t.97

Eng.bot. 904
Skco
*: 1.
Switzerl. 1820. Sk co Sc.ca.t.Rrr fiel
Sp 1-4.
1 jl
Ap
Amer. 1821. Sk co Cav.ic. t.464 f1
Gramineae. Sp.2.
-
13173 Mays W. "

Common
* O ag 2 jn.jl
13174 Curaga Mol. Valparaiso Cross-corns. O ag 1 jn.jl
1951. COIX. W.
Britain woods. Sk co
England woods. Skco
Ap
Ap
Gramineae.
America 1562. S rim Lam, ill. t. 749

Chili
1824. S. r.m.
Sp. 2-4.
* ZN cu 2 jnji
Ap
E Indies 1596 S lip Bot mag #79
round-fruited an Ajcu. 2 jnji

13140/
Ap
E. Indies 1812. S 1 p Ru.am.6 to f1

131444
Common
1315.2
13150 /
extreme rigour of his climate. C. remota is a very elegant plant. C. paniculata grows in bogs in immense
tufts, making a firm support for the heaviest bodies. C. Fraseri is the handsomest species of the genus:
resembling
a short
flower,
the by
Liliaceae.
C. ripariato
hasbind
leaves
halfwine
an inch
wide,
from one toat
three
feetdistance
long; inwhen
Italyinthe
leavesone
areofused
the glass-makers
their
flasks;
by and
the
chair-makers to bottom chairs; and by the coopers to place in the junctures in the heads of casks, in the same
*anner, as the leaves of the Typha are used in the same country, and the stalks of Scirpus lacustris in
gland. C. arenaria increases rapidly in loose sand, and is sometimes planted with a view of fixing soils of
th:*::::tion, along with Elymus and Arundo.
h * Cobresia. Named by Willdenow, after a German nobleman of the name of De Kobres, who is said to
*been a great promoter of natural history. The plants resemble Carex.
-
--~~~~
-
ORDER III.
MONOEC1A TRIAN DRIA.
779
13135 Malespike sol. Scales obl., with very long beaks: female cylind. 2; stalk of the lower exserted, Stigm. 3, Fr.
ovate inflated 5-nerved beaked
13136 Male spike sol.: fem. 2 obl. close; low. stalk. Stigm. 3, Fr. ellipt glob. shin. bifid at end larg. than ov. scale
13137 Male spike sol.: fem. 3-rem.; lower stalk. Stigm 3, Fr. ov. nerv, memb, at mouth long. than mucron, scale
13138 Malespike sol.: fem. 3 few-fl. 2 close sessile; lower rad. on a very long stalk, Stigm. 3, Fr. obov. obli 3-cor
nered with a very short beak
13139 Sheaths none, Bracteas foliaceous auric. at base, Spikes sess obl. or subcylind obt. Fruit broadly elliptical
13140 Fertile spikes nearly sessile cylindric. filif acumin. Fr. ovate somewhat acute plane above on each side,
Culm acutely angular straight
13141 Fert spikes cylind very long droop. Fr. ov, short acum bifat extremity closely imbricated, Leaves broad
13142 Digynous, Sheaths none, Spikes ovate: upper sessile, Leaves somewhat recurved rigid, Fruit compressed
-
*3. Male spike solitary, female all stalked

13143 Fert-spikes few-fl. lax drooping, Fr. as long as ovate membranac. decid scales oblongo-ovate acuminate
1314.4 Fert spikes pedunculated oblongo-cylind subpendul. Bract subfoliac. Fruit ov-ellipt, tumid obt, glabrous
13145. Sheaths elongated shorter than the flower-stalk, Fruit elliptical ovate beaked (black) bifid at the point
13146 Fert, spikes narrow obl, very few-fl. lax pendul. Bract subsetaceous, Scales acute longer and broader than
the fruit, Fruit ovate somewhat acumin, striated
1314.7 Fert spikes oblongo-ovate pendulous, Bracteas subsetaceous, Scales acute as long as the fruit, Fruitellipt.
rotundate striated shortly mucronate
13148. Fertile spikes upon long footstalks cylind. pendul. Bract very leafy, Scales setaceous, Fruit oblong very
much acuminate cloven at the tips striated
13149 Male spike sol.: fem: about 4 remote filiform stalked cernuous, Stigm. 3, Fr. dist altern, obl. beaked bifid
13150-Fert spikes filif rather slender slightly drooping, Fr. broadly ov, much acumin cleft at point, Lvs. narrow
13151 Male spike solit.: fem: usually twin stalk filif Stigm-3, Fr. lanc. hisp. scabr 2-toothed long than obli scale
13152 Fert spikes slend, filif nearly erect, Fruit ov-lanc. nerved slightly recurv. loose imbric. Lvs. rather broad
*4. Male spikes more than one."
15153. Fertile spikes subcylindrical drooping, Fruit obovato-globose obtuse rather downy entire at the point
isis, Malespikes twin: fem: twin obl sess rem. Stigm-3, Fr. ov. nerved forked ventric larg. thanov, lanc. scale
13155. Malespikes 3; fem: twin on short stalks nodd-cylind. Stigmas 3, Fr. ellipt ventricose with a shortent beak
13156 Fert spikes short.

oblongo-cylind, their cal. subcusp. Fr. ov, short-beak. bifat point very pubes.
13157 Lvs. subsessile sublin. thickened, Stigmas 2, Fr. ellipt with shortbeak ent at end as long as rounded scales
13158 Fert spikes long cylind acum. slendererect when infruit, Fr. oval swelling subacum entireat point, Culm
acutely angular scabrous
13159 Scal of sterile spike obtuse, Fertile spikes cylind obtuse, Fruit oblongo-ovate acute bifid at point striated
isied Foliaceous, Scal of sterile spike acum. Fertile spikes scarcely peduncul, broadly cylindrical acute, Fruit
ovate subacum. bifid at the point
13161 Fert spikes cylind, slightly droop. Scal lanc. Fr. broadly ovate inflat subulato-rostrate deeply bifidat point
13162 Fert spikes cylind.
: near erect, Scal
lanc. Fr. crowd subglob. inflat setaceo-rost slightly bifat point
13153 Malespikes 2% female 3 obl, remote subsessile, Stigmas 3, Fr. obl. compr rostr. bifid ciliate serrat at edge
13164. Male spikes 2: female3 obl. remote subsessile; lower subrad. Stigmas 3, Frovate comp. 2-toothed hairy
13155 Bracteas long foliac. Fertile spikes short cylind distant their scal cuspidate, Fr. ov, with long beak hairy
13166 Fert, spikesdroop cylind all the scal acum, or mucr: Frov triang with rather long acum beak bifat point
15167 Malespikes twin: fem, 4 dist, stalk, pendul cylind. Stigm 2, Fr. round ellipt ventric, with very short beak
13168 Malespikes 2: fem: 2 rem, on very longstalks erect obl. Stigm. 2, Fruit ellipt with short beaks ent at end
13169 Malespikes about 4: female 2 erect stalked cylind Stigmas 3, Fr. obov. obt-shorter than obl, blunt scale
13170 Malespikes 3: female2 cylindr. stalked erect, Stigm. 3, Fr. ov. glob, beaked with 2 forks, Beaks hispid
13171 Spikes 3 or 4 alternate male above
13172 Fruit oblong 3-cornered smooth at edge
15173 Leaves entire
13174 Leaves serrated
13175 Culm half round at top and obtuse, Flowersnaked, Fruit ovate
13176 Culm round, Flowers naked, Fruit nearly round
* 13166
1949. Uncinia. So called from 0%xas, a hook, in allusion to the hooked awn, which in the fruit becomes
hardened. Plants with the habit of Carex.
1950. Zea. The Greek name of corn of some kind. It is derived from 2a, to live, and applied to this
nutritive plant with propriety. The word Maize is the denomination of the vegetable among the South
Americans
Zea Curagua is the curious Valparaiso corn, to which a sort of religious reputation is attached, on
account of the grains, when roasted, splitting regularly into the form of a cross. Of ' well known lndian
corn, Z. Mays, there are numerous varieties, some of which are sufficiently hardy to thrive in this climate.
1951. Coir. A name used by Theophrastus to designate a kind of grass. C. Lachryma, commonly called
Job's tears, derives its name from the appearance of its shining pearly fruit, which, when suspended on its
resembles in no inconsiderable degree a falling tear. Tropical grasses, which flower and seed
plentifully in rich light soil.
slender
78O
MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.
*1952. TRIPSACUM. W. TripsacuM.

13177 dactyloides W.
rough-seoded
13178 monostchyon W. single-spiked
Gramineae.
ill. A un 4 au
ill. A un 2 au
$13179 hermaphroditum W. hermaphrodite [O]un 2 au.s

1953. HETEROPOGON. Rich.
smooth
HeteropogoN.
13180 glber Rich.
1954. OLY/RA. W.
13181 paniculta W.
Ap
Ap
Ap
Gramineae.
All A un 2 au
OLYRA.
Ap
Gramineae.
broad-leaved
M. Z\] un
Ap
3 jl
CLAss XXI.
Sp. 3-4.
Virginia 1640. D. p.1 Lam. ill. t. 750

N. Amer. 1813 D p.1 W. hort.ber.t.l
Jamaica 1776. D. p.l

Sp. 1-2.
All ped. t.91.f4
Sp. 1-4.
W. Indies 1783. Sk sp Sl. jam. 1.t.64.[2
TETRANDRIA.
ALDER.
1955. ALNUS. W.
13182 glutinsa W.
laciniata
13183 oblongta W.
A elliptica
13184 incna W.
g angulta
1318.5 undulta W.
13186 serrulta W.
13187 cordifolia Ten.
1956. BETUL.A. W.
13188 alba Jy.
13189 pen'dula Roth.

13190 populiflia W.
13191 exclsa W.
1319.2 darica JV.
13193 nigra W.
ec
or
or
or
or
or
or
Common
cut-leaved
oblong-leaved
elliptic-leaved
hoary-leaved
Elm-leaved
curl-leaved
notch-leaved
heart-leaved
25
25
20
20
20
20
20
or 20
Common
weeping
Poplar-leaved
tal
Daurian
red
13194 lanulsa Mich.
woolly
13195 papyrcea W.
paper
so
Sp. 6-9.
mr.ap
mr.ap
jl
jl
jn
jn
my.jn
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
wat.pl.
Britain
...
S. Europe 1730.
.....
...
Europe 1780.
...
N. Amer. 1782.
mr
Ap
N. Amer. 1769. L lip Abb.ins. 2. t. 92
or 20 my.jn Ap
Binch.
13196 lnta W.
Amentaceae.
tm
or
or
tm
tm
40
40
30
60
30
Naples
L. m.s Eng. bot. 1508

L. m.s. Willd. arb.44
L. m.s
L. m.s
L. 1.p
Llp
L 1.p
1818. L co
Amentaceae. Sp. 15-19.

apjn Ap Britain moi.w.
apjn Ap Britain woods.
jl
Ap N. Amer. 1750.
my
Ap N. Amer. 1767.
jl
Ap Siberia
1786.
S co
S co
Eng bot. 2198
L. co Mich. arh 2 t?
S co
L co
Dend brit: 95
Pall. ross. 1. t.39
tm 60 jLau
Ap
N. Amer. 17:6. I. co Dend brit 153
tm 70 jl.au
tm 50 jn
tm 50 jl
Ap
N. Amer. 1817. L co
Ap
Ap
N. Amer. 1750. L. co Willd arbit.2f1

N. Amer. 1759. L. co Dend, brit 144
cu
or
or
or
or
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Scotland moi.h.
N. Amer. 1762.
Turkey
...
Hungary 1820.
Siberia 1818.
carpinifolia Ehr.
13197 nna W.
smooth-dwarf #
13198 pumila W.
13199 pntica Hort.
hairy-dwarf
13200 ovta W.
13.201 fruticsa W.
13202 pubscens Ehr.
t1957. BUX US. W.

13203 balerica W.
Pontic
ovate
shrubby
pubescent
Box Tree.
Minorca
8 angustiflia
*
*
narrow-leaved a
7 suffruticsa
dwarf
13205 chinnsis Link
common
*L
Chinese
13178
8
6
15
6
my
ap.my
ap.my
ap.my
12 ap.my Ap
- or 30 ap.my Ap Germany 1812.

Euphorbiaceae...Sp. 3.
or 8 jl
Y.G
Minorca 1780.
or 8 ap
Y.G England ch.hil.
or 8 ap
Y.g
...
-
or
* L or
...
3 n
13180
Y.G
Y.G
China
A.
L.
L.
L.
L.
L.
co
s.p
s.p
co
co
Eng bot, 2326

Jac. vind 2 til?
Dend brit.
Dend brit. $6
Dend brit. 97
L. co
C co
C co
Eng bot. 1341
C co
...
Sk co
1802. C co
13181
13182."
1952. Tripsacum. So called by Linnaeus, from , to bruise or crush, in allusion to the purpose to which
its grain may be applied. Forage grasses of the West Indies.
1953. Heteropogon.
From iriser, various, and razan, a beard; in allusion to the various kinds of awns with
which the flowers are furnished.
1954. Olyra. A name under which Homer speaks of a grain which was used as the food of horses, and
which has been thought analogous to Barley. The plant now so called is a native of America, and has no
resemblance to that of the ancients.
1955. Alnus. From the Celtic word al, near, and lan, the edge of a river, in reference to the places where
the species grow. A. glutinosa, Aulne, Fr., Etter, Ger., and Alno, Ital., is a well known timber tree, which will
grow in marshy situations. The timber is applied to a variety of purposes, and in general for all works in
tended to be constantly under water, for turnery and furniture. The bark is used by dyers and tanners; the
sap being of a yellow color and very astringent. There is a variety with cut leaves sold by the nurserymen as
an ornamental tree, though it is more curious than showy.
1956. Betula... Betu is the Celtic word for the Birch. Bouleau, Fr., Birchenbaum, Ger, and Betulla, Ital
B. pendula is the most graceful tree of the genus; it grows both in mountainous situations and bogs,
from Lapland to the subalpine parts of Italy and Asia. B. icnta, the mahogany birch, mountain mahogany,
* Cherry birch,of Canada, abounds in the middle states of Pennsylvania, New York, and the Jerseys; but dis
altogether in the higher latitudes of the northern states. It is thought a very fit tree for planting in
* of the mountainous districts of Britain its growth is rapid, and the timber is close grained,
beautifully variegated, and well adapted for cabinet work. The leaves, which appear early in spring, possess
Oabra III.
MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.
78.1
13177 Spikes 3 clustered: male above; female below

13178 Spike solitary: male above; female below
13179 Spike solitary hermaphrodite flexuose, Spikelets somewhat distant
13180 Culm nearly simple, Sheath of leaves bearded at edge, Spike smooth
1318i Culmbranched, Panicle terminal
TETRANDRIA.
13182 Lvs. roundish cuneiform obt, lobed at margin and serrat somew, glutin downyin axils of veins beneath
8 Leaves oblong pinnatifid, Segments cut
13183 Leaves oblong bluntish glutinous, Axils of the veins naked
& Leaves elliptical
13184 Leaves oblong acute downy beneath, Axils of the veins naked, Stipules lanceolate
a Leaves green beneath, Petioles green
1518.5 Lvs. obl acute rounded at base, Petioles and veins hairy beneath, Axils of veins naked, Stipules ov-obl.
isiso Leaves obovate acuminate, Veins and axils of veins beneath hairy, Stipules elliptical blunt
13187 Leaves cordate acuminate entirelucid above
13188 Leaves ovato-deltoid acute doubly serrated glabrous
isiso leaves ovate acuminate cut serrate smooth, Branches scabrous pendulous
smooth
1stoo Lvs. delt. with long points unequal serrat. Quite smooth, Scales of cones with lat-lobes roundish, Petioles
ision Leaves ovate acute serrated, Scales of cones with lat-lobes rounded, Petioles downy shorter than pedunc.
ision Leaves ovate narr at base ent, unequally toothed smooth, Scales of cones ciliated: lateral lobes rounded
1319.3 Lvs. rhomb. ov. doubly serr, acute downy beneath entire at base, Scales of conesvill with lin. uneq lobes
isios Leaves deltoid ovate small, Scales of female catkin densely woolly on the outside
isios Leaves ovate acuminate doubly serrate, Veins hairy beneath
15196Leaves cordate-ovate finely serrated acuminate, Scales of cones with blunt equal lobes and elevated veins
13,197 Leaves orbicular crenate
1stos leaves orbicular obovate serrated beneath with the branches downy, Female catkins cylindrical
15199 Petioledowny, Leaves rhomboid cut-toothed obtusenearly smooth with tufts of hair in the axillaebeneath
132nd Lvs. ovate doubly serr, smooth, Fem. peduncles branched, Scales of cones with equal trunc nerved lobes
13.201 Leaves roundish ovate nearly equally serrate smooth, Female catkins oblong
isedelvs. deltoid acute subcord doubly serr. beneath with branches pubesc, Scales of cones with lateral lobes
[rounded
15203 Leaves oblong, Petioles smooth, Anthers sagittate linear
13204 Leaves ovate, Petioles hairy at edge, Anthers ovate sagittate
13205 Leaves opposite oblong: younger downy old ones smooth, Fl. axillary solitary
a
peculiar fragrance,
which
they retain
being dried in a stove, affording by infusion an agreeable diluent,
superior
of the
teas ofafter
populifolia and papyracea are elegant rapid growing trees, well deserving cult
the species are ornamental, and more or less fragrant; and B. pumila and
#
the Betula Papyracea the North American Indians construct their large portable canoes, from which circums
stance that species is known by the name of cance birch. Betula lenta is the most interesting of the genus
: of its wood. It is known by the names of mountain mahogany, black
#: , and sweet birch. This last appellation it has from the sweet scent the branchlets give when
,
-
1957. Purus. An alteration of ruer, its Greek name.
B. sempervirens, Buis
Bosso, Ital, is one of the most useful of evergreen shrubs; of the dwarf
:
the walled gardens of Europe; and what is called the tree box is not less valuable as an evergreen shrut
which will grow under the shade and drip of trees. The box is a native of most parts of Eur
#: *
Britain southwards, and is very abundant in different parts of France and Switzerland it *''' ":
countries of Asia, as about Mount Caucacus, in Persia, China, Cochin China, and America. It Was :
very common in England, but has gradually disappeared as agriculture extended. Box-hillin surre
in Kent,
in Gloucestershire,
their very
abounding
in this
tree.and
The
#.e
pox
tree isand
of Boxwell
considerable
value. It. is soldare
by named
weight,from
and being
hard and
smooth,
not,
apt toof
War
is very well adapted to a variety of nicer works. It is as extensively employed now as it appear. : have be P,
in the days of Evelyn, for the turner, engraver, carver, mathematical instrument maker, comb and :
-- -
z ----- ~~~
1958. CIC/CA. W.
13206 disticha Jy.
long-leaved
1959. MO'RUS. W.
13207 lba Jy.
13208 tatrica W.
Mulberry.
white
Tartarian
13209 nigra W.
13210 rubra W.
13211 tinctria W.
Common
Cicca.
* D fr
clt
or
fr
or
red
Fustick-wood
1960 BCEHMERIA. W.
Boeh Meria.
Sy
*
branch-flower. *
side-flowering Sy.
1961. PI/LEA. Lindl.

13216 muscsa Lindl.
small-leaved
13218 balerica W.
13219 convxa Hort.
13220 Dodrtii W.
cylindrical
tree
PileA.
Nettle.
Roman
Balearic
convex
13222 involucrta B.M.
Dodart's
dwarf
involucred
13223 grandiflia W.
great leaved
13:21 p.mila W.
--
- -
CLAss XXI.
Euphorbiaceae.
1.
10 ...
G
E. Indies 1796 C p.l Jac.schoe.2t.1%
30
20
30
10
R D or 20
13213 rubescens W.
13214 ramiflra W.
13215 lateriflra W.
1962. URT1*C.A. py.

13217 pilulifera W.
"
MONOECIA TETRANDRIA.
782
13212 cylindrica W.
"
Urticeae. Sp. 5-7.

jn
Ap China
jn
Ap Tartary
jn
Ap
Italy
jn.jl
Ap N. Amer.
...
Ap
1596. L co
1784. L. co
Schkhan 3.t:30
Pall. ros. 2. t. 52
1548
Dend brit. 159
L co
1629. L. r.m
W. Indies 1739. C. r.m. Plum. ic.t. 204
Urticeae. Sp. 4-13.

A un 4 jn.au G
Virginia 1759. Sks.p Slojam.1.t.82.f2
L or 10 finny G
Canaries 1779. C. s.p Jac. frag. t 5. f. I
Dun 8 fmy G
Jamaica 1823. C. co Jacq. amer.t. 157
A un 1} f my G
Urticeae. Sp. 1-3.

$n DZ\l prlap.my G
W. Indies 1793. C co
O w
Ow
O w
O w
Ow
* D un
n-D un
Urticeae. Sp. 3267.

1* in.au G
England rub. S co
jn.jl
G
Balearici. 1733. S co
* jn.jl
G
..... .
1824. S co
1} ji.au
G
# jl.au
G
N. Amer. ...
S co
1 jLau
G
W. Indies 1821. C co
3 jl.au
G
Jamaica 1793. C co
''
Lind coll. 4.
Eng.: bot. 148
Blackw. t.321.fl.
2481
Slojam.1 t.

flute maker; and the roots for the inlayer, and cabinet maker. Of box are made wheels and shivers, pins,
pegs for musical instruments, nut-crackers, button-moulds, weavers' shuttles, hollar-sticks, bump-sticks, and
dressers for the shoemaker, rulers, rolling-pins, pestles, mall-balls, beetles, tops, tables, chessmen, screws,
bobbins for bone-lace, spoons, knife-handles, but
ially combs.
The English wood is esteemed inferior to that which comes from the Levant, and the American box is said
to be preferable to ours, for most purposes; but the English is superior for the purpose of the engraver.
The ancients made combs of box, and musical instruments to be played upon by the mouth The Romans
likewise clipped it into form, for which nothing, says Pliny, is more fit. And Martial mentions clipped box trees
in the gardens at Bassus's country-house.
The tree box was second to the yew with us in former times for the purpose of being clipped into the shape of
animals, &c.; but the dwarf box stood unrivalled for bordering up a knot, and was esteemed a marvellous
fine ornament to the flower garden.
The branches were in request among our ancestors for decking up houses; they are still seen amopg other
evergreens in churches at Christmas, and in some countries they are borne by attendants at funerals.
Box has been much celebrated as a medicine in the venereal disease, colicks, intermittent fevers, and even
madness. According to Dr. Blaine, it is the principal ingredient in Well's Watford Drink, which is given as a
preventive to canine madness.
Pliny affirms, that no animal will touch the seed of box. , Gmelin relates, that the branches are fatal to the
camels that eat them. None of our animals seem to touch this tree. Corsican honey was supposed by the
ancients to owe its infamy to the bees feeding on the box.
1958. Cicca. A word of unknown meaning. Cicca disticha thrives in light loamy soil, and is increased
by cuttings with their leaves on, planted in sand, and covered with a hand-glass.
1959. Morus. Mosta was the Greek name of the Mulberry; it is derived from the Celtic mor, which
signifies black. Murier, Fr., Maulbeerbaum, Ger., and Moro, Ital M. alba is commonly cultivated in France
and other countries for its leaves, to feed silk-worms; though in some parts of Spain and in Persia they are
said to prefer the black mulberry. In China, it appears that both sorts are grown for the same purpose. The
most valuable variety of M. alba is one grown in Italy, and especially in Lombardy, with vigorous shoots, and
much larger leaves than the other. A number of plants of this variety have been lately imported for the
surpose of making a plantation in the south of Ireland, with a view to try the growth of silk in that country.
' France the white mulberry is grown as pollard elms are in England; in Lombardy it is grown exactly
in the same way as we grow willows for baskets, and in similar : in China it is also grown in moist loamy
soil, and both there and in the East Indies as low bushes, and the plantation rooted up and renewed every three
or four years. In '. parts of the continent, when the leaves are wanted for the worms, they are stript off
the young shoots, which are left naked on the tree; in other places the shoots are cut off, which is not so
injurious to the tree, while the points of the shoots, as well as the leaves, are eaten by the worms. The plants
are sometimes raised by seed, but more commonly by layers; the Italian variety is frequently grafted on :
stocks of the common sort, in order to preserve it from degenerating.
In the East Indies, the plants are rai
from cuttings, three or four of which are placed together where they are finally to remain. (Encyc qf Agr. 884.,
The fruit of the white mulberry is white, and less acid than that of the black species.
M. nigra is naturally a stronger tree than the other; the fruit is of a dark blackish red, and of an agreeable
*tic and acid flavor. It has a place in the Materia Medica, as cooling and laxative, allaying thirst, and
being grateful in febrile diseases. Young trees, like most others of the Monaecious class, often produce
Oaper IV.
783
13206 Leaflets oblong, Racemes lateral

13207 Leaves
ly cordate unequal at the base ovatelobed unequally serrated smoothish
1328 Leaves slightly cordate equalat base ovate oriobed equally serrated smooth
1209 Leaves cordate ovate or lobed unequally toothed scabrous
13210 Leaves cordate ovate acuminate or 3-lobed equally serrate scabrous soft beneath, Fem. spikes cylindrical
13211 Leaves oblong unequal at base, Spines axillary solitary
13212 Leaves opp. ovate-oblacum, toothed smooth, Fl. dioecious, Malespikesclust interrupt.: fem, cylindrical
1213 Lvs. altern obl narrow, at each endentire, Spikes axill clustered interruptedly branched, Branches hairy
13214 Lvs. altern broadly lanc. acum serrated rugose, Fl. cluster axill and lateral monoecious, Maless-androus
13215 Lvs. altern. ovate-lanceolate acuminate serrated scabrous, Fl. clustered lateral, Stem herbaceous
-
13216 leaves ovate acute entire, Stem simple ascending

13217 Leaves opposite ovate orsomewhat heart-shaped deeply serrated, Heads of fruit globose
13218 Leaves opposite cordateserrate, Fruit-bearing catkins globose
13219 Leaves opposite entire convex oblong, Fruit-bearing catkins globose
13220 Leaves opposite ovate nearly entire, Heads of fruit globose
1321 Leaves opp. ovate blunt-pointed 3-ribbed serrated, Fl-stalks somewhat corymbose shorter than footstalks
132 Leaves opposite ovate rugose obtuse, Flower-stalks in the axillae of the upper leaves
1323 Leaves opposite ovate pointed copiously serrated, Stipulasellipticalentireglauc. Corymbs much branched
axillary longer than the footstalks
ana Miscellaneous Particulars.
only male blossoms for many years after they are planted, and yet afterwards become fruitful. As the tree
increases in age, it increases in fruitfulness; and in full grown trees the fruit is much larger and better
flavored than in young ones. In some of the old gardens near London, there are mulberry trees of a great
age, which are very healthy and fruitful. Bradley says, that most of these were planted in the times ofJames I.,
who attempted unsuccessfully to set up a silk manufacture in England. The fruit of the mulberry, like
that of the strawberry and raspberry, is said not to undergo the acetous fermentation in the stomach, and
therefore it may be safely eaten by gouty and rheumatic persons. It is a mistake, however, to suppose that
these fruits are lighter than others which have not the same antifermentative qualities.
The mulberry is generally propagated by layers, but it may also be incre,
by seeds, cuttings, or grafting.
It is generally grown as a standard in orchards; but will produce fruit sooner as an espalier or wail tree.
M. rubra has black shoots, rougher leaves than the black mulberry, and a dark reddish fruit, longer than
the common sort, and of a very pleasant taste. The tree is cultivated in China for feeding silk-worms, but not
so generally as the white mulberry. M. indica is also cultivated for the same purpose. M. tatarica bears pale
red berries of an insipid taste, but eaten in Russia fresh, conserved, or dried; a wine and a spirit are also
*made from them, and the leaves are used for feeding silk-worms.
M. tinctoria is a tall branching tree, with a fine head, smooth leaves, and awl-shaped solitary spines. The
whole plant abounds in a slightly glutinous milk of a sulphureous color. The timber is yellow, and a good
deal used in dying that color, for which it is chiefly imported into Europe, under the name of Fustick-wood.
The berries are sweet and wholesome, but not much eaten, excepting by birds.
All the species of Morus are remarkable for putting out their leaves late; so that when they appear, gar
deners may safely set out their greenhouse plants, taking it for granted, that all danger from frostis over.
1960. Bachmeria. Named after George Rudolph Bhmer, a German botanist, and a member of the academy
of Wittemberg. He published several works, besides an academical dissertation upon the cellular tissue of
vegetables. Plants of little beauty, and easy cultivation and propagation.
1961. Pilea. So called by Mr. Lindley, from rixsor, a cap; in allusion to the nature of one of the divisions of
the
A neat little creeping plant, which makes a good cover to hide the earth of large pots of tro
".
ical plants,
p'
Urtica. A word formed from uro, to burn, in allusion to the stingingp

ies of most of the species.
The English term Nettle seems to be the Anglo-Saxon Netel, which is itself an alteration of nardt, a needle, in
the same language. U. dioica grows all over Europe, in Barbary, Siberia, and Japan, in hedges, neglected
fields, gardens, and pastures. This species, U. urens, and pilulifera, with one or two others, are furnished with
stings. The small projecting bristles or prickles with which they are covered are tubular, and stand on a bag
filled with a poisonous juice; they are perforated at the point, and when they are gently pressed vertically, the
ure at once forces the poison to ascend the tube, and enables the
to lodge it in the skin. The tops
of the tender shoots of U. dioica are sometimes used as a pot herb early in spring, and they have even been
forced for that purpose. A strong decoction of the plant salted, will coagulate milk very readily and without
any disagreeable flavor. The stalk is found to have a texture somewhat like that of hemp, and to be capable
of being manufactured into cloth, ropes, and paper. The leaves are the only food of the caterpillars of three
of our most beautiful butterflies, Atalanta, Paphia, and Urticae, the principal food of the Io, and the occa
sional food of the Comma album; the caterpillars also of the urticata and verticalismoths feed on it: a great
number of other indiscriminate feeders devour its foliage, and the bases of the leaves in autumn are frequently
#:
disfigured by tubercles, which contain small maggots, probably producing Musca Urticae. As a remedy for the
--- - - -
---
--------
--,
784
Class XXI.
13224 reticulta W.
net-leaved
t". Dun
2 jn.au
Jamaica 1793. C co
13225 rufa W.
rusty
* DJun
1 jn.s
Jamaica 1793. C co
18226 (irens W.
13227 dioica W.
13228 membrancea W.
small
O w
1 jn.s
common
A w 1: jls
A un 14 jls
Ap
Ap
Britain
Britain
clt gr. C. co Eng bot. 1236

wa.gr. C co Eng bot. 1750
Ap
Spain
1820.
13229 crassiflia
thick-leaved
Ap
S. Amer. 1822. C co
13230 rdens Link.

15231 cannabina W.
burnin
13232 rugsa W.
13233 nudicaulis W.
13234 grcilis W.
membranous
Hemp-leaved
rough-stalked
naked-stalked
slender-stalked
x: Dun
sy.
#
ri.
Sy
2 jls
O un 1 jls
A un 3 jls
[O]un 2 my.jl
Gun 3 my.jl
A un 3 jn.au
Bot. mag. 2567
C co
Ap
Nepal
1821.
Ap
Siberia
1749. S. co Amrut 249t:25
Ap
Ap
Ap
Jamaica 1793. C co
Jamaica 1793. C co
Huds. B. 1782. C co
S co
13235 Parietria W.
Pellitory-leav'd re. Dun
1 jls
Ap
Jamaica 1793. C co Slojam.1.t.93 fi
13236 cilita Jy.
ciliated
13237 pulchlla Link.
1 jl.s
12 jl.
Ap
Ap
Jamaica 1815. C co.

pretty
rt. Dun
ri. D. un
13238 scabrlla Ror.
rough
* D un
...
Ap
132.39 ae'stuans W.
13240 canadnsis W.
Surinam
Canada
Y: [Chiun 1 jn.jl
S. A un 3 au.o
Ap
Ap
Surinam 1803. C co Jac.schoe.3t $8

Canada 1656. C co Pi.alm. t.237 fe
13241 nivea Jy.
white-leaved
A A un 2 aus
Ap
China
13242 baccifera W.
13243 caracsana W.
berry-bearing n. I un 4 jLau
Caraccas
*. Eun 8 jl.au
Ap
Ap
S. Amer. 1793. Sks.p Bot rep. 454

Caraccas 1824. C co Jacq. schoe.f.385
o un
lau
Ap
S. Amer. 1825. S co
O un 3 jl.au
u_Jun 3 aus
O un 3 au.s
Ap
Ap
Ap
Philipp.Is.1823. S co
Nepal
1821. S co
re. Dun 8 au.s
Ap
Manilla
13244 caravellna Schrk. long-stalked

13245 elongta Link.
lengthened
13246 diversiflia Link, various-leaved
13247 hrrida Link.
horrid
13248 arborscens Link.
arborescent
1739. C. p.l Jac. vind 2.t.165
1822. C co
1963. PACHYSANDRA. Mi. PACHYsANDRA.

Euphorbiaceae. Sp. 2.
13249 procumbens W.
trailing
3. A pr? mrap W. N. Amer. 1800. D sp Bot reg.33
13250 coricea Hooker
coriaceous
ri [I] prA jn.jl
W Nepal
1822. C co Hook, ex. fl. 148
1964. DIO/TIS. W.
13251 ceratoides W.
Diotis.
shrubby
Chenopodeae. Sp. 1.
st
or
1955. EMPLEU'RUM. W. EMPLEURUM.

13252 serrultum W.
Cape
* L J or
1966. AU'CUBA. W.
13253 japnica W.
AUcuna.
blotch-leaved
at
or
1967, LITTOREL/LA. W. Shore WEED.

13254 lacstris W.
Plantain-leav'd #3 Apr
1968. SERPI'CULA. W. SERPICULA.
creeping
13255 rpens W.
1969. MACLU/RA. Nutt.

13256 aurantiaca Nutt.
2 mr
Ap
Siberia
1780. L. s.p Jac. ic. 1. t. 189
Diosmeae. Sp. 1.
3 in.jl
Pk
C. G. H.
Lorantheae.
6 my.jl Ap
1774. C p.1 Exot bot. 2 t 63
Sp 1.
1783. C co
Bot. mag. 1197
Plantagineae. Sp. 1.
jn.au W Britain w.sa.p. Spl Eng, bot. 468
Onagrariae. Sp. 13.

$. A pr: jlau W. C. G. H. 1789, D plLam, ill. t. 758
Osage ORANGE.
*
common
fr
20
Urticeae. Sp. 1.
...
Ap N. Amer. 1818. C plDamh-pin supp.
|-
13240
-
-----------
- ||
*.
18242
of the nettle, its own juice, or that of the dock, may be applied.
The exotic species are of easy
Culture.
1963. Pachysandra.
From Taxus, thick, and z aw8:0;, signifying, in botanical language, a stamen; the
are very stout.
A plant of easy culture in common light soil, and freely increased by suckers from
me roots.
t
1954. Diotis. From Bir, double, and as a ros, an ear, on account of the two appendages which exist at the
'' of the florets. A shrub of no great beauty, which thrives in light soil, and is easily increased by layers or
": under a hand-glass.

''...'urum.
From
in, and
rxive, the
pleura, or membrane which envelopes
":
are attached
to a",sort
of cor'.
pes the lungs.
gs The seeds
le: Japanese name of the plant. It is a well known laurel-like evergreen shrub, with
-
Taive
"yellow Female flowers only have been produced in the gardens;
but according to Koempfer,
ORDER IV.
785
13224 Leaves opposite elliptic-oblong acute serrated towards the point reticulated beneath, Stipulasovate-entire,
Clusters panicled about the length of the footstalks
13225 Leaves opposite elliptical acute serrated triple-ribbed their veins hairy, Stipulas roundish permanent,
Clusters
branched, Stem shrubby shaggy with rusty hairs
132.26 Leaves opposite elliptical with about 5 ribs, Clusters of flowers nearly simple
13227 Leaves ovate acuminate cordate at the base, Clusters of flowers much branched in pairs mostly dioecious
13228 Leaves opposite broadly ovate somewhat heart-shaped coarsely serrated, Fls, monoecious: male in twin
upright unbranched stalked spikes with winged recept : fem. in nearly scss, spikes shorter than footst.
13229 Leaves
ite ovate obl. acute 3-ribbed serrated thickish reticulated and pale beneath, Corymbs stalked
forked longer than the leaves, Flowers tufted
13230 Stem petioles and Ivs. covered with rigid dense stimuli, Lvs. ov. acum. doubly serrat. Spikes comp. whorled
13231 Leaves opposite in three deep pinnatifid segments, Clusters cylindrical in pairs erect
13232 Leaves opposite elliptical serrated 3-ribbed rugged, Clusters ' dense terminal, Stem simple erect
13233
term. opposite ellipt.-lanc. pointed 3-ribbed entire nearly smth. Stem angul leafl. below, Cluster
-
''
L'ateral
:dioecious
13234 Leaves opposite ovato-lanc. serr heart-shaped at the base, Stem and footstalks hispid, Flowers dioecious,
Clusters in pairs somewhat branched about as long as the footstalks
13235 Leaves opposite ovato-lanc. entire, Stem much branched, Flowers dioecious
13236 Leaves opposite ellipt. 3-ribbed crenate fringed acute at each end entire at the base, Stem divaricated,
Flowers aggregate on axillary stalks about the length of the footstalks
13237 Leaves long lanc. very rugose: glabrous above; beneath having a fine white down
132.38 Stem downy roughish, Lvs. on long stalks ov. acute crenat downy roughish 3-nerv Stip. lanc. acute scar.
13239 Lvs. alternate ov.serrat minutely heart-shap at the base, Clusters axill forked, Fruit in orbicular corymbs
13240 Lvs. alternate ovate somewhat hairy serrated, Stipulas obtuse, Clusters axill. compound spreading shorter
than the leaves: the lower ones male sessile; upper female stalked
13241 Leaves
alternate roundish-ovate pointed toothed 3-ribbed snow white and downy beneath, Clusters axill.
repeatedly ''': Fl fasciculate
13242 Leaves alternate heart-shaped toothed prickly as well as the shrubby stem, Calyx of the fruit pulpy
13243 Leaves altern. heart-shaped acutely crenate rough above soft and downy beneath, Panicles lateral leafless
forked divaricated, Flowers capitate dioecious, Stem arboreous
13244 Leaves on long stalks cordate acuminate acutely serrated stinging, Spikes panicled
13245 Leaves stalked cordate acuminate serrated stinging, Racemes axillary
13246 Leaves cordate entire and 3-lobed coarsely tooth-serrated, Petioles and stem with long strigose prickles
13247 Stem with
stimuli, Leaves pinnatifid with finely toothed segments, Spikes axillary compound
13248 Stem downy, Leaves on long stalks ovate-lanceolate acuminate subcrenate rough above soft beneath
#:
13249 Stem procumbent, Leaves short oval crenate toothed above, Calyx minutely ciliated
13250 Leaves ovate lanceolate acuminated nerved
13251 Leaves lanceolate downy, Female flowers woolly

13252 Leaves lanceolate ensate crenate smooth, Capsules 1-celled
13255 Flowers tetrandrous, Leaves alternate linear lanceolate entire rough
13256 A small lactescent tree with alternate entire leaves and spiny branches
13252
13255
the fruit is a red oblong drupe, like a laurel berry, with a white sweetish pulp, and a kernel with a bitter
tastc.
1967. Littorella.
From littus, the shore, in allusion to the places where it grows.
A pretty little delicate
plant, with long tremulous white stamens.

1968. Serpicula. From to creep, on account of the habits of the species.
1969. Maclura. Dedicat by Nuttail, to William Maclure, Esq. of the United States, a philosopher, whose
devotion to natural history, and particularly to the geology of North America, has scarcely been exceeded by
Ramond or Saussure in Europe. A spreading deciduous tree, about twenty or thirty feet high, with a yellow
axillary berry the size of an orange, but not so succulent, and said to be as agreeable when fully ripe. It was
originally found by Hunter, and Dunbar, on the banks of the Little Missouri or Washita river, also near
Natchitoches, and upon the banks of the Arkansa.
-
3 E
786
MONCIA PENTANDRIA.
Cuss XXL
PENTANJDItlA.
Lab.voyagtU*
1970.
EXOCAR'PUS.
Lab.
Eiocurai.
1357 cupretsifrmis Lab. Cypreu.ltke f i ) tm O^'ap* V.DLL I8S4. Cp.1
Um.Ult764
1.
NEPHE'LIUM.
W.
.
lnd,M
1809.
138 lappceum W.
Bur I ir
Bot
mag. 14U 5,
197.
SCHIZAN'DRA.
W.
ScmzaNDaa.
f"^Vmer.1806.
L
ap
13259 coccnea IV.
acarlet-rlowcr'd Li I or
bort ber.
1973. FRANZE'RIA.
Caw. FaaNZKaia. I un 6 jLi
Peru 1759. p i W.
1360
Mexico 1796. p.1 Cav.ic.2.t.3
13261 arteinisioidea
ambrotioldes W.
W. Mugwort-lca..
Ambroeia-lcav. | 1 un 4 U
Eng.bot.044,
1974. Strumrium
.
Ximiiii
3 ils G England dungt

Sch.hand.3.tffll
132iH
W. W.Small
Burdock
43 U
GG China
Herrn
paraiS ht
S
I13264
;j orientale
W.
oriental
ill
S.
Europe
l13
CagoLl7Me.it
ipinsum W.
apiny
S
3 jLs G
13265 echintum W. hedgehog
Amarantaee.
Sa 37-J51975. AMARAN/TUS. W.
1 ji.g
O E. Indice
1801 SS
1326 tenuiflius W. fine-leaved
Levant
1723.
W. ima.9.t.IX
narrow-leaved
SS W.ania.8-t.4f-I
13267
angustiflius
W.
N.
Amer.
1778.
white
13268
lbus
W.
N.
Aroer.
1759.
W.am.l5.taj
Pellitory-leaved
S
13269
grcirani
W. W. melancholy
E.E. Indies
KlLtD-it-A^
5S r.
13270 mlant
hlicue
Indies 1731.
1548.
tti-colored
r.m
13271
tricolor
W.
E.E. Indies
1802.
Rum.srob..LK
S
two-colored
13272
bicolor
W.
Indies
1780.
SS W.am.]Utf
hermaphrodite
13273
polypamus
W.
.
Indies
1778.
W.
umr.lit.l
oval-spiked
13274 gaiigticus W.
E.E. Indice
1801.
S
rhomb-leaved
13275
mangostnus
W.
Indies
1816.
W.amil.U'
SS Hout.plU'ff.1
13276 i>oly4Achyue If. many-spiked
China
~d-headed
Japan
BU
13-77
tristis
W.nu W. round
8S W. am-SO-tltl
unpleasant
......
182*
13-278
inamte
1.279
incom
tus1. F. en. t. shabby
N.E. Indies
Amer. 1759.
SS W.sm. I75.E3
livid
Pa
R
*.
132H)
lividus
eatable
13-281
olorceus
W.
Q
1822.
SS tro Eng-botSi
blistered
England
dungh.
13284
bullAtus
Besser. wild
13283
Blitum
W.
France
1739.
SS W-am-lS-Lltj
trailing
132K4
prostrtusi*. if.
Europe
spiked
13285
spicatu
S.
~\n%A
1768.
S
green
132*6
viridis
'.
Jamaica
1778.
epottcd-leaved -*1 v I"
America L. SS w-a-iat-iaiio
13287
13>8 polygonodes
scndeus ff. W. climbing
bending
2 O un
13289 deflexus W.
SS W.amJKtJ."'
Nepal
stem-flowering
13290
cmtlinrus
Link.
Amer. 182
1656.
clustered
1793., SS
13291
h^bridus
.
upright
13292
rictus W. W. paniclcd
. Amer. 1798.
13893
panicultus
Bshamal.
1775. SS *,a4H5
13294
sanguineus
1. spreading
Pensylva. g
. s 1*
hairy
*
132:'5
retroflxus
W.
blunt-leaved
1329o flvus
Ue tus W.
India" 1798.
75.. S w ..llCXB
pale
13297
IK
l n Virnia lr S M
132: chloroslehys
W. nodding
Prince's Feather
1399
hypochoridriacusIK.
SS
various-leaved
1S3(J0
cruntus
W.
oval-leaved
13301
S
Love lies bleeding
13302 hecticus
oaud.itne W.W.
tree
i Sriijanrf.
under a glass
til' t
to cut, and
a atamcn
'*'?n hht loam andFrom
êat,rwf,
and ripened
cuttingt root
'-1 .and| under
a hana-g'-
Okuek V.
MONCIA fENTANDRIA.
787
17
PENTANDBIA.
1331 The only, epecies
13558
alternate pinnated,
Uam lanceolate oval acute at each end end.
lit".
^ Fr,t oval acu

Prick]cs
Clusters
axillary,
!
167 Clusters
Leaves obovatc
linear-lanceolate
acutesquare
mucronate,
stembranched
brancheddifllme
erect
Clusters axillary,
axillary, leaves
retuse, obovatc
Stem
simpleStem
lw
Flowersroundish,
trifid, Leave*
emarginate,
Stembranched
roundish erect
branched
e, Stem
IjO Clusters
(..lutter* axillary,
axillary stalked
Leaves ovatc-lanccolatc
colored
1
Uuiten
eilp.
Leaves
oblong
Lanceolat
colored
tlusters sessile capitate, Leaves ovate acuminate blunt colored
*r -,
tm snort'y
in ,hort pik.ovate,
Cal. and
bractovate
withlanceolate
hooked bristles,
leaves f
i^Leaves
emarginate
r( iiMcrs
somewhatsP'ked
spiked axillary
editan-, leaves
rhomboid
roundish
ggg
Clusters
spiked,
Spikes
axillary
and
terminal.
Leaves
ovate-lanceolate
7Chuten spiked loosely, Leaves subcordatc ovate emarginate shorter thanemarginate
petiole
J^Guetm
somewhat
sp'ikedrhomboid-ovate
and 3-leaved : acute
axillary in pairs, Leaves rhomboid lanceolate
Uutters
spiked.
Leaves
BS>
Hunters
somewhat
spiked
rounded,
leaves
elliptical
rctuse.
Stem
erect
im! L*es
i U<tCrilubrhumtxnd
'11 branched,
Leaves rugose SpiKes
oblongterminal,
very bluntSepals
emarginate
j-fi
acute rpandbeilate,
mucronate pungent
noel
Wm
wmewhat
piked,
Flowers
3-lcaved,
Leaves
ovate
retuse,
J.l'tors spiked, Flowers 3-leaved, Leaves rhomb.-ov. bluntish retuse.Stem
StemdiffUse
prostrate branched
^S55er,sPlke,i
terminal,
Leaves
ovate-oblong,
Stem
erect
somewhat
branched
Sri****"
axillary
twin
triandrous,
Male
flowers
3-leaved,
Leaves
elliptical
emarginate
wavy at ec
ma , n0,ate
S-âved, Female
flowerscompound,
funnel-shaped.
Leavesindexed,
rhomboid ovate
Spikelets
weakemarginate
(J( ]*,
Z^vet
bpiie very shortSp'*0
few-.interrupted
Leaves rhomboid
lanceolate,
Capsules notStem
dehiscent
m ST >4''^ ZZ\ '"""8 I""1' '. Leave,

"
compound nod,
Sect ni"Z,L
' "'^ne.
downy, Leave, ovate wavy'
32 ^'""ccmpou
'"met compound
r nv,,J?vate
e 11
mucronate
i
j.u "f'
{cavM
lanceolate
g
fceeme,
SSpSfci,
L-T
-blong
lanceolate
mucronate
*
Siemes imply
,iiiif Preading,
Leave
lanceolate
ovate
*
&ggk*SZ"
ovalenoddimr
acute
pendulous,"'-"i
Leave, luered.
lanceolate Leave,
ovate. Stem
.
13275
13287 a
annwi' ^**1. a .
Miscellaneoiu Partiel*
anrf Miscetlawo*s
Particulars.
Wi C ft"* 7 Canille, to Ant", Franier,
V
a botanical physician, whose mcriu
^T/'i'"'! F'1X velbi <*'' ,U"Uer hand-glL
B, be 3h' color, ^M%mfjfXr^
1*, "". of M of Ihe .
, A. melancholicu. and tricolor are fopubr tend,.
MONCIA PENTANDIUA.
788
2 jU G India
u"
prickly
13303 spinsue .
1819.
or ti jl.au R Nepal
13304 speciau . M. EllCWy
Sa 1-2. 1812.
CucurbUac&r. India
LUFFA.
I97 fce'tida
LUFFA.
-*Uor 12 jn.o
13305
Cae.. stinking
Sa .1816.
111.
1977. AMBRO'SIA. W. cntire-leaved
N.
3 jU
O un
13306
ntcgnflia
trifid-leuved
N.N. Amer.
Amer,
"1 68 jl.s
13307
trfida
W.
Amer. 1699.
1896.
jl.au
un
N.
Amer.
1759.
130B
eltior
f.
5
jl.au
13309
artcmisiflia
W. MugworUleav.
N1Ainer. 15701811.
33 jl.e
OO un
panicled
13310
particulate
if.
un jl.au
13311 maritima if.
S?. 1-2.
W.shining-leaved
Otaheitb Myrtlb.
1978. nitida
SECURINE'GA,
J) tm 440 gt'^'llStuflT
13312
W.
Cuss XXI.
W.am.3UUS tsitei
Bot. nug.B-1
S Bot. mag. IES Sa
SS
Herrn. lugd.U>
SS Plu.alm.tlCLfj
s M Sch.hand.3.tffi
LindicolL9
HEXANDRIA.
So. 15.
lia. traniltlS
Zizama.lice ec 6 Gramine.
1979. ZIZA'NIA. if. Canada
fU ft. Araer. 1790. S
13313 aqutica
Sp-Jamaica
13- ,_1/93. S . Br.jam-tt
Piiarus.
.
1980.
W.
broad-leaved or 6 jl.au 1
13314 latiflius If.
Rubiacctt. Sy.217.
if.great-flowered
GUETTARDA.
1981.
GUETTAR'DA.
E.\V.Indies
1771. SS .m
13315 specisa if,
Indies 1793.
rough-leaved t
spl
or 30*u ...
13316 rugsa if.
Ru.ani.I.tl",l8 .>!
Sauo
1962. Rmphii
SA'GUS. W.ff.
G E.MadagasclS).
Indies 1800. Skr.m
Rumphius's
dt
50
13317
S
r.m
turbinate
or CO
13318
Ruttia W.*. prickly
18ft). S r.m Bea. fl. a"0i1 or 50 '." G Sp. Guinea
13319 vnifera
3U.
Palma.
CotOA-NT.TRBB.
*1983.
.if.W.
.^0
1690. S r.m Roxb.cor.l.t-73
Jacain.!.278.4*3
common
clt 50
13320 nucfera
Pa.G W.Indies
Indies 179d.
prickly
O
clt
50
$13321
aculeta
W.
Pa.G Jamaica 1731.
Aisirtnis If Great Macaw.tree clt SO
13304
13307
J7i.0fy,commonPropagation*
Culture,likejlline VJ^^ \heis
they pgwltW
are of etf
annuals, and A. sanguineus and caudatue
border flowers
- i sspecies are very prolific m seeds, wnirai f
culture in light rich soil. Most of' the
kind of &lr*.
* 19?2 LK1 yfuname in Arabic is o^ according to Forskahl. A curious
^^"^""
on account
its offensive
cultivated
in Arabia
Llima. It ,itbeMj
" > jjj^ but
European*
t"1"'
and
elegantlyof adorning
theirodor.
trunks.It isThe
fruit when
youngandis pickled,
( yeliQV/ah
itveryhasreda disagreeable
taste,
and
is
not
very
wholesome.
L.
tharaiitia
flesh, and when

ripe, iiname.
burets Anibrosa
elustically.is tbeâme^Mhe
Culture as in Ccuma.
iieithen divinltm. " ^
177. Ambrosia.
A poetical
' ^'Bhtful,
whence its**tJ|0
nachas b applied
was
beveragewin
ofbnibjed,
the former,
oilor was**.
delightful,
leavestheir
of which,
emit the
grattfol
Wieo^^pUiiMi ofby '^Sn^because^^
Co
1978.
StTurinega.
From
.,
a
hatchet
nto"culting
iiMtrumcnla.
It
grow
a
hard as to be capable of being manufactured into culting instrument.
mepiant
peat, and cuttings strike in sand under a hand-glass.
,
to Gotiui, the rir,
la,9.
Zim/it.
One ofZmln.
the Greek
names
of plant
the rve-gras.
was
; "Effing
a I it .
was
called
by
the
Arabs
The
modem
has
no
relation
^^hire
where it is called Canada rice. This plant has lawn acclimate.1 in Middliscx anan - vcry good | ,M11
margins
of ponds,
and
is exceedingly
blandAmerica,
farinaceous
tributc
where
rtcie,norti,.
and '
abounds
all the
shallow
streams
ofprolitic
NorthofandWest
ana"
support (ofin the
wandering
tribes
of Indians,
feed immensewnere
floats *.."",
01 ";VV"
1 ' ini geese,
|he
support
fowl
Pmkorton
says,
this
plant
seems
intendeil
by
nature
tii
become
the
,h!ir long Uro"

fowl.
Pi
1980.
From
a
covering.
Brown
gave
this
name
to
the
plants,
m'
^
Pharia.as wrappers0;,
lo me H'' r nii ",ove grasses.
are180.
employed
for Guettant
various purposes
by thebotanist,
natives owhoJamaica,
catalogue
'f.h-pUnU
V"L,aeJ
1381.
,:. tienne
was a French
published il I.j and.
d are
mere
growing In the vicinity of Ksumpes. Splendid plants, which grow in loam, pt.w
^
.,1,"|!'
111named
11 moistin heat
1 covered
ûbrtance
obtainede|l)cl..
'ttne ptn
il
M*.
cts.
So
allusion
to
the
nutritive
properties
the
sumu.
'' " uced the Sago of the shops. The wooj is lull of bitt pth. liket
nd ''v .
Ukenôut,
bruiMM
a mortar, and then
put into
a cloth oi^tramer,
, -, -ho
pith Isin Wished
the cloth
into
; thebywater
MJ**,t.^drawn
,8 S^JgS
Ute
",'1
' use through
or transportation.
Thethefruittrough
i. eaten
the Japanese,
fed '
^ ^ Li""0"
highly nutritive
pith.
, ,.that, ,,age,
*.*
"!1'
frilit/burT
regards
this
name
as
of
Greek
origin.
In
>nS'u'
nut.
1>"
. but it does not appear that there was any relation between that and the modern
IU
0" V.
MONCIA PENTANDRIA.
789
iqjij I ks
m r wnooin Dipinnatid : UDuer oinnti, ' ,w, eme terminal

as
Iii i** ia^
!<* Wa
~<* Flower. irtarj clusterai
13313 Panicleefluse, Glume! aristatc : male and female mixed
13314 Panicle branched, Glumes awnlcss smooth, Leaves ovate-lanceolate
13315
Leaves obovate
acute
downy
7-fid
13316 Leaves
subcordate
ovate
acutebeneath,
scatn-ousFlowers
downy 7-androus
beneath, Flowers
Branchleta ofthe
ofthe spadix annular
smooth
, sal* 13317
13318 Pinns
Branchleta
. ja*"
I V 1331S
spinulosc, spadix
Fruit oblong furrowed
13320
Unarmed,cylindrical
Fronds pinnated,
LeafletsFronds
replicatepinnated
ensi/onrtprickly
21 Cauilcx
prickly upwards,
.nil"* 1
Aculeate spiny, Caudex fusiform, Fronds pinnated. Stems and spathes spiny
Q ,
"'WS.) that n Inrf, ,,, """", Partiaari.

1 traieht tmni" i,na cultivt
ihem, com
'anches. Thn in-,.
r'_*
'""brooms. a/w . " earnetiiiB l.d.riY.ito.l for tho-, t i

""
is the
*Sw?e?k?kff& ** ^ftii!""*
lB,f'
"m Wim. wnlch is
CD & 'he top Se S , '""'Y' but bMm- "ard after- being seasoned, and assumes a
i Aht-Ti boiled,
resembles
brocoli but
r,t
. used
by theand
natives,
because
on
Between
shoot
the water,
leaves,
there
.i-even 1' 0r ns'steiil.c, T, mai>4( -in indiion,
there tl
dli la a rbage-like
juiLe lfftring
littie trom
either
yeast, and firms ,, IL 'h>.2a.ar*.b' "* '
iE" *%0Mn^ ! '"^
,w,sQan'
' ra
""* * 5 " "S dranfbyto
' ~iypintbeand
aboura
hh
h",.andthe
liouor
diminishes,
till it i, a.of S
,- ,
w,ch gradan, acouire. the hardne
of tC'kernel
ClaisXXI.
MONCECIA HEXANDIIIA.
790
Elate.
1984. sylvestris
E-LATEW.W. prickly-leaved
i O or 14 Palma!,
apjn Gi . Indie 1763. S r.m Kh.miUtasS
13323
.
,?,,'"'*\
m^r lffll S r.m .UHU
vm. bacthis. w.
13324
W.
13325 minor
major W.
TOLYANDRIA.
Fluviales. . p. Britain
1085. demrauin
CERATOPHYL'LUM.
W. HosNWOKT.
2
dit D Lp Eng bot 947 Ihn
1332S
W. common
^ un 11 J1.I
13*27 submrsum W. unarmed
un jU G Britain dit D Lp Eng. bot 679 Sa!
SP
1987 spictum
MYRIOPHYL'LUM.
W. Water Milfoil. 1 Onagrariat.
dit. D Lp Eng bot S3
jn.au G Britain
1338
W. W. spiked
England ponds. D Lp Eng. boL Ml
13329
vcrticilltum
verticillate i 1pr 1 jl
So.
616. rivers. D p Eng M 81
Alismaceaj.
1988. SAGITTA'RIA. W. Akbow-Head.
England
W
mag. 1631
13330 sagittiflia W.
China
* g l.pLP Bot
222 jn.au
i.n
W
-V .!
or
Rhe.mal.ll.t4>
13331
sinensis
.
M.
China
jl.au W Vf. Indies 1804.
blunt-leaved ^ 10
BoL
mag
13332
obtusiflia
W.
1787.
D
l
p
Ii
Jn.jl
i
AI
BoLmag-li
lancc-leaved
13333
lanciloliaB. M.W,
N.
Amer. 1806.
DD l.pl.p
w
*
or
14
jn.jl
brittlc-lcaved
-,
13334
rgida
Carolina
1812.
Grass-leaved a 11 or 41J jl.au W
13335 gramnea IF.
. Jamaica
S. 16-38.1777. lp Par.lood.7S
Begonia. HDot IL my.d
tJ989.
BEGONIA.
W. ehinitig-leaved
J.c.ic3.t
13336
nitida
W.
Caraccas
1800.
23 jl.au
.
or
13337 dichtoma If. forked
China
1804. R ip
s.p BoL mag.
two-colored . or my.e
13338 discolor
H.
AT.
Evaasina B. W.R. large-leaved . or 3 my.l W Jamaica 1793. s.p PliiWll*',
13339
raacrophylla
.
lps.p Ram-Ul"
W
il.-
oror 1g JLa
Bot reg.
13340
tuberosa W.If. tuberous
Jamaica
1790.
W
pointed-leaved
my.d
13341
acuminata
W.
Indies
1788.
LpLp Aubgm-lt
small
Ol
oror 1J myjn w
133(2
hiimllis
W.
W.
Indies
1789.
VV
shaggy-leaved
Q9
13,543
hirsuta W.w.
13344
ulmiflia
tt. or 2 my.jn w S.Amer. 1822. Lp BoL cab.
13344
ff. iscA. elm-leaved
13345 ulmiflia
argyrostiginn
silver-spotted . or 3 jl.o v Braaili 1819. l.p Bot reg **5
W.Indies
LPLp BoL
BoL cab
cab 1107
13346 maclala
spatulta ltaddl
1.
spatulate
ES or 1, JLO W
Nepal .. 1819.
1818.
Pk
BoL
reg. 1
13347plctaLo.fi/.
painted
tH
i
?
1816.
Lp
W
13348
l.Pl.p
13349 pauciilra
odorta W.Lindley few-flowered
sweet-scented ES
oror 1414 JJ .0. W
"........ 1824.
1824.
W
13350 hirtlla Liai.
hairy
j or 1_ Jl.o
1824. Lp
13351 disticha Link. distichous C2 or jo w
1990. agrimonifoliumCat'.
POTE'RIUM. fV. Agrimony-lvd.
Bubnbt. pr 3 Bolacea;.
*-f&m
182. DS CO Eng bft S
jl
G
13352
ch.hil
23 jlJl.au Br
G England
13353
Sanguisrba
W.
common
ag
Hungary
180S, D CO PLrar.haS.Ll
13354 polygainum W. Hungarian or
13320
Wimm, Use. Propagatwa. Culture,

_
che,
The
natives
u.hi,
nu.
^Z'X^'"^
and
almostaaconsiderable
easily detached
tYom
thethe
shell
also leexprs*
expresa
considerable
i.m
nu.intity
rJLiofofU.hdl
thenm.ltrv
purestand
nnd
andhogs.
hoars.
best lamp
Cups
oiL
and
The
a
vanuy
cxccllcnt
Uten^"* fcr ,
also
quantity
part
Cups and a var.14
operation, supplies an excellent food for poultry
ofThe
the husk
shell. of the cocoa nut is nearly an
consists
of a number
libre*.,theeasily
an;,rtls fur hemp.
Indian cordage
; but ofis bystrong
no means
onlyseparable,
substitutewhich
winch turim"
the coumrj
wW 'n int0
work
un ofwiththemuch
skill
r sed from the nuts
Plants
cocoa
nut
tree
arc
frequent
in
our
stoves,
being
cas
y
planted in rich earth, and on a moist heat; but the plants arc seldom Mjowg, ^
-,,1
Sower
^thoughitsitfruit
has been
observed,
this is almostplants,
the ""^" inlbrme,!
that they
they thrive
for perfecting
; all the
otherstoothat
being
our
; perh.ips
being
muchdii'ious
extxiaedtotherun
: nets
in thecollections
Wesrindi'es;
where"from
cmtJvaWn
ofthem
plant tall trees near
them for '^^,
aculcata
has a like
trunk thebark
thickness
the human
bodyib asthelarge
1"'"a^cr..b nd
f thesweet
saio-" kcI0ei
cocoa,
and
prickly
ofastringent
the oftrunk.
The
alfie
green
skinid
It has
a thinlncthesweetish
pulpoutside
; andfruit
within
that, isaasnut
tu tou
n"=.,"",,nc
fem*
out,,
,
,
true
0,,6
of
the
IrunK
mad.^.1
envolop
twt
Tl" the names given by the Greeks to the membr.ine
to akimlo ,niiM
Sain,
,s to say, resemble,
to its spitlia.
}^'J^,
,,! chew- It f tat
inlnnerihthe.tl
?,t ;uil"eofI that
sylvestris
a wildModern
plumb.authors
The poorer
sort i^*"
''o
nt,swecL
with theInleaf
the betel
pepperrequire
and 9"'*-^,
rruit-stalka, which
are very
our ofstoves
the planta
a sandy loam, d a rtrong
OuDElt VI
MONCIA HEXANDRIA.
I33S8
Frond,
rannatcd,
Le.fla.oppo.ite
n lili
139
Fmit ovale
5 Fruit
791
POLYANDRIA.
il trun
S" "med
unarmedwitb ,hr Tine,
!H
flower, incapillary
interrupted
leafleu
spiked wborU Flower, axillary whorled
a9Sterile
Leave,pinnated
: upper
pectinate-pinnatind,
1 n*
Leaves lanceolate acuminate sagittate : lobe, lanceolate straight, Scape simple
13331 Leave,
Leaves ovate
3-fid and
3-parted
: lobe,
nearly: lobe,
equalovate
nerved,
Scape branched
11.
ijb> 1332
rounded
blunt
sagittate
acuminate
spreading.angular,
Scape panii
Male fl. solitary terminal
13333
Leavesovate
narrowed
at
each
end,
Scape
branched
below
pamcled
ti* 13334 Leaves
lanccolata keeled, Petioles &cornered, Scape, simple. Female flowers scuile
\*> 13333 Leaves lanceolate linear, Female head, .mall
\ lSSSfi Shrubby erect, Lvs. very smooth unequally corrate obsoletely toothed. Wing ofcapa, very largeroundish
erect, Lvs.
unequally
cord,beneath.
subangul.Stemtoothletted
hairy ben.
at therounded
veins, Pan. dichotom
c4v 16337
ies Shrubby
Leaves angular
serrulate
crimson
nodoee, smooth
Wing, ofcaps,
unequal
lui"
n>> 9 Caulescent.
Caulescent Lvs.
. iirnw,...n,
' " """"^ "'"s ofcaoi unequal rounded
~~
.angular
iinm :toothed,
.owerai Wings ofcapsule
i
-"i
(*
unequally
cordate
parallel
iii* hu-. X
(f toothed, Largest wing
[liM
,rgest
Wingswwing
rounded
di:
J:C.uS
'f
'P'U
*
doubly
SCTrated7^t
neof ,UndCd,
ofcape,caps,
very: "e"i'
reddoubly
tooth.
Largest
t
beneath
sroootliish,
Stipule*mottled,
spatulateCapsules
unequalhairy
ciliated, Wing* ofi
lirtT Skmlets, Leave* ovate cordateleued
hirsute
finelyicrniLited
:** 148
leaven acuminate
nearly equally
cordate
very blunt
crenateobsoletely
downy : upper
cucullatc,
Stipules
lanceolate
scarlose
1. Leaves
leaves
somen
hat
angular
unequally
toothletted
smooth
onscariose
each
side,
Stip.
: S; lSfj
angular
unequally
scrrulate-ciliiitcd
hairy
beneath
at
the
veins,
Stipules
lanceol.
fringed
scariose
13351 Leaves acutecrenulate smooth strigose beneath, Cyme distichous, One wing of capsule
very large acute
53 nute Leaflets lanceolate, Spikes oblong ovate
1*3 Thorns
Stemangular,
somewhat
angular,flowers
Stamens
longermalethan; intermediate
the calyx hermaphrodite
1*4
Unarmed,none,Stems
Terminal
femalemuch
: lower
aff"** S called bv J
"J M"ccUam!ou' Particulars
7^4.
"LT%Valu*STi,;
tit. c!r>
naU stem I. made into walking.
Pteuaa,. ran l'"'0?' of *
<he tbcya
Anierican.,LiS
I'JS*!^
"'"sW.^tS1"0'
thc.tcm;
- W,"a- 11 Uthoa,* Mt common
'".butdren?,
is not
"X-uedbyseed
""""omo
planta,
and
erow
i?
iS
d,
kco|,
which
is
eaten
in
Carthagcna.
h4^&*.
0 ""^'""n-l barn; like other pilms, they are only to beIn
lW*ir% A,u"t!c weeS KJ^ M<1
a ^ cou* of the numcrou, homed
.s
&S">*
a^l"oitf
" er ofdivUion.
2 w
MT
"", i*
,\'" 1 *Whi,:h
* brdSri2t^'rSrrW'
' fe'
the arrow-headed
form ofJain
the leave*
^"neJaL1"'
Se?f ii tlfe a";,',c,(
aIld 's to"mmon
in Siberia, China,
^
s
AlHtf.?
account
the,"cilt%;,
"01
""U""'1'
constitute,
an
article
of
food
amne
"g
&are ? culi6 " "*>- The roou are larger in thoae
"i?u"p?re^'oflo^hChaC, 8' F'cuchman.born In 1638 = he was an intendant ,
...for -_~
, .1 , iiueooant
"'-'S .H. '"bit. argytosfemf L' p,*"h ""able^beneatoeas
the neatof
, r"X
foliage,of
M beautiful specieof their
Theyarelli
-------
---
---------
MONOECIA POLY ANDRIA.
792
13355 hybridum W.
sweet
France
G
Y: A or 2 jnji
Canaries
13356 caudatum W.
smooth shrubbyrit- or 3 jalap G
13357 spinosum W.
prickly shrubbyn. L. or 2 apau G
Levant
1991. AMIROLA. Pers. AMIRoLA.
Terebintaceae. Sp. 1.
13358 nitida Pers.
shining-leaved as D or 9
... Peru
...
1992. ACIDO'TON. W. Acidoton.
............... Sp. 1.
Jamaica
stinging
13359 (irens W.
G
* Dun 8
...
Urticeae. Sp. 1.
1993. THELY'GONUM. W. ThelygoN!!M.
13360 Cynocrmbe W.
Dog's-cabbage + O un
1994. CASTANEA. W. Chesnut.

Common
13361 vsca W.
13362 pumila W.
dwarf
Hop-Hornbeam.
1995. O'STRY A. W.
Common
1336 vulgris W.
Amcrican
13364 virginica W.
1996. CARPI/NUS. W. HoRNbeaM.
13365 Betulus W.
8 incisa
*
Y
Corninon
13366 americana IV.
cut-leavcd
American
13367 orientlis W.
eastern
1997. FA'GUS. W.
13368 sylvtica W.
8 atro-rabens. Duroi
7 S. incisa W.
13369 ferruginea W.
1908. CORYLUS. W.
13370 Avellna W.
g alba
rbra
grndis
glomerta
cris' pa
13371 tubulsa W.
Amentaceae.
tm 50 myjn G
or 12 jl
G.Y.
Amentaceae.
or 20 my
Ap
or 20 myjn Ap
Amentacear.
...
...
1824. C. p.l
-
1793. C lip Slojam.1.t.83f.1

-
England woods. S s.l. Eng; bot 886

N. Amer. 1699. S p.1 Mich. arb. 2. t.7
Sp. 2-4.
Italy
1724. L. s. Dend brit,143.

N. Amer. 1692. L. s.l Abb.ins 2 t 75
# 3-5.
ritain woods. S co
...
......
I co
Eng, bot. 2032

-
N. Amer. 1812. S co Dend brit 157

Levant 1739. L. co Dend.brit. 98
Ap
Ap
Beech.
Amentaceae.
tm 70 ap.my Ap
or 30 ap.my Ap
or 10 ap.my Ap
Fern-leaved
American
Nur-Tree.
Common Hazel*
JWhite Filbert 4
Red Filbert
Sk
Cob
sa
clustered
*
Jrizzled
*
*
Lambert's
Barr. ic. t. 632.
Sp. 2.
tm 30 mr.my Ap
or 15 mr.my Ap
Common
purple-leaved
1683. D co
1779. S. p.l
1595. S p.1 Moriss.8.t.18.f5
GT's Europe 1710. S co Lam illt. 777
#jl
or 20
or 13
CLAss XXI.
# 2.
ritain woods. S co
...
......
L. co
-
or 36 my j p
...
G. s.1
Eng.bot. 1846
D
N. Amer. 1766. L sl Mich. arb.2 t 9
Amentaceae.
Sp. 5-7.
fr 10 tap." Ap Britain woods. S co Eng bot-78

fr 10 fap
fr 10 fap
fr 8 fap
fr 8 fap
fr 8 fap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
......
......
......
......
... ......
...
...
...
...
...
I
I
I
L.
L
co
co
co
co
co
f 10 m.ap Ap s. Europe 1759. L. co Lam ill. t. 780
repute. The leaves when bruised smell like cucumbers, and taste something like the parings of that fruit;
they are sometimes put into salads. All the species are of the easiest culture.
Amirol
1991.into
a. s.A word with an unknown meaning. The Peruvians form the shining black seeds of Amirola
nitida
rosarie
!'. Acidoton. From *wres, pointed; in allusion to the stinging pointed hairs of the leaves.
1993. Thelygonum. A name under which Pliny described a plant which appears to have been Mercurialis.
It was derived from $naus, a woman, and 2 ov, a knee, because of its joints, which where thought to resemble
:#" * knee. Cyno-crambe, literally interpreted dog cabbage, was the Greek name of Mercurialis
1994. Castanea . A native of the territory of Castanea, a town of Thessaly, near theborders of the river Penets,
where magnificent chesnut trees still are found. The chesnut, Chtagnier, Fr., Castanienbaum, Ger., Castagio,
Ital, is, like the walnut, both a timber and a fruit tree;. some of the oldest trees in the world are of this
Brydone on Etna, and the chesnut at Tortworth, in Gloucestershire. The fruit
species
; as that mentioned byabroad
1s eaten roasted
, it is not only boiled and roasted, but ground into meal, and puddings,
cakes, and bread are made from it. The timber is thought to have been formerly in very general use for house
conside
though
what
some
r
is generally called chesnut in our old buildings as oak. It is one of the
carpentry,
best trees for hop poles, and scarcely any other is now planted in Kent and other hop districts for that purpose.
varieti
fruit-b
excelle
Some
es have been lately imported from France; these are increased by grafting
earing
nt
or budding in the usual methods, but the plants for coppice woods or timber are best raised from nuts. There
is a variety with striped leaves which is very ornamental. The most esteemed of the French kinds are called
". a word which in old French literally signifies a substance, which it must be confessed the fruit is not
n11ke.
The American chesnut differs so little from the European, that no specific distinction can be drawn. It is
most useful trees of the forests, the wood being extremely durable, and in highesteem
for posts and rails to construct fences. The nuts are very delicious. Castanea pumila or Chinquapin nut,
is a small tree, or rather shrub, the height of thirty feet in the southern states, but scarcely exceed
one of the largest and
ing seven or eight in cold latitudes. The fruit is very sweet and agreeable to eat.
called from
scaly catkins of the fruit, which resemble

Ostrya virginica is exceedingly
In some parts it is
er7:42, a scale, in
to the
1995. Ostrva. So
''. hop, whence the plants are called Hop-Hornbeam. The wood
#:ence it is generally known in America under the name ofofIron-wood.
From the Celtic words car, wood, and pi

995. Carpinus.
peculia
wrough
which
to be fit
the
t into
e wood is white, and of a fine close texture,pin,
#.wood
yokes
is torly
for the
themakes
say,
head; itthat
-
of cattle.
ORDER VII.
MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.
---
793
13355 Unarmed, Stems round striated

13356 Unarmed shrubby, Branches round villous,
long loose
13357 Spiny shrubby, Spines branched, Branches villous somewhat angular, Spikes oblong loose
13358 Leaves simple and ternate ovate serrated, Petioles thickened on each side
13339 Leaves alternate lanceolate ovate, Flowers in racemes
13360 Leaves ovate, Stem diffuse
13361 Leaves oblongo-lanceolate acuminate mucronate serrate glabrous on each side
13362 Leaves oblong acute mucronate serrate white with down beneath
13363 Cones ovate pendulous, Leaves ovate acute, Buds blunt
13364 Cones oblong ovate erect, Leaves oblong ovate acuminate, Buds acute
13365 Scales or bracteas of the fruit oblong serrated with two smaller lateral lobes
13366 Scales of concs 3-parted: middle segment oblique ovate lanceolate 1-toothed on one side
13367 Scales of concs ovate unequal at base undivided somewhat angular unequally serrated
13368 Leaves ovate glabrous obsoletely dentate, their margins ciliated
13369 Leaves ovate acuminate downy beneath coarsely toothed ciliated at edge
13370 Stip. obl. obt. Lvs. roundish-cordate pointed, Invol. of fruit campanulate rather spreading torn at margin
13371 Stip. obl. blunt, Cal. of fruit tubul. cylind. contracted at end cut toothed, Leaves roundish cord acuminate
and Miscellaneous Particular.
various forms with which the country people of all nations have delighted to ornament their yokes. Our
English word Horn-beam has evidently the same meaning. C. Betulus is a tree of little merit or beauty,
naving persistent leaves like the beech; it is well adapted for hedges or separation, where the object is shelter.
# Fagus. From the Greek twyer, which also signifies eatable. We all know that mast was the original
food of man. The Fagus of Virgil, was the Quercus Esculus. Hetre, Fr., Bche, Ger., Faggio, Ital F.
sylvatica is a handsome tree in every stage of its growth. It seems to thrive best in a chalky clay or loam,
rather sheltered. It is one of the handsomest single trees for parks, and is well adapted to form lofty
hedges. The timber is brittle, and not of long duration; but it is much used by turners, joiners, and mill
wrights. The bark is remarkably thin, and has been used for making baskets and band-boxes. The leaves are
'i in France by the country people, on account of their elastic
instead of straw for the paillasse to
lay under their mattrasses. #: mast is readily eaten by swine and deer.
F. cuprea, the copper colored, and F. purpurea, the purple beech, are two of the most striking of timber
trees, from the color of their foliage. They are propagated by
and grow as freely as the common beech.
Fagus ferruginea is distinguished by the Americans from the common kind by the name of Red Beech, the
wood being of a darker color.
1998. Corylus. From zoeur, a bonnet; to which the enwrapping calyx may be very well compared. Our
word Hazel is in like manner derived from the Anglo-Saxon Haesel, which signifies an head-dress. Noisette,
Fr., Nussbaum, Ger., and Avellano, Ital. C. avellana has the specific name from Avellino, a city of the
kingdom of Naples, near which, in a valley, it grows to a great extent, and in Swinburne's time, brought in an
annual profit of near 12,000l. sterling. It is said they were originally imported into Italy from Pontus, and
known among the Romans by the appellation of nux Pontica, which in of time, was changed into that
of nux Avellana, from the
where they had been propagated with the greatest success. The common
Hazel-nut is wild in many woods and coppices in Britain, whence the fruit is gathered in plenty and sent to
the neighbouring markets. As underwood, the plant is of some value for hoops, fishing-rods, walking-sticks,
withes for faggoting, crate-making, hurdles, wattling-fences, and springles to fasten down thatch. Formerly
the roots were used by the cabinet-makers; and where yeast was scarce, they twisted the twigs, steeped them
in ale during its fermentation, hung them up to dry, and when they brewed put them into the wort.
There are several varieties of the cultivated filert.
What is called the
filbert is esteemed the best.
The plants do not require a rich soil, but one with a dry bottom. They are generally propagated by suckers,
and grown as dwarf standards, each plant with a single clean stem, from six feet high down to twelve inches.
When allowed to throw up suckers from the root and form a thick bush, they cease to bear fruit in any
quantity. The filbert bears
upon the sides of the upper young branches, and from small shoots
which proceed from the bases of side branches cut off the preceding year.
Hence the spurring-in method of
794
13372 americana W.
Dwarf Cuckold *
13373 rostrta W.
13374 Colrna W.
Com. Cuckold
sh
Constantinople *
t"1999. JUG'LANS. W.
13375 rgia W.
13376 migra W.
13377 cinrea W.
$13378 olivaefrmis W.
fre mrap Ap
fr 5 mrap Ap
N. Amer. 1798. L. co Wa.am.t.09t3

N.-Amer. 1745. L. co Willd. arbit.1.f3
fr
10 mr.ap Ap
Constant. 1665. L. co
tm
tm
tm
tm
50
30
30
30

ap.my Ap Persia
1562.
ap.my Ap N. Amer. 1629.
ap.my Ap N. Amer. 1656.
apmy Ap N. Amer. ...
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
30
30
30
30
30
30
ap.my
ap.my
ap.my
my
my
my
tm
or
or
tm
or
60
6
2
40
10
Amentaceae.
myjn Ap
myjn Ap
my.jn Ap
my
Ap
my.jn Ap
WALNUT.
Coininon
black
Butter Nut
Pekan Nut
CLAss XXI.
S.
S
S
S
Dend brit. 99
co Lam, ill. 781

co Dend brit 156
co Jac. ic. l. t. 192
co Mich. arb. 1.lt. 3
angustiflia H. K.
$13379 suicta W. thick shell-bark Hickory

13380 lba W.
shell-bark Hickory
13381 comprssa W.
13382 amra Mich.
13383 obcordta W.
13384 glbra W.
porcina Mich.
2000. QUER CUS. W.
13.385
13386
13387
13388
Pnilos Ph.
maritima Ph.
sericea Ph.
virens Ph.
13389 cinrea Ph.

13390 imbricaria Ph.
13301 lauriflia W.
S obtasa Mich.
13392 lted W.
13393 Ballta JV.
13394. Ilex Jy.
as integrifolia
B serrata
2 oblonga
flat-fruited
bitter Nut
obcordate
Hog-nut
OAk.
Willow
*
*
*
sca
running
live
ash-colored
shingle
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
yellow
tm 40 myjn Ap
tm 50 my
Ap
tm
my
Ap
tm 20 my
Ap
Barbary
Laurel
blunt-leaved
N. Amer. 1804. S. co Mich. arb. 1. t.8

N. Amer. 1629. S co Dend, brit. 148
N. Amer. 1730. S co Mich. arb. 1. t. 7
. Amer.
1800.
Amer. 1812.
S co
S co M. arb.1.t.9.f3,4
N. Amer. 1799. S. co M. arb.l..t.9.f.1,2
Sp. 50-98.
N. Amer. 1723.
N. Amer. 1811.
N. Amer. 1724.
N. Amer. 1739.
N. Amer. 1789.
S
S
S
S.
S
s.l. Micharb.1.t-12
co Mi. quer. t. 13 fil
co Mich. arb. 2 til
s.1 Mich. arb. 2 till
co Mich. arb 2.t 14
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
Mexico
S
S
S
S
co Mich. arb.2t.f3
co Mich. quere.t.17
co Mich. querc.t.18
co
1786.
1786.
1786.
1825.
tm 60 my.jn Ap
Barbary
evergreen
tm 60 my.jn Ap
S. France 1581. S. s.1 Dend brit. 90
COInnon
tm 60 myjn Ap
S. France 1581. S. s.l
notched-leaved
or 60 myjn Ap
or 60 my.jn Ap
clt 20 jn
Ap
clt 10 my
Ap
S.
S.
S.
S.
or 30 jn
France
long-leaved
18395 Sber py.

13396 coccifera W.
Cork-tree
Kermes
13397 gramntia W.
Holly-leaved
Ap
...
France 1581.
France 1581.
France 1699.
France 1883.
S. s.l
G.
G.
S.
G
s.l.
s.l.
s.l.
s!
Duh. arb.l..t 1:3

Duh, arb.1 t!24
Dend brit
Dend, brit.91
1730. G. s.l
1338||
pruning is the most successful in the production of fruit. C. Colurna may be treated in the same manner as
the other, but the plants kept at a somewhat greater distance apart.
The nuts of the American Hazel-nut, Corylus americana, are very excellent.
1999. Juglans. That is to say, Jovis gians, the nut of Jove, on account of its excellence, which must have
been great indeed, when gods had nothing but oak or beech-mast to eat. J. regia, walnut, from gall-nut, the
tree
being introduced from France, Noyer, Fr., Walnussbaum, Ger., and Noci, Ital., is cultivated both,as a
fruit and timber-tree. The fruit in a green state, before the stone hardens, is much used for pickling, and also
as an adulteration of soy sauce. An oil, which supplies the place of that of almonds, is expressed from the
kernel in France. In Spain they strew the gratings of old and hard nuts, first peeled, into their tarts and
other meats.
leaves
on themay
ground,
leftdeath.
there, annoy
worms;
orismacerated
in warmfor
wat:
afford
a liquor,The
which
fromstrewed
its bitterness
effectand
their
The unripe
fruit
used in medicine
the
same purpose. Pliny says, the more walnuts one eats, with the more ease will he drive worms out of the
stomach.
The
timber
is
used
in
this
country
for
gun-stocks,
being
lighter
in
proportion
to
its
strength
and
elasticity than any other. It is used in cabinet-work in most parts of the continent: the young timber is held
to make the finest colored work, but the old to be finer variegated for ornament. When propagated for timber,
the nut is sown; but when fruit is the object, inarching from the branches of fruit-bearing trees is preferable.
Budding has also been successfully adopted by Mr. Knight; the buds succeed best when taken from the base of
the annual shoots; ordinary-sized buds from the upper parts of such shoots generally fail. Walnut trees that
have not been grafted or budded, may be induced to produce blossoms by ringing the bark.
Juglans nigra, the black walnut, is a tree of large size, and its nuts are eaten by men, and several species of
animals. The wood is put to various mechanical and economical uses. J. cathartica is known under the name
of
butter-nut,
oil-nut,
white walnut;
the nuts
are used it
byisthe
American
medicinally.
The fruit
of J.
oliveformis,
or theand
Pekan-nut,
is delicious;
sometimes
exposed
in theIndians
fruiterers'
shops for sale.
The
nuts of J. sulcata, which is called thick shell-bark hickory, and Springfield and Gloucester nut, are large
and well-tasted. The shell-bark hickory, shag-bark, or scaly-bark hickory, J. alba, is so called on account of its
bark, which is torn lengthwise in longioose strips, as in J. sulcata. The wood of J. tomentosa, the Mocker-nut,
white-heart hickory, or common hickory, is excellent for mechanical purposes, and particularly
-
esteemed as
fire-wood; but the nuts are hard, with but little kernel in them. The Americans make very good and durable
Prooms by slitting into narrow slips the very tough wood of J. glabra, which is called pig or bog-nut, also
broom hickory.
ORDER VII.
79.5
1372 Cal. of fruit roundish campan larger than nut, Limb dilated tooth serrated, Lvs. roundish cord. acumin.
13373 Stip, in lanc. Cal, of fruit camp tubul, larger than nut 2-parted: seg cut toothed, Lvs. obl. ovate acumin.
13374 Stip. lanc. acum. Cal. of fruit double: outer many-parted; inn. 3-part. Seg. palm. Lvs. roundish ov. cordate
al, Fruit globose
, the petioles downy, Fruit globose dotted rough
13377 Leaflets numerous oblong lanceolate serrated soft with down beneath, Petioles viscid, Fruit oblong ovate
13378 Leaflets numerous lanceolate serrated, the odd one with a long stalk, Fruit oblong 4-cornered
13375 Leaflets about nine oval smooth subserrated nearl

13376 Leaflets numerous lanceolate serrated beneath
13379 Leaf about 9 lanceolate acuminate serrate downy beneath: the odd one sess. Fruit roundish with 4 keels
13380
13381
13382
13383
13384
Leaflets 7 obl.lanc. acuminate serrated rough and downy beneath: the odd one sess. Fruit squarish smooth
Leafl. 7 obl.lanc. acum.serr. downy beneath and soft: the odd one sess. Fruit ov. Nuts oblique compressed
Leaflets about 9 ovate-oblong acum. finely serrated smooth on each side; the odd one with a short stalk
Leaflets 7 ovate acuminate serrated smooth on each side with resinous dots beneath, Nuts obcord.smooth
Leaflets 7 ovate acuminate serrated smooth on each side with resinous dots beneath, Fruit and nuts oblong
A. Leaves entire, or little toothed.

13385 Leaves membranaceous linear lanc. tapering at each end entire smooth with a small point, Nut roundish
13386 Leaves coriaceous elliptical-lanceolate entire smooth with a small point, Nut roundish
13387 Lv. lanc.-obl. somewhat wavy obt. at the base rather dilated upwards silky beneath, Nut almost globular
13388 Lvs. coriac. ellipt.-obl. revol. ent pointless obt, at base clothed with starry down ben. Fr. stalk. Nut oblong
13389 Lvs. coriac. ellipt.-lanc. revol. ent blunt with a small point clothed with starry down beneath, Fruit sessile,
Nut nearly globose
13390 Leaves elliptical oblong acute at each end entire almost sessile downy beneath, Nut nearly globose
13391 Leaves obovate entire smooth nearly sessile tapering at the base, Nut roundish even
13392 Leaves obovate entire shining somewhat heart-shaped at the base downy and yellow beneath
B. Leaves toothed spiny.
13393 Leaves elliptical coriaceous entire or serrated very downy beneath, Bark even, Nut cylindrical elongated
13394 Leaves ovate-oblong acute coriaceous entire or serrated hoary beneath, Bark even, Nut ovate
13395 Leaves ovate-oblong bluntish coriaceous entire or sharply serrated downy beneath, Bark cracked fungous
13396 Lvs. ellipt-obl rigid smooth on both sides with spread brist. spin, teeth, Nut ov. Cal with spread point. sc.
13397 Leaves roundish ellipt. nearly sess undulated with deep spin. divaricat. teeth densely downy beneath
somewhat heart-shaped at the base
2000. Quercus. This name is derived from the Celtic quer, fine, and cuez, a tree; it was so called, in dis
tinction to other trees, because the holy misseltoe grew upon it: otherwise the common name of the oak in
Celtic was derw, whence druids, and the Greek 2:ve.
Phellos was the Greek name of the cork, Q suber.
Gramuntia has derived its name from growing in the wood of Grammont, near Montpelier. Suber is
generally thought to have been formed from the Latin sub, under, because the bark was used by the Roman
women as sandals, both for keeping their feet dry, and increasing their stature; but Vossius is of opinion, that
it comes from oveae, the Greek name of bark of any kind. , Coccifera has been so called because the little
insect, coccus, which affords the well-known kermes dye, is found upon it. Kermes itself is an alteration of
ermez, which signifies in Arabic, a little worm; the same people called the red dye qermezy, whence our
Worman-English word cramoisye. Robur is an alteration of rove, a Celtic synonym of the oak. . Megilops,
literally goat's-beard, was so called on account of the long truss or beard-like lichens which were frequently
found hanging suspended from it.
the oak is a genus of trees familiar to man in the temperate zones of both hemispheres. Q. Robur, now valued
for its timber and bark, and formerly for its acorns, is familiar to every Briton. There are two distinct varieties
or subspecies; Q. sessiliflora and pedunculata, and another Q. pubescens., Q. pedunculata is thought to be
the common oak of England, being much more frequent in natural woods than the others. The timber of this
variety is said to be whitish and hard, while that of the sessile-fruited is reddish and brittle. The bark of this
and all the hardy species of oak is or may be used by the tanner. Oak saw-dust is the principal indigenous veget
able used in dyeing fustian; and different shades of drab and brown are also made from it. Oak-apples are used
in dyeing as a substitute for galls; the black got from them by the addition of copperas is more beautiful than
that from galls, but not so durable. These galls are occasioned by an insect of the Cynips kind, which
deposits its eggs in the substance of the leaf. When the bark of the oak has performed its office to the tanner,
it is employed by the gardener to produce heat by its fermentation. Oak leaves are also used for the same
purpose.
hen a great proportion of the island was in forest, acorns were of importance for feeding swine;
they are still valued for this purpose in districts where the oak abounds, as in Hampshire and Northampton
shire. Q. cerris is a very handsome tree, and the timber is considered nearly as valuable as that of the common
oak. The Lucombe (from the name of the nurseryman who raised it) and Fulham (from the name of the
nursery where it was first originated) varieties are nearly evergreens; they retain their verdure till Christmas,
and remain on the tree in a brown or withered state till April or May
Q. coccinea is one of the handsomest of the American oaks; the leaves, which are six inches long, change in
796
13398 lusitnica W.
13309 Prinoides W.
Portugal
Dwarf Chesnut
CLAss XXL
tm 40 in
or 3 jn
Ap
Ap
Portugal 1824. G. s.1 Cav. ic. 2. t. 129

N. Amer. 1823. G s.l. Miquerc.t.9 1
tm
tm
tm
tm
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
N. Amer. 1730.
N. Amer. 1811.
sil
s.l
Chin'quapin Ph.
13400 infectria W.
13401 Turneri W.
13402 Prinus Ph.
13403 bicolor Ph.
Dyer's
Turner's
Chesnut
white swamp
40
40
60
60
my.jn
myjn
my.jn
my
Levant
1822.
co
N.duh.7.t.49 fil
Co
Mich. arb. 2. t. 7
Mich. arb. 2. t. 6
13404 montna Ph.
Rock Chesnut +
tm 50 my
Ap
. Amer. 1800.
s.l
Mich. arb. 2. t.8
13405 aqutica Ph.
water
tm 40 my
Ap
. Amer. 1723.
s.l.
Mich. arb.2. t. I7
13406 nna Ph.
dwarf
or 12 my
Ap
. Amer, 1738.
s.l
Abb.ins. 2. t. 59
13407 Castnea Ph.
Yellow
tm 60 my
Ap
. Amer. 1822.
s.l
13408 nigra Ph.
black
or 20 my
Ap
Amer. 1739.
s.l.
Mich. arb.2. t. 18
13409 triloba Ph.
downy-black
tm 30 my
Ap
Amer. 1800.
s.l.
Mich.querc.t.26
13410 stellta W.
obtusiloba Mich.
Iron
tm 60 my
Ap
. Amer. 1819.
s.l
Mich. querc. t. 1
or 10 my
tm 50 my
Ap
Ap
. Amer.
Amer.
...
...
tm 70
tm 60
tm 40
tm 40
tm 50
or 15
tm 60
my
my my
my
my
my
my
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
1800
1763.
1739.
...
1691.
1823.
1800.
sil
s.l
s.1
Mich.querc.t.24
Mich.querc.t.25
Mich. arb.2 t 26
tm
or
tm
tm
tm
tm
my
my
...
my
my
my
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
13411 hemisphaerica Ph. hemispherical *

13412 elongta W.
Jalcata Mich.
Spanish
13413 tinctria Ph.

13414 discolor Ph.
13415 rubra Ph.
Quercitron
13416 heterophylla Ph.

13417 coccinea Ph.
13418 Catesbaei W.
two-colored
champion
various-leaved
13419 palustris Ph.
scarlet
barren scrub
marsh
13420 macrocarpa Ph
over-cup white
13421 Banistri Mich.

13422
JV.
13423 alba P
Banister's
Velonia
white
8 repanda Mich.
13424 E'sculus W.
13425 Rbur W.
repand-leaved
Italian
sessile-fruited
Q. sessiliflra Sm.
13426 pedunculta W.
common
13427 pubscens W.
durmast
13428 fastigita Lam.
Cypress-oak
13429 Tazin Lam.
hoary
13430 Crris W.
Turkey
8 bullta
rough-leaved
sinuta
eroninsis
* sempervirens
& dentta
13431 austriaca W.
narrow-leaved
Lucombe
Fulham
toothed
Austrian
40
6
20
60
60
40
tm 60 ap.my Ap
tm 60
tm 40
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
40
ap.my
ap.my
ap.my
ap.my
my
my
my
my
my
my
my
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
. Amer. 1800.
. Amer. 1800.
Levant 1731.
N. Amer. 1724.
N. Amer. ...
S. Europe 1739.
s.l
Mich. arb.2, t-l
sil
Mich. arb.2 t 23
s] Mich. queret:29
8. l
Mich. arb.2, t:25
sl
Mich. arb. 2. t.3
s.l
s.l
s.l
Mich. arb.2, t.19

Mildic.n.7. t.315
Mich. arb. 2. t. 1
Co
s.l
Britain woods. S h.l Eng bot. 1845

Britain
Britain
S. Europe 1820.
S. Europe 1822.
S. Europe 1735.
S. Europe ...
S. Europe ...
-
h.1 Eng bot. 1342

h.l Hayne ab.t.141
Co
N. duh. 7... t. 55
-
co N. duh.7. t. 56
co
CO
Co
Co
Co
Dend. Urit. 92
co Dend brit: 93
Austria 1824. G co Clus hist-l. P.30
-
13402
autumn to a beautiful scarlet color, and unless hard frost comes on early, they do not fall off the tree till near
Christmas. Q. rubra bears a near resemblance to the last species. Q. tinctoria, Quercitron, Fr. has been
''
to be cultivated on account of its bark, which affords a valuable yellow dye. (Caled. Hort
em. iii. 378.
Q. suber is cultivated in Spain, Portugal, and the south of France, for its cork-bark. . The exterior bark is
the cork, which is taken from the tree every eight or ten years; but there is an interior bark which is left on
to
protect
the tree, soTrees
that stripping
off thebarked
outer are
barksaid
is so
the trees,
that
it is necessary."
their
continuation.
that are never
to far
diefrom
at theinjuring
age # fifty
or sixty
years.
The bark is
-
taken
off for the first time when the tree is about fifteen years old; it soon grows again, and may be rebarked
three times, the bark improving every time till the tree attains the age of thirty years. It is taken offin sheets
or tables, much in the same way as oak or larch bark is taken from the standing trees in this country. After
being detached, it is flattened by presenting the convex side to heat, or by pressure. In either case it is charted
9" both surfaces to close the transverse pores, previously to its being sold. The carbonized surface produced
by thisthe
charring,
may
be seenoffininbungs
and tap' but not in corks,- which beingg cut in the lengthway of the
* *
wood,
charring
is taken
#
-
---
Oatles VII.
797
13308 Leaves elliptic, with deep point serratures downy beneath, Fruit racemose, Cal hemispherical, Nut obl.
13399 Lvs. on short stalks obov, acutely and coarsely toothed at base glaucousben. Cup hemispheric, Acorn ov
-
C. Leaves sinuated.
13400 Leaves oblong mucronate-toothed smooth on each side
13401 Leaves oblong coarsely mucronate-toothed smooth on each side cuneate at base, Branchlets hairy
13402 Lvs. on long stalks obov, ac, somew,
with near.
Cal. of fr, contract atbase, Nutov.
13403 Lvs. nearly sess. obovate downy and white beneath with very broad unequal teeth, Fruit in pairs on long
bristle-pointed stalks, Calyx hemispherical, Nut oblong ovate
13404 Lvs. on shortish stalks obovate acute downy and white beneath with nearly equal dilated short blunt serr.
Cal hemispherical with rugged scales, Nutoblong ovate
13405 Lys wedge-shaped smooth tapering at the base dilated and obscurely 3-lobed at the end: the middle lobe
largest, Calyx nearly hemispherical, Nut roundish
13406 Lvs. obl, wedge-shaped smooth somew, sinuated 3-lobed at extrem. Lobes divaricated pointed: the middle
one largest, Forks of the vein downy beneath
13407 Lvs. on long footst, obl.lanc, pointed somewhat downy ben, with numerous nearly equal dilated serratures,
Cal hemispherical, Nut round ovate
13408 Lvs. wedge-shaped somew.cord dilated very slightly 3-lobed at the end, smooth above rusty beneath, Cal.
hemispherical with membranous scales, Nut round ovate
13409 Lvs. wedge-shaped with 3 terminal bristly-pointed lobes: the midd, one longest downy beneath, Cal of the
fruit flattish, Nut nearly round
13410 Leaves oblong sinuated downy beneath: lobes blunt; upper dilated 2-lobed, Cups hemispherical
13411 Leaves evergreen oblong-lanceolate undivided 3-lobed or sinuated smooth on both sides, Lobes pointed
13412 Lvs. downy ben-sinuat, with 3 or more somew, falc, brist-point, lobes: term one elong-jagg. Calhemisph.
[undern. Nut globose
15413 Lvs. downy ben, obov. obl dilat wide, sinuat. Lobes short obt, slight toothed bristle-point. Cal of fruit flat
13414 Leaves downy beneath oblong pinnatifid toothed bristle-pointed, Calyx turbinate, Nut ovate
13415 Lvs. smooth obl. sinuat, onlongstalks, Lobesac.
tooth, bristle-point. Cal of fr, flat undern. Nutov.
13416 Lvs. on long stalks ovate lanc or obl, entire or unequal ! lobed, Cup hemispherical, Acorn nearly globose
13417 Lvs. smoothobl. deeply and widely sinuated on long stalks, Cal of the fruit turbinate, as long as the nut
1341.8 Lvs. smth. obl, wedge-shap at basedeeply and widely sinuationshort stalks, Cal of fr; turbin Maslongasnut
13419 Lvs. smooth obl. deeply and widely sinuated onlongstalks, Forks of the veins densely woolly beneath, Cal.
of the fruit flattened, Nut nearly globose
13420 Lvs. obl.lyr, downy ben. : term. lobe very larges-cleft sinuat. Cal of fr, hemisph, scaly fring with bristles
13421 Leaves obovate cuneiform 3-5-lobed, Lobes setaceous mucronate downy beneath, Lelong spread, scales
134.22 Lvs. ov. obl with bristle-pointed tooth-like lobes hoary ben Cal of fr; very large hemispherical with lane.
13423 Lvs. obl. deeply pinnatif glaucous ben, Lobes lin, obl. obt, ent dilated upw. Fr. stalked, Cal. depress, warty
s Leaves slightly lobed green on each side
[hemispherical
13424 Lvs. ov. obl. sinuat smooth palerben.: segm, bluntish somew, angularat base, Fruit nearly sess Cal scaly
13425 Lvs. decidu. oblong smooth dilated upwards stalked, Lobes obtuse, Stalks of fruit elongated, Nut oblong
13426 Leaves oblong subsessile smooth sinuated: lobes round, Fruit oblong stalked
[Fruit nearly sessile
13427 Lvs. obl. obov stalked sinuat downy ben...: lobes obt, angul wavy somew, heart-shap and unequal at base,
13428 Leaves subsessile smooth oblong ovate pinnatifid sinuated blunt, Branches ascending
13429 Leaves softly villous deeply pinnatifid: segm. oblong blunt sinuated, Cups warted
[hemisph, bristi
13430 Lvs. on very short stalks obl. deeply and uneq pinnatif hairyben. Stip, longer than footst, Cal of the fruit
13431 Lvs. on longish stalks ovate obl, slightly but copiously sinuated downy and hoary bon...: lobes short ovate
acute entire, Stipules shorter than t#: footstalks, Cal of the fruit hemispherical bristlv
|
-
13419
13417
*: , \\
The uses of cork in Britain are well known. It was used as sandals by the Greeks, whence our cork soles,
men. The
people in Spain lay broad planks of it by their bed-side to tread on, as great persons use
Turkey and Persian carpets to defend them from the floor; and sometimes they line the walls and insides of
their houses built of stone with this bark, which renders them very warm, and corrects the moisture of the air.
Both in Spain and Barbary bee-hives are made of cork; for this purpose, they roll the bark into a cylinder of
five or six feetlong, and six inches in diameter, boring holes for the entrance and exit of the bees, as in the
and probably the Venetian choppings (cioppini, Ital), or shoes so high heeled, as to raise the women above the
Polish hive. (Encyc of Gard. 1738.)
Q. coccifera, Cusaja, Span, has prickly leaves like those of the holly, or Q. ilex, from this species is collected
the kermes or scarlet grain, a little red gall, occasioned by the puncture of the Coccusilicis. "With these galls
scarlet color was dyed, till the discovery of America, when another species of Coccus, the cochinillifer, was
found in the Mexican woods upon the Cactus.
Q-phellos is remarkable for the form of the leaves, which differ in character from those of the rest of the
species. Q ilex, the holly, or holm oak, Chne verd, Fr., Elice, Ital, and Enzina, Span, is a handsome ever.
green tree, and the timber is supposed equal to that of the common oak. Q gramuntia is thought by some
13132 Pseudosber Desf, false Cork

13433 olivaefrmis Ph.
mossy-cup
13434 lyrta Ph.
Swamp-post
2001. LIQUIDAM'BAR. W. LiquidAMBAR.
13435 Styraciflua, W.
Sweet-gum
13436 imbrbe W.
2002. PLATANUS. W.
orienta
PlaNE-TREE.
13437 orientlis W.
13438 cuneata W.
13439 acerifolia W.
oriental
wave-leaved
13440 occidentlis W.
American
Maple-leaved
2003. SALISBU/RIA. L. T. Salisburia.

13441 adiantiflia L. T. Maiden-hair-lv.*
tm 40 my
tm 50 my
or 15 my
Ap
Ap
Ap
Amentaceae.
tm 60 mrap Ap
or 6
...
Ap
Amentaceae.
tm 50 ap.my Ap
or 6 ap.my Ap
tm 70 ap.my Ap
tm 70 ap.my Ap
ear-leaved
torn
13457 odortum Roxb.

13458 maculatum Lodd
fragrant
spotted
climbing
*
*
y:
rt.
##
. Amer. 1683.
Levant
1759.
Sp. 4-5.
Levant
1548.
Levant
1739.
Levant
1724.
N. Amer. 1640.
Pandaneae. Sp. 3-5.

3 ... ...
W.
Peru
3 jl.au
W
Peru
3 jLau W
Peru
Aroideae. Sp. 16-37.
2 jn.jl
W
Caraccas
1 jn.jl
W.
Madeira
1344.7 nymphaeifolium W. Water-lily-lvd. a. A or 4 ... W.

13448 esculentum W.
esculent
*: DA cit 2
... W
13449 sagittifolium W, arrow-leaved 7J or 2 ... W.
13450 pinnatitidum W.
inmatifid
y: [A] or 2 ... W.
$13451 seguinum W.
umb-Cane r. D or 6 my
W
13452 grandifolium W, great-leaved n-D or 6 myji W.
13453 arborescens W.
tree
* T or 8 injl W.
13454 tripartitum W.
ternate-leaved n. E. or 3 ... W.
13455 auritum W.
13456 lcerum W.
S. Europe 1824. G co Sant-itin-156 t.4

N. Amer. 1811. S. h.1 Mich. arb. 2. t. 2
N. Amer. 1786. S. h.l Mich. arb. 2. t. 5
Amentaceae. Sp. 1.
or 20 ap.my Ap Japan
2004. CARLUDOVICA. F. per CARLUDovica.

13442 angustifolia F. per narrow-leaved a LAN or
13443 latifolia F. per.
broad-leaved if [Z\] or
13444 palmta F. per.
palmate
* [Z\] or
*2005. CALADIUM. W. CALADIUM.
13445 helleboriflium W. Hellebore-lvd. * Z\! or
13446 bicolor J/.
two-colored
a LAU or
13459 scndens W.
Class XXI.
798
D - or
D or
[A] or
D or
3.
...
4
...
2 mr
6 mr
W
W.
W
G
a Dior 2
...
W.
...
S. s.l.
L. s.l
Miar.3 p.194.t.4
C.
C
C
C
Dend.brit. 101
co
co
co
co
Dend brit 100
1754. C. s.l.
Dend.brit. 168
1818. Sk p.1
1818. Skp.l
1818. Skpil
1796. R. sp. Jac.ic-3 t-G13
1773. R. sp. Bot mag.820
E. Indies 1800.
America 1739.
W. Indies 1710.
Caraccas 1817.
R
R.
R.
R.
s-p Rhe.
11.1.2.2
sp. Jacvind...: tist
sp. Jac.schoestls"
sp. Sljam. Lt. 106-1
America. 1759. R. sp. Hook. ex-fl. 1
Caraccas 1803. R. sp. Jac.schoestlap

W. Indies 1759. R. sp. Plu.ame 44t to
Caraccas 1816. R. sp. Jac.schoestloo
America
Caraccas
Pegu
S. Amer,
1739. R. sp. Jac-schest-191

1822. R sp
Guinea
......
1822. R. sp. Eld'Oware,ts

1822. R s-p Jac.schoes tiss
1818. R. sp. Bot-reg. 641

1820. C. sp. Bot.cab.608
13460xanthorhizum.Jacq. yellow-rooted r- C or
<< *
13435
to be only a variety of this species. The acorns of # esculus are sweet, and, it is said, are frequently eaten by
r in the south of France: the tree very much resembles the common English oak.
The willow oak grows to the height of about fifty or sixty feet. The Q. virens, or live oak, grows to the
height of forty or fifty feet, spreading its branches, when in open places, extremely wide; it yields the finest
and most durable sh;p-timber of any species known; for which reason it is considered one of the most valuable
trees
in America. The laurel oak, or, as it is sometimes called, swamp willow oak, is about fifty or sixty feet
high; its wood, according to the elder Michaux, is very valuable, and almost preferable to that of ' Virens.
The water oak, Q. aquatica, is about forty feet high when full grown: its wood is but little valued. Its leaves
vary according to the soil and age, ad infinitum. There is scarcely one tree found having leavcs like the other;
and the same tree is almost as variable in its different branches. The downy black oak, Q triloba, is from
twenty to forty feet high, according to Michaux, of very rapid growth, and extremely well calculated for
the
&
inclosing land. The barren oak, or black jack of the Virginians,

nigra, is of low growth, especially in the
more northern states; it bears very abundantly, and furnishes a fine mast for hogs; the wood is small, but
excellent for fuel. The black oak, or Quercitron, Q. tinctoria, is one of the largest trees of the American
forest, and highly valuable on account of its timber as well as bark, which is very superior for tanning to any
#"
other oak. Q. falcata is a very large tree, commonly called

oak. The wood of the upland white oak,
or iron oak, is of great value in ship-building. The fruit of the 9. Prinus, known by the name of the chesnut
white oak, swamp chesnut oak, and, in the southern states of North America, white oak, is large, and of a
sweet taste. The bark of the rock chesnut oak, Q montana, is excellent for tanning. The yellow oak, Q.
castanea, is a large and beautiful tree with eateable acorns.
2001. Liquidambar. From this tree flows a strong balsamic substance, which has been compared to ambergris,
and named from Ambar, amber, and liquidum, fluid. L. styraciflua, in its general form and leaves, bears a
considerable resemblance to the lesser Maple, (Acer campestre) as the wood is good timber and beautifully
variegated. Between the wood and the bark issues a fragrant gum, which trickles from the wounded trees,
and by the heat of the sun congeals into transparent drops, which the Indians chew as a preservative to their
teeth. It smells like the balsam of Tolu. The species are propagated by layers, or from seeds.
The sweet gum-tree, or Liquidambar styracifiua, is sometimes found of an immense size, particularly in the
southern states; its wood is of an exquisite hard texture and fine grain, and furniture made of it has a hand
some appearance.
From rarve, ample, broad, in allusion to the shadow afforded by the foliage. The species
*
:Patanus.
ot leculiar grace and elegance, and from that circumstance, and the classical associations attached to
"em, they are eminently adapted for pleasure grounds. The chenar, or eastern plane, is very much employed
- -
1
VII.
MONGECIA POLYANDRIE
799
IS432
Leaves
oblong
sinuate
serrated
downy
beneath,
Bark
fungous
i 43.; Lvs.
Lvs. .
obi. smooth glaucoussmooth
ben. deeply
and
unequallyinpinnatif.
Fruit cllipt.-ovate.
Cal.
13*3*
muchfruit
contracted
the middle:
lobes acute;
thecup-shaped
up] - frinircrl
angulardeeplyiinuated
and abrupt. Calyx of the
globose muricated
nearly covering
the nut
13435 Leaves
Leaves palmate-lobed,
palmate-lobed. Recesses
base ofthe
6
Recesses atat the
the base
ofthe veins
veins villous
smooth
13137
Leaves
5-lubed
palmate
cunate
at
base,
Srth,
lanceolate
iinuated,
13438 Leaves
Leave* cordate
3-5-lobed5-lobed
toothedremotely
cunatetoothed
at the base
smoothish
13139
truncate
at
base
13*40 Leave 5 angular otwoletcly lobed toothed cunate at base downy beneath
1S**1 The only species
1544-2 Fronds
forked :: segments
eneiform narrow.
Stems round
13443
Fronds tlaU'Ll.form
forked
segments
lanceolate,
Stems channelled
13*44
Fronds
-paxted
5
Stemless,
Leavespelt.-cordate
pdate entire,
Spadixcolored
as longin the
as snathe
13446
Stemless,
lagittate
disk,than
Spadix
thanspathe
the _
1 147 Stemless,
stemless, Lvs.
Lvs.
peltate-cordate
sagittate.
Spadix
longer
the shorter
cylindrical
Ltcspathe,
at endwhich is
13448
leaves
peltate-cordate,
Sfiudix
shorter
than
ovate-lanceoUte
spathe
15*49 Stemless,
leaves
sagittate
acuminate, Spadix shorter than ovate-cucullatc
154
Stemless,
Leaves
pinnatifid
15451
Caulescent
suberect.
Leavescordate
oblong sagittate,
cuspidate,Spadix
Spadixasshorter
oblong sp
15455
Caulescent
rooting.
Leaves
long
asthan
the cucullate
15453
Caulescent rooting.
erect. Leaves
sagittate,
Spadix
shorter
than
the ascucullate
ovate
s
15*54
Caulescent
Leaves
tmate,
Petioles
naked,
Spadix
long
as
the cuebei
13*55
Caules.
root
Lvs.
tern.
:
lat
leaflets
eared
at
base
on
outside,
Pctiol.
winged
Snad. shorter than spathe
1545
Caulescent
rooting,
leaves cordate
sinuatelobes, Spadix as long as cymbiform snathe
15457
Caulescent,suberect,
Leaves cordate
with
rounded
15459
1458 Caulescent
leaves
oblong
acuminate
cuspidate
cordate
at
base
tiiu
ly
spotted
with clear white
Caulescent scandent, Laaves ovate oblong acuminate, Spadix longer than cucullate spathe
mSniS! ^111 Pcr31*

; it and
wasgroves.
highly esteemed
by the trees
GreeksareandslillRomans,
and wasinplanted
rdBtt' tn7Tm',
the formendoftheIndia
venues
equally
India,
mly
lound
and Groves
burial of theseof the
prince. The
" revered
cuttings,
limilar
~ '
ofnear
"caiycamore.
l" nativeAlltemples
tJ totnat
the species arc ofplaces
easy culture byprinces.
layers, and timber
they willis considered
also grow
dSiSSS?"
is known
in America byItthe
name .t ttsf button-wood, water beech, i, .
2rCTy
^.dentala
Canada
called cotton-tree.
is, perhar
tree in feet
North
America ; on the
rtileb_.
banks of the
Ohio andit isMlstissipi
there
_ jring fromF.tenR.trgest
in diameter.
S*!1*
So
called
ird
AnthonySalisbury,
S.,to sixteen
a modern
distinguished
wp uwremarkalrtcfor its A -shaped leaves, cloven like some of the Adiantum
species
The
fruitofl>otaniet,
is aa con
pale
ofa globular
form
;s' itwhen
has never
been
produced
in
this
country,
though
there
are
trees
B*t*ftr
uThe
fru.t
is
veil,
ripe, with
a
fleshy,
juicy,
white
pulp,
adhering
closely
to
the
drupe.
Ml like that of an apricot. The kernel
rather
sweet,
with exposed
a mixture
of austerity
* when " agree. e when roasted.is white,
Dr. Abel
saje,firm,
he saw
the fruit
in the
markets orin
hatauthors
purposeofit the
was applied.
Ir.memL
1tmt? 1f0McaDarnell
by
the
Flora
Peruviana,
in
honor
of
Charles
IV.,
king
Spain,to
'
of whom
patrons ofherbs,
botany,of little
and deserving
finer ofbotanical
genus
OUt " .5ueen
their virtues.
The
4ecieswerearcnoble
low palm-like
beauty, butof ofa great
v' Ibvby v/."tm' .A T,ame
originallyunknown
employed Thby Rumphius,
designate
and
"Mi
(.,,.-i/en.len*1 aMSasnaf
mcaninc
wi brvw
hnvfto tie
the
anucani olspecies
12S&*:fiC"^
lu>
isatoms,
nkBOTor neatTne*
specea
appearance
Areca,ofbyandArum,
tivated
potted
green
leaves,
which
are
rarely
disfigured
anyareofonly
theas
identstpbTIZf
wmen
other
stove
planU
are
liable.
The
si^cies
are
plants
of
the
same
general
appeirancc
agittifoliuin,
Chmi-dr.Brsil,
Fr.,
and
/tare
Arum,
Ger.,
tears
a
near
resemblance
to
Arum
refully cultivated in the

111
i ' pleasing
carefully
leaves,there,
whichbutareboiled
as coleworts,
i. 1"^
to the taste. TheWest
rootsIndie*
are for
alsotheeaten
they are inandlesseaten
esteem
than the
This it' pieaamg
be the species of the Arum family
the
most
universally
cultivated.
Jd!B.
^*tand
West
Ind
J,butand
the
South
Sea
Islands.
The
root ItL
lea, will
China,
Jai
Zi-al:
^wdy acrid, and whm eaten raw,
baked in weak
hot ashes,
it
looses
its
acrimoexcoria
apt areto
and
well tasted
UnunvVbThe of plates
which
very: soft, glaucous, and covered with a stomach,
very fine and
silkyisnap,
'
in*tead
and are
dt-Jits.
800
*2006. A'RUM. W.
13461 crimitum J.W.
13462 Drac{inculus W.
13463 Dracntium W.
13464 vensum W.
13465 triphyllum W.
13466 atrorubens W.
13467 terntum W.
13468 Colocsia W.
13469 macrorhizon W.
13470 divarictum W.
13471 trilobtum W.
13472 macultum W.
13473 orixense R. Br.
13474 itlicum W.
1347.5 min(itum W.
13476 virginicum W.
$13477 Arisrum W.
134"8 tenuiflium W.
13479 cuculltum Lour.
13480 indicum Lour.

ARUM.
hairy-sheathed sy...a cu
Comm. Dragon St A or
Green Dragon
A or
purple-flower'd y: [A] cu
three-leaved Ski A cu
urple-stalked sy. A cu
apan
sy AI cu
Egyptian
* [A] cul
long-rooted
* [Z\] cu
divaricated
* [A] cu
three-lobed
* LZ\] cu
Common
* A w
Orixian
* [Z\] or
Italian
Sy A or
small
* [Z\] cu
Virginian
<\ A cu
CLAss XXI.
Aroideae. Sp. 3045.

1 mrap Br
Minorca 1777. R. s.l. Bot. reg. 831
3 jn.jl
Br
S. Europe 1548. R. s.l. Mor. s.13.t5.f45
2 jn
G
N. Amer. 1759. R s.l. Bot. rog. 668
14 mr
Pu
......
1774. R s.l
my.jn Br
N. Amer. 1664. R s.l. Bot mag. 950
jn.jl
Br
N. Amer. 1758. R. s.l. Pluk.a.l. t. 148.f5
+ my-ji Pu
Japan
1774. R. s.l
2
...
G
Levant 1551. R sp
2
... G
E. Indies 1803. R s-p Herm parad 73
2 jn.jl
G
E. Indies 1759. R s-p Rhemal 11. t.2J
1 my.jn Pu
Ceylon
1714. R s-p Bot. mag. 339
1 my.jl W
Britain sha.pl. R co Eng. bot. 1298
1 au.o.
Pu
E. Indies # R s-p Bot. reg. 4:0
14 myjn L.Y Italy
1683. R co Bot mag. 2432
my.jl Pu
E. Indies 1812. R co Rhemal. 11. t. 17
jn.jl
R
N. Amer. 1759. It s.
Friar's Cowl
Y. A cu 13 apjn
L.Y. S. Europe 1596. R s.l Jac schoe.2t.192
Grass-leaved
Y. A cu
ri. D. cu
rt. C cu
1 ap.jn
2
...
5
...
W.
ic Z\l or
hooded
Indian
13481 obtusilbum Link, blunt-lobed

13482 sagittifolium Link.
13483 viviparum Lodd.
13484 integriflium Link.
13485 ramsum Link.
arrow-headed y: [A] or 2
viviparous
r (Z\] or 13
entire-leaved ri. D. or 3
branched
rt D or 3
13486 hederceum W.
Ivy-leaved
e. [A] cu 6
13487 lingultum W.
tongue-leaved a D cu 6
13488 bulbiferum B. M. bulb-bearing # CA] or 3
13489 spirle W.
spiral
y: [A] or 1
13490 flagellifrme Lodd. whip-lash
* [A] cu 1
2007. CARYOTA. W.
CARYota.
13491 (rens W.
torn-leaved
in D or 20
13492 mitis Lour.
unarmed
* [-] or
my
G
myjn G
myjn
...
S. Europe 1570.
1824.
1824.
...... 1824.
...... 1824.
......
1817.
......
1825.
......
1810.
myjn Pu
W. Indies 1793. R. l.p Jac. amer, t. 152
...
...
my
Pa
my
Br
my
Br
Aalmae...Sp.
...
W. Indies 1793.
Bengal
1813.
1816.
Bengal
1819.
23.
E. Indies 1788.
G
Br
...
China
China
China
China
R.
R
R
R
R.
R.
It
R.
R.
It
R
R
s.p Bot. reg: 512

sp
sp
1.p
l.p
l.p Bot. cab. 281
lip
l.p
l.p
lip
1.p
Lp
Plum, ic. 26 t.37

Bot. mag. 272
Bot. mag. 2:0
Bot. cab.396
S. r.m Rhee.mall. t. 11
1820. S. r.m.
MONADELPHIA.
2008. NiPA. Thunb.
13493 fraticans Thunb.

*2009. ARE''CA. W.
13494 Ctechu W.
13495 humilis W.
$13196 olercea W.
Palmae.
NipA.
shrubby
* D or 10
CABBAGE-TREE.
medicinal
*
dwarf
T
esculent
E
...
Sp. 1.
W.
E. Indies 1822. S. r.m Rumph. L. t. 16
Palmae...Sp.59.
D clt 30
...
E. Indies 1690. S. r.m Rox.cor. 1. t. 75
Licit 6
...
W.
E. Indies 1814. S. r.m Rump.amb.I.t,7
= cit 40
...
W. Indies 1656. S. r.m. Jac. amer. t. 170
13463
2006. Arum. Formerly aron; supposed to be an ancient Egyptian word by which the A. colocasia was
known. The last mentioned name is an alteration of its Arabic denomination golqs, according to Forskahl
Perennial herbaceous plants, mostly natives of hot climates. The roots are fleshy, hot, and acrid, but in many
species eatable; they are generally without stems, and altogether, with the (' form a very singular
family...A. Dracunculus, Serpentaire, Fr., Drachenwarz, Ger., and Dracunculo, Ital., is a very remarkable plant;
the stalks of the leaves being spotted with brown and purple, like the belly of a snake. The flower, which, like
othcrs of the genus, has a very singular appearance, smells so strongly of carrion, that few persons can endure
it. It might be used in medicine and domestic economy for the same purposes as A. maculatum. A. Colocasia
has a tuberous thick large oblong root, and leaves resembling those of the water-lily. In Egypt and the Levant,
this plant is esteemed a wholesome food, though not very delicate.
The roots and petioles are boiled, and the
leaves when young are sometimes eaten raw. A. trilobatum, and various others, are similarly used in the West
Indies. There and in Europe the culture of all the species is of the simplest kind.
A. maculatum, Gouet, Fr., Aronswartzel. Ger., and Aro, Ital., has a tuberous whitish root about the size of
a large nutmeg, which is used both as food and medicine. On tasting them, they seem to be merely mucila
ginous and insipid, but they soon affect the
with a pungency as if pricked by needles; this uneasy
scnsation may be alleviated by milk, butter, or oil. The acrimony is ' in drying, and the roots become
farinaceous, insipid, and fit for boiling or baking. In the Isle of Portland, where the plant is very abundant,
the roots are gencrally eaten by the country people; they are macerated, steeped, and # powder so obtained
is dried and sent to London, and sold under the name of Portland sago. Medicinally, the root in its recent
stimulant,
diaphoretic, and expectorant. Though retained in the Materia Medica, it is seldom used.
*:
which succeed the flower are devoured by birds; and Mr. Curtis thinks, that even the roots are
ki
y them, particularly pheasants. Dried and powdered, they are used by the French as a wash for the
skin, under the name of cypress powder.
* * The Greeks gave this name to a kind of cultivated
date.
Pliny says, it was so called.
ORDER VII.
-"
---
801
23461 Leaves pedate entire, Spadix cylindrical shorter than ovate flat spathe, which is hairy inside
13462 Leaves pedate entire, Spadix lanceolate shorter than the ovate flat smooth spathe
13463 Leaves pedate entire, Spadix subulate longer than the oblong convolute spathe
13464 Leaves pedate entire, Spadix shorter than lanceolate spathe
13465 Stemless, Leaves ternate entire, Spadix clavate shorter than ovate acuminate flat stalked spathe
13466 Stemless, Leaves ternate ovate twice as short as spadix
13467 Stemless, Leaves ternate, Spadix longer than spathe
13468 Stemless, Leaves peltate ovate repand emarginate at base
13469 Stemless, Leaves paltate cordate repand 2-parted at base
13470 Stemless, Leaves cordate hastate, Spadix subulate longer than the reflexed ovate-lanceolate spathe
13471 Stemless, Leaves sagittate 3-lobed, Flowers sessile
13472 Leaves all radical hastato-sagitate: lobes deflexed, Spadix club-shaped obtuse shorter than the spathe
13473 Leaves hastate 3-parted, Spathe stalked 2-colored longer than spadix: the end lanceolate and deflexed
13474 Stemless, Lvs. veiny with white hastate sagit.: lobes auricled diyaricating, Spad.clav. shorter than spathe
13475 Stemless, Lvs. hastate sagittate mucronate: lobes deflex. Petioles dotted, Spad, cylind shorter than spathe
13476 Stemless, Leaves hastate cordate acute: angles obtuse
[cucullate spathe
13477 Stemless, Lvs. hast. sagittate mucron.: lobes deflexed oblong obtuse, Spadix cylind, incurved shorter than
13478 Stemless, Leaves linear-lanceolate, Spadix subulate longer than lanceolate spathe
13479 Caulescent erect, Leaves peltate cordate: auricles cucullate
13480 Caulescent subcrect, Leaves ovate bifid at base rounded, Spadices axillary
13481 Caulescent, Leaves peltate cordate acute cut out at the base with a wide recess
13482 Leaves sagittate acute rounded at base
13483 Leaves peltate cordate sagittate, Spathe roundish oblong acute, Spadix obtuse much shorter than spathc
13484 Leaves lanceolate acute entire, Edge of petiole sheathing, Spathe cucullate
13485 Leaves peltate cordate
13486 Caulescent rooting, Leaves cordate oblong acuminate, Petioles round
13487 Caulescent creeping, Leaves cordate lanceolate, Petioles with a membranous edge
13488 Stemless, Leaves decompound bulbiferous, Spadix oblong ovate shorter than the obtuse veiny spathe
13489 Stemless, Leaves linear lanceolate, Spadix lanceolate shorter than the oblong lanc. spirally twisted spathe
13490 Steml. Lvs. ov. ent or 3-lob. Spathe urceol. at base: reflex. and taper-point. at end, Spadix length of spathe
13491 Unarmed fronds bipinnate, Leaflets cuneiform obliquely bitten off
13492 Fronds bipinnate, Petioles nodding, Fruit 1-seeded
MONADELPHIA.
13493. Frond pinnated, Female flowers terminal capitate: male lateral with dichotomous peduncles
13494. Fronds pinnated, Leaflets plaited terminal bitten off, Stems and spadices smooth
13495 Fronds pinnated, Leaflets cuneiform truncate, Fruit globose ovate acute
13496 Fronds pinnated, Leaflets linear acute, Fruit oblong incurved
M13486
A 13475
- D, 13495
-
because a wine was prepared from it which soon got into the head, zzea, head. C. urens, a fine species of
palm, produces flowers in long pendulous spikes, which are succeeded by strings of succulent globular berries,
dark red when ripe, with a thin skin, soft pulp, and very sharp and acrid to the taste. In Ceylon, it yields a
sort of liquor, sweet, wholesome, and no stronger than water. It is taken from the tree twice or thrice a day,
and an ordinary tree will yield three or four gallons. They boil this liquor, and thus make a kind of brown
sugar of it, called Jaggory. The fruit is not eatable. When the tree has come to maturity, there comes out a
bud from the top; this bud they cut and prepare by putting salt, pepper, lemons, garlick, leaves, &c. over it,
which keep it from ripening. They daily cut off a thin slice from the end, and the liquor drops into a vessel,
which they set to catch it. The buds, like those of the Cocoa and Betel-nut, are excellent in taste, resembling
walnuts or almonds. C. mitis is a very beautiful palm, with fronds four feet long and a branched spike of
flowers, succecded by berries, round, coriaceous, smooth, black, the size of a musket bullet, but not eatable.
Both species grow freely in sandy loam.
20.8. Nipa. The name given to this fine palm in the Moluccas.
2009. Areca. The name which this palm bears in Malabaris, when it is an old tree, Areec; when young it is
called Paynga. A. Catechu produces the nut which is cut in slices, wrapped in the aromatic leaves of the
and chewed as we do tobacco. These leaves are previously covered with a thin layer of shell
lime (Ehunam), to preserve the flavor longer in the mouth. In most parts of the East Indies the natives are
continually chewing it, swallowing their saliva tinctured with the juice, and spitting out the rest. The inside
of their mouths appears as red as blood, and it gives their teeth a dark color: but it preserves the teeth,
the breath, and is a stomachic and diuretic. This palm is very generally cultivated in the East
"
noties.
A. oleracea is the highest of the American palms, and is very distinct from the East Indian Areca. The
sheaths of the leaves are very close, and form the green top of the trunk a foot and a half in length. The
3 F
802
MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.
1349, crinita W.
13498 lutscens W.
*2010, BE Lis salisb.

$13499 jaculiflia Salisb
E:
or
hairy-coated
yellow
Bells.
20
20
W
W
Conifera.
lance-leaved
...
...
1 L I or 20
...
Sp. 1.
Ap " China
Pinus lanceolata
CLAss XXI.
i. France 1824. S. r.m.

I. France 1824. S. r.m
1804. C. p.l Lam-pin.52. t.34
*2011. AGATHIS Salisb.
DAMMAR PINE.
Coniferae. Sp. 2-3.
$13500 loranthifolia salisb common
* D or 30
...
Ap Amboyna 1804. C. p.l
Rumph. 2. t. 57
Pinus Dammara
$13501 austrlis Hort.
Kawrie Pine
f*2012. Pi NUS. p.
13502 sylvestris W.
Pixie.
Scotch
dwarf
Corsican
pungent
Scrub Pine
13503 Pumilio ly,
13504 Laricio P. S.
13505.pdingens Ph
13506 Banksiana Ph.
13507 Mghus W.
13508 Pinster W.
* D tim 100
...
Ap
N. Zeal.
1821. C p.1
Coniferae. Sp. 22-27.

tm 80 my
Ap Scotland scalp. S. s.l. Lamb, pin-1-1
or 20 ap.my Ap Carniola 1779. S. s.l. Lamb, pin-5 tie
Mugho
cluster
tm 80
...
Ap
Corsica
tm 40
...
Ap
N. Amer. 1804. L. s.l. Milarb.1 p.61-ts
or 12 myjn Ap
or 10 myjn Ap
tm 60 apmy Ap
Huds. Bay 1785. L. s.l. Lamb, pin...t

Switzerl. ... S. co Jactic ra.l. tiss
S. Europe 1596. L. s.l. Lam-pin 9ts,5
tin 40 my
Ap
1814. S. s.l. Lamb pin-2.289
S. Europe 1548. L. s.l.
La-pin-11 to,7,8
13509 Pinea Jy.

13510 maritima IV.
stone
maritime
tin 40 myjn Ap
S. Europe 1759. L. s.l. Lapin.13ts, 10
13511 halepnsis W.
13512 inops Ph.
Aleppo
Jersey
pitch
tm
tm
tm
tm
Ap
Ap
Levant 1683. L. s.l. Lampin-15.t-11

N. Amer. 1739. S. s.l. Lampin-18 t.13
Ap
N. Amer. 1756. L. s.l. Lam-pin-out 14
13513 resinsa Ph.

13514 variabilis Ph.
13515 Taeda Ph.
13516 exclsa Wall.
13517 serotina Ph.
13518 rigida Ph.
two and 3-leav.

frankincense
Nepal
40
50
50
40
Ap
N. Amer. 1739. L. s.l. Lam-pin->t-15
tim 30 myjn Ap
N. Amer. 1713. L. s.l. Lapied tit.17
u_j tim 100
Fox-tail
three-leaved
my
my
my
myjn
...
Ap
or 60 myjn Ap
or 80 my.jn Ap
Nepal
1823. S. s.l. La pi 2.5.3
N. Amer. 1713. S. s.l. Miarbles it."

N. Amer. 1750. L. s.l. La-pi.e5, t-18.19
13499
inhabitants
off this
top, take
of twopepper
or three
in fried
diameter,
of the
the
leaves closelycutfolded
together,
andout
eattheit, white
eitherheart
raw with
andinches
salt, or
withconsisting
butter iike
artichoke.
2010. Betis.
Named
R. A. Salisbury,
in the
Transactions
of thea Linnean
Society,
from *, isa javelin."
account
of the form
andbytexture
of the leaves,
which
are not unlike
javelin head.
Blanceolata
a beautiful
evergreen shrub, with distichousneat leaves, easily cultivated in any good conservatory.
2011. Agathis. From 23, a cluster, because the flowers are collected in clusters. This genus is formed
of the Dammar Pines, of which the A. australis, or New Zealand Cowdie Pine, is one of the finest trees." the
world, often growing perfectly straight to the height of 100 feet or more, and yielding one of best descriptions
of wood for masts.
2012. Pinus. This name is of Celtic origin, and is the same in all the dialects of that tongue: Pinor",
a rock or mountain, has given rise to pin, in Armorican; peinge, in Erse; pinua, in Welsh: Pin" in Anglo
Saxon; pine, in English; pynbaum, in German; all signifying the fir-tree: hence also the Appennin's (Alpes
pennines), Pennafiei, Pennafor, &c. towns of Spain embosomed in mountains. The fruit of P. Pinea was
formerly called Nux pinea, the pine nut. Pinaster is Pliny's name for the wild pine Cembra is an alteration
of the word cembro or cirmoio, the name given by the inhabitants of Trentin and Valteline to the Plant
Taeda is derived from the Greek'22, 22.2%, which signifies a torch, for which the wood of P. taeda is particularly
adapted. Strobus is a name employed ": Pliny for an eastern tree, which was used to perfume apartments.
The moderns have applied it to a noble North American species.
The trees which compose this genus are not less remarkable for their grandeur and beauty. than for their
valuable timber. They are all evergreens, and of lofty and erect growth. The trunk of the Scotch pine is more
generally employed and more universally applicable as timber than any other tree in, the temperate zone of
the northern hemisphere. P. sylvestris, Pin, Fr., Keifer or Fhre, Ger., and Pina, Ital, is erroneously called
a fir; and has the term Scotch applied to it, because it is the only species of the genus indigenous to Britain, and
there only in the northern parts of Scotland. It is also indigenous in the Alps, in the north of Germany,
Russia, and abundantly so in Sweden and Norway. The finest pine woods in Britain, are, at Invercauldin
inverness-shire, and Gordon Castle in Aberdeenshire. The timber of the Scotch pine is the red or yellow
deal of the north of Europe, and is the most durable and valuable of any of the genus, unless we except: "
Point of durability, the larch. That grown in cold elevated situations in the highlands of Scotland, is found to
not interior in quality to any imported from Norway; but that which has been planted in the low districts,
is greatly inferior in point of durability, and can seldom be used in house carpentry and joinery: The trees
of great value as a nurse plant to others less hardy. The trunk of the tree produces resin by incision, and the
roots tar by distillation. Several varieties of the wild pine have been noticed by botanists.
According
to
Sang,
thevariety
varietywhich
commonly
is least
worth
thetrees
trouble.
P. sylvestris,
var. montana,"
hewood
say"
is the
yields cultivated
the red wood:
even
young
of thisThe
sort are
said to become
red in their
and full of resin very soon. The late Mr. Don, of Forfar, exhibited specimens of cones of each variety to the
Highland Society of Scotland, and likewise to the Caledonian Horticultural Society. The variety preferred by
Lon, is distinguished by the disposition of its branches, which are remarkable for their horizontal direction,
and for a tendency to bend downwards close to the trunk,
the leaves are broader and shorter than in the
*mmon kind, and are distinguishable at a distance by their much lighter and beautiful glaucous appearance
ORDER VIII.
805
13497 Fronds pinnated, Stems hirsute, Spadixes branched spiny, Spines incurved
13498 Fronds pinnated, Leaflets plaited bitten off, Stems and spadixes branched smooth, Fruit roundish gibbous
13409 Leaves solitary lanceolate flat spreading, Cones round, Scales acuminate
13500 Leaves elliptical lanceolate striated

13501 Leaves ovate oblong smooth not striated
13502 Leaves in pairs rigid, Cones conico-ovate acute as long as the leaves, generally in pairs
13503 Leaves in pairs, Trunk ascending, Cones ovate erect
13304Lvs. twin very long of two forms, Cones ovate, Scales narrowed at base verythickened at end not angular
13305 Leaves twin shortacute, Cones ovate conical, Prickles of scales long subulate incurved: lower reflexed
13506 Leaves twin divaricating oblique, Cones recurved twisted, Crest of anthers dilated
rigid, Cones oblong generally in pairs rounded at base
13507 Leaves double or
13508 Leaves twin roughish at edge, Cones oblong conical shorter than leaf narrowed at base, Scales echinate
13500 Leaves twin: the first ciliated, Cones ovate blunt somewhat unarmed longer than lear, Nuts hard
13510 Leaves twin very fine, Cones ovate-conical very smooth solitary stalked
13511 Leaves twin, Cones ovate-conical rounded at base somewhat shorter than leaf, Scales blunt
13512 Leaves twin, Cones oblong-conical the length of leaves solitary rounded at base, Scales echinate
13515 Leaves twin, Cones ovate-conical rounded at base solitary #as short as leaves, Scales unarmed
13514 Leaves twin or ternate, Cones ovate-conical subsolitary, Prickles of scales incurved
13515 Leaves long, Cones deflexed: spines inflexed, sheath of leaves long
13515 Leaves in 5s very long slender lax toothletted, Cones cylindrical smooth pendulous longer than leaves
13517 Leaves 3 very long, Cones roundish ovate mucronate
13518. Leaves 3, Cones ovate clustered, Spines of scales reflexed, Sheath of leaves short
The bark of the trunk is smoother than in the common kind.
The cones are thicker, and not so much
pointed.
The plant is more hardy than the common sort, grows freely in almost any soil or situation, and
quickly arrives at a considerable size.
P. laricio is said to be nearly allied to the Scotch pine, but a much handsomer and finer tree. Professor
Thouin considered it equally hardy with P. sylvestris; its wood is more weighty and resinous, and
more compact, stronger, and flexible. It grows wild on the summits of the highest mountains in Corsica. P.
resinosa, the red Canadian pine, is not unlike the Scotch pine, but rather redder in the bark. The timber of this
tree is frequently imported as masts, and is considered valuable. Grown on a damp and fertile soil, it is much
less durable than from elevated situations; it is equally hardy with P. sylvestris. P. pinaster is a grand and
'";
picturesque tree, and is a great favorite with the Roman and Florentine painters. The timber is of less value
than that of any of the others that have been mentioned; in Switzerland it is cut into shingles for covering
their houses. It is highly deserving of culture as an ornamental tree, but not for timber.
P. Pinea is very common in the south of Italy; there is an immense forest of them at Ravenna, and they
are much planted in the gardens of the villas of Rome and Fiorence." The seeds of this and the last species
are eaten throughout Italy, both by the poor and rich. They are as sweet as almonds, but with a slight flavor of
turpentine. The wood is not so resinous as that of most of the other sorts, and the tree can only be considered
as deserving culture for its pictorial effect. P. Cembra, the Tannenbaum of Lord Byron (Childe Harolde),
and the Aphernousli pine of Harte (Essays), grows higher up the Alps than other pines, and is even found at
elevations where the lrch will not grow. The wood is very soft, and having scarcely any grain, is very fit for
the carver. The peasants of the Tyrol, where this tree abounds, make various sorts of carved works with the
wood, which they dispose of in Switzerland among the common people, who are fond of the resinous smell
which it exhales.
P. Taeda has longer leaves than the wild pine, and larger cones than P. Pinea; the timber is like that of the
pine, but has more resin. There are a number of these trees at Woburn Abbey, which grow as freely
as the Scotch pine, and the timber, as far as it has been tried, is superior.
Scotch
P. palustris is remarkable for the length of its leaves, which often exceed a foot, and hang down in tufts at
the cnd of the branches, having a singular appearance. It grows in a warmer climate than most other pines;
produces a valuable timber in America, but has been but little cultivated in this country. P. strobus forms the
connecting link between the pine and the larch tribe, and is the tallest tree of the genus. The bark is smooth
and elegant, and the leaves numerous, soft, and of a bluish green. The timber is imported in vast quantities
under the name of white pine; it is much used in house carpentry, but is considered less durable than the red
deal of Norway (P. sylvestris), or the pitch pine of Canada
resinosa). The tree seems to be of so delicate
a habit, as to prevent our expecting it ever to become very large or valuable in Britain. It has been a good
deal cultivated, having formerly been supposed the most valuable tree of the genus, next to the common
iwine.
The
Pinus canariensis seems never to have been well described or understood.
Some have taken it for the
Pinus Larix, others for the Pinus taeda, whilst others had confounded it with the Pinus maritima. Von Buch,
and the late Christian Smith, named it in their catalogue of the vegetation of Teneriff, Pinus canariensis,
and they state, that it inhabits that island from the edge of the sea to an elevation of 6700 Parisian feet
above the level of the sea; but that the region where it is most abundant may be reckoned at frcm 4080
3 F 2
804
13519 palstris Ph.

13520 canarinsis Buch.
13521 longifolia W.
1352.2 Strobus JV.
13523 Cmbra W.
swamp
Canary
long-leaved
Weymouth
Siberian
t"2013. ABIES, Salisb.

13524 Frasri Ph.
13525 Picea ji'.
13526 Balsmea W.
13527 canadnsis Ph.
13528 orientalis lift.
Fia.
Double Balsam
Silver
Balm of Gilead
Hemlockspruce
Oriental
13529 clanbrasilina Hort. Clanbrazil

13530 commnis
Norway spruce
13531 alba Ph.
White spruce
tm
or
L_J or
tm
*
tm
or
tm
or
or
or
or
tm
tm
20
...
40
...
40
...
50 ap
25 my
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
CLAss XXI.
N. Amer.
Canaries
E. Indies
N. Amer.
Siberia
1730.
1815.
1801.
1705.
1746.

30 my
Ap
Pensylv. 1811.
30 my
Ap
Germany 1603.
50 my
Ap
N. Amer. 1696.
30 my
Ap N. Amer. 1736.
30 my
Ap
Levant 1825.
6 my
Ap
......
...
100 ap
Ap N. Europe 1548.
50 my.jn Ap N. Amer. 1700
S.
S.
G
L.
S.
s.l Lampin-27. t.30

s.l. Pl. r. gen, c. ic.
p.1 Lam-pin-29. t.21
s.l Lam pin-31, t-ze
s.l La. pi.34 t 23, 24
C
L.
S
S
S
s.l
s.1
s.l.
s.l
co
Lam-pin-46 t.30
Lam-pin 48 t.31
Lam-pin-50, t.32
Lam-pin.c. ic.
L co
S. s.
S si
Lam-pin 37.t.25
Lam-pin 39.t.26
13521;
to 5900 feet, where snow falls for about a month. The temperature of the zone M. Decandolle estimates to
be similar to that of Scotland, or to the north of France, or of Germany. The wood is resinous, highly
inflammable, and is excellent for constructing buildings, being known to continue sound for ages.
-
The Pinus inops, Jersey pine, pitch or scrub pine, is of middle size, straggling growth, and full of resin. Its
branches are tougher than those of any other pine, and might be used for many purposes if its wood were not
subject to so early a decay. The pitch pine, P. resinosa, is generally known in its native country by the name
of Norway pine; sometimes, particularly among the Canadian French, red pine.
It grows in close forests, is
very tall, and its bark remarkably smooth and red: the timber is very heavy; for which reason it is rejected
for masts, though its shape and size appear to recommend it for that purpose. The scrub pine, P. Banksiana,
is a small straggling tree, which in some instances, when growing among barren rocks, does not rise above five
or eight feet high, though it will grow to a considerable size when by accident or culture it is brought on good
soil : trees of this species now in England exude a great quantity of resin from their branches. The yellow
pine, P. variabilis, is most in use for building houses as well as shipping. P. taeda, the loblolly or Oldfield pine,
is found in large tracts in the southern states of North America: all the woods seem to be filled with its seeds;
for when any piece of cleared land is neglected for any space of time, it will be covered with these pines. It
is difficult, and in some cases almost impracticable, to recover lands so run over, as the ground appears to have
lost all fertile properties for other vegetation. The long leaved, yellow, pitch, or brown pine, P. palustris, is a
beautiful as well as very useful tree. The white or Weymouth pine grows in the state of Vermont to an
enormous size; it is the best timber in America for masts.
2013. .1bies. According to Bullet, this name is derived from one of the dialects of the Celtic, abetoa, whence
abote, Italian, abeto, Spanish, &c., . Hesychius, the Greek grammarian, calls it *".
Abies communis, Sapin, Fr., Fichtenbaum, Ger., and Abiete, ital, is one of the tallest of European firs, with
a very straight but not thick trunk. It is a native of the north of Germany and Russia, and particularly
abundant in Norway; its timber being the white deal, and, at an earlier age, the long spars imported from that
-
country and the Baltic.
The timber is inferior to that of the common pine in durability and bulk; and being
often knotty, is not proportionally strong for horizontal bearings with that timber. White Norway deal, how
ever, is used for a great variety of purposes in building; and the entire tree're more prized than any other
for masts for small craft, for spars for marine purposes and on land. What constitutes the value of this
fir is, that its timber
durable at any age, like that of the larch; and what renders it peculiarly
adapted for masts, spars, scaffolding, poles, &c. is its habit, almost in every case, whether standing single or
'''
detached, of growing perfectly erect and straight. The tree may be cut for rods, stakes, and scythes, or other
implement handles, when the trunk at the base is not more than two inches in diameter, and the bark being
kept on it, it will prove almost as durable as the larch. Pontey says, that poles of spruce are so far inferior to
those of larch, that they are more apt to crack when exposed whole to the influence of the sun and air : but
in all other respects they are nearly equal to it, and in straightness surpass it. The tree is peculiarly valuable
as a nurse, from being evergreen and closely covered with branches, by which radiated heat is retained; from
its conical shape and rigid stem, by which it does not suffocate or whip the adjoining trees; from its being
valuable at whatever age it is thinned out; and from its being an excellent shelter for the most valuable game.
It will not, however, grow in clevated situations, where the common pine and larch will flourish. It is also an
excellent hedge plant for shelter, but is deficient in point of defence and durability. By incision, it yields a
resin, from which, by various preparations, turpentine and Burgundy pitch are formed. The tops or sprouts
give the flavor to what is called spruce beer.
A alba, rubra, and migra, are American firs of the spruce kind, resembling in their general properties those
of Europe. The black spruce is reckoned the most durable: in America it is used for knees for ship-building,
where neither oak nor larch can be easily obtained. These knees are not prepared from two diverging
branches, as in the oak, but from a portion of the base of the trunk connected with one of the largest diverg
ing roots. The timber of the red spruce is universally preferred throughout the United States for sail yards,
and, indeed, imported for this purpose into Liverpool from Nova Scotia, where it is also used for constructing
casks for salted fish. It is chiefly from the decoction in water of young shoots of the black spruce, and not
from those of the white species, as supposed by Lambert, that the celebrated beer is prepared by
with a due proportion of sugar and molasses. The essence of spruce of the dealers is prepared
* 'v'ting this decoction to the consistence of honey.
of: : more stable and majestic form than any of the firs. The upper surface of the leaves is
***, and their under surface has two white lincs running lengthwise on each side of the
ORDER VIII.
13519
13520
13521
13522
13523
805
Leaves 3 very long, Cones subcylindrical muricated, Stipules pinnatifid ragged persistent
Lvs very fine and slender of a bright glaucous green, Cones oblong pendulous. Scales obtuse spreading
Leaves 3 very fine very long, Sheath long, Stipules entire deciduous, Crest of anthers convex entire
Leaves quinate, Cones cylindrical longer than leaf lax
Leaves quinate, Cones ovate obtuse, Scales appressed, Nuts hard
13524 Leaves solitary glaucous beneath emarginate, Cones ovate obl. erect, Bractes oblong reflexed emarginate
13525 Leaves solitary flat emarginate pectinate, Scales of cone very blunt appressed
13526 Leaves solitary flat emarginate subpectinate suberect above, Scales of the cone in fl. acuminate reflexed
13527 Leaves solitary flat toothletted somewhat distichous, Cones ovate terminal scarcely longer than leaf
13528 Leaves solitary,4-cornered, Cones ovate cylindrical, Scales rhomboid
13529. This is a stunted variety of Abies communis
13530 Leaves solitary 4-cornered, Cones cylindrical, Scales rhomboid flattened repand at end eroded
13531 Leaves solitary 4-cornered incurved. Cones subcylindrical lax, Scales obovate entire
midrib, giving the leaves that silvery look which has given rise to the name. The timber is reckoned much
inferior in value to that of the common pine, or of the white spruce. It should not be cut till after forty or
fifty years growth; at this age, if it has grown in a sheltered rocky steep or dell, it will be found to have
produced a great bulk of timber. It is more prolific in resinous matter than any other tree of the tir kind.
A. balsamea is a tree of more delicate habits than the silver fir: its timber is of little value, and the balm or
resin procured from it possesses no medical properties superior to those of common turpentine. During
summer, the tree sends out a pleasing terebinthinate odor.
A canadensis is a drooping low evergreeu tree, elegant in appearance, and valuable as growing under the
shade or drip of other trees.
All the species of the pine, fir, and larch families, with the exception of one or two, as yet rare in this
country, are raised from seeds. The cones are gathered in the winter season, and exposed to the sun, or to a
gentle heat on a kiln, in order to facilitate the separation of the seeds. The cones of the cedar should be kept
for a year at least after they are taken from the tree, before the seed be attempted to be taken out... This is
necessary on account of the soft nature of the seeds, and the great quantity of resinous matter which the conez
contain when growing, and which is discharged by keeping. Cedar cones are generally imported from the
Levant, and the seeds retain their vegetative powers for many years. The cones of the Scotch pine, spruce,
and larch, are the principal kinds which are opened by kiln heat. The cones of the Weymouth pine, silver fir,
and balm of Gilead fir, give out their seeds with very little trouble. April is the best season for sowing all the
species. The soil should be soft and rich, well mellowed by the preceding winter's frost and snow, carefully
dug and raked with a long toothed rake as finely as possible. The rarer sorts are generally sown in pots, but
the more common in beds. The manner of sowing is by first drawing off the surface of the bed to the depth
of half an inch; then drawing a light roller along it to render the surface perfectly even; next depositing the
seed; and afterwards replacing the earth drawn off with a spade as evenly as possible. This is what is techni
cally called bedding in, and is one of the nicest operations of nursery culture. The seed of the Scotch pine
and Pinaster require a covering of half an inch in depth; those of the Weymouth pine, three quarters of an
inch; and those of the stone pine, an inch and a quarter. The Cedar is generally sown in broad pots, or boxes
of light sandy loam, and covered half an inch.
he seeds of the larch require a covering of only a quarter of
an inch; those of the spruce fir, an inch; those of the silver fir and balm of Gilead fir, from half to three
quarters of an inch. The seeds of the American spruce fir are smaller than those of any of the preceding
kinds, and therefore require a lighter covering than any of them; one-fifth of an inch is quite sufficient. The
strictest attention is required, both in regard to quality of soil, and thickness of covering the seed; for though
resinous trees are extremely hardy when grown up, yet they are all very tender in infancy. In sowing the
seed, a considerable loss will be sustained by the suffocation of young plants if it is deposited too thick, and by
the want of plants if too thin. The judicious gardener will be regulated by the goodness of the seed, and the
size of the foliage of the different species. The raising regular crops of the pine family is reckoned a master
piece of nursery culture in the open ground; and as it has been most extensively practised in the Scotch
nurseries, it is generally considered as best understood there. (See Sang. Plant. Kal.)
The pine, fir, and larch families benefit less by transplanting in the nursery than the non-resinous trees.
And in general, where circumstances admit, the better plan is to remove them at once from the seed-bed at
two years old, to where they are finally to remain. The more delicate species, including the cedar and most
of the pines, are best transplanted into pots, unless they can be placed at once where they are to remain.
The more common pines and firs are transplanted at two years of age into nursery lines, about the middle of
April for all the tribe, excepting the larch, which, being deciduous, should be transplanted in February. No
description of tree-plants receive so much injury as this tribe from the loss of roots, from the roots being
exposed to the air by being kept long out of the soil, or from compression and exclusion of air and moisture
by being kept in close bundles, or thick layers. They should, therefore, be finally planted as soon as possible
aiter removal from the nursery; and, indeed, whenever it is

no more should be taken up in one
day than can be planted that day or the next. Nor are any plants more easily deprives of the vital principle,
by packing and carriage either by sea, or land; though, being all evergreens, excepting the larch, they do not
readily show it.
This has been stated to us by experienced planters in Wales and different parts of England,
as the reason why so few trees are finally produced from the immense numbers of Scotch pine and larch fir
annually sent to the south by the Scotch nurserymen.
Abies Balsamea forms an elegant tree forty or fifty feet high.
in high and cold situations in the
northcru states of North America, where it is called balsam of Gilead fir, fir balsam, and American silver fir.
s F 3
#:
806
13532 r (ibra Ph.
135.3 migra Ph.

*2014. LARIX. Salisb.
13534 communis
13535 pendula W.
13536 microcrpa W.
$13537 Cdrus iv.
tm 50 my
tm 50 my
Red spruce
Black spruce
Coniferae.
LAach.
common white
Black
Red
Cedar of
Lemon?
N. Amer. 1755. S si
N. Amer. 1700. S. s.l
Lam-pin-43. t.38
Lam-pin-41. t.37
Sp. 4-5.
tm 50 mrap Ap
Ap
tm 30 my
tm 80 my
or 60 my
Schuhentia.
deciduous Cypress Y
or
Cuprssus disticha L.
2016. PODOCAR/PUS, L'Her. Popoca RPUs.
* L or
13539 macrophyllus Hort. long-leaved
13:40 verticilltus Hort, whorl-leaved in U or
African
u_j or
13541 elongtus P. S.
nut-bearing
L_1 or
13542 n(icifer P. S.
2017. CUPRESSUS. W. CYPREss.
or
13543 sempervirens W. common
upright
or
a stricta
horizontalis
spreadin
or
# Goa or
13544 lusitnica W.
White Cedar
or
13545 thyoides W.
* LJ or
African
13546 juniperoides W.
slender-branch.* l l or
13547 austrlis P. S.
Annon Vitae.
2018. THU/J.A. py.
American
or
Chinese
or
13549 orientlis W.
2015. SCHUBERTIA. Mirb.
13538 disticha Mirb.
Ap
Ap
Class XXI.
Germany 1629. S s! Lampin-53 ts:

N. Amer. 1739. S s! I am-pin 56 t.36
Ap
N. Amer. 1760. S. s.l
Ap
Levant
Lam-pin-58, t:37
1683. S. s.l. Lam-pin-59. t.37
Coniferae. Sp. 1.
Ap N. Amer. 1640 S s-p Micarb.3 p.4t-1
30 my
Coniferae. Sp. 4-6.
Ap China
10 jLau
Ap Japan
...
10
Ap C. G. H.
10 jl
Ap Japan
20
...
Coniferae. Sp.5-9.
Ap Candia
20 my
Ap Mediterr.
20 my
Ap Mediterr.
20 my
12 ap.my Ap Goa
20 ap.my Ap
1804.
...
1774.
1822.
C
C
C
C
1-p Bank.ic. Kae.t.24

1.p
lip
lip Kae.amoen..t.815
-
1548. S co
... S co
.... S co
Dend, brit 155

-
1683. Cpl Lampin.95, t.32

N. Amer. 1736. L co Dend brit. 156
6 ap.my Ap C. G. H. 1756. C pl
10 ap.my Ap N. Holl.
... S. p.l
Coniferae. Sp.4-9.
Ap "N. Amer. 1596. L co Miarb.8p.2%ts
25 my
Ap China
25 my
1752. S. co Dend. brit 149
13538
The hemlock spruce is a very elegant tree, and grows in some situations to an enormous size: its bark is a
fine substitute for oak-bark in tanning.
2014. Larir. This has also for its root the Celtic word lar, which signifies fat, in allusion to the abundance
of resin affordcd by the plant. Even Dioscorides remarks, that Larix is the Gallic name for resin. The
authors of the Dictionary of Trevona make the word Cedrus come from xv.23%, sweet-scented, on account of
the balsamic odor exhaled by the wood when burned.
L. Cedrus, Cdre, Fr., Cederbaum, Ger., and Cedro, Ital, is unquestionably the most celebrated tree of the
genus, and not less remarkable for the irregular grandeur of its form. The general character of its shoot,
even when the tree is young, is singularly bold and picturesque, and quite different from that of every other
species of the tribe. It is a native of the coldest parts of the mountains of Libanus, Amanus, and Taurus;
but it is not now to be found in those places in great numbers. Maundrell, in his journey from Aleppo to
Jerusalem, in 1696, could reckon only sixteen large trees, though many small ones; one of the largest was
twelve yards six inches in the spread of its boughs. The forest of Libanus never seems to have recovered the
havoc made by Solomon's forty score thousand hewers: so that we have now, as Professor Martyn observes,
probably more cedars in England than there are in Palestine.
From the branchy head of this tree, and its aversion to pruning, it is not likely ever to become valuable as
timber in this country. . When planted for that purpose, it should, as Sang recommends, be sown in groves,
and thus by proximity drawn up with few branches. Much has been said of cedar timber, which borders on
the miraculous; as far as experience has gone, it is greatly inferior to that of the common larch, or the wild
pine. The great use of the cedar is to plant singly on lawns, or in the margin of plantations, where one or
two specimens will give force and character to the dullest front of round-headed trees.
L. Communis, Mleze, Fr., Lerchenbaum, Ger., and Laricio, Ital, is a deciduous tree, and there are two
or three species or varieties not yet distinctly ascertained. There is a variety with red and another with
white flowers; one with cinerous bark, called the Russian larch, and one with pendulous branches, L.
pendula and L. microcarpa, are considered species or subspecies; the timber of both is said to be harder
than that of the common white larch; but these trees have never yet had a fair trial in this country... As
their
andonfrom
be larch trees
Athol,
seeds
andtheir
specimens
few largeestimate
areaapractical
there
the Athol
merits
country.soon
in will
this probably
The redobtained,
formed of
mayatbeDunkeld
progeny
estates do not contain one-third as many cubic feet of timber as the white larch of the same age. The wood
is
so ponderous that it will scarcely swim on water. (Hort. Trans. iv. 416) The timber of the white larch has
been as much extolled as that of the cedar, and with much more reason. The rapidity of its growth is not
less remarkable than the durability of the timber. Both have been experimentally proved in the Highlands
of Scotland. It is stated by the Duke of Athol, that on mountainous tracts there, at an elevation of 1500 or
1600 feet, the larch, at eighty years of age, has arrived at a size to produce six loads (300 cubic feet) of timber;
appearing in durability and every other quality to be likely to answer every both of civil and naval
*hitecture. (Hort. Trans. iv. 416.) The tree will arrive at a timber size in almost any situation or soil.
Sang, a forest manager of extensive practice, has paid great attention to this tree. It bears, he says, the
*cendancy over the Scotch pine in the following important circumstances: that it brings double the price, at
least, per "'ureable foot; that it will arrive at a useful timber size in one-half, or a third part of the time,
"8", which the pine requires; and, above all, that the timber of the larch, at thirty or forty years old,
ORDER VIII.
807
13532 Leaves solitary subulate, Cones oblong blunt, Scales rounded somewhat 2-lobed entire at edge
13533 Leaves solitary 4-cornered erect straight, Cones ovate, Scales elliptical wavy at edge erect
13534
i5535
13536
13537
Leaves fascicled deciduous, Cones ovate-oblong, Edges of scales reflexed lacerated, Bractes panduriform
Leaves fascicled deciduous, Cones oblong, Edges of scales inflexed, Bractes panduriform sharply acumin.
Leaves fascicled deciduous, Cones roundish few-fl. Scales reflexed, Bructes panduriform bluntly acuminate
Leaves fascicled rigid evergreen acute, Cones roundish, Scales truncate appressed
13538 Leaves distichous spreading
13539 Leaves solitary lanceolate remote

13540 Leaves whorled linear falcate
13541 Leaves lanceolate, Branches whorled

13542 Leaves solitary linear cuspidate remote
13543 Branches quadrang. Lvs. imbric. in 4 rows blunt appr. convex, Cones glob. Scales unarm. Branchesstraight
13544
13345
13546
13547
Branches quadrang. Lvs. imbric. in 4 rows appr. glauc keel. Cones subglob. Sc. mucron. Branches pendulous
Branches compressed, Leaves imbricated 4 ways ovate warted at base
Leaves linear much spreading decussate
Leaves linear crossing appressed, Branches very slender
13548 Branches 2-edged, Leaves imbricated in 4 rows ovate rhomboid appressed naked warted, Cones obovate
13549 Branches 2-edged. Lvs. imbricat in 4 rows ovate rhomboid adpressed furrowed in middle, Cones elliptical
13545
when it has been planted in a soil and climate adapted to the production of perfect timber, s in every respect
superior in quality to that of the pine at 100 years old. In short, it is probable, that the larch will supersede
the Scotch
in most situations in this island, at no very distant period.
The chief objections to the timber of the larch are its liability to warp and twist; but this Monteath and
others have proved ' be effectually prevented by barking the trees in spring while growing, and not cutting
them down till the following autumn, or even for a year afterwards.
his is also said to prevent the timber
from being attacked by the dry rot. The bark of the larch is more than half as valuable as that of the oak in
tanning; turpentine is extracted from it in the Tyrol by incision; but that being always injurious to the timber,
can never be recommended for adoption in this country. (See Encyc. of Gard. 7053.
Guide, 2d edit. p. 234.)
Monteath's Forester's
Like all other trees, and especially the resinous tribe, the timber of the larch is much affected by climate and
soil. A certain elevation of surface, coldness of climate, and inferiority of soil, is absolutely necessary to pro
duce the timber in perfection... Sang has known it in many places make the most rapid progress for thirty or
thirty-five years, and though there was no external signs of disorder, yet when it was felled, the wood #:
*:rixtopendula,
rot in the hearts of the trees, and some were quite hollow a good way upwards. (Plant. Kal. 59.)
black larch, Tamarack or Hackmatack of the Americans, is a beautiful tree, resembling the
European larch in appearance, as well as in the excellent qualities of its wood and bark.
2015. Schubertia. Named in honor of M. Schubert, a Polish botanist. The deciduous cypress grows in
extensive swamps, and on the banks of large rivers, from Indian river, Delaware, to Florida, and on the Mis
sissipi; it is one of the largest trees of the new continent, and one of the most valuable timbers that country
produces; it grows to a considerable height, in this country, though the extremities of the young shoots are
almost every autumn destroyed by frost. The finest specimens are at Sion-house and Blenheim.
2016. Podocarpus, . From re; robes, a foot, and x&#ros, fruit; in allusion to the stalk of the fruit. The
species are increased by ripened cuttings in sand under a hand-glass.
2617. Cupressus. In Greek zvrastroos, from the isle of Cyprus, where this tree is very abundant Cupressus
sempervirens is a common timber tree in some parts of the Levant. It was employed by the Moors round their
palaces, and both by the ancient and modern Romans in their villas and gardens. The timber of this tree is
said to resist the worm, and to be of great durability. The doors of St. Peter's church at Rome were formed
of this material, and have lasted eleven hundred years. The Greeks made their coffins of it; and the mummy
chests of Egypt are many of them of this wood. In Crete, Malta, and other places, it is used for the common
urposes of building, and when imported into this country it is employed by the cabinet-maker and turner.
ear buildings, where the prevailing architectural lines are horizontal, it forms very suitable combinations:
it is also considered an appropriate tree for burial places. , C. Thyoides is an abundant tree in the swamps of
New Jersey and Pennsylvania. It is used for fencing and house-building, and is in the highest esteem for
shingles and pipe staves.
C. lusitanica is a native both of Goa and Japan, and the handsomest tree of the
genus. It is easily distinguished from all the evergreens of the Coniferae by its abundance of very long dicho
# endent branchlets. The culture of the hardy species of this genus, and also of Thuja, is the same as
nato
1nus.
2018. Thuja. An alteration of thya, its real name; from Sval, to sacrifice... Its wood, which gives out when
burnt an agreeable perfume, was used in sacrifices. Thuja occidentalis, Cdre blanc, Fr., is a well known
3 F 4
MONCECIA MONADELPHIA.
808
13550 articulta W.
jointed
or
13551 cupressoides IV
African
L-J or
*2019. TriCHOSANTHES. W. SNARE Gouan.
13552 Anguina W.
common
+ C) or
13553 cucumerina W
Cucumber-like ~x OJ or
$13554 tubersa W.
tuberous
*_ _A or
2020. MOMOR/DICA. W. MoMordicA.
13555 Balsmina IV.
Balsam Apple 4 Oj or
13556 Charntia W.
hairy
-4 Ol or
13557 operculta W.
rough-fruited et O or
13558 Lffa W.
Egyptian
OJ or
13559 Elatrium W. Squirting Cucumber.: A or
*2021. CUCURBITA. W. Gouan.
1356) ovifera W.
egg-shaped
-x O clt
13561 lagenria W.
bottle
-: O clt
13562 aurntia W.
Orange-fruited -3. O] clt
13563 Ppo W.
Pumpkin
-k O clt
13564 verrucsa W.
warted
O clt
13565 subverrucsa W.
pimpled
O clt
13566 Meloppo W.
uash
O clt
13567 Citrllus W.
Water Melon
OJ clt
2022. CU/CUMIS. W.
13568 Colocynthis IV.

13569 prophetrum W.
13570 Angria W.
13571 africana W.
Cucumber.
bitter
globe
round prickly
African
O! or
OJ or
C).] or
OJ or
CLAss XXI.
15 finny Ap
Barbary 1815. S co Bot. cab. 844
10
...
Ap C. G. H. 1799. S p.1
Cucurbitaceae. Sp. 3-12.
4 my.jn W
China
1755.
co Bot. mag. 722
4 jn.jl
Y
E. Indies 1804.
co Rheemal.8 t. 15
6 jn.jl
Y
W. indies 1810.
co Plum ic. t. 24
4. jn.jl
Y
India
1568.
Co
4 jm.jl
Y
E. Indies 1710.
co Bot mag. 24.5
4 jn.s
Y
W. Indies 1731.
co Comm rar. t. 22
4 jLau
L.Y E. Indies 1739.
co Rum.am.5.t.147
r In Bot mag. 1914
4 jn.jl
Y
S. Europe 1548.
3 jl.s
Astracan
...
10 jl.s
India
1597.
co Rum.am.5. t. 144
3 jn.au
1802.
Levant
1570.
16 jn.au
12 jn.jl
......
1658.
co
12 jn.jl
co
3 my.s Y
......
1597.
co Moris. s.l..t.8.f4
6 mys
S. Europe 1597.
co Rum.am.5.t.146
6
2
2
2
--
Cucurbitaceae. Sp. 1319.

my...au Y
C. G. H. 1551.
jn.s
Y
Levant 1777.
jl.au Y
Jamaica 1692.
jl.au Y
C. G. H.
...
S. r.m.
S co
Jac. vind. 1. t. 9
S co
Mill.ic. 1. t.33
S co
Herm. part.134

popular evergreen, which, though it seldom rises above the height of a shrub here, yet in Upper Canada attains
the height of a timber tree, and the wood is considered more durable than any other. The trunk is sawn up
into planks and boards for houses and boat-building, and the branches used for posts and fencing. The smaller
branches and spray form besoms, and the leaves, made into a salve, are used by the Indians to cure the
rheumatism. In England, the timber has been chiefly employed by the turner and cabinet-maker. In its
native country the Arbor-vitae succeeds best in soils where the roots have abundance of moisture. It grows
tallest in swamps and marshes; in very dry places it never comes to any degree of perfection. The first tree
of this species sent to Europe, was planted in the royal garden of Fontainbleau, in the reign of Francis the
first. T. orientalis is a shrub resembling the other in general appearance. Both these species are readily
increased by seeds, cuttings, or layers.
2019. Trichosanthes. From 9.3%, hair, and 2,90s, a flower. The limb of the flower is divided into ten parts,
of which the five outer are reversed and acute, the five interior ciliated. T. Anguina is a popular annual, with
the habit of the common cucumber. The flowers are cut into many small threads, and the fruit is taper, and
nearly a foot long. T., cucumerina has smooth fruit of a red or orange color, the size of a pear. In the
popular
of Malabar, the seeds are used for disorders of the stomach and bowels. Culture as for the
'"
common gourd.
2020. Momordica.
From mordeo, momordi, to chew; its seeds have an irregular rugose surface, and
the appearance of having been chewed.

of Bryony.
M. elaterium has a large fleshy perennial root, somewhat like that
The stems are thick, rough, trailing, branching, with rough leaves on long footstalks. The fruit
is an inch and a half in length, swelling like a cucumber, of a grey color like the leaves, and covered with short
prickles. When fully ripe, it quits the peduncles, and casts out the seed and juice with great force and to a
considerable distance through the hole in the base, where the footstalk is inserted. For medicinal use, the
fruit is gathered in
just before it is ripe; and the clear juice which runs from it and that obtained
by the expression of the fruit are inspissated, and form the elaterium of the shops. This fruit is a very violent
cathartic. It was much employed by the ancients, who regarded every part of plant as purgative; but Dr.
Clutterbuck has proved that this is an error. (Thomson's
Disp. 388.)
M. balsamina has a fleshy ovate fruit, remotely tubercled in longitudinal rows, smooth in the other parts,
red when ripe, bursting irregularly, and dispersing the seeds with a spring. This fruit in Syria is famous for
curing wounds. They cut it open when unrupe, and infuse it in sweet oil, exposed to the sun for some days,
tantil the oil is become red. It may then be applied to a fresh wound dropped on cotton. M. operculata has a
green fruit, the top of which falls off when it is ripe like a lid; within it has no pulp, but is dry, and filled
with netted fibres, very much interwoven.
2021. Cucurbita. A Latin word signifying a vessel. It is said to be derived from the Celtic cuce, a hollow
thing. C. lagenaria has a fruit shaped like a bottle, with a large roundish belly, and a neck very smooth.;
when ripe of a pale yellow color, some near six feet long and eighteen inches round; the rind becoming hard,
and being dried contains water; seeds quadrangular oblong, cut off and emarginate at top, three-cornered
and beaked at bottom; edge keeled with a double raised line, smoothish, of a pale bay color. The Arabians
call the bottle gourd Charrah. The poor people eat it boiled, with vinegar, or fill the shell with rice and meat,
and thus make a kind of pudding of it. # grows in all parts of Egypt and in Arabia, wherever the moun
tains are covered with rich soil. In Jamaica, the shells are generally used for water cups, and frequently
*rve for bottles among the negroes and poorer sort of white people in the country. A decoction of the leaves
OR pen VIII.
MONCECIA MONADELPHIA.
809
13:50 Branches compressed, Lvs. imbricated in 4 rows lanc. acute appressed warted under end, Cones 4-cornerod
13351 Branches round, Leaves imbricated in 4 rows oblong appressed smooth, Cones 4-cornered roundish
13552 Fruit rounded oblong incurved, Leaves cordate repand mucronate toothletted
13:33 Fruit ovate acute, Leaves roundish cordate angular repand
1.3354 Fruit oblong acute, Leaves 5-lobed palmated entire
13535 Fruit roundish ovate narrowed at each end angul warted, Bract cordate toothed above midd. of pedunc.
13355 Fruit oblong acuminate angular warted, Bract cordate entire below the middle of the peduncle
1.x, 7 Fruit elliptical angular warted beaked, Beak deciduous forming a lid
13358 Fruit cylindrical oblong, Furrows chain-like, Bract cordate entire at the base of the peduncle
13.559 Fruit elliptical hispid, Leaves cordate hispid blunt toothed, Stem without tendrils
13560 Leaves cordate angular 5-lobed toothletted downy, Fruit obovate striped with lines lengthwise
12361 Leaves cordate roundish obtuse downy toothletted with 2 glands at base beneath, Fruit woody clavate
13562 Leaves subcordate about 3-lobed cuspidate finely toothletted rough, Fruit globose smooth
13563 Leaves cordate obtuse about 5-lobed toothletted, Fruit roundish or oblong smooth
13564 Leaves cordate deeply 5-lobed: the middle lobe narrowed at base, Fruit roundish elliptical warted
13565 Leaves cordate deeply 5-lobed: middle lobe narrowed at base toothleted, Fruitclav. ellipt, somew, warted
13566 Leaves cordate obtuse about 5-lobed toothletted, Fruit depressed umbonate tumid at edge
13567 Leaves 5-lobed, Lobes sinuate pinnatifid blunt, Fruitelliptical smooth
13568 Leaves multifid, Fruit globose smooth
13569 Leaves cordate 5-lobed toothletted blunt, Fruit globose spiny muricated
13570 Leaves palmate sinuated, Fruit round echinate
13571 Fruit oval echinate, Leaves palmate sinuated, Stem angular
is recommended much in purging clysters; and the pulp of the fruit is often employed in resolutive poultices:
It is bitter and purgative, and may be used instead of Coloquintida.
-
C. pepo, Patisson. Fr., has hispid branchy tendril stems, which in good soil will extend forty or fifty
feet in a season, and cover an eighth part of an acre. The fruit is oblong, ovate, varying in form and
size; some not less than four feet in circumference, in some parts of England the pompion (corruptly
pumpkin) is sometimes planted by cottagers on dunghills, and suffered to trail at length over the grass of an
orchard. When the fruit is ripe,
cut a hole on one side, and having taken out the seeds, fill the void
space with sliced apples, adding a little sugar and spice, and then, having baked the whole, eat it with butter,
under the name of pumpkin pie. On the continent the fruit, both unripe and ripe, is used in soups, stews, and
- fried in oil or butter. The tender tops of the shoots boiled as greens are much more delicate than the fruit.
c. aurantia is more tender than the common pompion. The fruit is small, round, of a bright yellow when
'
ripe, and may be used like those of the other species, C. verrucosa has a small round fruit, with a woody rind.
in America it is gathered when half grown, and boiled to eat as a substitute for greens; but for this purpose
this and most of species are inferior to the succade Gourd.
C. melo
, Potiron, Fr., Pfebin Kurlass, Ger., and Popone, Ital, has a large fruit, reddish yellow or
yellowish-white within and without, roundish, but often flatted at top and bottom; torulose, and sometimes
warted. It is cultivated in America as a culinary vegetable. C. Citrullus, Pastque, Fr., Wassermelone,
Ger., and Cocomero, Ital, is readily distin"lished from all the other species by its deeply cut leaves. The fruit
is roundish, large, smooth, often a foot and a half in length, with a white icy flesh, streaked with dark red
and black seeds. It is much cultivated in the warm countries of Europe, and also in Asia, Africa, and
America, for its cooling quality. It serves the Egyptians for meat, drink, and physic. ... It is, eaten in abund
ance during the season, which is from the beginning of May until the overflowing of the Nile; that is, to the
of August. It is the only medicine the common people use in ardent fevers. For
this purpose they have a variety that is softer and more juicy than the common sort: when this is very ripe,
or almost putrid, they collect the juice, and mix it with rose-water and a little, sugar. This fruit should be
eaten by Europeans with great caution; when taken, in the heat of the day, whilst the body is warm, colics
end of July or
and other bad consequences often ensue, and it is well known that persons are much troubled with worms at
the time this fruit is in season.
The Succade Gourd, a variety of C. ovifera, has an elliptic oblong pale-yellow fruit, by far the best for culinary
-
purposes of any species of the genus. When very young, it is good tried with butter; when about half grown,
it is excellent either boiled as a substitute for greens, or stewed in slices with rich sauce; when full grown, it
is used for pies. Sabine, who has cultivated most species of Cucurbita, considers the vegetable marrow without
a rival. (Hort. Trans. vol. ii. 255)
All the species may be raised on a hot-bed in April, and transferred to the open garden at the end of May,
under a warm aspect and in a rich soil; or they may be sown in a trench filled with hot dung, where they are
finally to remain. Their after culture is of the easiest description. .
it is not very generally known, that the tender tops of all the species of the Cucurbita and Cucumis families,
whose fruit may be eaten, when boiled form a very tender substitute for greens.
2022. Cucumis. A word with the same derivation as the last. , C. Colocynthis has fruit the size and color of
orange; the pulp light, spungy, and white, and most intolerably bitter. When ripe, it is peeled and dried in a
stove, and in this state it is imported from the Mediterranean under the name of coloquintida. Medicinally, it
810
1692.
India
Y
jn.s
1570.
......
mys Y 1705.
Levant
jl.au Y
1759.
Levant
Y
jn
1815.
......
Y
jn.s
E. Indies 1573.
Y
jl.s
E. Indies 1597.
my..s Y
...
E. Indies
my.s Y
E. Indies 1805.
jl.au Y
SiNGLE-seeded CucuMBER. Cucurbitaceae. Sp. 2-6.
N. Amer. 1710.
Y
angular-leaved -3 O cul 3 jls
Y
E O cul 3 jls
Vine-leaved
13572 acutngulus W.
acute-angled
13573 Mlo Ji'.

13574 Dudim ly".
13575 Chte py.
Melon
-x O or
-k OJ cul
Apple-shaped + C) or
-k OJ or
hairy
-k OJ or
pubescent
13576 pubscens W.
common
13577 sativus W.
-3. O cul
Snake
13578 flexusus W.
-k OJ or
+ C) or
Serpent
13579 anguinus W.
-* Cy or
13580 maderasptanus W. Madras
2023. S1C/YOS. Jy.
13581 angulta W.
13582 vitifolia W.
2024. Bir YONIA. W.
13583 scbra W.
13584 triloba IV.
13585 verrucsa W.
13586 grndis W.
13587 epigae'a W.
13588 scabrlla W.
13589 latebrsa JW.
13590 dioica W.
13591 alba W.
13592 mitida Link.
13593 crtica W.
13594 quinquloba Th
18595 ficifolia W.
13596 palmta W.
13597 lacinisa W.
13598 africana W.
13599 disscta W.
CLAss XXI.
2
4
6
3
3
4
6
6
3
BRYoNY.
*- LA un
* LA un
* LAJun
rough
great-flowered 5 [A] un
umbel-flower'd #IDZ\lun
-: [O]un
bristly
* LAJun
hairy
-: A m
red-berried
black-berried Li. A m
$ la] un
shining
* LAJun
Cretan
* LAJun
five-lobed
5. Lalun
Fig-leaved
* [A] um
*... [Z\] un
aciniated
* LAJun
African
smooth-leaved 2. LA un
globe-fruited
threc-lobed
I'
2025. ANDRACH/NE. Jy.
Sabb, hort. t. 63
Ger herb.763.f3
Rumph. 5. t. 148
Pluk.al. t. 170f2
Plu.phytit.26.f4
8 my...au W.G. E. Indies 1783.
...
2 my.jl
3 jn
8 my.s
8 jn.jl
3 jls
1: jl.s
3 jn.o
3 ... ...
4 jLau
4 jl.au
4 jLau
3 jLau
W.o.
Sabb hort t. 65
Bot rep. 548

Alp.aegypt. t117

W.G. C. G. H. 1774.
6 so
W.G. C. G. H. 1825.
6 so
W.G. Canaries 1779.
...
4
2
Jac.vin.3.t.73,74
E. Indies 1815.
R.am.5.t.166 fl
W.G. E. Indies 1781.

W.G. Canaries
1779.
W G Britain
W.G Europe
......
W.G.
hed.
1807.
W.g. Candia
Br
W.G
WG
W.G.
W.G.
W.G.
C. G. H.
Buen. Ay.
Ceylon
E. Indies
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
Eng: bot. 430

Lam ill. t. 795
1824.
1759.
...
1726.
1778.
1710.
1759.
1710.
An mus.12. t. 17
Bot reg.82
Dillelt t50.f58
Herm lugdit.07
Herm-par. t. Its
:''
Euphorbiaceae. Sp. 1-2.

1732. S Co Lam ill t. 797
Italy
W
# Jl.au
Carolina 1787.
LAJun 2 jLau Y
s.p
N. Amer. 1812.
Y
...
5
BAstARD ORp1Ne.
annual
13600 telephioides W.
2026. STILLINGIA. W. StilliNGia.
wood
13601 sylvtica W.
Privet-leaved
13602 ligustrina IV.
O w
un
1703.
China
Y
* D ec 10 s
Sp.
16-60.
Euphorbiaceae.
PuYllanthus.
.
W.
*2027. PHYLLANTHUS
Ap N. Amer. 1803.
O un #jl.au
annual
13604 obovtus W.
E. Indies 1783.
Ap
* Dun 3 jl
13605 maderaspatensis W. Madras
America 1771.
Ap
...
5
* Dun
great-leaved
13606 grandifolius W.
E. Indies 1802.
G
...
* D pr 4
Venomous
13607 virsus W.
China
G
jl
shining-leaved a D pr 2
13608 turbintus B. M.
...
E. Indies
R
* D pr 3 aus
netted
13609 reticultus Hort.
E. Indies 1819.
G
* Upr 4 au.s
13610 fraxiniflius Hort. Ash-leaved
Caribbees 1817.
G
au.s
10
Mimosa-like * D pr 6 jl
13611 mimosoides W.
W. Indies 1791.
G
* DJ pr
Brazilian
13612 Conmi W.
E. Indies 1793.
G
* D pr 14.jl.au
racemed
$13613 racemsus W.
E. Indies 1692.
G
jn.s
*
[O] pr
Indian annual
13614 Nirri JP.
E. Indies 1805.
G
3 jl.s
pr
D
*
many-leaved
13615 polyphyllus W.
E. Indies 1768.
G
...
12
* D pr
shrubby
$13616 Emblica W.
13603 sebifera W.
co
r.m.
Tallow-tree
8.p
S.p.
Plu.am. t.390.f5?
sp
s-p
s.p
s.p
s-p Bot mag. 1862
s.p Bot cab. 116
s-p Bot. cab. 839
8.p Bot cab. 721
l.p Aub. gui.2 t 354

sp
sp Rhemal 10 t. 13
sp
*.p Bot. cab. 548

on account of its violent effects.
a very powerful drastic cathartic, requiring to be employed with caution, on
is
When given '' in ''e d'es, it purges vehemently, producing violent gripings, bloody eject",
convulsions andi
inflammations of the bowels.
(Thom. Lond. Disp. sil.
of this descrip
unfrequently
lire farther notice in a wor
sativus ' o (w:x2", an apple) are too well known to
*not
e fruit is of the size
ar stems, and small flowers.# those of Bryony. Th
l
tion. c. anguria has hispid angul k-green color, and prickly like a hedgehog. It is eaten green, or with other
C. prophe
and shape of a pullet's egg, of a dar
in:
an agreeable and wholesome ingredient
herbs in soups in the West India Islands, and is esteemed
: the odor nauseous, and the taste as bitter as Coloquintida.
tarum has a striped fruit smaller than a melon india is eaten boiled and pickled. C. Chate has a roundish
butisinsomewh at sweet and cool, but not so cool as the water melon.
very insipid,
C. acutangulus
of like
The
the taste
that of the ismelon;
almost
fruitfruit
least to
have, and that from which delicate persons have
In Egypt it is eaten as the most pleasant fruit they
of the common cucumber. easant. The specie"
apprehend. The culture of all the species is sim ilar to that
'.Y23. Sicyos X,xver was one of the Greek names of the cucumber, from sixxar, unpl
er of its growth. B. alba and
are trailing plants like those of Cucumis, but with much smaller fruits:
2024. Bryonia. ... From va, to push or grow rapidly, in allusion to the mann.
red one species. Goat""
*r in little else besides the color of the berries, and by some are conside
-
dioica, di
ORDER VIII.
811
15572 Leaves roundish angular, Fruit with 10 acute angles

13573 Angles of leaves rounded, Fruit torulose
13574 Angles of leaves rounded, Fruit spherical with a retuse nipple
13575 Hirsute, Angles of leaves entire toothed, Fruit fusiform narrowed at each end hairy
13576 Leaves cordate subangular acutish finely toothed scabrous, Fruit elliptical blunt downy
13577 Angles of leaves straight, Fruit oblong rough
13578 Leaves angular somewhat lobed, Fruit cylindrical furrowed curved
13579 Leaves lobed, Fruit cylindrical very long smooth doubled up
13580 Leaves cordate entire toothletted, globose smooth
13581 Leaves cordate with an obtuse angle, 5-angular toothletted smooth
13582 Leaves roundish-cordate with a recess 5-lobed toothed hairy viscid
13583 Leaves cordate angular toothed rough with callous dots above and hairs beneath, Fl. in umbels
13.584 Leaves 3-lobed smooth above rough beneath
13585 Leaves cordate angular above and the veins beneath covered with callous dots, Tendrils simple
13586 Leaves cordate angular entire smooth with callous dots above and 5 glands at the base beneath
13587 Leaves 3-lobed rough toothed, Lateral lobes angular somewhat 2-lobed, Fl. axillary somewhat umbellate
13588 Lvs. 3-lobed toothed hispid on each side, Lat lobes dilated angular: middle elong. Stemmuricato-hispid
13589 Leaves somewhat 3-lobed hairy narrowed at base
is 590 Leaves cordate palmate 5-lobed toothed with callous dots, Fl. racemose dioecious
13.591 Leaves cordate 5-lobed toothed rough with callous dots, Flowers racemose
13592 Leaves cordate 5-lobed apiculate hairy, Peduncles in umbels
13593 Leaves cordate 5-lobed entire with callous asperities on each side
13594 Leaves 5-lobed toothletted scabrous above, Peduncles 1-flowered
is595 Leaves 5-lobed somewhat toothletted, Lobes obtuse, Petioles and stem hispid
15596 Leaves Palmat: smooth 5-parted: segments lanceolate repand serrated
13597 Leaves 5-parted palmate, Segm. oblong lanc. acuminate serrated, Petioles muricated, Peduncles 1-flowered
is 508 Upper leaves 5-parted palmate, Segments oblong cut-toothed: lower cordate angular toothed
isogo Lvs. 5-parted palmate, Segm. pinnatifid linear revolute at edge rough, Flowers in umbels, Berries acute
13600 Procumbent herbaceous
13.601 Leaves sessile oblong blunt narrowed at base serrulate, Stem herbaceous
13602 Leaves petiolate lanceolate narrowed at each end entire, Stem shrubby
13,603 Leaves stalked rhomboid acuminate entire, Stem arborescent
13604 Leaves obovate bluntish, Flowers twin axillary stalked, Stem branched round erect
15605 Leaves lanceolate cuneate blunt mucronate, Flowers solitary stalked axillary, Stem shrubby branched
13606 Leaves ovate-oblong blunt mucronate, Flowers axillary in threes, Branches compressed 3-cornered
13607 Leaves elliptical ovate blunt narrowed at base, Fls, axillary aggregate dioecious, Branches square compr.
13608 Leaves simple orbicular-ovate lucid, Flowers axillary: male turbinate nodding
13609 Leaves oblong obtuse netted with red veins beneath, Flowers racemose and fasciculate
13610 Leaves elliptical acute at each end, Stipules ovate acute as long as petiole, Flowers fascicled
13611 Lvs. pinn flower-bearing: leaflets oblong attenuated at base and narrower on one side, Fls axill. aggreg.
13612 Lvs. ovate acute, Fls axill. somew, umbelled, Pedunc. filiform with 2 bractes at base, Branchlets compr.
13613 Leaves lanceolate acute, Flowers terminal about 3, Branches pinnaeform 2-edged
13614 Lvs. pinn. ff. bearing: leafl. elliptical obtuse, Pedunc. axill, lower usually twin and male; upp. solit fem.
13615 Lvs. pinn, fl. bearing: leaflets linear obtuse mucronate, Flowers axillary solitary; the female uppermost
13616 Leaves pinnate fl. bearing: leaflets linear sharpish, Flowers axillary clustered, Petioles round downy
13003
13616
the only quadrupeds said to eat this plant. The root grows to a vast size. Gerarde says, the queene's chiefe
chirurgeon, Master William Goodorous, shewed me a roote heereof, that waied halfe an hundred waighte, and
of the bignesse of a childe of a yeere old. To this Linnaeus ascribes the quickness of its growth, though it
springs late. The roots have been formerly by impostors brought into an human shape, carried about the
country, and shewn for mandrakes to the common people. The method which these people practised, was to
open the earth round a young thriving Bryony plant, being careful not to disturb the lower fibres of the root;
to fix a mould such as is used by those who make plaster figures close to the root, fastening it with wire to
keep it in its proper situation, and then to fill in the earth about the root, leaving it to grow to the shape of
the ould, which is effected in one summer. This root is a famous hydragogue, and highly purgative and
acrld.
2025. Andrachne. The Greek name of the Purslane. The modern plant bears some analogy to that of the
Greeks, in its thick and fleshy leaf Plants of little beauty, and the easiest culture.
20-6. Stillingia. Named after Dr. Benjamin Stillingfleet, an English botanist. S Sebifera is the tallow-tree
of China. An oil is expressed from the kernel, which hardens by cold to the consistence of common tallow,
and by boiling becomes as hard as bees' wax. , Stillingia sylvatica is considered a specific in cases of syphilis.
. Phyllanthus. From tuxxar, leaf, and *Sor, a flower, because the flowers grow upon the edges of the
Class XXI.
MONCIA MONADELPHIA.
813
s.p
Bot
mag. 1021
R
Jamaica
17R3.
au
fI3G17 latiflius W. en. Sca-si!e Laurel
Jamaica 17B9- *P
22 jlau
513618 aoguttilSlluf Wen mrrow-leaveil
Bahama LI699. s.p Bot rep. 331
jl.au
$13619 Talctus W. licklc-leaveu *
sp. 1* S .
Euph,
S028.
ALEUHl'TES.
W.
Society
Is. 1793.
10
...
Ap
136) triloba W.
thrce-lobcil J
Euphorbiace/e.
Sp. *__.
ra.
OMPHA'LEA.
IV.
limun.
:
!i
Jamaica
17(>J. .1 Bot cab.
15
|njl
13621 trindra W.
long-lcaved t
Euphorbiaee.
Sp.
1.
aWO.
HIPPO'MANE.
IV.
MAVr
msKRL.
80 ... G W.Indies 1690. L . Jacq.amer, tU9
l.XtZi Mam-jnlla IV. comitioil
14- 1692. p.l Jac. amer. 1 158
S031. SA'PIUM. W. SAPTU4
30 .
... G W.Sp.Indies
1362J aucupnum W.
Euphorbiaee.
2017S4.
18, p.l Rhee.mal.6. tfil
v.
2032. CRO'TON. W. variegated
W.a E Sp.
Indies
S .1 Bot cab. 4SI
1S624
varicgtum
W. rosemary-leav.
W.G
W. Indies 1733.
136'i5
linerc
Jac.
W.a
Carolina
1786
.1 Martdec.4AM
13626
maritimum
W.
W.a
VeraCrui
1731.
marsh
136Y7
palustre
W.
W.a
Jamaica
1778,
Actp.m2.tl7
laurel-leaved
!
13628 glaltllum
W.c
&S. Europe
1570.
$13629
tinctrium 7.W.
f. offcinal
W.G
Amer.
1733.
Hliee.mai.tS
silver-leaved
13530 argnteum
W.a
E.
Indice
1796.
purging
W.a Jamaica I7+K LpLp Plutal.t-220.C5
I36lTglium
W.
Sea-tide
Balsam
W.G
13632
EleutriaSw.W.
Jac.ic3.tKi
glittering
13633
mlcans
W.a Jamaica
Caraccas 1815.
1791. Lp
13634
pongens
W. W. pungent
W.a
Cuba .
17991 Lp.1 Rum.am.3.tl6
pencilled
W.G
Ceylon
13635
penicilltum
.1
13636 aromaticum W. aromatic
W.G
W.a Jamaica
Ceylon 1799.
1803. .1
13637
himile *. F. humble
Molucca
13638 moiuccfinum
Ateurites
. woolly
W.a W.
Indies 1782.
I Mart.dc5(t*6
13639
Astrotes
W.a
VeraCruz
1730.
.1 Bot cab. 870
13640 lobtum
FT.'.
vnrious-leavcd
W.G
E.
Indies
1810.
136*1
Barb, Link, painted
2 my.jn W.G
1824.
136*2 picture
toment&ium
downy
Euphorbiacc*.'Antilles
Sp. 9211825.
*2033. JATROPHA. W. Napa-leaveil
Physic-Nut.
S LP B0tcsb.m
un 33 jn.au
13643 napa?iflia
W.W. Cotton-leaved I*
W.
Indies 1690.
Bot. mag- W
iny.au
G
"
Cuba
1S09- SS .
13644
gosevpil'61ia
r.m BotB*ejfl
3
my.au
R
ft
CJor
picy
13645
integrrima
W.
Cuba
1800.
4
my.au
S
or
flddle-leaved
13646 pandurscIUa if. angular-leaved * 4 ... G S. Amer. 1731. S r.m Pir.lond.91
13647
3 jn.au S. Amer. 1696.
muleilid
13G48
multilidaW.
**5Pr
'me
I .
il
**|
leaves.
Man*angem,
ofi ilt rxSS
Projvgatton,
Thetheabolished
Use,
remarkable
for theCulture,
neatness
of their
foliage and general
Hp**
f
pretty
thl,V? mk
!w
. ^*,1'..8
llhHistory,
'f Ii"ow
deluded
is very
generally
on accourt
edges ith
imilthudr*
I'"8"
^l^rance
ofin it,PhvlUlKhu*,
leaflet leaf-like
branches,cultivated
covcml over
tbf
128. Meurites,
From -n
Lul.
''1 t,ie
t11^ ^
speciesofrequire
common
stovetoculture.
,far.
Ubttaooe
A
handsome
'r
r>
"
tne
P'ant
seeming
be
dusted
with
a
under a hand.Bl"ssT^1
culture, and ripe cutt.iigs with their leaves untouched, root
^?^^rKd^rÎ^#0f
O'nphalandria,
nameV^W.
under awhich
Browne,
in;
tt KJg
male
organs
at?oSSStta.^
He ^,mas"
t aoccupying
navel,Dr.ofandPatrick
a stamen
"Bht knmv soil, ana Sin It ? I,aYc,-hke
the centre
the flowers.
It gro
*
which grew'\d ffifr 11(|<- madness the name was given by the Greeks* aphj
mano
must
not,
however
^
"a"gfn,us
property
of
making
horses
furious.
Tb>*
^
-The
ManchinwUreeIr'u-
W"h the8ea
1."* of 1
Vir^' Caribbee
Georgia,Islands
whichand
is anneighbounng
imalsubstw
The loave
re oV^ t ? .te l h , v"t^"5L'0n
coobot
(ve all the girxmd with^K^^ a"d Xf^ hining. The fruit fall off from the tree spMitancou*.^
Weh wUeefS
t^JSft 2*7 aê
said totobebeeaten
by error.
^boie
trees4>oOnA !he
w\th^hL?mv*?
But*,
tnis ^,
" PPoslandby are
Jacquin
a vulgar
nus with a .hit* m.lk, which U highly poisonousjaiid so very caustic, that a single dmppJ
"wim
~n ofa
hot
in'7a"hnitineoe
short Mnnanlflsii
Tai
raises areposed
blister.
v.r,,'.<\t hcaus
.! i> lutethe,
nof>-a <y"<>
1'^,*
for 4
upon the skin.isoun^linstantly
sensation
hot iron,
iron, and
and iB\*F^.\
reused
S0^Zvt
beliefthat
totimesleepwithout
beneathinconvenience.
the branches isThe
deathwood
; butisJacquin
TSatcriaJ
torwho
{,.^^
trees,^
Hours
.i
a
most
^"tiluM"J
tell
t
he ^s"!
vanrgatcd
with
brown
and
white,
and susceptible
of a .^^
high . Ii^ i onieras not
!!'hc
c0Untry
kindle
a
tire
around
the
stem,
by
which
means
the
juice
to
clear
the
ot their axes. Whole woods on the eea-coast of Martinique have been *
sucli a dangerous peat
VIII.
MONCIA MONADELPHIA
13
1618
Leaves pinnate
linear-lanceolate
Un
S
S
"
Pmwite
linear-lanceol,,,.
,:_
13t>19 Leaves scattered linear-lanceolate i
16) Leaves 3Jobed
Flogen triando, stem rboreacent

138 I
1363 Leave* oblong acuminate serrulate, Petioles with 2 glands at the citri
5* ave lanceolate cnt.re smooth variegated stalked
J Leaves
j-*4"" elliptical
linear entire
sulked downy
6
entirebluntish
hoarylicnealh
downy beneath stalked, Spikes ten nal Tew-flowcred
.
M
0Tete
lanceolate
ptaiteil
serrated
scabrous
jH Leaves ovate hluntish entire smooth, Fruit
stalked
g Leaves
Leaves ovate
ovate seriated
rhomboidatrpand
entire at base hoaryStipulesciliated,
on each side, Pedunc.
terminal subrap.tatehracteate
about 3-.
*w
end hoarydownybeneath,
Spikesterminal
w",'*1'<earum ! MTi.ir.--l Smootb .m glands ;.t , PetiuUstinrter than k-..f, Ii. hue-
m'"ite entire smooth silvery w.thscales tx>n R~
am
1.jo
11* S iJ|
j '. i
5
s
r IP
. i n,un'us
cabrous
downy
be
beneath
with
at l,asc
,,f *
"~< Leaves
leaves subcordate
ovate acuteangular
sulKordate
scatscabrous
rousciowny
above
,,,.,
escalrons
alnv.
! 2!
.?Mnaa Sat hthe hbase, Jtaceme
termmni
13638
bluntentire
rpand
downy
beneath
abroUb
llOWIlv
him^.h
1359 Uaves
subcordatewithscabrous
downy beneath
and with 2 glands at , Branches densclj
i'titi)
leaves obL-lanc
3-5-loled serrated
Stemandstained
herbaceous
jSHl
leaves
oblong-lanceolate
obtusehairy
at basepetioles,
variegated
with red, Spikes axillary subcrect
13 Downy, Leaves cordate roundish blunt rpand greenish above hoary beneath
MM Leaves
palmate 7-lobed
beneath
lobes pinnatifid.
1 gland
at endand petioles
1j6H
Lvs. cordo-lobcd
errate<lhispid
fringed
with stinging
glands, :Branched
glandularPetiole
hairs with
in axilhe
of leaves
1*45
Leaves
ovate
acuminate
entire
vcrv
smooth.
Racemes
suueymose
1*46 leaves cordate
oblong sultpindurifonn acuminate entire angular at base with 2 teeth on each side
136*8 Leaves
Leaves palmateangular
11-lobed smooth : lobes pinnatifld cunate, Stipules setaceous multifid
_ . \ 1301 -*
Mi
Ii Jims II
.
M
ip SmdiUWiu
.fopbtm. A name wh and Macellanema l'arltcutars.
TN II
fuhKlc.
"neare
in
usaiiv cmUlm-p.1 in
ine, whi
. B lrnEa
irritation
xl'JI'J?,
," 10 wt'at<-n
Wo violent'"rtoriim
power..
Itali
,Ja,na":a--e June
"?,
janjjdca,
is used to ."'color
wines anduc tmitorium
jelliei. Thehil
reme,,,, and ^ he , ^
^"^
Class XXI.
MONCIA MONADELPHIA.
S
r.m
Sloan.jara.l.t*
S. Amer. 1739.
lcU
3 Jl.au
Cassava
$1349
ManihotW. W.
160. S r.m Itot cab-tTS
3or
my.jl GGG Braxil
tinging
13b50
VeraCruz 1759. S r.m Reliq bou.fi.IB
Qun 3ljjl.au
annual
13651 irein
herbcea W.
910. S HoLmsg-SW Hep
Palma-Christi.
Euphorbtacea..E. f.
2034. Rl'CINUS. W. Castor-oil
Indies
13652
communis
W. grecil plant .QJ
Indies 1548.
18uS. S s-p W. horLber.
.QJ m 66 jl.au
iiu G E.Africa
1365J
viridis
W.
African
*i_or
15
jLau
13654 africnua W.
CG. H. 1795. SS p
livid-leavcd
g.p Jac.
Jac. itid.1- 1tBS1!
13655
Hvidus W.W.
emooth-capsul. i_J
HI oror 86 jlj .an Pu
India 1758.
14i
S
s.p
Botrqi
lS656inrmie
Malta
1807.
U
rough-capsuled
.QJ
or
6
JjLi
S
sp
Uum-anwl-l-l
136.57
scollop-leaved .QJ r * J^J ( E. Indies 1810.
13658 armtus
Tanriue.W.R.
Euirfiorblacra:.
Sp.
2.
Sandbox-Trek.J I j or 12 ... W.Y & Amer. ... S pi Lam.ilU7S5
2035. HU'RA. W.
unequal-tooth.
1S659
1366 etrpons
crepitans . cquaUoothcd J or IS ... W.Y & Amer. 17
SWrcullacew.
523. Skp.1 Bot. reg. 1**
2036. Balnghas
STERCU'LIIV.A. W. coronet-liower.
9nuvUt or 20 jn.a
G \V.Sp.Indies
ISfifil
p! AiUkpiiALM
Indies 1787
17P3 SO
13662 crinlU
W.
haiV-capsuled SS en
E.
Indies
17& pi Box.cor.U
(G China 17^.
or H
13663
rens
W.
stinging
13664
13665 plataniflia
fer/tida W. W. Plane-tree-lvd.
fetid
*. or 8 ... G E. Indies 1< S p.l Itliee.nulAt-*
12. 17S0. p.l Rhcc.maL6.tSl
2037.
HEHITIE'RA.
W.
Looki^cGlass
Plant.
E.SP.Indies
13666 littorlis W.
Laurel-leaved f
or 20
Euphorbiaccte.
Sp.
14;
2038. ACA'LYPHA. Virginian
Acalypha
" - G N. Amer.
I75ft S Sell, han
13667 carolinina
virginiea W.W. Carolina
g , Vah.vmlil.t30
13668
13669
ciliu
W. W. en. few-rlowered
S
13670
pauciflra
SS o BhemaliatJ
saw-lcaved
13671
brachystchyaff'.eis
Jac-ic
Indian
13672
ndica
W.
Fox-tail
13673
alonecuroldea
W.
various
leai'cd
tnw
13674
diversiflia
Jacq.
entire-leaved * un
1375 intcgrii'lia IV. red
13676
ribra
W.W.
hispid
13677
hispida
cuspidate
13678 virgta
cuspidtaW. W.
virgite
13679
rough
13680 scabrsa W.
2039.
DALKCHAM'PIA.
W.
13631 srnriens If.
13652
is then pressed, and ben dried is a powder resembling sun. li or, "uwer Thc rfH>ts entire, or w l i[( (
bre.d,
and beais
a considerable
resemblance tofrom
that marie *",
state, form
of considerable
part- . .W ckthe. *1^"*J",
([ tan inj * he*h
id anarearticle
increased
by cuttings, expo"
winch Sweetdifferent
states, ^^W
A name with the same derivation a* Crotn, >
he
obtained
is qual
w^
great
"^'.t,,
almonds
toemployed.
procure almond
oil. adulterated
(See AmygiV ...
oil, oill.nm-d
oil, and
>iJlriy
adapted
* V
the
i" aiMed* purgative
athein often
mildness
and rapidity with, which It operates. Huf
VIH.
MONCIA MONADELPHIA.
!
ate
s lus
81
ink
. lu
Hita
ai*
>uuta
bist
J^61
leaves ovate lanceolate,
Capsules
obovate
\ waves
Hermaphrodite,
Leavesacuminate,
ovate
entire,
Flowers
nanicled decandrous,
Mobcd : 5-lobed,
Inl>es
Calyxes
campanulate,
Cap, ovate Cniw.
hispidsmooth
l*w. leaves
palmate
Calyxes rotate
reflexed
Leaves digitate
USG Leave* ovate limply veiny
UM Eema'i flower *t lse of male spike, Invol. ovate acuminate toothed, Leaves obi. lane, remotely toothed
1"M
LvF' 1 ûpwards:
male 4,ik<N
IhvoL
cordateInvol.
toothed,
subrhomt>oid
ovate eerratctl
entireciliated
at 1
"wWfJilLiMle
Tcmale
downw.
cordate1_*\
acuminate
with imbricated
serralurcs
LW1
v
i
20WCM
sol,tar'
or
twin
at
1!
ofthe
male
spike,
Invol.
cordate
errate,
leaves
rhomboid
ovate
13-5? fl^m.at baseof the mile spike without an involucre, Leaves roundish ovate lubcordate serrated
riri pi
F t male
above
femaleterminal,
below, Invol.
amoothishicrratcd,
LeavesLeaves
ovateacum.
sen-, cunate
at base
171
c1,nd.
solitary
Invol.
.'^parted
awned
ciliated,
roundish-ovate
acuminate
ji
flower* tw|n axillary, Involucres entire. Leaves ovate acuminate serrulate. Stem shrubby
1
{wiT*
i"0"'
pl'ik(4i ;Invol.
femalecuneiform
axillary,toothed
Invol. roundish
entire. Leaves Lvs.
smooth
eulicord.
-,-s"
aoove: ; malc
11?
? above
fpmedge, Styles
obi-lane,
eubcord.
;.
fr SPr***?ie**Tmale
alv*below,
>..tare, Invi.'
W, ,InvoL
Cordateathispid.
Leavesmultifid,
n^t* mt"
*1
1 lte*,l,'iL" rl->ae
T.^
^'!? mvoll eordate tootl,,.,! .'if "clJ""nat? serrated
"*n attain.., , . 1 m'!ss ot 'W't 1 toil, the

iris are
t boughs
'"ti the seeds Vh """^ , f)e w"rt is
^-JSSMewi-di .-,;;;^-,,,. ikt^^j^sv;
*^4saw T*^ * *eant form' r"ii^
"1 S m h' ",e s ?hc miS ir"'" *'m' ft H h been well oler,-ed
M'H'3
*
"<*., "-"WUhcl
Frenchwill
S'* e. h'XLr.
*
hlfh
S
?! ?
i'kcre
molli or the r tJL
" lhC e
mlita' m?"!'
of *
illustration,
ai
(
J*
,hi"
wremuc*
rcsembl
,bl't5nrt.USCO'"1'0,rad,,dor-' Centrai History
ffi"' ofS 'WJamra
Sfci Jim U-1
"" ., Frcm"">h botanist,
4>'
i
Dalcrham,,,
rn
in as151&Plukenetial
died In I.->S8 .
. ana some commentaries
upon PBnj. May betorn
trej
treated
ei6 "
MONCIA MONADELPHIA.
ClabXXI. 4
0. volubilis
PLUKENETIA.
IV. Pliikesbtia.i_Oun 6 jUu
*.
15.1739. pi Plu. 1C.E0.t
1312
P.
twining
G W.Sp.India
History,
Propagation,
Culture,
04. with
Pbtkenetia.
Named
after
I,eouard Use,
Plukenct,
an merit
English
whoThepublished
some
works,
ansingular
immense
number
ofcopperplates,
ofOnesingular
for botanist,
their time.
names
ofword
twoinvskiable
of these
works
are
so
as
to
deserve
explanation.
was
called
Amaltheum
botanicutn.
This
-, was the name of the goat which suckled Jupiter. As its milk was exquisite and abundant,Greek,the
ar ird came
signify,
among theouancients,
The famous
library lo' '
Atticus
wastocalled
Amaltheum,
account the
of thesymbol
numberof richness
and rarietyamiof abundance.
the books which
it contained,
.-UICIA.
Moje a^Jenu^ flower, upon diffi-rcnt plan"^ J
To tbU ca manv of 0. oration, made ^^^^?^"" ** ""' "
.. been
moreform
conveniently
distributedportion
">^?
' paru if he "ld,1 brands
man,
of them
the most
valuable
''r.UnJna
g
contains
'
In Monandria
is found
the celebrated
Panda,of
J. P , ^.nic,,,,, h
of itsfrance.
Im! h.
sti
Ute.
one
of
the
most
singular
features
'"jXtnmagi
The
black
Bryony,
and
"
1
^lelplu
valuable
Salix
; Pentandria,
hop,
the
an I the Bondue
ais station
in Hexaudria
the the
pop trees,
ar m VlC,a
Osucandr
a yew,
the 1Pa?
^ la"""1
the jumper. J nutmeg I >J
richly endowed
with ;valuable
i as the
tne
it also contains the wonderful pitcher-plant of China.
Order I MONANDRIA.
stamenFemale.
I
Dr^co^Zorstapie.
CaL- COT-- \
^*~ff
*
C.L O. Cor. 0. jfcW*
^ ^ Stamens*
bae42'lS;,h
??"2Order*
" ,H'5"1DIANDRIA.
r < catkin
imbricated, withPerianth.
a nccuriferoui
glsnd J*
S3
rVT\rM^,";
Kmlen.
Scale,single.fiowcrcd,
of%e catkin single-flowered.
Stigmas,
M
SaWcSjS?edi,2-,V"lv"d'
ma">'-"eedcrt.
Seed"
roinose.
,
Ferna i. m %. W'* r"lln* * Catkin cylindrical. Cal. turbinate icornered scales.
'0
-im.
Male. '1?,1Cai 4-leavcd.
O. Stamens
S-3. Female.Berry
Stigma
capitate. Berry l-setdei
il*t Borya.
,6Wlift
StigmaCor.torn.
Ovarici imbricated.
1.seeded.
Order a TRIANDR1A.
^ Stamens 8.
itfTerTiuTfl
"rTTtripartite.
"- cA'rlrtite
Cor. of3Style
petal.
In F. .).Stigma
Stam.with3 ("Minrays
E Berry'
""'.globose
Cor. of3 petals.
very(7short.
C0S',ta- ^ M,lc- '- manT S,llm". Petal" Nectary fleshy, 6-parted, surroundM
, *7. ft-,,,' "1îmbricated.
y,*upcnor- Cal.
et
. stony, M*
i-ce**
equalStigmas
glumes.2-3. Cor.Drupe
o! l.sccled.
Female. Styles 5-3. Nut
c"'1 unequal glumes. Female. Styles a Caps. 6-celled. Seeds solitary
Hdkr VIH.
MONCIA MONADELPHIA.
MS Angla ofcapsula
Female, an annular dbl at the

Stigma roundish. Berry 1
fi
-..-. Female. Stigma oblique. Nut
jS^^'r^B^ *-*.~ou,. remale.
-^l^ât,ee.nf,he__
,tt". . .'""fHipiwphae
"- Linn,
^'.1 tube, and 4..- **5^-_

Car,
a SSLiS*1*-,/?1
Cor. . Female.
3-fld. 3-Cor. Female.
O. Styleai
Drupe 1-aeeded.
lejg.
"ra, ale. U4
Cal. 5-partcd.
Cor. O. Cal.
stamm
0ariea5( .4* 35, oneigf^* Male CaL 35-parted. Ptale 3^5. Stamena 3-5. Female. Stylet a Berry 2-ceUed,
1^St<'J','W'm"
^ 5Je""d- Cor- - Anthera bifld. Female. Stigmaa 5. Berry cylindrical,
"2070.
^ ^k***1. Ptala 5. Scalea 5-7. Female Stigmaa 2,aeaaile Capa, with downy
JW Ca? e C1- 5-parto.I. Coro. Female. Style* Seed 1, within the Indurated calyx.
' Ri SS *"* Cor. . Rudiment ofan ovary. Female Style 2-parted. Stigmas
>S*S' mI f?1
Seedawith
KaMed.
CaL 5-parted.
Cor. O.anarillua.
Female Cal. 3-parted. StyleaO. Stigmal 3, aeasile Caps
3G
816
CLAss XXI.
2040. PLUKENETIA. W. PlukeNET1A.

Euphorbiaceae...Sp. 15.
twining
* D un 6 jLau
G
W. indies 1739. C. p.1 Plu.ic.220 t.2:5
13682 volbilis Jy.

2040. Plukenetia. Named after Leonard Plukenet, an English botanist, who published some valuable
works, with an immense number of copperplates, of singular merit for their time. The names of two of these
works are so singular as to deserve explanation. One was called Amaltheum botanicum. This word in Greek,
Awax 9tua, was the name of the goat which suckled Jupiter. As its milk was exquisite and abundant, the
word came to signify, among the ancients, the symbol of richness and abundance. The famous library of
Atticus was called Amaltheum, on account of the number and variety of the books which it contained. in
CLAss XXII. DICECIA.

Male and female flowers upon different plants.
To this class many of the observations made upon the last are equally applicable. Like it, the genera would
have been more conveniently distributed among previous classes. The genera it contains are chiefly trees, and
many of them form the most valuable portion of the forests of all parts of the world.
In Monandria is found the celebrated Pandanus or screw pine, which, with its strange spiral branches, con
stitutes one of the most singular features of the vegetation of the Isle of France.
Diandria contains the
valuable Salix ; Pentandria, the hop, the hemp, and the spinage. The black Bryony, and various palms have
a station in Hexandria; the poplar in Octandria; the Papaw and the Bonduc tree in becandria.
onadelphia
is richly endowed with valuable trees, such as the yew, the Norfolk Island pine, the juniper, the nutmeg, and
it also contains the wonderful pitcher-plant of China.
Order 1.
2041. Pandanus.
25%.
#
\
MONANDRIA.
Male. Cal. O.
Cor. O.
," aft
Stamen 1.
Anthers cuspidate.
Female. Cal. O.
Cor. O. Style bifid.
Drupe compound or simple.

Order 2.
& A:
DIANDRIA.
Stamens 2.
2042. Salir. Barren fl. Scales of the catkin single-flowered, imbricated, with a nectariferous gland at it"
base. Perianth. O. Stam. 1-5. Fertile fl. Scales of the catkin single-flowered. Perianth. O. Stigmas 2, often
cleft.
Caps. 1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded.
2043. Cecropia.
Male
Female, as in the male.
Seeds comose.
Spatha falling off Catkin cylindrical.

Style 1.
Stigma torn.
Cal turbinate 4-cornered scales. Cor.0.
Ovaries imbricated.
Berry 1-seeded.
2044. Borya. Male. Cal 4-leaved. Cor. O. Stamens 2-3. Female. Stigma capitate. Berry 1-seeded.
Order 3.
2045. Empctrum.
TRIANDR1A.
Barren fl. Cal tripartite
filaments. Fertile fl. Cal tripartite.

rior, globose, with 6-9 seeds.
#2 %
Stamens 3.
Cor of 3 petals (7 in E. B.). Stam. 3 (9 in E. B.), upon long
Cor. of 3 petals. Style very short. Stigma with 6-9 rays.
Berry supe
2016. Will.'enovia. Male, Cal. of many glumes. Petals 6. Nectary fleshy, 6-parted, surrounding the
corola. Female. Ovary superior. Style I. Stigmas 2-3. Drupe 1-seeded.
1
e".
Spike imbricated.
Cal. 6 equal glumes.
Cor. O.
Female.
Styles 2-3.
Nut stony, 1-celled.
* Elegia. Cal. 6 unequal glumes. Female. Styles 3. Caps. 6-celled. Seeds solitary.
ORDER VIII.
B17
13682 Angles of capsules compressed keeled
this
sense Plukenet applied it to a work in which a great variety of curious plants was assembled. The other
work was called Almagestum. This also came originally from the Greek. Claudius Ptolomaeus, an astro
nomer and mathematician, published about the middle of the second century a work on astronomy, called
**** **in, which may be Englished Great work." Ishac ben Honain translated it into Arabic at the
beginning
of the
by order
of the Caliph
and so formed
theninth
wordcentury,
Al-magesti
or Almaghesti.
ip Mahmoun;* to its title he added the Arabic article A/*
2049. Pharmir. Cal 3-parted. Petals 3. Ovary 1. Drupe ovate-oblon

2050. Stilago. Male. Cal. tubular, 3-4-toothed. Cor. O. Stamens #s
Female, an annular disk at the
base of the ovary. Stigmas 2, one bifid. Drupe 1-scoded.

2051. Osyris. Male. Cal 3-fid. Cor. O. Female. Style 1. Stigma roundish. Berry 1-celled.
Order 4. TETRANDRIA.
() &8),
Stamens 4.
2052 Aular. , Male. Flowers racemose. Cal. O. Petals 4, staminiferous. Female. Stigma oblique. Nut
exserted, ventricose, bearded.
2053. He cadendron. Male. Flowers capitate. Cal O. Petals 4, staminiferous. Female.
Stigma oblique.
Nut or samara 1-seeded, included in the scales of the cone.
2054. Wiscum. Barren fl. Cal. O. Petals 4, dilated at the base, connate, resembling a cal. Anthers sessile,
:*
adnate
petals. Fertile fl. Cal. submarginate. Petals 4, dilated at the base. Style 1. Drupe infe.
rior, 1-seed
2055. Myrica. Barren fl. Scales of the catkin concave. Perianth. O. Fertile fl. Scales of the catkin con
cave. Perianth. O. Styles 2. Drupe 1-celled, 1-seeded.
2056. Nageia. Cal. 4-leaved. Cor. O. Style bifid. Drupe 1-seeded.
2057. Shepherdia. Male flowers in a catkin, 8-androus. Female racemose at the ends of the branches. Limb
of calyx flat, regular, 4-parted. Disk with 8 glands. Fruit of Hippophae.
2058. Hippophae. Male flowers in a catkin, tetrandrous. Female solitary in the axillae of the leaves. Calyx
tubular, bifid at end, closed.
Disk O.
Fruit formed of a berried calyx and akenium.
2059 Broussonetia. . Male. A cylindrical catkin. Cal 4-parted. Female. A globose catkin. Cal. tubular,
3-4-toothed. Ovaries becoming fleshy, clavate, prominent.

lateral. Seed 1, covered by the calyx.
2060. Schafferia. Cal. 4-leaved. Petals 4 or O. Berry 2-celled. Seeds solitary.
2061. Brucca. Male. Cal 4-parted. Petals 4... Disk 4-lobed. Female. Pericarps 4, 1-seeded.
2002. Anthospermum. Male. Cal. 4-toothed. Cor with a short tube, and 4-parted limb. Female. Ovary
inferior. Styles 2, reflexed. Fruit bipartible.
2063. Trophis. Male. Cal. O. Petals 4. Female. Cal. O. Cor. O. Style 2-parted. Berry 1 seeded.
2064. Montinia. Male. Cal. 4-toothed. Petals 4. Female. Style bifid. Stigmas reniform. Capsule infe
rior, 2-celled, many-seeded.
Order 5.
PENTANDRIA.
$ '4".
2065. Pistacia. Male. Cal. 5-fid. Cor. O. Female. Cal. 3-fid. Cor. O. Styles 5. Drupe 1-seeded.
2066. Xanthorylum. Male. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. O. Stamens 3-5. Female. Ovaries 5. Caps. 3-5, one
seeded.
2067. Picramnia.
Male.
Cal. 3-5-parted.
Male.
Cal. 5-leaved.
Petals 3-5.
Stamens 3-5.
Female.
Styles 2.
Berry 2-celled,
2-seeded.
2068. Antidesma.
Cor. O.
Anthers bifid.
Female.
Stigmas 5.
Berry cylindrical,
1-seeded.
2069. Iresine.
Male. Cal 2-leaved.
Petals 5. Scales 5-7.
Female. Stigmas 2, sessile. Caps with downy
seeds.
2070. Spinacia.
Male. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. O.
Female.
Styles 4. Seed 1, within the indurated calyx.
2071. Fiuggea. Male. Cal 5-leaved. Cor. O. Rudiment of an ovary.
Female. Style 2-parted. Stigmas
recurved, bifid. Berry 4-seeded. Seeds with an arillus.

2072. Acnida. Male. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. O. Female. Cal 3-parted. Styles O. Stigmas 3, sessile. Caps
1-seeded.
3G
818
Class XXII.
DICECIA.
2074. Cannabis. Male. Cal. 5-parted. Female. Cal. 5-leaved, entire, opening at the side. Styles 2. Nut
2-valved within the closed calyx.
2074. Humulus. Barren fl. Perianth. single, of 5 leaves. Anthers with 2 pores at the extremity. Fertilefi.
Scales of the catkin large, persistent, concave, entire, single-flowered. Perianth. O. Styles 2. Seed I.
2075. Modecca. Cal. 5-fid. Petals 5, inserted in the calyx. Scales 5-10, rarely O.
ale. Stamens 5. An
thers erect. Female. Caps. stalked, 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
s:
Order 6.
HEXANDRIA.
&#
Stamens 6.
2076. Xerotes. Cor. 6-parted, somewhat colored. Male. Stamens 6. Anthers peltate. Female. Stamens
abortive. Ovary 3-celled, with 1-seeded cells. , Caps. cartilaginous, 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds peltate.
2077. Elais. Cal. 6-leaved. Cor. 6-tid. Style 1. Stigmas 3. Drupe 1-seeded, fibrous. Nut 3-valved.
2078. Chamaedorea. Cal 3-parted. Cor. 3-parted. Stamens 6. Rudiment of a style. Female Scales 3.
Styles 3.
Drupe succulent, 1-seeded.
2079. Borassus. Cal 3-leaved. Cor hypocrateriform, with a 3-parted limb.
Female. Cal. 8-9-leaved, im
bricated. Cor. O. Style O. Drupe with 3 stones.

2080. Mauritia. Cal, cyathiform, somewhat 3-toothed. Petals 3. Drupe 1-seeded, tessellated.
%81. Smilar. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. O. Styles 3. Berry 3-celled. Seeds 2.
2082. Tamus. Cal. 6-parted. Cor. O. Styles 3-fid. Berry 3-celled, inferior. Seeds 2.
2083. Testudinaria. Perianth. 6-parted, spreading: segments linear, nearly equal. Male. , Stamens 6,
inserted in the base of the segments. Female Styles 3, united. Capsule membranous. Seeds winged.
-
2084. Rajania.
Cal. 6-parted.
Cor. O.
Styles 5.
2085. Dioscorea. Cal. 6-parted. Cor. O.
Samarae 1-seeded.
Styles 3.
Capsule 3-celled, compressed. Seeds 2, membranous.
Leaves generally alternate.
2086. Maba. Cal 3-fid. Cor. tubular, trifid. Drupe 2-celled. Cells 2-seeded.
Order 7. OCTANDRIA. \}#

Stamens 8.
M
-
2087. Populus. Barren fl. Scales of the catkin lacerated. Anthers 8:30, arising from a turbinate, oblique.
entire, single perianth. Fertile fl. Scales of the catkin lacerated. Perianth. turbinate, entire. Stigmas 4.
Caps. superior, 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds comose.
*
Order 8.
ENNEANDRIA.
#&
Stamens 9.
2088, Mercurialis, Barren fl. Perianth. single, tripartite. Stam.9-12. Anthers globose, 2-lobed. Fertile fl.
F crianth, single, tripartite. Styles 2. Caps. g'eiled "Cells 1 seeded.
2089. Hydrocharis. ... Barren fl. , Cal. tripartite.
Petals 3, the three interior filaments beaked. Snt.
Fertile fl. Cal. tripartite. Petals 3. Styles 6, each with 2 stigmas. Caps. inferior, coriaceous, roundish, six
celled, many-seeded.
2090. Triplaris. Cal. 3-parted.
Order 9.
Petals 3. Stamens 9. Styles 3. Capsule 1-seeded, 3-valved.
DECANDRIA.
-53 #
Stamens 10.
2091. Coriaria. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. O. Scales 5. Anthers 2-parted. Styles 5. Caps. 5, 1-seeded, covered
by the enlarged scales.
2092. Kiggelaria. Cal. 5-parted. Petals 5; glands 5, 3-lobed. Anthers perforated. Styles 5. Capsule one
celled, 5-valved, many-seeded.
2093. Schinus. Cal. 5-fid. Petals 5. Berry 3-coccous.

2094. Gymnocladus.
Cal. 5-toothed.
Petals 5. Style 1.
Legumen 1-celled, pulpy inside.
2095, Carica. Male. Cal. hardly any. Cor. 5-fid, funnel-shaped. Filam in the tube of the cor.
Cal. 5-toothed.
Petals 5. Stigmas 5.
Order 10.
Her: furrowed, 1-celled, many-seeded.
DODECANDRIA.
$. &
Female.
Stamens 12.
2096. Stratiotes. Male. Spatha 2-leaved. Cal 3-parted. Petals 3. Stamens 11-13, perfect, 20 abortive.
Ovary inferior, 6-angular. Styles 6,2-parted. Berry 6-celled, many-seeded.
C #. nce. Cal. 5-7-leaved. Cor. O. Stamens 10-20. Style 1. Stigmas 3. Caps. 3-celled, 3-coccous.
elis x-seeded.
2098. Euclea, , Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. 5-parted. Stamens 15.

3-horned, 3-celled. Seeds solitary, with an arillus.
Ovary superior.
2100. Menispermum.
Stamens 8, sterile.
Styles 2.
Caps, berried,
-
2099. Datisca. Male. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. O. Anthers sessile.

sule 3-angular, 3-horned, 1-celled, pervious, inferior.
Female.
Cal 2-toothed. Styles 3. Cap
Male, Cal. 2-leaved. Petals 4 or 6 on the outside, 8 inside. Stamens 16.
Ovaries 2-3.
Female.
Berries 2, 1-seeded.
2101: Cocculus, Sepals and petals ternate, usually in two, rarely in three rows. Male. Stamens 6, distinct,
opposite the petals. Female. Drupes berried, 1-6, generally oblique, reniform, somewhat compressed, 1-seeued.
Cotyledons distinct.
Order 11.
#102. Flacourtia.
ICOSANDRIA.
Cal 5-parted.
Cor. O.
$73:
Stamens 50-100.
Stamens numerous, inserted in the calyx.
Stigma stellate, sessile.
Berry many-celled,
with 2-seeded cells.
103. Peumus., Male. Cal campanulate, 5-fid. Petals 5, inserted in the calyx, reflexed. Stamens about
46, ndular. ... Female., Scales 5, subsagittate. Ovarics 2-9. Style O. Drupes oval, acuminate.
3.:aeonium.
Cal 5-leaved. Cor. O. Stamens 12. Stigmas 3, lacerated. Caps 3-celled, 3-valved,
2105. Rottlera.
Cal. 2.parted. Cor. O. Stamens
*** **** 8
*
3-celled,
tricoccous,Male
'ed'."
30-40. Female. Cal. 4-toothed. Styles 3. Caps.
-
CLAss XXII.
- - -
DI(ECIA.
Order 12.
Poly ANDRIA.
es
~
4.
819
Stamens numerous, inserted under the ovarium.
2106. Cliffortia. Cal 3-leaved. Cor. O. Stamens about 30. Styles 3. Caps. 3-celled. Seed 1.
2107. Cycas. Male. Catkin imbricated. Cal. a spatulate scale. Cor. O. Anthers globose, sessile, on a
scale. Female. Spadix compressed, 2-sided. Cal. O. Cor. O. Style H. Drupe 1-seeded.
2108. Zamia, Catkin like a cone. Male. Calyx an obovate scale. Cor. O. Anthers globose, opening by a
slit, sessile on the scale.
Female. Cal peltate scales. Ovaries 2.
Style O.
Berries 2, 1-seeded.
"
order 13.
2109. Latania.
MonADELPHIA.
Spadix many-leaved.
&:
Calyx 8-leaved.
Stamens united into one body.
Petals 3. Stamens 15-16. Drupe coated, with three
stones.
2110. Leptocarpus. Cal. 6-leaved, glumaceous. Cor. O., Stamens 3. Ovary superior. Style 1. Stigmas 2
or 3. Utricle or nut crustaceous, crowned by the base of the style.
2111. Ruscus. Cal. 6-leaved. Cor. O. Male. Rudiment of ovary ovate, perforated at end. Female.
Style 1. Berry 3-celled. Seeds 2.
2112. Araucaria.
Male. Catkin imbricated.
Cal. a woody scale.
Anthers 10-12, united in a scale
Fe
male. Catkin cone-shaped. Cal. a lanceolate 2-flowered scale. Style O. Stigma 2-valved. Nut coriaceous,
cuneiform, winged at end.
2113 Juniperus. Barren fl. Scales of the catkin subpeltate. Perianth. O. Stam. 4-8, 1-celled. Fertile fl.
Scales of the catkin few, united at length, fleshy, and surrounding the 3-seeded berry.
2114, Tarus. Barren fl. Perianth. single at the base. Stam. numerous. Anthers peltate, 6-8-celled. Cells
opening beneath. Fertile fl. Perianth. single, urceolate, scaly. Style O. Drupe fleshy, perforated at the ex
tremity.
2115. Ephedra. Male. A catkin. Cal 2-fid. Stamens 7. Anthers 4 inferior, 2 superior. Female. Cal.
2-parted, quintuple. Qvaries 2 . Seeds 2, covered by the berried calyx.
2116. Cissampelos. Male. Cal 4-leaved. Cor. O. Disk rotate. Stamens 5. Filaments connate. Female.
Cal. 1-leaved, ligulate, roundish. Styles 3. Berry 1-seeded.
2117. Ercaecaria. Male catkin cylindrical. Cal. a scale.
Filament 3-parted. Female. Calyx 3 scales.
Caps. 3-coccous.
# is
Adelia.
Male. Cal. 3-parted.
Cor. O. Stamens OO.
Female.
Cal. 5-parted. Styles 3, torn. Cap
sule 3-coccous
2119. Loureira. Male. Cal 5-parted. Cor. tubular, campanulate, 5-fid. Stamens 8-13, cohering at base.
Female. Stigmas 3-4. Capsule dicoccous, 2-celled, with 1-seeded cells.
2120. Myristica. Male. Cal. O. Cor. campanulate, trifid. Filament columnar. Anthers 6-10, connate.
Female. Style 1. Stigmas 2. Drupe with an arilled 1-seeded nut. Seed large, veiny, variegated in the
inside.
2121. Nepenthes. Cal. 4-parted, spreading, colored inside. Cor. O. Filament columnar. Anthers 15-17,
connate. Stigma peltate, sessile.
2122. Cluytia. Male. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5. Disk glandular. Stamens 5, inserted into the rudiment of
an ovarium. Female. Styles 3. Capsule 3-celled. Seed 1.
".
3G 2
~~~
820
ScRKW-PlVB.
20*1. odoratasimui
PAVDA'MUS.W.W. green-spined
13683
red-spiiied
1S084
tilia
W
en.
spiral
1368.5
13686 epirSlie
hmilis W.Br. Roxb. dwarf
entirc-lcaved
186S7
amarvllilliue
Candlestick
13688
13689 eandubrum
fasciculris W.Bt
2042. trindra
BA'LIX.W.W.
13690
13691 lanceolta
13692 HoppeSna W.
1S693 undulta W.
13694 Villareina W.
13(595 amygdalitis W.
13696
declpiou E. IV.B.
13697
JStfflS Kussellina
Hiimboldtiana H'
13699 tclraspnna W.
13700 nigra f.
13701 pentndra W.
13702
13703 Rlgricant
phylicifliaIf.W.
13704 Wulfenina W.
13705 sileslaca W.
13706 Pontcderlna W.
13707
laurina (. W.
13708
13709 tenuitlia
Ammannlua W.
13710 haatita W.
13711 serrulta W.
Class XXII
DICIA MONANUUIA.
MONANDRIA.
randanae.
W
w
w
w
w
w
w
S/>.7-25.
E.Bourbon
Indie* 1771.
N.Mauritius
S. W. 18ft>.
EGuinea
Indies 1820.
W22.
E Indies 1822.
SS
SS
SS
r.m
Beunr.ttW . ;
r.m Ja.fra.tl3,!UI
r.m
r.m Jacfrag-Lltt.
m
r.m VltOwmp
Rheed&Uo
DlAND RIA.
So. 1&-163.
Willow.
tm 30 Amentcea.
my.au Britain riv.ba-C raj Eng.bot 5
long-leaved
England mea.' m.s Eng. bot It*
eharp-leaved tm 30 ap.my Ap Austria 182a nu
'
I tm 30 ap my Ap
... tai
wave-leaved tm 30 ap.my Ap S.Germany
France 181& dli
Villare'a
A or 6 ap.my Ap Britain mar. . Eng. bot 133b'
Almond-leaved* or 6 ap.my Ap England wood. mi Eng.boL 1937
England mar. ms Eng. bot 1308
ortm 408 my
varnished
ap.my Ap
Ap ElndiM 1823.
Bedford
17 mi
mi Box.cor, U
oror 1020 ... Ap Peru
Humboldt'
Q
four-seeded
N. Amer. IL mi An.botttiS
black
5 or 20 my Ap Britain riv.b.i. m.s Eng.bot1*3
Bay-leared or 15 mr.Jn Ap England os hi.1. m.i EngbotlfU
Ap Scotland KUdp. mi Eng. bot13
dark
broad-lvd, i oror 10l ap
my Ap
Tea-leaved
Carinthia I81& mi
Wulfen1*
I or 6 my Ap Sileiia 1816. mi
or 6 my Ap Swiuerl. mi mi
or 3 my Ap England ... mi Eng. bot
Britain ahi. nu So* bot. im
8 ap-my Ap
two-colored
*
Auatra 1821. mi
thin-leaved A
202 myjn
my.jn Ap
Ap Lapland 1780. mi FL lapa U
Aramann't S
15 my
halbcrt-leaved J
Lapland IRia .! .
8 my
serrulate
A
2041. P*~
The Malay
ofbeen
the sogenu*
<>' ^
omethlng
to be regarded,
toname
have
namedtangon'^*t"ty
J
odor. odoratiJinm.
is and
a large
spreading
brant
bush,
w* *n*&*
and placed ' X* ^ jjMg
orne resemblance to those of the pine-apple ; from three
m , ,e warmer If, ,|.*
the
extremities
of thebra..chcs.
It grows"
all ^ XT^Scc
it is rare
tom ^ tl,e
nployed
there
hedges.of the
It grows
readily
,rrtoin,.br"n
male, vidd
that
,B.
The
whitesoforgenerally
leavw
flowers,
thonetheJVhc
ma
inj( Japan.
W*e*^+
whichtender
they are
esteemed,
and hietly
for which
the
ant Ijejm
u,eume> ÛA^rf
> by lar the richeat and most powcrfuL The lower )
puipj^| ." ;aves
](iaves ,ss also
al>
eaten. - ."!-"
"^
inmelancholy
tunes Ol sc;til City and f:
Tbt
The
taste
of
the
tough
use t of lonjtitutlii
leave* arc composed
nativesfibres,
for - ich basket-makers
Uaiia arc beauliiullv white and glossy. In Ibe Sandwich ulanos
0DSE I
1 M0NANDR1A.
'-5 .
sa -
Le.ives uuite entire 4>,nv-toothl, fruit gibo iaSSSF
"S ;. S3 back
? oftcm ercc(
=. diaUnt, Dm, oblong
|1
1 Lean, 1. o
I I Learn mooth-serratci.
13fiqi "avMlanci4)l(ttc
7 Y *ta"te^ ovate
rfirniMMimi
tapering
toward ^"' Ii
ol4f,na nearly: .eeuile. .
teaaellate at end
- -
irianaroue,
imooth, Stigmas senile

ng the leaves,
*'*
erraturea smooth 5221 ar-7talked lanc- d'ny

Ovar,
5 WU b "te LuteS ,0"8'-r han ttSl*1 ",e ^.f" 1-K.U., Stipula

rtu
M^m^ngtâve., oVarÎ^
k.\ t * W -57
. 13701 ..
ai .ta, " MtKe"< Particular,.

neThey
branche
being
of a softat spon-jy
.
smallwater
pieces.Our
call Itname
Wharra
From the Celtic tal, near, and lit,
common
osier,tree
seems Otahcite.
to be a slight altera
which means the same thing. This is a numerous and difficult genus of tree* and
. their range
temperate
regions
ofbotanista
Europe can
and America,
shades,to the
that
onlj thein most
acute
it sodelicate
considerable
aThose
change
theirwhich
iip|>earance,
as to recognize
render
inii
iKrt1
for
the"
the
r-*i.*-r
ere
epecies
and
what
varieties.
species
attain
a
timber
size,time,
areit
bwk of a*>h0.
mJ rP'llty of theirha"growth
; they
atanning
great bulk
of trunk and lop inofasorts,
short
halfT. a..,7r,t.of
mosto
** valuable
gently
beenproduce
used
; being,
kaflchmg
nH i t,l,Vpec,CT
e0ak- S alba
it considered
theinmos
valuable
timberat antreeaverage
of the genus; itabout
ha
*>
in which
flame-ehaped
seencrate
pollarded
by way-side*
Kb considered
nli "ng
18 TeT
productivehead.
of poles,It may
fencebewood,
ware, fuel,
and barkinformost
the parts
tanner.of
aa good at that of the oat A variety of this species, called by Pontey, the red
303
Class XXIL tal

DICIA DIANDRIA.
1811. mJ
,I 1
Prinoe-like or 10 mr.ap Ap N.N. Amer.
' >-'Cl
brown-branch. St or 8 ap Ap Amer. Uli. m.1
1811. nu
narrow-leaved J or 10 mr.ap Ap Peiuylv.
England mar. m Big. bot 11
or
10
ap
Ap
dark long-leav. 2
181L nu &*
Gale-like
Sk or 8 ap Ap N. Amer.
Amer. 1811. " AmbrtAiiM
or
6
ap.my
Ap
heart-leaved A
N. Amer. 181L AmbotitiH
rigid
or 15 ap.my Ap
or 8 N. . 1811. *******
or SO N. . 1821.
doubtful
Sea 1S23.
or 8 ap Ap
sharp-leaved
. 1 Eng.bca.13S9
yellow-branch. AJ clt 15 mr.my Ap
Britain
mar.
., Eng. bot. 1807
or 15 ap.my Ap
cracking
Austria
182
ras
or
20
ap.my
Ap
early
1822. SJ BM.Jt.IOt
or 20 ap.my Ap Germany
Mcyer'e
Levant
1692.
1S725
Meyerina
W.
el 30 my Ap
13726 babyloica W weeping
England
.
t ms Eng lot |
Ap
bitter
purple
.
1822.
13727
purprea
W.
oror 10108 mr
my
Ap
! Er* b*
Britain
.
13728 pomerlnica . Pomeranian

mr.ap Ap
Rose
13729 Hlix W.
.. Qg.bA
England
tgJ*C
clt
10
mr.ap
Ap
Boyton
13730
Lambertina
W. pfrtty
orclt 48 mr.ap
Ap
England
hol.
13731
tetra'pla
Link.
Ap
Green
' oahoL t. ms Eng. bot 1J
13732 rbra W.
clt 8 apap.my Ap
13733 Farbyini W.
England
nur. ms
clt
8
ap.my
Ap
ms 8
Eng"0"
Crowe's
13734
Crowefina W.W.
Apple-leaved ** or 3 ap Ap England moun. L
13735 maliolia
Virginie
c
or
4
ap.my
Ap
13735 Houstoniina Ph. Houston's A
HU
sickle-leaved A or 4 ap.my Ap N. Araer. 1811.
13737 falcta Ph.
Silesia 19S0.
or
4
ap.my
Ap
Starke's
A
13738 Starkena W.
Eni- bot
or 3 ap.my Ap Scotland K.alp.
13739 pruniflia W.
.***1.
Scotland
icalpc
137*0 myrsiiiUee W. Whortle-lcaVd A or 3 apjn Ap Croatia 18 c m.i
or
4
apjn
Ap
13741 Waldsteinlana W. Waldftcin's A
Scotland
Labrador K-a'P-C
SIL L
** oror 2S ap.my
137*2
venulsa
E.Ph.B. ve'my.leaved
... Ap
Ap
flat-leaved
137*3
planifolla
N.Scoand
Araer. s.1811.
or
2
ap
Ap
ofsc t . mm
brown-stemm'dft
1374*
luscta
Ph.
or
2
ap.my
Ap
13745 vacciniiflia E. S. Bilberry-leaved A
W*1?
Scotland
scalp.
,., Jarea"*1"'
or 3 ap-my Ap Germany 181 m.
folded-leaved
137*6
oror 32 ap.my
t
.....:... 18.
13747 carinta
corscansW.W.
ap
AI
13748 i "
822
13712 prinodee Ph.
13713 discolor W.
13714 angustita Ph.
13713 pettolArii W.
13716 myricoidcs W.
17 cordita W.
13718 rgida W.
13719 lcida .
13720 ambigua Pah.
13721
13722 acutiflia
vitellina W.W.
13723 frgilia W.
13727
....theCultmc,
History, Vte,
two neat best .
twigged
upland rewinblc
willow, and theother.
& ItusseUiana, are
.^'>
S. ,iinali..
'bSfcti
the greatly
best willows each
hoops and basket work are ,,
U grown
both ; i
5""4
vitellina.
triandra
most -o.
coran S. and
forbyanafo,is and
the
last
for theS.nner
finer
.ortaiso,oftheisbasket
,,-->
=
.ort.
oa..e.
*1
Holland
h^
.ortne
,,urpurea
one ofwork.
the toughest
of.will lhr^Sl.
ot hems
, Is
',^l|am,di
it valuable
for the
for Lth""l
"" **' '
vcrmm, and for hedges which
cattle will
not tanner,
brouse on.
bands fohatchi.ig,
for tna
.
niClA DIANDRIA.
1S71 Lv oval-obl. acute with distant
mti i . m nalr-i
kl(> Mh> aculo very lohe ema7,""'- "" * K ti
ni**
"raooth it. ulk I^W' 'o",sc' |- tu ela
13717 Lv
1*18 L
.
..iLcuidie
smoothsmooth
toothedsomw.
at the summit
; theBranches
terminal
flowers
triandrous
.n khi- accomp.
Nect
13721 Leaves
Lvs.wner
lane.lane,acum.
andcartilaginous
bluntly serrated
dark
purple
with
a double
bloom
.
acuteuneq.
with
icrrat.sessile
smooth
above glauc.
glaucousben.
andV somcw.
silkynearly
ben.Iva.Slip,
smalland
deciduoussmooth
on
their
inside.
Ovary
ovato-lanceolate
smooth,
Stigmas
sessile
S-lobcd
wTo Leaves ovato-lanc, pointed scrr.iit.it throughout very smooth, Footstalks glandular, Ovary ovate nearly
14-0 Leaves
,'1>broadly
Male lane,
flowerspointed
with ansmooth
abortivewithovary
13724
glandular serrt, glaucous beneath, Footstalks slightly hairy
without
glands.
Catkins
before
the leaves.
Ovaryinches
sessilelongovate
elongated
J**;
Triandrous,
Stamens
reflexed,
Leaves
about
four
andsmooth,
one broodStyle
smooth
beneath
u
Leaves
lanceolate
taper-pointed
sharply
serrated
smooth
glaucous
beneath.
Stipules
jand
ovategreen
taper-pointed
f
_ rvolute. Catkins naked accompanying the leaves, Ovary ovate sessile smooth, Branches
pendulous
pecumb.
Stam.
1,
Leaves
obovato-lanc
serrated
smooth
narrow
at
base,
Stigm.
very
shortov.
nearly
seas.
|JpS Erect,
v" <lowi|y""lateacum.
glaucous
beneath,
becoming
smoother,
Catkins before
Stylelong
U79
opposite
oblongwhen
lane,oldpointed
slightly
serratedsmooth
linear Ivs.
at base.
Style
l' tTTi
1Sumen
*81, Leaves
dividedmostly
stigma*
*' 1"downy,Lveleaves
obov- elliptical
lanc- - ,errat-mth. round,
at base.
none, Stig.downy
veryshortov. notched out.
' in *iwiu:he<
acute glaucous
beneath
: theStip.
youngones
17
v c?ml)"le<l
linearwith
lane,small
elongated
with shallowserrt,
on bothsmooth
sides
1 Erat,
Stamen 1,below,
LeavesLeaves
alternate
stipulesacutesmooth
lanceolate acute
with shallow green
serratures
' Irr
11 .i rounu*d
a*
base
glaucous
beneath.
Style
nearly
as
long
as
the
linear
divided
stigmas
men*elliptic-oblong
comuined below,
Leaves
elliptical
serratedvery
quitesmooth.
smoothStipules
glaucousheart-shaped
beneath about the
uii) L*>ves
toothed
waved
thin slightly
and crackling
, Leaveslinear
length ofthelanceolate
footstalk,acute
Catkins
very
woolly,
Ovary
lanceolate
smooth
on aonboth
short stalk
very
finely
serrated
smooth
shining
and
green
sides, Stipules
t.-. _ Latkins accompanying leaves cylindrical villous, Scales ovate acute, Stam. 3 to 5 bearded
half waynone,
up
,*
verv
linear-lane,
closely
serrated
tapering
gradually
and
somewhat
falcate
upwards
acute at
137' tLeavesl,a*e
raoth
on
both
sides
:
the
young
ones
silky.
Stipules
crescent-shaped
toothed
deflexed
elliptical
Matty orbicular
smooth somewhat
serrated
the middle rather glauc. beneath, Catk.
. alter ovale
the leaves,
ovato-lanceolate
downy inbeneath,
i Leaves
serratedCapsules
naked smooth
and even stalked
above glaucous
Branches rather downy, Capsules
wisu waves elliptical serrated smooth veiny polished on both sides, Young branches hairy, Ovary nwl-shapcd
15*41 T *Mvete-e11itical
Wlth eilltjr hair,smooth
Slvle *rather
lonB the cloven
stigmas
serrated
in the middle shining above somewhat glaucous
it-jot iE2
t)eneatn. Ovary lanceolate
silky, Youngacute
hranches
smooth
137
V'
Krratna*retiruL
with
promin.
veinsabove
rather
glauc.atben
cllipt. silky.
Styleveryverysmooth
short
35 ,i CW'bovate
* ,trara"fr,
Brauches
polished,
Lvs. obi.glaucous
lane, acute
eachOvary
end serrul.
inOvaries
midd.
137t;
lanceolate
acuteeven
smooth
smarl,silky,
silky
"are* ovate serrated
smooth
abovesubserrated
glaucous and
silky beneath,
beneath, Stipules
Ovary ovate
Styleovate
as longas
137 I sllfrma- decumbent
157
[y!***
nate
loothl
smooth
minutely
veined
as toserrt
aglandular,
keel, Ovary
LsSIfweaves
0'oblong
X. flllel)r
âcute
cr,at'
smooth
tapering
at base
glaucfolded
ben. : soold
lower
serrulate
wholecolored
beneath,
when
ouite smooth
jfc
*
13730.
13732 4
1W
1*^
" li ,39
f'lan'|n,5nana*** of thew
Miscett*** ParticutoM.m 13740
'3 G 4
13734,
I374G
>n in China, it
raM stood in
XXlt
DICIA DIANDRIA.
Scotland scalp. ms Eng. bot
S

lttlo-tree
1820. ms
Britain scalp
humble
*
ms Eng. bot.
11 nmy
least
J>
1821. ms
SwiUerL
elm-leaved
J
SwiUerL
1818.
or
i
ap.my
Arbutus-leav'd -
CarpathL
18 ms
i ap.my
Kitaibel'a Ja
13751
Kitaibclina
Italy 1761
Ap SwitacrL
my
j*J*
16755
retitsa
W. W.W. blunt-leaved
1818. ms
ms
1Jlinjl
my Ap
Thyme-leaved
Britain
scalp.
Eng. toll)
13756
serpyllirlia
Ap
wrinkled
js
13757 reticulata IP.
Sweden
1772,
m.
Ap N. Amer. 1811. ms VMatftffl
23 my
Myrtle-leaved aaA
13758
myrtilloidesPA.W. recurved-flow.
ap Ap
13759
i ap.my
Ap Labrador ... DM
Bearberry-like js
1370 recurvta
Uva-rsi PA.
...
Ap N. Amer. 1811. nu
cordate-leaved at or 3
3761 cordiflia PA.
13762 pedicellns PA. pedicellated or 3 ap Ap N. Amer. 1811. ms
i Eng. bot?;
11 my
S.Scotland
glaucous
-Ja
13763
Europe scalp
18S0.
my
silky
13764 glauca
scrcea W.W.
Lapland
18ia
I
S
my
woolly
Jt
13765 lanta
Lapland 1812. , .1.1-
2 my
4!
13766 Lappnum IF. Lapland
3 my-in Ap Scotland scalp. ms Big bot 1809
downy mount la
13767 arenaria IK.
iC ml
: Eng.bot
15 my Ap
gray
13768 cinrea W.
,.,.
~
:
Ap
13769
Ap Hercynia 1820. ms AnubottiU
two-colored A
13770 obliia
bicolor Link.
1.
N.
Amer.
1811.
I
Ap
13771 MuhlonbcrgumaPA. Muhlenberg's
ms Jacanstlt"
Ap Austria 1818.
13772 Jacquinilina W. Jacquin's
ms
N.
Amer.
1765.
Ap
13773 trlstis
linear-leaved
, Eng. bot!
Britain
sansh
3 my Ap
13774
argntea
W.
silky
sand
IB.*
Europe
24.
44 my
my Ap
13775 leucophyl'a IF. white-leaved *
Europe
1824.
|>
13776 clieaKiioldes Schlei. Elagnus-leav.
Britain
SB-hea.
, Ellg.boLlS3'
Ap
22 my
Britain
nthea.
t
my Al>
Britain maLp.
Germany 1820.
Pyrenees 1823.
botllM
England woods.
Scotland scalp m s Eng. b*
-'S*
DU Eng. SIS
bot18*
824
13749
arbscub
13750
hmilis
W.W.W.
13751
herbcea
13752
ulmifulia Thuill.
13753 arbutilolia
W.
I
2
.
aat
vktv;
1S754
Leaves obovate
obovato-lanc
ent emarg.shining
iraooth
above,
Catk. cylind. many-fl.
Scale
shortersmooth
than ovato\ shining
Leave*
entire.
[lanceolate
ovary
137 Lvs.
Leave*
entiresmooth
Fem.smooth
catk.
1375G
ov. orovato-lanc
acute ent smoothabove,
shin, above,
Catk.obLobi.ofoffew-fl.
few.fls.Scales
Caps,length
ellipt. ofobi.
smooth,nooth
Stigm.ovary
sets.
13757 Leavesorbicular
somewhat
ellipt
obt
entire
coriaceous
smooth
with
reticulated
veins
glaucous
beneath,
Stigmas
nearly
se*sile.
Capsule
shaggy
13758 Leavesobov.
Lvs. ovate entire
bluntishentire
smooth
glaucous beneath.
Ovaryglaucous
ovato-lanc
itsonesstalk
longer
than none
scale
13759
laneacute
glandular
edge smooth
ben.: smooth
younggland,
silky,
Stipules
I370
Stem depressed,
Leaves spatutate
obovateatobtuse
entire smooth
shining
above
at margin
beneath,
Sup.
none,
Catk.
lax,
Scales
obL
fringed.
Ovary
stalked
ovatesmooth,
Styledeeply
divid.
Stigm.
2-lobed
13761 Stem depressed.
ovalnbrather
acute entire
reticulated with
veins heart-shaped at the base smooth
withLeaves
a hairy
and
beneath,
\ heart-shaped
1376 Stemabove
erect,paleBranches
smooth,
Lvs.margin
obov. lane,
acute Stipules
entire smooth,
Stip. none, Catk. stalked very smooth,
Scales oblong scarcely hairy, Ovary ovate obi. smooth its stalk twice aslong asscale, Stigm. sees, divided
us
stalk
mt "early entire ellint I
* a leaves
*a
Leaves villous
.
^^00'1'
uuiuiig
vinous
sessile
.
4.UIU
snaggy
on
both
sides'
hoary
beneath.
Capsules
sessile
smooth,
StyleIO"r
times
as
long
as
the
blunt
divided
stigmas
'" lanceolate
labiate entire bluntish
bunt' u clothed 8tigmas
Cansule
on both sides with longbeneath,
silky hairs,
Ovary^.i
sessile very woolly,
.is* * Leaves
M,e
about
ttlc
length
ofthe
deeply
separated
cloven
blunt
stigmas
Leaves nearly entire ovate acute reticulated and somew. downy above veiny and densely woolly beneath,
bit
" nao.
" sesaile
vervleaves
woolly.
Styleupper
aboutmore
the length
of the deeply
separated
linear divided stigmas
'
entire:
obovate
lane, reticulated
veins stigmas
glaucous
* 11)
erect,
down7I^wer
ben. Stip.
half
heart-shaped
serr.orTeasserrated
Ovary lane stalked
silky,
Style as longwith
as blunt
" elliptical
ovate 301116acuteserrulate
smooth
aboveserrated
hairy beneath,
Stipulesglaucous
minute,beneath,
Catkins Footstalks
long dilated at
1: E j-.
mm Leaves
waved
and
slightly
nearly
smooth
base. Catkins before the leaves. Ovary stalked lanceolate silky
lil Leaves lanceolate sharpish nearly entire downy revoluto veiny and rugose beneath. Stipules !anc. decid,
^ 1
tn*-' ratkfringed.
ovato-lanceolate
silky stalked.
Style short,
Stigmas
divided
mn ILeaves elliptical
entireoblong
tapering
at eachOvary
end polished
: the veinsbeneath
as wellas
the margin
hairy,
Ovary
: ** j-,. - liptical downy, Style elongated
kIT*
c?tire
elliptical
somewhat
revolute
with
a
recurved,
point
rather
downy
above
silky
and
shining
C* ji 1177*i
11771 0eneatn.a8
Wellas
branches,acute
Ovary
stalked
thanvillous
the stigmas
Ve* "''P*'**'
entiretherecurved
above
downyovato-lanceolate
beneathacute
silky, silky,
OvaryStyle
ovatesnorter
lanceolate
13-7fi ,T
hoary
1C v 13T7
T",obtue above
browndownv
smoothwith
andshort
opaquehairs
above
silkybeneath
beneath nearly entire
[ovate downy, Stem depressed
7 Tbeaves elliptic-obl.
p nCm 8lrai8htsomew.
nakedteeth
above
glauc and
and silky
silkybeneath.
ben, Ovary
stalked
[1 %
acute straightpoint
flat nearly
with aentfewalmost
glandular
glaucous
Footstalks
1 ISTq<itt wave*
I cnder'
St*m acute
erect much
Stipulesglaucous
none rugged and silky beneath, Stem prosL Branches
elliptical
convexbranched,
rarely toothed
1*1 Tm
0'
straight,
ovate
Style
shorterbeneath
than the stigm.
elliptical
acuteOvary
finely stalked
downy
bothsilky,
sidesleaves
glaucous
V 13781 I^J
i V"y lmal1,
CatItin
ratheronbefore
the
ovate hairy slightly serrated towards the point,
"Mves elliptical entire
acuteovato-lanceolate
at each end reticulated
with the
veins glaucous
most hairy
at margin,
137H'MJ'cielliniicai
T-rvary.fomewnat
'talked
thebeneath
deeplv
heart-shaped
pointed finely villous,
notchedStyle
downy onlength
bothofsides,
srm..idivided
->* stigm.
e
deeply
divi,
1378 i-
Branchessmooth,
hairy Young branchei
*, Stipules half heart-shaped
* ?hed
ellipticalnear,y
acute*mooth.
slightly-toothed
" Rffi
B. J}?. nearly
ked ovate
silkT.recurv
Stigmas
ovate<riobtuse nearly
ent
with
uoini
1 sc
W I'llIlit _
LECH
.OKCi
**
U78j
" ta'k?UM "* =.. Stem .^, uprght

\
.
how, 8 0|' one t ,h .

,u>
IS< "
"<> taracean.
137S7
Cu XXII. il
DICIA D1ANDRI.
826
6
ap.my
Germany
1821.
.1
1!tat
13788 riparia W.
Caspian 1823.
36 ap.my
Ap
narrow-leaveil A
13789 angustiflia W. grUzly
pensylv.
1*20.
apmy Ap
1S79 grsea W.
5 ap.my Ap Germany 8.
patulatc
*
13791 spatulta W.
1890.
Et
eared
** or S2 ap.my
13792
W. en.
wood*. m s Eng. bot.iL MST
ap jn Ap
Ap
marsh
13793 aurtta
uliginea
., Eng.
bot 1*37
aurta E. I'..
B.
w.thi.
ap Ap Britain
Engbot1
water
J oror 10* mr
1379*
aqutica
W.
Britain woods.
thick. .,
Ap
m-s
Ens.
UM
Olive-leaved
13795
oleif'.lia
If.
Britain
m.s Eng. bot
bot3S
Quince-leaved A or 2 ap Ap
98 cotiniflia
13797 sphacolita withered.point or 2 ap.my Ap Scotland sc alp. .1 Eng. bot
greatround-lvd or 30 ap.my Ap Britain dr.wo. du En, bot 236
13798 cprea f.
* ox 4 Jl.au Ap Scotland scalp m.i Engbet 1*
13799 Stuartina E. Stuart's
raoLw.
13800 acuminata W. acuminate J or 15 ap Ap N.Britain
m.1 Wa.am.t3I.f"i
Cone-bearing $ or 10 my Ap Amer. 182a m.i Eng bot 1896
13801 conifera PA.
Common Osier tt clt 12 apmy Ap Britain oe.gro. m.i Eng. bot 131
13802 vhnlnUi W.
or 20 ap.iny Ap England w-gro. m.s Eng bot *
13805 molliieima . Smith'a
auricled
clt mr.ap Ap England os.gro.
13804 itipulrli JV.
hoary
or 10 ap.my Ap N. Amer. 1811. ULI
15805 candida Ph.
France woods.
1S20. eJ
m.i Vi.deUt5U*>
Eng-boL2*A
FluRge'i
or 10 apmy Ap S.Britain
15806
13807 Fluggena
lba W. W. common white J clt 40 ap.my Ap England m.me. mi Eng. bot.
or 40 ap.my Ap
blue
15808
ilky root
or 3 ap Ap Scotland scalp Eng. 23*3
138U9 cerlea
rupstrii .E.B.
or 3 ap.my Ap
13810 Andenonlna E. Anderson's
or 10 ap.my Ap Scotland .we, m.s Eng bet 2*
13811 Forstenana E. B. FoMter's
Sweden 182.r.
oror 108 apmy
13813 flnmar'ch.ea W. Finmarck
apmy Ap
Ap Germany
- - 182i
13813 holoeerlcca W. velvety
SvaRE-Wood.
dor
30
...
Ap
Jamaica
1778.
20+1
CECROTIA.
W.
peltated
13Hpcltta W.
BoilYA.
2(4*.
BO'IIYA.
W.
un
Florida
13815
porulsa
W.?K.
un
Privet-leaved
1381(1
iigustrtna
N. Amer. 1^ c L
un
pointed
13817
acuminata
IV.
66
R
1824. m.
Prinos-liko il li_jI un
IS818
prinoldes
FF.
un
N. Amer
Amer. \
-i
ahining
138
l_|un
glaucous
33820 nitida
retusa FT.
JK
TRI4NDTIA.
Sp. 2- 1774. L. i,
2045. EMPETRUM. W.
Portugal
Britain m.he.
}13821
13822 lbum
nigrum W.W.
13797
13793
Hidon,, Ite, Propagalkm,

. m.u,ar gro*
younn troc,forintheir
a nursery,
otherwise
will soon
direction,
culturo may
be foundtheyin Sang'
Klen
ori .nct-*''1>"*?!
,tree.ha. CVrop(.
Frombranche, hollow
lo cry every
out, where,
rt of and
Iran "^",'cs
paare,0large, (
|S3 theS
the trunk and
f
top of a cominii'iHHtunoU
DICIA D1AKDBI1.
m < tant .if CeMjattu
fil 1)1|
Hfl Elutu
i I! fir
* 1MJ* "
Ir.
ulsCIA DIANDR1A.
827
.. jiiiij
tooin. downy
withsidesrectal.g.
veinswither*;
be...
caret
entire
elliptical
on bothStigmas
somewhat
Ovaryovate
lanceolate
silkyacute
on even
long downy
hairy
stalk,
nearly sessile
98 Leaves
pointedserrated
waved
downy
beneath,
Stipules
somewhat crescent-shaped, Ovary ovato
downy
on
a
long
hairy
stalk,
Stigmas
undivided
nearly
sessile
13799 Leaves nearly entire lanceolate acute shaggy above densely silky beneath, Stigmas capillary deeply
divided,
Style
long
as the
ovaryslightly downy beneath, Stipules kidney-shaped, Ovary ovate silky,
. Ii , i, * lt"*11 13800 Leave*
lane,
oblongasofthe
pointed
waved
Styleoblong
the length
linear
stigmas serrated smooth above flat and downy beneath. Stipules lunate
13801
Leaves
lanceolate
acute
distantly
V f if
somewhat
toothed,
Ovary
sulked
lanceolate
silky.
Style elongated,
Stigm.
deeply
13802 Leaves
linear
toOvary
lanceolate
very
pointed
somewhat
wavy
silky cloven
beneath, Branche
1 I H
straight
andinclining
lender,
sessile.crcnatc
Stylelong
aswhitish
long
asandtheentire
undivided
linear
stigmas
13803 Leaves
Î^vnceola1
lanceolate
pointed
olwnletely
silky
beneath,
Stipules
crescent-shaped minute,
Stigmas
linear
deeply
divided
about
the
ienoth
..r
>ie
ityle
ISSMLeav- i. '
-tb Ws-t...
, gta^'S^S
onser
downythan
benIh7s
1
Leav
linear*
C^SS'
the
s'tyl
1
. Stip. lane, aboutlt^Vh
tffih
f . ? JÛtaUf.
^Scales
toothed
\^\^^\Av..^
^ n,he
o" J
di * *"
(V jfiBT
Mt
i .-- II I
(MW*
I
13810 Uaves ,fflp SKSt*/',? ^8,?" t,1L' "'.divid ,*7' '
Ovar?
HI C.H <lonyl;
*wJw;lotoob,oi'b,^hh^-^-e,,t0i,d(lownybcnMlh
hisDid atifi Ti ,i
..
1*16 LIS ^* bnceoUte obtuse - ,
at edge dotted beneath
tau
M .-.
H ( - k
and alternate
4*"i "no a ,hm a'k retuse'lito
emargi,
emarginate
mucronulate very ,moot g|.,uc0,
TKlASDtU
I |
Bj.&.,. ,.
TRIASDRI.-.
TRIAXDRIA.
_
S'S'3 ^ '^.
i ' -.Ute
4'r'
rc'ute ," edge
*"*
S** Tb lark I.
.
BSS t '.S n,d " <W'ly d fr all .ort. of cordage. The trunk ,.
bv ni^. amone the Kn n. l. * J trunk andfluate
brani-hee their
yield..
a (treat ,o
quantity ofi. fiir.,1
^|.
,WlWlEra"dotllhrdTanu,i^
Vmlwil
g1|g. . """ ,he ,roe
P'd and propagate!
(ftoL!)Iru't,"JyUC
g
'>"2.0f &lic!,rrdrbyf t1hS2d,,Str ^,'' "A"iru.hed Freneh tr.wllcr and natural!
. of S natural growth, , n, and TfK, , rtonc. j(rum ^
Cuk XXII.
DICECIA TttIANDRIA.
828
Sp.
1-3.
Resllacece.
S046. WILLDENO'VIA.round-stalked
Th. Willdhotti.
J*t lAI P 2 jnjl Ap CO.VL 179a ip ..1790.1
mettra w.
Sp.C.G.
5-47.R 1793. R s.p Ragraiai.St
Hope Grass. m || an 3 Besllacem.
*S047. UESTIO. W, thatch
my.jn
I82t.
RR s.p
13824
Ketorum
If.
3 my.jn
my.jn Ap
Ap .. GG. H.
Jftk iAJ
un
twiggy
18L
s.p Rat.gra.5.Ll.U
Rol.gnUtl
1S825
virgitu.
If.
a
3
Ap
lAJ
un
dichotomous
1824.
R
s.p
Rot.8Tl.lti(J
5l.'82fi
dichtomus
If.
.
.
a
23 my.jn
Ap
m l| un
panicled
13827
panicultus
If.
1820.
R
S.P
un myjn Ap . g. a
sheathed
1S828 vagintus If.
Sp. 21
Elega.
2048. ELE'GIA.
If. Rush.like
1 Restiaeete.
jl.au Ap t. g. a 178. Lp RM.rn.aLiM
MM iAJ
13829
lAJ un
un 1 my jn Ap . a 180. Lp
13830 jncea
immteThunb.
Lam. racemed
Palma. Sp. 4.Levant 1597. S r.m CjtaAUU
8049. PH-N1X. If. common
Date Palm. I
' 10 ...... W.o
W.o CG. 1792 S Lp Jac.lncffl.til
13831
dactyllferaIf.If. reclining
' 8 ... W.o E, Indies 1HXL S r.m Kox.eof.Lt7*
i
13852
recl.nla
small
113833
farinlfera
If.
S
...
W.o E Indies 1810. S r.m
stemleat
i
13831 acaulis Rozb.
Sa. 1757. pi RheanuU Iii
Stilago.
SOSO.
STILA'GO.
If.
2020 au... Ap
Ap E Indies
un
Indies 1800. pi Rox.cor.it.112
Laurel-leaved 1\
134
Biinius
If.
un
disndrous
13836 dindra If.
Santalcea.
S?Europe
1739. Lp Lsm. ilL L SS
Poet's Cassia.a*
2051. lba
OSY'RIS.
3 ... W
13837
If. If. white
Aulax.
2052. AU'LAX. 4V. Pine-leared
13838
13839 pinifeiia
umbelltaR.R.Br.Br. umbclled
TETRAWRIA.
2 Proleactar.
jla Y Sp.l
.G. H. 1780. Lp Bot rep.76
2 jn.au Y
13827
13830
Die,
Pnpagatkm.
aunre.
^.^."*'
Hislorp,
n,
inm elevated
situations,
on dry, terre",
^ ,,,
he;
common
in theof northern
part,
ofthe
Europe,
derated
s "XKeildrcn
eatm the ,
Itareisnomore
patient
cold
than
even
common
heath.
The
"Vri
a
inen n
very desirable fruit j and taken in large quantit.es are sud to bring on' slight
headjcrie.
wA**^
peasants, however, eat them, and the KamLschadale. gather great quaui 't"^ ^ antiKOroutiejn" 1
G make a^rt of pudding
with the bulbs "/.fe'^L'The e"rem"ntftTnge
Set"S**2*
rSr"Sh^^F""me.. . of pun*- "ffA *M
Grouse
he",t| effi",'8"
are s"d>^.^
Wmk' and
"**2
a.f.^ album.
mb- Thc"theyhemn
"1 Oss**s, 1su an alterati f <*
^^^^^'^Â!SL^*> 'to -lf, named in honor off Charles a.^
utry,
?"1""''"^
?f the>".
Ceof'nSft*?*
T PKics
usedthisM plant
with,both
st the
Cape of
nd wouldan.llasfmS,
re bu,lt^,,T are ofnonly
thatchedarewith
in lossaid
u 2(48. S/JX. 'ngcr' if " ih ti i hu/ >f thatched with it will last twenty or thirtyyea",
hard
pl, ,m . lamentai
on *',' d d,d" "<the
Wow"dmuch
dirt into it,color
whichof cau4s
it toptot
rot
wa>9ruahy
oS^T^helMbitor
a Hertia
or mouniing
the .hole
^^,^11;
from Pho-nicia,
whence
the firajen
bestdof
the ,^ ' .'i1! ^ô*1^?,SS!.
the bonSuu J1, 10n i ?alma, Itad
both signifying
the hand,
to the
l".,.t,g veitlln,,
.occayed
of d leavet
p i^ffe,.
js fiJ
fathe tree
w(his groan^to *.
The, ](,,_
when
a sueW
-J - !*
than
IT*
account
ol thearcpersUting
veitige.
ofInng,
the with
decayed
leavra.
> >~long,'ea"1'
,ilUe hmore
more
thanandanan inch
inbroadeW
, th
bearing
fmit,
six
or
eight
feet
pinnas
three
feet
a
"
|eavc<,
flowers of both sexes come out in very long bunches from the trunk
ina with narro (,iJi
>anther,
spaths,lilted
whichwith'farina.
withers;
those
of have
the male
have b^"*'jtn
ge. runnro
""''L longii1'anthcr.
withopens
farina.and
female
stsmma,
,s deep
lurrow
w
nowers
stamina,
n""* JhT. 1,||1
V""eep
"utow
rithThe
thick
pulpflowers
enclosing
a nohard
oblongtan
stone,
n pAbia
and, rtoirf -
. and,
betomestilled
an oval
berry,
with
a
L
"
tree
make,
i
great
part
of
the
diet
of
the
""**"
rve
oft_JJ^%,id<
W
nallv. The fruit
of
th.il
'
. hard ,stones
.amilies
.ubsial
almost entirely
uponcamels.
it ln1" "5|^
tht,v lurnto'tol', Scl in tf
even
grind
the
in
their
hand-mills
for
their
the
paternoners of these stones. The date is said to strengthen the stomarh ana
> recomtn , ^
promote
expectoration,
whichthe-purpose
itof i.thegiren
Intheypectoral
""''"^J,
C1~
I*1 8veS
in"" " ine. forFrom
leave,
tree
makei baskets
or tegs , Barban'.
f JtjT
M ft
Prom
the
leaves
of
the
ihiT Sf,t"Y":1
i "pi ot tncm'
a""
brushes
In
clean
their
solas
or
."iiffor
the
s>
lnIt m"v
fowls for
to market
Thethreads
trunk isofspthet w"1
" kQ
used In amau buildings.
servestheir
likcwUe
tiring. The
0Oim m.
DICIA TRIANDHIA.
135 |,1 .: i_ nearly

_ .
J ! J *:'
"* ?,lra'Ple
CUm channelled,
!IS 5*" triaM"u

lTie only
TETRANDRIA.
ti
"
!Palulate.linMr
boughs
malcpmJu! the rifWing of maller
<*
the
vessels.
TheParticulan.
Juice
the
datetrunk
tree isintoprocured
by ofcutting
herebadtheor san
in ajjLin ,'i8
e ??
1
P'ant,
and
scooping
theor of
top
ofquarte
the
the shape
aweek
basinoff
;
fortnight
a/fer
lodge*
ltee,r'
at
th
rate
of
three
four
a
day,
during
the
tiret
become dry and|22 V 11 daily diminishes, and at the end of six weeks or two months the treeor
" of the consist- ici- nT timber
hut""rewood.
This liquor,
whichropy,
has aacquiring
more luscious
sweetness than honey,
P^lft
quickly
tracte*,uponbydistilhtinr,
the "cmbick ^ e>,njP. ipirit
or 'become,
which tart
" theandencrai
name in antheintoxicating
East for all quality,and
hot liquors
uMM
.?!V1^.
druPee
of
the
sise
of
a
large
kidney
bean
;
these
the
natives
of
Coromandcl
eat
into toreeas
n, f 'w,thout
Thebaskets
leaflets ofarevarious
wroughtkinds;
into mats
the are
common
forreplit
thu purpose
"Sanyforpreparation.
making ordinary
but ;they
not sopetioles
proper
surrounds
"mal1 trunk,ie generally
when divested
leaves,inches
and the
iibrous
et*Aihethatthickest
nart tbi'nb
V at * ner ln*ert,OO>
fifteen ofor its
eighteen
long,strong
and sixbrown
in diameter
quantity
of
firin
cxtcnor
or
woody
part
consists
of
white
fibres
matted
together,
which
envelope
nom thethefibra
* food
by the
in timesin ofwooden
scarcity
; but toandseparate
thisa
nfted:
rest ofthethnto*mwuf
18 spsuliStjince
mto aix"fd
or eiKnt
pieces,
thennatives
dried, beaten
mortars,
afterwards
It seems tr. , PreParailo consists in boiling the meal into a thick gruel, or, as it is called in India,
, *
*7?,1~<:
sago,
and style;
is less palatable.
dlandrapmducesn
^ c '^nutritive
1x1 from
the than
length
of the
but the name
Is unexplained
its author.
. S05I.
MndyOnrU
loam anriThem.M1*
used
th*-'
native*,
but
not esteemed
by Europeans.
The byspecies
thrive
i
Ku
r00t
m
eand
unJer
a
hand-glass.
Punpojcj. The <name ofa tree with long supple branches, which were used for brushes and similar
*2' tne utii of Europe ^ sle,lder flexib'e branches, of which packing materiaU arc formed
lhe origina) 1 *t<*^ * furrow ; in allusion, we presume, to the furrows on the under-side ofthe leaves
gnu. is.i',n.
wh which
n*rrowthrives
leavesbest
, nearly
alliedsandy
to Protea.
Tbl,a great
8* many
obaariiia.
tt "a
"r,ltensmall
at th iJi.. . S01
"roteaceie,
in a very
loam, with
potsherds
* ? ^1 f th
nsiy. a thev ireouPnrW *
h watCr,
XXII.
1 TETRANDRIA.
Sp.
S!.
LEUCADEN-DRON.
R.Br.
Lrl'cadrmdron.
Proteacete.
6.. 1693. Lp Uro.iU.L51tl
13840
argnteum R.R. Br.
Br. feather-tiower'd.
Silver Tree I
oror 154 RU
. G.G. HH. 1774.
1 Ml plumsum
CD
jn.au
1790. LpLpLp
1384
imbrictuvn
R.
Br.
[Z]or
4
...
CG.
R
1812.
'
13843
buxiflium
R.
Br.
lloxlcaved
or
4
...
CG.
H.
1774.
Bum*.
Levisnus
R.
Br.
or
13S44
ihort-leaved
4 ap.jn
ap.jn
G. a ... LpLp Jacache
LLto
or
13845
hnilolium
.
Br.
Flux-leaved
4
CG. a ... Lp Botrnag,!
13846 Prtra
rueeiflorum
R. Br.
starred
or 4 my.jn
Uellrit
. M.twisted-leaved
1790. Lp BoLreg.S2
13847
turtum
L.
T.
mr.my
Y
13848 cincreum
L. T.L. T. gray
1774.
jl.au
Y .. .G. Ra
1790. LpLpLp Bot. n* KB
13849
corymbsum
corymbed
pjl
Y
1790.
13850 decorum T. decorous
.. .G.
Bot rep. 317
177413851
concolor
L.
T.
one-colored
3
mr.jn
.
*
I
I
or
Y
LpLpLp Par. land. 105
1385
L. T. grc-at-rlowcred
< Il 1[oror 3 ap.jn YY .. g.g, 1789.
1812.
13853 grandinrum
decurrens
T.
decurrent
3
1795. LpLp Par.lond.7S
strictum
upright
13B54
3 ap.jn YY g..
13855
virgtum L.L. T.T. slender
3S jn.au
ap.jn Y . .
Plu .l!2St
13856
.
adstndcns
L.
T.
pale
13857
L.T. T. ncat
33 apjn YY gg.
Boer.lugl
13858 conclnnum
sallgnum
L.
.
.
Willow-leavcd
1_|
or
Breyn.ceal.LS
uginsum
L. T. swamp
1.
Y e.G.
1 l_l
Bot.
rep. 5
138611
rlriduin L.T.
L_J or 33 a|Ljn
florid
ap.jn YY .. g.g.
Bot
rep *!3
13861 re'mulum
/.
T.
or
incurved
3
jn.s
Botrep-tol
abietinum
L.
T.
.
g.
Y
al
I
I
or
Pine-leaved
3
La
scbrum L. T. rough
Y e.G. 1811 l.p
a i_i or
VISVCUM.
2054. lbum
Mislrtoe.
Tjyranteir. Sngland trees. S m-s Eng.bot
13864
W. W. common
cu 2 my G
S055. Gle
MYRI'CA.
Sp.
1221. sp.bo L ip Eng. -
13865
W. W. W. Candlrbrrrt
Sweet
Gale Myrtle.
a* oror 4 Ameniacete.
ray
Ap
SS s.p
It*
N.N.Britain
Amer. 1099.
1S8G6
cerfera
common
til
8
my.jn
Ap
Lp 0.car.
0ltcar.LtB
Amer.
13867
carolinnsia
IF.
L s.p
Du.sr.e.n.iL*>
Amer. 1730.
...
13868 pensylvnica Ph. broad-leaved
Pcnsylvanian al oror 3 my Ap N.Asores
s.f
Du.ar.en.il
1777.
immi
'. W.
Azorian
l* Ii II oror 6 jn.Jl
13870
trthipica
.. G.G. .a 1793.
1795. LL s.I11 Hu.alm.1*
African
83 jn.jl
Plu.aro.L4r}fJ*
saw-leaved
|
(
or
J3871
serrata
au
L s i Jac.frag.141-
C.C. G.G. aa 1752.
13872
lacinita
Wen.
smooth
ak-lv.
al
i
1
or
3
jn.jl
1S87.
W. en. hairy Oak-lvd. i I or 3 jn.jl
L pf PlualmtJIM'
13874 quereifolia
curdiflia W.
aMexico
g. a 1752.
1759.
heart-leaved
allI |loror 4 my.jl
182.1
13875
\v.
Mexican
L
pl Jacq.lcti*
S.
Amer.
1K24.
13876 mexicana
segregta Jaca
netted
* i J or
1861
80
138W
HMory,andUte,IitiW
Propagation,
j_,
S053
1.m
-,;.(,
w,
,,
From
a tree,withinCulture,
allusion
appearance
of
mon species. No. 13,840. Theimx
sj>ocieewhite,
are evergreerl shrubs,
handsometo the
foliage
they gro
"s 3
sell
and not
and areclammy,
increasedon byaccount
ripenedofcuttings
in sand
under thel|BJlr"
Pc,
... ' *drained
Fromoverliai.
thewatered,
Latin
sticky
nature
"' qî jsj
Oer' """.
and
Viica,
Thisitfacta,
may
beanv
considered
the only
truethetheparasitical
plant ofindigenous
atorMMI,
nowood
period
of
its
existence
does
derive
nourishment
from
soil
like
Orubanehe,
"
like certain
The rootround,
of thesmooth
misletoeandinsinales
riu I J, fw
woody substance
of theFungi,
tree; and
the other
shootsepiphytes.
are dichotomous,
even ; anditso
tlie leaves,evergreen,
which areandtonguc.shaped
and entire.
Thewhite
wholevery
formsglutinous
a pendantberries.
bush "JffliSi
specie *
cred
with
The
,r*mJ
tnikediameter,
in winter c"*~i
-*> small
".-n
hito
verv
uliitinous
bernes
ori
-~,
mapic,
etoe
is
commonly
found
on
fruit
trees
;
oi
ces;
but
it
will
grow
on
various
others,
as
"*
poplar lime, ash, ie ; and in the neighbourhood of Magdebourg it U abundant on Pmu ''"". f 1 oa
,k.
f.
I,rl8.de
by
inserting
theW.es
in
slits
in
the
bark
early
in
spring,
and
lying
JEbS
he sht to protect them from the birds. The Druids sent round their attendant youths un d 4",n
IMwmm
'7 "",n
tl,G b0"'0*, and also from
boiled
water, beaten In i , . iw,m .,; '
211V, il1"0
r"m,mo"'!r
fromthe
theofbark,
hark
of the'inholly.
"o^beea^
V" 0mkmanufactured
l**ti) synonym
the Tamarix.
It is aid to have beeni denied tr JJjrj,
"fxlc^^n^t0'vr.ntBk.thooftlremÛa
a bOt , , ,P'-TXsarc always found on the banks ofTheir
rivcrr,
and inoilinundated
"
jlicnorlbcra
eonti.l
i" d'"!"'S0
'i, lid iT. 'i"'"1 "" ||" '""o of hops, and it is still in use for thatripurpose
in soroc o thej.
hea,l.ari,,. 'T^P1*^
in the
Highlands of Scotland. Unless it 00be boiled a long time, .i'J,.KPfp,r'
,h
~v-
'he
it
I"T"h.
..
thered
ulcient 4uantitiea
quantititk,n'
cone, candles.
boitai in Itwater
throw
up calf.skins.
a scum .resembling
wax..,,un
would?rmake
is used
to tai
Gatheredheosm the
autumn it d)
IV.
DICIA TETKANDIUA.
lin.lanceolate
smooth rounded
at bait,
BrancherUL
silky cunate
ih.Scale
Maieof
cal. smooth
: fcmal
IMS Leaves
Leavesune.oval
: when
smooth,
Scale*
ofcone
silky
Fruit vllloue
13SM
ipatulate
callous
atSrSd"1.
end,oldanil
branches
villous,
Fruitdilated-cuneate
comose
pntless
'.
fil tes
s***
lapcn.ig
nr.
*
Kruitc
:comose
Leaves linear
spatulate
at, base
and branches
smooth,
Male head
utiJe larger
than mucronata
158 Leaves linear lanceolate smooth : the youngerstraight tapering at base, bemale head shorter than leavea
137
Leaves linear
bluntish
smooth,
BranchleU
ilky,
Cal. silky.bru,Fruit
comosedotvriy
pointleM
1.SI8 Leaves
lineartwisted
silkyimbricated
with
a callous
beard atsomewhat
end. Cal.
veryacute
shaggy,
HLrs.
lin.spatulate
acute callous
channelled
erect
smooth.
Scales
ofcone
rceurve.1,
rruit
nlieortUB
ated
1*41
Lvs.obl.
veiny
at
end
recurred
inoothish
:
floral
colored
1
.carious,
Scales
ol
.
o
ic
d
,| y 01MM
uidc
S Lm
Unaspatulate
obi. atcallous
at end :smooth.
BranchesBran,
downy,
Scales ofcone
rctu.oScales
ciliated
downy
Ohl.
callous
end
.month
doral
colored,
lies
somewhat
downy
ovaM
M.
m
til
1.JS5S 1..lm.lane,
I.V.. sp-itul. lane.
call, atdually
end subdecurrentconcave
branches
smooth.Scale,
Scales
ol cone
roundish
ISO,
macron,
smooth, Invol. ov. ac.and
longer
than bead,
ofcone
round,
dilatedsmisatliisr
I ool*
1 * In
lin. MIth
transi'acule
"cut :edge,
branchescolored
4u,tesmooth
: floral
linlowlane,withong,ascciioiiic
I r. mg
ento
arg.il
(.eaves
lanceolate
floralandlanceolate
concave.
Shrub
bran'
I
B7 Leaveslinear
Lu
obi.linear
lanceolatebluntish
veinlessand
branchesquite
smooth
: floral
i.colorcd,
fruit
winded
emargmat.
ISM
lanceolate
cuspidate
somewhat
silky
:
floral
lanceolate
colored,
bruit
very
narrownjnged
jgg Leaves Kb'^Ju,c.7>
nn
M
LvsflO Lva. lane.lane
lin. lin.
silkvsilky
withwith
downdownon each side with callous point.
mm ciliated, Scales coher
13864 Leave* lanceolate obtuse, Stem dichotomoue, Heads of flowers axillary
13& Leaves
Leavea oblong
lanceolate
broaderatupwards
serrated,at Stern
shrubbyofmale catkins acute, pernee
. g oboe.
1.
narrowed
base suleerrate
end. Scales
13867
Uaves
oblong
narrowed
at
base
co.irs.-ly
serrated,
Scales
of
male
catkins
acute,
Herne
globo*
10868 Leaves
Leaves elliptical
oblong acute
at eachsubscrrate,
end entire Male
or slightly
at endDrupe
revoluti
Igecelled nucleus
13,
lanceolate
catkinsserrated
compound,
withata4
13870 leaves
elliptical toothed
: the lowest quite
entire
13871 I*v
Leave* oblong
lanceolate
unequally
acuminate
serrated, Catkins long lax
25
deeply
sinuated
smooth
52
I*vei
oblong
oppositely
sinuated
hairy
1*74 Leaves
leaves subcordate serrate
.... ,i -am
cunatesessile
tapered
base Catkins
nearly entire
smooth....
shining
6
Leaves oblonglane,
lanceolate entirenetted
with atveins,
few-flowcred
lax with the mifluic
13864
! > hce, ar^1i,,'" ^WfJe. The S

1
f're
away
moths,
S-S
,ht niphor
canipo,,
* ',' JlS.'"^4
" to iheir
oven. Linnteus
Linnin?
their0
- IJ'lips.the insmell
the ofislethtsjof
MSJWer.lnyneS
tne""
ovens.
wa 1 , ""Id'ig
^
to *.
from
b,^nh
wr' * m" fbe
mS it?L H
1J0rscs and"a""CFd
S I
i 'beep and
cows
refuse
"MHish. I,' 2"abundantly
" Id called tlire
E
,,M,,
""
species.
Candle,
are
.
fromi the itberries
a weth esod',, , ' ,',T" 1,t""';;
2 ""bdri
tree;well-some
son..lade
aret,,,;*3' nor does ever to Li found
also
particularly
in
up
in
the
country
Tie
nemes
ten.M
,
un. and are thrown "* ,m ,' i 'ry 1 'lc l*?rries ^tended "e,.e'""'oil
S'**
iii"^ t.* < *>&tnm
!
'.ti 1""0
bu'hra r. "d Wl
h.to gather t)n>
.^'."".
for nXT
lK_*!.a?,-5e...d>i
001 il b, cuUirS" " ""OJ- l<"m, in a m,
Cuya XXII
DICIA TETRANDRIA.
832
crm
13- iMa
2056. Putranjlva
NAGE1A Roxb.
. grey-barked
Nagria. O uo
Ap Sp.
E Indies
1822. .
13S77
ELragnc.
So,
L
tj(H7.
SHEPHER'DIA.
M
Shepuerdia.
13878 canadensis .Vi///. Canadian
or 10 ap-my Ap N. Amer. 1759. L
Eheagne*. So. L
tSO
HIPPO'PHAE
W.
Sea
Bucktiior*
13879 rhamnoides W. common
or 12 ap.my Ap England seaco,. L Eng. bot 425
2.
9009, BROUSSONETIA. K. .'. 12 CaUrUcetc.ApSp. Japan
Ksm.amcet.*tf
13880 papyrfera
W. Paper
Mulberry*?$
12 f.i Ap
13881
spatulta Hort.
etuire-leaved
2060. complta
SCH.EFFE'RIA.
IK.white-flowered
Sciijifferia.1 1 or fi V" #*17 pi UrauLtW
13882
W.
Sp. 23. . pi BotrablSS
2061.
RRU'CEA.
W.
Briicra.
.
ap mv G Abyssinia
13*83 ferruglnea W. Ash-leaved or
or 10 ap.my G E. India 1820. p.1
13884 lumatrna Roxb. Sumatra
. Sp. II
pi Plualai.tlSUl
9062. arthipicum
ANTHOSPER'MUM.
W. AmberTit.
13885
W. Ethiopian
\ ! jnjl G.W CG. H. 16
Sa
2-4.
Ip Bro.jsm.l^/ tl
2063.
TRyPHIS.
W.
Ramoo.vTree.
Indie* 1780.
13886
American Jt Cor
20
25 apmy
... G E.W.Indies
18K. Lp
13887 americana
spera W. W. rough-leaved
, 0drte. 4 StratbrpUUli
2064. caryophyllceaJC
MONTI'NIA. W. Sea.
13868
Punl-lvd. - i_J or
S065. PISTA'CIA.. .W
13889
13890 officinrum
reticulta
narbonenfsis(.L.
13891
Terebluthu.
13892 atlntica W. (.
PENTANDRIA.
Plffl&CIIIA
.
15 ap.m, Ap
officinal
Ap
net-leaved 5 oror 2015 ap
Jnj. AP
TurpentTree
%I l_l or 12 ... Ap
Atlantic
Levant 570.
Levant 172.
M*
Barbary 17
C P "a
Lp
JS *'4
L r.m
History, Use, Propagation, ""- .

, nitit
2056.with
.
is the
Japanese
namegrey
of one
Pi^1..t,1'rlke
freelyro,s,
in te'\C,rof
shruh
a moteJvVigi
elegant
foliage
and a light
bark.of the
JUpened
"""J",,,
m " M
2057. ShephrrMa.
A worthy
name given
by ofSuttall
to the "W1""
Lall
iSekp1 "
"
William
Shepherd,
the
curator
the
Liverpool
botanic
8*l"j
-dicirially
green deciduo.!, leave, covered over with hrowm.h ail. cry scale. 01. the lowJ
jppilcd *
,
2058. ; Hippophae.
ancient
nametogiven
to ""''
' Td"s vev
horse.
from ,Vr, aAnhorse,
and Mm,
give light.
H. rtamnoides.a
very prolific
in terri*.
Tr ar. h flI
when
ripe, succulent,
smooth,Bothnia
and gratefully
a,drobto '^f^^K^parts
U!
fishermen'
from
wh-- sou, an i MJ^B
,. c;4 a u!;
Every part ofof the
the Gulph
plant willof dye
yellow.prepare
The aspecies
growthem,
m common
^
ormttingsof
ir29.
c uttings
oi the
tne roots..
roots.Named by L'Hritier,
^ min hhonor fof .
.. countryman
wnfrv,nL
Brouuonelia.
his
country
oil f^.îkJ
^&
naturalist,
travelled
in Earliry.and
l^blW.ed
n^hthyotog
.n ^ The
te,(1
female
niblisheshaped;
ormuchlowfrom
tree,who
with
large
leaves,
variously
the
roUage^J"
fruit
is little * mu ^
lobed
etmpc.
;
'"""^.'"'"fhe
each other that they might easily be taken for distmct species.
,it,
and. from
the
bark
the
Chinese
make
paper,
and
the
OfJu^MJt
,,,,.
jnr
> (ud>f
papyrifera,
though
a
low
tree,
produce,
vigorou.
shoots,
w
.
black
purple
larger
than peas,
surrounded
with long
purple haii^,
whendo npe
[he
sboo*^
seet juice.
In China
and Japan
it is cultivated
a. we
osiers,changing
fo^: tne!"
Mpated, from

paper,
bark
of inwhich
theandinhabitants
ofhark
theseparated
east countries
make
paper.
ineoai
"c making
theandwt
stee[tl
water,
the
inner
from
the
outer
;
tne
lui
,
.
111>1 The
next put
slowlv
boiled,separates
then washed,
and afterwords
orI a oociu
^M
,,,,, by
This nark
pulp isbeing
In" water,
like grains
or mcaL put
An lnfuion
i ^
one, .,
next ad.w tu it. Krom the liquor so prepared, the sheets of paper are i~
.,hcr Iratb"
presjed, the operation is finished.
IB Iv322H
, be used ,in ,,
China . due,
'"/'"'the
Sandirh Sd
... thisvh,..
,-mt
won, nvof <^!^\0\
"
,
gârJhit1^
made
of the bark
tree.people.
The cloth
the Breai-fru.t
u inferiorM,uralisl
m "
"SbfhSS
by theofcommon
. _ tree____
of celebn'' boi>*
^SlSJ**
S
eallerTater
James
Christian
Sdueffer
Offl^
^w^b his excellent work od the Fungi of Bavaria, published KcS.
lies
Sim
*
im,
i Ona IV.
dicia
Sub
1 1b-1", I1
. .<,...Sumnu.
1 w
IAJT
" *. .,[, Ml Lea, linear-Unccbl
> . * M
. 13880 Lmv 9 s i u .
IIA i
DICIA TETRANDRIA.
13882 , tetrapetalous axillary
lJ
ir .
f i. . J-?86 Unarmed. T*a.
"t *
r> .SinU>d
W. KU' 1 <4P ' tu * F LM,'M ""* ong cal, nur,
'M .. -i.u
ss _ .... . oo. ^~ nottal
ncttotl ttl,h
wrt" essar
venu retuee mucronate
Si !
" "i S&sass?
iv;il('-l:lln-,.(,?-,K,
..
AUaatt f lJ - *
II/
' : .1- '

<! then tn
hr.i, * _ ' -
they are
;tillsometimes
"?* 11 from ! a"m,t of beimi scrap,.,! ofrwrh 7 life,'"'." 111|

before i
fiotf whic
by the lo1 heat, and'^^thr^h"
f-"es, sixty ve.tn
and Chio,
the
account
it is com....,..,.,l.
risî"r;"l,ita,,!
t
"Tfhftimy anrt
mut Wlliiim
itnow,' and*u of*" a
11um acrimony
bitterness.
Class XX1L
DICIA PENTANDRIA.
834
MartickTree, t ,_J ec 15 my ^. L . Bot*^
I n".; LcntlK-us
mauilintisIf.
fuacete.
543. 1739. Lp Slaja-S-tl*"
90CS.
ZANTHOX'YLUM.
W. Tooth-ach
.
... G.w
G.wSp.Jamaica
138!H
W.If. nntch.lcaved
oror 1010 apiny
W. Amer.
Indies 17-39. L LpB.I .LI
i1S89I
:-!b emarginalum
Clava
Hrculis
Lcntiscus-leav.
i
|
Duh.ubl.l
6
mr.ap
G.w
N.
fraxlneuin
H",. common
oror 6 ... G.w N. Amer. 1759.
J80tx LL Lir.m Bot mag.ii*
13897
tricrpum
.
three-capsuled
1823
l.M's nltidum Dec.
shining
|_ i I or 6 ap.my G.w China
Sp. 1S.
2067. PICRAM'NIA. W. mima.
4 ... G Jamaica 1793. p.l Slo.j^t,m2
13899 Antidsma If. Ash-leaved
.) Rhec.roaLS.tH
90S". ANTIDES-MA. W.Laurel-Icavel
19. un 10 my.jn Ap E.Sp.2m
1S9UU alexitcria
... Indies
Indies 1793
1800. .1
( 1 un 10 Amaranthaeete.
13901
paniculta '.If. nanicled
Sp.
S8.
bnaULtM
IhesINB.
9069. ceiosioides
IRE'SINE.If.W. Florida
W S.America
1731 DLp
S Lp PluLtJ-tM
1
2Ujl.au
jl.au W
Amer. 1S22.
long-leaved
13903elong{ta
If.
S
Lp
IJ
jl
au
VV
&
Amer.
1818.
straggling -JPr Chcmpodc. Sp. 1.
13901 diffusa W.
Spinauk.
907olercea
SPINA'CIA.
If. common
mr.o
1568. SS Sch-hawLiLS.
cul
13905
If.
1 i mr.o
G
cul
prickty
glabra
tpinta Mill.
S
mr.o G
cul Emthorbiacea:.
round
Sp.Indies
I. 1825. r.m
9071.
FLUC.'GEA.
If.
6
...
E.
m o un
13906 leucorfrui W. white
CMrnopodfte.
13. 16W. S
2072. ACNI'DA. If. Virginian Hemp. u 2 jiijl
G.v N.Sp.Amer.
13907 cannaLilna W.
S h.l SctbaDilt
Urticett.G Sp.\.India
2073. sativa
CAN'NABIS.
Himp.
6 jnjl
13908
Ff.
D r.m * I** 4i7
207+
HU'MULUS.
W
13909 Lpulus H'
^13898
Ulf
"1
ta
1

?4c . ,mat,,:k co.i?leS airhX*
continued t.ll the d of Septem!*,
the wholefbm". tr"m bitte 'a

"'' lhe W
" , Sh ?* "arlierry. X>eV2L i?J?v" r<-blinK thue of the leiion, nd IhM .
.
"< ' sand in a ioaTSSl
,,leC re4U're * rich loam' "* "-
'
"
S'"X
,h"
Pre-ent >blv before tta starrftt.
ereat
' 1'"
'he>:, ||"
named,
'"' liersceoi
r*. l,ich|.lsnO
" ?5
be,,
ri
From of its c"o il.E oolly
flowers, has been
!
"^ta anTi'ch ,;L''C,!,"" f 'be procdes of the Ked. A well loom seJ
ng"nd,,rn,d "'-^ lSeji hr 0f " <*" Cryptosamic topuA* '
covered with leaves.
<' * na"" th
strong
2072. does not sting. . mg to Bullet, tWs name is taken
from
the
eau,
a reed,nsme
and ai,
mA "g
, hme
uniler
ofertad,
i
which
- _immemorial
.h Celtic
Celtic
2073. says,
Coimnois.
Bullet,bythis
taken
Irom
'
^ . , ^can,
* 'h.
tne
-, ,mmi
C.olius
the ]>lantAccording
has been toknown
the name
Arabs isfrom
time
height " VJ.

hemp
is , manuraclorial
antiquity
with the
fax.eight*'*JS
, |,gh ,1''' *Ji, ill w*"S
warm
n!plant
partsof orequal
Italyterritory
it has ibeen
foundfeet
1
'eight inclimate;
I^,l^r,|,in .J
thrBolognese
twelve
; this country it ,Um "^cnunt,
,.,, , ,,.,
'"dish hemp i. no flner than where it is three time, the . WW *"a'sTbc
o^L1",'**
long before
the former
^' [^ i, .own 00
or th. seed i the decaying
female, shews
that the
theyfemale,
have eBrcted
their.14purpose.
0 V.
nS.a I3SS Leave, abruptly piatCi
' lito
*
lsw
nsito BS
Uli lJsb,Ltl H narrowed at h,
DICECIA PENTANDKIA.
boute. Petiole winged
S.15
terminal
unarmed
tiol.
and branch,
prickly
LeaHeu
oblong hining
""U>, Style. S recurve,
_,_
"tuaeemargmateatpomt downy b,
Leave, gitute, Fruit senile

entire.inooth, Spine, s or S irchi, lot.
V?^ KSSSrii. S* "> Hot ci,

Our Engli.l,name
word I bp '
Lupus.tosalict.inus,
tue willow.,
which, bythetwmiog
in Europe from
an unknown
length
timeofforHenry
its flowere,
which are
used forboth
pre*525bw
Sratlanri
inJ lrel?nd
i ture: 'tWasim introduced
Flanders
incountries,
thereign
VIII.,
though
indigenous
"*n
I
.Wo.
little
cultivated
in
thoee
owing
to
the
humidity
of
their
autumnal
r<ûal ,rpUnUof thiesewt, the hoc r-:.r. .
the female plant,
thereSSÔote?^ There mJSSl^ ,to flowera d,m..re..t.nd,v.du..U
names ofthe
Flemish,
S.58fci ^r^*
""""than
.._ the
hedge-hop,
xiety, outsituation
more subject
to the
other. The
hop
drytobottom;
aa heiteren]
exposed
tosoilblight
therequires
south
ortothesouth-west,
butCiold.t
-orfjS.
naiiumd
ZLT
"inned
as
prevent
free
circulation
of
air.
The
be
well
pulverized
r*fou.ly
to
pT,n
*naile
^rV)rev,0i"ly
planting.
In
hop
districts,
the
ground
is
generally
trenched
either
with
the
plough
FlMix
or
"
'
f
PbnUng
is
generally
in
rows,
six
feet
apart,
and
the
same
distance
in
the
row.
*'**.
<ix
mode
of
piVnV,""*:
1,1
>P
(hitricts,
the
I
honitMci n. ,ri e
i anl*plana
enerj-* l''l> together
h*"l'o
in , ,-ular form, and at distance of hve or six leet
e mostsprings
healthy
the and
old stools
; eachother
should
iîsiS-s ?
in
ground
theofroot,
thea
_ laced
to theremain,
andthebyfirst
others
theySometimes
arc from
nursedthe
year inare
or and
cabbages
is aregenerally
taken
year.
noa poles
T7
me
second
year,
then
only
short
ones
of
five
or
six
feeL
The
third
year
the
uj M, I. , ,,lo.l1u11 bearittt, and then from four to six poles from fourteen to sixteen lect in length hop
are
poles is that of the Spanish chesnut, which ia much grown
3H 2
--
- --
- -
--
- --
- - - -- -
DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.
836
2075. MODECCA. Lam. MoDecca.

lobe-leaved
13910 lobta Jacq.
CLAss XXII.
Passiflorea. Sp. 1.
S. Leone 1812. C. r.m. Bot reg. 433
G
fl-D or 12 au"
-
H.E.X.A.N.D.R.I.A.
2076. XEROTES. R. Br. Xenotes.
long-leaved
13911 longifolia R.Br.
rigid
13912 rigida R. Br.
y: U_i or
it D or 30.
30
is
or 30
*
E:
2078. CHAMMEDOREA. W. Chamedorea.

slender
#D
13916 grcilis W.
Borassus.
2079. BORAS'SUS. W.
fan-leaved
13917 flabellifrmis JV
2080. MAURI/TIA. W.
2081. SMILAX. W.
13919 aspera W.
auriculta.
Rough Bindw.
ear-leaved
tali
13920 exclsa W.
: W.
13923 Sarsaparilla W.
Sp. 1.
W.G. E. Indies 1771. S. r.m Rox.co.1.*.71,72
Palmae. Sp. 1.
...
in D or 40
W.G Surinam 1816. S. r.m.
Smilaceae.
SMilax.
13921 zeylnica W
...
3.
N. Grena. 1821. S co
Jamaica 1820. S. r.m
Guinea 1730. S. r.m. Jac. amer. t. 172
W.G. Caraccas 1803. Skrim Jac.sch.2.t-247.8
Palmae.
* D or 30
Sp. 1.
Palmae.
...
1796. Dr.m.
G.w N. Holl. 1791. Dr.m. Bot. cab. 798
Palmae. Sp.
...
G.w
...
G.w
...
G.w
or 10
MAURitia.
wavy-spiked
13918 flexusa W.
13924 China Jy.

13925 rotundifolia py.
13926 laurifolia W.
...
Oily PALM.
2077. ELAIS. W.
13913 melanocccaGaertn. black-seeded

West Indian
Guinea
13915 guinensis W.
13922
Junceae. Sp. 224.

...
G.w N. Holl.
Y: U or 2
un
un
8 s
8 s
TL LJ un 12
Ceylon
IDun 10
un 6
square-stalked
medicinal
m 4
Chinese
Dm 6
un 6
round-leaved
un 5
Laurel-leaved IR
au.s
, ...
jn.jl
jl.au
...
jl.au
jl
Sp. 22-68.
wa's Europe 1648. Sks.p Schhandits

W.G. S. Europe 1648. Sks p Plukal. t. 110-f:
1739. Sks.p Buxb.cen.l. t. 27
W.G Syria
W.G. E. Indies 1778. Sk plRum.am.5 +16i

W.G. N. Amer. 1812. Sks.p Dend.brit. 109
W.G. N. Amer. 1664. Sks.p Dend brit. 111
1759. Sks.p Kaemamae.t.78:
W.G. China
W.G. N. Amer. 1760. Sks.p
W.G. N. Amer. 1739. Sks.p Cat. car. l. t. 15
-
in Kent as coppice wood for that purpose. . The after-culture of the hop consists in stirring the soil, and
the shoots to the poles, and sometimes tying them for that purpose with
h'
of earth over the root to prevent any more shoots from arising.
Hops are known to be ready for gathering, when the chaffy capsules acquire a brown color, and a firm con
keeping it free from weeds; in
withered rushes; in eradicating any superfluous shoots which may arise from the root, and in raising a small
sistence.
Each chaffy
or leafed calyx contains
one seed.
Before these are picked, the poles with the
attached stalks are pulled up, and placed horizontally on frames of wood, two or three poles at a time. The
hops are then picked off by women and children. After being carefully separated from the leaves and stalks,
they are dropped into a large cloth hung all round withinside the frame on tenter-hooks. When the cloth is
full, the hops are emptied into a large sack, which is carried home, and the hops laid on a kiln to be dried.
This is always done as soon as possible after they are picked, as they are apt to sustain considerable damage,
both in color and flavor, if allowed to remain long in sacks in the green state in which they are pulled. In
very warm weather, and when they are pulled in a moist state, they will often heat in five or six hours: for this
reason the kilns are kept constantly at work, both night and day, from the commencement to the conclusion of
the hop-picking season. The operation of drying hops is not materially different from that of drying malt, and
the kilns are of the same construction. The hops are spread on a hair-cloth, from eight to twelve inches deep,
according as the season is dry or wet, and the hops ripe or immature. When the ends of the hopstalks become
quite shrivelled and dry, they are taken off the kiln and laid on a boarded floor till they become quite cool,
when they are put into bags.
The bagging of hops is thus performed: in the floor of the room where hops are laid to cool, there is a round
hole or trap, equal in size to the mouth of a hop-bag. After tying a handful of hops in each of the lower
corners of a large bag, which serve afterwards for handles, the mouth of the bag is fixed securely to a strong
hoop, which is made to rest on the edges of the hole or trap; and the bag itself being then dropped through the
trap, the packer goes into it, when a person who attends for the purpose, puts in the hops in small quantities,
in order to give the packer an opportunity of packing and trampling them as hard as possible. When the bag
is filled, and the hops trampled in so hard as that it will hold no more, it is drawn up, unloosed from the hoop,
and the end sewed up, other two handles having been previously formed in the corners in the manner men
and finest colored hops are put into pockets or fine bagging, and the brown into
tioned above. The
coarse or heavy bagging. The former are chiefly used for brewing fine ales, and the latter by the porter
intended to be kept two or three years, they are put into bags of strong cloth, and
hops
are
But
when
brewers.
firmly pressed so as to exclude the air.

The stripping and stacking of the poles succeeds to the operation of picking. The shoots or bind being
stripped off, such poles as are not decayed are set up together in a conical pile of three or four hundred, the
is formed by three stout poles bound together a few feet from their tops, and their lower ends
:'hich
-:he '''' of no crop is so liable to variation
as that of the hop; in a good season an acre will produce 20
*******on none, or only 2 or 3 cwt. From 10 to 12cwt. in a season is considered a tolerable average
ORDER. V.
DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.
837
13910 Leaves entire 3-7-lobed without glands cordate at base
H.E.X.A.N.D.R.I.A.
15911 Stemless, Lvs. long lin. coriaceous straight toothed at end rough at edge, Panicles lanceolate contracted
13912 Scapes and spikes short, Lvs. distichous cartilaginous convex beneath truncate at end, Stem very short
13913 Stem ascending, Stalks spiny serrated, Anthers and fruits ovate acute
13914. Fronds pinnated, Leaflets sheathed, Stems unarmed
13915. Fronds pinnated, Stems toothed spiny diverging: upper teeth recurved
13916. Fronds pinnated 2 feet long: pinnae alternate oblong narrowed at base pointed at end
13917. Fronds palmate plaited cucullate, Stalks serrated
13918. Fronds flabelliform, Male spadix flexuose a foot long and more
13919. Stem prickly angular, Leaves hastate cordate lanceolate 7-9-nerved prickly toothed coriaceous
13920-Stem prickly angular, Leaves unarmed ovate slightly cordate about 7-nerved
13021 Stem prickly somewhat square, Leaves unarmed 3-5-nerved ovate-oblong cordate
1392 Stem prickly square, Leaves unarmed ovate acute 5-nerved
13923 Stem prickly nearly square, Leaves unarmed ovate-lanceolate cuspidate about 5-nerved glaucous beneath
130-24stem prickly rounded, Leaves roundish-cordate acute at each end 5-nerved
139-5 Stem prickly rounded, Leaves roundish-ovate acuminate slightly cordate 5-nerved
13926. Stem prickly rounded, Branches unarmed, Leaves ellipt. or elliptical-lanc. obtuse recurved acute 3-nerved
-
13020

crop.
The quality of hops is estimated by the abundance or scarcity of an unctuous clammy powder which
adheres to them, and by their bright yellow color.
The expences of forming a hop plantation are very great; but once in bearing, it will continue so for ten or
fifteen years before it requires to be renewed. The hop culture in England, like that of the culture of the vine
in France, is only calculated for cultivators of considerable capital, who can retain the produce from ears of
abundance to years of
It is calculated on an average, that the hop crop fails almost entirely every
fifth year, when the price will rise from two to thirty pounds per cwt. To those who can cultivate and preserve
the hop with a view to such a rise, few crops will be equally profitable.
The hop is peculiarly liable to diseases; when young it it devoured by fleas of different kinds; at a more
advanced stage it is attacked by the green fly, red spider, and otter moth, the larvae of which prey even upon its
roots. The honeydew often materially injures the hop crop; and the mould, the fireblast, and other blights
injure it at different times towards the latter periods of the growth of the plants.
...
The use of hop in brewing is to prevent the beer from becoming sour, and this is the grandpurpose for which
it is cultivated. But the young shoots both of the wild and improved hops are eaten early in thes ' As
asparagus, and were formerly brought to market for that purpose. The and leaves will dye wool yellow.
From the stalks a strong cloth is made in Sweden, the mode of preparing which is described by Linnaeus in his
Flora Suecica. A decoction of the roots is said to be as good a sudorific as Sarsaparilla; and the smell of the
is soporific. During the illness of George the third, in 1787, a pillow filled with hops was used instead
opiates.
75. Modecca, is an Indian word by which two or three species of this genus appear in the Hortus Mala
baricus, and has been adopted as a generic name by Lamarck. A curious plant resembling a bryony, of easy
culture and propagation.
2076 Xerotes. From ***, dry, on account of the aridity of the herbage and of the situations in which it
grows.
2077. Elais. The natives of Guinea express oil from the fruit of this, as the Greeks from their olives, *,
whence its name. This palm bears a fruit about the size of a large plum. The inhabitants of the West India
Islands draw an oil from it, by the same process used in extracting oil from olives. From the sap an inebriat
ing liquor is fermented, and the negroes weave the leaves into mats, on which they repose.
2078. Chamaedorea. Named, we presume, from zawa, dwarf, and 3-sta, a gift; but we are ignorant of the
sense in which the name has been applied.
2079. Borassus. This is one of the names which were applied to the spatha of the date; and was applied by
Linnaeus to the designation of this family of palms. The fruit of this palm is of the size and shape of a child's
head; a wine and a sugar are made from the sap of the trunk.
Mauritia. Named in honor of Prince Maurice of Nassau, the patron of Piso, for whom he obtained
enecessary aid towards publishing his Natural History of Brazil. A fine genus of palms.
-
2081. Smilar. From ruxa, a grater; the stems are rough with stiff prickles, S aspera has roots not unlike
those of the Sarsaparilla. They have the same
in an inferior degree; and maybe distinguished by
"#"
3.
"--
- - - - -
--------------
838
13927 tamnoides W.
13928 austrlis R. Br.
13929 cad(ica
13930 Bona nx W.
DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.
Tamus-leaved R A un 6 jn.jl
oblong-leaved a Dun 6
...
deciduous
ciliated
broad-leaved
herbaceous
un 6 jnj
W.G. N. Amer. 1739. Sks.p Cat. car. 1. t. 52

W.G. N. S. W. 1815. Sks.p
W.G. N. Amer. 1759. Sks.p
13934 glycyphylla B. P.
13935 p(\bera iy.
un
u_j un
A un
spear-leaved
IR
un
Botany Bay Team u_j un
downy
A.
un.
13936 Pseudo-china W.
BastardChinese] Jun 6 myjn G.w America 1739. C. p.] Slo.ja.l. t. 143.fl.
13931 latiflia B. P.
13932 herbcea py.
13933 lanceolta W.
6 jn.jl
8
...
4 jl
5 myjn
6
...
5
...
CLAss XXII.
W.G. N. Amer.
G.w N. Holl.
G
N. Amer.
G.w N. Amer.
G.w N. S. W.
Gw N. Amer.
1739.
1791.
1699.
1785.
1815.
1806.
Sks.p Pluk.al. t. 111.fl.

Sks.p
Sks.p Bot mag. 1920
Sks.p Cat. car. 2. t.84
Sks.p
Sk sp
13937 pedunculris W.
13938 gla(ca B. M.
long-peduncled R A un 6 my.jl G.w N. Amer. 1812. C. p.l

glaucous-leav'd R
un 2 my.jl G.w N. Amer. 1811. C. p.
13939 rubens Wats.
ink
-R
un 6 jl
G.w N. Amer. ... C. p.1
13940 longiflia W.
ong-leaved
ALD un 10 my.jl G.w Cayenne 1820. C. p.l
2.82. TA*MUS. W.
BLAck BRYoNY.
Smilaceae. Sp. 2-3.
13941 communis W.
common
_& A m 10 my...au G
England hed. R ''
13942 crtica W.
Cretan
E: A un 5 jl.au G
Candia
1739. R p,
2083. TESTUDINARIA. Burch. Elephant's Foot, on HortENTor's BREAD. Dioscoreae.
13943 elephantipes Burch, common
_k
Cu 8 jl.au
Y
C. G. H. 1774. R. p.1
2084. RAJA*NIA. W.
13944 cordta W.
RAJANiA.
Dioscorear.
G
Sp. 1-14.
Dioscoreae.
G
G
G
G
G
G
Sp. 12-42.
Tamus-leaved ALDA, un 6 jl
2085, DIOSCOREA. W. YAM.

five-leaved
Bot mag. 1846

Dend. brit. 108
Eng. bot-91
Sp. 1-2.
Bot mag. 1347
-
. Indies 1786. R. p.1 Plum.ic.t.155.f1

E. Indies
E. Indies
India
E. Indies
1768. R r:m Rhee mal.7. t.35

1803. R r.m Rhee.mal.7. t.37
1739. hR rim Rhee..mal.7. t.38
1692. R r.m Par. lond. 17
G
G.
G
Brazil
G
R
Peru
13955 villsa W.
:: O cul 10
...
prickly-stemm. ... [Z\] cul 10
...
wing-stalked : [A] cul 15
...
bulb-bearing
: [Z\] esc 12 jLau
common
* [Z\] clt 20 au
three-leaved
2%. Dun 8
...
Brazilian
* C. esc 8:
...
leathery
* D un 8
...
tallest
* CJun 20
...
narrow-leaved : D un 10
...
pubescent
* A un 3 au
N. Amer. 1752. R s-p Jac.ic. 3. t. G
quaternata Ph.
13956 oppositiflia W.
opposite-leaved & [Z\] un 6
E. Indies 1803. R sp Pet gaz. t.31.f6
13:45
pentaphylla W.
13946 aculeta W.
13947 alta W.
13948 bulbifera W.
13949 sativa JP.
13950 triphylla W.
13951 brasilinsis W.
13952 coricea W.
13953 altissima W.
W. Indies 1733. R. r.m Rhee.mal.8 t.31

Malabar 1820. R r.m Rumph. 5. t. 128
1823.
R. r. In
S. Amer. 1818. R. r.m
Martiniq. 1821. R r.m. Plum ic.117. [I

1821.
R rim
...
being larger, more porous, and much less compressed. S. Sarsaparilla (zarza, furze, Spanish) has long slendel
roots covered with a wrinkled brown bark, white within, and having a small woody heart. It is inodorous, and
has a mucilaginous very slightly bitter taste. Medicinally it is demulcent and diuretic. It was brought to
Europe about the year 1530, and introduced as a medicine of great efficacy in the cure of lues venerea; but it
fell into disrepute and was little used, till it was again brought into esteem by Dr. William Hunter and Sir
William Fordyce, about the middle of the last century; not, however, as a remedy fitted to cure syphilis,
but of much efficacy in rendering a mercurial course more certain, and after the use of mercury.
Experience,
however, has not verified the encomiums bestowed on it; and the extensive observations of Mr. Pearson
have fixed the degree of benefit which is to be expected from this root in syphilitic complaints. The conta
gious matter and the mineral specific may, he observes, jointly produce, in certain habits of body, a new series
of symptoms, which, strictly speaking, are not venereal, which cannot be cured by mercury, and which are
sometimes more to be dreaded than the simple and natural effects of the venereal virus. Some of the most
formidable of these appearances may be removed by sarsaparilla, the venereal virus still remaining in the
system; and when the force of the poison has been completely subdued by mercury, the same vegetable is also
capable of freeing the patient from what may be called the sequelae of a mercurial course. , Sarsanarilla is also
recommended in scrophula, elephantiasis, or cutaneous affections resembling it, and in chronic rheumatism;
but its efficacy is doubtful. (Thom. Lond Disp. 505.)
S. China has roots as long as a child's hand, twisted, full of knots, reddish on the outside, flesh-colored
in the heart, and destitute of smell. It is employed both as food and medicine in China, and to feed
hogs in the West Indies. None of the species are of much beauty or worth growing, but as objects of
curiosity.
2082. Tamus. This name was employed by Columella and others, for a plant resembling a vine, and bearing
fruit not unlike grapes; a description which does not apply badly to the modern plant. T. communis has very
large tuberous black coated masses attached to its roots. '' are so acrid, that the pulp has been formerly
used as a stimulating plaster. The young shoots, however, are so mild as to be good eating when dressed like
asparagus. ... The Moors eat them boiled with oil and salt. The flowers of the female plant are succeeded by
ovate smooth berries.
** Testudinaria. So called from the resemblance which the great rugged cracked root of this plant bears
* the shell of a tortoise (testudio. The rootstock is a large fleshy mass, covered with a thick bark cracked
'" direction. The Hottentots in time of scarcity make use of the fleshy inside of the root as a
* Rajania. Named in honor of our distinguished countryman John Ray, a distinguished naturalist,
ORDER VI.
DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.
889
13927 Stem prickly rounded, Leaves ovate oblong acute subpanduriform obsoletely cordate 5-nerved
13928 Stems prickly rounded, Leaves oblong acute unarmed 5-nerved smooth, Petioles with tendrils
13929 Stem prickly rounded, Leaves ovate mucronate 5-nerved
13920 Stem unarmed angular, Leaves cordate ovate acute ciliate prickly 7-nerved
13931 Stem unarmed angular, Leaves ovate 5-nerved smooth subcordate or obtuse at base, Petioles with tendrils
13932 Stem unarmed angular, Leaves ovate acuminate 7-nerved, Common pedunc. of umbel longer than leaf
13933 Stem unarmed rounded, Leaves unarmed lanceolate
13934 Stem unarmed rounded, Leaves obl.lanc. acute 3-nerved smooth glaucous beneath. Petioles with tendrils
13935 Stem unarmed rounded, Leaves oblong acute cordate about 5-nerved soft with down beneath
13936 Stem unarmed rounded, Leaves unarmed: cauline cordate; of the branches ovate-oblong 5-nerved
13:57 Stem unarm. round. Lvs. roundish ov. cord, acum.9-nerv. Peduncle. of fr.-bear umbel longer than leaves
13938 Stem prickly, Lvs. unarmed rounded ovate mucronulate about 7-nerv. glauc. beneath, Pedunc. about 2-fl.
13939 Stem angular prickly, Leaves ovate subcordate rather obtuse mucronate coriaceous 5-nerved denticulate
13940 Stem prickly square, Leaves unarmed hastate oblong obtuse mucronate about 7-nerved
13941 Leaves cordate undivided
13942 Leaves 3-lobed
13943 Leaves reniform entire
13944 Leaves ovate lanceolate cordate 7-nerved

13945 Leaves alternate digitate, Leaflets 5 oblong acuminate veiny, Stem aculeate bulbiferous
13946 Leaves alternate roundish cordate acuminate 7-nerved, Stem aculeate bulbiferous
13947 Leaves o
ite ovate cordate-sagittate cuspidate 7-nerved, Stem winged bulbiferous
13948 Leaves alternate cordate roundish ovate acuminate about 9-nerved, Stem smooth bulbiferous
[round
13949 Lvs. altern. cord. round ov. cuspid. about 9-nerv.: lobes of base close together, Caps. obov. Stem smootn
13950 Leaves alternate ternate, Leaflets obl. acuminate nerved, Stem prickly
13951 Leaves alternate cordate 3-lobed: middle lobe acuminate, Stem compressed round naked
13952 Leaves alternate cordate oblong acuminate coriaceous 7-nerved, Stem round smooth
13953 Leaves opposite cordate roundish ovate acute 7-nerved, Stem round smooth
13954 Leaves alternate cordate lanc. narrow 3-nerved longer than petiole, Stem smooth
13955 Leaves opposite and whorled cordate acuminate 9-nerved downy beneath, Stem round
13956 Leaves opposite ovate acuminate 7-nerved, Stem round smooth
1394.3
born in 1628, died in 1705, and author of many works of the highest reputation. His zoological arrangement
is still regarded with much respect. Twining plants resembling the Yam.
2085. Dioscorea. In memory of Pedacius
a Greek physician, born at Anazarba, in Cilicia. He
is generally believed to have lived under Nero, but this is very uncertain. Abulfarrage makes him to have
flourished under Ptolemaeus Physcon; but he is not generally credited. D. sativa, Iguame, Fr., and Inhame,
Portug, has large thick tubers, a foot, broad, and palmated like some Orchises. "The stalks are slender,
and with the leaves bear some resemblance to black bryony. The yam is largely cultivated for food in
Africa and the East and West Indies, especially in the latter for the negroes. The roots grow to a great
size, are mealy, and esteemed to be easy of digestion; they are palatable, and not inferior to any roots now in
use, either for delicacy of flavor or nutriment. They are eaten instead of bread, either roasted on the embers
or boiled; the flower is also made into bread and puddings. In Otaheite they make a dish, which they esteein
very delicious, from the roots of the yam, with the kernel of the cocoa-nut scraped, and the pulp of the Musa
The juice of yam-roots fresh is acrid, and excites an itching on the skin. There are many varie
ties of these roots, some spreading out, like the fingers (Rumph. t. 121.); others twisted like a serpent (Rumph.
or
t. 122); others again very small, scarcely weighing more than a pound, with a whitish ash-colored bark, whereas
the bark is commonly black. The flesh of the yam is white or purplish, and viscid, but becomes farinaceous
or mealy when dressed.
D. aculeata, by some considered only an improved variety of the sativa, is universally cultivated in the
East and West indies, in Africa, and in all the islands of the southern ocean within the torrid zone, and even
as far as New Zealand. The tubers are frequently three feet long, and weigh thirty pounds. All the edible
species and varieties are propagated in foreign countries like the common potatoe, but they arrive much
sooner at maturity. The buds of the roots are not apparent, but still a small piece of skin is left to each set;
for from this piece of bark alone the shoots proceed. Holes are made in rows two feet apart, and at eighteen
inches distant in the row; into those holes two or three sets are put, first covered with earth, and then with
a little haulm or rubbish to retain moisture. The only after-culture consists in hoeing up the weeds. They
are commonly planted in August, and are ripe about the November or December following. When dug up,
the greatest care is taken not to wound them, as that occasions them to sprout much earlier than they other.
wise would do. They should be rubbed over with ashes, and piled regularly on beds or hurdles raised above
the floor, that the air may come easily between them; or, if they be piled in heaps, some ashes should be
strewed between the layers. None of the species are worth cultivating as ornamental plants; but some of the
edible sorts have been raised in hotbeds in the Paris garden, and being transplanted early into a warm situation,
have produced tubers of a considerable size.
H
3
840
DICECMA HEX ANDRIA.
2086. MAB.A. J.
18957 buxifolia P. S.
MAnA.
Box-leaved
for 87. Po'PULUS. py.
Poplan.
Abele i'ree
13058 Alba W.
13959 canscens W.
13960 trpida W.
13951 tramula W.
Ebenaceae.
* D pr1: ...
Y
OCTANDRIA.
Amentaceae.
tm 40 mr.ap Ap
tm 40 mrap Ap
tm 30
...
Ap
tm 50 mr.ap Ap
tm 80 mr.ap Ap
tm 40 mr.ap Ap
tm 30 mr.ap Ap
tm 40 mrap Ap
Trembling Americ.
Aspen
13962 laevigta W.
1396.3 grae'ca W.
13964 nigra W.
13965 betuliflia Ph.
hudsonica Mich.
13966 dilatta W
13967 monilifera W.
smooth
Athenian
black
black American
Lombardy
*
Y
Canadian
P. grandidentata Mich.
13968 acladesca Lindl. black Italian
13969 angulta W.
Carolina
13970 balsamifera W.
Tacamahac
13971 macrophylla Lindl. Ontario
13972 cndicans W.
heart-leaved
various-leaved
CLAss XXII.
Sp. 1-5.
E. Indies 1810. S. s.p Rox.cor. 1. t. 45
.
Sp. 16.
Britain moi.w.
England wat.pl.
N. Amer. 1812.
Britain moiw.
N. Amner. 1769.
Archipel. 1779
Britain wat.pl.
N. Aimer. ...
Sk co
Sk co
C. co
Sk co
G co
C co.
C co
C co
Eng. bot. 1618

Eng. bot. 1619
Micarb3. t.8.f.1
Eng. bot. 1909
Mich. arb.S. t. 11
Duh.ar 184t 54
Eng bot. 1910
Mi.arb.3, t. 16.f.1
tm 70 mr.ap Ap
tm 70 my
Ap
Italy
Canada
1758. C co Arb.brit.2.t.221
1772. C co Dend.brit. 102
tm 70 my
...
1738
1692.
1820.
tm 70 ap
tm 70 ...
Ap
Ap
Ap
Ap
N. Amer.
Carolina
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
tin 50 mr
Ap
N. Amer. 1772. G co Cat car. 1. t.34
tm 80 mr
tm 70 ap.my Ap
C
C
C
C
co
co Mia:3p302 t 12
co Mic.ar.S. t. 13.f.1
co.
N Amer. 1765. G co
Mich. arb.3, t. 9
ENNEANDRIA.
2088, MERCURIA*LIS. W. MeRCURY.
13974 pernnis W.
perennial
w 1 ap.my G
Britain woods. D. s.l
13975 ambigua W.
doubtful
O w
I jl.au
G
Spain
1806. S co
13976 nnua W
annual
O w
1 jl.s
G
Britain
rub. S co
Eng. bot. 1872

Linfil.dec. Lt.8
Eng, bot. 539
* 13065
2085. Maba. The name given to the plant by the natives of Tonga-Tabu, according to Forster (Gen.61)
This shrub or small tree produces edible berries very well tasted. The wood is dark colored, remarkably
hard and durable, and where its size will admit, is employed for such uses as require the most durable, com
pact, and heavy timber.
. . .
28. Populus. In ancient times the public places of Rome were decorated with rows of this tree, whence
it came to be called arbor populi, as being a tree peculiarly appropriated to the people. But Bullet, asserts:
that the Poplar has obtained its name from the constant motion of the leaves, which are in a perpetual state of
agitation like the populace. All the species are rapid-growing soft-wooded timber trees, some of which attain
a very great size. P. alba is one of the most valuable of the British species. The leaves of the com
mon gray poplar are of a blackish-green above, but having a thick white cotton underneath; they are
about three inches long, on petioles a foot in length. The leaves of the Abele are about double thesize, and
divided into three, four, or five lobes. The leaves of the gray poplar are also larger more deeply lobed, and
the under-side of the leaves and young shoots are covered with a hoary down. The Abele is said to have
been introduced from Flanders, and the hoary poplar to have been originated in this country. The timber is
of great value for all sorts of wooden vessels, especially butchers' trays. It is of quick growth, soft, white,
and stringy, and little subject to swell or shrink. It makes beautiful floors and turners' ware. Some of the
finest Abeles in England are at Hartwell near Aylesbury.
tremula is commonly
called any
the soil
asp,orfrom
the German
which shoots
is the general
namespread
for allso
poplars."
a P.
rapid-growing
tree in almost
situation:
but theespe,
numerous
of the roots
near the
surface that they will not permit anything else to growthere. The wood is extremely light, white, smooth, soft,
and durable in the air. It may be used for the same purposes as that of the Abele. The bark is the favorite
food of beavers. On the leaves and leafstalks may sometimes be seen red glandular substances about the *
of a pea, which are the nests of Tipula juniperina. P. nigra has a naked lofty trunk covered with an ash-colored
bark, and a regular handsome head. It is a tree of quick growth, and on the banks of rivers and in moist
situations it grows up to a great height in a short time. The bark is light like cork, and is sometimes used
by fishermen to float their nets. The timber is light and soft, fit for the turner and pattenmaker, and excel.
lent for aflooring-boards.
boardsinto
areamuch
in taking
fireisthan
of resinous
trees;ofthey
smoke
long time beforeThese
they burst
flame:slower
or course
the wood
bad those
for fuel.
Many species
in
sects are supported by this and the other poplars. The red substance like berries upon the leastalks of this
species are occasioned by the Aphis Bursonia. The leaves and young shoots are gathered in Sweden and other
parts of Europe during the month of October and dried, to be given as fodder to the sheep in winter. The
practice is as old as the time of the Romans, who, as well as the modern Italians, planted this tree for their
vines to run on
in Kamchatka the inhabitants are sometimes reduced to the necessity of converting theinner
bark into bread. Scheifer made paper from the cotton down of the seeds. The buds both of this and the white
Pop'arsmell very pleasant early in the spring, and being pressed between the fingers yield a balsamic resinous
*tence, which, extracted by spirits of wine, smells like storax. A drachm of this tincture in broth is
*iministered in internal ulcers and excoriations.
The black Italian poplar, so much recommended by Pontey, and said by him to have been intro
Oxner VI.
DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.
941
13957 Leaves obovate entire, Flowers sessile, Calyxes hairy

OCTAND RIA.
13958 Lvs. roundish cord. lobed toothed glab. above downy and # white beneath, Fert catkins ov. Stigmas 4
13959 Leaves roundish angular-repand toothed hoary beneath, Catkins cylindrical lax
13960 Leaves roundish toothed with 2 glands at base acuminate smooth: younger silky
13961 Lvs. nearly orbicul, broadly tooth glab, on both sides, Petioles compressed, Stigmas 4 auricled at base
13962 Lvs. roundish ov. acum. subcord unequally serrat, smooth, Petioles compressed, Branches round smooth
13963 Lvs. round. ov. acute slightly cord. with equal close serratures smooth a little ciliat. Branches round smooth
13964 Leaves deltoid acute serrated glabrous on both sides, Fertile catkins cylindrical lax, Stigmas 4
13965 Leaves rhomboid acuminate toothed smooth, Younger branches hairy
13966 Leaves smooth on each side acuminate serrate deltoid, broader than long
13967 Lvs. subcord. smooth glandul. at base, Serrat. cartil. hooked hairy, Nerves spread. Branchl. slightly winged
towards end compound
13968 Lvs. subcord. smooth glandul. at base, Serrat cartil hooked hairy, Nerves spread. Branchl. winged simple
13969 Leaves cordate deltoid acuminate bluntly hook-toothed, Branches winged angular
13970 Leaves ovate acuminate with close serratures white and netted beneath, Buds resinous
13071 Leaves cordate ovate large somewhat entire pale beneath
13972 Lvs. cordate ovate acumin. bluntly and unequally serrated white beneath 3 nerved netted, Buds resinous
13973 Leaves cordate roundish-ovate blunt hook-toothed: younger downy beneath
ENNEANDRIA.
15974 Stem
simple, Leaves rough, Root creeping perennial
13.975 Stem herbaceous brachiate, Leaves ovate-oblong smooth ciliated, Fls, whorled: male and female mixed
13976 Stem branched, Branches opposite, Leaves glabrous, Root fibrous annual
15000
f
13974
duced from America, seems intermediate between P. nigra and dilatata; indeed, all the three sorts are by
some considered as but one species. P. dilatata differs from the common black poplar chiefly in its close
conical manner of growth, which resembles the cypress. The leaves are greater in breadth than length;
whereas in the black poplar the longitudinal diameter is the greatest. Though it generally attains a great
height, the increase of the trunk is by no means so rapid as in most of the other poplars. It cannot, there
fore, be highly recommended as a timber tree. In 1taly it is considered peculiarly adapted for packing-boxes:
nails do not split it; and if cases of this wood fall or are thrown carelessly on the ground, it gives way a little,
and returns to its former position without splitting, which oak and other heavy woods will not do. In Lom
bardy all the vessels in which the grapes are carried home in carts from the vineyards, are of poplar plank,
about two inches thick, and in them the grapes are squeezed. Such vessels last thirty or forty years; and by
their lightness are manageable, however large and long. A four-wheeled cart is in general covered with one
of them, and it contains about fifteen hundred weight of grapes, each hundred being a hundred pounds of
thirty ounces. The conic form of the Lombardy poplar, as a deciduous tree, is peculiar. Among evergreens
we find the same character in the cypress; and both trees, in many situations, have a good effect. The cypress
often, among the ruins of ancient (and the buildings of modern) Rome, breaks the regularity of a wall or a
liment; and the poplar has the effect among deciduous trees of the round-headed kind. One beauty the
talian poplar possesses which is almost peculiar to it; and that is the waving line it forms when agitated by
the wind. Most trees, in these circumstances, are partially agitated; one side is at rest while the other is in mo
tion; but the Italian poplar waves in one single sweep from the top to the bottom, like an ostrich-feather on a
lady's head. All the branches coincide in the motion, and the least blast makes an impression upon it when
other trees are at rest.
P. balsamifera is a moderate sized conical tree, a native both of Siberia and America. The buds of this
tree, from autumn to the leafing season, are covered with abundance of a glutinous yellow balsam, which
often collects into drops, and is pressed from the tree for medical use. This balsam is brought to Europe from
Canada in shells. It is smooth, of an even texture, a yellowish color, and a fragrant scent. In Siberia a
medicated wine is prepared from the buds, which is diuretic, and esteemed by the inhabitants serviceable in
the scurvy. The grouse and other birds of that family feeding on these buds during winter, acquire a
flavor which is much esteemed by epicures. P. candicans bears a general resemblance to the preceding
species; and, like it, the buds are covered with a resinous tenacious balsam. The other American species are
rapid-growing bulky timber-trees, well calculated for immediate effect and utility; but all the species being
short-lived when compared with oaks, elms, and other slower-growing hard-wooded trees, confer a temporary
premature character on landscape; for nothing can be great and lasting but what advances by degrees. Such
as do not grow freely from cuttings of the shoots, are most rapidly increased by cuttings of the roots;
at the largest plants are produced from layers.

. 2087. Mercurialis. Mercury is said to have discovered the virtues of this plant. Bhmer, indeed, in his Lex
icon, says, after Ambrosinus, that the name is a corruption of muliercularis, as being useful to women; but the
Greeks call it:
rea, which is the same as Mercurialis in its mythological sense. M. perennis is not eaten by any
quadruped, poisomous to men and sheep. The plant on being dried turns blue, and steeped in water it
842
DIOECIA ENNEANDRIA.
13977 elliptica W.
oval-leaved
1 my.jl G
Portugal
l jl.s
G
Spain
Hydrocharideae. Sp. 1.
* A cu
3.jn.jl
W
Britain
Sp. 1-7.
* D tim 40
...
Pa.Y. S. Amer.
13978 tomentsa W.
woolly
2089. HYDRO/CHARIS. W. Frog-bit.
13979 Mrsus-rnae W.
common
2090. TRIP/LARIS. JV. TRiPLARIs.

13980 americana W.
American
- un
un
CLAss XXII.
1640.
C co
C co
dit.
D co
1802.
Vent, cels. 12
Eng. bot-8-8
1824. C. r.m Aublet, t.347
DECANDRIA.
Coriarieae. Sp. 2-7.
6 my.au G
S. Europe 1629.
3 my...au G
N. Zeal. 1823.
2092. KIGGELARIA. W. KigGelAR1A.
13983 africana W.
African
* Ll or 10 my.jn W.G. C. G. H. 1683.
*2093. SCHINUS. W.
Schinus.
13984 Mlle Jy.
Peruvian
* L J or 12 jLau
G
Peru
1597.
2091. CORIA*RIA. W.
13981 myrtiflia W.
13982 sarmentsa Forst.
13985 dentta H. K.
Connaria.
Myrtle-leaved a
running
-3.
tooth-leaved
or
cu
a J or
6 my.jl G
13986 depndens H. K.
entire-leaved a
un 8 my.jl G
Amyris polygama W.
2004. GYMNOCLADUS. W. GYMNocladus.
Leguminosae.
13987 canadnsis W.
Canadian
+
or 20
...
W
2095. CARiCA. J.W.
PAPAw Thee.
Cucurbitaceae
13988 Papya W.
Common
D cul 20 jl
G
13989 cauliflra W.
stem-flowering * D or 20
...
G
13990 spinsa, W.
prickly
D or 20
...
W.G.
13991 microcrpa W.
small-fruited
20
...
W.G.
A monoica Desf.
monacious
or 20
...
W.G
E:
HYAENA Poison.
13993 globsa H. K.
Cape
2098. EU/CLEA. W.
13994 racemsa W.
13995 undulta W.
round-leaved
wave-leaved
* L J or
EUCLEA.
* u_j or
a u_J or
......
Lam. ill. t.821
L. r.m. Mill.ic.2 t 246
R. s.l
Mich.ame.2 t 51
S.
S.
S.
S.
Bot reg. 459

Jac.schoe.S.t.311
Aublet, t.346
Ja.sch.3.t.309,10
r.m.
r.m
r.m
r.m.
1818. S. r.m.
dit.
Eng. bot. 379
. 1.
8 aps
W.G.
..................
5 n.d
W.
5
...
W
C sl
1790. C p.1 Cav.ic. 3. t. 239
Sp. 1.
Canada 1748.
Sp. 46.
India
1690.
Caraccas 1806.
Guiana 1821.
Caraccas 1806.
IDODECANDRIL1.
Hydrocharideae. Sp. 1.
el 2 jn.jl
W.
England
2097. HYAENAN'CHE. H. K.
Dend brit. Its

Bot mag. 2470
Owhyhee 1795. L. r.m. Bot rep. 620

Chili
2096 STRATIOTES. W. WATER Soldier.

Aloe-like
* A
13992 aloides W.
L. co
L. co
C. G. H. 1783.
Sp. 2-5.
Lam cinc.52t10
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
Jac.frag.3t.1.f.5
1772.
1794.
History, Use, Propagation, Cuture,
affords a fine deep blue color, destructible, however, both by acids and alkalies. It has been observed that the
male and female plants are seldom found intermixed, each sort usually growing in large patches; whence it is
probable that this plant, which increases much by the root, rarely produces perfect seeds.
formerly accounted medicinal; its seeds taste like those of hemp.
... annua was
2089. Hydrocharis. From v3.ne, water, and :a::, grace. This little plant is one of the prettiest ornaments
of still waters. This plant increases by runners, which shoot out to a great length, and at the joints drop down
long roots, which Benetrate deep into the mud. The joints are furnished with pendulous buds, supported on
long footstalks. The buds consist of two stipulaceous scales folded together, within which are curiously
enveloped the embryo leaves of the future plant.
2090 Triplaris. All the parts of the fructification are in threes or triple. T. americana is a tree forty feet
high, with
a dense
pyramidal
head.
are oblong,
entire,
spanwhich
long. are
Theoften
branches
are
often
hollow,
and are
then filled
withThe
an leaves
innumerable
quantity
of smooth,
little redaants,
showered
''
upon any incautious traveller who may stand under the shade of the tree, and whom they bite severely.
(Bredemeyer.)
2091. #ia. A tanner's plant; from corium, a hide. Coriaria myrtifolia has handsome leaves, but very
little beauty in the flowers. It is considerably astringent, and is used not only in tanning leather, but in dying
black colors.
It produces abundance of suckers.
2092. Kiggelaria. Named after Francis Kiggelar, an obscure botanist, who lived at the end of the seven
teenth century. An uninteresting plant. Ripened cuttings strike in heat under a hand-glass.
2093. Schinus. This was the Greek name of the Pistacia Lentiscus. It is now applied to an American genus
-
which resembles Pistacia in sensible properties. The word molte, applied to one species, does not allude to any
softness in the plant which bears the name, but is a slight alteration of the Peruvian word mulli. Fragrant
: with beautiful foliage, easily cultivated in a cold conservatory or out of doors in a warm sheltered
place.
2094. Gymnocladus. From 2wuxor, naked, and xxx30s, a shoot, on account of the naked appearance of its
*nge rigid shoots during the winter. This tree or shrub has pinnate leaves nearly a foot and a half long;
both leaves and stalks are armed with thorns. The stalks at first grow erect, but afterwards twine about the
neighbouring trees and shrubs. It is best propagatedby cuttings of the roots.
_--------"
ORDER VIII.
DIOECIA ENNEANDRIA.
843
1377 Stem suffruticose brachiate, Leaves elliptical acute at each end smooth glandular serrated
13978 Stem suffruticose, Leaves oblong downy with serratures on each side at the end
13980 Racemes terminal and axillary brachiate
DECA.N.D.R.I.A.
13981 Leaves ovate-lanceolate 3-nerved stalked
13982 Procumbent diffuse, Leaves cordate-ovate acuminate entire 5-nerved stalked, Racemes nodding
13983 Leaves oblong unequally serrated
13984 Leaves pinnated, Leaflets serrated: the odd one very long, Petioles equal
13985 Leaves simple toothed
13986 Leaves simple entire and trifid, Flowers generally octandrous
13987 Leaves bipinnate very large deciduous, Flowers equal dioecious

13988 Leaves palmate 7-lobed: middle lobe sinuated; segments oblong acute, Male flowers corymbose
13989 Leaves palmate 5-lobed: middle lobe sinuated; segments lanc. acum. Male fls. from excrescences of trunk
13990 Leaves digitate, Leaflets 7 oblong acuminate entire, Trunk spiny
13991 Leaves 3 or 5-lobed: middle lobe 3-lobed, Male flowers corymbose
A Lower leaves entire: cauline 3-lobed; upper 5-lobed, Flowers monoecious subracemose erect
DODECANDRIA.
13992 Leaves linear anceolate keeled prickly toothed
13993 Branches diffuse cinereous scarred, Leaves opposite 3 or 4-nate oblong retuse coriaceous
13994 Leaves oblong or obovate flat
13995 Leaves obovate wavy
2095. Carica. According to Linnaeus, because a native of Caria; but as the plant has no relation to that
country, it would be better to adopt, with Jussieu, the specific name Papaya for the genus. C. Papaya rises with
a thick soft herbaceous stem to the height of eighteen or twenty feet, naked till within two feet of the top, and
having marks of the fallen leaves great part of its length. The leaves have long footstalks, are very large, and
divided into many lobes. The whole plant abounds with a milky acrid juice, which is esteemed good for the
ringworm. The male flowers, which are in loose clusters on long peduncles, are of a pure white, and have an
agreeable odor. Sometimes these are succeeded by a small fruit about the size of a pear, which has occasioned
some to suppose the male plant a distinct species. The flowers of the female have short peduncles; they are
large and bell-shaped, composed of six yellow petals. . When these drop off the germ swells to a large fleshy
fruit the size of a small melon. When ripe it is eaten by the inhabitants of the Caribbee Islands, but its flavor
is very indifferent. The most common use of them is when they are about half grown, to soak them in salt
water, to get out the milky juice, and pickle them as mangoes, for which they are considered a good substitute.
The plant generally is said to have the property of intenerating animal fibre by suspension under its leaves or
branches; but this quality wants confirmation. In our stoves the plants grow freely in loamy soil, and are in
creased by large cuttings with their leaves on in a moist heat.
2096. Stratiotes. From *karor, a camp; in English, water-soldier; both names alluding to the military
appearance of the plant, with its long sword-like leaves, and flowers which may be liked to plumes of white
feathers. An aquatic plant, remaining the greatest part of the year immersed in water, but rising to flower.
with such rapidity as to become a troublesome weed in artificial pieces of water in which it is
plant
2097. Hyaenanche. From hyaena, and axxx, pain; because the fruit is used at the Cape of Good Hope to
ison hyaenas. A small tree, six or seven feet high, also called Toxicodendron capense. The flowers grow
in axillary branched yellowish panicles, and are succeeded by smooth nuts, which, being pounded, are used to
poison the carcases of lambs, by which the hyaenas are
destroyed
2098. Euclea. From suxaua, glory or beauty; in allusion to the permanent beauty of the neat evergreen
foliage of the plants. Shrubs or small trees, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Of one species the berries
are brought to the market of
Town for sale, and is the only kind of native fruit, except that of Cissus
lpened cuttings root in sand under a glass.
capensis, which is there eaten.
-
: :*
c'
- - - -
--- - - -
844
- -
DIOECIA DODECANDRIA.
CLAss XXII.
Resedaceae. Sp. 1-2.

Hemp-like
sy A or 4 j'.s
Y
Sandia
1640. D co Alp exot. t. 8
2100. MENISPER"MUM. d. Moon Seed.
Menispermeae. Sp. 36.
13997 canadnse W.
Canadian
-4
or 10 jn.jl
G.V. N. Amer. 1691. R. sp. Bot mag. 1910
19998 virginicum W.
Virginian
-+
or 20 jn.jl
G.Y. N. Amer. 1732. R sp Dilelt-178.12.19
2090. DATISCA. W.
13996 cannabina W.
DATisca.
13999 smilacinum Dec, Smilax-leaved : L' or 10

Cissampelos smilacina W.
2101. COCCULUS. Dec. Cocculus,
14000 Plukentii Dec.
officinal
14001 carolinus W.
Carolina
Wendlandiap:":
14002 orbicultus Dec.

14003 villsus Dec.
A hirsutus Dec.
$ D or 10
$-
or
G.Y Carolina 1776. R Lp Jac.ic. 3. t. Gs
# 446.
G.Y.
E. Indies 1790. R Lp Plman. t.345.f3
G.Y.
N. Amer. 1810.
Flacourtia.
G.Y. E. Indies 1790. R i.p. Plukal. t.384-f6

G.Y. E. Indies 1800. R. l.p Plu.am. t.384 f5
G.Y. E. Indies 1800. R Lp Plu.am. t.384 f.7
ICOSAND RIA.
Tiliaceae. Sp. 47.
shining-leaved a D. fr. 12 jn.jl
Madagasc.1775. C. p.
yellow-flower'd * [I] fr15

...
W
Guinea 1780.
14006 cataphrcta W.
many-spined * D frt
...
W.
E. Indies 1804.
14007 spida W.
esculent
* [I] fr10
...
W.
E. Indies 1800.
2103 PEU/MUS. Pers.
PEUMUs.
1.
14008 fragrans Pers.
fragrant
* D ft 30
...
Chili
1824.
2104, GELONIUM. Rorb GeloNiuM.
---
oval-leaved
R. s.p
-
...
...
...
14005 flavscens W.
14009 bifrium Rorb.
...
4 jn.jl
round-leaved $ D or 6
# Ijor 6
Hairy
3. Ijor 6
villous
2102. FLACOURTI.A. iv.
14004 Ramntchi W.
...
Menispermeae.
at Dun 6 jn.au
Ap
C. p.l
C. p.l
C p1
L'He stir.59.t:30
Roxb. cor-1.t-69
C. p.1 Feuille, 3. t. 6
E. Indies 1793. C. p.l
2105. ROTTLERA. Roxb. RottleRA.

Euphorbiacea. Sp. 1.
14010 tinctria Roxb.
dyer's
* D un 15
... Ap E. Indies 1810. C p.l
Roxb.cor.2t168
POLYANDRIA.
2106. CLIFFOR/TIA. W. Cliffortia.
14011 cuneata W.
wedge-leaved it u_j or
14012 ilicifolia Jy.
Ilex-leaved
* L J or
14013 tridentta W.
three-toothed * L or
14014 rusciflia Jy.
14015 cinrea W.
14016 pulchlla W.
14017 crenta W.
14018 ericaeflia W.
Rosaceae. Sp. 11-24.

3 ap
G.w C. G. H.
3 my.s G
C. G. H.
3 my.s G.w C. G. H.
1787. C. p.1 ...

1714. C. p.1 Dill elt.t-31.f35
..... C. p.l
-
Ruscus-leaved *U or
3 jnji
G.w C. G. H. 1752. C. p.
* - or
* L or
notched-leaved * U or
Heath-leaved * u_i or
4 jn.jl
13 ap.my
3 ji.au
3 jls
G.w
G.w
G.w
G.w
cincreous
beautiful
C. G.
C. G.
C. G.
C. G.
H.
H.
H.
H.
1800.
1795.
1791.
1799.
C.
C.
C
C.
L'hort clifft S1
p.l
p.1
pl
p.1
14002
2099. Datisca. A word the meaning of which is unknown. The plant is of nobeauty, and of the easiest culture
2100. Menispermum. From www.z, the moon, and orrieux, seed; on account of the crescent-like form of
the fruit. All the species are of the easiest propagation and culture.
The M. palmatum produces the famous Colombo root, which is so remarkable for the intenseness of its bitter
taste, and valuable on this account in dyspepsia, diarrhoea, dysentery, and as a wash for putrid sores.
2101, Cocculus. This word is derived from coccus, the name of the well-known dyers' insect, and has been
applied to this genus on account of the resemblance which has been found to exist between that insect and
the scarlet berries of the plant. A genus with the habit of Menispermum.
Cocculus, Plukenetii produces berries and bunches like grapes, but smaller; first white, then red, and
finally blackish purple. In the East Indies they are made up into a paste, and used to intoxicate fish, birds,
and different sorts of vermin.
2102. Flacourtia. Named in honor of Etienne de Flacourt, a director of the French East India Company,
and the commander of an expedition to Madagascar in 1648; of which he afterwards wrote an account, con
taining considerable details upon the botany of the country. L'Heritier dedicated to him the first species of
the genus, which was found by him in Madagascar, where it is called Ramontchi. It is a thorny shrub or tree
with leaves and fruit resembling those of the plum. The fruit is green when young, of a beautiful red
when ripe, and finally of a dark violet color: the skin is verythin, and the flesh transparent red, of the same
consistence with our common plums: in the middle are a dozen or fourteen small kernels, the size of those in
the apple, and nearly of the same shape; they are hitterish like our apricot kernels, and covered with a tender
shell. The natives eat the fruit; it is sweet, but leaves a slight sharpness in the mouth. An island on the
co'st of Madagascar is covered with these trees; and because they resemble the European plum-tree, the
*ilors
have named the island Isle aur Prunes, or Pium-tree Island. All the species grow freely in a mixture
of loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand, plunged and covered.
2103. Peumus. The Chilian name of this plant is Peugno. It is the Ruizia of the Flora Peruviana, and
tree among the woods upon the sandy shores of Chili; it is valuable for its wood, which is
:"
ORDER X.
DIOECIA DODECANDRIA.
845
13996 Stem smooth

13997 Leaves peltate cordate roundish angular
13998 Leaves peltate cordate lobed
13999 Leaves peltate smoothish cordate-roundish bluntly angular glaucous beneath, Racemes simple
-
14000 Leaves ovate subcordate at base bluntly truncate at end with a little point, Fem. racemes axillary simp
14001 Leaves cordate villous beneath
14002 Leaves orbicular subcordate obtuse 5-7-nerved mucronulate ash-colored beneath, Peduncles very large
14003 Leaves ovate or lanceolate 3-5-nerved: younger villous; old ones downy, Branchletsvili Pedicels few.fl.
ICOSANDRIA.
14004
14005
14006
14007
Leaves roundish ovate acute crenate

Leaves oblong obtuse serrated narrowed at base
Leaves ovate oblong acuminate serrated
Leaves elliptical bluntish repand serrated obtuse at base
14008 Leaves ovate oblong with pellucid dots, Racemes short pellucid
14009 Leaves elliptical sharp-pointed
14010 Leaves alternate oblong elliptical acute at each end
POLYANDRIA.
14011
14012
14013
14014
14015
14016
14017
Leaves alternate cuneiform truncate 5-toothed at end streaked with veins

Leaves altern roundish ellipt, amplexicaul. from the middle to end mucronate toothed streaked with veins
Leaves alternate oblong cuneiform entire and 3-toothed nerved downy beneath
Leaves alternate lanceolate smooth nerved terminated by a spine: floral 3-toothed, Branches downy
Leaves connate ovate 3-cornered hoary
Leaves opposite orbicular entire appressed many-nerved
Leaves opposite or ternate orbicular appressed toothletted 7-nerved
14018 Leaves fascicled rounded furrowed smooth

14004
2104. Getonium. So named by Roxburgh; but it is not known with what meaning East Indian trees, with
alternate leaves, the tubular stipular of a Ficus, and axillary flowers
2105, Rottiera. Named by Roxburgh, in honor of the Rev. Dr. Rottler, an East Indian botanist of reputa
tion, who resided many years at Tranquebar in the character of a Danish missionary. Rottlera tinctoria is a
native of the inland mountainous parts of the Circars of Hindostan, flowering in the cold season. Dr. Rox
burgh never found it any where else. This is a middle-sized, erect, branchingtree. Leaves alternate, stalked,
elliptic, oblong, acute, entire, from four to eight inches in length, three-ribbed, and veiny; nearly smooth
above; downy beneath, furnished at their base with two brown glands. Footstalks round, downy, from one to
three inches long. Flowers small, inclusters about the
of the branches, axillary, and terminal; the latter
branched. Capsules the size of a small cherry, clothed with abundance of deep red granular powder, easily
rubbed off. This is a valuable article of commerce, being much esteemed, especially among the Moors,
for dyeing silk, of a deep, bright, very beautiful and durable, full orange or flower color, when the capsules
are ripe, in February or March, they are gathered, and the powder carefully brushed off. It is preserved
without any further process and is sold to the merchants trading to Hydrabad and other inland parts. This
substance is but little acted upon by water, except with the admixture of alkaline salts, when it gives out
a very deep blood-red color. To spirits it communicates a rich, deep, reddish flame color; but in neither-in
stance does it dissolve, the grains remaining entire, like sand. The inhabitants know this powder by the name
of Wassenta-ganda, and use it in the following manner:-To four parts of Wassunta-gunda are added one of
alum, and two of salt of soda, native barilla. These are rubbed well together, with a portion of expressed oil
of Sesamum, so small as hardly to be perceived. When well mixed, the whole is put into boiling water, in
uantity proportioned to the silk which is to be dyed, and kept boiling smartly, more or less time, according to
the shade required. The silk is turned frequently, to render the color uniform
2106 Cliffortia. Named in honor of George Cliffort, a Dutch gentleman; a great lover of plants, and one
of the earliest of Linnaeus's patrons. He had a superb at Hartcamp, of which Linnaeus published the
catalogue in one volume folio, in 1737. Shrubs of little beauty, except C. pulchella, which is exceedingly
retty; they are easily cultivated in a good greenhouse.
846
DIOECIA POLY ANDRIA.
14019 obcordta W.
14020 trifolita W.
14021 sarmentsa W.
2107. CY/CAS. W.
14022 circinlis W.
14023 revolta W.
2108. ZA'MIA. W.
14024 pungens W.
14025 cycadiflia W.
heart-leaved
three-leaved
twiggy
a u-J or 3 jn.au G.w C. G. H.

* L or 10 ap.jl
G.w C. G. H.
* L or 4 jn.au W
C. G. H.
CYCAs.
Cycadeae. Sp. 2-4.
broad-leaved
D cu 3
...
Ap
E. Indies
narrow-leaved
CD cu 3 jl.au
Ap China
ZAMIA.
needle
Cycas-leaved
Y Ll cu
to u_J cu
14026 angustifolia Jac.
narrow-leaved
14027 mdia Jac.

14028 dbilis W.
intermediate
long-leaved
14029 integriflia W.
dwarf
least
14030
B. M.
I4031 furfurcea W.
14032 spirlis W.
broad-leaved
spiral
C cu
CD cu
C cu
D cu
Jcu
1790. C pl
1752. C. p.1 Plukal. t.319.f4
1793. C. p.1
1700. Skr.m Rh.mal.3.t 1321
1737. Skr.m Lin. trans.6 t 29
Cycadeae. Sp. 15.

...
Ap C. G. H. 1775.
...
Ap C. G. H. 1775.
jl.au
Ap Bahama I. ...
jl.au
Ap W. Indies ...
jl.au
Ap W. Indies 1777.
jl.au
Ap W. Indies 1768.
my
Ap W. Indies ...
3 jl.au
Ap W. Indies 1691.
3 jl.au
Ap N. S. W. 1796.
Sk lp Till pis.129, t-45

Sk lp Jafrag-1.t:25,2h
Sk p.l.Jac.ic. 3. t. 635
Skp.l Bot. mag. 1838
Sk p. Bot. cab. 155
Sk p.l Bot. mag. 1851
Sk p.l Bot. mag 1741
Skip. Bot mag. 1969
Skp..]
ray
y: U_i cu 3
...
Ap
C. G. H. 1800. Skpl Jac.fr.27.t.27,23
ycas-like
y: UJ cu
y: Ucu
3
13
...
...
Ap
Ap
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
y: Ucu 3,
y: u. I cu 7
three-toothed # U- cu 2
...
...
...
Ap
Ap
Ap
C. G. H. 1812. Sk p. Jac. frag. t.97.3

C. G. H. 1818. Skip. Jac. fragm. t. 29
C. G. H. 1814. Sk pl
14033 h6rrida W.
14034
W.
Cycdis
14035 pamila B. M.
14036 lanuginsa W.
14037 longifolia W.
14038 tridentata W.
a
ig
"2
ift
y:
y:
Cul
Cu
CLAss XXII.
pygmy
woolly
long-leaved
1775. Skip. Th.actups.g. t.3

1812. Skp.l Bot mag. 2006
MONADELPHIA.
2109 LATANIA. J.
14039 rubra W.
14040 borbnica W.
Palmae. Sp. 2.
Bourbon Palm.
red
*
D or 15
ID or 20
Common
2110. LEPTOCAR'PUS, R.Br. Leptocarpus.

14041 tnax R. Br.
tough
* L Jun
Schaendum tnar Lab.
2111. RUS/CUS. W.
Butcher's Bhoom.
14042 aculetus W.
A lrus L. T.
1404.3 Hypophyllum W
14044 Hypoglssum W.
14045 andrgynus W.
rickly
*.
or
oose?
*.
or
broad-leaved nor
double-leaved reor
climbing
a u_j or
14046 racemsus W. Alexandrian Laurelrl.
or
t"2112. ARAUCA'RIA. J.
14047 imbricta W.
$14048 exclsa H. K.
...
...
G.w Mauritius 1788. S co Jac. frag. 13.ts

G.w Bourbon 1816. S co Jac.frag. t11 ti
Restiaceae. Sp. 17.
2
1
1
1
1
...
Ap
N. Hol. 1823. D co Lab.noholt.29
Asphodelcae. Sp. 5-7.

jn.d
G
ja.jn
G
Portugal
myjn G
Italy
ap.my G
Italy
#:
thick. Sk co
.... Sk co
1640. Sk co
1596. Sk co
Eng. bot. 560

Bot. mag. 2049
Sch. han.3, t.340
3 ap.my G.w Canaries 1713. Rp.1 Bot. mag. 1898

4 jn
G.Y
Portugal 1713. Sk co
Dend brit. 145
ARAUcARIA.
Coniferae. Sp. 2-3.

Sir J. Bankss
u_j tim 150 ...
Ap Chili
1796. C p.1 Lam, ill. t.328
Norfolk Island is u_j tim 100 ...
Ap Norfolk I. 1793. C p.l Lampin.t:39,40.
2107. Cycas. A name employed by the ancients to designate a little palm which grew in Ethiopia. The
modern plant is analogous to it. This genus, which seems intermediate between palms and ferns, produces the
nutritive granulated powdercalled sago, from sagu, the name of a sort of bread made from the pith of the
trunk in Tonquin. It is cultivated in China and Japan, and the fruit is eaten in the latter country. The tree,
however, is chiefly valued for the pith of its trunk, which is full of white pith like that of the elder. The
tree being cut down, this pith is beaten with a wooden pestle in a great mortar or trough; it is then strained,
and the sediment, without farther preparation, constitutes sago. The native Indians live wholly upon it for three
or four months in the year. That which is transported is dryed and granulated.
In our stoves plants re
quire the culture common to all the palm tribe; a rich loamy soil, plenty of pot-room, and a strong moistheat.
2108. Zamia. From nux, loss or damage. Pliny applied the name to the pine-cones of the fir, which, when
#ffered to decay upon the tree, injured the succeeding crop.
The modern genus bears heads of fowers very
1ke pine cones.
2109. Latania. The name of this plant in the Isle of Bourbon is Latanier. L. borbonica is a middle-sized
with plaited fan-like fronds, which from the elongation of the axis and terminal lobe, seems as if pinnate.
When young their middle nerve is downy; it afterwards becomes naked. The stalks of the leaves are spiny.
The other species, L. rubra, is a much smaller plant, and is remarkable for its red livid leaves.
''
2110. Leptocarpus. From Atares, smooth, and za: rer, fruit; with reference to the polished surface of the
seeds. Rushy plants allied to Restio, and all natives of New Holland and the south seas.
2111. uscits. Anciently bruscus, and derived, it is said, from beus, box, and kelem, holly, in Celtic; box
''
The French at this day call one species buis-pineur and petit-hour. R. aculeatus has thick white
** which strike deep into the ground, and send out fibres like those of asparagus. The stem is
the ; tough, stiff, and dark green; having many stiff sharp prickly pointed leaves. From the middle of
of a '' out a singl: flower, on a very short pedicel: when it first appears it is the size and shape
Pin's head; when expanded, co
of three outer calyxed leaves, and three inner ones con
ORDER XII.
DIOECIA POLY ANDRIA.
847
14019 Leaves ternate veinless smooth roundish

: the middle one smaller obcordate
14020 Leaves ternate fascicled veiny hairy: lateral lanceolate entire; middle one obovate 3-toothed
14021 Leaves ternate linear villous
14022 Fronds pinnated, Leaflets lanceloate linear acute 1-nerved flat

14023 Fronds pinnated, Leaflets linear mucronate 1-nerved revolute at edge
unarmed
sa'
14024. Fronds pinnat. Leafl. subul, spread straight rigid mucron.: outer margin of base rounded,
14025 Fronds pinnated, Leaflets linear mucronate distichous: lower opposite, Stalk #-round channelled downy
14026 Fronds pinnated, Leaflets linear entire with a callous end twice emarginate obtuse, Stalk 1-round
14027 Fronds pinnated, Leaflets linear lanc. blunt obsoletely serrulate at end and flat, Stalk 3-cornered smooth
14028 Fronds pinnated, Leaflets lanc. acute pointless serrated at end, Stalk 3-cornered smooth
14029 Fronds pinnat. Leafl. lanc. rounded blunt narrow at base serrul on outside at end, Stalk smooth nearly sq.
14030 Very smooth, Leaflets of 16 pairs ovate oblique imbr. serr. at end, Stem round, Ament ovate nodding
14031 Frondspinnated, Leafl lanc. ac pointless serrat. from middle to end chaffy ben. Stalk roundish spiny below
14032 Fronds pinnated, Leaflets in 30-40 pairs falciform outwards with 3 or 4 prickly teeth at the end [smooth
1403.3 Fronds pinnat. Leafl. frost glauc lanc. ac, point with spiny teeth in midd on outside, Stalk sq. and trunk
14034 Leaflets oblique linear-lanceolate subulate hairy curved with 1 or 3 spines at the end and none on stalk
14035 Leaflets linear entire obtuse of 20 pairs, Stem round unarmed scurfy at base
[wooll
14036. Leafl. oblique lanc. acute mucron. in midd. on outside with 2 spiny teeth smooth, Stalk squ, smooth,
14037"Leaflets oblique lanceolate distichous acute pointless entire, Stalk smooth bluntly 4-cornered
14038 Leaflets oblique linear somewhat sulcate 3-toothed at end smooth, Stalk round channelled
MONADELPHIA.
14039 Fronds plaited flabelliform, Leaflets spiny serrulate, Stalk unarmed
14040 Fronds plaited flabelliform elongated in the middle, Leaflets smooth at edge, Stalk spiny
14041 Spike divided, Catkins oblong somewhat squarrose. Scales cartilaginous acuminate, Culm simple
14042
g
14043
14044
14045
14046
Leaves mucronate pungent flower-bearing on their upper side and naked

Leaves elliptical acute at each end, Branches weak
Leaves bearing flowers on their underside naked
Leaves bearing flowers on their upper side under a leaflet
Leaves bearing flowers at their edge
Racemeterminal hermaphrodite
14047 Leaves about 8 imbricated ovate-lanceolate mucronate perennial

14048 Old leaves closely imbricated inflexed pointless
and Miscellaneous Particuars.
sidered as petals., Mr. Woodward remarks, that the flower does not properly grow out of the leaf, but on a
pedicel from the bosom of the leaf, which is immersed beneath the outer coat, whence it may with ease be
dissected... The female flowers are succeeded by red berries, almost as large as some cherries; they are sweet
tasted, with two large orange-colored seeds in each. The green shoots were formerly used by butchers for
sweeping their blocks, whence the common English name of the plant.
It is still made into besoms in italy.
The tender growths, soon after they have sprung up from the root in spring, have been gathered and eaten by
the poor like those of asparagus; and the branches, with the ripe fruit on them, were formerly stuck up in
sand, with the stalks of Peony and Iris, displaying their capsules of ripe seeds; the three together made a sort
of winter nosegay for rooms. In landscape gardening the plant is valuable as an evergreen, which will grow
under the shade and
Vaccinium vitis idaea.
"##hypophyllum
other trees. It harmonizes well with Daphne Laureola, and Ulex nana, and
has the flowers on the under side of the leaves, which are succeeded
by small red berries about the size of those of Juniper. R. racemosus is an elegant evergreen shrub, by some
supposed to be the plant with which the ancients crowned their victors; but the more general opinion is in
favor of Laurus nobilis. All the species are readily increased by suckers from the root.
2112 Araucaria. The inhabitants of Chili call this noble ornament of their forests araucanos. A. excelsa,
the Norfolk Island pine, is a most superb plant, growing to an enormous size, and never losing the bright im:
Perishable foliage with which it is covered, as with a coat of mail. This genus, Sweet observes, * may be termed
the handsomest genus of plants with which we are acquainted. A. imbricata, in particular, is certainly one of the
grandest plants known. It will thrive well in the open air, with the protection of a mat or two in very severe
Weather, and when got pretty large, will, no doubt, be perfectly hardy. A. excelsa, or Norfolk Island pine, is
also a beautiful tree, but will not do without the protection :'kou: An equal mixture of sandy loam
: : '' ' well; : # be rooted, though with difficulty, taken off at a joint in
"pened
wood, and
planted in
a pot
of p.
sand,
put under a hand-glass,
but
not plunged
in
(Bot.
Cult.
136.)which must be p
-glass, in the lpropagati
ting house,
--
- - --
"E
-
DIOECIA MONADELPHIA.
S48
2113, JUNI/PERUS. W. Juniper.

Spanish
*
or 10
Bermudas Cedar * Altm 20
14051 chinnsis W.
Chinese
* AI or 10
14052 exclsa W.
tall
*
tm 20
14053 Sabina Jy.
Common Savin &
or 4
A tamariscifolia
Tamarisk-lvd. do."
or 4
14054 prostrta P. S.
rostrate
*
or 3
14055 datirica Paul.
aurian
*
or 8
14056 virginiana JV.
Red Cedar
*
tm 30
14057 communis W.
Conninon
*
tm 15
Swedish
*
or 15
14058 nna JV.
mountain
*
or 2
14059 Oxycdrus W.
brown-berried at
or 15
14060 phoenicea W.
Phoenician
*
or 15
14061 lycia W.
Lycian
*
or 10
14062 barbadnsis W.
Barbadoes Cedar * u_j or 20
t2114. TAXUS. W.
Yew-TREE.
14063 baccta W.
Common
or 20
A hibernica Hooker Irish
or 12
2115. EPHEDRA. W. Ephedra.
14064 distchya. W.
great
*
cu 2
14065 monostchya W
small
*
cu 2
14066 altissima Desf.
lofty
$ _l cu 24
14049 thurifera W.
14050 bermudina W.
CLAss XXII.
myjn Ap
S. Europe 1752. Lal
myjn Ap Bermudas 1683. S

myjn Ap China
1804. L.
...
Ap Siberia
1806. L.
myjn Ap S. Europe 1548. L.
myjn Ap S. Europe 1562. L.
myjn Ap N. Amer. ... S.
jn.au Ap Dauria
1791. L.
my.jn Ap N. Amer. 1664. S.
my.jn Ap Britain heaths. S.
myjn Ap N. Europe ... L.
myjn Ap Siberia
... S.
my.jn Ap Spain
1739. C.
myjn Ap S. Europe 1683. C.
my.jn Ap S. Europe 1693. L.
...
Ap
Florida 1811. L.
Coniferae. Sp. 1.
fap
Ap Britain m.wo. S
...
Ap
Ireland
C
Coniferae. Sp. 3-5.
p.1
p.l
s.l
s.1
s.1
s.l
s.l.
s.p
s.1
s.l
l.p
s.l.
Herm. lug. t.347
Bot rep. 534

Mich. arb. 3. t. 5
Eng bot. 1110
Pair.2t 54 f.A.B
Duharb.l. t. 128
s.l Pall. ross 2 t-57

s.l Pall, ross.2 t 56
s.l. Pluk.al. t. 197.f4
co Eng bot 746
p.l
-
Ap France 1570. L. co Sch. han 3. t.339

Ap Siberia 1772. L. co Dend brit. 142
... Ap Barbary 1825... L. co Desf atl. t. 253
2116. CISSAM'PELOS. Dec. PAREIRA BRAVA Root. Menispermeae. Sp. 3-28.
14067 Parira Dec.
14057
genuine
* [Z\] or
jn.jl
s.n
6 jLau
S. Amer. 1733.
Lam. ill. t. 830
14060
2113 Juniperus.
Fromis,
theaccording
Celtic jeneprus,
which
signifies
or rude
thesandaroes.
name of a resin
produced
by the Juniper,
to Golius
(p. 1235),
an rough,
alteration
of theSandarach,
Arabic word
The
species, with only one or two exceptions, are close conical-growing evergreen shrubs or trees. The timber of
J. Barbadensis and Bermudiana is imported from the West Indies under the name of Bermudas Cedar, J.
Virginiana grows in the West Indies, the North American continent, and in Japan. It is one of the highest
timber trees
Jamaica, and
affording
a reddish
color,
closeother
and countries
firm contexture,
shining,
very in
odoriferous,
bitter very
to thelarge
taste.boards
It is of
imported
intobrown
this and
various
for the
purposes of the cabinet-maker, as it is offensive to most insects. J. communis is common in all the northern
parts of Europe, in fertile or barren soils, on hills or in vallies, in open sandy plains, or in moist and close weods.
On the sides of hills its trunk grows long, but on the tops of rocky mountains and on bogs it is a tufted shrub.
In England it is found chiefly on open downs in a chalky or sandy soil. In Scotland it is found in granite, trap
and schistous hills and mountains; but not in the highest summits of the latter. In the south of Europe it isonly
found in elevated situations; it abounds in the Alps of Switzerland, but is not very common in the Appenines.
In our shrubberies it forms a respectable looking conical bush, grouping and combining very well with cypresses,
American cedars, and various species of the pine and fir tribe. It is easily transplanted, and bears cropping.
Grass
willmay
notbe
grow
beneath
it, but and
the ardent
Avena spirits,
Pratensis
is said to destroy
The wood
is these
hard
and durable:
the
bark
made
into ropes;
impregnated
with #it.essential
oil of
forms
the true Juniper water or gin. Various insects feed on this shrub; and it is eaten by horses, sheep, and goals,
when they can get nothing better. A gum oozes spontaneously from the trunk of old plants, which is Sanda.
rach, and in its powdered form is known under the name of pounce. Juniper berries require to remaint"
years on the tree before they are fully ripe. The greater quantity of those which are used in Britain, are
brought from Germany, Holland, and ftaly. They have a peculiar aromatic odor, and a sweetish, pun
gent,
bitterish
when
chewed.
distillation
with water,
they yield
a volatile
terebinthinate,
a
greenish
color, taste
on which
their
virtues In
depend.
The flavor
and diuretic
properties
of hollands
depend oil
on of
this
oil; it is also supposed to be used for flavoring English gin, but for this purpose oil of turpentine * used.
Medicinally, Juniper berries are diuretic and cordial. They have been long known as a remedy in hydrop:
affections; but they cannot be depended on alone, although they form an excellent adjunct to foxglove and squill
The tops yield the same essential oil as the berries, and may therefore besubstituted for them. (Thom Lond Dar)
J. suecica is by some considered only a variety. J. sabima seldom produces flowers or seeds in our gardens.
Professor Pallas says, that in the Chersonesus Taurica, where it is very common, the savin is often found a foot
and
a half diameter;
it sand
growsseveral
upright
there, iike
cypress,
whereas
byresembles
the Tanais
it is
the branches
extending that
on the
fathoms;
that athe
wood very
much
that
of procumb"
J. lycia, but
has a more cadaverous smell, and the leaves are more fetid. The leaves and tops of common savin have a
strong, heavy, disagreeable flavor, and a bitter hot taste, with a considerable degree of acrimony. These
qualities depend on an essential oil, which is obtained in considerable quantity by distiilation with water.
water and alcohol extract its active principles; and Lewis found that on inspissating the spirituous tinct"
ere remains an extract consisting of two distinct substances, of which one is yellow, unctuous or oily,
bitterish, and very '' the other black, resinous, tenacious, less pungent, and subastringent. Medicin
ally, savin is a powerful stimulant, posssesing diaphoretic, emmenagogue, and anthelmintic properties. It has
*ly, however, a considerable effect on the uterine system, but, on account of its stimulating properties:
**uited to those cases only of amenorrhoea which are unattended by fever, and in which the circulation."
Oanza XIII.
DICECIA MONADELPHIA.
849
14049 Leaves imbricated in 4 rows acute
14050 Lower leavesternate: upper binate decurrent subulate spreading acute

14051 Leaves decurrent imbricated spreading closely packed, of the stem in threes of the branches in fours
14052 Leaves opposite bluntish glandular in the middle imbricated in 4 ways, Stem arboreous
14053 Lvs. opp. blunt glandular in the middle imbricated in 4 ways: the younger acute and opp. Stem shrubby
14054 Leaves opp. acute imbricated in about 4 rows smooth glaucous, Branches horizontal prostrate
14055 Leaves opposite acute imbricated decurrent: occasionally spreading and subulate
14056 Leaves in 3s adnate at base: younger imbricated; old ones spreading
14057 Leavesternate spreading mucronate longer than the berry
14058 Leaves ternate falcate somewhat imbricated the length of berrics
140.9 Leavesternate spreading pointed shorter trian berry
14060 Leaves ternate obliterated imbricated blunt
14001 Leaves ternate imbricated all ways ovate blunt

14062 Leaves all imbricated in 4 rows: younger ovate; old ones acute
14063 Leaves thickly set linear distichous flat, Male receptacles globose
14064. Sheaths of joints 2-toothed blunt, Catkins 2-3 opposite stalked, Peduncles shorter than catkins
14065. Sheaths of joints 2-toothed blunt, Catkins solitary scattered or opposite. Peduncles longer than catkin
14066 Sheaths of joints bifidacum. Male catkins clustered sessile or stalked, Fem. solit. stalk. Branches spreading
14067 Leaves peltate subcordate ovate-orbicular silky beneath. Female racemes longer than leaves
|
*
14067
and Mascellaneous Particula:-
languid. In plethoric habits, its use should be preceded by repeated bleedings; and at all times its internal
exhibition requires caution. It has been given in gout and worm cases also, but is seldom used. As an ex
ternal local stimulant or escharotic, the dried leaves in powder are applied to warts, flabby ulcers, and carious
bones; and the expressed juice diluted, or an infusion of the leaves, as a lotion to gangrenous sores, scabies.
and tinea capitis, or mixed with lard and wax as an issue ointment. (Thom. Lond Disp. p. 342.)
J. Lycia, which greatly resembles the savin, is commonly thought to produce the gum resin called Oliba
num; though Dr. Thomson and others consider the Boswellia Serrata of Roxburgh as the true plant.
Olibanum is supposed to have been the incense used by the ancients in their religious ceremonies; it is much
employed by the Roman Catholics in their churches, and generally as a perfume in sick rooms.
2114. Tarus. . According to Vossius this word is derived from roog, an arrow, because that weapon was
formerly poisoned with the juice of the plant. Yew seems to be an alteration of the Celtic iw, green. T. bac
-cata inhabits mountainous woods in Europe, North America, and Japan. Caesar mentions it as very common
in Gaul and Germany. In Britain and Ireland there was formerly great abundance in a wild state,
and planted in church-yards. Ray says that our ancestors planted the yew in church-yards because it
was an evergreen tree, as a symbol of that immortality which they hoped and expected for the persons there
deposited. Hence a custom, which still exists in a few places of Wales and Ireland, of carrying twigs of this
and other evergreen trees in funerals, and throwing them into the grave with the corpse. According to some,
the yew was planted in church-yards on account of its utility in making bows; but this is by no means likely,
when the tree was so common in a wild state, and when a single one would have afforded so very scanty a
supply. The bow was considered an engine of military warfare, at least up to the time of Henry VIII: ; so
great was the demand for yew in the days of archery, that our own stock could not supply the demand; it was
obliged to be imported, and various laws were passed concerning it from the time of Edward IV, to Elizabeth:
The wood of the yew is red and veined, very hard and smooth, used by turners, cabinet-makers, millwrights, and
a variety of other artisans. Flood-gates for ponds made of it, are said to be of incredible duration. The twigs
and leaves of yew, eaten in a very small quantity, are certain death_to horses and cows; but deer, it is said,
will crop these trees with impunity, and sheep and goats are said by Linnaeus to eat them. Turkeys, peacocks,
and other poultry and birds eat both the leaves and fruit. A few of the berries are not deleterious to the
human species, but the leaves are fatal. The tree is very patient of the shears, and was much employed in
the ancient style of gardening for verdant architecture and sculpture. Allowed to take its natural shape, and
when advanced to a considerable age, it forms one of handsomest of British evergreens, harmonizing admira
bly with the holly, the box, and the juniper. The yew is generally propagated from seeds, which are either
sown as soon as they are ripe, without in: them from the pulp, or mixed with sand, and laid in a heap to
be turned over two or three times during the winter, and in spring, the seeds from which the pulp will have
rotted sown in beds, of light loamy soil." By either mode, a part of the plants will come up the first season,
and the remainder in that following. The Irish yew is probably a distinct species. . .
2115. Ephedra. This was a name given by the Greeks to our Equisetum, which the plant now called
Ephedra strongly resembles. E. Distachya abounds in the southern parts of Russia, and from thence south
wards
to Persia
India.They
Theareberries
July andpeasants,
August:and
they
are wandering
sweetish, mucau",
and leave a
little heat
in theand
throat.
eaten ripen
by theinRussian
by the
bordes of all Great
Tartary.
-
# Cissampelos.
From arrer, the Greek name of the ivy, and ****, vine; a plant partaking of the
3 I
-- -
---
- -
DICECIA MONADELPHIA.
850
14068 Caapba Dee.

nervous-leaved $_{Z\] or
14069 capen'sis Dec.
Cape
* L-J or
2117. EXCAECARIA. W. ExAECARIA.
14070 serrta H. K.
saw-leaved
* LJ or
2118. ADE''Lla. W.
14071 Bernrdia W.
14072 Ricinlla W.
14073 Acidton W.
ADELIA.
villous-leaved * D or
smooth-leaved at D or
Box-leaved
* D or
2119. LOUREIRA. W. Loureira.
14074 glandulsa W.
glandulous
* D or
2120. MYRISTICA. W. NUTMEG.
14075 moschta W.
true
* D clt
14076 fatua W.
tasteless
* D or
2121. NEPEN/THES. py. PITCHER PLANT.
14077 distillatria W.
Chinese
y: [A] cu
4 jl.au G
S. Amer. 1733.
6
...
G
C. G. H. 1775.
6 fin
W
Chili
1796
6 jl.au
G
Jamaica 1768.
6 jn.au G.w Jamaica 1768.
3 jn.jl
G.w Jamaica 1768.
6
...
... Mexico 1799.
Myristiceae. Sp. 2-14.
30
...
CLAss XXII.
C
R p,
Plum ic. 67 f...?
C p.l
C. p.l
C. p.l
C. p.l
C. p.1 Cav.ic. 5.t-430
G.w E. Indies 1795. C. p.l Lam. ill. t.83%
...
G.w Surinam # C pl Plukal. t.350.f6
.................. Sp. 1-6.
2 ap.my G
China
1789 C pl Bur zeyl.42. t.17
30
t2122. CLUYTIA. W.
14078 alaternoides W.
Cluvr1A.
narrow-leaved a L-J pr2 mr.d W.
C. G. H. 1692. C. p.1 Bot, mag. 1321
14079 polygonoides W.
14080 daphnoides W.
14081 ericoides W.
14082 poliflia W.
14983 tomentsa W.
Polygonum like * Upr
2 mrd
14084 pulchlla W.
Daphne-leaved a u_j pr:3

Heath-leaved * L pr2
Poley-leaved at LJ pr2
tomentose
* u_j prS
broad-leaved in L pr2
14085 collina W.
hill
* L pr:3
W.
C. G. H. 1790. C plW. hort ber 51
myjn
ap.jn
apjn
apjn
ja.jn
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
C. G.
C. G.
C. G.
C. G.
C. G.
...
W.
E. Indies 1807. C p.l Rox.cor.2 t 160
H. 1731. C p.1 W. hort ber 52

H. 1790. C p.1
H. 1790. C. p.l Jac. schoe.9. t.30
H. 1812. C. p.l
H. 1739. C. p.1 Bot mag. 1945
History, Use, Propagation, Cutture,
nature of the former in its foliage, and of the latter in its fruit. The roots of several species are said to have
medicinal qualities. That of the C. pareira, or Pareira brava, is bitter, diuretic, and aperient; of
... campeba more mucilaginous.
2117. Excecaria. From excacare, to blind. The juice of this plant is so acrid as to cause loss of sight
whenever, it touches the eyes. Agallochum, the produce of one of the species, was the name given by the
'
to an aromatic wood they obtained from India. In Arabia it is called, according to Golius,
agha
2118. Adelia. From 2, privative, and 3"xes, visible.
The parts of fructification are so minute as to be
hardly visible. A. Bernardia derives its name from having been considered a distinct genus, and dedicated to
the celebrated Bernard de Jussieu. Bernardia is the name which ought to have been adopted for the genus.
"' uninteresting shrubs.
119. and
Loureira.
Dedicated
by Cavanilles
to John
de Loureiro,
China
Cochin-china,
of which
he published
the Flora
in 1790. a Portuguese missionary, who travelled in
2120. Myristica. From aveta, myrrh, on account of the odor of the fruit. M. moschata produces spheroidal
-
drupes, fleshy, smooth, and finally drying up into a coriaceous crust, and opening on one side. Each berry
contains an serrated nut. The arillus or cover, which is commonly called mace, is fleshy,
Coriaceous, and reddish-saffron colored. Under this are two shells, the outer thin and brittle, and reticulated
#hethefruit
impressions of the mace: the inner shell is membranaceous, and adheres very closely to the kernel.
would be a drupe was it not for the arillus.
The nutmeg-tree
yields three crops annually; the first in April, which is the best; the second in August,
and the third in December; yet the fruit requires nine months to ripen it. When it is gathered, the outer
coriaceous covering is first stripped off, and then the mace carefully separated and dried in the sun. The
nutmegs in the shell are next exposed to heat and smoke for three months, then broken, and the kernels
thrown into a strong mixture of lime and water; after which they are cleaned and packed up. This process
is necessary for their preservation, and with the same intention the mace is sprinkled with salt water. There
are several varieties of the tree; but that denominated the queen nutmeg, which bears a small round nut, is
the best. They are imported in chests, which contain each from 100 to 140lbs. weight; the mace comes inchests
also of different sizes. The essential oil which is obtained in Banda by the distillation of the nut is brought
DIOECIA MONADELPHIA.
ORDER XIII.
851
14068 Leaves somewhat orbicular cordate at base 7-nerved or little downy, Fem. racemes the length of leaves
14069 Lvs. ovate bluntish smooth on short stalks, Racemes much branched, male? scarcely longer than petiole
14070 Monoecious diandrous, Leaves oblong serrated
14071 Leaves oblong downy serrated
14072 Leaves obovate entire
14073 Leaves oblong blunt entire fascicled, Spines axillary
14074 Leaves cordate glandular or the limb
14075 Leaves oblong acuminate smooth, Veins simple, Fruit solitary smooth
14076 Leaves oblong lanceolate with starry down beneath, Veins simple, Fruit racemose downy
14077 Leaves sessile, Pitchers cylindrical, Flowers panicled
14078 Leaves sessile linear lanceolate acute, Flowers axillary solitary

14079 Leaves sessile obovate acute, Peduncles about 3-fl. axillary
14080 Leaves subsessile lanceolate obovate, Flowers axillary solitary
14081 Leaves subsessile linear-lanceolate acute thickish, Flowers axillary twin
14082 Leaves stalked linear blunt mucronate revolute at edge, Flowers axillary subsolitary on long stalks
14083 Leaves elliptical blunt densely downy on each side, Flowers axillary solitary sessile
14084 Leaves stalked ovate acute smooth, Flowers in 5s axillar
14085 Leaves stalked elliptical blunt somewhat retuse smooth shining, Flowers axillary polygamous about 3
14.078
14082
N'-
14080
\\
140R*,
1408.4
in bottles, and the expressed oil in stone jars. Nutm

are frequently punctured and boiled in order to ob.
tain the essential oil, and the orifices afterwards cl
with powdered sassafras. The fraud is detected by the
lightness of the nutmeg. The nutmeg has a fragrant, agreeable, spicy odor, and a warm aromatic taste.
As the medical properties of nutmeg and mace depend on the essential oil they contain, they agree in these
circumstances; and both are stimulant, carminative, and, in large doses, narcotic. Mace is more generally
used as a culinary spice; but the nutmeg and its volatile oil are in frequent use to cover the disagreeable taste
of other medicines, and are sometimes ordered in cases of languor, vomiting, and diarrhoea, and in flatulent
colic. On account of the narcotic property of the oil, nutmeg should be cautiously employed in apoplectic and
paralytic habits. In India its dangerous effects have been frequently felt; and in this country instances have
occurred in which the nutmeg, taken in large quantity, produced drowsiness, great stupor, and insensibility,
and on awakening delirium, which alternated with sleep for several hours. (Thom. Lond. Disp. p. 395.)
M. fatua is a branching lofty tree; the branches long, tortuous and declining; the leafy and flowering
branches downy and ferruginous; and the flowers in axillary and terminal clusters. The fruit varies in size
and form on different trees; but is generally oblong, and about as long as a pigeon's egg. From the kernel is
extracted a species of yellowish suet or fat, which serves for various medical and economical purposes, and is
made into candles. From the wounded bark flows a red acrid juice. The plants are at present rare in British
collections: they grow in light loam and peat, and may be increased by cuttings in sand under a bell-glass.
2121. Nepenthes. The name under which Homer speaks of a substance, which appears to have been opium.
It is impossible to conceive in what sense the word has been applied to the plants now bearing the name. They
are the famous pitcher-plants of China and the East Indies, which bear leaves, the extremities of which are
hollowed out into cup-like appendages, which are generally filled with water, which seems as if confined
within them by a little lid, by which the pitchers are surmounted. The cultivation of the plants is extremely
difficult. It requires a very damp atmosphere, much heat, and perhaps, not much light. They are managed
more successfully by Loddiges of Hackney, than by any cultivators in this country.
2122. Cluytia. Named by Boerhaave, after Outgers Cluyt, or Augier Clutius, a Dutchman, and professor of
botany at Leyden. He published, in 1634, a little tract upon the Cocoa-nut of the Maldives, which he called
nux-medica. The species are of little beauty or interest, and of the easiest propagation and culture.
3 I 2
852
CLAss XXIII.
CLAss XXIII. - POLYGAMIA.
Flowers either male, female, or hermaphrodite, upon the same or different plants.
This class differs from the two preceding in having not only the sexes in different flowers upon the same i.;
rate individuals as in Dioecia, but also combined in one flower, mixed
dividual as in Monoecia, or upon
among those which are unisexual. It may, therefore, be considered to contain those genera which are in a
state of transition from the common hermaphrodite structure to absolute unisexuality.
To the first of its orders are referred several grasses, which are excluded from the early classes on account
of the separation of their sexes; it also contains the numerous tribe of Mimosas, so well known for their
various properties as objects of food, of ornament, of medicine, or of curiosity. The maple is also stationed
in the first class, as are a few genera of palms.
The most important genera of the second class, besides the poetical Palmetto, are the ash and the fig.
Gleditschia and Ceratonia, two families of Leguminosae, are valuable, the former for its light, airy, elegant
foliage, and the latter for its sweet pods, which are used in Spain, in great quantities, as fodder for cattle
Order 1.
MONOECIA.
$&
Flowers monoecious.
2123. Inga. Hermaphrodite. Cal 5-toothed. Cor. tubular, 5-fid. Stam. 100, monadelphous Pod:#"lved.
:
enwrapped in pulp, or in an arillus.
elphous.
Male. Cal 5-toothed.
Cor. tubular, 5-fid.
Stam. 100 mena.
124. Mimosa. Hermaphrodite. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. O. or 5-toothed. Stam.8. Pod separating into one
seeded joints. Male. Cal 5-toothed. Cor. O. or 5-toothed. Stamens 8.
2125. Schrankia. Hermaphrodite. Cal 5-toothed. Cor. 5-fid. Stamens 8-10. Pod 4-valved. Male Cal
5-toothed.
Cor. 5-fid.
Stamens 8-10.
Hermaphrodite. Cal 5-toothed.
2126. Desmanthus.
Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. O. Stamens 20.

2127. Acacia. Hermaphrodite. Cal 5-toothed.
5-toothed.
Cor. 5-fid.
---
Cor. 5-fid.
Stamens 4-100.
Male. Cal.
Pod 2-valved.
Stamens 4-100.
Cal. O.
Hermaphrodite.
2128. Weratrum.
seeded.
Cor.5 petals. Stamens 20. Pod 2-valved. Male
Car. 6-petalous.
Stamens 6.
Ovaries 3
Caps. 3, many
Stamens &
Male. Same as hermaphrodite, but no ovary.

on. Hermaphrodite. Cal. 1-fl. #les glume bearded, either at base or tip.
1. Male. Ovary none.
-
2129. Andr
Styles 2.
130. Chloris.__ Flowers 1-sided. Cal 2-valved, with 2 or 6 florets: one sessile, hermaphrodite; the other
stalked, male. Hermaphrodite. Paleae with a terminal beard. Stamens 3. Styles 2. Seed I. Male. Cal 0.
Paleae one or two, bearded. Stamens 3.
2131. Sorghum. Flowers panicled. Glume coriaceous-cartilaginous, 2-flowered closed. Palese of the herma
1-fi stalked. Paleae 2, beardless.
phrodite bearded; of the neuter single, beardless. Male. Glume
Paleae
2132. Holcus. Hermaphrodite. Cal. glume 1-2-flowered.
Styles 2. Seed 1. Male. Cal glume 2-valved. Paleae O. or 2.
bearded under the end.

Stamens3.
Stamens 3.
2133 Ischemum. Hermaphrodite. Cal glume2-flowered. Palese 2. Stamens 3. Styles2. Seedl. Male
Cal. and palea as in hermaphrodite. Stamens 3.
Palea terminated by a triple

2134. Hermaphrodite. Cal glume about 3-flowered, cartilaginous.
2. Seed 1. Male. Cal. and pal. of hermaphrodite. Stamens 3.
beard. Stamens3. Styles
2135. Manisuris. Hermaphrodite. Glume 1-fi. Paleae 2 Stamens 3. Style bifid. Male. Glume 1-f.
All the valves of calyx emarginate at end and sides.
Paleae 2. Stam. 3.
2136 Walantia. Hermaphrodite. Cal. O. Cor. 4-parted Stamens 4. Style 2-fid. Seed 1. Male. Cal.O.
Cor.
#:
Styles 3-4.
Hermaphrodite. Cal 4-fid.
2137. Parietaria.
Cor. O. Stam.4. Style 1. Sced 1. Female Cal 4-fid.
. Cor: Q. Style 1. Seed 1.

2138. Atripler. Perfect fl. Perianth, single, 5-partite, inferior stam 5. Style bipartite. Fruit depressed,
covered by the cal. Pistilliferous fl. "Perianth single, 2-partite. Stam. O. The rest as in the Per
-
ower.
2139. Rhagodia. Hermaphrodite. Cal 5-parted. Cor. O. Stamens 5, or fewer. Acinus depressed
Male.
Cal, cor, and stam. of the hermaphrodite.
21% forminal: "Hermaphrote "Cal 5-parted cor. o. stam. 10 Drupe inferior. Male Cal five
parted.
Stamens 10.
Cor. O.
2141 Fusanus. Hermaphrodite Cal 5-fid. Cor. O. stamens 4: Ovary inferior. Stigma*. A drupe
2142. Brabgium. Hermaphrodite. Cor. of catkin 4-parted Stamens 4. Style 2-fid. Drupe with a fleshy
Male. Fruit abortive. Cal, cor, and stam. of hermaphrodite.

round nut.
Male.
Cor. of catkin 4-parted
Stamens 4. Style 2-fid, abortive.
2143 Acer. Hermaphrodite. Cal 5-fid. Cor. 5 petals. Stamens 8. Styles 2. Samara winged at end, one
seeded.
Male.
Cal 5-fid.
Cor. 5 petals.
Stamens 8.
2144 Negundium. Cat very small, unequally 4.5-toothed. Pet. O. Male. Flowers fascicled. Anther"
4-5, linear, sessile.
Female.
#' racernose.
2145. Celtis. Hermaphrodite. Cal 5-parted. Cer. O. Stamens 5. Styles 2.

parted.
A drupe. Male Cal six
Cor. O. Stamens 6.
2146 Gouania. Hermaphrodite. Cal. 5-fid, superior. Cor. O. Stamens 5. Style 3-fid. Fruit 3-cornered,
3-parted.
Male.
Cal. 5-fid.
Cor. O.
Stamens 5.
2147. Hermas. Hermaphrodite. An umbel. Cor. 5 petals. Stamens 5, sterile.

5 petals. Stamens 5, fertile. Styles 2.
Male. An umbel. Cor.
Seeds 2, inferior, cordate, orbicular.
2148. Bridelia. Hermaphrodite, Cal 5-parted Petals 5, inserted in calyx. Stamens 5, monadelphous
Styles 2, bifid. Berry 2-seeded. Male. Cal 5-parted. Petals 5, inserted in the calyx. Filam, columnar,
bearing 5 anthers.
2145. Feronia.
many seeded.
Female. Cal. and corolla of male.
Hermaphrodite.
Male.
Cal 5-toothed.
Cal 5-toothid
Cor. 5 petals.
Styles 2, bifid.
Cor 5 petals.
Berry 2-seede
Stamens 10.
Style 1.
Berry 5-celled,
Stamens 10.
2150. Ailantus. Hermaphrodite. Cal 5-parted. Cor. 5 petals. Stamens 2-3. Ovaria 3-5. Styles lateral
Samaras 1-seeded. Male. Cal 5-parted. Cor. 5 petals. Stamens 10. Female. Cal 5-parted. Cor 5 petals
Ovaries 3-5. Styles lateral. Samaras 1-seeded.
4-6. Cor.
Caps
Cor. 4.6
Anthers
clustered.
6-leaved.
21:1. Clusia. Hermaphrodite.
Ovary
1. Male.Stigmas
Cal.2-fid.
5 fid Cor's
fid petals.
stamen's
Hermaphrodite.Cal,Cal
#!.9phidrylon.
5-fid.
Stamens
2.
*'''led,
many-seeded.
Male Cal. 4.6-leaved. Cor 6 petals stamens numerous.
CI Ass XXIII.
853.
POLY GAM1A.
#":
Hermaphrodite,
Cor. 3-fid. Stamens 6.
2153.
Cal. 3-fid.
Order 2.
Cal 3-fid.
Cor. 3-fid.
DICECIA.
&
Stamens 6.
Ovary 1.
Drupe 1-seeded. Male.
Flowers dioecious.
2154. Gleditschia. Hermaphrodite. Cal 4-fid. Cor. 4 petals. Stamens 6. A pod. Male. Cal 3-leaved.
Petals 3. Stamens 6 Female. Cal. 5-leaved. Petals 5. A pod.
215.5. Ceratonia. Hermaphrodite. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. O. Stamens 5. Style 1. Pod coriaceous, many
seeded. Male. Cal 5-parted. Cor. O. Stamens 5. Female. Cal. about 5-toothed. Cor. O. Style 1. Pod
coriaceous, many-seeded.
2156. Praxinus. Hermaphrodite. Cal. O. or 4-parted. Cor. O. or 4 petals. Stamens 2. Samara 1-seeded.
Female. Cal. O. or 4-parted. Cor. O. or 4 petals. Samara 1-seeded.
2157. Brosimum.
ermaphrodite. Catkin globosc, with a solitary ovary at end. Cal. a scale. Cor. O.
Anthers peltate, solitary. Style 2-fid. Female. Cal. O. Cor. O. Ovary imbricated with scales. Style 2-fid.
Berry coated, 1-seeded.

21:58. Diospyrus.
and cor. 4-fid.
Hermaphrodite. Cal. and cor. 4-fid. Stam. 8. Style 4-fid.
Berry 8-seeded.
Male. Cal.
Stamens 8.
2:59. Myrsine. , Cor half.5-cleft, conniving ovary filling the coroll: Drupe 1 seeded. Nut 5-celled.
2160. Nyssa. Hermaphrodite. Cal 5-parted. Cor. O. Stamens 5. Ovary 1. Drupe inferior. Male.
Cal. 5-parted. Cor. O. Stam. 10.
2161. Hamiltonia. Hermaphrodite. Cal. 5-fid. Cor. O. Nect. a 5-toothed disk. Stamens 5. Ovary 1.
Drupe inferior. Male. Cal. 5-fid. Cor. O. Nect a 5-toothed disk. Stamens 5.
2162. Laurophyllus. Hermaphrodite. Cal. 4-leaved. Cor. O. Stamens 4. Ovary superior. Style 1.
Male. Cal. 4-leaved. Cor. O. Stamens 4.
2163. Bursera. Hermaphrodite. Cal 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Style O. Caps. 3-valved, one
secded. Male. Cal. 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10,
*
2164. Arctopus. Male. An umbel. Petals and stamens 5. Hermaphrodite. An umbel. Petals 5. Styles
2. Seeds 2. Involucre very large.
216.5. Panar. Hermaphrodite. An umbel. Cal. 5-fid. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Styles 2. Berry 2-seeded.
Male. An umbel. Cal. entire. Petals 5. Stamens 5.
2166. Ficus.
sced 1.
Male.
Common receptacle turbinate, closed, fleshy.

Cal 3-parted. Cor. O.
Stamens 3.
3 is
Female.
Cal 5-parted.
Cor. O.
Ovary 1.
Class XXIII.
POLY GAMIA MONCECIA.
854
MONOECIA.
2123. INGA. W.
14086 dulcis IV
14087 Unguis-Cti W.
14088 biglobsa W.
14089 macrophylla W.
14090 vera py.
14091 rhoifolia W. en.
14092 alba Jy.
14093 marginata W.
14094 mellifera W.
14095 nodsa W.
INGA.
sweet
four-leaved
two-headed
D or 20
...
D or 20
...
fr 30
...
large-leaved
D or 20
...
common
D or 30 jLau
villous
CD or 12
...
white
D or 20
...
margined
* D fr20
...
honey-bearing
D or 20
...
D or 20
14096 latiflia W.
knobbed
broad-leaved
14097 purpurea W.
Soldier Wood : D or
14098 circinlis W.
spiral-podded
* 2124. MIMOSA. W.
14099 viva W.
14100 csta W.
14101 sensitiva JV.
...
Pk
Pk
Pk
Pk
W
...
Mixiosa.
lively
y:
chaste
*L
or
pr
Sensitive Plant c RD) cu
14102 latispinsa Lam.
broad-spined
14103 obtusiflia W. en
14104 pudica W.
blunt-leaved a DT el
Humble Plant r". Del
a E. el
p.1
p.l
p.l
sp
s-p
Roxb. cor-1.t-99
Jac schoe.3.t-32
Jalam. t.179: fs;
Sljam.2.t.183 fi
1815. S. s.
E. Indies 1804. S. p.
W. Indies 1752. S sp Plukal. t. 141.f3
Arabia 1822. S. p.
Pk
Ceylon,
6 mrap Pu
...
Brazil
C
S.
S
S
S
W.
Pk
Pk
D or 10 mrap Pu
in D or 10
E. Indies 1800.
W. Indies 1690.
Martiniq. 1823.
Cumana 1815.
W. Indies 1739.
Pu
Leguminosae.
1* jls
Pu
2 jl
Pa.Y.
13 ap.s
Pk
3's
W
3
...
Pu
1 aps
W
1690. S sp Plukalt 311.f5
W. Indies 1768. S. p.
Plum ic. t. 9
W. Indies 1733 C plBot, reg. 129

W. Indies 1726. C p.1 Plum ic t-5
Sp. 1271.
Jamaica 1739.
E. Indies 1741.
Brazil
1648.
Madagasc.1823.
Brazil
1816.
Brazil
1638.
S
S.
C.
S
S
S.
S. r.m Kunth mimit5
p.1
p.1
s.p
sp
sp
r.m.
Sljam.2t-182.f.
Comihort-l. t.38
Bot. reg.25
Bot. rep. 544
14105 polydctyla Humb. many-fingered re-D el
11 jn.jl
Pu
Brazil
14106 pigra H. K.
2 jn.jl
3 jn.jl
2 jn.jl
3
...
W
Pa.Y
W.
Pu
Vera Cruz 1733.

E. Indies 1799.
W. Indies 1823.
E. Indies 1794.
Martinico 1816. S p.1 Dec leg.tt-61,63
14107 rubicalis
W.
14108 asperta W.
14109 concinna Jy.
straight-spined * D el
Bramble-stalk. * Del
rough
* D. el
neat
* Del
$14,110 polystchya W. en many-spiked

2125. SCHRANKIA. W.
14111 aculeta W.
14112 uncinta W.
*- C el 20
SchnaNkia.
Vera Cruz
hooked
* [Zu cu
* uncu
...
1822.
S
S
S
S.
Lp Breyn cent t20

1.p Roxbcor:2.t:200
lp Dec. legum t-63
p.l
Leguminosae. Sp. 25.

2 il.au
Pk
Vera Cruz 1733. S p.1 Milic.2:t.182f1
2 jl.au
Pk
N. Amer. 1789. S. p.1 Vent choix 2S
2123. Inga. This is an American name adopted by Marcgraaf. A fine genus of plants, remarkable for their
beautiful foliage and flowers, but in cultivation they seldom blossom. 1. purpurea is a remarkably elegan:
plant, and so is Inga biglobosa. I unguis-Cati, the Cat's claw, Mimosa, is so called from the form of its curred
spines.
All the species require the greatest heat of the bark stove; they increase very slowly by cuttings.
2124. Mimosa. Said to be derive
from tauer, a buffoon, because the leaves of the sensitive species appear
as if to play with the hand that touches them.
The cause of the well known motion in the leaves of the sensitive plant, has been the subject of many
ingenious explanations; but it has not been treated by any botanist with so much ingenuity and address as by
Dr. Dutrochet, whose theory we give, as explained by Mr. Lindley in the Botanical Register. M. Dutrochet
states, that having ascertained hot nitric acid to possess the power of separating and reducing to its simplest
form the whole mass of vegetable tissue, and that the action of the same acid produced other effects equally
advantageous
for the
examination
of the most
of vegetable
structure,
he was the
induced
his
attention to that
of the
Mimosa pudica,
in theobscure
hope ofparts
gaining
some evidence
respecting
causetotogive
which
its sensibility is to be ascribed. Beginning with the pith, he observed a considerable number of minute glo
bules of a greenish color, intermingled among the cells, and adhering to them in an irregular manner. After
attempting to shew the probability of these globules having deceived M. Mirbel in various points of his
analysis of vegetation, and especially in regard to the pores, which that botanist
: to exist in the cellular
tissue of plants, Dr. Dutrochet proceeds to remark, that the application of hot nitric acid to these globules
renders them perfectly opaque, whence he concludes, that they are, in fact, minute cells filled with a particular
fluid, which is subject to become concrete by the application of acids. Now, it is known, that such fluids as
are thus altered by acids, are usually dissolved and liquefied again by the application of alkalies. A few drop:
therefore, of a solution of hydrate of potash were suffered to fall upon a portion of the pith on which
nitric acid had been acting, and the mixture was exposed to the heat of a lamp. Being examined after a fe"
minutes,
the globules
found to
have resumed
their natural
This curious
fact
in the opinion
of Dr. were
Dutrochet,
a strong
and unexpected
pointappearance.
of analogy between
plants,
andindicated,
animals.
According
to
the
microscopical
researches
of
some
modern
observers,
it
has
been
ascertained
that all the
the
organs of animals are composed of a conglomeration of minute corpuscles, similar to those just described;
orpuscles which constitute the muscles are soluble in acids, but those which compose the nervous system are
insoluble in the same acids, and only soluble in alkalies. Now, as the chemical properties and the external
scattered
the to
cellular
tissuethe
ofspherical
plants, and
constituting
theare,
nervous
system
animals, of
arethe
theparticles
same, the
author among
is induced
infer, that
particles
of plants
in fact,
the
ORDER 1.
POLYGAMIA MONOECIA.
855
MONOECIA.
14086 Spines stipulary very short straight, Leaves of two pairs halved oblong obt. Panicle simple long terminal
14067 Spines stipulary straight, Leaves of two pairs roundish elliptical halved emarginate, Racemeterminal
14088 Unarmed, Leaves
Spike double of two globes pendulous
14089 Unarm. Lvs. bipin. of 2 pairs, Leafl. ov.ac. smooth shining above, Glands betw.every pair, Petiole winged
14090 Unarm. Lvs. pinn of about 5
Leaf. ov. obl. acum smooth, Gland between every pair, Petiole winged
14091 Leafl. of 5 pairs obl: acumin. hairy above and shining villous beneath, Branches covered with rusty down
14092 Unarmed, Lvs. of 3 pairs, Leaflets obl. acuminate equal smooth, Gland between each pair, Petiole winged
14093 Unarm. Lvs. pinn of 2 pairs, Leafl. obl lanc. acum. smooth, Gland between each
wing at end
14094 Spines stipulary recurved, leaves of: pairs, Leaflets halved obovate, Pod ensiform straight
14095 Unarm. Lvs. pinn. of 2 pairs, Leafl. obov. obl. unequal sided smooth, Agland between the lowest small ones
14096 Unarmed, Lvs. conjugate pinnate, Leaflets ov. obl. term. opp. lateral alternate, Flowers in lateral umbels
14097 Unarmed, Lvs. conjugate pinnate, Leafl. obl. blunt uneq. at base, Petioles without glands, Heads stalked
14098 Spines stipular, Lvs. conjugate pinnate, Pinnae of 3 pairs, Leaflets ovate acutesmooth, Pods spirally twisted
':
14099. Unarmed herbaceous, Leaves conjugate pinnate, Pinnae 4 pairs, Leaflets roundish, Pods with one joint
14100 Prickles of branches and stems scattered hooked, 'Lv. bipinn. ciliat. and rough, Sutures of pods very spiny
14101 Stem and petioles prickly, Leaflets nearly halved ovate acute hairy beneath smooth above
14102 Spines of petiol.scatter very broad compr.straight, Lvs. bipinn.
smooth without glands, Leafl. 10-15
14103 Stem and petioles prickly, Leaflets halved cordate ovate blunt smoot
14104 Stem prickly more or less hispid, Leaves digitate-pinnate, Pinnae 4 of many pairs, Leaflets linear
14105 Stem aculeate smooth
upwards, Leaves digitate-pinnate, Pinnae 8 of many pairs, Leaflets linear
14106. Like M. asperata, but less hairy
14107 Prickles of branches and stems scattered hooked, Leaves bipinnate, Pinnae of 5 pairs, Leaflets 20-25 lin.
14108 Leaves bipinnate, Pinnae of 8-12 pairs, Leaflets of many pairs bristly ben. Peduncles twin as long as head
14109 Prickly, Leaves bipinnate; partial
proper of many pairs cultrate, Gland of petiole depressed
14110 Lvs. bipinnate terminated by a tendril, Pinnae of 2-3 pairs,
ets ovalemarg. Spikes numerous fascicled
'.
'.
14111 Prickly, Leaves bipinnate: partial of 3 pairs; proper of many pairs, Pods acute, Stem 4-cornered
14112 Prickly, Leaves bipinnate: partial of 6 pairs; proper of many pairs, Pods acute, Stem 5-cornered
14104
2.
2
<
. ".
"-
#.
\\
14111
scattered elements of their nervous system. This hypothesis receives additional strength from the great
similarity which exists between the medullary substance of the brain of Mollusca Gasteropoda and the cellular
Inedullary tissue of plants. In pursuit of this idea, Dr. Dutrochet made a variety of experiments upon the
sensitive plant, the results of which seem to be these. - The principal point of locomotion, or of mobility, exists
in the little swelling which is situated at the base of the common and partial petioles of the leaves; this
swelling is composed of a very delicate cellular tissue, in which is found an immense number of nervous
corpuscles; the axis of the swelling is formed of a little fascicle of tubular vessels. It was ascertained by
some delicate experiments, that the power of movement, or of contraction and expansion, exists in the
renchyma and cellular tissue of the swelling, and that the central fibres have no specific action connected
with the motion. It also appeared that the energy of the nervous powers of the leaf depended wholly ''
an abundance of sap, and that a diminution of that fluid occasioned an extreme diminution of the sensibility
of the leaves. Prosecuting his remarks yet further, the author ascertained, that in the motion of the sensitive
plant, two distinct actions take place, the one of locomotion, which is the consequence of direct violence
offered to the leaves, and which occurs in the
already spoken of;
the other of nervimotion, which
depends upon some stimulus applied to the surface of the leaflets, unaccompanied by actual violence, such as
the solar rays concentrated in the focus of a lens. As in all cases, the bending or folding of the leaves evidently
takes place from one leaf to another with perfect continuity; it may safely be inferred, that the invisible
nervous action takes place in a direct line from the point of original irritation, and that the cause by which
this action of nervimotion is produced, must be some internal uninterrupted agency. This was, after much
curious investigation, determined by the author to exist neither in the pith, nor in the bark, nor even in the
cellular tissue filled with nervous corpuscles, and on which, he supposes, the locomotion of the swelling at the
base of petioles to depend. It is in the ligneous part of the central system, in certain tubes supplied with nervous
corpuscles, and serving for the transmission of the sap, that Dr. Dutrochet believes he has found the true seat
of nervimotion, which he attributes to the agency of the sap alone, while he considers the power of locomotion
to depend
: the nervous corpuscles alone.
Some of the species ripen seed; others may be increased by cuttings from the points of the young shoots
planted in sand and kept closely covered.
The pods of M. fagifolia contain a sweet whitish pulp, which the natives of Martinique suck; they call the
-
tree and its fruit Pois Dour, or sweet pea.
2125. Schrankia. Named by Willdenow, in honor of his countryman, Francis de Paula Schrank, a well
#nown German botanist. Herbaceous prickly shabby-looking plants, with the habit of Mimosa.
3 I 4
POLY GAMIA MONOECIA.
856
2126. DESMANTHUS. W. Desmanthus.

floating
s: [O]un
double-yellow : [O]un
14115 diffusus W.
rostrate
2-D un
14116 virgtus W.
ong-twigged a Dun
14117 puncttus W.
spotted-stalked * Dun
14118 cinreus W.
Ash-colored
a Dun
14119 divergens W. en
divergent
* D un
14113 ntans W.
14114 plenus W.
f*2127. ACACIA. W.
2
2
3
3
3
3
Leguminosae.
Jl.s
W
jls
Y
Jl.au
W.
jLau Y
jLau
W.
jn.jl
W
6 jn.jl
W.
Leguminosae.
a l l or 10 mr.my Y
14121 juniperina W.
at L or 6 mr.jn Y
14122 aciculnis H. K.
a u_j or 6 mr.au Y
14123 genistiflia Link.
a L J or 3 mr.au Y
14124 sulcta H. K.
* u_j or 2 myau Y
14125 suaveolens W.
e u J or 4 f.jn
Y
14126 glaucescens W.
a u_j or 3 fjn
Y
14127 floribunda W.
a u_J or 6 my.jn Y
14128 liniflia W.
Flax-leaved
* L or 3 myjn Y
14129 linearis B. M.
linear
* LJ or 3 myjn Y
14130 calamifolia Lindl. reed-leaved
* LJ or 3 my.jn Y
14131 stricta W.
double-headed at L or 2 fmy Y
14132 longifolia W.
long-leaved
* L or 10 mr.my Y
14133 falcta W.
sickle-leaved in u_j or 6 my.jn Y
14134 lauriflia W.
Laurel-leaved * D or 4 my.jn Y
14135 diffusa B. Reg.
diffuse
* D or 2 my.jn Y
A. prostrata Bot. Cab. 631
14136 longis'sima Wendl. longest-leaved a D or 4 my.jn Y
14137 undulta Lindl.
wavy-leaved
a C or 4 on
Y
14138 melanxylon H. K. black-wooded * u_j or 8 apjn Y
14139 Sophrae H. K.
Sophora-podd. * u_j or 10 apjn Y
14140 marginta H. K.
marginate-leav.au or 4 apjn Y
14141 myrtifolia W.
Myrtle-leaved * L or 3 fmy Y
14142 lunta Dec.
lunate
* u, , or 2 ap.my Y
14143 angustiflia Wendl narrow-leaved * L or 2 ap.my Y
14144 hispidula W.
little harsh
* u_J or 2 ap.my Y
14145 decipiens H. K.
paradoxical
a u_j or 3 mrjn Y
1414.6 biflora H. K.
two-flowered a u_J or 3 mr.jn Y
14147 armta H. K.
simp. lv.-prick. * L J or 6 apjn Y
14148 alta H. K.
wing-stalked
* L J or 6 apjl
Y
14149 vestita B. Reg.
clothed
* u_j or 6 apji
Y
AcAcia.
whorl-leaved
Juniper-leaved
needle-leaved
furze-leaved
furrowed-leav.
sweet-scented
blunt-leaved
many-flowered
14120 verticillta W.
climbing
14151 Lambertina B. Reg. Cowan's
ciliate-winged
14153 nigricans H. K.
unequal-wing.
14154 guiannsis W.
Guiana
14150 scndens W.
14152 ciliata H. K.
14155 Houstni W.
Houston's
14156 odoratissima W
fragrant
charming
14157 ventista W en.

14.158 arbrea W.
14159 Julibrissin W.
tree
Silk tree
14116 &
* D or 10
*u
el
a u_j or
* L-J or
* D or
* L or
* L ft
* D or
L or
,
...
Pu
6 myjn Pu
8 mr.jn Y
8 my.jl Y
40
...
W
10 s.n
Pu
40
...
W
6
...
Pk
40
...
Pk
or 20 au
W
CLAss XXIII.
7-19.
China
1800.
Vera Cruz 1733.
W. Indies 1731.
W. Indies 1774.
Jamaica 1686
E. Indies 1739.
C
C.
C
S.
C
C.
pil
p.
pil
p.
p.l
p.l
Bot.
629
Mil.ic.2.t-182.fs
Pluk.al. t.307.f3
Bot. mag. 24.54
Com.hort.1. L51
Rox.cor. 2. t. 174
Abyssinia 1816. C p.l Bruce Abys. t. 6

Sp. 83-258.
. Di. Isl. 17
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. Holl.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
Tanna
1790
1796.
1825.
1803.
1790
1790.
1796.
1790
1820.
1819.
1790.
1792.
1790
1775.
S
C
S
S
S
C
S
C
S
S
S.
C.
S
C
S
s-p
s-p
sp
sp
s-p
s-p
sp
s-p
s-p
s-p
s.p
s.p
sp
sp
sp
sp
Bot. mag. 110

Bot. cab. 398
Bot reg. 928
Bot. cab. 730
Vent choix. 13
Bot mag. 2168
Bot mag. 2156
Bot reg. 839
Bot rep. 53
Bot. mag.2166
Bot reg. 634
N. S. W.
1818.
N. S. W.
1810.
N. S. W.
V. Di. Isl.
V. Di. Isl.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. S. W.
N. Holl.
N. Holl.
N. Holl.
N. Holl.
N. Holl.
1817.
1808.
1805.
1803.
1789.
1810.
1816.
1794.
1803.
1803.
1803.
1803.
1820.
India
1780. S sp Rh.mal&t.32-34
Mexico
1848. S sp Bot reg. 721
N. Holl. 1803.
N. Holl. 1803.
Cayenne 1803.
Vera Cruz 1729.
E Indies 1790.
S. Amer. 1816.
Jamaica 1768.
Levant 1745.
14120
S.
S.
S
C
S
S
S
C
S
S
C
S
S
S
C
C.
S
C
S
C
14135
s:p
sp
s.p
s.p
sp
sp
s-p
sp
sp
s-p
sp
s.p
s-p
sp
Bot reg. 680

Bot. reg.843
Bot. mag. 1659
Lab.no.h.2t237
Bot. mag. 302
Bot. cab.384 .
Bot cab. 763
Bot cab. 823
Bot mag. 1745
Bot mag. 1653
Bot. reg.396
Bot reg. 698
sp
sp
lp
p.
p.l
lip
Bot mag. 2188

Aub. guig. t.357
Bot reg.98
Rox.cor.2 t 120
Plualtit.251.f3
1.p Scop. in 1. t.8

*
//
14113
3126. Desmanthus. From Beaux, a bond, and 2,9er, a flower, on account of the fascicles of flowers, which
seem as if bound up together. These plants are chiefly aquatic; a few are prickly; and they all have the
habit of Mimosa. #. natans is used in China as a pot-herb , and is described by Loureiro, under the name of
Neptunia oleracea. Willdenow, the author of the genus, observes, that the neuter florets have always a
different color from that of the hermaphrodites, whence the spikes appear parti-colored, by which character
the genus may be known at a distance. Culture as in Mimosa. D. natans should be grown in water.
2127. Acacia. This was the Greek name of some plant of the present genus, and not being appropriated,
was taken by Willdenow, in his reformation of the old genus Mimosa, as the designation of one of his new
divisions. This is one of the most ornamental families of the greenhouse plants, and some are curious as well
as beautiful. A Julibrissin, the Gul cbruschim, or rose of silk of the Persians, and the Gazia of Italian gar
is an elegant hardy tree with beautiful tufts of pink colored flowers, which resemble tassels of silken
reads.
A. Catechu
and vera are used in medicine. The inner wood of the former tree is of a brown color, from
which
the catechu is thus prepared. After felling the trees, the manufacturer carefully cuts off all the
*'''White part of the wood. The interior colored part is cut into chips, with which he fills a narrow.
"thed unglazed earthen pot, pouring water upon them until he sees it among the upper chips; and when
ORDER I.
POLY GAMIA MONOECIA.
857.
14113 Unarmed, Leaves bipinnate: partial of 3 pairs; proper of many pairs, Spikes ovate, Pedunc. with bractes
14114 Unarmed, Leaves bipinnate: partial of 3 or 4 pairs: proper of 12 pairs, Spikes ovate, Stem prost compres.
14115 Unarmed, Lvs. bipinnate: partial of 4 or 5 pairs; proper of 12 pairs, Spikes few-fl. capit. pentand. Pods lin.
14116 Unarmed, Lvs. bipinnate: partial of 4 pairs; proper of 12 pairs, Spikes few-fl. capitate decand. Pods linear
14117 Unarmed, Leaves bipinnate; partial of 4 or 5 pairs; proper of many pairs, Spikes ovate, Pods obl. blunt
14118 Spines solit. Lvs. bipinn. : partial of about 9 pairs; proper of many pairs, Spikes cylind atten. at base cernu.
14119 Spines solitary, Leaves bipinn. : partial of 8 pairs; proper of many pairs, Spikes cylindrical twin pendulous
1. Leafless.
14120 Unarmed, Petioles linear subulate mucronate rigid pungent whorled, Spikes cylindrical solitary
14121. Unarmed, Petioles linear subulate mucronate rigid pungent alternate clustered, Spikes globose solitary
1412. Petioles round subulate mucronate scattered rigid, Stipules deciduous, Spikes globose solitary
14123 Stipules spiny very minute, Petioles linear subulate-pungent close together, Peduncles solitary
14124 Petioles filiform furrowed on each side: point harmless, Heads twin, Pods wavy
14125. Unarmed, Petioles linear narrowed at base mucron. Spikes globosestalked racemose, Branches 3-cornered
14126 Unarmed, Petioles lanceolate subfalcate narrowed at base blunt about 2-nerved glaucous, Spikes axilla
14127. Unarm. Petioles lin, narrowed at each end mucron. arcuate striat. Fls. interruptedly spik. Branches round."
14128 Unarm. Petiol lin, narrow at base straight mucron. Spikes glob. stalk racem.
nearly as long as lvs.
14129 Petioles narrow lin, very long 1-nerved erect entire, Spikes several axillary generally branched
14130 Stip. scarcely any, Petioles filiform compressed cernuous spreading with an point, Pods torulose
14131 Unarmed, Petioles linear lanceolate narrowed at base obtuse, Spikes globose axillary stalked double
14132 Unarmed, Petioles lin, lanc. narrowed at each end 3-nerved striated, Spikes axillary double cylindrical
14133 Unarmed, Petioles oblong falcate narrowed at base acute veiny, Branches 2-edged
14134 Unarmed, Petioles ovato-acute many-nerved, Spikes globose stalked, Pods falcate
14135 Stip. very small decidu. Petrol lin. 1-nerved with an oblique point, Branches procumb, diff smooth angul.
14136 Petioles very long filiform 1-nerved spreading, Spikes several axillary generally branched
14137 Petioles half oblong wavy: their inner edge a little truncate, Stipules spiny, Branches smooth
14138 Petioles lanceolate oblong nerved somewhat falcate, Heads racemose,
shoots furred
14139 Petioles oblong equal-sided nerved, Spikes twin sessile, Corollas 4-petals, Pods torose
14140 Petioles long lanc. somewhat falcate edged 1-nerved: the anterior edge with 1 gland, Heads racemose 4-fl.
14141 Unarmed, Petioles oblong acuminate veiny, Spikes globose stalked racemose
14142 Petioles half obl. somew, falcate tapered at base with a little gland on the convex side, Branches smooth
14143 Petioles linear tapered at base acute mucronate 1-nerved entire, Heads racemose many-flowered
14144. Unarmed, Petioles sessile oblong cuspidate toothletted scabrous, Spikes globose solitary axillary
'
14145 Petioles triangular: outer angle spiny; inner bearing glands, Stip.setaceous caducous, , smooth
14146 Petiol triangul: ; outer angle spiny; inner bearing glands, Stip setaceous spiny persist. Branchlets downy
14147 Petiol. halv obl. smooth mucronul. 1-nerv.: never parallel with inner edge, Stip veiny, Branches hirsute
14148 Stem winged two ways, Petioles decurrent 1-nerved terminated by a spine, Stipules spiny
14149 Petioles half elliptical lanceolate mucronate aristate 1-nerved in middle and branches hispid
2. Leafy.
* Unarmed.
14150 Leaves conjugate pinnate terminated by a tendril, Pinnae of 4 pairs, Spikes filif Petals 5, Stem climbing
14151 Unarmed, Leaves bipinnate: partial of 2 pair; proper of 2 pair vill. Petiole without glands, Head globose
14152 Unarmed hairy, Lvs. bipinnate: partial of 2 pair; proper of 2 or 3 pair, Stip somew, setaceous deciduous
14153 Unarmed smooth, Leaves bipinnate: partial of 2 pair, proper of 2 to 7 pair, Stip. subulate setaceous
14154 Lvs. bipinnate: partial and of 10 pairs ellipt blunt, Gland of petiole convex, Spikes filif solitaxill.
14155 Leaves bipinnate: partial of about 6 pairs; proper of many, Petioles downy, Spike terminal interrupted
14156 Leaves bipinnate: partial of 4
proper of 10-12, lowest very minute, Spikes globose term. panicled
14157 Unarmed, Leaves bipinnated, Pinnae of 3 or 5 pair, i.eanet. of 15 or 20 pair falcate acute smoothish
14.158 Lvs. bipinn.; partial of 7 pair; proper of 17 pair halv acute, Spikes glob. stalk: axill. Pods arcuate twisted
isise Lvs. bipinn. : partial of 11 pair, proper of many pair halved acute, Spikes subglobose terminal aggregated
14155
141414
14153
14145
this is half evaporated by boiling, the decoction, without straining, is poured into a flat earthen pot, boiled to
one-third part, and then set in a place to cool for one dav The decoction is afterwards evaporated by the heat
of the sun, stirring it several times in the day; and when it is reduced to a considerable thickness, it is spread
upon a mat or cloth, which has previously been covered with the ashes of cowdung, The mass is lastly
divided into square or quadrangular pieces by a string, and completely dried by turning them in the sun, until
thev are fit for sale. extract, when first introducd as a medicine into Europe, was named Terra Japonica,
from the supposition that it came from Japan and was an earth.
Medicinally catechu is one of the most valuable of the vegetable astringents; and as the dark colored con
tains the greater quantity of tannin, on which its astringency d
ds, it is to be preferred for medicinal use.
It is employed with the best effects in dysentery and diarrhoea, when the use of astringents is admissible; in
-
alvine and uterine haemorrhages, leucorrhoea, and in obstinate catarrhal affections.
As a local astrin
gent, it is used in sponginess of the gums, an aphthous ulcerations of the mouth and fauces, and we have
d the slow solution of a small piece of it in the mouth, a certain remedy for the troublesome cough
induced by a relaxed uvula hanging into and irritating the glottis. Dr. Paris recommends it as a dentiffice,
cspecially when the gums are spongy,
-
A. Vera produces the gum arabic of the shops. The tree is found in almost every part of Africa, but those
.
POLYGAMIA MONCECIA.
85
Lp
E
Indies
1742.
au 5
or 1010 mrjn
Lpl.p Jicicl.tlS
Plum.ic.ito
splendid
penosa W.
W. Indies 1777.
or 0 mr.jn
PLman.p33!.tl
broad.podded as
14161
latisiQUa
W.
Egypt
1S23.
CZ)or
S
s.p
B*reP-L
Egyptian
14162
Ler/beck
W.
STw.
1788.
10
mr.jn
two-colored
R
p
m.*
1*163
dUcolor
W.
N.&W.
17
10
mr.jn
hairy-stemmed
S
ap
Botmag.
14164
pubsceng
//.
N.
Holl.
1S0S.
6 my ji
14165 lophntha
W.If. two-spiked
N.N. Amer.
1803.
tt.e-ilAIloror 52 ......
Lp
Vent choix.7
Illinois
}l*166
brachylob
Amer.
1806.
glaudulous
14167 glandulaa W. decurrent u or 6 my.jl
,
N. S. W. 17S0. S s-p
ip
Botn*371
14168
decurrens
W.
N.
HolL
1810.

oror 68 jlil.au
14169
rallis B. lt..... oft
S.E Amer.
1780.
white-flowered
14170
peregrina
p?
Indies 1769.
10 jn.s
S p Cat.car.S4
great-flowered or
14171
grandiflora
jn.au
I or 55 jn.au
14172
glauca
IV. W.Pert, glaucous
';"1"
. . ior
, 1690.
1823.
S.S.America
Amer.
14173
cucocphala
white-headed
Amer.
.
1824.
Bot.mg.SMl
or 64 jn.au
H174
portoricnsi.
Portorice
1+17+
portOricenSIS "..
.. 125.
1824. S s.j>
jla
1+175 uuadrangulrULin*.
quadrangular or
Qor
14176 ucalbita Link, whitened
Peru 1825. S
...
14177
14178 strombulfera
reticulita IV. en.W.
i S
14179 pulchlla H A'.
'Sir E S a**"
14180 juliflra
If.
CG. H.
14181
Sngal
W.
H. 1816.
1800. SS pls.p
1*182
()i
rallie
W.
en.
.w CG.
E Indies 1789. IP
14183
W. W.
1*184 Cifra
Chandra
F..Y E Indies 17S0. S p.l Box.c.r.S.t.175
14185 Ctechu W.
Fa.Y Elndie, 1812. pl .rU* lUS
1 or
14186 leucophl'a W. panicled
Pa.YS.Amer.
1692. pl **"
Cuckold Tree t or
14187 corngera W.
Y
Elndie.
1792. p. W11"
14188
W. W.en. ivory.thomed
L
.StDomin.
G. H. 1816.
14189 ebimea
ha-matoxylon
hoary IQ"r
1656. S Ppl
ft
1419U farncsiua W.
'|K
pl B**'"
W Egypt
EgypianThom or
14191 Tira If.
E.
Indies
820.
W E indies 773. S j}P

Gum Arab, treej ce 2015
g^wjitl
14192 arbica W.
YY E. Indies lu?- % P' 1''
gray
LQ
14193
c'sia
W.
1212
flne-leaved
fl_
or
14194 pennata W.
Y.w
angular-stalkedg_
oror 3
Amer. 1S00. S P J K|,.5.L*
14195 lntsia
W S.WlndicslTT*
round-leaved

14196
CcralniaW. W.
I- -. pSttfltt
"ir
Tamarind-lyd.
oror *66 I".. "~.... Cumana

14197
tamarindiflia
W.
Africa
horrid
1824.
S pl
14198 hrrida If.
or 4
14199 flexusa If.
S.
Amer.
1824.
pl
Do
5 ::: ...;.. S.pem
Amer. .
1822. Ppi
14200 brachvacanthalf.tf.en.short-spined
ciliated
14201
ciliris
W.en.
14202 peruviana IV. en.. Peruvian

Melanlhacea:
2128.
VERA'TIIUM.
W. white
Veatum. 3t A m 5 jn.au
L.Y r Sp. 57.
1+203
album
w.
14204 vlride W.
green-flowered 4 or 5 Jl.au G vsdfe tail
14169
14160
, Ve, rropagaUon,
cipally 1 t
which yield the gum which is exported from Barbary.to Oirat Bnuun, P gray bark.JJ^'E UseJg
tains,
'it
i.
a
hard
withered
looking
low
tree,
with
a
"^n"X
fluid
stale,
*> **
naturally
from the bark of the trunk
and
the branches
,nmrfdleof
?^,
It has"*JSdI
M*
-iiiKjuiinMn^l.traraiarency.
It
is
collected
about
the
"',ti
^**
withoutLing
its
transparency.
.!);_the
'^wccks.
*
stowed
in the warehouses,
is heardonto the
crackliving
spontanrously
dOTulcen
evluttj
g*
Medicinally
gum exert, ami
no action
system butfo'
mMfm*le
'thempHldftrml
f(rm i, JjMd
pt*
abraded
.urfces,
and
involve
acrid
matters
in
the
primm
vl*i,.lnn<iîon,
the
cough
in
rat
^
i0
,stsB
un
ess to sheath
the fauces,
allayof the
tmleto^betr^trt'iWl^
irr'itatioii
"^..^Xôlltb.
PUimonalis
pulmonalis;
: in which
. aandpiece
cassa
niece
it istickling
alloweil
allowed irritation
to (hssolve
dissolven1.
slowly insne
uic. mouth. II cb,eBy " ""T.
1
of mucilage
in. nf the hothouse
îsini.
According
to
Sweet,
all
the
specie,
of
Acacia
are
of
easy
fg^JJXw*
''"'T
^taW*5*
jokinds,
be grown
peat at'Cutting.,"
says, thorn
of mostin a pot of sana under
take inoffloam
largeandcuttings
a joint, andheplunge
un a hand-glw ' "
I'OLYGAMlA MONCIA.
al of 16 p.... , "^^^^
?of4 orP3'3 pair.
: Prol*r
" 18oflS
distantor uur. ' Wl,.
stalkedaxillary
racemose terminal
Pinn
Leaflet.
1 , , i S ,lalkcd
Pinnofmany pair, Leaflets <a~Uid<3 innte downy, Itaeema lateral
Spiny.of4-6 pair, Pods spirally twisted
rea
conjugate pinnate, Leaflets
Pinns
ht
almostlengthofleafl.
oblongconsist
linear of5-7
obtusepair,
dibt. Stip.
Petiole
withas longas
a gland leaves
at end
.ate,
A
sulked
gland
betw.
spiny
in,
Lve.onebipinn.
: partial
of2pinns
pair
; which
proper
of0
pair.
Spikes
axilLpair.
2-JSpikesaxill.
cvlind. pendulous
midd.
reflex,
Lvs,
bipinn.:
part,
of5or6
pair
:prop,
ofmany
cylind.
*m.
as longLvs.
aslvs.bipinn.
Lvs. bipinn.
pair.
Lean.
20pair.
Gland
betw.onevery
piniue
inm incurv.
: partial:Pinnor
of ISpairof ti; 9-13
proper
ofmany
pair,
A gland
thegland
petiole
hooked,
Leaves
bipinnate
partial
pair;
proper
of
many
pair,
A
on
etween
the Leave*
three terminal
leafletsof 10 pair; proper of many or downy, A gland
nbetween
hooked,
bipinnateouter
: partial
i^connate,
the
two
terminal
outer
leaflets
Leavesbipinnate : partial of6-10pair ; proper of many, gland between
.it leaves
nnate
compressed, Leaves bipinnate: partial of6pair : proper of20 pair smooth, A
toetwin. Leaves bipinnate : partial of4pair ; proper of pair. Spikes globose aggregate
branches
smooth,
Branchlets,leave*,
fis. hoary
c.rand
diet,leaves
Lvs. bipinn.
: partial
16 pair ; properpeduncles
many pair,andAgland
on itiolc andbetween
-tial
spreading, Leaves bipinnate : partial of2pair ; proper of8-10pair, A gland betw.
es
ro*'l T
Wal and properof many pr.
^j*le' ^ h,bosc
ind petioles prickly at

m prickly [base
nnalc,
leaves
bipinnate
'irtial
of
?s
a'T'
',
sl"kl
hoko7r",rmi",'" '""r fPK'aveilipd,ri Pr"pcrof > gland on the
us doubte, eave. bf&SS
^.!'"
of 11.15 pair
>fbranches oblong-lanceolate : partial 1 peduncle,
than downyFlowers
p"'
and MUceUaneout Particular,

m
and -^J'^^^^^.bgj u :
iôLm le """ering for 'ho ort part in winter, or early in
.
, S
eShS.11'
"ndwood
"nd and P'Mei
dralnKl- mCMlmg,
of most
kin".fti
kUai-S
"""i"
nd,
under
a
tal
,i
iS*^SK
Sft
them inreS'y
the same
so5"as theincrey
oldta .M
nbnf. &
!k 5g
-Iiin .planting
hole bottom
heat.
Mostkind
of theof kid."rmh,
ln>"8 ''Orel, gathered into a head; this root,anandtruly
everyblack.
part ofV.thealbum
planthaais
Class XXllL
POLYGAMIA MONCIA
860
Virginian 3t or
51+205
virglnicum
1420f
W, H.W.. dark-flowered ii oror 2 jnjl G Carolina 1809. D .1
MBU? nigrum
parvflrum
Sp. 66. 1793.. D_
Gratninetp.
. nerve-gluroed
W. Ajdropogov.
*2129. etritue
ANDROPC^GON
au Ap . Indiei
Scli.ba3.t3tt.
jul E3
un
14203
IV.if.
2 jl.s
twisted
M
53
un
5l4)"t
contrtue
. India
1779.
1786. DD 0
Flgrc.l.tS
11
...
Lemon-grass
14210
Scha'iiiithus
W.
S.
Europe
1805.
D
Jl.au
un 1 iJU
$14211
distr.hyos
fT. two-spiked
S.' Europe
G. H. 1708.
1794. DD gch.gmL3.tS
smooth-spiked
.
iAJ
un
8142-12
miticue
W.
1
au
Jlk "
14213 Uch'muni f. woolly
Sp.524.
CilLORIS. M 23 P* 4 Gramineie.
Jamaica
1779.
D_? VilLirmbilfl
2130. petrie'a
CHLO'IIIS.
il.au Ap
14214
f. W. flat-etalked
Jamaica
17
J I 1.
Ap
Moriu..U.tU
ciliated
LS
pr
W.
Indies
1739.
14215
cilita
au.s
Ap
many-spiked 1 jnjl Ap E India 1777. SS
14216
radita
IV.
bearded
*
ES
pr
IUinois
1808.
D
14217
bartta
If.
$14218 curtipndula f. ehort-apikod pr } jn.au Ap
Sp.Persia
59. ik 1 S SS
2131. SOR'GHUM.
W.c7i. . m clt 3 Grarrtineif.
Ap
14219
India
43 jljljl
Ap
14220 bicolor
vulgre W.W.en.en. two-colored
Indian Millet a clt
Africa
clt 6 jl.au Ap
14221
W. en. W.en. red-eeeded
India 1691. D FLgruf-b.w
14222 rbens
sacchartum
yellow-seeded m Oct
un 3 jl.au Syria
14 halepiwo P.S.
Gramnea.
2132. HOL'CUS. W.cn. S0FT-Ga8S. ti' 1 jn.jl
Efope.79.
g gilSltf
11422* Gryllus R. Sr. purple-flower'd

Britara
a**<LB
23 jl.au
ag
Britain
me.paDVeoM ggbotlKS
gj^rjj
creeping
14225
mllis
W.
jn.jl
ag
Britain
.
meadow
14226
Inntus
W.
53 jn.jl
ag
Oat-like
514227
avcnccus
W.
en.
jn.jl . Amer. 1777. 11D 0
ag
bulbous-rooted
14228
bulbsus
If.
tu.
eweet-sconted 1 ft
14229 odoratus W.
221.
2133. ISCHX'MUM.
sas s ? s *-
14230
14231 aristtura
rugsuin W.W.
tcml
K
iZ," .h-
most ordinary
use infusion
of whiteofhellebore
is .(Ifc.
.i.o. *~r V nigrum
e f"th*V"aot<?
ig
nut-galls.
ner|SeruM&
. and seems
quaiief.
forwE,^r'y-",e'Ut'"lbllm.bu,<1fli-'"
in color,
not to be so strong and
un.san
uMiMhi
. th0
.1 *
ofe
""".man"d
beard. has
A hyperbolical
comparison
ttoJg{
"
f, ' f.
l,eard
âgreeable
smell, withofa an
bops
fb?i
fml>brought overch*nanthus
from Turkev
and M ^"
easSt
ul,4 "'^11
1 1 "wa'
omachi'canddeob.truent.but
it is innowbundles
bole about
used. aAllfootthelong,pro
' bina, an the Vv'i^ ' S|""- *"""nd. and parts of Germany i also into
f'arty
aSdSLhautuo,,^
bSSj!**!
"'Oe
stowsGuinea
commonly
si. feet
high bristles
or moredofcnj^.t
and UM 'J.,,lir,
'" island
^'* !E
2 led
corn.UvetoItsoVripen
long
or I Th ST
""and
onough
theawns
seedsor well
Odd.
I"*,
' I""ra
Uiicne
V*dom
5OU " ver>'",,d"bl"-.
they makc>ood
bread
of it,inorthe^*",,
2
.'Je
splt^,c7hir<>r
foaling
poultry
and
pigeons
;
sometimes
for
kino,
swine,
and
hones.
Broom
an ,
inches
-, cnt cultivated
10 this country
thc same
purpose. TheandIndtaf^S&Atl
it"2
istbe commoh
but it /vPan,c,u,m)In somefor parts
of North'meric.,
has bea m
otbmated.
*W "> <he warmest outuums that It ripen" " 1* 11 S P"**0''' "
cu
0DtK I.
POLYGAMIA MONCIA.
Sill
EttatoS
' >' *
s
Eu*'*
*
owiJ at tese : hermaphrodite le bearded male .talked
bearded
beard. Culm compr.
2 SS San," Sd OhS,fÎ
ubul"> tn
ja a"
ai.
"" si1''
TS!*
~
lanceolate
Leaves
lanceolate rough at edge
fl ill*'
SEA
, seem,
c,t,:lrtto have
ieliantous
pop"' Particulars.
S
the fl^S?*
0'
"! 'Jh
* Smew,
U^tioprUhed
by it,been i ral
liked
mea!- PiK* re vorv f,mT 1- ury 0*' quantity of nutritive
, of the
11)1 wiui eacj
'nebest b,,,
''"1tnat ofanyfromotherlightspecies
PtouKh
. ,n .V'-en
inK thi<
arable lands,genus,
is to being
collect extremely
the roots with
the
"
^^bhtoitthfawttrfX^^ff^?."."^""'.
bemg
soil, the
dry, fork
and alter
tasteWs.
degree
H. biwti
h !' fibroUB.Grew. and
If7.)grows on all soils from the richest to the poorest, but attains to the highest
of
Ptures
ft.ii # w"0n l*rfect
ght moUt
'11
Cattle prefer
almostitanyareother
grassto the
to this;
it is seen in
tlve
matterwith
enn?
leaves, while
the grasses
cropped
ire
cither
iuhn
- cntirV> of mucilage
and sugar
; whilethat
thesurround
nutritive matters
of grasses
mostroots.
likedItsliy nutricattle
"We.
hv
l.,
S.
"i,lme.
Mr.
Sinclair
suggests,
that
this
grass
might
probably
be
made
more
palatable
to
H.
W-narPM.
p,n
.
ovcr
with
lt(H-*Oram
)
Cattle,
ana
S
,
,
i
Vena
elatior
(
binnicus,
Curtis,
and
Host,
is
a
bulky
productive
grass,
eaten
by
horses,
bough later
in ff WPr'Pf
i thnl1
nu,ritioue
tban species,
many other
grasses.
It pushes
rapidly supply
after being
croppedin; and
TheJ,"
many other
produces
an early
and plentiful
ol" herbage
the
I'
ntnti*c
matter
ii wwu,d
"
it to rank ofhigh
as aextractive
grass adapted
for thematters
altrnate
husbandry,
but its
bun,
without
r ct4?tain
too large
a proportion
bitter
and saline
to warrant
ilscultiva.
Permanent
astiir"
'-0
a<,mixtl're
of
different
grasses
;
and
the
same
objection
extends
to
its
culture
for
presentgrasses.
in thecomposition
the best natural
as beforeofmenis boned,
bobtMeaten
ou, in_11 *'"rninon" alwVs
with other
It does not,of however,
constitutepastures,
a largeand,
proponion
the
) 'Thisr,Jf, ai ic.,lcart
of anv
of the more
valuable
havetobeen
mentioned.
Gram
4 l'Ult(oui
i'r't'cuin
|>
the lands.
two
speciesgrasses
eaten that
by dogs
excite
vomiting. {Hort.
One variety
H- odoratu^
' "nd,'S
a ,
* eed-inare,1
arable
rat"f
m
ne
.
Iandfc
iid..i.i
J,"f
}?
rie
of
the
earlit
f.:
CussXXML j POLYGAMIA MONCIA.

82
Hard-Grass.
2134. JE'GILOrS.
,% t Europe I FWl
>1
W. W. W. oval-spiked
long-spiked JB. QO un
un l'jLb A S. Euro,* 1739. S Sh.gr.l
14233 triuncilii
cylindrical
Jk O un
14234
cylndrica W.If.
1 j jnjl Ap Levant 17941 S Sch.p.U?r.
rough-spiked
14235
squarrsa
Cretan
un
mi 1 jnjl Ap Candia 1739 S RgnscU
Iteiia
W.
Sp. 12.
2135. granulans
MANISU'RIS.
Mamsuris. cu 1* Gramnea.
jnjl E. Indies 173*. S HMD.corlt.HS
14237
W. W. round-grained
2136 Crucita
VALANTIA.
Valantia. -* 1} Rubiaccte.
nrit10.iHi ... D Eng.boLl
my.jn Y Sp.S.Britain
14238
W. W. wall
Croiswort
CoLecph-tSI
Europe 1739.
4I my.jl
G
14239
inurlis
W.
S,
Europe
176S. 8SS
my.jl G.Y
14240
hispida
W.W.
bristly
1780.
\\U
G.Y Canaries
PLrar halt I
14241
(ilifrroU
leant
-4
Hungary
14242 Cucullria
pedemontnaW. W. hooled
Piedmont
Levant 1799.
1780. SS ..1
* *my.jn rv
w.i
142+3
Eng. botSI73
Britain
...
fjn.au G.Y
1444 Aparlne IV.
warty-fruited
Galium
verrucsum
E
l.
Egypt
1752.
S
1
jl.au
PLnr.bu.l.l.S
14245 glabra
articulta W.
Jointed
Europe 1731.
I Ijnjl
jLau G. SSiberia
14^46
smooth
-***
1804. DD
14247 spera W.
W.
rough
7SL
2137. PARIETA'RIA. W. Pellitory.tf 1 un II Urtice<e.
Indies wall*.
1790. Dn <* Eng.WW
apmy G Sp. E.Britain
14248
ndica
W. W.
11 jn.e
jn.s
wall
J
w
1424Q
offidnUf
Germany L7& S Sch.hniHUt3fi
Basil-leaved
un
14250
judica
IV.
Pcnsylva.
1831.
SS
O un
14251
pensylvnica
W. Pensylvanian
Bourbon
1700.
1*
1 jn.s
Netlle-ieaved
KU
un
14252
urticiflia
W.
spam
ma
4 jl.au
14*53 polygonodes
lustnica IV. II'. Chickweed-lvd.J:
Armenia 1728. SS
Polygonum-lvd, un
un i jl.au
14254
Cfienopodet. So. 15SI.1640. 2..'-'
2138. A'TKIPLEX. W. tallOrache.
5 jl.au G Spain
- W
Britain mud.e. Eng.
14255
Hlimus FF. IV. dwarfshrubby
22 jl.au
shrubby
14256
portulacodes
S.. Europe
1732. .I. S*!*
jl.au
a.n. ii jI un
glaucous
G.
H
1774.
W251
glauca
W.
SolubUKUlJS
2
n.jl
un
white
S.Siberia
Europe 1739. SS
14258 albicans W.
n jl
OO un
Hose
14259
22Ii jl.au
Siberian
14260 rsea
eibiricaW.If.
Tartary 1783.
1778. SS s. )
jl.au
O un
un
Tart-irian
Tartary
1548.
14261
tatrica
W.
66 Lau
cul
garden
Tartary
IBA
14262 hortnsi
W.
l.au
cul
redgarden
Britain dungh.
san-sh. SS Eng.
rubra .
O ww l^jl.au
frosted
sea
Britain
14263
lacinita
jn.s
Britain
rub. S Eng.
14264
ptula
IV. spreading
narrow-leaved OO ww U{jn.au
England muds.
fields.
14265
angustiflia
au
upright
Britain
42r>6
erecta
W.
I
au.s
England sal.m.
SS Eng. bot IS
Gn *
14267 pedunculate
littorlis . W. pedunculated
Hungary
1800.
S
14268
14S69 microsprma /. small-seeded
2139. hast.it
RHAGO'DIA.
14270
It Br. .
History,
Propagalim,
the, T
""
JEgitop,. From u{ v. a goat,
and x,
W>, the
eye. TheCulMe.
ancient; belfcvKl ' ^ hl
21.34.
,Tad
tle
power
of
curing
a
of
one
^Z!fJ^
^^
SS
gilopslachrymalii. The gilopi ovata is a common Sicilian gran ; when npe, 8 the gn"M
Fistula
who
tye the head< up in bunches, and set them on fire | they burn wiui npnuti.
^ rf
roasting,
which are then
agreeable
food. relaxed, and
.. , botanical
2135. Mamsurh.
Said considered
to be so called,
from ^.x,
taePfC
for iu .nnkl^
grass ; because the spikes are loose, and not compact A curious wsarn v
Linnen in n*1'
JI
Miserable
weeds
of
no
beauty
or
use;
^K%l"'
*> 'Um
a"nd"eelfent
French ^^",^
ofableVj^!
Id4thhavetheViimtra'tirned
employed
his time
in considering
:bIn
ot"
not
iilent
most
worthless
part better
of vegetation
an author
Ithe
annose
mtofoUowe
wari ,
although
mamtot
fc* WJ
a dw[tfd
Nn
m.n
lrle
most
wortniess
pan
oi
vegetauoii
.
ordiniv?*
"f 8iven
to sneerswhenever
of this kind
UmBUi.
S2
inC8rK
ensitiveiieM
he isthan
retorted
upon a similar way,., _
TPm"thi"5s
in hiher degree Weeds
than himself. are commonly found
. d up0
"Slides '
P.2iifa''"upo old wills, or pertt
P'esents ftompor,awll.
some
anonlaiiesiD itswhich
inflorescencemd fructification.
POLIGAMIA H0.VCU.
i rcitors
gI
arrtai
W,w'.
cjtoaml
Chm
-MVISCIU,
0"
0 m II IM
a
Ii,*J
W
Gnmtt
aaaa an
5 !.,) 6t SiraS
g. I,n CrSrfcar
b
la* '':
I Ordbr T.
POLYGAMIA MONCIA.
erect branchai, Sheathi hair,
^hotoraou.
learlca,
i""C. SSf
branchedLeave,
naked cordate
and fruit
f
>Jj*$ j, " Lea 6 ""ear very $ age'
"W
"nd
, btalk and fruit
hiapid
M. W . S J-e>v lanceolate, Stem erect
111. " PuiJTotr
W.
IV * J?." Tf |. -f555? '-*^, Pedunc dich
1111
ritaaa
W.f. '
SftlWeirei / VU |j
j a..u. lunger man flov
a *;
I I /a Arae-i-'On"*
rtlPLd IT. Oik
Baaai
e
aje i
--preadiig, 1^1,?'1^'- - terming a little toothed
>a..
: - IVB'
0
Fl* X
Sali
rjo.
'
0 1 ' I
o Ii"
ft* ?J
0
0',l'
c
0 Ij
J0,l*"","e'^
a*"S'l
864
POLYG AMIA MONOECIA.
2140, TERMINALl A. W. TerminAliA.

14271 Catppa W.
broad-leaved in C or
14272 moluccna W.
Molucca
D or
14273 Chbula W.
oval-leaved
D or
narrow-leaved in D or
2141. FUSA/NUS. L.
14275 compressus L.
Colpoon.
flat-stalked
* Ll un
2142. BRABEJUM. W. ArmicAN-AlMonn.

14276 stelltum Thunb.
common
*L
t2143 A'CER. W.
MA ple.
14277 heterophyllum W. evergreen

14278 tatricum W.
Tartarian
14279 Pseudo-Pltanus
14281 dasycrpum W.
Sycamore
Red or Swamp
Sir C. Wager's
1428% barbtum Ph.
bearded
A4283 saccharinum W.
14284 nigrum Ph.
14285 platanoides W.
S laciniatum
14286 striatum Ph.
Sugar
14280 r(\brum W.
14287 montnum Ph.
black
Norway
cut-leaved
striped-barked
Inountain
14488 campstre iW.

Common
14289 O'palus IV.
Italian
14290 opaliflium Will. Guelder-rose-lv.
14291 monspessulnum W. Montpelier
*
14292 obtustum Kit.
blunt-leaved
Sa
14293 crticum ly,
Cretan
*2144. NEGUNDIUM. Dec. Box-Elder.

$14294 americanum Dec. Ash-leaved
+
2145. CELTIS. W.
14295 austrlis W.
14296 Tournefrti W.
14297 occidentlis J.W.
14298 laevigta IV.

14299 crassifolia W
14300 p(mila Ph.
Nettle Tree.
European
Tournefort's
American
#'
Ioop-Ash
dwarf
Class XXIII
Combretaceae.
...
W.G.
...
W.G.
...
W.G.
...
W.G.
Sp. 4-11.
E. Indies 1778.
E. Indies 1804.
E. Indies 1796
E. Indies 1692.
Santalaceae.
Sp. 1.
20
20
20
20
14
...
G.w C. G. H.
Proteaceae. Sp. 1.
or 15 mrap W
p.1 Jac.ic 1. t. 197

pil
p.1 Rox, cor.2 t 197
pil Jac.vind.3.t-l)
1776. C lip Ber.ca.38 t.1.fi
C. G. H. 1731. C lip Breyn.cent.1.t.I
Acerinear. Sp. 17-30.

my.jn G
Levant
1759.
myjn G
Tartary 1759.
ap.my G
Britain
hed.
ap.my R
N. Amer. 1656.
ap.my G.Y. N. Amer. 1725.
ap.my G
N. Amer. 1812.
ap.my Y
N. Amer. 1735.
ap.my G
N. Amer. 1812.
my.jl G
Europe 1683.
my.jl G
Europe 1683.
myjn G
N. Amer. 1755.
ap.my G
N. Amer. 1750.
myjn G
Britain
hed.
myjn G
Italy
752.
my.jn G
S. France 1823.
my
G
France
1739.
my
G
Hungary 1825.
my.jn G
Levant
1752.
Acerineae. Sp. 1-2.
or 35 ap
G
N. Amer. 1688.
U7maceae. Sp. 9-19.
or 40 my
G
S. Europe 1796.
cu 8
...
G
Levant 1739.
20 ap.my G
N. Amer. 1656.
20 ap.my G
Louisiana ...
20 ap.my G
N. Amer. 1812.
6 my
G
N. Amer. 1812.
or
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
tn
tm
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
S.
C
C
S
4
20
50
20
25
15
40
40
50
30
20
25
25
50
12
8
8
4
S. co
Warb.10 t-1 f.1
L. co
S co
Dend brit. 160

Eng. bot. 303
L. s.l
Mich.arh 2. t. 14
L. s.l
Mich. arb.2. t. 13
S. s.l
S. s.l.
S. s.l.
Mich. arb.2, t. 15
Mich. arb.2.'. If
S co
L. co
Schmarbl. t.3,4
Schm. arb. 1. t. 5
L. co
L. s.l
Mich. arb. 2. t17

Schm. arb.l. t.11
S co
Eng. bot. 304
L. co
L. co
L. co
Traiarc.l.n.13ie
Schm.arb.l. t. 14
L. co Traiarc.l.n.d4 ic
L. co
Schm.arb.l. t. 15
L. s.l
Schmarb.l. t. 12
S co Dend.brit 105
S co Tourn it.2 t +1
L co
L co
C
C
Dend brit. 147

-
Duha. arb. Q. to
... 14273.4:
2140. Terminalia. Because the leaves grow in bunches at the termination of the branches . The species
w in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, with their leaves on, will root in sand closely covered.
2141. Fusanus. "The ancient name of the Euonymus. This plant resembles it in foliage. A little Cape
-
shrub, formerly included in Thesium.
2142. Krabjum. From 3:43.2, a sceptre. The elegant racemes of splendid flowers may well be compared
gi. Acer. A Latin word signifying vigorous or sharp. The wood was formerly manufactured into the
to a sceptre.
heads of pikes and other weapons. The species consist of trees, most of them yielding a saccharine juice from
the trunk, branches, and leaves.
A. Pseudo-Platanus, Plane tree, Scot, grows wild in
Austria, and italy." It is remarkably hardy, and will grow with an erect stem, exposed to the highest winds,
or to the sea-breeze. It is in leaf by the middle of April; and on their first appearance the leaves are of a
pleasant green, but they exude a clammy juice so abundantly, that they attract, a variety of insects, which
soon perforate and disfigure them. The flowers of none of the species are of any beauty. The shade of the
tree
is said to do less damage to pasture than most trees. The timber was formerly much used by the turner,
and is still in repute by the maker and the millwright. In spring and autumn, if the trunk be
pierced, it yields abundance of juice, from which a good wine may be made, or sugar to a certain extent
cured
by wood-work;
evaporation. with
A. rubrum
in swamps
in Pennsylvania,
where,
the ink,
natives
use,
it for almost
:
sorts of
the barkgrows
they dye
a dark blue,
and make a good
black
The
Canadians
top the
tree for the juice, of which they make sugar and treacle. The scarlet flowers of this species come out in
spring
before the leaves;
are without
petals, and to
haveA.not
more than especially
six stamen:
A 'accharinum
bears athey
considerable
resemblance
platanoides,
when young. From this
tree, and probably also from other the inhabitants of North America make a very good sort of ar.
The trees are tapped in February, March, and April, during warm days and frosty nights. The incision is
-
made with an e or auger, or about two inches deep. A spout of sumach or elder is introduced, through
which the sap flows, from four to six weeks, into a trough, whence it is carried daily to a larger rece':
from which it is conveyed after being strained to the boiler. The boiling and refining process is or should be
carried on in the same manner with that for the cane sugar in the West Indies. A tree of an ordinary *
yields in a good season from twenty to thirty gallons of sap, from which are made from five to six pounds of
granulated sugar.
A. Platanoides grows on the mountains of the northern counties of Europe, descending in some places of
Oan ER 1.
865
POLYGAMIA MONOECIA.
14521 Leaves obovate without glands at base blunt obsoletely toothletted: beneatn son with down
14272 Leaves obovate without glands at base blunt entire smooth on each side
14273 Leaves obovate oblong blunt entire smooth on each side. Petioles with 2 glands above
14274 Leaves linear-lanceolate repand downy beneath

14277.
14278
14279
14280
14281
Leaves evergreen entire and 3-lobed obsoletely toothletted smooth on very short stalks
Leaves cordate somewhat cut unequally toothed, Corymbs erect, Fruit smooth
Lvs. cord 5-lobed glauc. and smooth beneath: lobes unequally tooth. Racemes pendulous, Fruit smooth
Lvs. on long stalks subcordate 5-fid smooth glauc. beneath: segm. acuminate cut-toothed, Umbels erect
Lvs. cordate:-fid whitish and smooth beneath: segm acuminate cut-toothed, Fl. in capitate umbels
peduncles branched; female simple

14: Lys shortly 3-lobed serrated smooth on each side: male
14283 Lvs. subcord. acutely 5-lobed downy beneath: lobes : entire, Corymbs before the lvs. loose nodding
14284 Lvs. cordate 5-lobed downy beneath, Corymbs sessile nodding, Fruit smooth
14285 Lvs. cordate b-fid smooth: segm. acuminate cuspidate somewhat toothed, Corymbs nearly erect
dulous. Branch
t"
nches striated
simple lon
Racemes
smooth,
:erec
serrated
beneath,
3-fid acuminate
downy
acute serrated
14286
about 5-lobed
14287 Lvs. cordate
-
142.8 Lvs. cord bluntly 5-lobed shining smth, beneath: lobes nearly ent: Corymbs erect, Wings of fruit divaricat.
14:89 Lvs. on long stalks round coriac, bluntly 5-lob. pale ben.: lobes bluntly tooth. Corymbs erect, Fruitsmth.
142.90 Lvs. cord. 5-lobed glauc. beneath netted; lobes blunt crenate-tooth. Umb. pendul. Pedun. and fruit smooth
142.91 Lvs. annual cordate 3-lobed: lobes nearly entire equal, Corymbs few-flowered erect, Fruit smooth
14: Lvs. cordate slightly and very bluntly 5-lobed downy beneath: lobes repand, Umbels pendulous
14293 Lvs. evergreen tapered at base 3-fid: segments toothletted; lateral shortest, Corymbs few-flowered erect
14294 Leavesternate and pinnate cut serrate, Male flowers corymbose: female racemose
14295 Leaves oblong-lanceolate acumin. finely serrated scabrous above beneath soft with down unequal at base
14296 Leaves ovate acute serrated unequal at base roughish above: younger somewhat cordate
14297 Leaves ovate acuminate serrated unequal at base rough above hairy beneath
14298 Leaves unequally cordate acuminate nearly entire smooth on each side
14:99 Leaves ovate acuminate serrated unequally cordate at base subcoriaceous rough on both sides
14300 Leaves unequal at base ovate acuminate serrated smoothish on each side
14279
Norway to the sea-shore. It abounds in the north of Poland and Lithuania, and is common through Ger
many, Switzerland, and Savoy. On a tolerable soil it attains a large size, and the leaves being smooth and of
a shining green, as large or larger than those of the sycamore, and being seldom eaten or defaced, because the
tree abounds in a sharp milky juice disliked by insects, they have a much better appearance than those of
the sycamore; and in the spring, when the flowers are out, which are of a fine yellow color, this tree has great
beauty. Hanbury observes, that in the autumn the leaves die to a golden yellow color, which produces a
ood effect at that season, when the different tints of the decaying vegetable world are displayed. He says
urther, that it is a quick growing tree arrives at a great bulk, and is one of the best trees for sheltering
habitations. Linnaeus recommends it for sheltering walks and plantations; as yielding a juice from which
sugar may be made, if it be wounded in the winter; and as cutting out into a white smooth wood, fit for the
stocks of guns, the joiner and the turner. Dr. Hunter observes, that it is a quick grower, arrives at a great
bulk, and answers all the purposes of the sycamore; the raising it for use, as well as ornament and variety,
should not be neglected. (Mill. Gard Dict.)
A. striatum has a slender stem, with a smooth bark beautifully varied with green and white stripes, the
of a shining red in winter. The thickness of the shade. the beauty of the bark, and the tree not being
liable to insects, render it very desirable for ornamental plantations; the only objections to it are, that it is
subject to be injured by storms, and that the abundance of its foliage and seeds occasions a great litte: in
#:
autumn.
A. campestre forms a very picturesque little tree, and the timber is said to be far superior to that of the
beech or the sycamore for the purposes of the turner. It is also frequently substituted for that of the holly
and box by the mathematical instrument maker.
A. Opalus is a noble tree, with large and beautiful foliage, throwing an extensive shade; it is much prized
in Italy for planting by avenues and public walks. All the species are easily raised from seed, though the ash
leaved and some other species are occasionally propagated by layers and cuttings; the cuttings should be cut
off at a joint, and, as in the case of most hardy trees and shrubs, they succeed best when planted in the autumn
in a sheltered situation in the open ground.
2144. Negundium. A genus obviously distinguished from Acer by its pinnated leaves. A fine ornamental
tree, called in North America black ash. There is another species in China.
-
2145. Celtis. One of the names anciently given to the Lotus. Tournefort first applied the name to the
modern genus, which may be said to resemble both in fruit and foliage the shrubby Lotus of the ancients.
3 K.
Class .
POLYGAMIA MONCIA.
in
Aria 182a
JT I I oror au.a... GG Jamaica
14301
rinC'iiria
Pers.W, Chinese
. 5'.!ri Plurnac-tSsUt "liai
mooth
14308
micrntha
Jamaica
1791.
... G
J I I or
prickly
143U3 aculeta W.
Sp- S
Jihamne.
pi *11
2146.
GOUA'NIA.
Goijania
Indies 1739.
...... GG .
UXrt
domingcnsieif. if. haw-rtick
E. Indies
1810. .1 Box. cor. 1.1
140U5 UlUefolia
Lime-tree-lvd. J-LJor
LQof
I)LI 1.Lp Ear.air.t71
S147. depauperta
HER'MAS. W.W. hairy
Hermas. iAlen
T.in.ac.p.l4.tilU
143W
lAJ cu S ES 5 . G. H. 179.
14307 gigantea
W.
gigantic
Euphorbium.
15.1823. Lp Horb. tor. I
2148. spin&a
BRIDE'LIA.
Bhidelia. l_l or ! jnjl
Ap E SP.Indies
14308
if- W. prickly
Sa
l
2149. FERO'NIA. Correa. Elephant Apple. ft 40
E Indios 1804. Lp .coli LUI
14309 elcphntum Corr. Indian
1 LJ
.
Sp.
R Lp De.id.bnLl
2150. AILANTU& W. Ailamtus.
au
aU... GG China
E Indies 17M*
1800. sp Ros. . 1. LS
14310 gUndub'-aa W. Chine*
Indian
14311 excelsa W.
Citot.it)'
2151. rsea
CLU'SIA.
Balsam Tree.
jl.au Carolina JOB. r.m
14312
W. Bosc-colored
W S. Amer. Ii52. 1.Pr.m Jacamer^
bOt'TS',.
14313
alba
W.
white-flowered
. "' Y... Jamaica
14314
flava '.W.
yellow-flower
S. Airier. 1759.
1733. r.m .'11
14315 venosa
veiny-leaved d
152. ser!>cnllnum
OPHIO'XYLON.
praiMYl/M..ffl > -~"S
Indies 16 r.m "*'*'
14316
W. W.rcd-rlowcred
' Sp.%13.
p. p.l Botmsg-Wl
Palm.
Sp.
2.
S153. flabelliformls
RHA'Pia 1.ff. creeping.rooted
IlilAPis.
China 1774.
14317
11 or au GG Carolina
176S. pi
14318 MW"*~' f siinple.lcavcd iAI or s
11
Hisory, ffte. trapaefllion. Cullm

(hs ^ r an
C.Theustrali..
sometimes
ealled
thewelotearetree,acquainted
i, '^^"^Z^^
Ld "H^lwood
is
.
of
the
hardest
Willi
;
it
is
also
i
r>
us^
for
> ft,,
forkedpurposes.
branches are
peeled, and
so as to resemble
' f'j".
tural
TheTeaves
havecuta cheerful
light greenrudcolor
; the berries are the sire of a small ., >n
yellow
and then black
oaten byoy birds
children.
M^
iellow
oi.
.....first
""~Slate |fcinm the
me ,spru*^
TJ^rtea
"S
. occideiitalis
bears ; athey
greatareresemblance
lo theand
The . ,,,
roim out la
gwîsl
also the latest in fading ofany of ^^^^^t^SS^ * " *
makers
framesabundance
of their carriages,
in (.V.low-7eam~ng4rco"
some for
yearsthebears
of fruit.or bush : the timber is whitc, ar.0I yield. "
the
.C. aculcata
is
an
inelegant
Utile tree,
with
double
the.mjJof^M.^
^ incrMsed 1
inelegant
with aa drupe
drupe
(
theaculeau
is anIslands
and little
the tree,
neighbouring
continent
All tne spec. . .r .
f ,hc ei^htoei
.inteen1"
H-slast 'n
"I. Gm,. Antoine Gouan was profesor of botany a. Montpellier the ^ , ^4"
lentury, and was a good botanist The species arc
increased by ri|ienc
century,
are incic.
--. - An inconspicuous >*
. M
beat.
.
uy unknown.
2147. Hennas. A name, the meaning wbich is wholly
es,1
Small
bushes
orW
plant
no known Nameil
use ; whence
it isofcalled
dcpaupcrala
.rilr,.t4j muse
muscologist
2148.of Bridnla.
in honor
Professor
lindel, the celebrated
vs
rf lht sac
little
to recommend
2149.beauiy
ft/onin.
Elegantlythem.
named by the classical Correa de _
berra, after
alter Keronia,
r ^ ( the 0,V_|,
| j. fisted.
rrf
This
isis aaH//>Lfm.
noble
timber
tree,
bearing
not "nl.kean
orange
"
The
' 1 W ,
his
noble Indian
Indian
timberfrom
tree,AUanlo,
bearir-tliea fruit
21.50.
Derived
name
one
spec
i
n
tlit
,
.*,ndmr
21.50,
AUaHhu.
Derived
from
AUalo,
It, Adanlhus, is therefore incorrect. A. glaudulosa is a tree which nay be
f(K,t , tei gj,
sumach
; it has
large leaves,
unequally
pinnate, with
J^ôrThe
tree ew "3, ich M"*;
flowers
in a very
tenmnating
pedtcet.
which exhale
disagmable
od;r-rafS;^c?"r^^%7
J
poor few
soil, esjiecially
it beiscalcareous.
Ifglossy
the like
bark satin,
be wounded,
* of,. a ,y.cfynncc il h
The ifofwood
hard, heavy,
. nod bydays.cuttings
the roots.
In general
Ihe trees
bearandonlysurraJiWe
male no
pagaie
male
and
female
flowers,
and
fruit
twice
in
ten
years.
..,.,^
born atofArtois
i_ hose
^ r^
bolh2151.n Ciiuio. So called, in lienor of the celebrated Charles de 1 Bro.
,.tiinorKS
pet*
119.
He
was
one
of
the
most
excellent
botanists
who
ever
lived.
an
lic.niv,
'
J",
i<0
wcalamities.
, cease| will,
the world.
he is nottomove
for Portugal,
hi mentalJ>P"e ^ 'JSfS"* "J
hu ,,
, Butundertook
travelknown
through
s Itteaty-fourth year, a dropdcal complaint, of which he was atterw
POLYGAMIA MONCIA.
Leave* broad
ovate acuminate
serrate
smooth
on eachcordate
tide a base rough above hairy
Leaves
ovate
oblong
aruminate
serrulate
unequally
Lvs. ovate ouL acum. equally cordate
at base
entire obsoletcly
serrated at end smooth.
Leave
ovate
acuminate
bluntly
serrated
smooth
eaves cordate-ovate with glandular serratures roughUh, Racemes terminal downy
867
tern downy,
Leaves
eaves
lanceolate
ovateoblong
woollysessile
abovetoothed
downydowny
beneathbeneath
entire
irubby erect spiny, Leaves ovate entire acute gtabrous
leonly species
aves
with an oddLeaflets
one, Leaflets
aves pinnated
abruptlypinnated,
serratedtoothed at base. Teeth glandular
tves obovate
obovate blunt
blunt veinless,
veinte. Cor
Cor.5-7hexapetalous
as large
ai ascalyx
ivea
petaloustwice
halftwice
as large
large
again
calyx
ves
obovate
blunt
veinless,
Cor.
4-petalous
as
as
calyx
ves obovate blunt veiny, Flowers tetrapetaloua
'"palmate plaited? puu, margins prickly
. ^bee acute platted, Plaits
* Tiondeletia. At the a
Par/iculaZ
nperial
led
led
ândof^^m
which
theSSinTaS
StSum^r
miC
flavor
henee
the
En
iglish
"own of iu 5'he, i??d,in aPP,e. "*th eight
W,th
a
gelatinous
gTt
Iuten.
meridians
onparts,
a globe
globe,
from
9
scarlet ofseed,
V "f?""' those
iltnosVof
of atthe
Ii . and
=. ,
. these
.un
lines,
divides
into eight
disclosing
from
he structure
T.,.,'/^'"'^'"X
the^X.?
d'X,d
parts
pomegranate.
The Itwhole
tree
isrocks,
exceedingly
*tthe
exquisite
piece
of mechanism.
grows
onsulhdent
fte misletoe,
.uum ortake
trees,rootoccasioned
by manner;
birds
scattering
orroots
voiding
the seeds,
whichandnutribeing
hose
of
the
in
same
but
the
not
the
surface
of
the
tree
till
they
find
a
decayed
hole,
or
other
lodgment,
wherein
is
some
small
of this
being
exhausted,a large
a roottreeis discharged
of theknown
hole totilldoitthis
reaches
the
t the
fixesfertility
itself,
and
the
stemtobecomes
Hootsinstead
haveoutofbeen
at forty
.
The and
resin
is used
cure
soresvast
in horses,
and
tallowthefortrunk
boats,is frequently
legant tree,
epiphytical
on other
trees, like
the foregoing;
a
-,aand
supportscolora spreading
head. The
whole
abounds
in aarebalsamic
juice,of ofno agreat
greenbeauty
color,;
brownish
on
being
exposed
to
the
air.
The
flowers
white,
and
scarlet
pulp; the birds are very fond of them, hang over them on the wing, and pluck
hwith
the apulp
adhering.
g all time,
respects
to the
former.forApropagatln*
very good idea
of theandprogrese
*
maya beconsiderable
formet! byresemblance
comparing his
directions
this plant,
those ofof
er sav best way is to have them brought over in tul from the West Indies : accordwell drained,
the soil for rooted plants should be a light
loam,, and
>andbe under
a hand-glass,"
. sandy
.in cases
* eroWs
rrom...X7*nt.
Af.serjient,
and
fui.*,ofwood.
In Ceylon they employ the plant
the
"U
ireety inin aa mixture
mixture
a.'* grows
eeiy
ofwIloam and peat, and may be increased by cuttings m sand
3 1
POLYGAMIA DICIA.
Clam XXIIL
86
DICIA.
SL54. humilis
CHAM.E'ROPS.
W.
.
rbrope
fr-KM-W
1431SI
w.
Dwarf
Fan
Palinl
11
oror 1010 ?'
Gw N.Georgia
Amer. 1731.
1S09.
SkS r.m
14;>2
serrulata
\V.
saw-leaved
J
lAJ
181)1.
r.m
14321
Hystrix
Ph.
Porcupine
lAJ
or
10
GW
Carolina
18
S r.m
Palmet'to W.
smooth-stalkcd 1 iAJ or 20
Ij-guntmobe.
2155. Lriacnthos
OLEDITS'CHTA.
W. Gleditschu.
14323
PA. Honey-locust
Tree*
brachycrpa
inrmis Ph. traooth
14124
curvcd-spincd
14325 monospennalM. Swamp Locust Tree'
China 1812. L p l
1432t hrrida W.
strong-spilled
14327 sinensis P. S.
Chinese
Ugumi,wx. ^'t 1570. S .1 ^P-561
2155 CERATCKNIA. 1St.John's
Tre
Breati; lAI ec 15
14328 Slliqua IV.
Oleines. Sp ^mer. 17S3. G
Tree.
8157. FRAX'INUS. W white
GG N. Amer. 1/23.
tm
2040 my
1432
W.
pu.Roi- fi-^
my
tm
Green
14330 americana
acuminata Lam,
Amr 178-.
7 GG **"
my.jn
GG N.S! Amor.
or
40
Western
black
14331 juglnndiflia W. shining
my.jn
or
30
N.
Amer.
1811.
G
14332
or 20
14333 carolinina
pubescen
W.W. Ited or black
G
Carolina
tm
3030 my
14334 nigra
pannsaDuroi
Vent. cloth-leaved
N.N. Amer.
1823. GG
my
tm
cut-winged
Amer.
1822.
14335
epptera
W.
in
or
SO
N. Amer. 18). GG
Blue
14336 quadrangulta W. broad-fruited
or SO my
N. Amer. 182*.
182*. G
14337 platycrpa expanded
my
or
30
14338
exposa
W.
G N.N. Amer.
my
GG
oror 30
mixed
Amer.
1824.
143,39
mixta
.
....*
my
30
14340
Bosc. pink-veined
powdered
N. Amer.
18
oror 3030 my
14341 pulverulenta
rubicunda Voc.
N.
Amer.
1824.
my GG N. Amer. 1824. GG
14342 longiflia Bosc. long-leaved
GG
oror 3030 my
green
1824.
14343
viridis
Bosc.
my GG N.
ash-colored
N.N. Amer.
Amer.
1823.
14344
cinrea
ifosc.
GG
oror SO30 ap.my
white
Amer.
14345
lba
Bosc
ap.my
G
Hiebard'a
N.N. Amer.
14346
Richnii
*.
ap.my
G
or
SO
ovate
Amer.
1S25.
14347 ovta Bosc.
GG N. Amer. G
oror 3030 ap.my
elliptical
14348
eUiptlca
Bosc.
.my
black-branched
1S23. Gt; oo
14349
nigra
Bote.
ap.my
oror 30SO ap.my GG N.N. Amer.
tibi MUS
Amer.
1822.
14350
Bosc.
rufous
N.
Amer.
... S(i s.l Eng.bot m
14351 fsca
rufa ftwc.
.my
GG Britain woods.
pale
14352
pallida
Bosc.
ap.my
GG
common
14353 excelsior
IV.
ap.my
G
weeping
pndula Hort.
np.my
G
barked
yjaspdea
W.
en.
GG EngVa'nd Norf. G
oror 604 ap.my
curl*d-iv.
alrovrens
P. S. green
ap.m?
14354
verrucosa
Linie.
warted
wjiriw
ap.my
G England woods.
tm 30
1435,5 licterophyll" VaJU. various-leaved
F. simplici/lia W,
o.e.
Cse,ofPropagation,
planu
'. Thi'.
Wordgenus
" History,
consists
by elvmologists
tobe Culture,
synonymous
w*'
moaorn
ornamental
palms, whichwitharcxv^>f<ne liard,Z gm"
acfdc1n,Gool?
JSrtiS
tonor
f
Joh"
G""*
Glediuch,
n.lirc
of
Me
a";"eJ
1753"mi
Hnl.ian?' S*t,!m'
"">"
MIUremarkable.
works, amen*
which his Arrangement
IJ ,a
attains Sehi..isSî?
ore ,hef most
G triacantllos,
the honey locustot
of N,,1<
grow
in CeZTo^J
"
a"1"1 andbutarcT
"raised
flowers and.
ripens its wie in this countr).
SUl'luffJl,,n,taln
generally
"-1 fromfrom
;, a horn, in allusion to the,tag.^.likcp*rf
not" i l";,,
name or th"T3 1'n * '"''1 fc'ula. fr sake o which theyareoften imported '"""/P,",,, J*
name
of
the
free
,
T"*
la,t
"orJ
is
a
>''
alteration,
by
theprefix
of
UJ*"'St*
*
locu.t-tree
of ,^. ""h
l.wrsi.';'
?aern inanno^'P'"'0,;
? ."
Spain,|">
whereolirtheEnKnh
seels are"anl
eaten,Carh-trc
it is called This
SaintisJohn .
, , t
Kusuofonlhwhlch
""T.
P'ife-isor
Martin shoots
oteerv,
inducedandtome
2 *
E
M or thifi r 0a1
Ba,1"1"
led' cre
*e ""der
of plants
thst"*
the ,"'JS%.
"l'l^,he.dd.>th..n.e,iar"b,whe1,ce
it hailpodthemight
namebeoftheSaint
lf "S
"at the shell, of ibe carob
lm<ksJohn's
whichbread.
the pro1*"
daM
Oiuifca il.
POLYGAMIA DICIA.
69
DICIA.
14319
Fronde
palmate
with
(pin?
stalks,
Spathe
simple
\3H0
Fronds
palmate
with
(piny
stalk-.,
Caudex
creeping
Stem creeping,
with verystalks,
long entangled
pricklet,StemFronda
palmate
i\$l-- Fronds
palmate Stalks
with unarmed
Spathes double,
arboreous
1323 Branches spiny, Spines thick triple. Leaflets linear oblong, Pods i
Spines shortsomewhat
thick triple. Leaflets
oblong
blunt, Pods
short
i\ -<j:j- r Trunks
.ranches
LeafletsLeaflets
ovate-oblong.
Podsoblong
1-sceded
spiny, Spinesspiny,
branched,
oval-oblong
W Spines robust alternately branched, Leaflets elliptical smooth
Leaflets quite
stalkedentire
oblongwithshining
acuminate
entirebeneath,
glaucousBuds
beneath,
Buds yellowish
VO Leaflets
long
points
glaucous
tawny
Leafi.
stalked
ovate
opaque
serrated
glaucous
ben.
Axils
of
veins
downy,
Branches
smooth,
Leaflets stalked lanceolate serrulate shining smooth. Branches smooth, Buds
fuscous
3 Leaflets stalked elliptical ovate serrated beneath with the petioles and branchlets downy
I Lts. of3nn. . . .
",c f*"u" ana Drancrilets downy
Buds grey
,pa,rsmoot. Vein. ben. -jtohy, L-* ^-^Sra
jlong acute finely serrt .
9 Ln,
Leave,of3pairsmooth
of8pairsmooth,
subsmuate
BranUie,
oc(le,
0lWesofSpairwithruroushairsbeneath,
above,Leadets
Veins oblong
beneathacute
villous,
Loan.
.
"'11!
toothed
Leaflets
lanceolate
aum
n.J
J4
'
S Leafleu
Ua.es of3
palt smooth, leaflet,
subscssile
ovateserrated
}SS!^SZ^^Sm^Sna*m
somcihatstalked
lanceolate
acuminate
smooth cunate at Dase, ". flat smooth
1i Leavessimpleand
Lean, somewhat sulked
lanceolate
acuminateBuds
serrate
compound
tooth-serrated.
blackem
MM
14355 " 14387

' Jj swine. The tm> l .
""""*
"S %"S^J'P^ TheBrliis, ,0caUv.,rvf
fS "* ,ds "". " I there
Au**,. xiJJ- . .
' | *"d l*"1- and ripened cuttings root in
JuKK^T^ ^hôf^'r'L.-'V'^"
from the
"""ate
. u,e to01 the
lie vorva
!t,11'
' ^SKî^J^^^
,a'd
Class XXIII.
POLYGAMIA DICIA.
870
14356 macrophyla Thouin large-leaved
Levkn
14357
parvifolia W.fV. small-leaved
Aleppo S
1710. GG S WTJUA^
WifcaUlSif.*
14358
Aleppo
18S5.
GG s.1
14359 lentisciflia
argntea Loh. silvery
1800.
14360
sambuciflia
WatcT
G
14361
Bote, W. dwarf
Caucasus
14362 nana
oxycrpa
Caucasian
S. Europe 1815.
1821. GG
oxypltylla W.
i\
narrow-leaved
r.m afl.L0c.Ul.
tfil5a
BIWSIMUM.
W. Bbead Nut.
14363
Alicstrum
r.m
14364 spurium
W. IV. Jamaica
Milkwood
L
S.1.1 MilUctll
SI59. DIOSPY'ROS. W. European
Date Plum.
DeticLbnt-lto
14965
Ltus
W. W. American
14366
virginina
ts.1 Eoxb.wr.].t.41
pubescent
14367
pubescen*
Ph.
wood
14368
L r m Iii).in.acla-L:
Kamauiu'.t-SB
smooth
1436 eylvtica
Elienum W.W.
L r.m BoL,^4*,
14370 Kki W. Pert, JftMB
polj-indrous
X
14371
E
14372
v.discolor W. Lindl. Vacciniuin-likee
r.m
Maboio-fruit
14373
r.m , . . tn
14374
montana
W.IV.
heart-leaved
14375
cordiflia
four-seeded
14376 obovU W.
^'S icol al CnahotLbO
2160. africana
MYRSl'NE.
Mvrsinh.
14377
W, R.Br. round-leaved
African
14378
retsa
W.
CG. H. 1770. Lp
14379 Samara
.
Br. W.
oval-leaved
G. H.- 1783. Lp Jac.vind.Ll71
Samara
pentndra
14380 Siderxylon
melanphleoflmelunphleum
.. Laurel-leaved
W. *
Santalcea 1 Sp.59.
_ . jjch. . 51
TupeLa
2161. NYS'SA. W.
Sour-gum
14381
viUsa W.
W.
oror 10w-,
10 ap.my
e
gIS;
SI
mountain
14382
biflora
... GG S. Amer. 1818. Liil
round-headed
14383
capitata
or 15 ap.my
14384, grandidentata
tomentsaH. 1.. Mich. downy
N.Amer.im Cjl g**f..
or
14385 can'dieans IV. Ogechee lime
N. Amer. 1/3. "
or 20
30
14386 denticulata W. water
"o7 *Amer. 1800. il
2162. olefera
HAMILTO'NIA. Olive-bearing
W. Oil Nut. I i_Jor
14387
PyrulriaW.pbera Mich.
2163. capnsis
LAUROPHYL'LUS.
*G H. Ml- L
14388
W.
CapeIV. Lauhophyllus.
*
14372 I
^^^'îcirbll^.^'coned lea,
..riped ta4^ tart,.
iomrd?MhireThere ar.
,h "r,' Ith*>**.
, I-lU k.own5epeciM
"LLS"
* atoSy'rS.infewre.pecl.duftrMlli'
b
.
"S
ZSS
lUimm
ofthe
rei
""^'i."
,Mdillr
"ereared
cation, of i, all form fine iSS flf f ,hc "". varielie. bygrafting
ofAmericanh, dUlmg"*1
^V^0ofd^bl.7bu?c^^.n^t
Alictrumarecommon
JamaicaJ*
negriS vf The fru,, iXd whh " "'ancho,
more u-eful,in Ine
andawood,
beanyofMUM*f**
Ia* . W rolK?r?r *" of white ri5?" *! P0'11' bf. or pickle, hai bree rcouentl, IhePI"
VcKv
or i,,"0
chea.ut,tondmoati. c.dle.1
bo; 'nd
ûriu"o
i îsofu of gum, which"
",cm dilreeable
cattle hre.d.nul.
at limt, but IT
they l'
x !
ESir^
i,i,n.
Indies hot it, timberI. of little value. In m <*
fo '.":. O-Kikihi'"', Plant h.r f '"1" heavenly fruit. It U been fancied tMt*
""der the M"'a "'"able
"1!1"bear, the'<*
accordingreceived
to ancient mnunew
of date..Aiancs?tr.
""'eh
lor airo
. a finefruit
fruit.metirne.
D. lolui producfromfruitChin.
the "*j"
it 1
0! II.
POLYGAMIA DICIA.
en
bas. oblong .talked acute JS , "'e ,m0ot" '" at i>

i liu.IsblaekUh
a long point
leavei lanccolate-ovate
orate lane eve
"avei
".1
*a|kI ovate
twin axillary, *
Fruit coated
JgJJ^
cor. long cai.

Leave* SS^SKom '""""1 on * * '
obovate .iiSK07 bnt'ath
" UCl"" bl""e*t"
-on.on8ita'
avta oval-oblong
entire
1 coriaceous veiny smooth
1*378
14380
14385
und Miscellaneous
Particulars.
ah**160
'IP8'
,wcet
an(*
somewhat
astringent
;
they
are
recommended
u
a
cure
diarrhoea.
finT fi, ,tc bntlle wood, covered with a dark brown bark. The fruit is in formforandthebigness
like
stfa*
Ata~r. ,ruit'
antl
all"ost a with
eweet,Myrtle.
with a large
kernel.
Tiran
WW
ynonymous
Modern
botanists
have
applied
the
name
to a
mnrt
mfn'o-'ike
shrubs.
1he
specie*
grow
freely
in
loam
and
peat,
and
are
increased
by
young
""a under a hand-glass.
A nilme of nymph, according to Linmcua. The species are large shrubs, which grow freely
Iiflism (V01'1C l,ut
moisture.
denticulate
growsMarshall,
naturallyin inhiswetAmerican
swamps Grove,
in Carolina
and
t0 t,ieprefer
hei8ht
of eightyItN.orproduces
hundredfruit
feet.
describes
i Iii ti,ai"u'arity
a"d beauty.
aboutwhere
the sizeit greatly
and shape
of small
olives,
which
m hy the
French
inhabitants
of
the
Mississipi,
abounds,
and
is
called
'hite and sort wh~f
Misswsipi, where it greatly abounds, and is i the
npact when dry, which renders it
plicated
Mul
of from three
to sixbyfeet.
94*tt
shrub An hybrid
34
Cuss XXIIL
POLYGAMIA DICIA.
S72
1. 1690. S pi JaaaToer. t
Bl'RSEKA. t or 20 Tcrcbinlacc.
tS16i.
BURSE'RA.W. W, Jamaica
... W.o W.So.Indies
14389 gummifera
VmbclUfcTX.
Sp.
1.
A RCTUPUS. J I 1 m 1 my.jn
2165. ARCTOTUa W. rough
G CG. R 1774. D p.1 Bot.reg.7ft5
14390 echintus W.
Araliaceig.
Sp. 416.
Panax.
D s-p Bot mag.
60.
PA'NAX.
w.
Amer. 1740.
Ginseng
35 prir 14i jnmyjn GL.Y N.N. Ainer.
14391 quinnueflium W. lesser
mas.5. L1SS1
IS*
17>9. D e.pi.p Bot
Jac.
ic.
143112
trilolium
W.
14
n
G
China
1773.
prickly
14393
aculetum
R
.
Bot
rep
393
6
au.s
G
Tmate
1800.
n-Dpr
14394 fruticsum W. eliruhby
Urticecc. Sp.47143.
Fio .
Tre. ehret1.7*
2167. Crica
Fl'CUS. W.
Europe 1548.
commun
CD fr 1510 jn.jl... Ap
14395
Brazil
1824.
p Rhee.ml3.ta
red-nerved
a
or
14396
rubrinrvia
Link,
10
...
E.
Indies
1758.
rough-leaved
14397
aqutica
( W. Water-lily-lvd. J I1 oror It) ... E Indies 1759. pi
14398
nymnha-itolia
10
...
Ap
S.
Amer.
1823.
14:>99 crassinrvia W. thick-nerved

Indies 1731. plp.1 Rhee.nial]l3
RhecmaLl.tSS
Ii oror 2525 ap...
14400
K. W. Poplar-leaved
E Indies
1690.
Bengal
14401 religiosa
benghalnsis
10
...
Indict 1822.
1763. p.1p.1 W.ho.re.l.t
vein-leaved
or
14402
vensa
20
...
Ap
S.
Leone
oror 10 ... E. Indies 1//2. p.1
Brass's
14403 Bras^n Sabine
leathery-leaved
^ 0
14404
1820. p.lp.1
oror 1010 ...... Ap

144(i5 coricea
lasiophyllaW.Lin*. woolly-leaved
E Indies
1763.
rib-leaved
14406
costta
Ff.
JO
...
E.
Indies
1772.
shining-leaved J f(~~)or
I or 6 ... C. G. H. 1825. ppi SloajamltK!
14407
14408 lcida
oblongataW. Link. oblong-leaved
10 ...
Ap E.W.Indies
Indies 17<
1759. p.l Rhce.aul.S.U'*
round-fruited
14409
martiniensis
Wt
11 ororor 156 ...... Ap
14410
infectria IK. Link. veiny
1763.
superstitious
14411 supcrstitiaa
6
...
Ap
&
Amer.
1778. pJ PluUltnU"
Willow-leaved I
14412
periuneulta
'V. elm-leaved
Phillipin. 1S1A
oror 4G ...... Ap
pi **"*
14413
ulmiflia
W.
Ap
CG.
H.
heart-leaved
*
l
|
or
14414
cordata W. P.S. large-leaved I I or 14 ... Ap N. HolL 1802.
... pip.1
14415
inacrophy"lla
4
...
Ap
1R2I.
* i1 JI oror 4 ... Ap N. Holl. 1822. pi Vcti.rn.ilm.tll*
14416
Link. blunt
doubtful
14417 obtusata
Mun'tia Link.
6 mr.jn Ap
14418
austrlis
W.
N.S.W.
E. Indies 1789.
1815. p.1
im
t Ii [or
I or SOSO ......" Ap
14419 elstica lio*.
Guinea 1819. p.lp.
emall-fruited
ted
$
I
I
or
14420
microerpa
foA
44 ...... Ap
1823.
*i_Jor
ciliated
14421
cilioli'isa
Link.
Ap China
1771- pi KanTLnii.t**
t-t~- i_|or
trailing
14422
stipulta
W.
1 my.jn
... Ap
China
1759.
I
,
I
or
dwarf
14423
pmila
W.
p.1
15
Ap
Society
I.
793.
or
Otaheite
14-424
tinctria
W.
4
...
Ap
Brazil
1823. pi llhei'.maLl.t-85
CTior
Brazilian
14425 brasilinsis Link. oval-leaved
E. Indies 1757.
aor 103 Z...
14426
beiijmina
IK
A> S.. Amer.
G. H. 1780.
1824.
14427 LichtensteiniLinA-. Lichtenstein's
... Ap
Ap
Pp.1 Hooted"
Qoror 68 mr.jn
Laurel-leaved **
14428
iertsa
W.
E Indies
1786.
1;."^-1
glossy-leaved
14429
nitida
W.
30
...
Indies
1/59.
Banyan
Tree
pi
1443
Indica
W.
12fi ..... Ap
W.Amer.
1812.
i* a
or
poplar-leaved
14431
popul'nea
W.
Indies 1823.
polished
14432
Indies
175. Jp.1 Rhee.miU
or
oror 42 ......
clustered
14-133 bevigta
racemsa Fahl,
W
E Indies
1793.
blunt-leaved
14434
retisa
W.
i
Ad
E.
Indies
1805. p.pi
creeping-stem, CD
14435 rpcns
*
14456
pndulaW.Link. pendulous TQor * ::: aI
NM
1
History, U*. Prepaealitm, CU*rc.

mi
8164 atSknm.
So calledHeafter1. Joachim
liurscr.left behind
diîplehim
nnd an1""!^.,,^
tty-H; QuV*
*
bouny
Sara,
in
Naples
raid
to
have
Wj
balaamic
gummifera is a large tree with a tine leafy head, and abound, m oP the me v
becomes
insiiissateil by frxponure
to the air. The
heSonth
rootAmerica,
is saia
said JOtowho1"P^'?JS.
jt^Kffireu.
Ahmicigo. pbnt
., ., mTheraoO
iK-coines
^êMr<l
Hedges areiiiEiiis.4.-iteil
mafic of it bycxjmjsu
the Sji
,. An inconspicuous jpro:^ly o ~ ^ 1 '
POLTGAMIA DIGSCIA
.
POLYGAMIA DICIA.
I W, Irntli
J-"
14->4-' lacumes axillary, leaves pinnated with an tx!d one, :
\W. myti
AWM lije lull"
tW*>L
1" 1S90 Leave, prickly With stellate ,
_1 * *994
. ta 1*3
14391 Stem
Stem
herbaceous.
qunate,
Leafl.
serrated
1 5a5
4 *
M LT *!"w
Leaves
tmate
qunate,Cluster!
Leafl. ovate
oblong
Une.
serrated
1*
Leave*herbaceous,
tenate : theLeaves
uppertmate
near theoror flowers
simple,acuminate
Petioles
and branches
mtty
i
Hm
Ijl
fi
*
m
Leave*
supradMomuouridtoothl-ciliated,
Stem
shrubl)y
prickly
Ebbs aSir (u Tn*
_
frfBef. %We- A . w* 14396
5 Leaves
Leaves ovate
cordatewith
S-lobed
: lobes very
bluntsmooth
rough above downy beneath
a shortrepand-toothed
point ncttl beneath
I 98 Leaves
Leaves oblong
..Uobed
and sinuat! entire
rough
on each side
cordateoblong
roundish
glabrous
t^ Ii39 Leaves ovate
entiremucronate
acute bluntentire
at base
smoothglaucous beneath
'\ L 14401
H400 Leaves
Leaves ovate
subcordate
ovate
with
very
long
points
entire very blunt rounded a
[t* 144U2 ^'
m5 ^^^-^.
"arrowed
at base core:
4 El*
*
" i ( - <*
11S leaves

'""'''""nt.re
nervedcrenate
shininghairy on
"
ovate-oblong
bluntly serrate
.Milling
14417 Leaves
Leaves ellipL
oval acute
serrat!
rough
above
rl~j
'"""
aoove soft
sort beneath
uoneatli
14418
entir
nm~i
-*
14419
Leaves
smootli
teiS'Mi'
"own
1
leaves
oblong
rate
blunt
smooth,
Fruit
tiin
obose sessile
1441 Leaves oblong
S
I-*av
ovate
blunt
entire
cordate
unequal
a
ate bluntish
^*
Stci
11j I-caves
1-*ave obliquely
0Vfltc
beneathal base, Stipules membranous twin persistent,
ovateentire
blunt nettedUP4l
..
144,
Leaves
broad
lane,
with
a
short
point
tapered
at
base
shining
very
smooth
nett!
beneath
1445 Lrs. cllipt obi. ent narrow, at liasebluntly acum. at end with tine parallel veins; dottl with i
iS i*avcs
cordate
lane, rpand
tooth!
obtuse
downy
Leaves obi.
acuminate
entirevery
narrowed
at base
aboutbeneath
3-nerved with parallel veins
144'.>y
obovate
entire with
shortatpoints
Htaj LssffsM
Leaves ovate
acuminate
entire acute
base and fine parallel veins shining smooth
SB
withovate
shortacuminate
points entire
144J2 Leaves obi.
cordate
veinysmooth
very smooth, Fruit stalked globose smooth.
liS
oblong-lanc
acute
quite
entireBranchlt'U
somewhat furrowed
narrowed at base 3-nerved veiny dotted benei
V*5"01
\**ve*
olwvate
entire
blunt
smooth,
Leave*
cordate
ovate
acute
serrated
unequal
at
base
scabrous above hairy beneath, Stem cree,
14436 Leave* oblong acuminate tapered at base, Branches pendulous
Particulars.
PhysKS', M edyand
for Miscellaneous
eonsum, ition and
other diBeages.
Jartoux
relates, that
''
"fin
iTTS
"
powers
HtifilMl
ofol this
plant, assortir
?'**, , str'nX ' ."" ? uodj' or 1
min".
ui"*"
p.tuito'u.
ind, that powcre
it11 dissolves
pituitous
humoh.
iE"'1,'"01.
?'"*.
promote,
apetite,
.tops
om.t.ng,
remove,
" 111
theth ,li,"Uol
, , " "'L'' ""
i"""" ''* a'"1
V|80
t0" ol bodyAfter
evenall,inourextreme
old aj
,
1
P'oof
of
V
J
"I
as
Wmachie.
pojikUaT
"le
""'?*
, S?*
,,:,""-". '""8
nueng iniurlWTnd'tia't"
, ur.,in-, ami that ,ro.
Iron, lu MUlbU
oualitic. itit seems
. tit,
ffi
poS'L,"a
..
qualities
"S**
-'-a hand-glass
H* eil in light rieh .... i tile others grow in l
ths "m
. ' flc"-'-^tSJ
It Tlit f.is"^,W"
bi 8 nat
'S n;'"|-v
"an?",e
iTlHI*
G*
""*'.
oc"tion
OliMt
the"'"'
derivation ofot this word isis;; hut in most lani
Itfu&V/*"' nB?ex'"n
m Celtio trees or shrubs,
in Teutonic
/e.^.in&l.vo,
tries,
i? turbinate,
( 'iA;011
! -oft,
V, "'j .hollow
J c 4"
abounding
V*
F. Carie.'"!'^
l,
te,
ir i"
within."e All
the sneeies are
ZXSL inra mill
and jfct% Itaf,,
14437 myrtiflia Link.

14438 aspera W.
14+39
CLAss XXIII
POLY GAMIA DICECIA.
874
Jy.
Myrtle-leaved a m or 4 ... Ap
rough-leaved a J or 3 mr.jn Ap
opposite-leaved a [E] or 4 ... Ap
...... 1824. C. p.l

N. Holl. 1807. C. p.1
Arbutus-leav'd * D or
*u- or
Cape
...... 1825. C. p.l

C. G. H. 1816. C p.l
E. Indies 1802. C. p.1 Roxb.cor-2.t-124
scbra P. S.
14440 arbutiflia Link.

14441 capnsis W.
3
4
...
...
Ap
Ap
the south of Europe. In these countries the fruit green and dried forms an important part of the food
of the inhabitants. In this country it is cultivated as a fruit tree, but not generally or extensively.
It is only in very warm situations that it will ripen its fruit in the open air, even though trained against
a wall; though there are one or two exceptions in Sussex on the sea-coast, where it ripens its fruit on stand
ards. The only certain mode, however, is to grow it in houses built on purpose. No tree is more robust or
more prolific. Even plants in pots or tubs kept in a temperature adapted for the orange-tree will fruit
freely, and ripen two crops a year. Kept in the temperature of the pine apple, Mr. Knight has proved, that
the fig will go on growing and ripening fruit without intermission. A variety of curious and important
matter respecting this tree will be found in the Transactions of the Horticultural Society, and in the
CLAss XXIV. - CRYPTOGAMIA.
Sexual organs hidden; either imperfect, or not existing.

This class differs essentially from all the preceding in the peculiar conformation of the organs of reproduc
tion, which are not formed of make and female parts, like those of the higher classes of plants, but are of a nature
altogether different, consisting either of buds under a particular form, or of vessels containing vegetable sub
stances analogous to seeds, but differing in not being the result of impregnation, and in having the power of
striking root indifferently from any point of their surface. The internal composition of these vegetable sub
stances, which are denominated sporules, is, on account of their extreme minuteness, unknown. willdenow
describes Cryptogamous plants to be vegetables without any visible flower, and differing from other plants in
their external characters, in which respect they also differ from each other. By more modern botanists they
are said to be distinguished from other plants by the absence of lymphatic vessels, and of pores of the epider
mis; but the latter character has been disputed, and neither apply to the three first orders of Crypto:
gamia. For the purposes of this work, which follows the system of Linnaeus, the definition, if it can be *
called, of Willdenow is most applicable. In the arrangement of the orders of Cryptogamia, it has been found
advisable to adhere to the divisions of modern writers, who, by extensive observations, and great powers of
perception, have brought this most abstruse part of botany to a considerable degree of perfection.
The orders which are here adopted, are
I. FilicEs... Reproductive organs uniform. Thecae naked, or covered by an involucre, placed on the back
of a frond, which is either foliaceous, or contracted in such a way as only to cover the clusters of thecae, and
always circinate when young.
II. EquiseTACEF. Reproductive organs uniform, in terminal spikes, composed of peltate, several-sided scales,
producing on their under surface 4-7 elongated involucres containing the seeds. Branches whorled, rigid.
III. LycopodiNE E Reproductive organs axillary, sometimes apparently spiked. Thecae? of two kinds,
the one containing granules, the other larger bodies. Stems covered with many small leaves.
IV. MARsiLEAcki. Reproductive organs radical, uniform. Sporules? contained in roundish, one or many
-
celled indehiscent heads.
Plants simple, aquatic.
V. Muscl. Reproductive organs of two kinds. Thecae many-seeded, solitary, furnished with an operculum
and columella.
Plants leafy.
Vi. Hepatics Reproductive organs of two kinds. 1st. Thecae without an operculum, either naked of
sessile, or furnished with a veil, through which they are, more or less, protruded. Sporules naked, or mixed
with spiral threads. 2d. Minute, roundish, or oblong bodies variously situated. Plants frondose, of a cellular
structure, not submersed.
vii. ALG E. Reproductive organs of two kinds. 1st. Thecae or tubercles variously situated. 2d Sporules
or granules naked, or immersed in the frond.
Plants always aquatic,

and submersed.
in receptacles of various forms, dis
Sporules deposited
VIII. Lichenes Reproductive organs uniform.
tinct in substance from the thallus, which is either pulverulent, crustaceous, membranous, foliaceous, of
branched and shrub-like.
IX. Fungi. Reproductive organs uniform. Sporules arranged in tubular cells, placed in some part of the
-
external surface. Substance various, mostly thick and fleshy, sometimes vesicular. Thallus none...,
A few other divisions, such as Hypoxyla, &c., which have been proposed by some writers of authority, not
having
appeared to possess character' of sufficient importance, are here merged in others.
in onsequence of the wide difference which exists between the lower orders of vegetables and the higher,
and the impossibility of subjecting the former to cultivation, it has been found requisite, with the exception
-
POLY GAMIA DICRCIA.
ORnER II.
s75
14437 Leaves oblong acute subcordate at base netted beneath
14438 leaves ovate unequal-sided sinuate-toothed cordate at base rough on each side
144.39 Leaves opp. obovate oblong serrated acute scabrous above hairy beneath
14440 Leaves oblong acuminate blunt tapered at base netted beneath, Stipules scarious smooth
14441 Leaves ovate-oblong acute sinuate toothed smooth
pedia of Gardening (; 5268.) F. elastica as well as some other plants produce the gum known as India
rubber.
f indica is an immense tree, spreading very wide, the branches ash-colored, and throwing down roots into the
soil. Marsden mentions one of these growing near Memgee, twenty miles west of Patna, in Bengal, which
was in diameter 370 feet; the circumference of the shadow at noon was 1116 feet, and there were fifty or sixty
stems. It is called the priest's tree, and held in so much veneration by the Gentoos, that if any one cuts or
lops off a branch, he is looked upon with as great abhorrence as if he had broken a cow's leg. T. religiosa is
so called, because it is sacred to the idol Vishnu. The horizontal branches root into the soil like the other;
all the species are of remarkably easy culture, and root easily from large cuttings.
of Filices and their nearest allies, to introduce some alterations into the form of the pages of this work. These
alterations commence with Musci.
The orders of Cryptogamia being equal in importance to the classes of flowering plants, they will be treated
of as the classes have hitherto been treated. Each order will, therefore, stand by itself, and will have its
genera and species arranged under it, without immediate connection with any other order.
Order 1.
FiliCEs.
Reproductive organs uniform, Thecae naked, or having an involucre placed on the back of a frond, which is either
Joliaceous, or contracted so as only to cover the clusters of thecae, and always circinate when young.
This is the most beautiful of all the orders of Cryptogamic plants, and has always been a favorite tribe, to
which the most celebrated botanists of all modern times have given their attention. Till some time, however,
after the death of Linnaeus, ferns shared the fate of all other departments of botany, being viewed rather as ob
jects of elegant form than of scientific examination. Sir James Edward Smith was the first author who
attempted to distribute them into genera, by characters derived from a minute inspection of their organs of re
production; and his arrangement, however imperfect it may now be considered, is certainly that upon the
principles of which the more precise divisions of recent authors have becn Frederick
effected. He was succeeded by
Kaulfuss, Professor of
Swartz, Willdenow, Brown, and many others, and lastly by Dr. George
:
Halle, whose arrangement of 1824 is chiefly here adopted as being the most recent which has been
1-nox
":
principal distinction which exists between ferns and other orders of Cryptogamous plants is found in the
situation of what are called their sori, or patches of reproductive organs, which are in all cases inserted upon
the back surface of the leaf, or, as it is called in ferns, the frond, sometimes appearing only in the form of little
ts, sometimes covering the whole of the under side of the frond, and sometimes contracting the substance
of the frond, so as to give it the appearance of a single mass of fructification, bursting in a determinate
manner, as in Ophioglossum, Schizaea, &c. Besides this character, the fronds are always rolled up in a circin
ate manner when they are first developed.
That part of the frond which occupies the place of the petiole of a compound leaf is called the rachis...The
ups of thecae forming the organs ofreproduction are called sori (a), which are either naked or covered with an
involucrum, or, as it is more frequently termed, indusium. (b) This latter organ, when present, either bursts out
wardly towards the margin of the frond, or inwardly towards the midrib or rachis. It may also be either single
that there is a cover on each side the sorus. The bodies which are called
or double; the latter term
':
thecae by some authors, and capsules by others, are constructed in two-ways; they are either surrounded
876
CLAss XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
by an elastic furrowed ring, when they are called Annulate (c), or they are destitute of such a ring, in which
case they are termed Erannulatae (d). They contain the minute powdery matter, which is that by which ferns
are reproduced; the constituent parts of this matter are called sporules (e), and are analogous to seeds in
more perfect plants.
Tribe I.
POLYPODIACEAE.
Theca 1-celled, with an articulated, elastical, longitudinal ring, bursting across in an irregular manner.
2168, Polybotrya. Thecae closely covering the whole surface of the pinnules of an altered frond. Indusiumn
none.
2169. Acrostichum. Thecae scattered, occupying all the lower surface of the frond, or a part of it. Indusium
mone.
2170. Hemionitis. Thecae seated on the reticulated veins of the frond.

2171.
amma. Thecae seated on the forked veins of the frond.
Indusium none.
Indusium none.
2172. Meniscium. Sori linear, lunulate, somewhat parallel, placed across the spaces between the veins of the
fronds.
2173.
2174.
2175.
2176.
Indusium none.
Xiphopteris. Sori oblong, oblique, placed on the reflexed points of the frond. Indusium none.
Ceterach. Sori linear, transverse, concealed under paleae. Indusium none.
Polypodium. Sori in little round scattered convex spots. Indusium none.
Tacnitis. Sorus linear, longitudinal, placed between the midrib and margin of the frond under the end.
lndusium none.
2177. Nothochlaena. Sori almost marginal, continuous, covered by the scales, setae, or hairs of the frond.
Indusium mone.
2178. Onoclea.
Sori globose, inserted upon columnar receptacles, inclosed within the berry-like pinnules.
Indusium double: common placed on the edge of the pinnule, and united into the form of a berry; proper
membranous enwrapping the sori.
2179 Struthiopteris. Sori linear, crossing, inserted upon crested receptacles, included in a double row within
the somewhat articulated pinnae. Indusium double: common marginal opening inwards in a rugged manner;
proper membranous, and resembling a partition.
2180. Allosorus. Sori placed on transverse forked veins of spike-like pinnules, finally becoming confluent.
Common indusium very narrow, arising from the revolute margin which is rolled inwards.
2181. Ellebocarpus. Thecae globose, irregularly attached to the longitudinal veins of the frond. Indusium
transparent, discolored, arising from the revolute edge of the frond, continuous, and opening by a longitudinal
suture.
2182, Lomarit. Sori linear, continuous, occupying the surface of the linear pinnae of a particular frond.
Indusium marginal or submarginal, conniving, involute.
2183. Blechnum. Sori linear, continuous, (sometimes interrupted) contiguous to the midrib. Indusium
membranous, superficial, continuous, opening inwards.
2184, Woodwardia. Sori oblong, distinct, in rows, parallel, contiguous to the midrib. Indusium membranous,
superficial, vaulted, opening inwards.
185 Doodia. Sori lunulate, distinct, parallel with the midrib. Indusium membranous, superficial, flat,
separating inwardly.
2186. Asplenium. Soli linear, placed upon lateral veins. Indusium membranous, flat, separating inwardly.
2187. Allantodia. Sori oblong, oblique with respect to the midrib. Indusium membranous, vaulted, cylin
drical, adhering to a vein, opening inwards, finally spreading outwards.
2188. Scolopendrium. Sori linear, oblique, opposite, double, parallel. Indusia membranous, opening in
opposite pairs.
2189. Diplazium. Sori linear, double alongside the veins. Indusia double, narrow, placed between the sori,
fixed lengthwise by the middle, with their exterior margin separate.
i
#."
Sori continuous, linear, marginal. Indusium from the inflexed edge of the frond, opening
nWar
*
POLYPO DIACEAE.
2168. POLYBO'TRY A. H. & B. PolyBorry A.
14442 cervina Kaulf.
hart's-tongue # [A] or
Sp. 1-17.
; ap.my Br
Jamaica 1823. D lp Petiv filt.8 f$
2168. Polybotrya. So called in allusion to the numerous bunches of the fertile divisions of its frond; from
rows, many, and Borv, a bunch. , Handsome species of West Indian and South American ferns. The genera
of
fernsin are
notnotes,
very which
dissimilar
in habit,
so thatconsist
it willchiefly
be seldom
thatetymology
any remarks
upon
that subject
will be
found
these
must
necessarily
of the
of the
names.
The medical
Properties are probably the same in all the genera; such as appear of any consequence are, however, inserted
in the proper places. We will here take occasion to remark, # the cultivation of ferns is nearly the same in
all cases, and that the soil best adapted for their growth is light peaty earth with a little loam. They are
P"Pagated by division of the roots, or by seeds or sporules. The latter plan has been practised at Liverpool,
- -
CLAss XXIV.
# #"
sta
CRYPTOG AMIA.
877
Sori solitary, continuous, linear, marginal or submarginal, immersed.
Indusium double,
Cla
192. Lonchitis. Sori lunate, marginal, placed under the recesses of the frond. Indusium from the margin
of the frond, inflexed, opening inwards.
219.3. Antrophyum. Sori linear, continuous, immersed in the reticulated veins of the frond. Indusium
double, opening in the middle
2194. Adiantum. Sori inserted into the indusium, linear, contiguous, or roundish. Indusium marginal, open
ing inwards, either nearly continuous, or squamiform, or reniform.
# Cheilanthes. Sori dot-like, separate, marginal in the recess of the indusium. Indusium either reflexed
crenules of the frond, or squamiform, membranous, and arising from the margin, or nearly continuous, opening
inwards.
2196. Davallia. Sori roundish, nearly terminal and marginal, distinct. Indusium superficial, attached
inwards, and opening outwards.
2197 Dicksonia. Sori dot-like, marginal, solitary in the recesses of the frond. Indusia membranous, nearly
globose, marginal, adnate, opening unequally with lacerated orifices, and spreading back in all directions.
2198. Balantium. Sori oblong-linear, nearly terminal and marginal, transverse. Indusium.coriaceous, reni
form, 2-valved, opening outwards: upper valve marginal, patera-shaped; lower nearly flat.
21.99. Aspidium. Sori roundish, scattered. Indusium solitary, orbicular, peltate, or reniform.
2200. Woodsia. Sori dot-like, scattered. Indusium membranous, placed under the sori, somewhat patera
sha
and ciliated.
1. Cyathea. Sori globose, scattered, inserted #" an elevated receptacle, which arises from a division of
the vein. Indusium spherical, opening in the middle, and finally becoming patera-shaped.
2202. Trichomanes. Sori marginal, inserted upon a long setaceous
Indusium erect,
2,203. Hymenophyllum. Sori marginal, inserted upon a claviform receptacle. Indusium erect, 2-valved.
Tribe II.
ate
OSMUNDACEAE.
Thecae without a ring, netted, pellucid, with radiating strie upon their top, bursting lengthwise on one side.
2204. Todea. Sori oblong, seated upon forked veins of an unchanged frond. Thecae globose, stalked, netted,
opening from their base as high as a pellucid dorsal projection. Indusium none.
2205. Osmunda. Sori nearly globose, alternately arising from the margin of a frond, which becomes changed
into a panicle. Thecae globose, stalked, netted, opening from their base as high as a pellucid dorsal projection.
Indusium none.
2206. Lygodium. Thecae oblong-ovate, striated at the end in a radiate manner, seated in two rows upon
1-sided marginal spikelets, fixed by their backs and opening lengthwise in front. Indusium funnel-shaped,
covering up each capsule.
2207. Anemia. Thecae ovate, striated at the top in a radiated manner, disposed in compound unilateral
spikes, attached by the base, and opening lengthwise. Indusium none.

Taine iii.
OPHIOGLOSSEAE.
Thecae 1-celled, adnate at base, roundish, coriaceous, opaque, twithout a ring, not vascular, sometimes fastened
together, half-bivalved.
2208. Botrychium. Thecae naked, globose, distinct, attached to the rachis of a compound spike, half2-valved,
opening nearly at one side.
2209. Ophioglossum. Thecae naked, connate in a distichous jointed spike, half 2-valved, opening at the
e.
2210. Marattia. Sori oval, somewhat marginal. Thecae united in a double row, opening inwards by a cleft.
Indusium arched, opening lengthwise above, 2-valved, inclosing ou each side a row of thecae.
POLYPO DIACEAf.
14442 Ster. fronds pinnat. Pinn. ov. lanc. ent margin. Fert. fr. bipinn. Pinnae lin. Pinnul obl. flatt. runn, together
by Mr. H. Shepherd, with so much success, that his method has been made the subject of a communication to
the Horticultural Society, of which the following is an extract. Having provided a common garden-pot
four and a half inches in
' and three and a half wide, let the bottom part,
to the height of one inch, be
filled with fragments of broken pots, by way of drain. Over these should be spread a stratum of such soil as
is commonly used for potting greenhouse plants, of the tlepth of two inches; the remaining inch and half
should be filled with brown loamy earth '' through a hair-sieve, the surface being made perfectly smooth,
and on this the seeds are to be scattered as evenly as possible. Care must be taken that the wind be not suf.
fered to blow the seeds away, leaving nothing but empty capsules. The seeds being sown, no other covering is
878
CLAss XXIV,
CRYPTOG AMIA.
2169. ACROSTICHUM. L. AcRosticht'M.

Sp. 5-42.
14443 simplex W.
simple
y: [Z\] or 1 ...
Br
14444 crinitum W.
hairy
ic [A] or
+ ...
Br
14445 alcicrne W.
Elk's-horn
y: LA] cu
au.o Br
14446 sorbifolium W.
Sorbus-leaved AL LAN or 1: ...
Br
14447 aureum L.
golden
to [ZN or 4 au
Br
2170. HEMIONITIS. L. HeMioNitis.
Sp. 1-5.
14448 palmta L.
palmated
it [Z\lel
# jn.au Br
2171. GYMNOGRAMMA. Desv. GYMNoGRAMMA.
Sp. 6-26.
14449 pedatum Kaulf.
pedate
y: A pr, jnjl Br
14450 riifum Desv.
rusty-haired
a [Z\lpr a jn.au Br
Hemionitis rfa. W.
14451 trifolitum Desv. three-leaved y: [ZN or 1 jl.au Br
14452 sulph Greum Desv. sulphury
* [A] el 1 jn.jl
Br
14453 tartreum Desv,
whitened
iz [A] el 1 au
Br
Jamaica 1793.
W. Indies 1793.
N. S. W. 1808.
W. Indies 1793.
W. Indies 1815.
D
D
R
D
D
1.p
lp
sp
1.p
lp
Bot. cab. 709

Pium. fil. t. 125
Bot reg. 269-3
Plum fil. t. 117
Pium. fil. t. 104
W. Indies 1793. D lp Hook. ex. fl. 33
N. Spain 1822. D lp Swsynfilt 1.f3

Jamaica 1793. D lp Schk fil. t. 17.2
Jamaica 1810. D lp Plum. fil. t. 144
Jamaica 1808. D lp Schku.crypt.t.4
W. Indies 1817. D lp
Flemionitis dealbata W.
14454 calomlanos Kaulf: mealy
y: [A] el
1 jl.au
Br
W. Indies 1790. D. s.p W. hort. ber 41
Acrostichum calomelanos W.
2172. MENISCIUM. Schreb,

14455 reticultum Schr.
MENIsciuM.
Sp. 1-6.
y: [Z\] el
netted
# ap.my Br
2173. XIPHOPTERIS. Kaulf. Sword-FERN.

Sp. 1-2.
14456 serrulta Kaulf,
serrulate
Y: [Z\] pr:jn.jl Br
Martinico 1793. D Lp Plum fil. t. 110

W. Indies 1823. D lp Schku.crypt t?
Grammitis serrulata W.
2174. CETERACH. JW
14457 officinrum W.
14459 lycopodioides W.
14460 phyllitidis W.
14461 Lingua W.
14462 aireum W.
14463 vulgre W.
A cmbricum
14464 virginianum W.
14465 pectintum W.
14466 aspleniflium W.
14467 incnum W.
y: A m
Common
2175. POLYPODIUM. L.
14458 piloselloides W.
Polypody.
*... [Z\] or
Club-moss
*... [Z\] or
Hart's-tongue ic [Z\] or
tongue-leaved a la or
golden
y: [A] or
Common
SY A or
Welsh
A cu
Virginian
sy A or
Mouse-ear
comb-leaved
+ myo
Br
Sp. 27-160.
4 au
Br
jl
Br
jn.s
Br
1 my.jl Br
3 mrap Br
1 myo Br
1 my..o Br
1 jl
Br
Britain callro. D 1.p Eng bot. 1244

W. Indies 1793.
W. Indies 1793.
W. Indies 1793.
China
1817.
W. Indies 1742.
Britain sha.ba.
Britain
...
N. Amer. ...,
D lp
D 1.p
Sks.p
D 1.p
Sksp
D 1.p
D 1.p
D lp
Plum fil. t. 118

Schk. fil. t. 8 ep
Plum. fil. t. 130
Thunb. jap. t.38
Plum fil. t. 76
Eng bot. 1149
Bolt fil. t. 9...f5.a
Plum fil. t. 77
a DX] or
14 jn.s
Br
W. Indies 1793. Sks.p Bot. cab. 748
Spleenwort-lvd.): [Z\] or
hoary
A or
A or
[Z\] or
[A] or
A or
2 jl
* jl
jn.jl
jl
2 s
3 m
1 jn.s
rigid-branched Sy A, or
thick-leaved [A] or
; jl
3 aus
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Martinico 1790.
N. Amer. 1811.
Britain moun.
N. Amer. 1811.
Jamaica 1793.
Jamaica 1769.
Britain moi.pl.
Britain callro.
Br
W. Indies 1823. D lp Plum fil. t. 123
14468 Phegpteris W.
Sun-fern
14469 hexagonpterum W. triangular
14470 pruintum W.
white-leaved
14471 effusum W.
spreading
14472 Dryopteris W.
tender-branch.
14473 calcreum W.
14474 crassiflium W.
Sp. 1-4.
CETERACH.
#A
3.
y:
y:
St
or
Sks.p
D lp
D lp
D Lp
D 1.p
Sks.p
D 1.p
D 1.p
Plum.filt-102A
Schk. fil. t. 11. b
Eng, bot. 2224
Pluk.al. t.284 f2
Slojam.1.t57.f3
Eng bot. 616
Eng, bot: 1525
required than a bell-glass, which should just fit within the rim of the pot, so as to exclude all air. The pot is
then to be kept in a pan always half full of water, and set in a shady part of the stove or hot-house, being
always
regularly
watered
asair,
above
Whenpiece
theofyoung
have
acquired
their at
second
leaf, it
is
proper to
give them
a little
by directed.
placing a small
wood plants
under the
edge
of the glass,
one side.
In a
short time afterwards the glass may entirely be removed.
The vegetation of ferns appears to be less tardy than botanists have supposed. Specimens of Gymnogramma
tartareum having been brought from Jamaica to Liverpool, on the tenth of July 1817, a few seeds were brushed
of them and sown immediately. Several plants thus obtained perfected seeds by the fifth of August l',
which being committed to the earth, had produced young plants, covering the surface like a fine m', by the
eighth of September following. Specimens of Pteriscretica, and another marked Pteris acrostichoides, from Wil.
liam Jackson Hooker, Esq., afforded seeds which have vegetated and produced very fine plants of both species.
Dr. William Carey sent from Serampore specimens of giganteum, and what appear: to be a new
Diplazium. These reached Liverpool, July the tenth 1818; their seeds being immediately sown, had pr:
young plants by the eighth of September. A small fern from Sicily: with several others of this tribe, collected
in the . by William Swainson, Jun., Esq., afforded ripe ceeds, which being sown in the spring of 1818, had
rtly vegetated, and in September nad produced Polypodum decumamum, as well as Gymnogram" calome
|'' Ir, shepherd obtained two plants of the latter from seeds brushed from the specimens, in the Herba
rium
of Dr. John Reinhold Forster, now belonging to the botanic garden at Liverpool, and perhaps fifty year:
old. d # ade the experiments on other ferns in that collection, but without success, which, indeed, is not
wonderful.
The seeds of this order of plants are of course liable to damage from damp or other accidents, like those of
plants in general. It seems, moreover, that they are very soon shed by the bursting of their capsules, so that
ORD. I. TRIBE I.
FILICES POLYPODIACEAE.
879
14443 Fronds lanceolate tapered each way smooth: fertile linear lanceolate, Stalks very short naked
14444. Fronds elliptical obtuse at each end hairy villous at the edges, Stalk villous
14445 Ster. fronds renif somew. lobed entire horizontal : fert erect palmate dichotom. bearing fr. on lanc. segm.
14446 Fronds pinnated: pinn. lanc. acumin. serr. cuneate at base, Fert pinn. ; pinn. linear entire, Stem climbing
14447 Fronds pinnated: pinn. altern. obl.lanceolate ent cuneate and equal at base, all acum.: the upper fertile
14448 Fronds cordate 5-lobed toothed ciliated, Stalk long
14449 Fronds pinnate: pinnae pinnatifid acuminate hairy
14450 Fronds pinnate: pinnae oblong acutish subcordate subserrate on each side as well as the stalk hairy
14451 Fronds pinnate: pinnae ternate in pairs and solitary stalked lin, crenul.; fertile yellow with meal beneath
14452 Fronds bipinnate: pinnulae pinnatifid; segm. cuneate truncate at end toothletted yell, with meal beneath
14453. Fronds bipinnate: upper pinn. confluent obl. obt. serrul.; lower somew, pinnatif white with meal beneath
14454 Fronds bipinnate: pinn. lanc. white with meal beneath; lower pinnatifidauricled at base, upper confluent
14455 Fronds pinn.: pinn. lanc acuminate cuneate at base all repand: lower opposite, Stem none
14456 Fronds linear toothed when fructifying entire at the end, Stem filiform ascending simple
14457 Fronds pinnatifid: segm. oblong obtuse chaffy with entire paleae beneath
14458 Fronds hairy: sterile oblong ovate entire; fertile lanceolate, Sori solit. Stem filiform rooting chaffy
14459 Fronds lanceolate entire smooth, Sori solitary, Stem filiform creeping with bristly paleae
14460 Fronds lanceolate margined acute tapered at base smooth, Sori in two rows
14461 Fronds oblong obtuse entire smooth above rusty with down beneath, Sori contiguous copious
14.462 Fronds deeply pinnatifid glaucous: segm. lanc. acuminate entire, Lower sori scattered; upper solitary
14463 Fronds decply pinnatifid: segm. lin. lanc. blunt crenul contig.: upper smaller by degrees, Sori solitary
14464 Fronds deeply pinnatifid: segm. lanc. blunt entire contig., upp. smaller by degrees, Sori solit. Stalk naked
14465 Fronds deeply pinnatifid: segm lanc. acute entire parallel smooth; upper and lower smallest, Sori solitary
14466 Fronds pinnatifid hairy: segments half ovate blunt, Sori solitary
14467 Fronds deeply pinnatifid: segm altern lin. ent obt: ; upper smaller by d
ben. as well as stalk chaffy
14468 Fronds bipinnatif :2 lower pinnae defl.; segm. lin-lanc. bluntent. ciliat. Veins hairy, Sori solit. marginal
14469 Fronds downy and ciliated bipinnatifid, Membranes connecting the opposite pinnae oblong hexagonal
14470 Fronds 4-pinn. Branches and branchlets lanc. Pinnae lanc. pinnatifid, Segm. ovate acute glaucous beneath
14471 Fronds 3-pinn. ; pinnulae pinnatif.; segm lin. serrat. acute, Rachis edged naked, Sori solit. Stalk smooth
14472 Fronds ternate bipinnate spreading deflexed: segments blunt nearly entire, Sori marginal, Root filiform
14473 Fronds ternate bipinnate straight rigid: segments bluntish nearly entire, Sori marginal confluent
14474 Fronds oblong smooth entire margined acute at each end. Sori in rows
14462
14463
tney are more likely to be found in such specimens as are just beginning to turn brown in their fructification,
than in others more advanced.
2169. Acrostichum. Said to be formed from the words azeof razor, the commencement of a verse, and to
nave been so called because the reverse of their leaves indicates traces of lines, resembling the beginning of
lines of poetry. These are fine, chiefly tropical, ferns, one of which, A. aureum, sometimes grows to the
height of five or six feet.
2170. Hemionitis. Said by Dioscorides to be so called from the resemblance of its nature to that of a mule,
*; it was always considered sterile, bearing neither flowers nor fruit.
2171. Gymnogramma. Named by Desvaux from Yuuver, nak
and zeauwa, writing, in allusion to the
disposition of the naked sori upon the forked veins of the frond, whence they seem to resemble Roman letters.
The species have been separated from Hemionitis and Acrostichum.
2172. Meniscium. From w, the moon; the sori are crescent-shaped. These ferns are remarkable for the
arrangement of their veins. The little veins which unite the transverse veins of the sterile frond are usually
at right angles, and generally united with each other by a little branch which sets off from one or other of
their angles. In the fertile fronds the veins on which the sori are placed are either curved or straight.
2173. Xiphopteris. Divided from Grammtis by Kaultuss, who seems to have named it from titor, a sword,
and arriev, a fern, on account of the sword-like form of their fronds.
2174. Ceterach. The name employed by the Arabian and Persian physicians for this plant was Chetherak.
Gazoph. Ling. Pers. p.377.) They employed the plant in obstructions of the viscera, for the jaundice, and
or disorders of the spleen.
2175. Polypodium. From roxve, many, and ree re?or, a foot, on account of the multitude of the roots which
form close entangled patches. Many of the species of this genus are noble plants. They are mostly epipnytic
880
CLAss XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
14475 decumnum W.
tall
14476 fraxiniflium W.
14477 lanceoltum W.
ash-leaved
lanceolate
red
14478 phymatdes W.
14479 querciflium W.
14480 rpens W.
14481 serpens W.
"14482 taenisum W.
14483 pertsum
14484 crentum W.
2176. TAENITIS. Swz.
14485 lanceolta Kau(f,
y: [A] el
y: [Z\] el
y: [A] or
Y: [A] or
oak-leaved
creeping
gliding
jointed
5 au
2 au
1 au
Br
Br
Brazil
1818. D lp
Caraccas 1817. D lp Jacq. ic. t. 639
W. Indies 1812, D Lp Plum fil. t. 137
jn.au Br
E. Indies 1823. D lp Plu. phyt44.f5
y: [A] or 1* s
#, [A] pr
my.jn
*... [Z\] pr. ; my.jn
*... [A] pr2 my.jn
#, CA, pr
jad
y: [Z\] prl? au
bored
crenate
Be
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Sp. 1-5.
$n [Z\] pr1 au
Br
TAENitis.
lanceolate
2177. NOTHOCHLENA. R. Br.

14486 lanuginsa Desv
woolly
Nothochl-ENA.
E. Indies 1824.
W. Indies 1810.
W. Indies 1816.
S. Amer. 1815.
China
1821.
Jamaica 1823.
D
D
D
D
lp Rumph. 6. t.36
lp Plum fil. t. 134
1.p Plum. fil 121
lp
D lp Hook. ex fl. 162

D 1.p
W. Indies 1818. D 1.p Plum. fil. t. 132
Sp. 1-16.
x LA, or
# au.s
Br
Madeira 1778. R. s.p Desf.atl.2 t 256
Sy A or
A or
Sp. 2.
13 au
1 jl
Br
Br
Virginia 1799. D lp Schk fil. t. 102

N. Amer. 1812. D 1.p Schk. fil. t. 103
Br
Br
Europe 1760. D lp Schk. fil. t. 105

N. Amer. 1812. D 1.p Schk. fil. t. 111
Br
Britain
Acrstichum vel'leum W.
2178. ONOCLEA. L.
14487 sensibilis W.
ONocleA.
sensitive
14488 obtusilobta Schk.
obtuse-lobed
2179. STRUTHIOPTERIS. W. STRUThiopt ER.13.

Russian
sy A or
14489 germnica W.
14490 pensylvnica W.
Onoclea-like
Y. A or
2180 ALLOSORUS. Bernh. Allosomus.

14491 crispus Bernh.
curled
sk. A cu
Pteris crispa L.
2181. ELLOBOCAR/PUS. Kaulf.
14492 olerceus Kaulf,
eatable
2182. LOMARIA. W.
Pop-FERN.
y: [Z\] or
LoMAnia.
Sp. 2.
2 jl.au
2 au
Sp. 1.
i.jl.au
Sp. 1-2.
13 au
Br
Sp. 120.
2 jn.jl
Br
14493 longiflia Kauf

long-leaved
2183. BLECH*NUM. L. BlechNUM.
*... [Z\] or
14494 boreale W.
14495 austrle W.
14496 occidentle W.
3. A prl # j
if u/\] pr
mr.s
iz [A] pr
mr.s
northern
Cape
American
Tranqueb. 1818. D lp Plu.alm.t.215.f3

W. Indies 1810. D 1.p Pl.fil.t.117 dextr
Sp. 3-29.
2184, WOODWARDIA. Sm. Woodwarnia.

14497 rdicans W.
rooting-leaved a LA] or
14498 virginica Ph.
Virginian
St A or
2185. DOODIA. R. Br.
sto, hi. D lp Eng. bot. 1160
Br
Br
Br
Britain
hea. D lp Eng bot. 1159
C. G. H. 1691. R sp Schk, filt.110 b
S. Amer. 1777. R sp Jac.ic. 3. t. 644
Sp. 2-7.
13 s
Br
Madeira 1779. R sp Schk fil. t. 112
1 aus
N. Amer. 1774. D lp Plu.alm.t.179f2
Br
Sp. 1-3.
Doopla.
14499 aspera R.Br.

rough-stalked LA primr.s Br
2186. ASPLE/NIUM. L. SpleENwort.
Sp.27-117.
14500 fontnum R. Br.
smooth rock
# jm.au Br
Aspidium fontnum E. B.
14501 Filix-foe"mina R.Br. female
2 jns
Br
14502 Adintum-nigrum W. black
Br
14503 montnum W.
mountain
Br
14504 lanceoltum W.
lanceolate
Br
14505 fragrans W.
fragrant
Br
14506 Ruta-murria W. Wall-rue
Br
N. S. W. 1808. R sp
England w.&r. D lp Eng bot. 2024
Britain w.sh.pl.
Britain sha.pl,
N. Amer. 1812.
England rocks.
D
D
D
D
Lp Eng bot. 1459

lp Eng bot. 1950
lp
1.p Eng. bot 240
Jamaica 1793. D lp Plu alm.t.282 f1

Britain
14486
sh.roc. D 1.p
Eng-bot. 150
14487
fift
upon trees. Polypodium vulgare is sometimes burnt for the sake of its ashes, which contain a large proportion
of carbonate of potash, which is employed in the fusion of flint for some kinds of glass ware.
2176 remitis." From the resemblance of the interrupted line of sori to the tarnia or tape-worm.
losed
Nothochlaena.
*322,
spurious,
and xxaria,
cloak.
becauseAthe
soriextra
are 'y Mr
in21:
a genuine
indusium, From
but are
covered
over by athe
paleaeSo
ofcalled
the frond.
genus
Mr.
wn from the ancient Acrostichum.
": '
... --li
A name given by Dioscorides, Pliny, and Galen, to a Boragineous plant,and :
by the moderns to a genus of ferns.
# has so called from the delicacy of its
frond, whichi
impatient of injury as to perish with almost the least violence.
# from *kov.3%, an ostrich, and rvii, a fern, on account.of the similarity
between its fine fronds and the feathers of an ostrich. A genus divided from Osmunda by willdenow, drr'
2180. Allosorus. From 2xxos, various, and sorus; a name contrived by Bernhardi, in a paper printed in Schrader's
------
Journal,
we presume in allusion
to the
different
states
of theenclosed
sori at different
periods.
A curious
2181. Eliobocarpus.
Named by
Kaulfuss,
from
X,
in a pod,
and x****,
fruit,littler'ck."
in allusion tn
the pod-like form of the divisons of the fronds on which the sori are placed.
ORD. I. TRIBE I.
881
14475 Fronds deeply pinnatifid glaucous: segments lanceolate acuminate repand serrate, Sori in rows
14476 Fronds pinnate, Leaflets lanceolate acuminate repand wavy distant
14477 Fronds lanceolate entire smooth or somewhat scaly rigid erect, Sori solitary
14478 Fronds simple 3-lobed and pinnatifid: segments lanceolate acuminate opposite, Soriscattered immersed
14479 Sterile fronds sessile ovate sinuated: fertile pinnatifid; segments lanceolate
14480 Fronds on a creeping stem lanceolate acuminate entire sublucid with flexuous veins, Sori scattered
14481 Sterile fronds oblong entire: fertile linear lanceolate repand, Sori solitary, Stem paleaceous rooting
14482 Fronds linear lanceolate much tapered at the base somewhat repand quite smooth, Sori scattered
14.483 Ster. fronds obl.lanc. taper at base: fert lin-lanc. bear sori on upp. half, Sori oval immers. in dense wool
14484 Fronds pinnate, Pinn somewhat stalked oblong acuminate coarsely and bluntly serrated, Sori in rows
14485 Fronds simple lanceolate acute at each end nearly entire fructifying at end
14486 Fronds bipinnate woolly: pinnules elliptical obtuse covered all over with long wool
14487 Pinnae lanceolate acute cut toothed: pinnules and rachis smooth
14488 Pinnae pinnatifid with rounded lobes: pinnules villous, Rachis scaly
14489 Sterile fronds bipinnatifid: segments entire acute equal
14490 Sterile fronds bipinnatifid: segments entire obtuse; lower long acute
14491 Fronds supradecompound, Pinnae alternate roundish cut
14492 Alternate pinnae pinnulate on the upper-side linear: lower 2-parted

14493 Sterile pinnae long-lanceolate acuminate cuneate at base repand-toothed: fertile linear
14494. Fronds pinnated smooth, Pinnae linear bluntish entire nearly equal at base
14495 Fronds pinnated, Pinnae linear-lanceolate mucronate auricled at base scabrous at edge
14496 Fronds pinnated, Lower pinnae opposite lanceolate entire subcordate at base: upper alternate united
14407 Fronds pinnate-pinnatifid:
ents lanceolate acuminate somewhat repand finely serrulate
14498 Fronds very smooth pinnate, Pinnae sessile lanceolate pinnatifid, Segments oblong blunt crenulate
14499 Fronds lanceolate pinnatifid: segm. linear ensiform acuminate spinulose, Sori lanceolate in two rows
14500 Fronds pinn. : pinnae cordate pinnatifid; segm. ovate rather acute, lower and terminal usually 3-lobed
14501 Fronds bipinn. ; pinnules obl.lanc. cut serrated: serratures 2 or 3-toothed nearly acute, Sori obl. straight
14502 Fronds bipinn. : pinnae obl. lanc. acute; pinnules oblong pinnatifid cut, Sori becoming confluent
1450.3 Fronds bipinn. : pinnules pinnatifid; segments 3 or 2-toothed
14504 Fronds bipinn. : pinnules obovate blunt cuneate at base acutely toothed at end, Sori becoming confluent
14605 Fronds bipinn. : pinnules oblong acute at each end serrated at end: upper confluent
1406 Fronds alternately decompound: pinnae rhomboid cuneiform spreading bitten at end
2182, Lomaria. From xanua, an edge, on account of the marginal position of the indusia. These are fine
nts. resembling Acrostichum in habit.
Pl: one of the Greek names of the fern was 8xxxvow. Athenaeus writes it 8Aaxvor, and derives
it #
m xas,
#
powerless,''
insipid.by Sir James Smith, after his friend Thomas Jenkinson Woodward, Esq., a #
-
actical English botanist. One of the species produces little hai bulbs at the axillae of the leaves, w nich
either fall off and strike root in the ground, or vegetate while attached to the parent plant. This property is
common to many other ferns, and in one instance, the young plants so produced have been mistaken in Pteris
nuta for parasites by an acute cryptogamic botanist.
ce: . So in Samuel Doody, a London apothecary, who was almost the first investi
tor of British cryptogamie plants. Small rough-leaved ferns of rigid texture.
2186. #'" 2, privative, and rra", the spleen.
This plant was formerly held to be a
-
sovereign remedy for all diseases of this organ, and to be so powerful as even to destroy it if employed
excess.
3 L
in
---------
. Class XXIV
CRYPTOGAMIA.
882
14507 praemrsum W.
snip-leaved
14508 stritum W.
striated
14509 rhizphorum W.
root-bearing
y:
y:
if
SY
St.
[A] el
* au
Br
[A] prl jn.au Br
[Z\] pr1 au
Br
green
A pr: Jn.s
Br
14510 viride W.
A pri jl
Br
14511 melanocatilon Ph. black-stalked
Maiden-hair
A pri myo Br
14512 Trichmanes W.
14513 alternifolium Sm.
A cu
jn.o
Br
ebony-stalked Y. A or
is
Br
14514 ebneum Ph.
14515 monnthemum W. one-flowered
to LA cu 1 jl
Br
14516 Nidus W.
Bird's Nest
y: [A] el 2 au
Br
14517 marinum W.
sea
A or
# jn.o
Br
A el 1 jn.jl
Br
14518 angustiflium W. narrow-leaved
sy A or
jn.o
Br
14519 septentrionle W. forked
jn.jl
Br
14520 rhizophyllum W. rooting-leaved 3. A cu
14521 serrtum W.
saw-leaved
* [A] pr. 1: ...
Br
split
y: [A] or 14 au
Br
14522 bisctum Swz.
ygmy
y: [A] pr
jn.jl
Br
14523 ptimilum W.
amia-leaved to AJ cu 14 Jn.s
Br
14524 zamiaeflium W.
acute
if u\, or 2 ap.my Br
14525 actum W.
14526 palmtum W.
palmate
y: LA] or
# au.s
Br
2187. ALLANTODIA. R. Br. AllANTodi.A.
Sp. 2-3.
axillary
w: LA] or 2 jn.s
Br
14527 axillris Kaulf.
14528 umbrsa R.Br.
Madeira
y: LA or 4 jn.s
Br
Polypodium umbrsum H. K.
2188. SCOLOPENDRIUM. Smith. HART's Tongue. Sp. 1.
common
y: A cu 14 jl.au Br
14529 officinrum Swz.
13 crispum
curled-leaved to a cu
jl.au
Br
undultum
wave-leaved
to A cu 14.jl.au
Br
multifidum
clustered
y: A cu
jLau
Br
5 runtosurn
branching
ift. A cu l' jl.au
Br
2189 DIPLA'ZIUM. Swz. Dipl.AziuM.
Sp. 2-13.
large-leaved
[Z\] or 2 au
Br
14530 grandiflium W.
C or 10 au
Br
14531 auriculatum Kaulf. auricled
'va:
'
''
2190 PTERIS. L.
14532 longifolia W.
14533 grandiflia W.
14534 serrulta W.
14535 atropurprea W.
14536 arguta W.
14537 aculeta IV.
14538 esculnta Swz.
14539 caudta W.
BRAKE.
long-leaved
large-leaved
various-leaved
purple
sharp-notched
prickly-stemm.
esculent
American
14540 aquilina W.
14541 podophylla W.
Common
14542 crtica W.
14543 hastta W.
Candian
hastate
pedated
14544 palmta IV.

palmate
14545 pedata W.
Plumier's
14546 Plumiri Link.
2191. WITTA'RIA. Sm. WittARIA.
'
14547 lineata JV.
2192. LONCHITIS L.
linear-leaved
y:
to
2
-Y
Sp. 15-37.
jls
Br
au
Br
[Z\] or 2
[Z\] or 2
LAN pr1; au.s
A pr
au.s
u\l el
au.s
* D or 10 au.s
y: LA or 3 aus
A pr2 sid
A or 3 jl.au
y: [A] prl! jn.jl
y: UAJ cu 1 jl.au
y: LA] or 2 jl.s
y: [A] or
a jn.au
Sy A or
jl.au
y: [A] or
jl
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Jamaica 1793.
W. Indies 1793.
Jamaica 1793.
Britain al roc.
N. Amer. 1812.
Britain sh.roc.
Scotland
...
N. Amer. 1779.
C. G. H. 1790.
E. Indies 1820.
Britain rocks.
N. Amer. 1812.
Britain
rocks.
N. Amer. 1680.
W. Indies 1793.
Jamaica 1821.
W. Indies 1823.
Caraccas 1820.
Teneriffe 1818.
Plu.alm. t.T.S. f.5
Plum.fil. t.18, 19
Slja I.t-29,30th
Eng. bot.2257
Eng bot. 576

Eng. bot. 253
Schk. fil. t. 73
Smithined t. 73
Breyn cent.t.09
Eng.bot. 392
Schk.fil. t. 67.69
Eng: bot. 1017

Pluk.al. t. 105.f3
Schk. fil. t. 64
Plum-filt-66. A
.
Bot. cab.868
S. Europe 1816.
Madeira
Madeira
Britain
Britain
Britain
Britain
Britain
1779.
1779.
Schk, filt.6l
Eng. bot. 1150
m.s.pl.
-
Jamaica 1793.
Caraccas 1820.
W. Indies 1770.
W. Indies 1793.
India
1770.
N. Amer. 1770.
Madeira 1778.
W. Indies 1793.
N. S. W. 1815.
N. Amer. 1777.
Britain hea..w.
Jamaica 1793.
Candia
1820.
C. G. H. 1823.
Caraccas 1821.
Virginia
##
Plu phyt948, f1
Plu.phyt:248 fl
}
J.sch.3.t-300,400
Schk, fil. t. 89
Schk. fil. t. 91
Schk filt. 101
Plu.alm.t-200.f.2
Plum filt 5.et11
Lain.hol.2 t .244
Jac.ie. 3. t 645
i|
Eng, bot. 1679

Brow.jam.89.t.1
Schku.crypt too
Pl, phytt 403.f5
Plum fil. t. 152
1820.
S. Amer. 1818.
Sp. 1-10.
[Z\] cu 2 au
Br
Sp. 1-5.
14548 hirsuta W.
hairy
y: [ZNJ pr1 jm.s
Br
Sp. I-5.
2193 ANTROPHYUM. Kaulf: ANTRoPHYUM.
y. A or
Br
14549 lanceoltum Kaulf. spear-leaved
Hemionitis lanceoluti L.
America 1793. D lp Schk-filt. 10l.b.
LoNchitis.
#.
W. Indies 1793.
D lp Schk fil. t.86
W. Indies 1793.
D 1.p Schk fil. t. 6
|2
*! |Aft
N: 14510
2187. Allantodia. So named from 2xxx, ror, a sausage, or sort of small pudding, to which the cylindrical
arched indusia bear considerable resemblance.
2188. Scolopendrium. On the lower surface of the fronds of this plant are to be seen little marks which
bear a likeness to the insect called Scolopendra. It is probable that the supposed varieties of this plant are
One of them has been ascertained not to alter in being raised from seed.
2189 Diplazium.
forms a small tree. From Biraris, double; the indusia are double. Handsome ferns of large size; one
-
distincts ecies.
2190. Pteris.
s. The Greeks call
ferns in general by this name, because they generally resemble plumes,
****, in their light and divided ed
appearance. Pteris aquilina is the common brake, well known as an excellent
covert for game, and for serving for many household purposes in the north of England it is used as litter for
-
ORD. I. TRIBE I.
883
14307 Fronds pinnated: pinnae cuneate ovate acute deeply pinnatifid, segments lanc, cuneate unequally toothed
14308 Fronds pinnated: pinnae stalked oblong acuminate pinnatif.; segm. obl. obt, sharply serrat. Sori parallel
14509 Fronds pinnated: pinnae ovate repand somew. , term. remote small entire, Fronds rooting at end
14510 Fronds pinnated: pinnae alternate elliptical roundish crenate, Rachis flattened beneath
14311 Fronds pinnated: pinnae roundish blunt crenated cuneate at base, Stalk discolored
14512. Fronds pinnated: pinnae ovate-roundish crenate, Rachis shining keeled beneath
14513 Fronds pinnated: pinnae alternate cuneiform erect eroded at end
14514. Fronds pinnated: pinnae sessile lanceolate serrulate cordate at base auricled upwards
14515. Fronds pinnated: pinnae lanceolate blunt equally and bluntly serrated, Sorus one on each pinna
14516 Fronds broad-lanceolate subsessile, Sori very near parallel contiguous to the midrib
14517 Fronds pinnated: pinnae ovate oblique serrated obtuse unequal at base cuneate
14518 Frondspinnat.: pinnae altern., upp. usually opp. lin-lanc. subrepand truncat. at base above rounded below
14519 Frondspinnated trifid: pinnae alternate linear torn at end
14520 Fronds lanceol. stalked rather crenate auricled cordate at base at the end very long linear-filiform rooting
14321. Fronds lanceolate on short stalks acuminate serrated tapered at base and entire, Sori contiguous parallel
14522. Fronds pinnate: pinnae lanceolate taper-pointed at end pinnatifid; segments bifid, Stalk shining glabrous
1452.3 Frondsternate: middle leaflet pinnatifid; lateral 3-parted toothed
14524. Fronds pinnated: pinnae obl.lanceolate acuminate coriaceous serrated at end tapered at base, Stalk chaffy
14.325 Fronds 3 pinnated : pinnae oblong lanceolate with very long points, Sori becoming confluent
14526 Frond 5-lobed cordate, Three middle lobes acuminate
14527 Fronds bipinnate: pinnules oblong pinnatifid; segments lanceolate finely bidentate, Sorus solit. at base
14528 Fronds 3-pinnate: pinnules lanceolate decurrent cut serrated, Sori contiguous finally becoming confluent
14529 Frond simple cordate-lingulate smooth beneath
14530. Fronds pinnat.: pinnae lanc. serrat. at end truncate at base above rounded and somew. wedge-shaped below
14531 Frondspinnat.: pinnae lanc. coarsely toothed; teeth rounded serrated at end tapered and finely toothed
14532 Fronds pinnated: pinnae linear auricled cordate at base serrulate, Stalk and rachis paleaceous hairy
14.533. Fronds pinnated: pinnae oblong lanceol. on short stalks entire cuneate at base, Stalk and rachis smooth
14534 Fronds pinnated: pinnae lin. decurrent; lower 3-parted, Sterile acutely serrated: fertile ent serrul at end
14333 Fronds decompound; lower bipinnate; pinnules lanceol. retuse at base, terminal longer, Stalk pubescent
14556 Fronds bipinnatifid, Lower branches twin 2-partite below, Pinnules lanceolate subfalcate sharply serrated
14537 Fronds supradecompound: pinnae broad-lanceolate pinnatifid, Stem and branches prickly
14538 Fronds tripinnate: pinnules linear decurrent downy beneath; those at the end longest, Rachis smooth
14539 Frond 3-parted, Branches bipinnate, Pinnules linear elongated blunt entire: lower bipinnatifid
14540 Frond 3-parted, Branches bipinn. Pinnules lin. lanc.: upper undivided; lower pinnatif. Segm. obl. blunt
14541 Frond pedate, Branches pinnate, Pinnules obl.lanceolate acumin. pinnatifid, Segm. oblong acute serrated
14542 Fronds pinnat.: pinnaelanc. acum. on short stalks tapered and serrated at base; lowest 2-parted or ternate
14543 Fronds bipinn. : pinnules somew, stalked ovate-lanc. blunt crenulate; lower hastate 3-lobed, Stalk smooth
14544 Fronds deeply 5-lobed palmate, Lobes pinnatifid: segments linear lanceolate acumin. Recesses rounded
14545 Fronds deeply 5-lobed palmate, Lobes pinnatifid: segments linear lanceolate acute, Recesses acute
14546 Pinnae opposite pinnatifid, Nerve above a little strigose, Pinnules lanceolate blunt entire, Petiole smooth
14547 Fronds linear very long pendulous, Sori solitary within the margin
14.548 Fronds bipinnate hairy: pinnae pinnatifid acuminate; segments blunt, Stalk and rachis villous
14549 Fronds linear-lanceolate tapered at each end ribbed, Sori reticulated
14535
>
14547
14540
|--
---
cattle, and very

for the purpose of thatching cottages. The ashes are employed in the manufactory
of soap and glass. Its astringent quality has recommended it in dressing and preparing kid or chamois leather.
The country people take it medicinally to destroy worms, and a bed made of the green plant is esteemed a
sovereign cure for the rickets in children.
2191. Wittaria. From vitta, a ribband, on account of the narrow ribband-like appearance of the fronds.
Small simple-leaved grass-like plants, of difficult cultivation.
-
2192 Lonchitis. From x*x, a lance, on account of the form of the fronds of some species. The Greeks
had a plant named Aozaris, but it must have been very different from that of the moderns.
219.3. Antrophyum. A genus divided by Kaulfuss from Hemionitis, and named from a rees, a cavern, and
oval, to grow, in reference to its native places of habitation.
3 L 2
CRYPTOGAMIA.
384
Sp. 10-63.
Kidney-leaved a LA, pr
a jn.s
Br
14550 renifrme W.
radiated
y: [A] pr
ap.au Br
14551 raditum W.
14552 macrophyllum W. large-leaved
y: [ZJ pr
jl.au
Br
Canadian
St a el 1 aus
Br
14553 pedatum W.
hairy-stalked # ZX] or 1 jn.s
Br
14554 villsum W.
y: [ZNJ el 13 jn.s
Br
14555 pulverulntum W. dusty
rhomb-leaved y: [A] el 14 jn.jl
Br
14556 trapezifrme W.
sy A el
#my.s Br
14557 Capillus-vneris W. true
14558 tenerum IV.
tender
[ZNJ el 1 jl
Br
14559 serrultum W.
serrulate
y: [A] or l au
Br
2195 CHEILANTHES. Swz. Cheilanthes.
Sp. 4-30.
Pteris-like
y:
A
pr
jlis
Br
14560 pteroides W.
14561 vestita Swz.
hairy
St A pr! au
Br
sweet-scented 2 LA pr_i au
Br
14562 frgrans W.
14563 lentigera Swz.
chafly
y: [ZN prl jn.au Br
2196. DAVAL LIA. Sm. DAvAllia.
Sp. 2-39.
14564 pyxidata W.
shining
y: L or
3 aps
Br
14565 canarinsis W.
Hare's-foot
y: LA or 1* ap.s
Br
2197. DICKSON1A. L'heu. DicksonIA.
Sp. 323.
14566 arborscens W.
tree
*
15 jn.d
Br
14567 disscta W.
cut-leaved
y:
pr 3 s.o
Br
hairy
Sy. A pr2 jl.s
Br
14568 pilosiuscula W.
2198 BALANTIUM. Kauf BALANTIUM.
Sp. 1-2.
smooth-stemm. x: [Z\] or 3 au
Br
14569 Clcita Kaulf.
2194. ADIAN/TUM. W.
CLAss XXIV.
MAmeNhana.
Madeira 1699.
W. Indies 1776.
Jamaica 1793.
N. Amer. 1640.
Jamaica 1775.
W. Indies 1793.
W. Indies 1793.
Britain rocks.
Jamaica 1793.
Jamaica 1822.
sp Bot. cab. 841

lp Plum til. t. 100
l.p Bro. jam. t.38 fl

s-p Schk. fil.
s.p Schk. fil.
Schk. fil.
Schk. fil.
t.
t.
t.
t.
115
120
119
112
Eng bot. 1564

Piuk. al. t.354.f.1
Pluk al. t. 125.f2
C. G. H. 1775.
N. Amer. 1812.
Hon.hist.ofifs
Schk. fil. t. 124
Madeira 1778.
N. Spain ...
Sw.syn.fi. t.3.f6
N. S. W. 1808.
Canaries 1699.
Jac. ic. 1. t. 200
St. Helena 1786.

Jamaica 1793.
N. Amer. 1811.
Schk. fil. t. 131
Madeira
...
Dicksnia Culcita W.
2199 ASPIDIUM. Swz. Shield Fenn.
14570 denttum W.
toothed
14571 bulbiferum W.
bulbiferous
brittle
14572 frgile W.
laciniated
SY
14573 rgium W.
14574 rhaeticum W.
stone
brook
St
14575 irriguum E. B.
14576 a'mulum W.
dwarf
if
14577 trifoliatum W.
three-leaved y:
14578 Lonchitis W.
rough Alpine SY
14579 auriculatum JV.
eared
if
14580 exalttum W.
lofty
y:
14581 unitum W.
smooth
if
# AAA eloror
A. el
1 jl.au
#jn.au
jn
Br
a el
I jn.jl
Br
A or
u/\! or
[A] or
A. or
[A] or
7N or
[Z\] or
y: [A] or
[A] or
A or
Sy A or
1 jn.jl
2 au
11 ap.au
+ my...au
1.jl
4 jl
2 au
2 au
2 jl.s
14.jl
3 jl
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Sy A or
A or
A or
1 jl.au
11 jn.au
2 jn.au
Br
Br
Br
marginal-flow. Y. A or
Male-fern
st a w
2 jn.s
3 jn.au
close-leaved
2 jn.au
Br
14582 propinquum Kaulf pubescent

downy
14583 ptens iv.
14584 noveloracense py.
14585 Orepteris W.
Thelypteris
14586
W.
14587 cristtum W.
14588 aculetum W.
14589 marginle W.
14590 Filix-mas W.
14591 lobtum W.
Sn 30-160.
+J
Br
river-side
Heath
Lady-fern
lesser-crested
com.-prickly
SY. A or
Br
Br
Br
Br
Wales
rocks.
N. Amer. 16.8.
Britain
walls.
Britain
al.roc.
Britain
rocks.
Eng bot. 1588

Eng. bot, 1.87
Eng. bot. 163
Britain w.sh.p.
Madeira 1779.
W. indies 1769.
Britain
al.roc.
E. Indies 1793.
Jamaica 1793.
E. Indies 1793.
E. Indies 1793.
Jamaica 1784.
N. Amer. 1812.
Britain
hea.
Britain
mar.
Jac.ic. 3. t. 638
Eng. bot. 797

Schk filt. 32 b,
Schk, filt. 334

Schk. fil. t. 46
Eng: bot 1019
England bog.h.
Britain sha.pl.
Eng. bot. 1018

Eng. bot. 2125
Eng. bot. 1562
Br
N. Amer. 1772.
Schk. filt-45. b.
Br
Britain sha.pl
England sha.pl.
Eng. bot. 1438

Eng. bot. 1563
Ristory, Use, Propagation, Culture,

2194. Adiantum. From 221xvroz, dry. In vain you
the Adiantum in water, : Pliny, it always
remains dry. The prettiest of all ferns, on account of t e delicate slender stalks on which the pinnules are
'
balanced in the air; one species on this account is called Capillus Veneris, or in English, Maiden's Hair.
2.195. Cheilanthes. From xuxor, a lip, and 2,9es, a flower, in allusion to the lip-like form of the indusium.
Pretty plants, formerly referred to Pteris.
2196. Davallia. Named by Sir James Smith, after his friend M. Davall, a Swiss botanist, who sent him large
collections of
D. canariensis is popularly called the hare's-foot fern, on account of the peculiar form
of its rootstoc * which curves over the side of the pot in which it grows, and, being covered with close brown
hairs, resembles very perfectly the foot of a hare.

2197. Dicksonia. In honor of the late Mr. James Dickson, a celebrated British cryptogamic botanist. A
noble genus containing several arborescent species, among which the tree-fern of St. Helena is placed. This
Plant is often brought in a living state to this country, but the mode of cultivating it being unknown, it rarely
survives more than a few months.
* Balantium. A genus of Madeira ferns

erns divided from Dicksonia by Kaulfuss, on account of its trans
** two-valved indusium; and named from **xxv-iev, a purse, on account of the form of the indusium.
-
ORD. I. Tame I.
FILICES POLYPO DIACEAE.
885
14550 Fronds simple reniform-orbicular crenate, Both diameters equal

14551 Frond digitate, Branches pinnate, Pinnae linear-oblong obtuse nearly halved crenate, Stalk smooth
14552 Fronds pinnate: pinnae ovate acuminate cuneate at base toothed at end, Sori continuous upon each edge
14553 Frond pedate, Leaflets pinnate, Pinnae rhomboid-oblong somewhat lunate cut-lobed
14554 Fronds bipinnate: pinnules trapezoid-obl. blunt, Sori oblong at the end of the upper edge, Stalk villous
14555 Fronds bipinnate: pinnules rhomboid oval serrated at end, Sorus lin. solitary on upper edge, Stalk hairy
14556 Fronds supradecomp : pinnules trapezoid acum. cut crenate towards end of upper edge, Sori on crenatures
14557. Frond alternately decompound: pinnules stalked cuneiform lobed
14558 Fronds supradecompound: pinnules rhomboid blunt cut lobed on upper edge, Lobes toothl. bearing sori
14559 Fronds pinn. or bipinn.: pinnae obl.lanc. halved truncate at base serrul. Sori on upper edge, Stalk smooth
14560 Fronds bipinnate, Lower pinnae bipinnate: pinnules ovate-ellipt. obtuse obsoletely subcordate crenulate
14561 Fronds bipinn. hairy on each side: pinnules pinnatif.; segments obl. bluntentire, Stalk and rachis hairy
14562 Fronds bipinnate smooth, pinnules obl.lanc. obtuse pinnatifid cut; segments subbifid, Stalk paleaceous
14563 Fronds tripinnate somewhat villous, Leaflets orbicular very small
14564 Fronds bipinnate alternate, Leaflets lanceolate pinnatifid, Sori linear oblong
14565 Fronds 3-parted alternately decompound: segments lanceolate; those bearing sori obovate
14566 Fronds supradecompound villous, Leaflets nearly entire, Stem arboreous
14567. Fronds tripinnate: pinnae tapered; pinnules oblong blunt pinnatifid, Segments blunt toothed
14568 Fronds bipinnate: pinnae pinnatifid; segments toothed, Rachis somewhat hairy
14569 Fronds tripinnate smooth: pinnules ovate oblong cuneate cut-toothed
14570 Fronds pinnate: pinnae ovate-oblong

; segments oblong blunt toothletted
14671 Fronds pinnate remotish: pinnules oblong serrated bulb-bearing beneath; lower pinnatifid
14572 Fronds
pinnules oblong blunt cut-serrated, Serratures blunt toothletted, Rachis winged
14573 Fronds bipinn. : pinnules ov. obl lobed pinnatif.; segm, linear-oblong blunt nearly entire, Rachis winged
14574 Fronds bipinn. ; pinnules lanceolate acuminate pinnatifid; segments linear acute serrated, Rachis winged
14575 Frond lanceolate pinnate: pinna deeply pinnatifid cut toothed, Rachis quadrangular, Sori lateral
14576 Fronds tripinnate: pinnules pinnatifid; segments linear toothed at end
14577 Fronds simple cordate 3-lobed or ternate: middle larger; lateral auricled at base
14578. Fronds pinnate: pinnaeciliate serrate, Stalk strigose
14579 Fronds pinnate: pinnae falcate lanceolate serrate truncate at base auricled above
[marginal
14580 Fronds pinn.: pinnae lanc. subfalcate cordate at base gibb, and somew, serrul. on upper edge, Sori solitary
14581 Fronds pinnate: pinnae ensiform serrated, Serratures half ovate ovate nerved
14582 Fronds pinn.; pinnae ensiform attenuated at end downy ben cut pinnatif. Sori almost marginal contiguous
14583 Frondspinn.: pinnae pinnatif.; segm. lanc. ac, Lowest of last pinnae longest pinnatif cut, '' hairy ben.
#'
14584 Pinnae pinnatifid somewhat linear: pinnules oblong nearly entire, Sori in rows near the edge of pinnae
14585 Fronds pinnate: pinnae lanceolate glabrous resinous glandulose beneath pinnatifid; the segm, lanceolate
obtuse entire, lowermost ones longer, Sori marginal
14586 Fronds pinn. : pinnae lin-lanc. pinnatif glab.: segm ov.ac. ent Sori marginal contigu. at length confluent
14587 Fronds pinnate: pinnae subcordate oblong pinnatifid; segments oblong obtuse dentato-serr. Stalk chaffy
14588 Fronds bipinnate: pinnules rigid ovate sublunate acum. aristate oblique and cuneate at base and decurr.;
the margins faintly serrated spinulose with a tooth near the base on upper side, Stalk and rachischaffy
14589 Fronds bipinnate: pinnules oblong obtuse decurrent crenate. Crenatures of base deepest, Sori marginal
14590 Fronds bipinn. : pinnules obl. obt. serrat, mutic. Sori near the central nerve, Stalk and rachischaffy
14591 Fronds bipinnate: pinnules scarcely rigid ovate rather obt. aristate truncate at base which has a lobe on
the upper margin shortly petiolate; the margin deeply serrated and spinulose, Stalk and rachischaffy
t'.---
#*
-|-
-[.#.
*>
2199 Aspidium. From arris, a little buckler, on account of the form of the indusia. Fougre, Fr.,
Johannis wurtzel, Ger., Feli Maschia, Ital, and Polypodio Helecho Masculino, Span. The male term is
common to Europe, in shady places and woods. The root consists of many matted fibres, forming a turry or
caespitose
thickness of the finger, blackish and scaly. It has been celebrated from time immemorial
as a specific for worms. It appears to have been used as such by Theophrastus, Dioscorides, and Galen; but
seems to have been neglected by the moderns, with the exception of empiric practitioners, until the publication
of Madame Nufer's specific for the tape-worm by the French government again brought it into notice.
According to her plan of administering it, from one to three drachms of the powdered root were directed to
strong cathartic of calomeland gamboge, proportioned to the age and strength of the patient, was given; and
be taken in a large cupful of water in the morning, while the patient was in bed; and two hours afterwards, a
if necessary, the further
was promoted *: dose of purging salts; nothing but broth being taken till
the worms came away. If this, however, did not happen on the same day, the process was ordered to be re
ted on the next day. In the present state of medical science, oil of turpentine is considered a certain specific
or expelling taenia. (Thom. Lond Disp. 186)
.
Aspidum Baromez is the famous Scythian lamb,
so many fables have been related. Although it
3
3
886
CRYPTOGAMIA.
14592 spinulsum W.
crested-prickly
A or
14593 dilattum W.
great-crested
Z\ or
14594 elongtum W.
cut-leaved
y: UAJ or
14595 villsum W.
villous
y:
or
14596 malle W.
soft
r
or
14597 acrostichoides W. Acrostichum-likey A or
14598 intermdium W.
intermediate Y. A or
14599 asplenioides W.
Asplenium-likey A or
2200. WOOD'SIA. R. Br. WoopsiA.
14600 hyperbrea R.Br. hairy Alpine
14601 ilvnsis R. Br.
rock
2201. CYATHEA. Sm. CYAthea.
14602 arbrea W.
tree
1
2
2
3
short-styled
Br
Br
Br
2 au.s
Br
Br
1: jl.au
2 jns
l' jn.s
Br
Br
Br
CLAss XXI
Britain mar. D lp
Britain wish.p. D 1.p
Madeira 1779.
lip
W. Indies 1793.
1.p
Caraccas 1824.
lp
lip
N. Amer. .....
l. p
N. Amer. 1823.
N, Amer. 1823.
Lp
Eng bot. 146

Eng, bot. 146
Schk, filt 46
Jacq. ic. t. 64
Schk crypt.t
Schk crypt.t.
Sp. 2-4.
A el
A. el
*jl.s
a jn.jl
Br
Br
Sp. 1-22.
* D or 15 ... Br
2202. TRICHO'MANES. L. TrichoMANEs.
14603 brevistum H. K.
jn.au
jn.au
jl.au
jl
Scotland alroc. D lp Eng, bot. 202.

N. Amer. 1812.
lip Schk, fil. t. 19
W. Indies 1793.
lip Plum fill. t.
Sp. 1-40.
A el
+ myjn Br
Britain moiro. D lp Eng. bot 1417
Hymenophyllum alatum E. B.
2203. HYMENOPHYL'LUM. Sm. Film Y-LeAF.
14604 tunbridgense W.
Tunbridge
if A el
Sp. 138.
* myjn Br
Britain moiro. D lp Eng.: bot. 162
OSMUNDACELE.
2,204. TODEA, JV.
14605 africana W.
ToDeA.
African
2005. OSMUNDA. L.
Sp. 1.
ye LA or - 2 my.au Br
Osmunda.
14606 cinnammea Ph.

14607 reglis W.
14608 Claytonina W.
14609 interrpta W.
14610 spectbilis W.
woolly
Flowering-Ferny
Clayton's
interrupted
showy
A
A
a
A
A
or
or
or
or
el
2206. LYGODIUM. Swz. SNAke's-ToNGUe.

14611 scndens Swx.
climbing
A [ZNJ el
14612 circintum Swz.
circinate
fl-[A] el
14613 palmtum Swz.

2207. ANE/MIA. Swz.
14614 hirsta Stv.
14615 adiantiflia Sw.
[.. a el
palmate
ANEMIA.
hairy
y: [A] or
Maiden-hair-lvd. ic [A] or
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
C. G. H.
Sp. 5-8.
jn
Br
jl.au Br
au
Br
jn.jl
Br
jl
Br
Sp. 3-18.
my.s Br
au
Br
3 au.s
Br
1805. D lp Schk. fil. t. 147
N. Amer. 1772. D
Britain sha.bo. D
N. Amer. 1772. D
N. Amer. .... D
N. Amer. 1811. D
Schk, fil. t. 146

Eng bot. 209
Schk, fil. t. 144
Plu.alm.t-184t |
E. Indies 1793. D Lp Bot. cab. 742

E. Indies 1823. D lp Rum.amb 6.t33
N. Amer. ...
Sp. 2-19.
3
... Br
3 au.s
Br
lp
lp
1.p
Lp
lp
D lp Ac.E.1802.t.1.f.:
Jamaica 1794. D lp Plum fil. t. 162

W. Indies 1793. D. p.1
OPHIOGLOSSELE.
2208. BOTRY/CHIUM. Swz.
14616 Lunaria W.
14617 fumarioides W.
14618 dissctum W.
14619 virginicum W.
14620 obliquum W.
Moonwort.
Common
A cu
Fumitory-leav.
A cu
A cu
Rattlesnake Ferny. A cu
oblique
sy. A cu
cut-leaved
Sp. 5-10.
my.jn Br
Britain
jlau
Br
Carolina 1806. D plSchk, fil. t. 157
Br
Br
N. Amer. 1806. D p.1 Schk, fil. t. 158

N. Amer. 1790. D. p.1 Schk fil. t. 156
1.jl
1 au
hilpa. D. p.1 Eng bot. 318
Br
14592
is often brought in a fresh state to the markets of Macao, as an article of medicine, no plants have ever reached
this country alive. Its name has arisen from the resemblance which its brown hairy rootstalk bears to a little
rufous dog couching; and the belief in its animal nature has been confirmed by the color of the juice, which
is of a rich blood color, and soon becoming thick by exposure to the air. It is needless to add, that the stories
about no plant being able to grow near it are mere fables. Kaempfer says, that borannek is the name which
the people on the borders of the Caspian Sea give to a kind of sheep of that country.
2200. Woodsia. Small ferns formerly referred to Polypodium, "Aspidium, and Nephrodium, by various
writers; and distinguished from all these by Mr. Brown, who named the genus 'n' Joseph Woods, an
ingenious British botanist.
2:01. Cyathea. , From xv.23%, a cup; on account of the cup-shaped form of the indusia. A fine tropical
enus of ferns, which does not appear to have been well understood by its author, who confounds it
ritish plants referred by all other botanists to Aspidium. Nearly all the species are arborescent, and arrive
the greatest height of which ferns are susceptible. C. glauca forms a lofty tree in the Island of Bourbon,
at
and C.
": and excelsa are not less than twenty-four feet in height.
#,"Asplenium
"ancs. trichomanoides,
From 3: ''xos,
hair, and aa a, excess. "The Greeks gave this name to the plant
"...called
Plants
with almost transparent
foliage. on account of its fine shining stems, which resemble hairs. Elegant
-- -
liai
Ni-----
ORD. I.
TRIBE I.
FII.ICES POLYPODIACEAE.
887
14592 Frond somew. bipinn. : pinnules decurrent ellipt pinnatifid serrul spiny, Rachis smooth, Nerves flexuose
14593. Fronds bipinnate: pinnules oblong distinct inciso-pinnatifid; segments mucronato-serrate, Stalk chaffy
14594 Fronds bipinnate: pinnae pinnated bipinnatifid below ; pinnules lanc. blunt, Segments ovate toothletted
14595. Fronds 3-pinnate: pinnules oblong blunt hairy above, toothed, Stalk and rachis bristly chaffy
14596 Fronds pinnate: pinnae lanc. hairy on each side pinnatifid; segm. oblong blunt entire, nearly equal
14597 Frondspinn. ; pinnae altern subsess subserr. ciliat. auric at base on upp. edge, Upp. pinnae bear. sori, Stalk
14398 Fronds bipinnate:, pinnules lin. pinnatifid cut; segm. mucronate serrate at end, Stalk chaffy
[cha
14599 Fronds bipinn. ; pinnules lin. lanc. cut serr. Serrat. 2 or 3 toothed: those at end most ac. Sori obl.lunate
14600 Frond lanceolate pinnate: pinnae cordate pinnatifid hairy on each side, Lobes rounded repand
14691. Fronds bipinnatifid: pinnae oblong blunt; lower repand, upper entire
14602 Fronds bipinnate: pinnules lanceolate serrate sharpish; upper confluent, Stalk smooth, Stem arboreous
14603 Frond tripinnatifid lobed smooth: segments linear entire, Stalk winged, Columella included
14604 Frond alternately bipinnatifid: segments and invol. serrated, Sori solitary axillary
OSMUNDACEAE.
14006 Fronds pinnat.: ster bipinnatif.; segm. ov. obl. obt, entire, Stalk woolly, Fertile fronds bipinnate woolly
14607 Frond bipinnate bearing the spike at end: pinnules cordate-lanceolate smooth
14608 Fronds bipinnatifid rusty with down contracted and fertile at the end
14609 Fronds bipinnatifid entire smooth interrupted in the middle by 3 pair of fertile pinnated racemes
14610 Fronds bipinn.: pinnules lanc. sharply serrat. cune. at base; all altern. A fert. bipinn. panic at end of frond
14611 Stem flexuose round, Fronds conjugate pinnate, Leaflets bearing spikes on each edge
14612 Stem flexuose climbing, Fronds conjugate 3-4-lobed palmate, Lobes lanceolate acute entire
14613 Stem flexuose climbing, Fronds conjugate cord. 5-lobed palmate, Lobes lanc. ent obt, obscurely sinuated
14614 Frond bipinnatifid hirsute: segments cuneate lined blunt and serrated at end
14615. Frond 3-pinnatifid triangular: segm. ovate acute toothletted at end, beneath and the rachis downy
OPhIOGLOSSELt.
14616 Scape with a simple frond above, Frond pinnate: pinnae lunate entire
14617 Scape none, Fronds radical 3-parted bipinnate: pinnules lunate crenate
14618 Scape with a simple frond at bottom, Frond 3-parted bipinnatifid: segm. linear 2-parted 2-toothed at end
14619 Scape frondose in midd. Frond subtern. 3-parted bipinnatifid, Leaflets cutpinnatif. Segm. obtuse 3-toothed
14020 Scape with a simple frond at bottom. Frond mostly bitern. Leaflets obl.lanc. serrul. unequally cord. at base
\|14619
14631
2203. Hymenophyllum. From van, a membrane, and zuxxon, a leaf, in allusion to the tenuity of the foliage.
This and the last are the most elegant of all ferns; they generally grow in damp shady places among moss,
and have hitherto refused cultivation under any plan which has been devised.
2204. Todea. Named after Tode, an experienced mycologist, author of Fungi Mecklenburgensis. Mr. Brown
unites this genus to Osmunda, but Kaulfuss
them distinct.
2205 Osmunda. A word said to be of northern origin, and to have received its name on account of its
potential qualities in medicine. Osmunder was one of the names of Thor, a Celtic divinity, and mund, in
Anglo-Saxon, is expressive of force or power. These are noble species of hardy ferns. O. regalis is the finest
of all our native species.
2206. Lygodium. From xvzor, a band. The species are elegant twining plants, which bind together the
grass or small shrubs near which they chance to grow. L. palmatum, although a North American plant,
must have the protection of a good frame.
2207. Anemia. From awaway, naked; in allusion to the naked spikes of inflorescence; whence some authors
write the word Aneimia.
2208. Botrychium. Derived from 8orews, a bunch, on account of the bunch-like form of its fructification.
Botrychium virginicum is the largest of the American kinds, and is called the rattle-snake fern, from the
circumstance of its generally growing where these venomous reptiles are usually found.
3 L 4
CRYPTOGAMIA.
888
2209. OPHIOGLOS'SUM. L. Appen's-toxotre.

14621 vulgtum W.
common
Sw
cu
14622 reticultum W.
14623 bulbsum W.
netted
bulbous
in ir
X] pr: myjn Br
a pr: jl.au Br
2210. MARATTIA. Swz. MARAtria.

14624 alta W.
winged
if [Z\] or
CLAss XXIV,
Sp. 3-9
Sp. 1-6.
1* au
Br
Britain mime. D plEng. bot 108

W. Indies 1793. D. p.1 Plum fil. t. 164
N. Amer. ... D 1.p
-
Jamaica 1793. D lp Sm. ined. t. 46

2209. Ophioglossum. From opus, a serpent, and 2 Awren, a tongue. The little green narrow-pointed leaves,
seated on a narrow stalk or neck, and peeping up from among the grass, may be not unaptly compared to a
snake's tongue.
"
ORD. I.
TRIBE III.
- - -
FILICES OPHIOGLOSSEAE.
- --
ts80
14621. Frond ovate veinless
14622 Spike cauline, Frond cordate acute reticulated

14623 Spike cauline, Frond subcordate ovate obtuse, Root bulbous
14624. Fronds bipinnate: pinnules acutely serrate, Rachis scaly: partial winged
2210. Marattia. In honor of J. F. Maratti, a writer upon ferns. He lived at Vallombrosa, in Tuscany.
Kaulfuss considers this, Danaea, and Angiopteris as constituting a particular tribe, which he calls Marattiaceae,
but of which he has not given the characters.
-a
CRYPTOGAM1A EQUISETACEAE.
890
CLAss XXIV.
EQUISETACE.E.
Order 2.
Reproductive organs uniform, in terminal spikes, composed of peltate, several-sided scales, producing on their
under surface 4-7-elongated involucres containing the seeds.
Branches whorled, rigid.
This order contains one genus only, which is among the most puzzling of all the anomalous formations which
are so frequently met with among the lower orders of vegetation. Both the stems and branches are regularly
articulated,
and arise from a tubular sheath. There are no leaves, and the reproductive organs are arranged in
a terminal spike (b), on all sides of which are inserted many peltate scales (a) with several sides orangles. Several
wedge-shaped hollow bodies project from the surface of these scales, and bursting inwardly, discharge their
contents, which are not yet well understood. They consist of a number of green roundish bodies, surrounded
by minute
and furnished at the base with four elastic filaments (c), thickened at their apex. By some
observers the granules have been considered pollen, the filaments stamens, and the green bodies ovaries; by
others the granules have been called naked seeds; by Kaulfuss the wedge-shaped hollow bodies are considered
capsules, and the green bodies, seeds.
2209. Equisetum.
It is probable that none of these theories are true.
Character the same as of the order.
2211. EQUISETUM. L. Honse-tail.
Sp. 718.
S. A w
14625 arvense W.
Corn
14626 fluvitile W.
great-water
14627 sylvticum W.
wood
mr.ap Br
Y. A w 6 apmy Br
14629 palstre W.
"
3. A w
smooth naked # ZX w.
marsh
# ZX w.
14630 variegatum. W.
variegated
A or
14631 hyemale W.
Dutch Rush
ZX ec lij.au
14628 limsum W.
14.625
1 ap.my
2 jn.jl
14.jnji
jnji
Britain
moi.fi. D plEng bot. 2030
Britain wat.pl. D plEng bot.*
Br
Br
Br
Br
Britain m.s.pl.
Britain wat.pl.
Britain bog.pl.
Scotland sc.sh.
D. p.1
D. p.
D. p.1
D. p.1
Eng bot 1:4

Eng, bot'
Eng bot *l
Eng bot 1:37
Br
Britain moi.w. D pl Eng bot 915
\\\\\|| ||/|A/I 14626
Literally, horse-hair, from equus, a horse, and seta, hair; so called,in allusion to the
fine
branches
of all
therivers
species.
The first
five species
arethree
noxious
weeds
deepthe
loamy
soil, especially
such:
has been
gained
from
or lakes.
E. fluviajie
rises
or four
feetonhigh,
thickness
of a finger:
with
2211.
numerous branchlets or leaves proceeding from the whorls; according to Haller, this species was eaten." the
common people among the Romans. Linnaeus affirms, that rein-deer, who refuse hay, will, however," this
ORDER II.
CRYPTOGAMIA EQUISETACEAE.
891
11625 ster stems decumb with simp. branches, which are rough. tetragon.: fertile ones erect simp, their sheaths
cylind, inciso-dentate
14686 Sterile stems with very numerous simple branches, which are roughish octagonal: fertile ones simple;
the sheaths infundibuliform laciniato-dentate, their teeth setaceous
14627 Sterile and fertile stems with their branches comp. roughish deflexed 4-sided, Branchlets subtriquetrous
146-8 Stems branch. upw with branches about 12 in a whorl simple pentagon smooth, Spike or catkin terminal
146-9 Stems branched glabrous sulcate, Branches simple pentagonal, Spike terminal
14030 Stems naked very rough branched at base, Sheaths black with white membran, lanc. teeth, Spike terminal
14631 Stems simple erect very rough bearing spikes at the extremity, Sheaths whitish black at base and summits,
Teeth aristate deciduous
that it is cut as fodder for kine, but that it is not so acceptable to horses. E. hyemale is the best species for
#' wood and metal, and is imported from
Holland for that purpose under the name of Dutch rushes.

t is much used by whitesmiths, cabinet-makers, and comb-makers, and formerly it was in demand for scour
ing pewter and wooden things in the kitchen.
cis-Xxiv.
CRYPTOGAMIA LYGOPODINEAE.
892
LYCOPODINEAE.
Reproductive organs arillary, sometimes apparently spiked. Thecae of two kinds, the one eentaining minute
granules, the other larger bodies.
Stems covered with many small leaves.
THE reproductive organs of these plants are always axillary, the apparently spiked arrangement which they
occasionally present being caused by the partial abortion of the leaves, at the base of which they are seated
The thecae (a)? the nature of which is very doubtful, and which have accordingly been called by different writers
capsules, conceptacula, and cocci, are formed of from one to three valves, and of a similar number of cells, and
contain either a mass of minute powdery granules, or some corpuscles of a larger size. The nature and
andolle imagines that one may be the means of fertilizing the
ue of both these are uncertain.
Olner.
Lycopodium.
Thecae reniform, 1-celled, 2-valved, with many sporules. Sporules very minute,
wdery.
2211. Psilotum. Thecae 3-coccous, 3-celled; cells opening upwards, half 2-valved.
Sp. 15-114.
2212. LYCOPODIUM. L. CLUB-Moss.
hea. D plEng bot **
j.au
Br
Britain
14633 complantum W. Arbor-vitae-lvd.g. A cu #, jlau
Br
N. Amer. 1770. Rp.1 Fl. dan.
Br
Britain albogs. D p.1 Eng bot 234
Br
N. Amer. 1770. D. p.1 Hook. ex: fl. 7
ZY cu 'tin.au Br
2. A cu + jn.jl Br
Britain al.hea. D p.1 Eng bot. 1727

Britain turbo. D p.1 Eng bot.*
14632 clavtum W.
Conninon
14634 alpinum W.
Savin-leaved
14635 dendroideum W.
14636 annotinum W.
fan
14637 inundatum W.
marsh
interrupted
prickly
14638 Selaginoides W.
14639 ornithopdioides W. Bird's-claw
14640 helvticum W.
Swiss
14641 denticultum W,
toothed
14642 Selgo W.
Fir
rock
glittering
stemless
P.
14646 alopecuroides W.
2213. PSILO"TUM. Swz.
14647 triquetrum Swz.
A cu
# A cu
2. A cu lin.jl
+ au
*- A cu
Britain w.al.h. D. p.1 Eng: bot. 118

...... 1812. D plDil Mitfifi B.
Switzerl. 1779. D. p. Dill.M. t. 6+ +3
Switzerl. 1779. D p.1 Dil.M.t-66 fil.A
Britain walh. D plEng bot 233
+ au
lau
i au
+ au
Br
Br
Br
Br
N.
N.
N.
N.
+ au
2- A cu .3 jn.au
* A cu lin' ...
A
A
a
A
cu
cu
cu
cu
Amer. ...
Amer. 1823.
Amer. 1819.
Amer. 1821.
D pl Schk, fil. t. 165

D pl Schk, fil. t. 159
D. p.1 Dill must 63f:
D plDillmust 62.[6
Sp. 1-3.
PsiloruM.
triangular
+ au
+ jl
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
2- A cu
222Walking Fern x.
14643 rupstre W.
14644 lucidulum W.
14645
2. A cu
y: [A] cu
#jl.au
Br
W. Indies 1793. D plSchk, filt.16%
14639

p assures us, of
2212. Lycopodium. From Auxer, a wolf, and rus, a foot; on account, as Dalecham
plant, and
resemblance the roots bear to a wolf's foot. Selago is an ancient word applied to some succulent
the
useful for com laints in

derived, according to De Theis, from the Celtic sel, sight, and jach, salutary, as being
hall, which in modern langua:
the eyes. From the same root sel, was formed selma, the name of Fingal's
plants, some of which
ke
herbaceous
would be called Belle-vue. Thes ies are neat little evergreen moss-li
h small bright green leaves;
are found in all arts of the world. L. helveticum is a pretty prostrate plant, wit
cultivated in hothouses on the edge of the aquarium, or in pots set in
often
is
it
which
for the beauty o
a stranger
East Indies, but hitherto
of water. L. Phlegmaria is a fine species found in various parts of the down
in tufts from six inchesto"
trees, whence it hangs
our gardens. It is a parasite upon the trunks of
CPRDER III.
CRYPTOGAMIA LYCOPODINEAE.
893
14632 Stem creeping, Branches ascending, Leaves scattered incurved and hair-pointed, Spikes geminate
cylindrical pedunculate: their scales ovate acuminate eroso-dentate
14633 Stem erect, Branches altern. dichotom. Leaves bifarious connate spreading at end, Spikes 4 round cylind.
146.24 Stems prostrate, Branches dichotomous and fasciculated, Leaves quadrifarious oblong convex acute ap
pressed, Spikes terminal solitary sessile short cylindrical
14635 Stem erect, Branches alternate compact dichotomous spreading, Spikes solitary terminal sessile
14636 Stem creeping, Branches ascending dichotomcusly branched, simple, Leaves in 5 rows linear
lanceolate mucronate serrulate patent, Spikes oblongo-cylindrical solitary sessile terminal
14637 Stem creeping, Branches simple solitary erect with a single sessile leafy spike at its extremity, Leaves
linear scattered acute entire curved upwards
146.38 Stem creep. Branches ascend simple, Lvs. scattered lanc. subpatent ciliato-denticul. Spikes term. solitary
14:39 Leaves bifarious spreading ovate acute: of the surface distichous ciliated flat, Spikes roundish sessile
14640 Lvs. bifar. *-cord. blunt.: of surface altern. distichous ovate-obl. blunt, Spikes stalked term mostly in pairs
14641 Lvs. bifarious ovate subcord. acute toothletted: of surface altern. ovate acute, Spikes terminal short sessile
14642 Stems dichotomously branched erect fastigiate, Leaves scattered in 8 rows linear-lanceolate acuminate
entire imbricated rigid, Capsules scattered not spiked
14643 Stem creeping branched, Leaves scatt. imbric. ciliated with a hair at end, Spikes solitary sessile terminal
14644 Leaves in 8 rows linear lanceolate toothletted acute spreading reflexed, Stem ascending bifid
14645 Lvs. bifarious roundish ovate acute flat toothl. Stem branched rooting at base, Spikes term. sess subsolit.
14646 Branches nearly simple long ascend. with one spike at top. Lvs. lin.-subul. toothed at base, Spike sess. leafy
14647 Stem dichotomous, Branches 3-cornered
foot in length. I. Selago is used in Skye, and some other places, to fix colours in dying, nstead of alum. The .
Highlanders employ it in infusion as an emetic and cathartic; but it operates violently, and, unless taken in a
small dose, brings on giddiness and convulsions. Linnaeus says, the Swedes use a decoction of it to destroy lice
on swine and other animals. All the species may be cultivated in a light peaty soil, but they require an
abundance of moisture.
2213. Psilotum. From Juxor, naked. This is a little bushy evergreen herbaceous : of no beauty. Its
branches are 3-cornered, and altogether destitute of leaves. The thecae appear from the little indentations of
the branches, and are of a whitish-yellow color. It is easily cultivated in a little peat and sand, but it has no
merit except as an object of curiosity.
394
CRYPTOGAMIA MARSILEACEAE.
tM
CLAss XXIV.
MARSILEACEAE.
Reproductive organs radical, uniform.
Sporules contained in roundish one or many-celled indchiscent heads.

Plants simple, aquatic.
VERY few plants are found in this order. Their vegetation is various; they are at most a few inches high,
and are more or less aquatic. In Isoetes the leaves resemble those of a yeung rush. The organs of repro
duction are always near the root, and are variable, and their nature is by no means understood. In Pilularia a)
it consists of a roundish head, divided internally into 1-4-cells, each cell containing small bodies of two kinds.
In Isoetes (b) the fructification is even less known and understood.
2214. Isoetes. Head membranous, not opening, immersed in the base of the frond, 1-celled. Sporules
angular, inserted upon many filiform receptacles.
2215. Pilularia. Heads imbricated, solitary, nearly sessile, globose, coriaceous, 4-celled. Cells containing
two kinds of bodies.
2214. ISOE'TES. L.
14648 lactistris W.
Quillwoat.
marsh
2215. PILULARIA. L.
14649 globulifera W.
Sp. 1-2.
* A cu
+ myo Br
2. A cu
+ jn.s
Britain
allak. D. p.1 Eng, bot. 1084
Sp. 1.
Pillwort.
Pepper-grass
Br
Britain moi.h.D p.l Eng. bct. 521

2214.
Isoetes.
From iror, equal, and trar, the
a plant which remains the same throwth all the
seasons. A very curious little submersed aquatic, which grows at the bottom of some of the Scotch lakes.
The leaves are long and cylindrical, whence the
ish name Quill-wort.
Order f.
Reproductive organs of 2 kinds.
MUSC1.
Theca
many:
solitary, furnished
lants leafy.
with an operculum and columella
Mosses are distinguished from all other similar plants, by the peculiar nature of the reproductive organs, which
are of two kinds. The principal and the most obvious is a theca (a,b), which is furnished with an operculum or
lid (c), by means of which the sporules are retained in the theca, and a columella, or central axis, to which they
** attached The other consist of minute spherical pedicellated organs, concealed in the axils of some of the
"ves, and called anthers by Hedwig. The "theca is either entire, or split into four valves, as in Andreaea;
when in a very young state it is enclosed in an indusium, which is torn asunder as the theca is clongated, and
being carried up with it, remains upon the summit of the theca in the form of a little extinguisher called
__
-"
CRYPTOGAMIA MARSILEACEAE.
CPadih I W.
895
i4643 Fronds subulate half-cylindrical, Heads roundish 2-celled

14649 Filiform branched creeping, Heads brown
2215. Pilularia. From pilula, a pill. The little heads in which the reproductive organs are enclosed
resemble pills. An obscure little plant found creeping among grass in meadows in many parts of England,
aud especially in damp places which are overflowed during winter.
camptra (d); if the calyptra is slit # one side it is called dimidiate(d), if divided at the base into many short clefts,
it is termed mitriform (e). The orifice of the theca, when the operculum is removed, is either covered by a simple
membrane, or by various processes called the peristome (f), either annular, or in the form of teeth, and arranged
in a single or double row. These processes vary in number, and in the manner of their division; from such
differences excellent characters for the genera have been obtained.
The minute attention which mosses have received in modern times has brought their arrangement to a
degree of perfection unknown in other Cryptogamic orders. This has been effected by the labor of Hooker,
Grcville, and Brown in our own country, and of Hedwig, Swartz, Bridel, Schwaegrichen, Palisot de Beauvois,
Nees von Esenbeck, and Hornschuch abroad. The arrangement of the two last authors is chiefly adopted
here from their excellent Bryologia Germanica.
with this order, the alteration in the form of our page, of which we have already spoken, commences. The
columns indicating the habit, habitation in the garden, propagation, and soil, arc necessarily omitted; and their
lace is supplied by a more extended popular character, and more detailed references to plates. The heights
indicated are to be understood as in inches, and not as feet; and the colors as the general color of the plant.
in the figures it has been also found necessary to represent the plants in many cases much magnified; when
ever this has taken place, the figures which are larger than nature are distinguished by a *-affixed to their
number. The popular synonyms of this and the succeeding orders have been rendered as complete as possible,
especially with reference to Sowerby's English Botany, to which valuable work this will be a complete modern
index even in Cryptogamia.
Trine I.
EVAGINULATI.
Theca entirely sessile; its receptacle stalked, and without perichaetial leaves.
2216. Sph
receptacle.
Receptacle of theca stalked.
Peduncle resembling a fruitstalk.
Theca sessile on the
outh naked.
Taihe II.
VAGINULATIOLOCARPI.
Theca more or less stalked: with perichaetial leaves; not valvular.

A. Theca terminal.
* Theca indehiscent.
2217. Phascum. Theca entire, adnate with the persistent lid.
Calyptra shorter than the theca.
896
CRYPTOGAMIA.
** Theca dehiscent.
Class XXIV.
Peristomc absent.
2218. Schistostega. Fruitstalks terminal; mouth of theca naked. Lid laciniated, with deciduous segments
2219. Gymnostomum.
Fruitstalk terminal. Calyptra dimidiate.
Mouth of theca naked.
*** Theca dehiscent. Peristome present.

+ Peristome single.
2220. Hymenostomum. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome destitute of teeth, but having an inner horizontal
membrane perforated in the middle.
2221.
Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome of 4 erect teetn.
2222. Encalypta. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome single of 16 teeth. Calyptra cylindrico-campanulate,
wholly concealing the nature of the theca.
# Grimmia. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome single, of 16 entire or perforated rarely cleft teeth.
Calyptra mitriform.
2224. Weissia. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome single, of 16 entire equidistant teeth. Calyptra dimidiate.
2225. Dicranum. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome single, of 16 bifid equidistant teeth. Calyptra dimidiate.
2226. Trichostomum. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome single, of 16 equal teeth divided to the base, or 32 in
irs. Calyptra mitriform.
2227. Cinclidotus. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome single, of 32 filiform twisted teeth anastomosing at their
base. Calyptra mitriform.
2228. Tortula. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome single, of 32 filiform twisted teeth, nearly free, or more or
less united by a tubiform membrane. Calyptra dimidiate.
-
2229. Pterogonium. Fruitstalk lateral. Peristome single, of 16 entire equidistant teeth. Calyptra dimidiate.
22.30. Didymodon.
Fruitstalk terminal.
Peristome single, of 16 bifid equidistant teeth.
Calyptra di
midiate.
2231. Splachnum. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome single, of 8 geminate teeth.

apophysis. Columella exserted, capitate. Calyptra mitriform.
'''
Conostomum.
Theca with an evident

-
Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome simple; teeth solitary, entire, separate at base, 16 in
number, united at the tips.

++ Peristome double.
2233. Orthotrichum. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome mostly double; outer one of 16 teeth, approaching in
pairs; inner one of 8-16 ciliary processes or none. Calyptra mitriform. Columella capitate.
2234. Zygodon. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome double or simple; teeth in pairs, Calyptra cucullate.
22:35. Fruitstalk terminal.
Peristome always double; outer with 16 teeth: teeth obscure.
Theca subsessile.
E WAGINULATI.
Systematic
English
c:
Time of
"
conspicuous.
2216. SPHAGNUM. L.
SphaGNUM.
14650 obtusifolium Ehr.
blunt-leaved
aquatic
a vulgris Hooker
S. latifolium E. B.
minus Hooker
7 fluitans Turner
14651 squarrsum Web.
14652 acutiflium Ehr.
capillifolium E. B.
copper/tors
aquatic
small
sharp-leaved
aquatic
aquatic
aquatic
aquatic
14653 cuspidatum Ehr.
cuspidate
aquatic
2217. PHASCUM. L.
14654 serrtum Schreb.
PhascuM.
serrated
Jloating
squarrose
flowering,
.E.
*nce
to Figures.
Sp. 4-11.
7 all months
7 all months
3
24
7
6
Refere
Local
ity.
all months
all months
all months
all months
Y.G bogs
Y.G bogs
Musc. brit. t.4
Y.G
Y.G
Y.G
Y.G
Schwaegrisupts
bogs
bogs
bogs
bogs
Eng bot. t. 1405
Musc britt.*
Musc brit. t.4
-
6 all months
Y.G bogs
Musc brit. t.4
VAGINULATI OLOCARPI.
Sp. 11-39.
solitary
* spring
Paig shady banks Musc britt5
-
stolongerum E. B. t.2106
14652
14653
2216. Sphagnum A name employed by Pliny to distinguish some kind of moss that grew upon trees. hin
this genus the theca is sessile, being entirely destitute of a real fruitstalk. That which appears like one is the
footstalk of the receptacle, which in most of the Sphagna is so much lengthened out as greatly to exceed the
Perichaetial leaves. "All the species agree in the peculiar structure of the leaves, of which the reticulat" *
Ol.DER V.
MUSCI.
897
2236. Buxbaumia. Fruitstalk terminal. Stem none. Theca oblique, gibbous. Peristome double: outer one
of n.any filiform, torulose processes; inner one of a conical plicate membrane. Calyptra mitriform.
22:37. Funaria. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome double, oblique; outer and inner ones each of 16 teeth,
*: to each other.
22:38. Bartramia. Fruitstalk terminal. Theca subglobose. Peristome double: outer one of 16 teeth;
inner one of a membrane cleft into 16 bifid segments. Calyptra dimidiate.
2239 Pohlia. Frui'stalk terminal... Peristome double: teeth separate acute; membrane with 16 processes,
which are entire at the end without ciliae.
2240 Bryum. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome double: outer one of 16 teeth; inner one of a membrane
cut into 16 equal segments, with filiform processes often placed between them. Calyptra dimidiate.
2241. Polytrichum. Fruitstalk terminal. Peristome double: outer one of 32 or 64 equidistant incurved
teeth; inner one of a dense horizontal membrane connected with the outer teeth. Calyptra dimidiate.
B. Theca lateral.
2212. Anictangium. Fruitstalk lateral. Calyptra mitriform. Mouth of theca naked.

2243. Fissidens. Fruitstalk lateral. Peristome simple. Calyptra smooth. Teeth bifid.
2244. Leucodon. Fruitstalk lateral. Peristome simple, with bifid processes.
2.45. Fontinalis. Fruitstalk lateral. Peristome double: outer one of 16 teeth; inner one of 16 ciliary pro
cesses formed by transverse bars into a reticulated cone. Calyptra mitriform.
2246. Anomodon. Fruitstalk lateral. Peristome double: the first of 16 teeth; the second of 16 ciliary pro
cesses arising from the teeth. Calyptra dimidiate.
2247. Neckera. Fruitstalk lateral. Peristome double: outer one of 16 teeth; inner of 16 ciliary processes,
connected only at the base
a short membrane. Calyptra dimidiate.
2248. Daltonia. Fruitstalk lateral. Peristome double: membrane figured, with 16 ciliae and reflexed teeth.
2249. Hookeria. Fruitstalk lateral. Peristome double: outer one of 16 teeth; inner one of a membrane
cut into 16 entire segments. Calyptra mitriform.
2250. Leskea. Fruitstalk lateral. Peristome ovable. Membrane with 16 entire processes. Teeth erect or
reflexed. Calyptra cucullate.
2251. Hypnum. Fruitstalk lateral. Peristome double: outer one of 16 teeth; inner of a membrane cut
into 16 equal segments, with filiform processes often between them. Calyptra dimidiate.
Tams III. vaGINULATI scHistocARPL

Theca more or less stalked, with perichaetial leaves, valvular.
2252. Andreaea. Theca 4-valved: val"es cohering at apex, and adnate with the persistent lid.
E VAG1 NULATI.
14650 Branches tumid, Leaves ovate obtuse
a stems loosely tufted, Leaves closely imbricated

e Stems densely tufted, Leaves closely imbricated
2 stems much lengthened, Leaves scattered remote
14651 Branches attenuated at their extremities, Leaves ovato-acuminate squarrose recurved
14662 Branches attenuated, Leaves ovate-lanceolate crowded
14653 Branches attenuated, Leaves lanceolato-subulate lax
VAGINULATI OLOCARPI.
* Shoots creeping, leafless, articulated, branched.
14654 shoots branched conferva-like, Perichaetial leaves lanceolate serrated nerveless

14656
14660
large, and the interstices or areolae oblong, interrupted by transverse lines. The leaves are always destitute
of a nerve, and are of a singularly whitish color.
2217. Pascum. One of the ancient Greek names of the moss was tarxas. This genus contains species
3 Mi
--
898
CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLAss XXIV.
14655 alterniflium Dicks. alternate-leav. solitary

* spring
14656 cris'pum Hedw.
crisp
solitary
# spring
multicapsulre E. B. 618
14657 subultum Linn.
subulate
small patches & spring
14658 axillre Dicks.
axillary
lax. sol.
a spr. and sum.
Pa.G moist banks Musc.britt:5

Pa.G. banks and fi. Musc. brit t5
--
L.G dry banks
strictum E. B. t. 2093
14659 ptens Hedw.

14660 muticum Schreb.
a majus Hooker
A minus Hooker
14661 cuspidtum Schreb.
at apiculatum Hooker
Schreberinum E. B.
spreading
pointless
large
solitary
solitary
solitary
solitary
solitary
solitary
small
cuspidate
pointed
t. 2026
- -
Musc brit.t5
Y.G moist banks Musc brit. t.3
# spr. and sum. Pa. G clay fields.
.# spr. and sum. Bt.G

spr. and sum. Bt.G
.#* spr.
and sum. Bt.G
- -
Musc britt:5
moist banks Musc. brit t5
moist banks Eng.: bott. 2:7

sea coast
Musc britt 5
# spr. and sum. Gr, hed, moi...ba. Musc, britt.

* spr. and sum. Gsh
hed. moi. ba. Eng-bot. t. 2025

-
curvistum E. B. t. 2259
A piliferum
14662 bryoides Dicks.
14663 rectum. Withering
14664 curvicllum Hedw,
ilferous
ryum-like
upright
bent-necked
solitary
solitary
solitary
solitary
2218. SCHISTOSTEGA. Mohr. Schistosted.A.

14665 pennta Hooker
feather
solitary
* spr and sum. Hoa sandy downs Eng, bott 1888

+ spr. and sum. G
banks and fi. Musc brit t5
* spr. and sum. L.G moist banks Musc brit t5
* spr. and sum. L.G moist banks Musc. brit-t
Sp. 1.
4 spring
L.G. banks, Dev. Musc brit. t.8
Gymnstomum penntum E.B. t. 2219

2219. GYMNOSTOMUM. Hedw. GYMNosroMUM.
14666 lappnicum Hedw. Lapland
dense tufts
14667 aestivum Hedw.
lutolum E. B. t. 220.1
sumner
thick tufts
14668 viridis'simum E. B.
very green
tufts
. Sp. 13-47.
1 spring
1} spring
D.G. alpine rocks Musc brit to

Bt.G wet rocks
14669 curvirstrum Hedw, bent-pointed

stelligerum E. B. t. 2202
14570 rupestre Schwaegr. rock
aeruginsum E. B. t. 2200
14671 Griffithsianum E. B. Griffith's
14077 pyriforme Hedw.

14678 tenue Hedw.
slender
1} spring
large tufts
14 spr. and sum. D.G moi.mouro. Schwag suptill

* summer
broad patches # all months
intermdium E. B. t. 1976
14674 Heimii Hedw.
Heim's
obtusum E. B. t. 1407
conical
bundled
pyriform
tufts
little spots
ovate
Co/n/non,
S grcile Hooker
slender
14673 trunctulum Haffin. truncate
14675 cnicum Schwaegr.

14676 fasciculre Hedw,
- -
Bt.G trees& rocks Musc brit. t.8
Grim'mia Forstri E. B. 2225
14672 ovtum Hedw.

a vulgre Hooker
Musc brit.t-6
-
# summer
Pa.G moist rocks Musc. brit t5
Pa.G mountains Musc britt?

Gr ba & watops Musc, britt?
broad patches
all months
broad patches ; all months
patches
* all months
Gr
ba. & watops Eng bot. t. 1889
Gr, ba & watops
small patches 1 summer
Rsh
Bt.G fields & ban. Musc brit.t."

-
marit banks Musc britt,7

-
Pa.G fields, S.Irel. Musc brit to

Y.G clayey banks Musc brit. :
Bt.G moist places Musc brit: t:
solitary
Pa.G. Scotch rocks Musc brit.t."
li
paucifolium E. B. t. 2506
14679 Donninum Smith Donn's
--
little spots
* summer
patches
# summer
dense patches
summer
little patches
spring
Bt.G. sandst rocks Musc brit. tT

-
* spring
2220. HYMENO'STOMUM. R. Brown. HYMENosroMUM. sp. 1.

14680 microstmum R. Br., small-mouthed little-patches 1 spring
Pa.G. banks
Musc, brit.t."
Gymnstomum micrstomum E. B. t. 2215

2221. TETRAPHIS. Hedw. TETRAPhis.
14681 pellcida Hedw.
llucid
14682 Brownina Greville
rown's
ovta Hooker
Grim'mia Brownidna E. B. t. 1422
14662
Sp. 2-5.
wide tufts
solitary
14663
1 all months
* all months
Pa.G dry banks Musc brit-t's

ol.G roofs ofcaves Musc britts
146ft

which are not only amongst the minute of mosses, and often scarcely discernible to the naked eye, but also
extremely dissimilar in appearance to each other.
.#218 Schistostega. From azua, to split, and six,

in allusion to the singular character of the
lid splitting at the margin. The only nown station aforcovering,
this min
moss is said by Dr. Hooker, from whose
Muscologia Britannica, many of the remarks in this work upon ute
the genera of mosses are borrowed, to be in
the road from Zele to
Tawton
church,
near
Okehampton,
Devonshire.
*19. GymnostomanSouth
From ? naked, and s, the mouth, in allusion to the processes called teeth,
from the orifice of the th eca. Very minute plants, muny of which are barely distinguishable by the naked eye
ORD. V. TRIBE II.
"
--
MUSCI VAGINULATI OLOCARP1.
899
** Creeping shoots none.

14655 Leaves entire lanceolato-subulate, Innovations elongated
14656 Leaves lanceolato-subulate flexuose crisped when dry
14657 Leaves subulato-setaceous straight: their nerve disappearing below the point
14658 Leaves lanceolato-subulate straight: their nerve disappearing below the point, Fruit at length lateral
14659 Leaves patent narrow-ovate serrated: their nerve disappearing below the point
14660 Leaves ovato-rotundate acuminate concave connivent: the nerve reaching to the point
a Leaves sharply serrated at point
B Leaves entire
14661 Leaves ovato-acuminate erect: their nerve reaching to the point

* Leaves apiculate
Leaves hair-pointed
14662 Leaves ovate apiculate, Thecae elliptical
14663 Leaves ovate with a short point, Thecae globose, Fruitstalk nearly erect
14664 Leaves narrow-ovate acuminated, Thecae globose, Fruitstalk curved
* Stem long, branched.
14666 Leaves linear lanceolate crisped when dry: perichaetial broadly ovate, Thecae turbinate striated
14667 Lvs. lanc. twist, when dry: the perichaetial ones broadly ovate; their marg. involute, Thecae obl. smooth
14668 Leaves broadly lanceolate, Thecae ovate, Lid obliquely rostrate
14669 Leaves subulate, Thecae turbinate ovate, Lid obliquely rostrate
14670 Lvs. lin. subul. spreading flexuose twisted when dry, Thecae ovate, Lid conical rost. shorter than thecae
** Stems short simple.
14671 Lvs. obov.-rotund. reticul.: their nerve disappear. below summit, Fruitstalk carnose thick, Lid hemispher.
14672 Lvs. ovate erect concave piliferous: their nerve furnished with a granuliferous membrane, Lid rostrate
a Thecae ovate
Thecae oblong
14673 Leaves ovate apiculate patent nearly plane, Lid obliquely rostrate
14674 Leaves lanceolate serrated at the point, Thecae ovato-oblong, Lid obliquely rostrate
14675 Leaves oblongo-obovate apiculate, Thecae ovate, Lid conical obtuse
14676 Leaves oblongo-acum. nearly plane subserrated margined, Thecae
Lid plane submammillate
14677 Leaves ovato-acum. concave serrated not margined, Thecae roundish obovate, Lid convex shortly rost.
14678 Stem scarcely any, Outer leaves very short ovate lanceolate: inner ones linear lanceolate; all erect obtuse
with a strong nerve disappearing below the summit, Thecae oblong
14679 Stem very short, Leaves subulate straight, Thecae turbinate
[subulate incurved
14680 Lvs. broadly subul. : marg. invol. above flexuose crisped when dry, Thecae ellipt contracted atmouth, Lid
14681 Stems elongated, Leaves ovato-acuminate: those of the perichaetium lanceolate, Thecae cylindrical
14682 Stems very short, Lvs. few lin. slightly incrassated upw.: those of perichaetium ovate obtuse, Thecae ovate
14671
14680
14077
14672
14681
14682&
2420. Hymenostomum. From Juny, a membrane, and sowa, a mouth. This genus differs from the last in
having a membrane stretched across the orifice of the theoa, a character first discovered by Mr. Brown.
Minute plants, with the habit of Gymnostomum.
2221. Tetraphis. The peculiar character of this genus is to have four teeth (rarga, four). The lid in the
only known species of this genus is remarkably thin and scariose in texture, and the teeth are reticulated, not
striated as in most mosses. The calyptra is striated or furrowed; the leaves are rigid.
3 M 2
~~~~
900
CRYPTOG AMIA.
2222. ENCALYPTA. Hedw.
ENcALYPra.
14683 streptocrpa Hedw, twisted-fruited tufts

14684 vulgris Hedw.
Common
wide patches
Pryum extinctrium E. B. t. 538
14685 cilita Hedw.
a concolor Hooker
ciliated
whole-colored
1* all months
tufts
tufts
tufts
alpina Hooker
alpine
14686 rhaptocrpa Sahwaeg. straight-fruit. tufted
2223. GRIM/MIA. Hedw. GRiMMiA.
14687 apocrpa Hedw.
alpine
dense tufts
a nigro-viridis Hooker dark-green
A stricta Turner
straight
DI.G wall tops
Musc. brit. t-13
* spring
# spring
a spring
# '' months
Sp. 9-29.
1* all months
Pa.G mountains
Musc. brit. t-15
D.Ol rocks & trees Eng bot. t. 1134
all seasons
14688 maritima Turn.
sea-coast
14689 saxicola Hooker

14690 pulvinta E. B.
rock
cushion
subsolitary
round tufts
! summer
+ all seasons
14691 leucophae'a Grev.
mottled
Welsh
broad tufts
little patches
* all seasons
+ spring
Encalypta Davisii E. B. t. 1281

14693 ovta. Web. & Mohr. ovate
Bt.G moist rocks Musc brit t-13
4 all months
tufts
loose tufts
tufted
14692 Daviesii Turn.
CLAss XXIV
Sp.4-7.
3 all seasons
Pa.G mountains Eng. bot. t. 1418

Pa. G. Scotch alps Eng bot. t. 1419
D.G. Scot mount. Gre.cryp, fl.t-l
D.Ol rocks & trees Musc brit. t. 13
Ruf
mountains
Tumu.hit.2.fl.
# spr. and aut. Br.G marine rocks Musc. brit-t-13

Bt.G rocks
Musc. brit, t-13
Br.G house-tops
Musc brit.t-13
D.Ol subalp rocks Wer. trans 4 to

Br.G marit, rocks Musc. brit. t. 13
# spr. and sum. D.G alpine rocks Musc brit. t. 13
tufts
Ducrnum ovle E. B. t. 2165
14694 trichophylla Greville hair-leaved

14695 Donina Smith
2224. WEISSIA. Hedw.
Don's
# summer
* spring
tufts
little tufts
Weissua.
Hoa stonew, Sc.

D.G.
loose stones Musc brit. t. 13
Sp. 19-54.
14696 splachnoides Schweg. Splachnu.-like broad tufts
3 summer
D.G. Scotch bogs Grew.cryp.fi.145
spring
L.G. banks, Irel. Musc brit. t. 14
Grim'mia splachnoides E. B. t. 2164

Splach'num lingulatumn E. B. t. 9.095
14697 Templetni Hooker
Irish
little patches
Punaria Templetni E. B. t. 2524

14698 m (ida Hooker
little patches
naked
Grim'mia nda E. B. t. 1421

14699 nigrita Hedw.
dark-colored
Grim'mia nigrita E. B. t. 1825
14700 latifolia Schwaeg.
broad-leaved
14701 Starkena Hedw.
Starke's
Grim'mia Starkeana E. B. t. 1490
14702 affinis Hooker
kindred
14703 lanceolta Hook.
lanceolate
Grim'mia lanceolta E. B. t. 1408
14704 strita Hooker

a minor Hook.
8 mjor Hook.
14705 trichdes Hooker
summer
Br.G mount ban. Musc brit. t.14
tufted
* autumn
spring
Pa.G. Scot. mount. Grev. cryp.f.149
spring
# summer
Pa.G fields
Musc brit. t. 14
L.G moist banks Musc brit. t.14
little patches
subsolitary
subsolitary
round tufts
round tufts
round tufts
Grim'mia trichdes E. B. t. 2563

14706 cirrta Hedw.
cirrhate
Grim'mia cirrta E. B. t. 2356
Grim mia Dicksni E. B. t. 1420
14707 curvirstra Hook.
bent-beaked
Musc brit. t14
# summer
* spring
+ spring
* spring
minute patch.
spring
striated
small
targe
hairy
L.G. clayey soil
tufts
h summer
tufts
tufts
all seasons
D.G. banks and fi. Musc brit. t. 14
Bt.G
Bt.G
Bt.G
Bt.G
alpine banks
alpine banks
alpine banks
granite roc.
Musc brit. t.15

Hed.sp.must 13
Schwag.sup.t. 19
Musc brit. t. 15
L.G decay wood Musc brit. t.15

R.G
roc. and ban. Musc brit. t. 14
Grim'mia recurvirstra E. B. t. 1438

14708 cris'pula Hedw.
crisp
dense tufts
Grim'mia cris'pula E. B. t. 2263
14709 controvrsa Hedw, disputed
dense patches
* sum. and aut. D.G rooks
Musc, brit. t.15
# all seasons
Bt.G. banks
Musc brit. t15
Grim'mia controvrsa E. B. t. 1367

14710 calcrea Hedw.
chalk
subsolitary
* spring
Ol.G chalk cliffs
Musc brit. t. 15
solitary
* spring
L.G
Musc, brit. til
Brum calcreum E. B. t. 191

14711 recurvta Hooker
recurved
rocks
Grim'mia recurvta E. B. t. 1489

14684
Encalypta.
From *, within, and xxxvrrwg, a covering or extinguisher, on account of the unusual size
#2
the Calyptra,
which entirely encloses the theca, a character by which the genus may be distinguished at
"...sight. Small plants, forming imperfect tufts of green among moist rocks, or on ''
walls.
223. Grimmia. Named in honor of I. F. C. Grimm, a German botanist, who published a Flora of Eisenach
--
ORD. V. TRIBE II.
MUSCI VAGINULATI OLOCARPI.
901
[Calyptra toothed at the base

14683 Stemselong. Lvs. elliptico-lanc. somew. obt. : nerve not produced beyond sum. Thecae cylind. spiral striat.
14684 Stems short, Leaves oblongo-elliptical obtuse: their nerve produced a little beyond the summits, Thecae
cylindrical smooth, Calypt. entire at the base
14685 Stems short, Lvs. obl: acum. : nerve produced considerably bey. summ. Thecae cylind. Calyp. tooth. at base
a Leaves apiculate: their points of the same color, Theca smooth
Leaves much acuminate: their points diaphanous, Theca smooth
14086 Leaves oblong acute: nerve as long or longer than the leaves, Theca straight striated
* Fruitstalks scarcely any.
14687 Stems branched, Leaves ovato-lanceolate recurvo-patent : their margins reflexed; the perichaetial ones
having their nerve disappearing immediately below their summits, Thecae ovate sess. Lid shortly rost.
* Leaves broad dark-green
s Stem long, Leaves narrow and rufous
[running beyond summits, Theca ov. sess. Lid shortly rost.
14688 Stems short pulvin. Lvs. lanc. acum. nearly erect crisp. when dry: marg. recurv.; perich. ones with nerve
** Fruitstalks longer than leaves.
14689 Stem scarcely any, Lvs. lin.-subulate crisped when dry, Theca ovate, Fruitst, geniculate, Lid rost straight
14690 Stems short pulvinate, Leaves narrow efliptical: their margins recurved; points diaphanous piliform,
Theca ovate striated, Fruitstalks curved, Lid conical acuminate
14691 Stem rather short, Lvs. ov. with long white pilifer points, Footst. very short, Theca ov. Lid obscurely rost.
14692 Stems short, Leaves lanceolate acuminate carin, entire much cris
when dry: their margins recurved;
those of the perichaetium broad and convol. Theca turbinate, Lid rostrate
14693 Stems slightly branched, Leaves lanceolate-subulate gradually produced into long diaphanous hair-like
points: their margin incurved, Theca ovate, Teeth of the peristome often perfora, and split, Lid rost.
14694 Lvs. lanc. subul. carin. recurv. at edge with a hair-like point, Seta curv. and flex. Theca ov. ellipt. Lid rost.
14695 Stems short, Leaves lanceolate-subulate produced into long diaphanous hair-like points: their margin
incurved, Theca ovate, Teeth of the peristome quite entire, Lid shortly rostrate
* Theca with an
14696 Lvs. lingul. rounded at top: nerve disappear. before summ. Theca obov. Apophy obcon. Lid convex acum.
14697 Leaves ovato-lanceolate acute, Theca (with the apophysis) narrowly pyriform, Lid nearly plane
** Theca destitute of an apophysis.
1. Leaves ovate or lanceolate.
14698 Stems scarcely any, Leaves ovato-lanceolate nerveless, Theca ovate gibbous on one side cernuous
14699 Stems elongat. Lvs. lanc. acum. Theca obovate cernuous gibbous sulcate, Lid hemispheric. obtusely point.
[erect-cernuous, Lid rostrate
14700 Stem simple short, Leaves broad and bluntly ov. with a short point imbric. Nerve shorter than leaf, Theca
14701 Stems very short, Lvs. ov. with an excurr, nerve, Theca ov. erect, Lid conical, Teeth of perist. subul. acute
14702 Stems very short, Lvs. ov. with an excurr. nerve, Theca ov. erect, Lid conic. Teeth of perist subulate acute
14703 Stems somew. elongat. Lvs. ov. with an excurr. nerve almost piliferous, Theca ovate, Lid obliquely rostrate
2. Leaves linear or subulate.
14704 Leaves linear denticul, crisped when dry, Theca ovato-turbinate sulcate erect, Lid obliquely subulate
& Leaves linear-subulate subserrulate
Leaves broad-linear denticulate
14705 Stems scarcely any, Leaves subulato-setaceous entire, Theca ovate striated, Lid rostrate
14706 Leaves broadly subulate crisped when dry: their margins recurved, Theca ovate, Lid rostrate
14707 Leaves linear-subulate, Theca ovate cylindraceous, Lid rostrate
14708 Stems divid. Lvs. from abroad base lanc.-subul. crisp. when dry: marg. incurv. Theca ov. ellipt.Lidrostrate
14709 Stems nearly simple, Lvs. lin.-subul. crisp, when dry: their marg. incurv. Theca ovato-ellipt. Lid rostrate
14710 Stems scarcely any, Lvs. from a broad baselin. obt, thick with a very broad nerve, Theca turbin. Lid rost.
14711 Stems scarcely any, Leaves subulate, Theca broadly ovate, Fruitstalks curved, Lid rostrate
14701
14696
14697"
14699 |
14703
14705
14710
M 14704
Plants growing in roundish tufts, and nearly related to Trichostomum. G. pulvinata is the moss which
forms those little cushion-like dark brownish green lumps which are so commonly spotted over the tops of
walls#
and houses.
:
In honor of J. W. Weiss, a German cryptogamic botanist. There was also a John
old
3 M 3
902
CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLAss XXIV.
14712 pusilla Hedw.

dwarf
Grim'mia pusilla E. B. t. 2551
dense patches is spring
Bt.G calcar. rocks Musc, brit. t15
14713 verticillta Schweg, whorled
tufts
Grim'mia verticillata E. B. t. 1258

14714 actita Hedw.
acute
Grim'mia acta E. B. t. 1644
tufts
2225. DICRA'NUM. Hedw.
# summer
Musc. brit. t.15

-
1 sum. and aut. Ol.G moist rocks Musc brit. t.15
Sp. 23-47
Dicn ANUM.
14715 gla(cum Hedw.
glaucous
broad tufts
broad-leaved subsolitary
Trachstomum pilferum E. B. 2536
14717 longifolium Hedw,
long-leaved
dense tufts
4 autumn
# spring
14716 latifolium Hedw.
14718 flexuosum Hedw.
Bt.G moist rocks
flexuose
loose tufts
yellowish
14720 squarrsum Schrad squarrose
14719 flavscens Smith
tufts
large masses
W.G moors
Musc, brit. t.15
Bt.G moun banks Musc brit. t. 16
3 win. and spr. Bt.G. wet rocks

3 win. and spr. D.G peat bogs
Musc brit t-16

Musc brit. t. 16
3 win. and spr. Y.G river banks Musc. brit. t17

3 summer
Y
wet san. pl. Musc brit. t. 17
14721 pellcidum Swz.
pellucid
tufts
13 spr. and sum. D.G wet san. pl. Musc brit. t.17
14722 sprium Hedw.
spurious
dense masses
4 summer
14723 cris'pum Hedw.
crisp
loose patches
3 all months
14724 Scottinum Turn.

Scott's
flagellre E. B. t. 1977
14725 polycrpon Ehr.
prolific
Pruntni E. B. t. 9509
large masses
14726 undultum Ehr.
wave-leaved
tufts
rock
3
3
2
loose patches
a
loose patches *
14727 scoprium Hedw.

a mjus Hooker
patches
patches
loose patches
loose patches
win. and spr.

win. and spr.
spring
spring
spring
i spring
a spring
Bt.G rocks
Musc. brit. t. 18
Bt.G woods & roc. Musc, brit. LlS
Dp.G woods & ban. Musc brit. t18

Dp.G woods & ban. Eng bot t, 354
Brsh heathy plac. Eng bot. t. 157
D.G
moist banks Musc brit. t17
D.G moist banks Eng. bot. t. 1215

Rsh
moist banks Eng. bott. 1216
Lur
# spr and sum. Bt.G crev.of rocks Grev. crypf.188

large patches + spring
Bt.G moist banks Musc, brit. t18
dense tults
14730 heteromllum Hedw, interrupted

14731 subultum Hedw.
* all seasons
24 summer
tufts
14728 vrium Hedw.

various
a viride Hooker
7"cer,
callis'tomum Smith FI. Brit.
A rufescens
brown
7 lridum Hooker
durid
14729 fulvllum Smith
tawny
Musc, brit. t. 17
2} sum. and aut. Bt.G mount rocks Musc brit. t18
round t, fts
large
brownish
8 fuscscens Turner
Bt.G. bogs
Bt.G moist banks Musc. brit t-17
subulate
14732 cervicultum Hedw. hooked

pusillum E. B. t. 2491
loose patches
a spring
Bt.G moist banks Musc brit. t.18
small spots
* spring
Str
bogs
Musc. brit. t16
uncintum E. B. t. 2261
14733 virens Hedw.
green
tufts
13 all seasons
Bt.G mount. mar. Musc brit. t.17
14734 strumiferum Smith
tufts
1 all seasons
Bt.G mount. mar. Musc brit. t. 17
thick-necked
14735 falctum Hedw.
large patches 2 spr. and aut. Bt.G alpine rocks Hoo.mus-brt 17

tufted
* spring
Bt.G moi.pl., Scot. Grev. cryp.fl.116
tufts
1 spring
Bt.G alpine rocks Musc brit. t. 17
falcate
14736 Schreberinum Hedw, Schreber's
14737 Strkii Web. & Mohr. Starke's
2226. TRICHOS/TOMUM. Hedw, TRICHostomuM.

spreading
deep patches
icrnum ptens E. B. t. 1990
14738 ptens Schwagr.
Sp. 9-18.
6 all seasons
Hoa mountains
Musc brit. t. 19
Tr. obtusum Fl. Brit.
14739 lanuginsum Hedw, woolly

14740 canescens hedu.
hoary
deep tufts
4 all seasons
Hoa stonymount. Musc brit. t.19
tufted creep.
11 all seasons
Y.G heaths
broad tufts
Hoa
ston. on mo. Musc brit. t. 19
Ol
rocks
Musc, brit. t.19
-. Tericoides E. B. t. 1991
14741 heterstichum Hedw.branched
all seasons
14742 microcrpon Hedw, small-fruited deep patches 2 all seasons

14713
Musc. brit. t 19
14723
14718
f
|
14716
14720 \z.

Christopher Weiss, who published, in 1712, a Dissertation on the pomegranate. These plants are chiefly found
h wet places, most frequently in alpine countries; in habit they resemble Gymnostomum.
*5. Dicranum. Named by Hedwig, from Bux?avor, forked, in allusion to the division of the teeth. This
is one of the finest genora of mosses, containing many species which form broad masses of turfy vegetation,
giving a decided character to the face of the carth where they grow. Like most of the genera of this order,
-
ORD. V. TRIBE II.
90's
14712 Stems scarcely any, Leaves subulate, Theca ovate, Fruitstalks always erect, Lid rostrate
14713 Stems branched, Leaves broadly subulate nearly flat rather flaccid, Theca ovate, Lid rostrate
14714 Stems branched, Leaves subulate-setaceous subsecund rigid canaliculate, Theca turbinate, Lid rostrate
* Theca without a struma.
14715 Stems branched fastigiate, Lvs. erecto-patent ov. lanc. straight nervelessent. Theca ov. cern. Lid rostrate
14716 Stems short, Leaves oblong concave entire apiculate or piliferous, Theca erect ovato-oblong, Lid rostrate
[nearly erect, Lid rostrate
14717 Stems elongat. Lvs very long subul-setace falcato-secund serrul. : nerve very broad, Theca oblongo-ovate
14718 Stems nearly simple rigid, Leaves lanceolato-subulate acuminated straight: their nerve very broad,
Fruitstalks flexuose, Theca ovate striated, Lid rostrate
14719 Stems branched, Lvs. long lanc. serrul. point in all directions crisp when dry, Thecae obl. erect, Lid rost.
147-O Stems somewhat branched, Leaves from a broad sheathing base lanceolate obtuse recurved and patent
directed to every side crisped when dry, Theca ovate subcernuous, Lid rostrate
14721 stems branched, feaves lanceolate: their margins slightly undulated serrated rather obtuse pointing in
all directions, Theca ovate subcernuous, Lid rostrate
14722 Stems elongated, Leaves fasciculated concave erecto-patent directed to every side ovate: the superior
ones lanceolate serrulate, Theca oblong curved, Lid rostrate
1472.3 Stems short, Leaves from a sheathing base setaceous nearly distichous flexuoso-recurved crisped when
dry, Theca erect ovate, Lid with a long beak
14724. Stems branched, Leaves erecto-patent directed to every side subulate: their margins plane subserrated
crispcd when dry, Theca ovate cylindraceous nearly erect, Lid with a long beak
14725 Stems branched, Lvs. patent directed to every side lanceolate-subulate: their margins recurved flexuose
subserrulate cris
when dry, Theca obovate subcernuous, Lid rostrate
14726 Stems elongated, Leaves
plane lanceolate attenuate serrulate at the points transversely undul.
Theca cylindrac cernuous, Lid with a long beak
14727 Stems elongated, Lvs. narr subul. canalicul, sec. Theca cylindrac arched cernuous, Lid with a long beak
a Leaves falcato secund
B Leaves subsecund narrow crisped when dry

14728 Stems short, Leaves narrow hastato-lanceolate, Theca ovate, Lid rostrate
at Leaves pointing all ways lanceolate green, Theca subcernuous
a Leaves subsecund lanceolate subulate reddish, Theca erect
2 Leaves subsecund subulate lurid, Theca subcernuous
[stalk, Lid short rostrate
14729 Stem near. simp. Lvs. very long subul, setac.: nerve obsolete percurr. Theca obov. erect striat. with a short
14730 Stems branched, Leaves subul. falcato-secund nearly ent. Theca ovate subcernuous, Lid with a long beak
14731 Stems branch. Lvs. from a broadsheath. base subul. setace sec. ent. Theca ov, subcern. Lid with long beak
** Theca with a struma.
14732 Stems short, Lvs. lanc. subul, ent subsec.: nerve very broad, Theca ovate subcern.strumose, Lid rost.
[tions, Theca furrowed oblongo-ovate subcern strum Lid rost
14733 Stems elongat. Lvs. from abroad sheath. base subul. ent : marg. plane crisp, when dry pointing in all direc
14734 Stems elongated, Leaves from a broad sheathing base subulate entire: their margins plane crisped when
dry pointing in all directions, Theca furrowed oblongo-ovate subcernuose strumose, Lid rostrate
14735 Stems nearly simple, Lvs. long lanc subul, falcato secund nearly ent. Theca ov. subcern. strum. Lid rost.
14736 Stem erect simple, Lvs. spread long subul, dilated and amplexic, at base, Theca ov. cernu. strum. Lid rost.
14737 Stems somew.branch. Lvs. lanc. subul. falcato-secund entire, Theca oblongo-ov. suberect strum. Lid rost.
14738 Stems elongat. Lvs. lanc. acuminated carinated: margins recurv. Theca ovate, Fruitst, curved, Lid conic.
14739 Stems elongated subpinnate, Leaves lanceolato-subulate acuminate: their long diaphanous points serrat.;
margins recurved, Theca ovate, Fruitstalk short on lateral branches, Lid rostrate
14740 stemselongated irregularly branched, Leaves ovato-lanceolate: their diaphanous acuminated points
slightly serrated, Theca ovate, Teeth of the peristome very long and filif Lid subulate
14741 Stems elongated branched, Leaves ovato-lanceolate: their diaphanous acuminated points slightly serrat.
Theca oblong, Teeth of the peristome rather short, Lid rostrate
14742 Stems elongated branched, Leaves lanceolate: their diaphanous acuminated points slightly serrated,
Theca oblong, Teeth of the peristome rather short, Lid rostrate
14732
14734
14737
there are species included in this which vary considerably from the common appearance of the group. The
most distinct of these forms is, however, removed, after the example of the German muscologists, to Fissidens;
which see.
2226. Trichostomum. From Sel rever, hair, and sea, a mouth; the divisions of the mouth of the theca
being very fine. The species are for the most
''':
green
3
4
mountain plants, with hair-pointed leaves,
904
CRYPTOGAMIA.
Class XXIV.
14743 aciculre Beauv.

needle-pointed loose tufts
14 summer
Dicrnum aciculre E. B. t. 1978
14744 fasciculre Schrad, bundled
broad patches 2 all seasons
14745 polyphyllum Schwarg many-leaved round tufts
# summer
Dicrnum polyphyllum E. B. t. 1217
OLG wet rocks
Musc brit. t.19
Y.G moun, rocks Musc brit. t. 19

Bt.G moun. rocks Musc. brit. t. 19
Tr. cirrtum Fl. Brit.
14746 clipticum Hook.

elliptical
little tufts
D.crnum ellipticum E. B. t. 1901
2227, CINCLIDOTUS. Pal. de Beauv. CiNcludotus.
14747 fontinaloides Beauv. water
floating
# spr. and sum. Bt.G moun. rocks Musc brit. t. 19

Sp. 1.
5 summer
D.Ol in streams
Musc brit. t. 11
Fontinalis minor E. B. t. 557
14748 rigida Swz.
ToRTULA.
rigid
small patches
14749 murlis Hedw.
wall
tufts
2228. TORTULA. Ehr.
Sp. 1138.
# all seasons
D.G rocks & walls Musc britt-12
1 all seasons
D.G everywhere Musc brit. t. i2.
14750 rurlis Ehr.
country
deep patches 2 all seasons
14751 subulta Hedw.
subulate
thick tufts
14752 cuneifolia Roth.
wedge-leaved solitary
Y.G
banks
Musc. brit. t. 12
* spring
Y.G
banks
Musc, brit. t.12
spring
Y.G
riv. sides, Sc. Muse brit. t12
solitary
14753 stellta Smith.

stellate
14754 tortuosa Hedw.
tortuous
14755 fallax Swz.
deceitful
T. unguiculdla E. B. t. 2316
T. imber bis E. B. t. 2329
14756 revolta Brid.
revolute
T. nervosa E. B. t. 2383
broad masses
tufts
D.G trees & ban. Musc. brit. t. 12
1* all seasons
'' and sum L.G limest rocks Musc brit-t-i

1* all seasons L.G everywhere Musc brit. t. 12
1
tufts
* spring
L.G.
tufts
* spring
Dp.G. bam. & hedg. Musc brit. t. 12
loose patches
+ spring
Y.G moist banks Musc brit. t. 12
banks
Musc, brit. t.12

-
14757 unguiculta Hooker unguiculate

T mucronulata E. B. t. 1299
T. aristta E. B. t. 2392
T. barbata E. B. t. 2391
T. hamilis E. B. t. 1663
T. apiculata E. B. t. 2494
14738 convolta Swz.
convolute
2220. PTEROGONIUM. Swz.

PreRodoNiuM.
14759 Smith'ii Swz.
Smith's
creeping
14760 grcile Swz.
slender
creeping
Sp. 3-7
3 all seasons
Bt.G trees, S. Eng. Musc brittl
1* all seasons
Bt.G subalp. rocks Musc brit. t. 14
creeping
1* all seasons
Bt.G mountains
14761 filifrme Hedw.
filiform
Musc brit. t. 14
P. caespitosum E. B. t. 2526
2230. DIDY/MODON. Hedw,
14762
Greum Hedw.
DidyModoN.
#
#'
'. bipartitum E. B. t. 2357
Dicrnum strictum E. B. t. 9.2:
large patches
Sp. 10.
* all seasons
Rsh moist rocks Musc. brit t20
Dicranum Cel'sii E. B. t. 2414
Trichstomum papillsum E. B. t. 2533

14763 inclintum Swz.
spots
# spring
L.G moun. rocks Musc brit. t.20
14764 nervsum Hook.
inclining
loose patches
* spring
Dp G dry banks
14765
loose tufts
* spr. and sum. Bt.G. banks
Grim'mia inclinta
E. B. t. 1824
nerved
Grim'mia atrovirens E. B. t. 2015
flexiflium Hook.
bent leaved
Trichstomum flexifolium E. B. t. 2490

14766 rigidulum Hedw.
rigid
tufts
Trichstomum rigidulum E. B. t. 2178
14767 trifrium Swz.
three-rowed
tufted
Trichstomum trifarium E. B. t. 1707
Trichstomum linoides E. B. t. 2295
14743
# spr. and sum. Br
Musc brit t20

Musc. buit. t.20
walls & roc. Musc brit t20
# spr. and sum. Bt.G moist banks Musc brit t20

14748
14745
f
*
-
\
14747
11751
which give them the appearance of being hoary. The genus is nearly related to Grimmia both in natural and
.2227. Cinclidotus. So called from xizzau?arer, grated, in allusion to the peculiar netted manner in which the
ciliae of the peristome are united in parcels. A plant from four to six inches long, growing on stones and
wood in streams of water, in many places exceedingly common. Its general appearance is that of Trichos
to'n, whils; the poristome more resembles that of a Tortula.
*: Tortua, From torqueo, to twist, in allusion to the singular manner in which the teeth of the peristome
are twisted together. s: Plants, frequently forming thick tufts, and common in almost all situations from
essential characters.
ORD. V. TRIBE II.
MUSCI VAGINULATA OLOCARPI.
905
14743 stemselongat branch. Lvs.lanc. obt. serrulat. at points: nerve vanish. before summ. Theca obl. Lid rost.
14744 Stems elongat branch. Lvs. lanc. ent : summ. never diaphan. ; margins recurv. Theca ovato-obl. Lid rost.
14745 Stems branch. Lvs. lanc-subul.: marg. recurv.serrat.above very much crisp, when dry, Theca obl. Lid rost.
14746 Stems short nearly simple, Lvs. lanc. acum. straight: nerve broad; margins plane-Theca ellipt. Lid rost.
14748 stems scarcely any, Lvs. patent obl. rigid: marg much inflex. Nerve broad, Theca obl. Lid conic. acum.
14749 Stems short, Leaves patent linear-oblong: their margins recurved, Nerve produced beyond the leaf into
a white hair-like point, Theca oblong, Lid conical acuminate
14750 Stems elongated, Leaves oblong carinated patent and recurved, Nerve terminating in a long generally
diaphanous serrated point, Theca oblong, Lid subulate, Teeth of the peristome united below in a tube
14751 Stems very short, Leaves oblongo-lanceolate acuminate: the nerve excurrent often forming an apiculus,
Theca cylindrical, Lid conico-subul. Teeth of the peristome united nearly to the apex into a long tube
14752 Stems scarcely any, Lvs. broadly obov. conc. Nerve terminating beyond top of leaf in a rather long and
frequently serrulated point, Theca oblong, Lid shortly rost. Teeth of the peristome united at the base
14753 Stems scarcely any, Leaves ovate concave, Nerve running beyond points, Theca ovate striated, Lid rost
14754 Stems elongat. branch Lvs. lin.-subul. carinate undulate much twisted when dry, Theca cylind. Lid rost.
14755 Stems elongat branch. Lvs.lanc. subul. pat or recurv. : marg. refl.Theca obl. Lid rost nearly as long as theca
14756 Stems short, Leaves lanceolate acum.: the margins of those of the stem remarkably revolute; perichaetial
leaves sheathing, their sides involute, Theca oblong, Lid rostrate shorter than the theca
14757 Stems branched, Leaves linear-lanceolate obtuse: their nerve produced into an apiculus; the marg nearly
plane, Theca oblong, Lid rostrate nearly as long as the theca
14758 Stems short, Lvs. obl. rather obt.: nerve not protruded; perichaet remarkably convol. Theca obl. Lid rost.
[above half-way up, Fruitstalks very short, Lid rostrate
14759 Stems much branch Branches pinn. Lvs. lingul obt, ent crisp, when dry: marg recurv.; nerve reaching
14760 Branches fascicled curved, Leaves broadly ovate acute concave: their margins plane, summits serrated,
faintly 2-nerved at the base, Lid conical
14761 Stems irregularly branched curved, Leaves ovate subacuminated concave: their margins recurv.serrated;
nerve single or forked: shoots faint, Lid conical
14762 Stems scarcely branched, Leaves lanceolate acuminate carinate: their margins recurved entire, Theca
ovato-cylindraceous oblique substrumose furrowed when dry, Lid conical
14763 Leaves bifarious from a sheathing base subulate, Theca ovate inclined, Lid conical
14764 Leaves obovate shortly apiculate: their nerve incrassated above, Theca ovate erect, Lid shortly rostrate
14765 Stems more or less elongat. Lvs. oblon-ov. flexu. strongly serrat at point, Theca erect cylindrac. Lid rost.
14766 Leaves closely imbricated on all sides lanceolate much acumin. carinate with the rigid nerve running
beyond the point, Theca oblongo-ovate erect, Lid rostrate
14767 Leaves rather distant somewhat trifarious lanc, rather obtuse carinated with the nervescarcely reaching
to the point, Theca oblongo-ovate erect, Lid rostrate
14766
14750
the banks of the sea-shore to the limits of perpetual snow. The character from which the genus has received
its designation, will always indicate the species with perfect truth.
22:9"Pterogonium. A name altered by Swartz from the Pterigynandrum of Hedwig, which was contrived
to express that the male and female flowers of this genus of mosses are both present on a pinnated stem. An
elegant collection of
-ies, generally found in subalpine countries, where they enliven the trunks of trees and
rocks with their bright green trailing entangled stems, which have altogether the habit of Hypnum. P.
Smithii has only been found in this country upon trees in the southern counties, especially in Devonshire.
2:30. Didymodon. So called, by Hedwig, from 3,8was, double, and eBus, a tooth, in reference to the geminate
-
906
CRYPTOGAMIA.
14768 capillceum Schrad. hairy
dense tufts
CLAss XXIV.
4 all seasons
Bt.G moun. banks Musc, brit.t.20
Trichstomum capillaceum E. B. t. 1152

14769 heteromlium Hook. variable
patches
* spring
Y.G mountains Musc britt. 20
Grim'mia heteromlla E. B. t. 1899
14770 obscurum Kaulf.
obscure
broad tufts
1 spr. and sum. I.G alpine rocks Grev. crypt. 193
14771 glaucscens Greville glaucous
closely tufted 1 sum.and win. Gl
Scot moun. Grev. crypt. 127
2231.
sPLACH'NUM"L.
14772 sphaericum Linn.
Sp. 7-19.
SplAchNUM.
spherical
solitary
2 summer
Pa.G dung. ofani. Musc. brit. t. 9
slender
subsolitary
l; summer
Pa.G Scot. moun. Musc.brit. t. 9
tufts
tufts
tufts
2 all seasons
Bt.G mountains
Musc.brit. t. 9
1 all seasons
2 all seasons
D.G mountains
Pa.G mountains
Hesti.cry.2 till
Hesticry.2t-38
ovattum E. B. t. 1590
rugsum E. B. t. 2094
14773 tnue Dicks.
Grim'mia splachnoides Fl. Brit.

14774 mnioides Linn
a minus Hooker
clustered
small
A majus Hooker
large
fastigiditum E. B. t. 786
14775 angusttum Linn
narrowed
tufts
14776 ampullceum Linn, bottle-headed solitary
* spring
Pa. G cow-dung
3 sum. and aut. Pa. G bogs
Musc.brit. t. 9
Musc, brit. t. 9
Turnerianum E. B. t. 1116
14777 vasculsum Hedw,

vascular
rugsum E. B. t. 2094?
14778 Frlichinum Hedw. Frlich's
tufts
2 spring
Pa.G mountains
Grev. crypt-l
little tufts
13 summer
Pa.G mountains
Musc. brit. t. 9
reticultum E. B. t. 2507
2232. CONOS'TOMUM. Swz. CoxostomuM.

14779 borele Swz.
northern
small tufts
Sp. 1-4.
1
Bt.G moun., Scot. Musc.brit. t. 10
summer
Grim'mia constoma E. B. t. 1135
22:33, ORTHOTRICHUM. Hedw. OhriiotRichuM.

Sp. 1349.
14780 Drummndi Hooker Drummond's creeping
13 summer
Drk trun of trees Grev. crypt. 115
14781 and malum Hedw
anomalous
14782 cupultum Hoffm
naked
broad tufts
tufted
# all seasons
D.O. rocks & walls Musc britt. 21
1 all seasons
D.Ol wo. & stones Musc brit. t.21
Bt.G trees & ston. Musc.brit. t.21
ndum E. B. t. 1325
anmalum E. B. t. 1423
14783 crispum Hedw.
crisp
round tufts
14784 Ludwigii Bride!
Ludwig's
creep, branc. 3 sum, and aut. Pa. G smth. branc. Grev. crypt. 133
branched, lax 1 may to july Br rocks & walls Grev. crypt. 105
14785 rupincola Funck

14786 Hutchinsiae Smith
rock
Miss Hutchins's tufts
14787 affine Schrad.
akin
a mjus Hook.
Spmilum E. B.
tufts
tufts
tufts
large
dwarf
14788 diphanum Schrad, transparent
tufts
summer
1 spring
Br.G rocks
l? spring
1* spring
* spring
Musc brit. t. 21
Pa.G trun. of trees Musc brit. t. 21

Pa.G trun of trees Eng, bot. t. 1323
Pa. G trun of trees Eng. bot. t. 2168
14789 pulchllum Smith
pretty
tufts
* spr. and sum. Hoa trees & walls Musc brit. t. 21

* all seasons LG trun of trees Musc brit. t.31
14790 rivulre Turn.
rivulet
floating
2 all seasons
14791 stritum Hedw.
striated
tufts
2 all seasons
Bt.G trees
Musc brit. t.21
14792 Lyllii Hook.
Lyell's
branched
3 all seasons
Y.G
Musc. brit. t. 22
aristtum Turn, hib. t. 9. f. 2
14769
Ol.G roc. in strea. Musc brit. t.31
trees
14776
arrangement of the teeth of the theca. In natural habit, the plants of this genus approach on the one hand
to Weissia, and on the other to Dicranum. With the former, Dr. Hooker observes that two species are liable
to be confounded, viz. Didymodon inclinatum, and D. heteromallum, each of which has but sixteen teeth,
ind their approximation in pairs is with difficulty discoverable. i} inclinatum is a very rare plant, having
": scarcely found any where in this country, except upon the mountains of Cunnemara, in Ireland.
d'. *zz' was one of the Greek names of moss. Generally elegant little plants, with
beautiful forms. The annual species are usually found growing upon dung, while the
in more permanent
are in all cases of rare occurrence. S. Froelichianum
2242.
e summit of
High, situations.
in the ScotchThey
Highlands.
*um. From waves, a cone, and sewa, a mouth, the teeth of the theca being always united at
was
ORD. V. TRIBE II.
MUSCI V.A.GINULATI OLOCARPI.
907
14768 Stems elongated, Leaves nearly distichous subulato-setaceous, Theca erect ovato-cylindrace. Lid conical
14769 Stems rather short, Leaves subsecund subulate, Theca ovate cylindraceous, Lid conical
14770 Leaves lanceolate subulate tortuose when dry, Nerve strong, Theca suberect ovate, Lid obliquely rostrate
14771 Stem branched erect, Leaves lanc. acum. spreading, Nerve reaching apex, Theca oblong with a short lid
14772 Leaves obovato-rotundate acuminate slightly serrated, Apophysis ovate globose wider than the theca
14773 Leaves obovato-acuminate serrated, Apophysis obconical narrower than the theca, Columella exserted
14774 Leaves ovato-lanceolate much acuminat concave entire, Apophysis obovate nearly as narrow as the theca
Deeper color with shorter stems
a Paler color with longer stems
[than the leaves
14775 Lvs. ovato-lanc. much acuminat serrat. Apophy, obov. somew. narrow. than theca, Fruitst. scarcely longer
14776 Leaves ovato-lanceolate acuminated serrated, Apophysis inversely flagon-shaped twice as wide as theca
-
14777 Lvs. rhombo-rotund. obt.: the nerve disappearing before point, Apophysis globose much wider than theca
14778 Lvs. ov. rounded at points: nerve disappear. before summ. Apophysis obovate much narrower than theca
14779 Stems rather short, Leaves lanceolate acuminated carinated slightly toothed
* Peristome without ciliary processes.
14780 Lvs. obl.lanc. slightly curl. Theca clav. furrow. Lid with a long beak, Teeth 16 simple, Calyptravery hairy
14781 Leaves lanceolate erecto-patent, Fruitstalks exserted, Peristome of 8 double teeth, Calyptra slightly pilose
14782 Leaves lanc. erecto-patent, Theca nearly sessile, Peristome of 16 double teeth, Calyptra slightly pilose
** Peristome with 8 ciliary processes.
14783 Leaves lanceolato-subulate much crisped when dry, Fruitstalk much exserted, Theca striated, Peristome
with 8 ciliary processes, Calyptra very pilose
14784 Leaves erect spreading narrow-lanceolate crisp when dry, Theca pyriform smooth plaited and contracted
at orifice, Calyptra very hairy
14785 Lvs. erect rigid broad-lanc. Theca somew, immersed striat. toward mouth, Teeth 16, Calyptra very hairy
14786 Leaves lanceolate erect and nearly straight when dry, Fruitstalks much exserted, Theca striated, Perist.
with 8 ciliary processes, Calyptra very pilose
14787 Leaves patent broadly lanceolate, Theca sessile, Peristome with 8 ciliary processes, Calyptra subpilose
*** Peristome with 16 ciliary processes.

14788 Stems short, Lvs. lanc. acum.: points diaphan. Theca sess. Perist with 16 ciliary process. Calypt. subpilose
14789 Stems short, Lvs. pat, narr, lanc, crisp when dry, Footst-exserted, Perist, with 16 slenderciliary processes,
Calyptra subpilose
14790 Stems elongated much branched, Leaves broadly lanceolate obtuse, Theca sessile, Peristome with 16
slender ciliary processes, Calyptra smooth
14791 stems elongated branched, Leaves lanceolate-patent slightly twisted when dry, Theca sess ovate smooth,
Peristome with 16 torulose ciliary processes, Calyptra subpilose.
14792 stems elongated much branched, Leaves, long linear lanceolate recurvo-patent much crisped when dry,
Theca obl.striat. Peristome with 16 rather broad distinctly jointed ciliary processes, Calypt. very hairy
14783
the points. A curious genus, first established by Swartz, in Schrader's Journal. The British species approaches in
habit to Bartramia fontana. It is quite an alpine plant, not growing in Switzerland at a lower elevation than 7 or
8000 feet. With us it inhabits the summits of the highest Scotch mountains, particularly in the Breadalbane district.
2233. Orthotrichum. From 2:32, straight, and 34% razer, hair, on account of the straight, not twisted
direction of the teeth of the peristome. No genus can be more natural than this, notwithstanding some
variations in the peristome of some of the species from the ordinary structure. Thus O. decipiens and anomalum
have no ciliary processes; and O. striatum has them of a peculiar and beaded appearance. Many of thc
plants referred to this genus are common occupants of the aged trunks of trees, where they vegetate among
the soft earth which collects in the clefts of the dead bark.
only found on trees in the New Forest.
O. Lyellii, which is the finest of our species, is
908
CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLAss XXIV.
Sp. 1.
* spring
Pa.G trun. of trees Musc. brit. t. 21
Sp. 1.
a spring
D.G. woods
Musc brit. t.8
Br
Musc brit. t >
2234. ZY/GODON. hook. ZYGopoN.

14793 conoideum Hooker
conical
Mnium conoideum E. B. t. 1239
small tufts
2235. DMPHYS'CIUM. Mohr. DiPhysciuM.

leafy
matt. patches
Buxbaumia foliosa E. B. t.329
14794 folisum Mohr.
2236. BUXBAU/MIA. L. BuxBAUMIA.

14795 aphylla L.
leafless
solitary
2237 FUNA'RIA. Hedw. FUNARIA.
14796 hygromtrica Hedw. Hygrometrical tufts
14798 hibrnica Hook.
Irish
tufts
2238. BARTRA"MIA. Hedw. BARTRAMIA.

14799 pomifrmis Hedw
apple-fruited tufts
a minor Hooker
mjor Hooker
14800 ithyphylla Brid.

14801 grcilis Flaerke
14802 fontna Swz.
small
large
stiff-leaved
slender
fountain
Sp. 1.
1
summer
Sp. 3.
13 winter
# spring
# spring
14797 Muhlenbrgii Turn. Muhlenberg's tufts
Fir-woods
Pa.G everywhere Musc brit. t. 20

Pa.G rocks
Musc brit-t- >
Pa.G cottage roofs Musc brit. t. 20
Sp. 6-11.
2 summer
13 summer
tufts
tufts
tufts
2 summer
1 summer
deep patches
3 summer
Musc, britt 23
Fng bot:#8.
Bt.G alp heaths E. b. 1536. Baris.
Bt.G heaths
Bt.G heaths
Bt.G dry banks, Musc brit, t

Dp.G alpine rocks Musc brit. t. 2:
Bt.G wet places Musc brit, t
thin tufts
thin tufts
6 summer
Bt.G. wet places
Dill must 44.f
dwarf
tufts
1 summer
Bt.G wet places
Eng bot. t. 274
14803 Hallerina Hedw,
Haller's
deep patches 6 sum and aut. Bt-G moun. rocks Musc britt. 3
14804 arcuta Brid.
arcuate
loose tufts
4 sum and aut. Bt.G mountains Musc brit, t
thin tufts
2 summer
Pa.G wet sandy pl. Musc britt 29
14 summer
Bt.G mountains
a mjor Hooker
large
sumner
Bryum fontnum E. B. t.390

A marchica Swz.
2239. POH/LIA. Hedw,

Pohlia.
14805 inclinta Schwargr. inclined
Bryum turbindtilm E. B. 157
Bryum nigricans E. B. 15.8
14806 elongta Hedw.
long
Bryum elongatum E. B. t. 1663
14807 caespiticia Schw.
tufted
a major Hooker
large
A minor Hooker
small
Br. bicolor Eng. Bot.
14808 ventricsa Schw.
ventricose
Brum ventricosum E. B. t. 2270
Bryum bimum E. B. t. 1518
Bryum cubitle E. B. t. 2554
Sp. 4-13.
subsolitary
patches
patches
patches
Bt.G everywhere Musc brit. t. 99
* all seasons
1 all seasons
Bt.G everywhere Eng bot. t. 1904

Bt.G everywhere Eng. bot. t. 1601
-
deep tufts
4 spr. and sum. Br
14809 andrgynum Hedw, androgynous
patches
Sp. 22-43.
1 spring
Mnium andrgynum F. B. t. 1238

14810 pal(stre Swartz.
marsh
deep tufts
4 sum. and aut. Pa.G bogs
2240, BRY'UM. Hedw.
Musc brit. t. 30
all seasons
BRYUM.
mar. ground Musc brit. t.30
Y.G wo. and ban. Musc brit. t 28

Musc, brit. t. 8
"f 47
14793

2234. Zygodon. From 20, a # and e2er, a tooth, and so called, we presume, in allusion to the roking
together by pairs of the outer teeth; but the name is unexplained by its authors. A singular plant, which was
referred to Bryum by Dickson, and to Mnium by Smith. The stems grow in a tufted manner like Gymnos.
tomum viridissimum, but
exceed half an
inch in length. The peristome is double; the outer consist
ing of sixteen short obtuse teeth approaching in pairs, which at length become recurved; inner of as many
alternate ciliae lying horizontally over the mouth of the theca.
2:35, Diphyscium . From is, twice, and core", a vesicle, in allusion to the double nature of the shell of
the theca. A little plant found in woods, and on rocks in alpine situations. The stems are exceedingly short,
and grow in densely matted patches. The theca is large, ovate, gibbous, and oblique. Dr. Hooker denies the
existence of a double peristome, while Hornschuch asserts its presence.
36. Burbaumia. A very singular plant, destitute of apparent leaves, and resembling a minute fungus
rather than a moss. It was named in honor of John Christian Buxbaum, a German botanist, who published,
in 1728, an account of the plants of Asia Minor in five centuriae of figures of little merit. This plant was
originally discovered in the vicinity of Astrachan, afterwards in a firewood near Norwich, and lately in
two stations in Scotland its minute size and want of foliage may have caused it to be overlooked.
7. Funaria. From funis, a rope, in allusion to the twisted nature of the strongly hygrometrical fruit
stalk. This genus, though sufficiently characterized by the interior teeth or ciliae being oblique and placed
-
O.R.D. V. TRIBE II.
MUSCI VAGINULATI OLOCA RPI.
909

14796 Leaves very concave ovate apiculate entire, Nerve excurrent, Fruitstalk curved flexuose
14797 Stems short, Lvs. conc. ov. suddenly acuminat serrat.: the nerve disappear. below point, Fruitst straight
14798 Stems elongat. Lvs. plane ov.-lanc. gradually acuminat serrat Nerve disappear. bel. point, Fruitst, straight
* Fruitstalks long, not curved.
14799 Leaves patent subulate strongly serrated: the nerve reaching to the summit twisted when dry
a Leaves flexuose
B Leaves crisp
[into the substance of the leaf straight when dry, Fruitstalks much elongated
14800 Stems short, Leaves rigid erecto-patent subulate-setaceous almost entire: the nerve half-way up passing
14801 Stems elongated, Leaves recurvo-patent lanc. canaliculate serrat. Fruitstalks lateral from innovations
14802 Stems fastig. Lvs. closely imbricat. rig. erect broadly ovate or lanc. acuminat nearly plane serr. Fruitst, lat.
a Leaves broad ovate acuminate
[from innovations
** Fruitstalks very short, curved.

14803 Stems much elongat. prolifer. Lvs. long subul. flexu.serrat. above, Fruitst, lat. from innov very short curv.
14804 Stems much elongated proliferous, Leaves horizontally patent ovato-lanceol. acuminated serrat striated,
Fruitstalks very short arcuate at length lateral, Theca smooth
14805 Stems short branched with innovations, Leaves ovate acuminated nearly entire: the margins slightly
recurved; the nerve running beyond the points, Theca elong-pyrif pendulous
14806 Stems short, Lvs. erect elong-lanc. acuminat. serrat Nerve reaching to point, Theca elongato-elev, inclined
14807 Stems short, Leaves ovate acuminated entire or very obscurely serrated at the points: the marg. slightly
recurved; the nerve reaching to or beyond the point, Theca between ovate and pyriform pendulous
14808 Stems elongated branched with innovations, Leaves oblong acuminated scarcely serrul. : margins recurved
nerve reaching beyond the point, Theca oblongo-obovate pendulous
* Theca sulcated.
14809 Stems nearly simple, Lvs. lanc. serrat : their marg. recurv. Theca nearly erect cylind. sulcat. Lidconical
14810 Stems much branch. Lvs. lanc. obt, ent : their margins revolute, Theca ovate oblique sulcat. Lidconical
14807
14805
14808
14800
14810
"
to those of the outer, is further remarkable in these teeth lying horizontally over the mouth of the
theca. In the male flowers of the succulent filaments are remarkably clavate, jointed, pellucid, the
joints containing greenish granules. Funaria hibernica has been found only on the roof of a thatched cottage
at Blarney, near Cork, Ireland. The long flexuose fruitstalk of F. hygrometrica, one of the commonest of
mosses in almost every situation, possesses strong hygrometrical qualities.

2238. Bartramia. So called in honor of John Bartram, an Anglo-American, to whose researches in North
America the gardens of Europe owe many of their finest trees. He had a son William, who published in
1773, an account of a journey in the interior of North America. This is an elegant genus of mosses, remark
able for their fine capillary light green leaves, and spherical capsules. The genus approaches nearly to Bryum,
but differs in almost every species having a spherical capsule; and the sixteen broad segments of the inner
peristome, instead of being entire or only perforated, are cleft like the teeth of a Dicranum.
39, Pohlia. Named in honor of I., E. Pohl, a German botanist. Small plants, often refered to Bryum,
with which they entirely agree in habit.
2240. Bryum. One of the ancient Greek names of moss. These are all dwarf plants producing capsules in
abundance, and
found growing in wet
places.
In B. palustre are found terminal capitular bodi
which much resemble what are called the anthers of B. androgynum; but in B. palustre they are
gemmae, and arise not only from the main stems, but also from the innovations. # triquetrum has only been
* ---------
910
- -
"-
CRYPTOGAMIA.
14811 trichdes L.
CLAss XXIV.
hair-pointed
patches
14812 demissum Hooker,
dwarf
small tufts
14813 triquetrum Turn.
three-cornered loose patches 9... july, august LG bor. of lakes Musc brit. t. *
14814 dealbtum Dicks.
whitened
patches
1 summer
14815 pyriforme Swz.
Y.G highl. moun. Musc. brit. t. 28

* july, august Y.G Scot, moun. Grev.crypt fi
4 summer
Caes. mount bogs Musc brit t =
pyriform
patches
2 summer
Y.G
rocks
14816 iulceum Schrad.
iuliform
patches
14 summer
Y.C
mountains
14817 crdum Huds.
simple
tufts
1} summer
Bt.G rocks
Musc. brit. t. 28
14818 car'neum L.
14819 argenteum L.
Carneous
patches
patches
! summer
* spring
L.G.
banks
Musc. brit. t. 29
silvery
Gl.
on ground
Musc brit. t. 29
14820 Zirii Dicks.
Zier's
patches
* spring
Gl.
mountains
14821 rseum Schreb.
rose-colored
tufts
14822 capillre L.
capillary
patches
Musc. brit. t. 28
B. aureum E. B. t. 389
2 summer
1 summer
Pk
heaths
Bt.G heaths
Musc. brit t-2S
Musc. brit t 3
Musc brit. t. 29
Musc brit. t.29
B. stellare E. B. 2434
14823 natans Schreb.

nodding
Bryum compctum E. B. t. 1527?
little patches
3 summer
Bt.G walls & hea. Musc, brit. t. 29
14824 alpinum L.
tufts
2 summer
Pu
alpine
subalp rocks Musc brit. t. 28
14825 punctatum Schreb
dotted
solitary
3 sum. and aut. L.G mar. places Musc brit. t. 30
14826 ligultum Schreb.
ligulate
solitary
4 sum. and aut. L.G moist banks Musc brit. t. 30
14827 rostrtum Schrad.
rostrate
solitary
2 summer
L.G subalp.coun. Musc. brit. t. 30
14828 margintum Dicks.
edged
tufts
2 summer
Y.G shady banks Musc brit. t. 31
14829 hrnum Schreb.
lurid
deep tufts
5 summer
Y.G mar. places Musc brit-t- 31
14830 cuspidtum Schreb.
cuspidate
subsolitary
2 summer
L.G. wo. & walls Musc. brit. t. 51
2241. POLY/TRICHUM. L.
14831 undultum Hedw,

14832 hercynicum Hedw
PolytnichUM.
wave-leaved
Hercynian
Sp. 1022.
solitary
solitary
4 autumn
3 autumn
Ol.G moist banks Musc brit. t. 10

Ol.G mountains Musc brit. t. 10
14833 piliferum Schreb.
hair-pointed
solitary
3 autumn
Ol.G heaths
Musc brit. t. 10
14834 juniperinum Willd
juniper
solitary
4 autumn
Ol.G heaths
Musc brit. t. 10
solitary
3 autumn
OLG Scot. moun. Musc brit. t10
P. strictum E. B. 2435
14835 septentrionle Swz. northern

P. serangulre E. B. 1906
14836 commune L.
common
broad masses
9 all seasons
Ol.G heaths
Musc brit. t. 10
broad masses
9 all seasons
Ol.G heaths
Eng, bott. 1197
4 all seasons
Ol.G heaths
Eng. bot. t. 1198
4 summer
Ol.G alp regions Musc brit. t11
a yuccarflium Ehr.
Aloe-leaved
S attenuatum Menz,
narrowed
P. gracile E. B. t. 1827
14837 alpinum L.
alpine
broad masses
patches
14838 urnigerum Menz.
urn-bearing
scattered
4 summer
14839 aloides Hedw.
stiff-leaved
scattered
1* autumn
Br.G heaths
Musc brit til
a major Hooker
large
P. rubllum E. B. t. 1939
scattered
1* autumn
Br.G heaths
Eng bot. t. 1649
A Dicksni Turner
scattered
Br.G heaths
Eng bot, t. 1605
Gl.
sides of stre. Musc, brit. t11
Dickson's
autumn
A 14818
14815
14822
14821
und in Great Britain upon the borders of some lake in the north of Ireland. By Mohr it is considered."
distinct genus, and called Diplocomium.
ORD. V. Taraz II.
911
** Theca destitute of furrows.

A. Exterior peristome shorter than interior.
14811 Stems somew. branch. Lvs. lin. obt, ent reticulat. Theca obovate recurved subcernu. Fruitstalk very long
14812 Stems branched, Leaves ovate cuspidate reticulated shorter than nerve, Theca curved pyriform pendulous
14813 Stem elongat branch. Lvs. lanc. carin. ac, serrated reticulat. Theca pyrif erecto-cernu. Fruitst, very long
14814 Stems short, Leaves lanceolate acute plane serrated at the points reticulated, Theca pyriform nearly erect
B. Peristomes equal.
$ 1. Leaves without a thickened margin.
14815 Stems slightly branched, Leaves subul.-setaceous flexuose serrated: nerve very broad, Theca pyrif pendul.
14816 Stems branched, Leaves closely imbricated broadly ovate concave entire obtuse: nerve running nearly to
the point, Theca obovato-cylindraceous pendulous
14817 Stems simple, Leaves rigid lanceolate: the upper ones the narrowest and longest; all of them planeserrul.
nerve disappearing below the summit, Theca oblong-subpyriform cernuous
14818 Stems simple, Lvs. lanc. reticulat slightly serrul. at point: nerve disappear bel. summ. Theca obov. pendul.
14819 Stems branched, Leaves closely imbricated broadly ovate suddenly and sharply acuminated subserrulate
very concave: nerve disappearing below the point, Theca ovato-pyriform pendulous
14820 Stems branch. Leaves closely imbricated more or less broadly ovate acuminulate very concave reticulated
entire: nerve running nearly to the point, Theca clavate cernuous
14821 Lvs. obovato-spathulate acute serrated undul. : nerve running to the point, Theca oblongo-ovate pendul.
14822 Stems short, Leaves obovate twisted when dry entire: their nerve produced into a hair-like point; their
margins
thickened, Theca oblong pendulous
14823 Stems short, Lvs. erect lanc. acuminated serrated above: nerve reach. to point, Theca oblon pyrif pendul
14824 Stems rig. elongat branch. Lvs. closely imbricat erect lanc. somew. obt. subserrul. at apex: marg. revolute;
nerve reaching to the points, Theca oblongo-ovate pendulous
$ 2. Leaves with a thickened margin.
14825 Stems elongated, Leaves obovato-rotundate very obtuse reticulated: their margins thickened entire;
nerve disappearing below the point, Theca ovate pendulous, Lid shortly rostrate
14826 Stems elongated, Leaves undul. ligul reticulated: their margins thickened denticul.; nerve reaching a
little beyond the point, Theca ovate pendulous, Lid conical
14827 Stems elongated, Leaves broadly ovate reticulated: their margins thickened denticulated; the nerve
reaching a little beyond the point, Theca ovate pendulous, Lid rostrate
14828 Stems elongated, Leaves ovate acute reticulated: their margins thickened serrated; nerve reaching a
little beyond the point, Theca ovate pendulous, Lid shortly rostrate
14829 Stems elongated, Leaves lanceolate acute reticulated: their margins thickened denticulate; nerve ge
nerally disappearing below the summit, Theca oblongo-ovate pendulous, Lid hemisph. mucronulate
14830 Stems elongated, Leaves obovate acute reticulated: their margins thickened denticulated above; nerve
running beyond the point, Theca ovate pendulous, Lid conico-hemispheric. obtuse
* Calyptra naked.
14831 Lvs.lanc. undul. : their margins plane denticulat.; their nerve winged, Theca cylind curved, Lid subul.
14932 Lvs. lanc. rig. ent : their sides invol. , their nerve broad impress. with furr. Theca obl. suber. Lid conical
** Calyptra hairy.
14833 Leaves lanceolate-subulate: their margins involute ent terminating in a pellucid hair-like point, Theca
ovate obtusely quadrangular furnished with an apophysis, Lid conical
14834 Leaves lanceolate-subulate: their margins involute entire; their points acumin. colored subserrated,
Theca ovate obtusely quadrangular furnished with an apophysis, Lid conical
14835 Leaves lineari-subul. obtuse: their margins especially towards the top invol. subserrulate, Theca ovate
subangulate furnished with a minute apophysis, Lid conical acuminate
14836 Stems elongated, Leaves patent lineari-subulate: their margins plane serrated as well as the points of the
keels, Theca erect ovate quadrangular with an evident apophysis
a Leaves with their margins of the same color
A Leaves shorter with their margins pellucid
14837 Stems elongated branched, Leaves patent subulato-lanceolate: the margins plane serrated as well as the
points of the keels, Theca subovate with an indistinct apophysis
14838 Stems elongated branched, Leaves erecto-patent lanceolate acute: their margins plane serrated. Theca
erect cylindrical destitute of an apophysis
14839 Stems short, Leaves linear-lanceolate obtuse: their margins plane serrated principally at the extremity
and at the summit of the keels, Theca nearly erect cylindrical without an apophysis
a Fruitstalks 2 inches long, Stems simple
a Fruitstalks very short, Stems branched
*41. Polytrichum. From rexor, many, and #4 ruxor, hair, on account of the numerous hairs of the
calyptra.
# distinguished by the rigidity
of the leaves and the square form of the theca, which is gene
-
- =
912
Class XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
14840 nnum Hedw.
scattered
dwarf
P. subrotndum E. B. t. 1624
1 autumn
Br.G moist banks Musc. brit till
2242. ANICTANGIUM. Hedw.
Sp. 2.
AnictaNGiuM.
ciliated
14841 cilitum Hedw.
depress, tufts 1 summer
Gymnostoman ciliatum E. B. t. 1179
beardless
14842 imbrbe Hooker
depress, tufts 1 summer
Gymnstomum imbrbe E. B. t. 2237
Sp. 4-11.
2243. FIS SIDENS. Hedw. Fissinexs.
patches
Bryum-like
* spring
14843 bryoides Hedw.
Dicrnum bryoides E. B. t. 625
Musc. brit t 6
Hoa, rocks
Pa.G Irish moun. Musc brit. t. 5
Pa.G moist banks Musc.brit. t. 16
Dicranum viridulum E. B. t. 1368

Dicranum osmundioides E. B. t. 1662
patches
14844 incrvus Schwaegr. incurved
Dicrainum tamarindifolium Turner
14845 adiantoides Hedw,
Maidenha.-lv. patches
Hypnum adiantoides E. B. t. 264
14846 taxiflius Hedw.
Yew-leaved
tufts
# spring
L.G moist banks Schw.supult-49
2 summer
L.G. wet pastures Musc. brit. t-16
# summer
LG
Hypnum tarifolium E. B. t. 416

2244. LEU'CODON. Schwargr. LeucopoN.
14847 sciuroides Schwaegr. Squirrel-tail
moist banks Musc. brit. t.15
Sp. 1-17.
creeping
3 summer
Dicranum sciuroides E. B. t. 1903

Fox TinAlis.
Sp. 3-9.
224.5. FONTINA LIS. L.
nerveless
floating
14848 antipyrtica L.
12 summer
floating
scaly
6 summer
14849 squamsa L.
floating
capillary
6 summer
14850 capillcca Dicks.
Sp. 28.
2246. ANO'MODON. Hooker. ANoMoDoN.
pinnate
8 summer
14851 curtipndulum Hook. dark green
Neckra curtipndula E. B. t. 1444
creeping
14852 viticulsum Hook. pale green
6 spring
Hypnum viticulsum E. B. t. 265
Sp. 3-24.
2247. NECKERA. Hedw. Neckea.A.
creeping
pigmy
2 spring
14853 p(imila Hedw.
creeping
crisp
6 summer
14854 crispa Hedw.
feathered
flat-branched 3 spr. and sum.
14855 pennta Hedw.
Sn, 2-5.
2248. DALTONIA. Hooker. DAltoN1A.
tufts
# summer
14856 splachnoides Hooker long stalked
Neckra splachnoides E. B. t. 2564
* summer
14857 Hooker short-stalked tufts
Neckra heteromlla E. B. t. 1180
D.G. trun. of trees Musc. brit.t. 20
Dl.G rivers
Ol.G rivulets
Musc brit t >

Musc brit. t. :
Br.G alp, rivulets Musc brit, t <

D.Ol roc. & trees
Musc brit. t. 2:
Y.G trees & roc. Musc brit. t. 2
Eng. bott. 1445

Bt.G trees & roc. E. b.t.816. Hypn.
Bt.G trun. of trees Gre.sc.cry. t. 109
Pa.G woods
L.G
Irish moun. Musc brit. t. 92
L.G trun of trees Musc brit. t. 2
2249. HOOKERIA. Smith. HookeR1A.

procumbent
shining
bright-green procumbent
Sp. 2-27.
3 summer
3 summer
Pa.G moist banks Musc. brit. t. 27

Musc brit. t. 27
Bt.G Irish bog
2250. LES: KEA. Ehrhart. LEskEA.
Sp. 10-43.
2 spring
4 spring
YG trun of trees Eng bott 1496

Y.G trum. of trees Eng.: bott. 1492
14858 lacens Smith
14859 lacte-virens Hook.
14860trichomanoides Hedw, scymitar-shap, entangled

14861 complamta Hedw,
flattened
entangled
rally covered by a very hairy calyptra: this organ is in some species smooth, '#' character they have been
distinguished by the accurate Ehrhart, under the name of Catharinea; but Dr. Hooker is of opinion that the
genus is not tenable.
2242. Anictangium. From awux ror, o n, and a22-tier, a vase, on account of the open nature of the theca,
which is not enclosed by a peristome. The only British species are two plants with nerveless leaves, and the
-
habit of Trichostomum.
2:3 Fissidens. From fissus, split, and dens, a tooth, in allusion to the structure of the Peristome.
generally referred to Dicranum by British botanists, but differing from that genus entirely in habit, an
ciently in characters, Dr. Hooker remarks, that the structure of their leaves is highly curious, and totally
unlike that of any other plant with which he is acquainted., Besides being vertical, their upper half taking
the nerve for the line of separation) is, from the base beyond the middle, composed of two equal lamellae, the
Iower part of which embraces the stem, and the rest very often embraces a portion of the leaf placed imme
diately above it.
2244. Leucodon. Named from Asuzor, white, and 23rr, a tooth, from the color of the peristome. The only
British species has occasionally been thrown among the Dicrana, Trichostoma, and Pterogonia; from any of
its genus distinct. The stems are long, and creeping over the bark of trees.
which, an attentive consideration of the lateral fruit, deeply divided teeth, and dimidiate calyptra, will keep
2.245. F.ontinalis.
From fons, a fountain, in allusion to the places where it
ws.
F. antipyretica is a
common plant, floating in large masses in rivers and pools of water. The specific name was given it because
ORD. V. TRIBE II.
913
14840 Stems short, Lvs. lin.lanc.: marg serrat principally at extrem as well as summit of keels, Theca nearly
[erect subglobose
14841 Leaves ovate much lengthened out and diaphan, at points: those of perichaetium laciniated at extremity
14842 Leaves ovato-acuminate colored at the points: those of the perichaetium serrated at the extremity
14843 Fruitstalks terminal, Perichaetial leaves resembling the cauline ones
14844. Like the last, but theca drooping
14845 Fruitstalks lateral, Perichaetial leaves ovate slightly convolute pointed

14846 Fruitstalks radicular, Perichaetial leaves ovate sheathing involute pointed
14847 Leaves closely imbricated ovate-cordate acuminate striated, Theca oblong
14848 Leaves nerveless for the most part complicato-carinate
14849 Leaves nerveless plane or very slightly concave
14850 Leaves furnished with a nerve slightly concave
14851 Lvs. ov. acum.serrul.: the nerve disappear, below point, Fruitst twice as long as perichaetium, Theca ov.
14852 Leaves ovato lanceolate obtuse entire: the nerve reaching to the point, Fruitst, very long, Theca cylind.
'
14853 Lvs. ovato-acum.

conc.: marg. recurv. Fruitst. scarcely longer than perichaet. Ivs. Theca oblon.-ov.
14854 Leaves oblong acuminulate transversely rugose, Fruitstalks much
ovate
14855 Lvs. bifar. ov.lanc. transversely undul. serrul. at point, Theca ovate subsess shorter than perichaetial Ivs.
Theca
14856 Leaves oblongo-lanceolate, Fruitstalks long, Calyptra fimbriated at the base

14857 Leaves broadly ovate acute, Theca sessile impressed, Calyptra nearly entire
14858 Leaves broadly ovate entire obtuse nerveless

14859 Lvs. ov. acuminul, margin. very obscure.serrat. at extrem. with 2 nerves nearly reach. their whole length
14860 Lvs. broadly scymitar-shaped serrat, at point: nerve reach. to middle of leaf, Theca ovate erect, Lid rost.
14861 Leaves oblong apiculate entire nerveless, Theca ovate erect, Lid rostrate
14853
and Mascellaneous Particulars.
it is employed by the Swedes to fill up the spaces between the chimney and the walls, and thus, by excluding
the air, to prevent the action of fire.
2246. Anomodon. So called by the authors of Muscologia Britannica, on account of the peculiar nature of
the peristome, which has narrow fringed processes arising from the very same range, and from between the
teeth; avaux, irregular, and 22er, a tooth. The stems are dark, almost blackish green, long, cylindrical, and
straggling. It is not uncommon on the wilds of Dartmoor.
2247. Neckera. Named after N. J. Necker, a German botanist, who published in 1791, his Elements of
Botany, a work which contained more useful information than many of his detractors have been pleased to
allow. Beautiful mosses, found in woods and upon trees and rocks. N. crispa has more the appearance of
some fine tropical moss, than of those of our own country, where it is far from uncommon in mountainous
districts, frequently covering a great extent of surface upon the trunks of old forest-trees.
2248. Daltonia. Named in honor of the Rev. James Dalton, a skilful English muscologist. The mitriform
calyptra separates this from Neckera. D. splachnoides has only been found by the side of a streamlet on the
Secawn mountain, near Dublin, where it grows sparingly in pale green tufts.
2:49. Hookeria. This beautiful Hypnum-like genus was named by Sir James Edward Smith, in honor of
Dr. William Jackson Hooker, F. R. S., &c. professor of botany in the university of Glasgow, one of the most
distinguished of modern cryptogamic botanists, and a gentleman whose public reputation is only exceeded by
his private excellence. The Hookera of Salisbury, must give way to on every account.
. . laete-wirens
has hitherto been discovered only in a bog near Cork.
2250. Leskea. N. G. Leske was an obscure German botanist, of whom little is known, except that he gave
3 N
914
CRYPTOGAMIA.
14862 polycrpa Ehr.
CLAss XXIV.
many-fruited entangled
Hypnum mdium E. B.
Hypnum inundatum E. B. t. 1922
14863 iulcea Mohr.
round-leaved prostrate
Pterognium ? rotundiflium E. B.
14864 pulchella Hedw.
pretty
dense tufts
3 spring
Lur. trun. of trees Eng bot. t. 1:7;
3 spring
Y.G ground
14865 rufescens Schwaegr.
Eng: bot. t. 25.5
a spr. and sum. Bt.G moist banks Eng bott. 2006
14866 sericea Hedw.
rufous
silky
creeping
entangled
4 spr. and sum. Rsh moun. rocks Eng. bot. t. 226

3 spr. and sum. Y.G roc. & trees Eng bot L. 1445
14867 dendroides Hedw,
tree-like
erect
3 spr. and sum. Y.G wo. and bogs Eng bot. t. 1555
procumbent
3 spr. and sum. D.G trees & rocks Eng bat. t. 24:
14868 incurvta Hedw.

incurved
Hpnum atrovirens E. B.
attenuatum E. B. t. 2420
#
14869 polyntha Hedw.
many-flowered creep, tangled 3 summer
2251. HYPNUM. L.
14870 riprium L.
HYPNUM.
14871 undultum L.
water
WaV
14872 denticultum L.
toothletted
* angustiflium Hook. narrow-leaved prostrate

A obtusifolium Hook
Y.G trun of trees Grecryp.fit.151
Sp. 53-119.
loose patches 4 sum. and aut. Bt.G. ban of ditc. Eng. bott. 2060
lax masses
6 sum. and aut. W.G heathy plac. Eng bot. t. 1181
prostrate
1} sun. and aut. Bt.G roots of trees Eng, bot. t. 1260
sum. and aut. Bt.G roots of trees Hedsticr.4.t51
blunt-leaved
prostrate
a sum. and aut. Bt.G mountains
14873 tenllum Dicks.
delicate
14874 srpens L.
creeping
dense patchos 1 spring

patches
1 spring
Dp.G roc. & old w. Eng. bot. t. 185s

Bt.G roots of trees Eng bot. t. 1087
Eng bot. t. 1446
14875 popleum Hedw.
entang.patch. 2 spring
D.G. trees & ston. Tur.mushit!5
14876 reflxum Weber & Mohr reflexed
loose masses
2 spring
D.G
14877 mlle Dicks.
soft
much tufted
3 sum, and aut. Lur. alp. rivulets Eng. bot. t. 1992
14878 Schrebri Willd.
Schreber's
lax tufts
9 summer
close tufts
2 spr. and sum. D.G wet rocks
Brid, must 5.f4
14 summer
Pa.G wet places
Eng. bott. 245
1* all seasons
L.G walls & ston. Dilmu.t.41.f5?
subtile E. B. t. 2496
# E. B. t. 1584matted
14879 catenultum Schwag. chained

14880 stramineum Dicks.
straw-colored loose patches
14881 murle Hedw.
wall
patches
confrtum E. B. t. 1038
14882 parum L.
pure
Rsh
mountains
wo. and ban. Eng bott 16:1
broad masses
7 spring
floating
aquatic
6 spr. and sum. Var. pools & stre. Eng bott. 1448
wo. and ban. Eng. bot. t. 15:0
feathered
dense mat
4 spr. and sum. Y.G moist rocks Eng, bot. t. 271
illecbrum E. B. t. 2180
14883 flaitans L.
14884 plumsum L.
alpinum E. B. t. 1496
14885 salebrsum Hoffm,

14886 lutscens Huds.
smth.-stk. shi. decumb. bran. 4 summer

yellowish
patches
3 summer
Bt.G roc. & groun. Grev.cryp.fl.184

Y.G trun. of trees Eng. bot. t. 1301
14887 nitens Schreb.
shining
branched
3 summer
Go.Y bogs
14888 al/bicans Neck.
whitened
patches
2 spring
W.G hea & bogs Eng bott. 1300
Eng bot. t. 1646
3 spr. and sum. D.G moist woods Eng bott. 1182
14889 alopectirum L.
fox-tail
loose masses
14890 curvtumn Stuz.
curved
lax tufts
3 spr. and sum. Bt.G trees & roc. Eng, bott. 1566
14891 splndens Hedw.
glittering
lax tufts
9 all masses
Y.G hea & banks Eng bott. 1424
loose patches
6 all masses
Du.G wo. and ban. Eng bot t-144
loose tufts
6 all masses
DuG woods
14892 proliferum L.
proliferous
recognitum E. B. t. 1495
1489.3 praelngum L.
very long
Stoksii E. B. t. 2036
Eng, bot. t. 2035
Swartzii E. B. t. 2334
W
|
14864
%
"is to name this genus after him.
It has entirely the habit of the next, with which it is fro
ORD. V. TRIBE II.
MUSCI VAGINULA Ti OLOCARPI.
91.5
14862 Leaves ovate obtuse concaveentire: nerve reaching to the summit, Theca cylind. nearly erect, Lid conical
14868 Leaves closely imbricated rotundato-ovate obtuse very concave ventricose nerveless, Theca ov. nearly crect
14864 Leaves loosely imbricated: the upper ones subsecund; all of them lanceolate acuminate entire nerveless,
Theca ovato-cylindrical nearly erect, Lid conical
1486.5 Lvs. erecto-pat lanc. acuminat. ent striat. faintly 2-nerved at base, Theca ovate nearly erect, Lid conical
14866 Leaves erecto-patent lanceolate acuminated entirestriated; nerve running to three fourths of the length,
Theca ovate cylindrical erect, Lid conical
14867 Stems erect below simple and naked fascicled above, Leaves ovate more or less lanceolate striated serrat.
at the point: nerve reaching nearly to the summit, Theca erect ovate cylindrical, Lid rostrate
14868 Stems variously branched procumbent, Lvs. all of them slightly secund broadly ovate with an attenuated
obtuse point: nerve running nearly to the summit, Theca ovate cernuous, Lid conical
14869 Leaves 1-sided imbricated erect spreading ovatelanceolate acum, entire obscurely 2 nerved at base, Fruitst,
numerous, Theca erect ovate, Lid acutely conical
- Stems plane.
14870 Lvs. ov.-lanc. acuminat ent : the nerve reaching nearly to summit, Theca oblong cernuous, Lidconical
14871 Lvs. ov, ac, transversely undulat with two faint nerves at base, Theca oblfurrow.arcuatocern. Lid rost.
14872 Leaves ovate sometimes approaching to lanceolate more or less acuminated having two short nerves at
the base, Theca oblongo-cylindraceous inclined, Lidconical
- Leaves ovatelanceolate distant quite plane
s Leaves ovate more or less obtuse slightly concave
- Leaves spreading on all sides of the stem.
14873 Lvs. fascicul, erect lanceolato-subulent.: nerve reaching to summit, Theca ovate cernuous, Lid rostrate
14874 leaves ovato-lanceolate rather obtuse patent entire: their nerve for the most part reaching to the
summit, Theca cylindrical curved cernuous, Lid conical
14875 Leaves lanceolate acuminated serrated: margin slightly reflexed: nerve reaching to the point, Theca
ovate nearly erect, Fruitstalks rough, Lid
14876 Leaves cordato-acuminate serrated: their nervereaching to the point; their margin slightly reflexed,
Theca ovate cernuous, Fruitstalks rough, Lid conical
14877 Leaves loosely imbricated rotundato-ovate obtuse concave entire faintly two-nerved at the base or with
one short nerve, Theca ovate cernuous, Lid conical
-
14878 Leaves closely imbricated nearly erect elliptical apiculate concave entire faintly two-nerved at the base,
Theca ovate cernuous, Lid conical
14879 Leaves subpatent ovate subacuminated papillose on the back and margin with a very short nerve, Theca
ovate inclined, Lid conical acuminated
14880 Leaves loosely imbricated erecto-patent oblongo-ovate obtuse entire: their nerve reaching halfway,
Theca oblongo-ovate curved cernuous, Lid conical
14881 Leaves nearly erect imbricated oval with a very short point concave entire: nerve reaching about half
way up, Theca ovate cernuous, Lid rostrate
14882 Leaves closely imbricated oval with a very short point very concave; their nerve reaching halfway up,
Theca ovate cernuous, Lid conical
14883 Leaves loosely imbricated, the upper ones falcate secund; all of them lanceol-subul. scarcely serrated at
their erecto-patent,
points: their nerve
reaching
than halfway,
ovate ovato-lanceolate
obl. curved cernuous,
Lid conical
14884 Leaves
the upper
onesmore
sometimes
secund; Theca
all of them
acuminated sub
serrated: the nerve reaching above halfway, Theca ovate cernuous, Lid conical
14885 Lvs. nearly erect lanc. acum.serrul tow, end: nerve disappear beyond end, Thecacern. Lid acute conical
14886 Leaves erecto-patent lanceolate acuminated entire stria : nerve disappearing below the point, Theca
ovate cernuous, Fruitstalks rough, Lid conico-acuminated
14887 Leaves erecto-patent narrow lanceolate acuminated nearly entire striated: nerve running nearly to the
summit, Theca oblongo-ovate curved cernuous, Fruitstalks smooth, Lid conical
1488s leaves erecto patent ovato-lanceolate acuminated striated entire: nerve reaching halfway up,
Theca
ovate cernuous, Fruitstalks smooth, Lid conical
14889 stems erect below simple and naked, fascicled above, Leaves concave ovate ellipt. acute serrated: nerve
running nearly to the point; marg reflexed, Theca ovate cernuous, Lid rostrate
14890 Branches fascicled, curved, Leaves ovato-elliptical concave serrated at the points: nerve disappearing
beyond the middle, Theca ovate erect, Lid rostrate
14891 stems tripinnate, Leaves ovate with a suddenly acuminated serrated point concave faintly two-nerved at
the base: margin below recurved, Theca ovate cernuous, Lid rostrate
14892 stems tripinnate, Leaves serrated papilloseon the back: the cauline onescordato-acuminatestriated with
a nerve running nearly to the point; those of the branches moreov, with a sing or double nerve at base
11893 stems
subbipinnate,
placedcernuous,
patent cordate
or ovate acuminated serrated: nerve disap
pearing
below the Leaves
summit,distantly
Theca ovate
Lidrostrate
-
1487.2
4.
2251. mosses,
Hypnum.
of theknown
namesbyofitsmoss
amongpinnated
the Greeks
wasgreen
war".branches,
This is the
most
extensive
among
and one
is readily
prostrate
bright
which
form
a thickgenus
mat
3 N 2
916
--
- --
CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLAss XXIV.
14894 flagellre Dicks.
shady
broad patches 6 summer
Bt.G alpine rocks Eb.t.2565Hume
14895 abietinum L.
fir-leaved
straggling
D.G mountains
14896 Blandvii Web.
Blandoff's
broad masses
5 spr. and sum. Bt.G alpine rocks
14897 piliferum Schreb.
hair-pointed
straggling
7 summer
14898 rutbulum L.
poker
dense mats
3 all seasons
Bt.G everywhere Ebt.1647Hre
dense patches 1* all seasons
Y.G hedge banks Eng. bot. t. 1568
creep, dense
lax procumb.
2 summer
3 summer
Y.Br Scotch rocks Grev.cryp.fl.174

Pa-G shady places Grev.cryp fl. 160
broad tufts
atches
3 spr. and sum. Y.Br marshes

Eng.: bot. t. 1302
1 spr. and sum. Dp.G stone walls Eng bot. t. 17.9
9 spring
Bt.G wo, and hea. Eng, bot. t. 2072
braturn
crenulatum E. B. t. 1261
14899 velutinum L.
velvety
intricatum E. B. t. 2421
14900 Hallri L.
Haller's
two-formed
14902 stelltum Schreb.
stellate
8 squarrsulum E. B.
squarrose
strap-shaped
road masses
D.G. wo. & banks Eng bot. t. 1516
6 spr. and sum. D.Ol in rivulets
14904 rusciflium Neck.
stiff-leaved
floating
14905 stritum Schreb.
striated
6 spring
small patches 11 spring
cuspidate
loose tufts
Bt.G woods
Y.G bogs
5 summer
14908 cordiflium Hedw

heart-leaved loose tufts
4 summer
14909 polymrphum Hedw.variable
matt, patches 5 win. and spr.
14910 triquetrum L.
three-cornered branch. tufts 9 all seasons
14911 squarrsum L.
squarrose
patches
7 all seasons
14912 filicinum L.
dubium E. B. 2126
fern-leaved
small massos
Eng bot. t. 1275
Eng. bot. t. 1648

Pa.G trun of trees Eng bot. t. 2407
loose tufts
14906 confrtum Dicks.

compact
H. serrulatum E. B. 1262
14907 cuspidtum L.
Eng. bot. t. 2037
virostre
14901 dimrphum Brid,
14903 lreum L.
6 summer
Eng. bot. t. 1425
Pa.G bogs
Eng. bot. t. 1447
Bt.G limest rocks Hed.sp.mus-ti
Y.G. wo, and ban. Eng bot. t. 16:

Bt.G wo. and hea. Eng bot. t. 1953
3 spr. and sum. Rsh, bogs
Eng. bot. t. 1570
Jllar E. B.
14913 palstre L.
marsh
Jluvitile E. B. t. 1803
creeping tufts 2 spring
adntum E. B. t. 2406
14914 addincum L.
hooked
broad patches 3 spr. and sum. Var. bogs
Eb.t.2073. Hre.
voluens
broad patches 3 spr. and sum. Var bogs
Eng bott. 250
8 rugsum E. B.
14915 uncintum Hedw.
Li.G. ban. of stre. Eng. bot. t. 1665

-
rugose
uncinate
thick patches 3 spr. and sum. Y.G moist banks Eng bot... t. 1600
14916 rugulsum Web.

wrinkled
14917 commuttum Hedw, changed
3 spr. and sum. Y.G heath. places Musc, brit. t. 9,

droop. masses 9 all seasons
Dp.G marg. of stre, Eng bot. t. 1569
14918 scorpioides L.
creeping
dense masses
14919 silesinum Beauv.
Silesian
broad patches 7 summer
dense tufts
Rsh, wet bogs

Bt.G mountains
9 summer
Eng bott. 1":

Eng. bot. t. 2016
14920 cupressifrme L.
Cypress-leaved thick mass
nigroviride E. B. t. 1620
A polyanthes E. B.
many-flowered thick mass
14921 crista castrnsis L. crested
lax tufts
4 all seasons
Bt.G trees & rocks Eng bott. 1860
4 all seasons
6 summer
Bt.G woods
Bt.G woods
Eng. bot. t. 210S
14922 mollscum Hedw,
2 summer
Y.G
Eng. bot. t. 1327
soft
entangl. tufts
rocks
Eng, bott 16:
WAGINULATI SCHISTOCARPI.
2252. ANDREAEA. Hedw, ANDREAEA.
14923 alpina Hedw.
alpine
14924 rupstris Hedw.
14925 Rthii Mohr.
14926 nivlis hooker
14804
Sp. 4.
rock
Roth's
loose tufts
dcnse tufts
dense tufts
snow
deep patches
11 summer
/7
Musc britt 8
D.Br rocks & ston. Musc brit. t. 8
D.Br rocks
summer
* summer
D.Br rocks & ston. Musc. brit. t.8

D. Br mountains Musc britt.8
Summer
14.905
S. Q
like covering to the surface on which they grow. H. crista-castrensis is at once the most beautiful and most
": British species
.*...Andreaed Named by Hedwi in h
Switzerland. There was '. A. onor of J. G. R. Andr, a German botanist, author of Letters upon
ese Andreas de Castro, who published in 1636, a work upon plants
He was physician to one of the dukes of Braganza.
There was besides a celebrated physician of antiquity
--~~
MUSCI VAGINULATIOLOCARPI.
ORD. V. TRIBE II.
917
14-94 stems pinnate (or irregularly bipinnate), Leaves thickly set cordato-acuminate serrated very faintly two
nerved at the base, Theca oblong cernuous, Lid conical
14895 Stems pinnate, Leaves serrated papillose on the back: the margins reflex.; nerve running nearly to the
point; the cauline ones cordato-acuminate: those of branches cord ac. Theca cylind, inclined, Lid rost.
14896 Stems pinn. Lvs. serrated smooth on the back: marg. reflexed; cauline ones cordato-acute with a short
nerve, those of branches ovate acum. with nerve disappear bey midd. Theca cylind. inclin. Lid conical
14897 Stems somewhat pinnate, Leaves ovate with a long narrow acumination serrated: nerve disappearing
below the middle, Theca ovate cernuous, Lid rostrate
14898 Stems variously branched, Leaves patent ovate acuminated serrated at the points striated: their nerve
reaching half way, Theca ovate cernuous, Fruitstalk rough, Lid conical
14899 Stems variously branched, Leaves erecto-patent ovate often approaching to lanceolate acuminat serrated
striated: nerve reaching half way, Theca ovate cernuous, Fruitstalks rough, Lid conical
14900 Stems pinn. Branches short erect, Lvs. all recurv. cord. acum. obsol 2-nerv. at base, Lid obtusely conical
Leaves serrulate two-nerved at base: primary cordate acuminate; of branches
broad ovate, Theca ovate cernuous, Lid conical
14902 Leaves loosely set squarrose cord. much acuminated ent nervel. Theca oblongo-ov. curv. cern. Lid conic.
14901 Stems somewhat Pinnate,
14903 Leaves recurved squarrose lanceolate much acuminated concave serrated striated faintly two-nerved at
the base, Theca globoso-ovate cernuous, Lid conical
14904 Leaves loosely imbricated spreading broadly ovate acute serrated concave with a nerve nearly as far as
the middle, Theca ovate cernuous, Lid rostrate
14905 Lvs. spread cord-acum.serrat. striat.: nerve reach. beyond midd. Theca obl. ovatecernu. Fruitst, smooth
14:006 Lvs. erect spread ov. acum. concave serrat.: their nerve reach. half way, Theca ov. cernu. Fruitst, smcoth
14907 Leaves loosely set ovate concave nerveless entire: lower squarrose; upper imbricated in a cuspidate point
Theca oblong curved cernuous
Lvs. loosely set squarr. cord.-ov. obt, concave ent.: nerve running nearly to point, Theca obl. curv. cernu.
Lvs. loosely set squarr. cord. much acum. entire: nerve disappear half way up, Theca obl. ov. curv.cernu.
Lvs. squarr. cordato-acum. serrat. faintly striated with two nerves at base, Theca globoso-ov. Lid conical
Leaves squarrose widely cordate very much acuminated and recurved serrated faintly two-nerved at the
base, ' ovato-globose cernuous, Lid conical
14908
14909
14910
14911
*** Leaves secund.
14912 Stems subpinnate, Leaves especially the upper ones falcato-secund broadly ovate acuminated serrated .
their nerve reaching to the point, Theca oblongo-ovate curved cernuous, Lid conical
-
14913 Leaves secund ovate somewhat acuminate concave entire: margins incurved above; nerve short often
forked sometimes obsolete, Theca oblongo-ovate cernuous, Lid conical
1.4914 Leaves falcato-secund lanceolato-subulate concave or almost semicylind entire: the nerve disappearing
below the summit, Theca oblongo-ovate curved cernuous, Lid conical
B Leaves wider less falcate
[cernuous, Lid conical
14015 Lvs. falcato-secund lanceolato-subul. serrat. striat. : nerve disappearing below point, Theca cylind. curv.
14916 Lvs. sec. ovato-lanc. serrat. nearly plane crisp. transverse. when dry: marg. recurv.; nervereach. half way
14917 Stems pinnated, Leaves falcato-secund cordate '. much acuminated serrated their margins reflexed;
nerve disappearing below the summit, Theca oblongo-ovate curved cernuous, Lid conical
14018 Leaves
ovate ventricose obtuse ent nervel. Theca oblongo-ovate curv. cernu. Lid conical
14919 Leaves loosely imbricated secund narrow-lanceolate acuminated serrated nerveless or very obscurely two
nerved, Theca subcylindrical erecto-cernuous, Lid conical obtuse .
14920 Leaves closely imbricated more or less falcato-secund lanceolate acuminated entire, except at the points
which are usually serrated very faintly two-nerved at base, Theca cylind. erecto-cernuous, Lid coni
-
14921 Stems closely pectinated, Leaves falcato-secund ovato-lanceolate acuminated serrulate striated faintly
two-nerved at the base, Theca oblongo-ovate curved cernuous, Lid conical
14922 stems pectinated, Leaves falcate secund cordate acuminated serrated not striated faintly two-nerved at
base, Theca oblong ovate curved cernuous, Lid conical
PAGINULATI SCHISTOCARPI.
14923 Stems branched, Leaves obovate suddenly acuminate straight imbricating the stem on every side
14924 Stems branched, Leaves ovate gradually acuminated: the upper ones falcate
14925 stems almost simp. Lvs. lanc. subul, falcate secund fragile; perichaetial obl. nervel.; their marg, involute
14926 Stems slightly branched, Leaves loosely imbricated lanc. subfalcate secund: perichaetial similar to cauline
-*
*- 1491467
1912 "
}*, *
A.
14919.J.
-
14920
-**
"'
Zs
14921
14925
14924

named Andreas, who was cited honorably by Pliny. This remarkable genus differs from all other mosses, in
having a theca which splits into four valves, cohering at their ends by means of the persistent lid; it agrees
with Sphagnum in having no fruitstalk, but in its room an elongated receptacle, and appears to be a transition
from Musci to Hepaticae. This is, however, only apparent. All the species are natives of rocks or mountains,
and are remarkable for their nearly black or dark brown color.
8 N 3
CRYPTOGAMIA.
918
CLAss XXIV
HEPATICAE.
Reproductive organs of two kinds. 1. Thecae without an operculum, either naked or sessile, or furnished twith a
veil through which they are more or less protruded. Sporules naked (e), or mixed with spiral threads (f).
2. Minute roundish or oblong bodies variously situated. Plants frondose of a cellulose structure not submersed
This order is distinguished from Algae, with which it was formerly united, by the nature of the theca (a, b, and
of the foliaceous frond (c) which is never submersed, and which bears a greater affinity to that of Musci. From
2253 JUNGERMAN/NIA. L. JUNGERMANNIA.

Sp. 81-159.
14927 trichophylla Wahl hair-leaved
loose tufts
14 summer
14928 setcea E. B.
setaceous
dense tufts
2 spring
14920 julcea Hook.
creeping
dense patches
summer
14930 laxifolia Hook.
loose-ieaved cush-like pat.
spr. and sum.
14932 Hookri E. B.
rigid
Hooker's
turfy heaths Hook jung. t 7
Pa.G. bogs
Hju.t.8 sup, ti
Pa.Ql mountains
Pa. G mountains
Hook jung t?
Hook-jung. t.39
R.Br mountains
a wint. and spr. G
ditches
Hook-jung. t 4
Hook.jung. t 54
14931 juniperina Hook.
Br
crowded tufts 3 summer
small patches
14933 asplenioides. Hook.

14934 spinulsa Hook.
Asplenium-like loose patches 3 all seasons
Ol.G moist woods Hook-jung t!3
spinulose
crowded tufts 3 all seasons
14935 decipiens Hook.
deceitful
dense tufts
Y.G mountains Hook.jung. t. 14

Ol.G Irish heaths Hook.jung. t.30
autumn
14936 Donina Hook.
Don's
entangl. tufts 2} september
14:37 pmila Hook,
dwarf
lanceolate
small patches + wint. and spr. Ol

rocks
Hook.jung. t. 17
dense clusters + autumn
Pa.G damp woods Hook jung t.18
14938 lanceolta Hook.

14939 cordiflia Hook.
14940 Sphgni Hook.
D.Ol mountains
14942 sphaerocrpa Hook,

14943 hyalina Hook.
dense tufts
2 august
entangl. patc. 3 autumn
matted patch. 4 oct., novemb.
round-fruited dense tufts
early spring
transparent
broad tufts
early spring
Y.G marshy plac. Hju, t.33.su. t.3

R.G. bogs
Hook jung t?
Pa.G Irish bogs Hook jung t.T.;
14944 comprssa Hook.
compressed
dense tufts
4 june
Pu
rivulets,Irel. Hook-jung. t.38
14945 emarginta Hook,

#5 concinnta Hook.
14947 orcadnsis Hook.
emarginate
large patches
notched
Orcades
thick tufts
Br
Sil
Bt.G
Ol.G
D.G
wet pl. on m. Hook-jung t?

wet pl. on m. Hook-jung t.3
mountains Hook-jung. t.T1
boggy places Hook-jung. t.38
shady woods Hook.jung. t 9
14941 cremulta Hook.
heart-leaved
Sphagnum
P.Br Scot mount Hook-jung. t.39
crenulate
loose patches
+ may, june
may, june
may, june
4 jan, to july
D.G. bogs
14948 inflta Hook.
inflated
dense patches
14949 excisa Hook.
bitten
ventricose
scatter patch. 4 spring

dense patches + aug., novem. Pa.G woods
14950 ventricsa Hook.
14929
Hook.jung. t.32
Hook.jung to 3
Hook.jung: t:8
14931

*8 Jungermannia. Named by Ruppius, to perpetuate the memory of Louis Jungermann, a German
I
ORDER VI.
HEPATICAE.
919
these Hepaticae differ in being destitute of an operculum or lid to the theca, and, with the exception of
Marchantia (d) and Jungermannia, of a calyptra. The order is composed of seven genera, all very different from
each other, and forming an assemblage which is only natural in regard to the organs of vegetation. It does
not appear possible to reconcile those of reproduction. The herbage consists of a variously dilated frond lyin
flat upon the substance on which it grows, generally naked, but in many Jungermannias covered with smal
leaves, which are often divided, but never really nerved, so that, in fact, they should rather be considered
dilatations of the frond: the substance is generally loosely cellular, sometimes compact, as in Marchantia, in
which Hooker asserts that pores of the epidermis exist.
2253 Jungermannia. Theca 4-valved, supported on a peduncle longer than the calyx. Valves free.
2254. Marchantia. Theca on the under surface of a common peltate pedunculatereceptacle. Anthers im
bedded in the disk of distinct peltate pedunculate or sessile receptacles.
2255. Riccia. Theca spherical, immersed in the frond (not opening), crowned with the style, which is alone
Protruded.
2256. Anthoceros. Theca stalked, linear, 2-valved, with a central columella to which the sporules are
attached.
2257 Targionia. Perianth? globose, arising from the underside of the extremity of the frond, at length
ning vertically into 2-valves. Theca globose, nearly sessile, included in the perianth, opening irregularly at
the extremity, and filled with spiral filaments.
2258. Sphaerocarpus. Thecae minute, spherical, seated upon obpyriform receptacles, and filled with minute
sporules unmixed with filaments.
A. Leafy.
+ Stipules none.
* Leaves inserted many ways.
14927 Stem creep irregul. branch. Lvs. imbricated on all sides setace joint straight, Fr. term.: mouth contract.
14928 Stem creep. pinnated. branch, Lvs. imbricat, on all sides setace joint incurv. Fr. term.: mouth expanded
14929 Leaves quadrifarious ovate closely imbricated erect acutely bifid, Theca terminal plaited at end
14930 Stem erect nearly simple filif. Lvs. dist quadrifar, ov, somew, keel. acutely bif. Fr. term. Cal somew, plait.
14931 Lvs. quadrifarious falcato-secund lin.-lanc. bipart.:
ents straight acum. Fr. terminal, Cal. ovate leafy
14932 Leaves imbricated on all sides ovate or oblong-ovate here and there lobed and angled, Fr. term. Cal. none
** Leaves bifarious.
a Leaves undivided.
14933 Leaves obovate roundish ciliate toothed subrecurved, Fruit term. and lateral, Cal. obl. compressed oblique
14934 Lvs. obl. recurv. with margin on one side and apex dentato-spinul. Fr. lat. and axill. Cal. round. compr.
14935 Stem erect flexuose nearly simple, Lower leaves smaller ovate entire: upper rounded-ovate or nearly
square, with one or more spiniform teeth
14936 Stem erect nearly simple filiform flexuose, Leaves closely imbricated nearly horizontal oblong ovate
concave 2-toothed at end falcate 1-sided
14937 Leaves elliptical ovate, Fruit terminal, Cal. oblong ovate acuminate: mouth contracted denticulated
14938 Leaves spreading ovate-rounded, Fruit terminal, Cal. oblong cylindrical depressed and flat at the
extremity: mouth much contracted cut and toothed
14969 Lvs. erect concave cord. circumvol. Fr. term. and axill. Cal. obl. ov. subplicate: mouth minute toothed
14940 Lvs. orbicul. Fr. upon short prop. branches, Cal. obl. attenuat. at each extrem.: mouth contracted toothed
14941 Lvs. orbicular margin. Fruit term. Cal. obov. compressed longitudin. quadrang.: mouth contract. toothed
14942 Stem ascending simple, Leaves orbicular, Fruit terminal, Cal. obl. ovate cylind quadri. Theca spherical
1494: Stem ascending flexuose dichotomous, Leaves rounded somewhat wavy, Fruit terminal, Cal. ovate angul.
with a contracted 4-toothed orifice
14944 Stem erect divided, Leaves orbicular: upper reniform appressed, Fruit terminal, Cal. immersed oblong
fleshy with an open 4-toothed orifice
b Leaves emarginate or bifid: segments equal.
14945 Leaves loosely imbric, spreading obcordate emarginate, Fruit term. Cal. ovate toothed immersed in 1vs.
14946 Leaves very closely imbricated erect concave ovate obtuse emarginate, Fruit terminal, Cal. O
14947 Leaves closely imbric. erect or spreading cordate ovate plane notched at extremity: their marg recury.
14948 Lvs. roundish concave acutely bifid: segm. straightobt. Fruit term. Cal. obpyrif.; mouth contract tooth.
14949 Leaves spreading subquadrate deeply emarginate, Fruit terminal, Cal. oblong: mouth plaited toothed
14950 Leaves spreading subquadrate obtusely and broadly emarginate: their sides incurved, Fruit terminal,
Cal. oblong: mouth contracted plaited toothed
14939
14940.
14945
botanist, who was born in 1572, and died in 1653, after having published a catalogue of the plants of the neigh
3 N 4
Cit. YPTOGAMIA HEPATICAE.
920
Class XXIV.
14951 Turnri Hook.
Turner's
small patches
a march
14952 bicuspidta Hook.

14953 bysscea Hook.
two-pointed
Byssus-like
large tufts
1 march, april Pa.G damp banks Hook-jung. t. 11

* march, april D.Ol heaths
Hook-jung t-12
14954 connivens Hook.

14955 curvifolia Hook.
connivent
curve-leaved
dense tufts
Pa.G Irish rivul.
loose patches : april, may

small patches i april, may
#em, jan.
Hook-jung. t.29
Y.G, wet places Hook-jung t-15

Dp.P mountains Hook-jung t-16
14956 capitta Hook.
capitate
14957 incisa Hook.
cut
very smll pat. *

sml.dense pat. 4 july
14958 pusilla Hook.
dwarf
solor thk-pat. 3 october, may Bt.G moist banks Hook-jung t-69
14959 setiformis Hook.
bristly
dense tufts
G.Br mountains
Hook-jung. t 20
14960 memorsa Hook.

14961 planiflia Hook.
grove
flat-leaved
matted tufts 23 july, october Pu

woods
crowded patc. 2
Din. Brmountains
Hook.jung. t 21
Hook-jung. tat
14962 umbrsa Hook.

14963 undulta Hook.
shady
dense tufts
wavy
large tufts
14964 resupinta Hook.
resupinate
Pa.G heaths
2 spring
3 may, june
14965 albicans Hook.
whitish
14966 obtusifolia Hook.

14968 minta Hook.
blunt-leaved
Dickson's
minute
loose patches
14969 exscta Hook.
scooped out
small patches
14970 cochlearifrmis Hook. cup-shaped

14971 complanta Hook.
14972 andmala Hook.
14973 Taylri Hook.
Hook.jung. t.80
Hook jung t-10
* march, april G.Br shady places Hook-jung. t.34
very sml.tufts
may, june
broad tufts
1* april, july
14967 Dicksni Hook.
Pa.G. bogs
Bt.G wet places
Hook-jung. Lee
Br.G heaths
Hook-jung ts
Pa.G hedge banks Hook-jung t-25
+ march, april Pa.G damp places Hook-jung. t.36
little tufts
dens, mat.tuf + august
Ol.Br mountains
Hook-jung. t.38
+ spr. and sum. Ol.Brmountains
Hook-jung. t.34
+ summer
Pa.G heaths
Hook-jung. t19
large patches 4 summer
R.Br mount bogs Hook-jung tes
flattened
cush.-like pat. 13 summer
Pa.G trun of trees Hook-jung. t.81
anomalous
loose patches 2 oct., novem. Br. G bogs

large patches 3 summer
Pk
mountains
broad patches
summer
Pa. Gloamy soil
14974 scalris Hook.
Taylor's
scaly
Hook-jung. t 34
Hook-jung. t.37
Hook-jung tol
14975 polynthos Hook.
many-capsuled loose patches 1 april, may
Pa.G wet places
14976 cuneifolia Hook.

14977 viticulsa Hook.
14978 trichmanis Hook.
wedge-leaved
wiry
twisted
Br
inland
Hook.jung t4
Y.Br. ear damp pl. Hook-jung. t.80
Bt.G moist places Hook-jung. t.79
14979 bidentta Hook.
two-toothed
14980 heterophylla Hook.
various-leaved small tufts
14981 stipulcea Hook.
large-stipuled cush-like tuf 3 summer
14982 Francisci Hook.
Francis's
crowded patc.
14983 barbta Hook.

14984 albscens Hook.
bearded
whitened
crowded patc. 1" spring

loose patches
summer
* summer
rasitical
oose patches
large patches
#13 spring
summer
Hook-jung the
crowded patc. 13 oct., movem. Pa.G moist places Hook-jung t?

* april, novem. Pa.G stemsoftrees Hook-jung tl
Pa.Olshady places Hook.jung. t.41
: april, july
Pk
moist places Hook-jung. t. 19
Ba.G woods & hea. Hook jung. t?0
Pa.G Ben Nevis
Hjun t?2.suit?
Pa.G woods
Ol.G rocks
Hook.jung. t.75
Hook-jung t?6
14985 rptans Hook.
creeping
dense tufts
14986 trilobta Hook.
three-lobed
large patches
3 summer
14987 platyphylla Hook.

14988 laevigta Hook.
broad-leaved
polished
wide patches
2 march, aug. Br.G. old walls
loose tufts
14989 ciliaris Hook.

14990 Woodsii Hook.
ciliated
Woods's
crowded tufts 5 spr. and sum. R.Br. Irish mount. Hook-jung. t.06
14991 tomentlla Hook.
downy
broad patches 3 march, oct.
14992 Mackii Hook.
Mackay's
dense patches I febr., novem. Bk.G trees& rocks Hook.jung. ts
Hjun.t:40.su.t.3
24 summer
Br.Ol woods
Hook.jung. t35
dense patches 2 spr. and sum. R.Br rocks & hea. Hook-jung t
".
14951
summer
Pa.G moist places Hook-jung. t.36
14959
|||

bourhood
of Altdorf, and a work called Cornucopia Florae Giessensis. A genus of obscure plants, forming
ir re-es-,
-
by "eir creeping stems little patches upon tre.'"or
rocks, or on the earth in damp places. The British
ORDER VI.
CRYPTOGAMIA HEPATICAE.
921
14951 Stem procumbent flexuose branched in a starry manner, Leaves broad-ovate acutely 2-parted: segments
folded together with spiny teeth, Fruit terminal
14952 Lvs. subquad. acutely bifid.: segm. acute straight ent Fruit terminal, Cal. obl. plaited: mouth toothed
14953 Leaves subquadrate obtusely bifid: segments acute, Fruit terminal, Cal. oblong plaited: mouth toothed
14954 Lvs. orbicul. concave at extrem. lunul. emarg. Fruit term. upon short prop. central branches. Cal. obl. ov.
14955 Lvs. round very conc. bif.: segm. long acum. incurv. Fr. term. upon short prop. branch. Cal. obl. subplicate
c Leaves 3-4 fid: segments equal.
14956 Stem prost. nearly simp. Lvs. round square: lower bifid; upp. 3-4-fid, Fr. term. Cal. obl. ov. somew, plait.
14957 Leaves subquadrate waved subtrifid; segm. equal here and there toothed, Fruit terminal, Cal. obovate
14958 Leaves spreading horizontally quadrate waved obtusely bitricrenate, Fruit terminal, Cai campanulate,
Theca spherical bursting irregularly
14959 Leaves bifarious closely imbricated erect quadrate quadrifid: their inferior angles here and there spinul.
toothed, Fruit terminal and lateral, Cal oblong plicate: the mouth open
d Leaves bifid: segments unequal folded together.

14960 Lvs. unequally 2-lobed 1-bifid tooth cili. Lobes fold-together: lower ones larger obov.; upp subcord. obt.
14961 Stem erect nearly simple, Leaves unequally 2-lobed as deep as base: tooth ciliated, Lobes folded together
14962 Lvs. uneq 2-lob Lobes folded together serrated at extrem, acute: lower ones larger ov.; upp, round ov.
14963 Leaves unequally 2-lobed wavy entire, Lobes roundish folded together; lower ones largest, Fruit term.
Cal. oblong incurved compressed
14964 Leaves roundish nearly equally 2-lobed entire, Lobes folded together, Fr. term. Cal obl. incurv. compres.
14965 Leaves unequally 2-lobed folded together with a pellucid line in the middle serrated at the extremity
Fruit terminal, Cal. obovate cylindrical
14966 Lvs. unequally 2-lobed folded together obtuse entire, Fruit term. Cal. obov. : mouth contracted toothed
14967 Lvs. unequally 2-lobed folded together narr. ov. acute, Fr. term. Cal. ov.plaited: mouth contract toothed
14968 Leaves horizontally spreading somewhat folded together: upper equally, lower unequally 2-lobed, All
the lobes rather acute, Cal obovate
14969 Stem prostrate nearly simple, Leaves unequally 2-lobed, Lobes folded together: lower larger ovate
concave acute; upper minute tooth-like
14970 Leaves imbricated on the upper side unequally 2-lobed folded together: upper lobes the larger convex bifid
and toothed at the extremity
14971 Lvs. distich. imbricat. above unequ.2-lobed: upp. lobes larger orbicul; lower ov. appres, flat, Cal. truncat.
++ Furnished with stipules.
* Leaves entire or rarely emarginate.
14972 Leaves orbicular and ovate acuminate, Stipules broadly subulate
14973 Lvs. all rounded, Stip. broadly subul. Fruit term. Cal, ovate compressed at the extremity truncate 2-lipped
14974 Lvs. round concave entire and emarg. Stipules broadly subul. Fruit terminal, Cal. immersed in the leaves
14975 Lvs. horizontal rounded quad. plane ent, and emarg. Stip. obl. bifid, Fr. upon very short proper branches
14976 Stem creeping simple, Lvs. rather rem. cuneiform ent or bluntly emarg. at end, Stip minute ovate bifid
14977 Leaves horizontal plane ovate entire, Stipules broadly ovate toothed lanc. Fr. lat. Cal. subterr. obl. fleshy
14978 Leaves horizontal convex ovate ent Stipules round lunate-emarg. Fruit lat. Cal. subterr. obl. fleshy hairy
** Leaves 2 or 3 cleft: segments equal.
14979 Leaves broadly ovate decurrent bifid at the apex ; segm, very acute entire, Stipules bitrifid and laciniate
14980 Stem creeping branched, Leaves round-ovate decurrent rarely acutely often obtusely emarginate or entire,
Stipules bitrifid, Fruit terminal, Cal. ovate
14981 Leaves round acutely emarginate: segments acute straight, Stipules large ovate acuminate with a single
tooth at the base on each side
14982 Stem nearly erect simple or branched, Leaves ovate concave acutely emarginate, Stipules minute ovate
bifid, Fruit terminal, Cal. oblong cylindrical little plaited
14983 Leaves rounded quadrate 3-4-fid, Stipules lanceolate acutely bifid: their margins lacerated
14984 Lvs. very concave nearly hemispherical emarg. Stip. ovate lanc. obtuse, Fruit term. upon short branches
14985 Leaves imbricated above subquadrate incurved acutely 4-toothed, Stip.
quad. 4-tooth. Fr. radical
14986 Lvs. imbricat. above ov. convex obtusely trident. Stip. broadly subquad. cren. Fr. from lower part of stem
''
** Leaves bifid: segments unequal folded together.

a Lower segments or smaller ones flat.
14987 Lvs. unequal. lob.: upper lobes round ov. nearly ent.; lower and stip. ligulate quite entire, Fruit lateral
14988 Lvs. unequal 2-lobed spinull-toothed: upper lobes roundish ov.; lower ligul. Stip. obl. quad. spiny toothed
14989 Leaves very convex unequally 2 lobed: , and lobules ovate bipart fringed with long and slender ciliae
14990 Stem procumbent bitripinnate, Leaves very convex unequally 2-lobed: upper lobes 2-parted spiny toothed;
lower very minute oblong entire
14991 Leaves nearly flat unequally 2-lobed cut into numerous capillary segments: upper lobes 2-partite; lower
minute, Stipules subquadrate laciniate
b Lower segments or smaller ones involute.
14992 Stem creeping uncoually branched, Leaves unequally 2-lobed: upper lobes rounded; lower minute invol.
Stipules large rounded obcordate
14987
14089
species have been admirably illustrated by Hooker, to whose Monograph no other botanical work can be
compared.
922
CLAss XXIV.
14993 serpylliflia Hook,
thyme-leaved imbric.masses
: april, june
Pa.G trun. of trees Hook-jung t
14994 hamatifolia Hook.

1499.5 minutissima Hook.
hook-leaved
very minute
spring
tapril, may
G
rocks
Hook-jung. til
Y.G. bark of trees Hook-jung t-52
14996 calyptriflia Hook.
calyptra-leav. little tufts
very smll. pat.

little patches
* summer
Pa.G on Ulex nan. Hook-jung. t.43
14997 Hutchinsiae Hook. Miss Hutchins's loose patches 1 summer
D.Ol damp pl., Ir, Hook-jung. t. 1
14998 dilatta Hook.
round patches + winter

large patches 3 april, sept.
Br.P trun. of trees Hook.jung. t. 5

Br.G on the earth Hook-jung t-6
14999 Tamarisci Hook.
dilated
Tamarisk
15000 pinguis Hook.
fat
loose
15001 multifida Hook.
many-cut
crowded tufts 1 spring
Pa.G moist sha.pl Hook.jung. t +6

Pa.G moist pl. hea. Hook-jung. t-45
15002 Blsia Hook.

15003 epiphylla Hook.
Blasia
tehes
1 spring
D.G moist heaths H.jun.t.82,83,84
epiphyllous
rge patches 3 spr. and aut. Pa.G moist hedges Hook.jung, t-47
15004 furcta Hook.
forked
15005 pubescens Hook.

15006 Lyllii. Hook.
downv
Mr. Lyell's
large patches
15007 hibrnica Hook.
Irish
atches
oose patches
loose patches
2254. MARCHANTIA. Mich. MARCHANTIA.

15008 polymrpha E. B. . variable
broad patches
15009 hemisphaerica E. B. hemispherical broad patches
15010 cnica E. B.
conical
broad patches
15011 andrgyna E. B.
androgynous broad patches
2255. RICCIA. E.B.
15012 glanca E. R.
15013 ntans E. B.
Riccia.
glaucous
swimming
floating
spurious
15014 flitans E. B.
15015 spria Dicks.
patches
floating
floating
patches
2 summer
1 oct., march
1 spring
1 may
april
Sp. 4-7.
2 winter
14 winter
2 winter
11 winter
Sp. 4.
* spring
* spring
* spring
* spring
2256. ANTHO'CEROS. E. B. ANThoceros.

multifid
patches
15017 puncttus E. B.
dotted
tehes
Sp. 3-5.
# summer
l? spring
road patches + spring
15016 multifidus Dicks.

15018 mjor E. B.
2257.
large
TARGIO'NIA.
15019 hypophylla E.B.
E. B. TARGIonia.
flat-leaved
broad patches
8. SPHEROCAR'PUS.earth
E. B. SPHRRocARPUs.
15020 terrstris E. B.
spots
Pa.G. trun. of trees Ho-jung. t.55,56

Gl
rocks
Hook.jung. tT3
Pa.G. bogs
Hook.jung. t 77
Pa.G shores of Ir. H.ju. tT8..stifl
D.G
D.G
D.G.
Pa.G
moist rocks
moist rocks
shady banks
wet rocks
Eng bot t210

Eng. bot. t. 503
Eng bott. 504
Eng. bot. t. 25.45
--
Gl
rocks
G
ditches
Pa. G ditches
Eng bott:46
Eng, bott. 25:
Eng. bot t 251

Pa.G mount. mar. Dick.cr.t.11.f.16
G
crev. in roc. Dillmust 68 ft
Pa.G damp places Eng bott 15:
D.G damp places Eng bott. 158
Sp. 1-3.
+ wint. and spr. D.G wet places

Sp. 1-4.
* winter
Eng bot. t. 987
Bt.G
14993
2254. Marchantia. Named by Nicholas Marchant, in honor of his father John Marchant, the first botanist
whom the Academy of Sciences of Paris admitted among its members, in 1666 Soft-leaved creeping plant':
with green cellular '', fronds spreading over the surface of the ground in wet places. M. hemisphaeri"
polymorpha are often the pest of the florist, whose flower pots are overrun by them, and continually dis
figured.
# Riccia. Pietro Francisco Ricci, was a Florentine botanist, who left some of his works to the academy
of Florence. Little, generally floating, simple plants, of the nature of which very little is known. Only one
kind has been observed in fructification, and that is of a very ambiguous character. The thecae, or the organ"
so called, are little round bodies immersed in a cavity of the frond, and containing minute sporules
2256. Anthoceros.
From acy.9er, a flower, and ****, a horn, on account of the horn-like form of the theca,
which old botanists considered to be the flower. "Minute frondose plants, with a linear 2-valved theca, co"
taining a columella to which the sporules are attached. In habit they resemble Jungermannia.
ORDER VI.
923
1499.3 Lvs. unequal. 2-lobed: upperlobes rounded; lower minute invol. Stip roundish acutely bifid, Fruit lateral
14994 Lvs. unequally 2-lobed: upper lobes ovate-acum. mostly curved at extremity; lower ovate acutely bifid
14995 Stem creeping unequally branched, Leaves unequally 2-lobed: upper lobes hemispherical; lower minute
almost obsolete, Stipules ovate rounded bifid, Fruit lateral
14996 stem creeping branched, Leaves unequally 2-lobed: upper lobes larger calyptriform; lower bluntly
square circumvolute, Fruit lateral
c Lower segments or smaller ones saccate.
14997 Stem creeping branched, Leaves unequally 2-lobed: upper lobes ovate spiny-serrated: lower minute
saccate generally 1-toothed at base, Fruit lateral
14908 Lvs. unequally 2-lobed: upper lobes ovate rounded; lower rounded saccate, Stip rounded flat emarginate
14999 Lvs. unequally 2-lobed: upper lobes ovate roundish; lower minute obov. saccate, Stip. subquadrate emarg.
$ 2. Frondose.
+ Nerveless.
15000 Frond obl decumb. nervl. fleshy nearly plane above: swell ben. ; irregularly branch. The margin sinuated
15001 Frond lin. nerveless fleshy compressed branched in a pinnated manner, Fruit marginal, Cal. very short
++ Nerved.
15002 Frond obl. submemb, dichot costate having scattered scales on the underside, Cal and calyptra within frond
1500.3 Frond obl. submembranous irregularly divided obsoletely ribbed: the margin entire or lobed and sinuated,
Fruit from upper part of frond near the apex
15004 Frond lin. dichotomous membranous costate glabr. above: more or less hairy beneath and on the margin,
Fruit from the lower surface of the nerve
15005 Frond lin. dichotomous membranous costate pubescent in every part

[of the fronds
15006 Frond obl somew. branch. memb, costate: the margin nearly entire, Fruit arising from the superior surface
15007 Frond obl dichotomous membranous costate with the margin entire, Fruit arising from the upper surface
of the frond
15008
15009
15010
15011
Recept. of thecae deeply cut in a stellated manner into about ten narr segm.: that of the anthers pedunculat.
Recept. of thecae hemispherical cloven into about 5 oval segments
Recept. of thecae entire conical ovate somewhat angular: that of the anthers sessile
Recept. of thecae hemispherical half 4-cleft of 4 cells
15012 Frond small obl. somew divid.: the segments 2-lobed at the end fleshy glaucous dotted on the surface
15013 Frond triangular cordate covered with long linear lanceolate segments on one side
15014 Frond membranous dichotomous, Lobes retuse
15015 Fronds membranous lobed pellucid, Theca beneath the sinuses of the lobes solit, exserted turbinate tooth.
15016 Fronds bipinnatifid linear
15017 Fronds multifid lobed sinuated, Theca subulate half bifid
15018 Fronds lobed rounded flat, Theca short
15019 Frond flat imbricated lobed, Lobes rounded retuse
15020 Frond simple ovate, Thecae pyriform clustered at the base of frond
2257. Targionia. So called in remembrance of John Anthony Targioni, a meritorious Florentine botanist,
who published in 1734 a work for the purpose of shewing the importance of botanical lectures, with reference
to a course of studies in medicine. There was also another Florentine physician called John Targioni Tozzetti,
after whom Tozzettia has been named. This genus consists of only one species, which is frondose and lobed.
The theca is concealed and almost sessile within the involucre, globose, bursting at the apex, and discharging
its sporules mixed with spiral filaments. This genus is very near Jungermannia.
2258. Sphaerocarpus. From reauga, a globe, and wares, fruit, in allusion to the form of the fruit. The
plant consists of a roundish delicate membranous frond, bearing on its disk a cluster of obpyriform receptacles,
each of which has a globose transparent finely membranous seed-vessel, filled with minute sporules unmixed
with elastic filaments.
-*------,
924
CRYPTOGAMIA.
Order 7.
CLAss XXIV.
ALGAE.
Reproductive organs of two kinds. 1. Thecae or tubercles variously situated. 2. Sporules or granules naked or
immersed in the frond.
Plants always aquatic and submersed.
This order is constituted of the sea-weeds of our ocean, and of the floating scum-like substances of our ditches
and rivers. Little is known of the functions which what are called their reproductive organs perform. The
nature and structure of those organs are so various as to render it improbable that they should all be destined
for the same purposes. The bodies which are called sporules are variously situated; now filling distinct thecae (a),
or even tubercles (b), which are either free (b,c,d), or imbedded in the substance of the frond (e, f); now ap
pearing to be naked and surrounded by an involucre (g); now scattered or arranged in some determinate
manner in the interior of the frond. (h) The fronds are either cylindrical (h), or plane (i), sometimes little more
more than a mere membrane, sometimes hard and horny, and extended to the length of many feet. Many are
articulated (i, k): their line of separation is then called a joint, and the space between two joints an articulation.
Professor Agardh, of Lund, one of the most celebrated of modern cryptogamists, and whose disposition of
Algae is adopted here, in his latest work, called Systema Algarum, published at Lund, in 1824, defines the order
thus:
Aquatic plants destitute of cotyledons and of sexual organs; gelatinous, membranous, or coriaceous;
filamentous, laminose, or even leafy; in color green, purple, or olivaceous; jointed or continuous; bearing
sporidia (little transparent bodies containing sporules), either included in pericarps or scattered over the
surface.
The Algae form one of the three forms of the lowest order of vegetation, Lichens and Fungi the two other.
Of the former, many are considered by some botanists to be animalcula, and others, to be the young seedling
plants of mosses.
TRihe I.
DIATOMEAE.
Bodies of various forms, flat and crystalline, and separating into fragments.
2259. Achnanthes.
Frond stalked, vexilliform.
Marine.
2260. Diatoma. Filaments jointed, hyaline, rigid, simple, united in pairs longitudinally, at length separating
into articulations cohering by their alternate angles.
---
2261. Fragillaria. Filaments jointed, simple, gelatinous, compressed, fragile, separating at the joints.
2262 Meloseira.
Filaments jointed, contracted at the joints, very fragile, and easily separating.
2263. Desmidium. Filaments transversely and densely striated, mucous, flexible, green, half separated into
articulations, and in that state pinnatifid.
2264 Schizonaema.
- -
Filaments bead-like, composed of narrower cohering filaments inclosing elliptical
granules, into which they are finally dissolved.
Marine.
TRIBE II.
NOSTOCHINAE.
Individuals numerous, globular or filiform, suspended in a gelatine of a definite form.

2265 Palmella. Minute or small, somewhat diaphanous gelatinous plants, filled with solitary granules
unmixed with filaments.
66. Echinella. A roundish gelatine crammed with elliptical radiant corpuscles. Marshy.
2267. Alcyonidium. A spongy fleshy lobed frond filled with granules. Marine.
2268. Nostoc. Plants , or shapeless, gelatinous. Substance composed of curved moniliform simple
-
filaments, lying irregularly in a gelatinous nidus.
2269, Corynephora. A gelatinous roundish puckered frond filled with jointed filaments, bearing here and
there clavate processes.
2270. Rivularia. A gelatinous subglobose frond filled with filaments, radiating from a common centre, con
tinuous, placed on a globule, and marked with annulations inside.
2271. Chatophora. Plant elongated or globose gelatinous.
Substance composed of branched articulated
filaments.
2272. Scythymenia. A coriaceous tough stratum, formed of fibres and granules mingled together.
TRIBE III. CONFERVOIDEAE.
Filaments jointed either externally or internally, separate, and not combined in any definite form.
2273. Byssocladium, Filaments like cobwebs, scattered externally with sporidia. Slightly inundated
2274. Mycinema. Filaments membranous, opaque, tenacious, colored (usually tawny). Slightly inundated
2275. Chroolepus. Filaments rigid, nearly solid, opaque, crumbling into powder, torulose. On rocks or bark,
2.76. Trentepohlia. Filaments flexible, colored, bearing capsules, which generally proceed from the last
articulation, which is inflated.
Inundated or fluviatile.
2277. Scytonema. Plant not gelatinous, coriaceous

internally, or filled with annular transverse bodies.
#.
Filaments short, forming dark dense tufts, beaded
On rocks or inundated, rarely marine.
---
Stigonema. Filaments continuous, coriaceous, naked, marked inside with dots disposed in rings. 0"
rocks.
# *otonema. Filaments somewhat jointed, rooting very minute.
**, Hygrocrocis.
Filaments hyaline, arachnoid, obsoletely articulated, floating in a shapeless gelatine or
":
'an:Filaments
281.
Leptomitus.
'u'.ed.
not
******
hyaline or slightly colored, arachnoid, obsoletely articulated,
seimarate,* crect
v- ww.
-
=1:
ORDER VII.
ALGAE.
925
2282. Mesogloia. Frond filiform, cylindrical, gelatinous, with compact somewhat moniliform branches
radiating from a medullary pith, and bearing capsules.
228.3.
trachospermum. Frond filiform, gelatinous, sending out from the primary filament moniliform
gemmiferous branches.
2284. Draparnaldia. Filaments green, jointed, very gelatinous. Ramuli penicillate fascicled. Fructifica
tion a granular mass in the articulations of the main filaments.
2285. Oscillatoria. Plants gelatinous. Filaments simple, continuous, membranaceous, filled internally with
transverse parallel striae.
2286, Calothrir. Filaments destitute of a mucous matrix, stiffish, straight, motionless, with a continuous
tube annulated inside.
2.287. Lyngbya. Filaments without a mucous matrix, freely floating, flexible, motionless, with a continuous
tube annulated inside.
2288. Bangia. Filaments capillary, mostly simple, tubular, continuous. Fructification; granules disposed in
regular transverse series or strata.
2,289. Zygnema. Filaments jointed, simple, gelatinous, compressed, fragile, separating at the joints.
2290. Mougeotia. Filaments articulated, connected like a net, with irregularly placed granules, and thecae
attached to the angles of the meshes
2.91. Hydrodictyon. Filaments articulated, connected like a net. Articulations viviparous, including young
individuals.
2292. Conferva. Filaments uniform, jointed, membranaceous, simple or branched, mostly green.
cation, granules scattered in the articulations. Salt and fresh water.
Fructifi
2.293. Bulbochaete. . First filament articulated, sending out from the apex of the articulations an accessory
branchlet. Thecae alternating with the accessory branches. Marshy.
2.294. Nitella. Filaments consisting of a single tube, membranous, jointed, with whorled branches. Organs
of fructification twofold and separate; first nucules spirally striated, without bractes, and not crowned;
second, colored globules. Sea and marshes.
2295. Chart. Filaments spirally striated, jointed, with whorled branches. Organs of fructification two
fold, and close together; first, nucules spirally striated, furnished with bractea, and crowned; second,
colored globules. Sea and marshes.
2296. Ceramium. Filaments jointed, subdichotomous, red, articulations veined or diaphanous. Fructifica
tion; capsules with an involucre of short ramuli. Marine.
2297. Griffithsia. Filaments jointed, rose red, branched. Articulations marked with one broad tube-like
line, the joints pellucid. Fructification; pedunculated capsules on the ramuli. Marine.
22.98. Chatospora. Filaments obsoletely articulated, rosy, covered by axillary articulated fruit-bearin
branches, which either include in the middle a globe of sporules, or change to a lanceolate receptacle
with setae, among which the sporules nestle. Marine.
2299. Polysiphonia. Filaments jointed, longitudinally striated, with internal parallel tubes. Fructification;
Marine.
2300. Rytiphlea. Frond flattened, distichous, transversely striated, becoming black when dry, with incurved
double ovate capsules, and granules in swollen branchlets.
ramenta. Fruit twofold; first, spherical capsules with pyriform sporidia; and second, lanceolate pods with
roundish sporidia. Marine.
2301. Ectocarpus. Filaments jointed, much branched, fuscous. Fructification; lanceolate pods or ovate
capsules solitary or racemose. Marine.
2302. Sphacellaria. Filaments jointed, branched, olivaceous, distichous or dichotomous; apex of the branches
hacellate or hyaline, abrupt. Fructification; granules in the sphacellated apex, or capsules. Marine.
2503. Cladostephus. Plant olivaceous. Main filaments opake, inarticulate; branches jointed, mostly whorled
with ramuli. Fructification; capsules. Marine.
Thibe IV.
ULVACEAE.
Frond membranous, continuous, tubular or flattened, never ribbed, herbaceous, or very rarely purple. Fruit a
meap of sporules, either naked, or forming scattered granules covered by coniocystas.
2304. Waucheria. Filaments dichotomous or irregularly branched, somewhat rigid. Fructification; a granu
lated mass within the frond, and external dark vesicles variously sinuated.
2305. Codium. Frond spongy, of a determinate figure formed of filaments densely packed, which are tubular
and continuous, and colored by a granular green powder. Coniocystas clustered at the surface of the frond.
2:306. Bryopsis. Root minutely scutate. Filaments tubular, continuous, aggregated, branched, pinnate, or
imbricated upwards with branchlets. Fructification a dark internal granular mass.
2307. Solenia. Frond tubular, membranous, with a striated areolated surface. Sporidia very minute and
compact.
: Ulva. Root scutate. Frond plane, ribless, flabelliform or wedge-shaped, or linear and dichotomous.
Fructification naked immersed; granules distributed in fours throughout the frond.
2309, Porphyra. Frond flat, purple, with the membrane of equal texture. Fruit twofold; first, sori of
oval sporidia collected in a disorderly manner; second, two parallel lines marked on each side by a globule.
TRihe V.
FLORIDEAE.
"
Frond coriaceous or rarely membranous, flat or filiform,

or punk. Sporidia purple, included
in capsules or clustered in sori.
2310. Polyides. Frond filiform, fastigiate, cartilaginous, softish, composed of radiating fibres. Fruit, spongy
warts composed of fibres supporting sporidia.

2311. Ptilota. Root scutate. Fronds compressed or plane, pinnate. Fructification; a cluster of naked
granules surrounded by a linear cleft involucre.
2312. Rhodomela. Frond either flat or foliaceous, and somewhat ribbed or filiform.
Fruit twofold; first,
lomenta filled longitudinally with globules of sporaceous matter; second, capsules with a few pyriform sporidia
sessile in the capsule (blackish when dry).
2313. Chondria. Frond continous, gelatinoso-cartilaginous.
Fructification double; naked granules im
mersed in the substance of the ramuli and external tubercles.
2314. Sphaerococcus.
Root scutate. Frond submembranaceous or cartilaginous.
Fructification uniform;
tubercles or capsules.
2315. Halymenia. Frond flat or tubular, somewhat membranous. Fruit, dot-like tubercles half immersed
in the lamina of the frond.
2316. Bonnemaisonia.
Frond filiform, compressed, pectinate, ciliated.
Fruit, capsules with pyriform
sporidia fastened together in a chain-like manner.

2317. Delesseria. Root scutate. Frond plane, membranaceous, with or without ribs. Fructification double,
tubercles and clusters of naked immersed granules.
Taipe VI.
FUCOIDEAE.
Frond coriaceous, rarely membranous, continuous, olive-green, flat or filiform. Sporidia black, included rn
capsules, which are either ovate, and surrounded ly a hyaline border, and nestling in a peculiar receptacle, or
pyriform, and immersed in the frond.
2318. Lemanea. Frond filiform, torulose, tubular. Chains of sporae adhering to the inner surface of the
filament, pencilled moniliform.
In fresh water.
926
CRYPTOGAMIA.
Class XX1 V.
2319. Chordaria. Root scutate. Frond filiform of an olive color and cartilaginous substance. Fructifica
tion; clavate, pyriform, concentric filaments constituting the whole frond.
2320. Scytosiphon. Root scutate. Frond tiiform, tubular, subcoriaceous. Fructification; naked pyriform
granules covering the whole frond.
2321. Sporochnus. Root mostly scutate. Frond plane, with distichous branches, bearing, in most instances,
delicate pencil-like deciduous tufts of confervoid filaments. (Receptacles composed of concentric, clavate,
articulated corpuscules.)
2322. Haliseris. Frond flat, linear, ribbed, membranous. Capsules heaped in sori.
2323. Encaelium. Frond tubular or bladdery, dotted. Fruit, the tips of the frond filled with a black spor
ceous matter.
2324. Zonaria. Root downy. Frond plane, ribless, flabelliform or wedge-shaped, or linear and dichotomous.
Fructification, adnate tubercles collected into parallel lines on the frond.
DIATOMELE.
2259. ACHNANTHES. Agh. AcHNANTHEs.
15021 lngipes Ag.
long-stalked fine down
2260. DIATOMA. Ag.
DiatoMA.
15022 flocculsum Ag.
floccose
fine film
15023 marinum Ag.
marine
little tufts
15024 Biddulphianum Ag, Miss Biddulph's short down
15025 stritulum Ag.
striated
short down
15026 obliqutum Ag.
oblique
minutebranc.
2261. FRAGILLARIA. Ag. FRAGILLARIA.
15027 pectinlis Ag.
silvery
loose tufts
15028 hyemlis Ag.
winter
dense fl. tufts
Sp. 1-2.
* july
Gsh dit., sea coast Eb.t.2488. Confstipitata
Sp. 5-16.
* sum.
Y. Br ditches
t; febr. Y.G ocean

as nov.d. G
sea coast
is april G
Ocean
sum. Lt. Br ocean
Sp. 2-3.
E bott 1751. Confer"

E.b.
t1883 cover:
E.bot. t. 1762. Conferra
Ebot t 1928. Gover"

E. bot. t. 1869. Conferra
* march Y.G on wat plan. E. bottl11, Confer:

3 april
O.Br rivulets
Lyngb. phyt, dan. t. G
2262 MELOSEIRA. Ag. MELoselaa.

Sp. 3-5,...,
15029 nummuloides Ag. necklace
down-like
* march Ysh "salt marshes Eng, bot, te:87
15030 lineta Ag.
striated
short down
d march Ysh rivulets
Dilicon:24, th cover"
15031 discigera Ag.
cup-bearing short down
d sum Brsh Ivs. of aquat. Dico.25.t. B.C."
2263. DESMIDIUM. Ag. DEs MIDIUM.
Sp. 1-2.
15032 Swrtzii Ag.
pinnatifid
loose masses 1; sum. G
still waters E.b.t.2464. Conidissiliens
2264. SCHIZONE/MA. Ag. SchizoNEMA.
Sp. 5-9.
15033 Smithii Ag.
Smith's
slipp. threads 4 sum. Brsh sea coast
E. b.t.2101. Conf.frtiaa
15034 lacstre Ag:
lake
slipp threads
sum.
Brsh lakes
15035 Dillwynii Ag.
Dillwyn's
entangl. tufts 13 sp. su. Ol.G sea coast
Dico.t.104. Conf.frtida
15036 apicultum Ag:
pointed
lax tufts
#" spring Y.G sea in basins Grev. crypt. t.30
-
15037 dichtomum Grev.
dichotomous
erect tufts
i sum.
Y.G
sea in basins
NOSTOCHINAE.
2265. PALMEL/LA. Ag., PALMELLA.
15038 protberans Ag.
lobed
mass
15039 botryoides Ag.
bunched
thin skin
15040 adnta Ag.
adnate
gregarious
Sp. 6-12.
* sp aut. G
... aut.
* aut.
rocks
Eng bott. 2583 Ulaa
damp places
Y.Br mount rocks Lyngb. phyt, dan t-69

15026
2229. Achnanthes. From ax, the froth of the ocean, and 2,3es, a flower. Marine productions, separating
into fragments, but by degrees.
In the middle of each articulation are one or two crystalline points.
2:30. Diatoma. From 3 aroun, incision, in allusion to the curious manner in which the filaments are divided
into
joints
cohering alternately
angles.of their
22:1.
Fragiliaria.
So namedbyontheir
account
fragile nature, which is more remarkable than that of
other Confervae. The filaments when complete are flat and composed of little fragments glued together
crosswise. These are very narrow, and when once separated do not cohere again.
222. Meloseira. From "zer, a membrane, and guig, a chain, with reference to the form of the filaments.
This genus differs from the last, as Conferva from Oscillatoria.
2263. Desmidium. From 2a ar, a bond, in allusion to the singular manner in which the parts cohere when
in a state of dissolution. At that period the articulations become half separated one from the other in such a
way as to represent a pinnatifid appearance.
2261 Schizonema. From r213a, to divide, and "wa, a filament; the filaments are finally divided into com:
pound granules. These plants have entirely the habit and flexible substance of Confervae. When fresh they
are sparkling and brown, when dry olive-green, and very shining. They are composed of many filiform
'"
which include nearly the same corpuscles as are visible in the foreign genera Frustulla and
Cridlon.
ORDER VII.
ALGAE.
927
2525. Laminaria. Root fibrous. Stipes dilated into a plane frond. Fructification, naked granules immersed
and formin irregular groups in the frond.
236. Lichina. Fronds minute, tufted, greenish-black when growing. Fructification solitary tuberoles
with a pore, at length scutelliform.
2:327. Furcellaria. Frond cylindrical. Fructification concealed in

=g:
in the centre, and pyriforme granules in the circumference.
8. Fucus. . Root scutate.
the swollen extremities of the froud,
Frond plane or compressed, (rarely filiform) dichotomous.
Fructification,
tubercles contained in a common mucose receptacle, and filled with sporules and filaments.
2:29. Cystoseira. Root scutate. Stipes cylindrical. Lower leaves plane, upper ones filiform, furnished with
Piranate vescicles. Fructification, tubercles in common receptacles, the receptacles with several loculaments.
DLATO MELt.
15021 Articulations with one dot, Stem long
15022
15O23
15024
15025
15026
Filaments striated, Articulations nearly equal in diameter with parallel striae

Articulations half as long again as wide granular transversely
Filaments greenish, Articulations square striated
Filaments arcuate transversely striated, Articulations nearly square with pellucid joints
Articulations half as long again as wide oblique marked with a pellucid transverse band and a dot
15027 Filaments tapering very rigid with parallel transverse dense striae
15028 Filaments tapering orange-colored, Articulations twice as short as their diameter
15029 Filaments unequal containing nearly circular moniliform globules in rows
15030 Joints contract. Articulations
with 1 or 2 very fine lines about 3 times as long as wide
15031 Articulations shorter than broad finally changed into somewhat oval close moniliform heaps
15032 Filaments after copulation pinnatifid traversed by a longitudinal green streak, Articulations 2-toothed
15033
15034
15035
50.36
Filaments somewhat branched caespitose acute, Granules parallel clustered

Filam. somew. branched caespitose acute, Granules clustered appressed, Membrane of filam inconspicuous
Filaments densely branched virgate, Granules elliptical
Filaments minute continuous erect branched containing cylindrical oblong scattered granules
15037 Filaments slender erect dichotomous, Branches swollen here and there into roundish knobs: interior
gelatinous with numerous cylindrical oblong granules
NOSTOChiNAE.
15038 Frond thick angular-lobed, Granules elliptical
15 so Fronds aggregate minute globose, Granules globose
15040 Frond deformed rugose, Granules globose brown
2265. Palmella. Apparently a diminutive of Palma, a little palm; but the application of the name is not
obvious in that sense. The plants are found in marshy or inundated places, and consist of globules nestling in
a gelatine; in which respect the genus differs from Protococcus, the Red Snow plant. It is supposed that
many of the species are only the ova of animalcules.
The Red Snow plant, which, as we have just said, is nearly related to this genus, has not hitherto been
noticed in this country, but as it has been found in many countries similar to our own regions of snow, it is so
probable that it exists in Great Britain, that we insert some particulars of it here, especially as it may be con
sidered to have been introduced at least in 1819, by Captain Ross's expedition to the North Pole. When viewed
under the highest powers of a simple microscope, it appears to consist of globules containing a red fluid. We
select the following observations upon its history, from a communication made to the News of Literature and
science, on the twenty-first of January, 1826.
Our scientific readers will remember the interest which was excited on the subject of this natural produc
tion, upon the return of Captain Ross from his Polar expedition, some years since. At that time it was
examined by three of the most acute observers in this country, especially of microscopical objects, Wollaston,
Brown, and Bauer, who all formed a similar conclusion in one respect, that it was of vegetable origin.but were
of different opinions as to its precise nature: Dr. Wollaston supposing it to be the seed of a moss; Mr. Brow n,
a substance belonging to Algae, and nearly related to Trem
cruenta, a common British plant; and Mr.
928
CRYPTOGAMIA.
15041 rsea Lyngb.

100.42 montna Ag.
15043 crunta Ag.
rosy
mountain
regarious
af-like
thin crust
bloody
Class XXIV.
... sum.
Pk
on lichens
13 sum.
R.G alpine rocks Eng bot: t:2195 UEra
... all sea. R.Br shady places E. bot, t. 1800. Treme:a
2266. ECHINEL'LA. Ag. Echinella.

15044 articulta. Ag.
jointed
thin film
Sp. 1-3.
... jn.jl
G
lakes
E.b. t. 1378. Ceckinwata
ocean
Ocean
Eng.bot. t. 263. Utea
2267. ALCYON1/DIUM. Ag. AlcyoniDIUM.

15045 diphanum Ag.
transparent
fleshy mass
15046 flavscens
yellowish
fleshy mass
6 sum.
3 sum.
Y
Y
15047 defractum Ag.
4 sum.
Y.Pk ocean
Sn 3-7.
broken
2258. NOSTOC. Ag.

15048 commne Ag:
15049 prunifrme
15050 sphaericum Ag.
15051 verrucsum Ag.
vermicular
Nostoc.
Common
lobed mass
plum-shaped
spherical
little balls
little balls
warted
gregarious
Grev. crypt. t. 51
2269. CORYNE PHORA. Ag. CoRYNEPHoRA.

15052 marina Ag.
marine
lobed mass
Rivularia tubertformis E. B.
2270. RIVULARIA. Ag., RivulARIA.
Fl. dan. t. 1245. Uira
Eng, bot. t. 1626. Utes
Sp. 4-22.
2 sum. OLG
* sum. Ol.G
* sum. Ol.G
1 april Ol.G
damp places E.bot. t. 461. Treme fa

lakes
still waters
rocks
Sp. 1.
11 avg.
sea shore
Br
15053 tra Ag.

15054 angulsa Ag:
dark
minute dots
Sp. 3-11.
r oct.
D.G. sea plants
angular
15055 calcrea E. B.
calcareous
little balls
conflu. mass.
sum.
Dl.G ditches
14 all sea. G
lakes &
Eng. bot. t. 1956
Eng. bot. t. 1798

Eng. bot. t. 968
mar. Eng. bot. t. 1799
Linckia dura Lyngb.
2271. CHAETO'PHORA. Ag. CHAEToPHoRA.

15056 tuberculsa Ag.
15057 endiviaeflia
#.
8 crassa Ag.
Sp. 2-12.
* sept. G
warty
balls
endive-leaved branched
thick-leaved
branched
2272. SCYTHYME'NIA. Ag. ScythyMENIA.

15058 rupstris Ag.
rock
broad mass
2 sum.
2 sum.
G
G
ditches
still waters
E.bot. t.2566. Rivalaria

Lyngb. phyt, dan.t-65
lakes
E. b. t. 967. L.incrassata
rocks
Eng bot. t. 2194
Sp. 1.
24 sum.
Br
Bauer refering it to a genus of Fungi, called Uredo. We have lately seen a curious paper upon this subject,
by Professor Agardh, of Lund, whose opinions upon all matters connected with the lower orders of vegetation
demand deep attention.
That snow occasionally assumed a red color, had long been a fact of which there could be no doubt; and
that water was also under particular circumstances stained with red, we have the popular traditions of showers
of blood, and water changed to blood, to attest. In the year 1608, a shower of blood fell near Aix, in France,
which was examined by Peiresc, and found to be caused by insects; and to the same cause was undoubtedly
to be ascribed the bloody rain that fell at Schonen, in 1711, which the learned Bishop Swedberg looked upon
as a supernatural
phenomenon,
a directare
signgenerally
of the anger
of the
Theofredanpools
whichnumber
are occa:
sionally
met with,
even in thisandcountry,
stained
by Divinity.
the presence
immense
of
animalcules, called Daphinia Pulex, or Cyclope quadricornis. The red stains sometimes seen upon the sea
shore are occasioned by a particular sort of Fucus. Professor Agardh proceeds to observe, that the red snow
is
very common
in all the
alpine
districts
Europe;
is probably,
most part, upon
of theMount
same
nature
as that brought
from
the North
Poleofby
Captainwhere
Ross. it Saussure
sawforit the
in abundance
Brevern, in Switzerland, and elsewhere; Ramond found it on the Pyrenees, and Sommerfeldt in Norway. In
March, 1808, the whole country about Cadore, Belluno, and Feltri, was in a single night covered to the depth
of twenty centimetres with a rose-colored snow; at the same time a similar shower was witnessed on the
mountains of Waltelin, Brescia, Carinthia, and Tyrol. But the most remarkable red-snow shower was that
which fell on the night between the 14th and 15th of March, 1823, in Calabria Abruzzo, in Tuscany, and at
Bologna, and upon the whole chain of the Appennines.
We may
ad:
that both
snow and ice were seen
stained with red, green, and blue, by the late expedition under Baron Wrangel to the Frozen Ocean.
* With this information before him, Professor Agardh proceeds to consider the nature of this remarkable
substance, which he concludes, with Brown, to be referable to the lowest order of Algae, and to stand as a
distinct genus, which he calls Protococcus, upon the very limits of the animal and vegetable kingdoms.
Saussure, indeed, from finding that the red snow of the Alps gave out, when burnt, a smell like that of plants,
concluded that it was of vegetable origin; but he sup
it to consist of the farina of some plant, although
he could neither account for its having ascended to such elevated regions, nor mention a plant whose farina
was of that color.
Besides the plant called Palmella cruenta, which is similar in its structure to the red-snow plant, other low
vegetable productions have been noticed by different authors, as possessing a similar color Such are the
Lepraria Kermesina, which, by the way, is considered only a particular state of the red-snow, plant itself, and
the Byssus cobaltiginea. These are always found in situations in which they are exposed to the intense action
of light, such as vast plains of snow, or masses of glittering limestone. Whence it is inferred, that the color
of the red snow is attributable to the action of light, modified in some mysterious manncr, by the nature of
the body on which it strikes. In confirmation of which hypothesis, it is remarked, that when the Lepraria
ORD.VII. TRIBE II.
AlGAE NOSTOCHINAE,
15041 Minute roundish soft rose-colored containing extremely minute sporules

15042. Frond deformed rugose, Granules ovate red
1504.3 Frond crust-like crimson
15044 Corpuscles radiant lanceolate jointed
15045 Branches elongated
15046 Branches short obtuse
15047 Frond filiform simple

15048.
150-49
15050
15051
Frond expanded deformed plaited wavy

Frond globose watery inside, Integument coriaceous very smooth
Frond globose solid smooth
Frond bladdery subcoriaceous hollow plaited smooth
1505.3 Frond hemispherical hard, Filaments very dense branched by apposition

15054 Frond globose hollow, Filaments simple
15055 Filaments intermingled with calcareous particles hard and crustaceous when dry
15056 Frond tubercular hollow, Filaments distributed in many little orbs

15057 Frond linear flattish dichotomous at base much pinnated at and
a Branches very short
1505.3
15058
Rermesina is found understems, stones, or in crevices of limestone, where light can scarcely gain admittance,
gradually passes from red to green.
the only difficulty in the way of this explanation of its nature is in the statements of so many observers,
that the red snowfalls from the air. But Professor Agardh shrewdly remarks, that all the persons agree that
its color
it fell in the night, which is as much as to say, that no one saw it fall. He is of opinion that the Protococcus,
or ited Snow, is called into existence by the vivifying power of the sun's light, after its warmth has caused
the snow to dissolve, and accompanied by that incomprehensible power in white snow, of producing a color;
and, moreover, that it first attracts the eye when there is a considerable quantity, in the same way that we do
not see the color of drops of water till they have accumulated in the ocean.
2266. Echinella. From echinus, an hedgehog, in allusion to the bristly appearance presented by its radiant
particles. Many naturalists believe the bodies referred to this genus to be animalcula.
2267. Alcyonidium. So called, from 4xxverties, the foam of the sea, among which the plants referred to this
genus are naturally produced. This also is supposed to be the nidus of animalcula. Lamouroux who origin
ally fixed it here, afterwards referred it to Zoophytes; in which last opinion Gaillon agrees with him, declaring
that he has actually seen the animalcula nestling in it. D'Orbigny and Ellis consider it the ova of a testaceous
animal.
2268. Nostoc. A name first used by Paracelsus, without an explanation of its meaning.
Agardh thinks
this singular substance changes into the genus Collema among the Lichens.
2.269. Corynephora. From ***, a club, and paea, to bear, in allusion to the clavate filaments which are
found on different parts of it. The species are found in the ocean.
2970. Rivularia. So named on account of the
es in which the species grow. They have a globose frond,
of a gelatinous but toughish texture. Their color is dark-green, and not as in the next genus, pale-green.
The filaments are very singular, seated on a globule, simple, cylindrical, and terminated by a very fine point;
they are densely compact, continuous, and filled with a green annular matter.
2271. Chaetophora. From zarz, a bristle, and grew, to bear; the filaments are terminated by a bristle-like
-
point. This genus is chiefly distinguished from Confervoideae by its gelatine. The color is brightgreen, and
the texture softer than in the preceding. The manner of propagation, which has been noticed in so small a
number of Algae, has been observed by Agardh in two species of this genus. In Chaetophora pisiformis little
hard crystalline corpuscles, like grains of sand, may be seen, which separate from the mother plant and pro
duce young filaments. But in C. clavata, the points of the filaments fall off and sink to the bottom of the
water, where they unite by three, four, five, or by a greater number at a time, in a common point, which is first
green, afterwards blackish, and apparently inorganic. From this beginning new individuals arise.
2.7% scythymenia. Derivation unknown. A very singular plant, formerly referred to Ulva. It has the
habit of a fungus, and grows upon damp walls. It is supposed to be most nearly related to Palmella.
5 O
--
- - -- -
- - ---
Clt YPTOGAMIA.
930
CLAss XXIV,
CONFER VOIDEAE.
2273. BYSSOCLADIUM. Ag. ByssocladiuM.
15059 fenestrle Ag.
window
fine tuft
2274. MYCINEMA. Ag. MycINEMA.

15060 arachnoideum Ag. cobweb
patch
15061 flvum Ag.
15062 rubiginsum Ag
tawny
rusty
15063 phosphreum
phosphoric
Ag,
15064 pulvreum Ag.
down-like
patch
patches
thin crust
2275. CHROOLE'PUS. Ag. CHRooler's

purple
patches
sweet-scented patches
15067 lichenicola Ag.
Lichen
down
15068 rubicndus Ag.
pink
patches
15069 ebneus Ag.
ebony
patches
15065 Jlithus Ag.

15066 odortus Ag.
2276. TRENTEPOH'LIA. Ag. TRENTEPoHLIA.

purple
patches
golden
tehes
Holly
patc.
pretty
downy tufts
15070 purprea Ag.
15071 adrea Ag.

S. ilicicola
15072 pulchlla Ag
A chalybea Ag.
^:
tufts
*ross
2277. SCYTONE/MA. Ag. ScyroNEMA.

15073 compctum Ag.
compact
tufts
15074 byssoideum Ag.
byssus-like
tufts
15075 myochrus Ag.
A ocelltum Ag.
z inundatum. Ag.
mouse-skin
mottled
inundated
15076 Bngii Lyngb.

spiral
15077 Sowerbynum Ag, Sowerby's
15078 comoides Ag.
tufted
slimy coat
slimy coat
slimy coat
Sp. 1-3.
all sea. G
rocks
Fl. dan. t. 899 f 1
trees
Lyngb.hydrop dan t-S7
on lichens
Eng. bot. t. 1609
bark of ap.tr.
rocks
E. b. t. 702 Byssus migra
Sp. 3-4.
r all sea. Pu
** all sea, Y
Th spring Y
sea coa, roc. Eng. bot t. 192. Byssa's

roc. & sub.w. Eng bott. 212 Byssa's
holly bark Enbot. t. 16:9 Conferns
+ spring R.Br on Confervae Eng bot. t. 9.85 Crica.

sept. D.Ol fresh water Eng, bot. t. 1996
Sp. 5-17. .
1 sum.
Bksh mountains
Lyngb.hydrop dan. t.3
1 sum.
1 sum.
B
rocks
D. Br rocks
Dillen. t. 1, f. 18
1 sum.
1 sum.
fine tufts
fine tufts
fine tufts
fine tufts
fine tufts
fine tufts
fine tufts
2281. LEPTOMITUS. Ag. LEProMrrus.

15094 minutissimus Ag. very minute little tufts
15095 lcteus Ag.
milky
patches
D. Braquat plants Eng bot t 9530

D. Br inund. places Eng, bot t 1555
AErug subalp banks Lyngbhydrop-dants

Ol. Br ocean
Eb, t:2:19 cmira*
Rs.br ocean
Eng. bot. t. 1700. Cory.
Sp. 1-3.
# sum. Bk.G rocks

Sp. 7-10.
+, sum. G
Dillw.conf. t. 25. Conf.
pots in hoth.
# sum.
3 nov.
G
G
on the earth Dillw.conft. 61. Conf.

on the earth Dillw conft 77. Conf.
* nov.
! sum.
& sum.
G
G
Br
on the earth Eng bot. t. 1556. Cerf

Caverns
Eng.: bot. t. 2588. Conf.
on Orthotr. E. b. t. 1638. Cnuscicola
ti april
Br
on mosses
2280. HYGROCRO'CIS. Ag. HYanocRocIs.

Barytes
Dillw.conft.C. Conferas
rotten wood
Sp. 5-6.
t; all sea. Pu
T! wint. Br
** sum. R.O
** sum. R.Br.
* all sea. Bk
* sum.
broad patches
oct.
ink
Gum Arabic
llid
ose-water
blood-colored
Wine
Br
all sea. Rust rotten wood Dillw.conft. 68. Carf.

Th all sea. V
rotten wood Dillw.conf t.88. Co-y
t" all sea. G
rotten wood Dillw.conf78. t. D. Conf
short down
2279. PROTONE MA. Ag. PRotoneMA.

15080 rpens Ag.
creeping
patches
15081 umbrsum Ag.
shady
patches
15082 velutinum Ag.
velvety
patches
15083 frgrans Ag.
fragrant
patches
15084 cryptrum Ag.
vault
patches
15085 Orthtrichi Ag.
Orthotrichum dense tufts
15086 muscicola Ag.
InoSS
minute down
15087 barytica Ag.
15088 atramnti Ag.
15089 typhlodrma Ag.
15090 pllida Ag.
15091 Rsae Ag:
15092 sanguinea Ag.
15093 vini Ag.
aut.
compact tufts 1} sum.
2278. STIGONE MA. Ag. STIGoNEMA.

15079 atrovirens Ag.
dark green
bushy tufts
on windows Dillw.conf. t. 94
Sp. 5-6.
T} all sea Pa. G dead trees
Eb. t.1701. Concastaes
Sp. 7-9.
all sea. Tr
solof mur. B.
ri all sea. Wsh surf of ink

*
*
+
*
all
all
all
all
sea.
sea.
sea.
sea.
Lyngb. hydroph: t: 57
in sol.g.arab. Dillw.conf. t.83. Conf.

sol ofochre Dillw.conft. 78. Conf.
rose water
isinglass size
all sea. Ol
Y
Tr
C
Y
in Mad wine
Sn. 4-15.
all sea. Tr
r; wint. Tr
on mar, algae
pools
-
15064.
15067
2:
15062
2973. Byssocladium. From byssus, a kind of fungus, and 2x222s, a branch; the filamentous branches of this
plant bein very similar to those of Byssus. These plants grow in places occasionally overflowed with water.
74...Mycinema..., From **, a kind of minute fungus, and *, a thread; in allusion to the resemblance
of the filaments to those of some Fungi
75. Chroolepus. So called on account of the change which is undergone by the exterior membrane
"#":
# :": ; ' x222s, skin, and Xtra, to decorticate.
h
16, Trentepohlia.
named, in honor of an obscure German botanist. This is an ill-defined
genus, whic
is much
in need of reformation.
ill
-
2*. From revros, leather, and "wa, a filament; in allusion to the coriaceous nature of the
filamentous frond. The 'pecies grow chiefly on stones in inundated places, and are rarely found in saltwater.
, OR. D. VII. TRIBE III.
ALGAE CONFERVOIDEAE.
931
CONFER VOLDELE.
15059 Filaments appressed very minute short radiant cobweb-like branched sinuous wavy
15060 Filam. thin entangled in a cobweb-like membr. Branches scatter rem. simp. Articulat of various lengths
15061 Filam decumb. long membran equal branched entangled in a soft layer, Articulat thrice as long as broad
1506.2 Filaments much branched rigid erect entangled in a nearly solid mass, Articulat. 4 times as long as broad
1506.3 Filam branch. ascend. very entangled in a dense unif crust, Articulat. about? as long again as broad
15064. Filam. branch. dichotom, creeping very minute having caps.at end and aerugin. Dissepiments nearly obsol.
1506.5 Filaments caespitose erect very short dichotomous, Articulations half as long again as broad
15066 Filaments caespitose branched short erect, Branches spreading stiffish, Articulations as broad as long
1506.7 Filaments erect fascicled alternately branched rigid, Articulations tumid as broad as long
15068 Filam. caespit. rig. short ascend curved densely branched, Artic. as broad as long by a line except granules
15069 Filaments caespitose branched erect rigid somewhat cartilaginous obtuse, Articulations as broad as long
15070 Filam dichotomous caespitose entangled very minute, Artic, about twice as long as broad
15071 Filam. flexu. collect in a dense soft cushion-like tuft, Branch. long spread rig. Artic twice as long as broad
a Much smaller, Articulations as broad as long
15072 Filaments virgate caespitose, Branches straight, Artic twice as long as broad, Thecae racemose
15073 Filaments decumbent rigid flexuose branched entangled in a crustaceous layer, Branches appressed
15074 Filaments simple erect very short flexuose-crisp entangled in a black layer
15075 Tuft with olive-yellow filaments, Branches double 1-sided
15076 Filaments simple erect flexuose spirally twisted into pointed masses greenish above brownish below
15077 Tuft loose, Filaments netted branched, Branches divaricating
15078 Tuft loose, Filaments flexuose, Branches solitary remote ascending
15079 Filaments rigid branched, Branches slender, Granules disposed in rings
15080 Runner creeping transparent emitting round green erect branches, Artic. cylindrical, Joints obsolete
15081 Layer velvety, Filaments erect obtuse clustered brittle, Articulations gibbous
15082 Layer velvety, Runner creeping rooting sending out erect obtuse branches, Artic: cylind Joints obsolete
150.83 Layer velvety. Filaments erect blunt rigid, Branches alternate, Articulations oval twice as long as broad
15084 Filaments dichotomous, Branches divaricating acuminate, Artic thrice as long as broad
15085 Filaments olivaceous branched blunt erect in a cushion-like tuft, Artic about as broad as long
15086 Filaments branched, Branches alternate divaricating subulate, Artic three times as long as broad
15087 Tuft globose, Filaments very fine like cobweb hyaline much entangled without joints wavy branched
15088 Filam. dichot. branch.very min. decumb very densely entang. in a whit. layer, Artic twice as long as broad
15089 Filam. somewhat branched densely entangled in an olive-green pellicle, Artic as broad as long
15090 Filam. dichot. curved flexuose entangled in a coriaceous gelatin. pellicle, Axillae round, Artic. very long
15091 Filam hyali, somew. branch. entang. cobw-like entang in a pucker cloud-like memb, or a comp. gelatine
15092 Filam. branched densely entangled in a gelatin. pellicle, Branches divaric. Artic. half as long again as broad
15093 Filaments hyaline entangled branched, Branches tapered acute, Artic. as long as broad
* Growing on vegetables.
15004 Filam. somew.branched minute hyaline, Branches scattered forked bluntish, Joints obsol. Artic. various
15095 Filam. at every joint branched and clustered in a shapeless gelatinous mass, Articulations very long
2278. Stigonema. So named in allusion to the regular annular dots of the filaments; from sizav, dotted, and
wnwa, a thread. This genus is similar in habit to the Lichens. The color is opaque and brown; the filaments
are branched with spines, and marked internally with distinct dots.
2279. Protonema. It is uncertain whether this genus is not rather the young state of germinating mosses;
it is named in allusion to the simplicity of its structure, from reror, first, or primary, and wax, a thread.
2.80. Hygrocrocis. From 282, any thing belonging to water, and 240xis, a littie tuft. These plants are
found in chemical solutions of vegetable matter, as in ink, &c.
2281. Leptomitus. Substances floating in the water, and produced by animal matter in a state of decay.
They consist of exceedingly fine intertangled fiaments, whence the name, Atzror, slender, and urst, a
thread.
3 O 2
932
CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLAss XXIV.
15096 nnus Ag.
dwarf
like down
rt aut.
rotten algae Dillw.conf. t. 30. Corf
15097 clavtus Ag.
clavate
minute
rt aut.
Tr
dead fishes Lyngb. hydroph. t =
9282. MESOGLO'IA. Ag. MesoclotA.

15098 multifida Ag.
multifid
tufts
15099 Hudsoni Ag.
Hudson's
branched
15100 coccinea Ag.
scarlet
bushy
Sp. 5-8.
Germ. ocean Lyn.hy. t. 1669. Chordar.
3 aut.
6 aut.
4 sum.
R
R
R
Ocean
Occan
E. b. t. 1627. Uted rabra
ocean
Lyngb. hydroph. t. 12
Eng. bot. t. 1819
Eng. bot. t. 2466
Rivularia verticillata E. B.
15101 capillris. Ag.

15102 vermiculris Ag.
8 coricea Ag.
capillary
tuits
3 sum.
vermicular
bushy
bushy
5 august Brsh ocean

5 august Brsh ocean
leathery
Rivularia vermiculata E. B.
2283 BATRACHOSPER''MUM. Ag. BATRAchosPERMUM. sp. 26.

15103 vgum Ag.
8 tenuis'simum Ag.
turfy
very slender
fine tufts
15104 monilifrme Ag:
necklace
fine tufts
fine tufts
fine tufts
fine tufts
fine tufts
a stagnale Ag.
A simplicius Ag.
purpurscens Ag.
detrsum. Ag.
pool
simple
purple
knotted
feathery
heaped
pools
B
pools
Pk
sea shore
D.Ol pools
Dillenius, t. 7.f45
Dillenius, t. 7.f40
Dillcon. t.ll. Conf.atr
Sp. 3-6.
# all sea. DLG pools
gelatin. tufts
4 sp. su. Bt.G pools
broad layer
Bt.G rivulets
Dill.com.t-67. C.profems:
E. bot. t. 2087. Clubrica
E. b. t. 1746. C. mutabais
Sp. 11-47.
sum.
#* sum.
# sum.
floating tufts + sum.
slimy mass.
leather-like
brownish
Dillenius,t.T. f*
fresh waters
6 sum.
sheathed
black
15112 subfsca Ag.
E. bot. t. 690. Confatra
G
G
broad tufts
2285. OSCILLATO'RIA. Ag., OscILLAroRIA.

15108 tenuissuma Ag.
very fine
patches
15109 autumnlis Ag.
autumnal
slimy mass.
A vaginata Ag.
15110 nigra Ag.
15111 Crium Ag.
Bsh ditches
D.Ol ditches
sum.
1 sum.
1 sum.
1 sum.
1 sum.
2.84. DRAPARNAL DIA. Ag. DRAPARNALDIA.

15105 tenuis Ag.
fine
fine tufts
15106 plumsa Ag.
15107 glomerta Ag.
14 may
may
fine tufts
Pa-G warm springs Eng. bot. t. 2584. Conf

Ol.G on the earth
OLG on the earth Dillw.conft. 99

D.G still waters Dilco. t. 64.0...fontinali
* spring Ysh
rocks in wat.
tufts
1 all sea. Br.V stones in riv.
15113 splndida Grew.
splendid
thin masses
1* all sea. Pa. B wat. in hoth.
15114 tenuis Ag.

15115 limsa Ag.
15116 cynea Ag.
15117 decrticans Ag.
fine
mud
blue
slippery layer
spring Pa-G still waters Dill conf. t.20. Climasa
floating mass. 6 all sea. AErug mud bot po. Fl. dan. t. 1549 f2
15118 ochrcea Lyngb.
ochre-colored gelat. masses
unbarking
2286. CA'LOTHRIX. Ag.

15119 nivea Ag.
15120 confervicola Ag.
15121 scopulrum Ag.

15122 fasciculta Ag:
15123 mirbilis Ag.
15124 distrta Ag.
15125 lanta Ag.
A fuscscens Ag.
... all sea. B
* march B.G
CALothrix.
fine tufts
minute tufts
snowy
conferva
rock
fascicled
wonderful
distorted
woolly
Julvous
2287. LYNG BYA. Ag.

LYNGBYA.
15126 murlis Ag.
wall
2288, BAN/GIA. Ag.
thin film
thin flakes
church walls E. bot, t. 2578. Conferra

damp wood Dillw.conft. 26
Dill. conft.02 Conferra
all sea. Och pools

Sp. 7-12.
* all sea. Pa.Y sulph, sprin. Dill conf. t. C. Conferra

+ sum. Gla marine algae E bot. t. 2576 Confere:
patches
* sum. Pa.G marine algae E bot. t. 9171, Confered
tufts
$sum. Y.G roc. on sea c. Dillw.conf.
little patches i sum. AErug on H. fluitans Dill, conf toi. Conferra
floating patc.
floating patc.
floating patc.
patch
BANG1.A.
15127 laminriae Ag.

Laminaria
broad tufts
15128 atropurprea Ag
dark-purple
silky tufts
8./asco-purprea Ag brown-purple silky tufts
sum.
'13 sum.
It sum.
B.G lakes
E. bot t 2577. Confered
G
springs on st.
Taw pools
Ebott. 2577. fig.sinistr.
- -
Sp. 1-7.
t; all sea. G
damp earth Eng bot. t. 1554
Sp. 2-5.
T! sum. G
on L. escul.
Lyngb hydrop-dan. t. 24
2 sum.
D. Pu marine rocks Dill contlo'. Confered
2 sum.
Br.pu sea coast
Dill conf. t.22. Conferra
15104.8

2282. Mcsogloia. From aires, the middle, and 2xotor, viscid : the spines of little branches radiating from a
common centre, and forming what appears to be a solid mass.
These plants were formerly referred to
Chaetophora, from which they differ in the want of any fixed gelatine.
2283. Batrachospermum. From arexxar, a frog, and grifun. So called in allusion to the places in which
the species grow; they are mostly found in marshes, less frequently in the sea.
$284 Draparnaldia. James Philip Ralph Draparnaud, was a French botanist, who wrote some memoirs on
the
subject of botany in the beginning of this century. He is also known for his acquaintance with fresh
water Confervae.
#,0scillatoria. The singular motion of these curious plants has suggested their
o'cillation of the filaments seems almost of an animal nature, although it
generic name. The

uently arises from mechanical
-- - -
CPRD. VII. Taube III.
983
15096 Filam. branched very minute, Branches and branchlets acuminate, Joints pellucid, Artic. cylindrical
** Growing on animals.
15097 Filaments simple hyaline clavate at end
15098 Frond dichotomous, Axillae rounded: upper spreading
15099 Frond virgate with all the branches divaricating
15100 Frond somewhat moniliform virgate filiform, Branches scattered obtuse spreading
15101 Frond much branched, Branchlets tapering at each end divaricating
15102 Frond yellowish-brown, Branches divaricating
15103 Frond dichotomous cylindrical equal, Branches thickened at end

S Frond setaceous minute
15104 Frond moniliform much-branched, Branches rather acute, Cauline whorls nearly distinct globose
Filaments thick, Whorls of stem confluent: those of the branches distinct
A Thinner bluish with distant whorls
15105 Branches simple clustered, First filament nearly homogeneous

15106 Pencils of branches lanceolate acute erett
15107 Pencils of branches ovate blunt spreading
15108 Filaments hyaline very fine tufted entangled in nearly parallel lines
15109 Filaments rigid straight entangled in a gelatinous black layer which has short rays
A Filaments twisted in bundles
15110 Filaments rigid straight entangled in a gelatinous black layer with long rays
15111 Filaments stiffish curved entangled in a compact somewhat coriaceous layer
15112 Filaments transparent rigid straight entangled in a compact brownish-violet layer with short rays
15113 Filaments very minute densely entangled: transverse striae wholly invisible
15114 Filaments stiffish straight entangled in a gelatinous green layer with short rays
15115
15116
15117
15118
Filaments rigid rapidly oscillating straight entangled in a gelatinous layer with long rays
Filaments covered with a deciduous crust entangled in a blue layer
Filaments very slender flexuose densely interwoven into thin masses
Filaments very slender simple greenish lying in a thick very tender fragile ochraceous stratum
15119
15120
15121
1512.2
15123
15124
15125
Filaments very fine rigid snow-white packed in a dull-yellow tuft

Filaments glaucous erect minute subulate fascicled at base separate at end
Filaments curved-wavy erect minute entangled in a dense layer
Filaments stiffish erect acuminate simple at the beginning finally branched
Filaments curved variously united entangled in a lax globule
Filaments mucous stiffish erect branched tufted
Filaments stiffish erect branched packed in a dark-green tuft
15126 Filaments stiffish curved wavy thickish with lax rings

15127 Filaments tufted fastigiate equal, Bands approximating in pairs many-dotted
15128 Filaments dark-purple straight, Bands 5-dotted
causes, as from the elasticity of the filaments, from the motion of minute animalcula. ...Agardh, however,
declares that O. curviceps has naturally the motion of an animal, but of a creeping not oscillatory nature.
2286. Calothrir. From 22xer, beautiful, and 36:3, hair, in allusion to the beauty of the entangled filaments;
the latter appear as if branched, by the singular juxta-position of small filament:
2287. Lyngbya. H. C. Lyngbye, a Danish botanist, is the author of an excellent work on Algae, which he
calls Hydrophytologiae Danica Tentamen, published at Copenhagen, in 1819, in one volume quarto., This genus
differs from Oscillatoria in the absence of a mucous matrix, and from Calothrix in being curved and quite
distinct. In habit it
Conferva.
2288. Bangia. So called in honor of Christian Frederick Bang, the author of a dissertation upon the plants
of sacred history, published in 1767.
O
3
934
CLAss XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
2289. ZYGNE/MA. Ag.
Zvon EMA.
Sp 921.
crossed
entangl. mass.
april Y.G ditches
A longi-articulatum Ag. long jointed entangl. mass. : april Y.G ditches
15129 cruciatum Ag,
2 brevi-articulatum Ag, short jointed entangl. mass.

15130 decusstum Ag.
15131 bicolor. Ag.
15132 pectintum Ag.
decussate
15133 curvtum Ag.
curved
15134 quininum Ag.

15135 deciminum Ag.
15136 mitidum Ag.
15137 punctatum Ag.
april
floating tufts 13 sum. G

floating tufts
sum.
G
patches
1} march G
two-colored
pectinate
tehes
14 march
arge masses + sp. su.
large masses
# sum.
float. patches 2 sum.
floating cloud 3 sum.
unate
e
shining
dotted
G
Dl.G
Bt.G
Bt.G
Bt.G
rivulets
still waters
still waters
ditches
pools
2290. MOUGEO'TIA. Ag. MoUGeotia.

Sp. 2-6.
<nee-jointed entangl. mass. Ti april Y.G ditches
blueish
pale patches
13 july
Pu.B ditches
15138 genuflxa Ag.

15139 caerulscens Ag.
2991. HYDRODICTYON. Ag. HYoRonictvox.

15140 utricultum Ag.
bladdery
floating web
Sp. 1-2.
6 jin. sep. G
2292 CONFER VA. Ag., CoNFEava.

15141 ericetrum Roth.
heath
15142 alpina Bory
alpine
15143 fascita Dillw.
banded
15144 bombycina Ag.
silky
floating cloud
15145 floccsa Ag.

15146 mucsa Mert.
floccose
float masses
float. masses
Inucous
# sum.
15148 dissiliens Dillw.
elastic
3 sum.
15149 implxa Dilaw.
entangled
broad mat
3 sum.
15150 tumidula E. B.
fine film
float masses
float. masses
1 march G
6 march G
6 march G
15152 rivulris L.
tumid
blistered
brownish
rivulet
8 anglica Ag.
15153 capillris Ag.
English
capillary
15154 linum Roth.

15155 intricta Grev.
15156 tortusa Dillw.
Flax
matted
tortuous
thick
long
long
long
long
24 sp. su.
24 sp. su.
sp. su.
sp. su.
spring
23 april
1 april
15157 crssa Ag.

15158 melagnium Web.
tufts
tufts
tufts
tufts
small tufts
crisp masses
crisp masses
tufts
long tufts
3 all sea. G
15160 Youngna Dillw.

15161 hormoides Lyngb.
15162 collbens Ag.
15163 flcca Dillw.
flaccid
15164 isogna E. B.
equal-jointed
float. patches
15165 fucrum Roth.
Fucus
15166 flaccida Lyngb.
drooping
tufts
tufts
1 spring G
* sum. Brsh
A may
Brsh
15167 ferruginea Roth.

15168 crta Dil/w.
rusty
minute tufts
minute tufts
4 sum.
G
6 all sea. G
sum.
G
G
floating tufts
4 sum.
tufts
2 all sea. G
tufts
minute tufts
tufts
15169 car'nea Dillw.
e
pin
15170 aeruginsa Huds,
copperas
tufts
15171 Brwnii Dillw.
Brown's
patches
15129
15130
Dill conft. 6. Conferta

E. b. t. 2457. Confert's
E.b.t.1687. C. reticulata
E b t. 2503. C. sordida
Dill.conf. t. B. Conferva
pools
E. b. t. 1670. C. inflata
ditches
ditches
rivers
ditches
ditches
E. b.t.2304. C. alternata
Dillw.conf. t. B.
Dillw.conft. 79
Dillenius, t. 5. f. 5. B.
sea shore
sea shore
Eng. bot. t. 22:0
salt marshes Dillw.conf. t. 9
Dillw.conf. t. B.
ocean
ocean
Dillw.conf. t. 80
Dillw.conf. t. 102
sea shore
sea shore
Lyngb hydroph. t. 49
Germ. ocean Engbott. 1929. C. area
on Hutchins, Dillw.conf. t. 49
on F. vesicul. Ebt. 1930 C. youngana
on Fuci
Dill.com.t.C. C. flaccida
on Fuci
Eng, bot. t. 2310
all sea. Rus. on Fuci

sum.
Ol. Br on Fuci
aut.
Eng. bot. t. 1654
occan
#:
ditches
bogs
sto. in rivul. Dill, conft.47. C. lucens

ditches
Eng. bot. t. 2461
sea-shore
E. b. t. 2309. C. implera
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
black-jointed
verdigrease
Young's
pencilled
slippery
15159 aerea Dillw.
E. b. t. 1656. C. spiralis
Dillconf.t51. Conferva
pools & dit. Dill.com.t-60. Csordida
1} spring G
spring G
long tuft
floating tufts
15151 vesicta Ag.

fuscscens Ag.
riv. & lakes
Eb.t.2463.A. C. stictica
Wauch, conf. t. 5. f. I
Dico.t.4.f. A.B.C.nitida
Sp. 52-130.
sp. su. Br.pu dry bogs
E. b. t. 1553. Conferra
mountains Lyngb. hydrop dant-47
sp. su. Br
spring Pu.br dit on carr. Dillconf. t. B. Conferra
fine web
fine web
fine web
15147 zonta Web. & Mohr zoned
E.b.t2463. C. bipunctata
Dillw, conf. t. 2. f. A
rivulets
Dillw.conf. t. S f B
ditches
Dillw.conf. No. 39
sto. in rivul. E. b. t. 2-88 Confered
rivulets
Eb.t.246.f. B. Confered
Ysh
Pk
on Algae
Dill.com.t-66.C. fucicola
Dillw.conf. t. 76
Dillw.conf. t.84
Dillw.conft. E.
14 sum. Bt.G sea shore
Irish caverns Dillw.conf. t. D.
r" spring G
15136
*::::
15138
* Zygnema. From 20, a voke, and wax, a filament, in reference to the singular manner in which
the filaments are jointed together in pairs.
2:90. Mougeotid. Named in honor of J. B. Mougeot, the coadjutor of Nestler, in the publication of their
useful work, the Stirpcs Cryptogamae Vogeso-Rhenana, which, we believe, is still continued.
ORn. VII. TRIBE III.
935
* Two dotted.
15129
7
15130
15131
15132
Articulations twice as long as broad, Stellae roundish, Fruit spherical

Articulations thrice as long with two approximated stellae in the middle
Articulations about as long as broad
Articul. 4 times as long as broad: in fruit convolute, Sporaceous matter continuous obscure on each side
Articulations about as broad as long, Stellae transversely linear-oblong parallel, Rays obsolete
Filam adnate, Articul. half as long again as broad, Stellae transversely obl pectinated, Fruit spherical
** Marked with spires.
15133 Filam. equal curved and flexuose conjugate at angles and twice as long as broad, Spires simple
15134 Filam. equal, Spires simple contracted in beginning, at length arcuate, Artic. 3 times as long as broad
15135 Artic. 4 times as long as broad: in fruit elliptical, Spires cruciate lax, Crosses about 4, Fruit elliptical
15136 Articulations about as broad as long, Spires cruciate thin contracted, Fruit elliptical
15137 Filaments simple slippery very fine, Dissepiments obscure, Articulations shortish cylindrical
15138 Filaments knee-jointed, Articulations six times as long as broad
15139 Filaments purple-blue, Sporidia of the crosses of the filaments green
15140 Spots 5-cornered
A. Simple.
1. Floating, arachnoid, colored.

15141 Filaments simple creeping entangled in a brownish purple layer, Joints half as long again as broad
15:42 Filaments simple very fine adnate straight brown, Articulations four times as long as broad
15143 Filam. simple fine mucous, Articulations about as long as broad marked in the middle with a narrow band
2. Floating, arachnoid, mucous, green.
15144 Filaments arachnoid simple very long in an uniform puckered layer, Artic thrice as long as broad: when
young dotted in the middle
15145 Filam arach. simp. very muc. entang in a puckered layer, Artic about as long as broad ori as long again
15146 Filam. simplemucous slippery capillary, when dry traversed by a longitudinal band, Artic, as long as broad
15147 Filaments simple fine gelatinous tapered marked by a transverse band, Artic: about as long as broad
15148 Filaments simple very fine gelatinous equal, Articulations twice as broad as long
15149 Filaments simple fine curled entangled smooth, Artic. half as long again as broad
3. Capillary or setaceous. Articulations fitted with globose granules, when dry alternately compressed.
15150 Filaments simple fine, Artic. 3 times as long as broad inflated elliptical
15151 Filaments simple fine, Artic. half as long again as broad with globular inflations at intervals
-
15152 Filam simp capill. very long straight equal, Artic grain-bear. 2 or 4 times as long as broad shin. when dry
* Artic half as long again as broad
15153 Filam, simple variously bent and loosely entangled, Artic. about as long as broad, Granules scattered
15154 Filam, simple filiform rigid crisp loosely entangled, when dry variegated, Artic turgid dotted
1515% Filam, simple very short and minute entangled tortuous, Artic. twice as long as broad
15156 Filam, simple stiftish curled entangled fine, Artic. 3 times as long as broad
[moniliform
15157 Filam. simple filif rigid crisp loosely entang. when dry variegated, Artic about as long as broad, when dry
15158 Filam, simple thicker than a bristle adnate straight rigid erect, Artic. elliptical when dry
15159 Filam. simple thicker than a bristle adnate rigid erect, Artic. cylindrical 3 times as long as broad
15160 Filam. simple very fine adnate stiffish curved, Artic. about as long as broad somewhat moniliform
15161 Filam simple very fine adnate straight pendulous, Artic about as long as broad monuliform
15162 Filam simple fine adnate mucous, Artic as long as broad and variable, Interstices pellucid
15163 Filam. simple very fine, Artic, rather shorter than broad, Joints pellucid
15164 Filam, simple very fine adnate mucous straight, Artic as long as broad, Interstices pellucid
15165 Filaments simple straight minute, Articulations oval half as long again as broad
15166 Filaments simple very fine adnate rigid tapered, Lower artic shorter than broad: upper as long as broad
4. Adnate, pencilled, fastigiate, colored.
15167 Filaments simple rigid fastigiate, Artic twice as long as broad
15168 Filaments simple fascicled rigid short attenuated at each end, Artic, somewhat longer than broad
15169 Filam. simple fine short, Artic torose about 3 times as long as broad, Sap contained in a central globule
B. Branched.
15170 Filam. branched flexuose short, Branches scattered spreading blunt, Artic. half as long again as broad
15171 Filam. branched densely tufted rigid short, Branches 1-sided, Artic. generally thickest at the end about
3 times as long as broad
2291 hydrodictyon. From what, water, and *rvo, a net; water-net; so named on account of its singular
reticulated structure.
* Conferva. A syncope of the Latin coverruminare, to consolidate. Plants of this kind were formerly
3 O 4
936
CR Y PTOGAMIA.
starry
15172 stellris Fl Dan

15173 ripria Dillw.
15174 glomerta L.
bank
clustered
15175 crispta Roth.
2 sum.
3 sum.
1 sum.
G
ins.ofwa.ves, Fl. Danica, t. 660. f. 1
G
salt ditches Eng. bot. t. 2100
Bt.G riv. on stones E.bt. 1854. Cletevirests
2 sp. su.
6 sp. su.
* sum.
* sum.
G
G
G
G
1
1
roc. sea coa.

on Algae
Y.G salt ditches
Y.G sea shore
Pa. G ocean
G
Ocean
1517 frcta Dillw.
curled
broken
15177 ptens Ag.

B prolvera Ag.
spreading
proliferous
15178 congregta Ag.

15179 lansa Ag.
15180 davscens Dillw
heaped
woolly
yellowish
15181 sericea Huds.

15182 refrcta Roth.
silken
whitish
15183 aspera Ag:
rough
6 sum.
shining tufts 3 sum.
crispent.tufts 4 jn.jl.
# all sea.
tufts
15184 heterochla Ag.

15185 rupestris L.
dense
rock
tufts
dense tufts
''',
arge tufts
large tufts
large tufts
tufts
tufts
sum.
sum.
tufts
Vegetable Balls soft ball

floating tuft
15186
L.
15187 arcta E. B.
CLAss XXIV.
floating tufts
floating tufts
bushy tufts
lakes
pools
ditches
ditches
G
G
all sea. D.G. ocean

Gl.
sum.
ocean
3 sum.
G
lakes
15188 Vaucheriaefrmis Ag mucous
Tran. ocean
G
ocean
15189 catenta L.
15190 Hutchinsiae Dillw.
1 sum.
4 sum.
Br
Gl.
branched
patches
chain-like
Miss Hutchins's dense tufts
15191 pellcida Huds.

15192 distans Ag.
2294. NITEL/LA. Ag.
Dil.com.t.E.C. nigricans
Eng bot. t. 1699
Eng. bot. t. 1377
Eng. bot. t. 2098
Dillw.conft.E.C. arcta
Dillenius, t, 5. f. 27
ocean
ocean
Dillw.conf. t. 109
Eng bot. t. 1716
loose bundles
Dill.com.t. 21. C. diffitsa
NITELLA.
15198grcilis Ag.
2295. CHARA. L.
15199 hispida L.
15200 vulgris L.
Common
6 aut.
Pa.G. ocean
Sp. 1.
6 aut.
Dl.G
Sp. 5-11.
2 sum. Y.Ol
branched
1 sum. Y.Ol
branched
1 jl, aug. Y.Ol
branched
1 jl. aug. Y.Ol
branched
much branch. # sept. Y.Ol
Chara.
hispid
2296 CERA'MIUM. Ag.

15201 lanuginsum. Ag.
15202 floridulum Ag.
15203 rpens Ag.
15
Plma Ag.
15205 Davisii Ag.
15206 Rthii Ag.
CERAMIUM.
woolly
flowering
creeping
15207 diphanum Ag.

8 pilosum Ag.
15208 rubrum Ag.
diaphanous
pilose
red
15209 tetragnum Ag.

15210
Ag.
15211 Hookri Ag.
15212 arbscula Ag.
square
#'
Eng bot. t. 2088
E. b. t. 23.7. C albida
distant
flexible
opaque
nest-like
slender
15197 nidifica Ag.
Dillw.conf t. E.
finely branch. 5 august Pa. G ocean
transparent
15196 opca Ag:
Ly.hy.d.t.56. C. uncialis
pellucid
2293. BULBOCHAETE. Ag. BULBochkTE.

delicate tufts
setigerous
1519.3 setigera Ag:
1519.4 translucens Ag.
151.95 flxilis Ag.
Dilcon.t.10. C.fterwasa
3 sum.
13 sum.
close
Eng. bot. t. 2350

Eng bot. t. 23:38
feather
Davies's
Roth's
stalked
Hooker's
little tree
branched
branched
fine down
little tufts
short down
fine tufts
small tufts
broad tufts
lakes & riv. Dilconft.59. Crivipara

pools
Eng. bot. t. 1855. Chara
pon. & rivul.
pools
E.b.t.1070. Charafferilis
pools
Eng. b. t. 1703. Chara
pools
Eng. b. t. 2140. Chara
2-16.
# Sp.
jl. aug. Y.G
a july
ponds
Y.G ponds
Eng. bot. t. 465

Eng. bot. t. 336
Sp. 2138.
** all sea. Br
on Algae
Dillconft:45. Conferra
* all sea. Pa.G roc. seashor. Dillw.conf. t. F
Pk
on large Alg. E. b. t. 1608. Conferva
* july
R
sum.
on large Alg. Dillw.conf. t. f.
R
sea shore
* july
Eng. bot. t. 2329
sca shor roc. Eng bot. t. 1702
* sum.
Vi
diffuse
5 sum.
5 sum.
War.
War.
ocean
ocean
solitary weak
10 sum.
Pu
ocean
Eng. bot. t. 1742

tufts
dense tufts
fine tufts
3 sum.
4 sum.
R
Or
ocean
Eng, bot. t. 1690
diffuse
bushy tufts
sea shore
14 sum. Pabr sea shore

3 all sea. D.R sea shore
Dillw.conf t. 108
Dill, conf t. 106

Eng, bot. t. 1916
15101
15103
1518,

held to be efficacious in healing fractured limbs. Pliny declares, he was witness to a cure of this kind. Some
of the species of this genus are believed to be merely the young of mosses.
a' #".
From 8%&ot, a club, and xarn, a bristle, in reference to the bristly end of the primary
annents.
2294. Nitella. From niteo, to shine. A genus separated by Agardh from Chara, because the stem is
composed of a simple tube, and not of one spirally striated. The plants have the habit of Chara.
2295. Chara..., The origin of this word is unknown. It first occurs in Caesar's commentaries, where it is
mentioned as the name of a plant, the root of which was used by the Roman soldiers as food. That plant
could have had no relation to the plant of the moderns. Various opinions have been held with regard to the
#": of this genus., Linnaeus referred it to the perfect plants, and he has been followed by many botanists.
#. , and Mr. Lindley, in the former's Flora Scotica, formed it into a particular order, placed between
' eptic: ; and with this opinion Dr. Greville coincides. But Professor Agardh thinks it cannot
*Parated from true Algae, in the midst of which he has placed it.
The nature of the fructification

fructification of any other
:*. that it is scarcely possible to trace an analogy between it and the
ORD. VII. TRIBE III.
937
15172 Filam. branched very minute equal parallelly exserted from an orbicular base
15173 Filam. branched remotely capillary very long, Branches short divaricating, Artic twice as long as broad
15174 Filam. branched capillary, Branches afternate: those at the end clustered one-sided erect, Artic cylind.
about twice as long as broad
15175 Filam. branch. Branches altern rem. Artic cylind, 6-10 times as long as broad alternately compr. when dry
15176 Filam branch. capill. Branch. divaricat. 1-sid.: upp. numer somew recurv. Artic. 4 times as long as broad
15177 Filam. branched capillary. Branches spreading somewhat alternate, Artic. 3 times as long as broad
& Artic. elliptical proliferous, Pullulating filaments very fine
C. Heaped.
-
15178 Tufts fascic.clav. form. a hemisphere, Filam. intric branch. Branch. ascend.Artic about as long as broad
1517.9
15180
15181
15182
15183
15184
1518.5
15186
15187
15188
15189
15190
15191
15192
Filaments tufted, Branchlets long remote, Artic. oblong oval 3 times as long as broad
Filaments much branch. capillary, Branches spreading somew, alternate, Artic. 6 times as long as broad
Filaments much branch. capillary dichotom. at base, trichotom in middle, Artic. 5 times as long as broad
Filam much branch. capill. Branches divaricat somew. recurv. very numer. Artic twice as long as broad
Filam. dichotom. setac. rigid finally becoming blackish, Branc. erect rem. Artic. 3 times as long as broad
Filaments opposite much branched: first branches blackish; second greenish
[as broad
Filam much bran. setac. when dry dot with black, Bran. erect, Joints pelluc. Artic. cylind. 3 times as long
Filam from a common centre forming a globe rigid branched obtuse, Artic. 5 times as long as broad
Filam. branch straight virg. capil. Branch. erect somew. hyal. and thicken. at end, Artic. of various lengths
Filam. branched straight virgate capillary mucous, Branches erect when dry black at the ends
Filam. more than bristly trichotom. shin. when dry dott. with black at joints, Artic. 3 times as long as broad
Filam. much branch. flexuose somew, cartilaginous fragile, Branches and branchl. scatter. Artic torulose
Filam. much branched straight rigid, Branches generally in threes obtuse, Articul, very long
Filam. setac dichotom. flexuose, rem. Branchl. short blunt, Artic cylind.4 times as long as broad

15194 Stem long, Branchlets blunt, Nucules nearly naked in heaps at the joints of the stem
15195 Stem trichotomous pellucid, Branchlets forked, Nucules axillary solitary
15196 Stem 2-3-chotomous opaque, Branchlets forked or with broken joints, Globules solitary
15197 Fruit branches filiform with other long jointed ones between, Nucules clustered axillary
15198 Stem slender long, Branches acute forked, Fruit solitary
15199 Stem twisted furrowed

Strigae reflexed, Bractes aculeate
15200 Stem twisted ash-colored, Branches not jointed, Bractes linear twin thrice as long as nucule
1. Filaments short, fastigiate.
15201 Filam.somew. branch. minute ferrug. Branch. scatter. blunt, Artic. pelluc. in mid 3 times as long as broad
15202 Filam. branched fine tufted, Branches scattered simple remote, Articul. 3 times as long as broad
15:03 Filam. creeping rooting densely entangl. much branch. Joints somew, contract. Artic. narrowest in middle
15204 Filam. creeping minute branched, Branches erect naked at base pinnat. upw. Artic twice as long as broad
15205 Filam much branch fastig. short, Branc. erectacute, Artic: thrice as long as broad, Caps, lateral clustered
15-06 Filam. short caespitose pulvinate, Branches and branchlets fastigiate erect, Artic twice as long as broad
2. Filaments dichotomous, Branchlets forked, Joints obscure, Thecae involucred.
15207 Filam.
much branched somewhat membranous variegated with purple and hyal. Joints elevated
A Joints hairy
om.
15208 Filam. dichotom. much branched somewhat cartilaginous, Branchlets forked, Artic. ovate opaque
15209
15210
15211
15212
Filam.
Filam.
Filam
Filam,
3. Branches furnished with branchlets, which are more or less dense and shortened.
branched virgate, Primary articulations twice as long as broad
setaceous dichotomous, Artic: thickened upwards about 5 times as long as broad
much branch.: prim. thick and contiguous, Altern pinnules with artic. half as long again as broad
much branched: primary without joints, Artic, as long as broad
15203
Greville observes, This is a most curious tribe of plants, whose structure, I am convinced, is by no means
well understood. At present, I have only minutely examined the fruit of C. vulgaris. Under a high power of
the microscope, the globule is found to consist of seven triangular scales, which in maturity separate from each
other, and produce the dehiscence of the globule. Each of these scales has a vacant portion in its centre, but
the margin, which has a fluted appearance under a small magnifier, consists of a number of parallel, linear
oblong, hyaline, hollow tubes, placed at small intervals from each other, those forming the angles of the scale
being branched within these tubes are a profusion of orange, globular, minute bodies (exactly similar to
the sporules of many cryptogamic plants), arranged in no order, and escaping on the least injury to the tubes.
it is these little bodies which give the orange color to the globule. Within the globule is a mass of elastic
white filaments, much convoluted, and distinctly either jointed or transversely rugose.
the calcareous matter of the stem and branches is not an adventitious incrustation, but is the result of soline
uliar economy in the plant itself, as it evidently originates from within, and is covered with the cuticle. It
is supposed to be analogous to the siliceous deposit beneath the cuticle of Equisetum.
22:6. Ceramium. So called from xteauer, a little measure, in reference to the appearance of the capsules.
All the species are found in the sea, and among the substances cast up upon the shore.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
938
CLAss XXIV.
15213 corymbsum Ag.

15214 rseum Ag.
15215 thujoides Ag.
15216 versicolor Ag.
15217 Borrri Ag.
15218 ttricum Ag.
15219 interruptum Ag.
corymbose
14 july
finely branch. 12 sum.
finely brancn. 6 july
R
R
R
fine tufts
3 sum.
Borrer's
livid
little patches
interrupted
little tufts
14 oct.
6 spring
* july
Pu.R on Fuci
Or. R. ocean
Dl-pu sea shore
Dl-pu sea shore
15220 Turnri Ag.

15221 plmula Ag.
2297. GRIFFITH'SIA.
15222 multifida Ag.
1523 equistifolia Ag.
Turmer's
delicate bran. 2 sp. su. Pk
feather-like
delicate bran. 2 sp. su. Pk
Ag. GRIFFITHsia.
Sp. 5-7.
multifid
fine tufts
3 july
R
equisetum-lv'd sponge-lik.tuf 6 sum. R
little tufts
rosy
Arbor. Vitae
changeable
tufts
bristly
lax tufts
bearded
flocculent
coralline
branch. tufts
2298. CHAETOSPORA. Ag. CinerospoRA.
15224 setcea Ag.
4 all sea, R
15225 barbta Ag
13 july
3 july
15226 corllina Ag.
sea shore
Ocean
ocean
Eng: bot t 2352

Dillw. cont. t. 17
E.b.t:2405. C. purpuras.
Eng.bot. t. 966. C. rosea
Eng. bott. 1741
Eng. bot. t. 1915
Eng, bot. t. 1838
sea shore
sea shore
Eng. bot t, 2339
sea shore
sea shore
E. bot. t. 1816. Confered

Eng. bott. 1479
sea shore
Eng: bot. t. 1689

Eng. bot. t. 1814
Eng. bot. t. 1815
C
sea shore
Or.R sea shore
E.bot.t.1637. C. Turneri
Wigg's
15228 parasitica Ag.

15229 spinulosa Grev.
15230 coccinea Ag.
finely branch. 5 sum. R. Br sea shore

Sp. 18-49.
parasitical
small patches 14 sum. R. Br on Fuci
rough-stemm. small patches 1} sum. R.Br. sea shore
Occan
scarlet
bushy tufts
4 all sea. S

Grev. crypt. 90
E. bot. t. 1U55. Conferra
15231 divaricta Ag.
divaricating
tufts
3 sum.
Ocean
Lyngb. hydroph. t.34
15232 grcilis Ag.
slender
long tufts
4 all sea. Pu
Ocean
Dillconft.40. C. stricta
15233 violcea Ag.

A mjor Ag.
15234 nigrscens Ag.
violet
little bushes
large
bushy tufts
fine tufts.
9 sum.
6 sum.
6 sum.
Ocean
Vi
D.Pu sea shore
1). Pu ocean
Lyngb. hydrop-dant:35
Eng.bott.234). C. nigra
D.Pu occan
E. bot. t. 1239. C.fihrata

Dill con. t.G. Confered
15227 Wiggii Ag.
2299. POLYSIPHO'N'I.A. Grev.
blackish
Spectinta Ag.
15235urceolta Ag.
15236 elongta Ag.
pectinate
15237 allochra
15328 Brodiae'i Ag.

15329 atrorubscens Ag.
various
Brodie's
dark red
15240 fastigita Ag.

15241 bdia Ag.
brown
urceolate
elongated
Eng. bot. t. 1165. Fucus
Polysiphoni A.
fastigiate
little tufts
13 sum.
long branches 8 all sca.
shrubby
8 all sea.
small tufts
1* all sea.
large tufts
15 all sea
long tufts
6 sum.
I). R
Bl.R marine roc.
little bushes
fine tufts
2 sum.
3 sum.
D. Br
D. Br
3 sum.
D. Br sea shore
Dill con. t. G. C. patens
sea shore
R. Br
R.Br.
Vi
Ocean
ocean
ocean
Ocean
Occan
Occ.in
Dill con, t. 33. Conferra
Dill.con tC. C fibrata

Dill.com.t-107. Conferra
Dill.com.t-70. Conferra
E.bt. 1764. C. polymorp.
Dill.com. t. G. Confere:
15242 recrva Ag.
recurved
fine tufts
15243 byssoides Ag.
15244 fruticulosa Ag.
byssus-like
shrubby
slender tufts 6 spring R

finely branch. 4 sum. Br
15245 filamentsa Ag.
filamentous
branch. tufts
4 march R
Ot"can
occan
Engbott. 597. Conferra

Eng. bot. t. 1686, Faces
E. b. t. 2312. C. Griffith.
InasScs
Sp. 13.
6 all sea. Ol.G
Occan
Turn fuci, t. 24. Fucus
Ocean
occan
OCC an
Occan
Dillw.conf t. E. Conf.
2300 RYTIPHL'E'A. Ag. RYTIPhLEA.

dyer's
15246 tinctria Ag.
2301. ECTOCAR'PUS. Ag. Ectocampus.

15247 siliculsus Ag.
podded
bushy
B atrovirens Ag.
dark-green
bushy
7 ferrugineus Ag.
Jerruginous
bushy
brachiate
floating tufts
15248 brachitus Ag.
15249 granulsus Ag.
15250 tomentsus
granular
downy
#.
6
6
6
3
Sp. 4-8.
spring D.G
spring Rus.
spring Rus.
april Pa.br
3 july
* july
flocculent
fine down
Ol.G on Fuci
Ocean
Br
E. b. t. 2319. C. silicitlesa
E. b. t. 2290. Clittoralis
F. bot. t. 2571. Confered
E. bott. 2351. Conferra
15226
15217
2207. Griffithsia. Named after Mrs. Griffiths, of Devonshire, whose many discoveries in marine vegetation
truly entitle her to this distinction: the highest which one botanist can bestow upon another.
-
*:28. Chartospora. From zaire, a bristle, and g.o.2, a sporule: the latter are placed upon fine capili"
divisions of the filaments
2299 Polysiphonia. From rows, many, and rican, a siphon, in reference to the numerous little canals by
which the colored matte
r is carried from one end of the plant to the other. Agardh calls these plants
-
ORD. VII. TRIBE III.
15213
15214
15:15
15216
15217
15218
15219
15220
15221
ALGAE CONFERVOIDEME.
939
4. Branches pinnulate, Pinnulae alternate.

Filam. branch. Branches virg. surround. by short corymbose fastig. branchl. Artic. 3 times as long as broad
Filam branched, Branchlets alternate rigid spreading subulate, Artic. 3 times as long as broa
Filam. branched, Branchlets scattered decompound-pinnate, Artic. 3 times as long as broad
Filam. branched, Branchlets scattered virgate, Artic. 8 times as long as broad
Filam. virgate with many simple or multifid pencilled ramuli, Artic. 3 times as long as broad
Primary filaments downy, Branches straight decompound pinnate, Artic. 3 times as long as broad
Filam much branch. Artic. 4 times as long as broad by degrees becoming thickened, Caps stalked ellipt.
5. Filaments pinnated, Pinnae opposite.
Filam, pinnated, Pinnae opposite nearly simple, Artic. many times longer than broad
Filam. with irregular branches, having at each joint short slender opposite spreading recurved branchlets
1. Branches fascicled.
Filam. branched, Branchlets subternate distant short multifid, Artic. much longer than broad
[broad
Filam. branch, cover all over with somew. whorl. imbricat short multif branchl. Artic. much longer than
2. Dichotomous, chained.
Filam. dichotom. straight, Branches erect long, Articulations cylindrical about 5 times as long as broad
Filam. dichotom. Fibres multifid very fine, Articulations thickened upwards about 5 times as long as broad
Filaments dichotomous slippery, Articulations thickened 2-4 times as long as broad
-
15222
15223
15224
15225
15296

a. Purple or scarlet, flat, somewhat pinnated.
15228 Filaments bipinnate veiny rigid, Pinnae and pinnules alternate, Articulations rather shorter than long
15229 Dark-red, Branches divaricate rigid, Articulations 3-tubed as long as broad, Stem rough with tubercles
15230 Filam very much branch. Primary not jointed, Branches decomp-pinn. Pinnules heterogen multif fascic.
b. Creeping, Branches divaricating, often one-sided.
15231 Filaments entangled with scattered branches, Branches divaricating, Articulations twice as long as broad
c. Purple, waole-colored, adhering to paper.
15232 Filaments nearly equal branched virgate, Branches erect, Lower articulations 5 times as long as broad
d. Pencilled, black above, generally rose-colored above, adhering to paper.
15233 Filam, much branched diffuse, Branches virgate spread. Lower artic. obsol. Artic. much longer than broad
15234 Filaments much branched at end diffuse, Lower articulations very short when dry nodulose: upper about
as long as broad with 3 veins
Filaments short somewhat pectinated, Branches nearly simple
15235 Filaments much branched diffuse, Branchlets spreading short, Articulations half as long again as broad
15236 Filam. dichotom. pencilled much branched, Articulations shorter than long netted veiny: lower obsolete
15237 Filam, much branched diffuse, Lower artic. 5-veined 4 times as long as broad: upp. 3-veined twice as long
15238 First filament not jointed spirally veiny, Articulations as long as broad, Capsules axillary
15239 Filaments branched veiny, Branches long, Artic. of stem long, of the branches thrice as short
e. Black or blackish-brown when dry, rigid, scarcely adhering to paper.
15340 Filam. dichotomous nearly equal fastigiate. Artic. shorter than broad a black point in the middle
15241 Filaments dichotomous irregularly branched at end, Branches and branchlets very straight: upper artic.
3 times as long as broad
15242 Filam. much branched long diff Branchl. short spread squarr. recurved, Lower artic. long: upper short
f. Branchlets lateral, short, fascicled.
15243 Filaments decompound pinnated, Branchlets very short and fine, Articulations 3 times as long as broad
15244 Filaments branched virgate, Branch. alternately pinnated, Branchlets short multifid, Theca sessile ovate
15245 Filam, much branched covered with heterogeneous hair-like simple branchlets, Artic. very short obsolete
15246 Frond somewhat cartilaginous compressed transversely rugose bipinnated, Pinnules in fruit incurved
15247 Filam. nearly separate, Branches erect subulate, Artic. rather longer than broad, Pods linear subulate
15248 Filam, much branched very fine, Branches and branchlets opposite spreading attenuated acute, Artic
half as long again as broad
15249 Filam, much branch. Branches scatt spread taper, ac. : at tips hyal. Artic. as long as broad finally turnid
15250 Frond rope-like somew, spongy divid into branches. Filam, densely entang. Artic. 4 times as long as broad
152:28
15240
15246
Hutchinsias, not being aware that the name of Miss Hutchins had previousl: been applied to a genus of Cruci.
ferae, by Mr. Brown. The species of this genus are, perhaps, the most beautiful of al the tribes of Conferya.
2:00. Rytiphiaea. So called, it is presumed, from evris, a wrinkle, and 3%ia, to be filled with anything. The
filaments are essentially characterized by their numerous transverse rugosities.
2301. Ectocarpus. From *ror, outside, and zaer", fruit, because the therae are not included in the sub
stance of the frond, as in the next genus, but placed on the outside. Marinc plants.
-
-- -
--
---
940
CRYPTO GAMIA.
2302. SPHACELLARIA. Ag.
SPhacellARIA.
15251 racemsa Grev.
racemose
15252 cirrhsa Ag.

15253 radicans Ag.
cirrhous
rooting
15254 plumsa Ag.

152:5 Mertensii Ag.
15256 scopria Ag.
lumose
ertens's
rock
tufts
dense tufts
fine tufts
CLAss XXIV.
Sp. 6-14.
1 febr.
1 sum.
Ol.G sea shore

Ol.G ocean
# sum.
elegant tufts
3 spring G.Br ocean

4 sum. Ol. Br sea shore
dense tuft
3 sum.
flaccid
2803. CLADOSTE'PHUS. Ag. CLApostEPHUs.

15257 spongisus Ag.
spongy
rigid tuft
15258 myriophyllum Ag, many-leaved rigid tuft
Dillw.conf t. 86. Conf.
Br.Ol marine roc. Dillw.conf t. C. Conj.
Br
ocean
Ebot t-2330. Cpinnata

E. bot. t. 999. Conferra
E. bott. 1552. Confered
ocean
ocean
E.b.t.1718. C. verticillata
Sp. 2-7.
3 sum
5 sum.
G
G
Eb.t.2427 f.1. Conferra
UL VACEAE.
2304 VAUCHERIA. Ag., VAuchERIA.
Sp 6-29.
15259 dichtoma Ag.
dichotomous large tufts
12 sum.
D.G.
A submarina Ag.
submarine
large tufts
12 sum. D.G
15260 Dillwynii .1g.
Dillwyn's
thin mat
1 sp. su. D.G
15261 radicata Ag:
rooting
atches
* sept. D.G
15262 geminta Ag.
double
arge masses 6 sum. D.G
15263 racemsa
racemose
large masses 4 su. au. D.G
15264 multicapsulris Ag. many-fruited patches
Th su.au. D.G
2305. CODIUM. Ag.
CopiuM.
Sp. 2-7.
15265 tomentsum Ag.
downy
coralloid
6 june G
15256 Bur'sa Ag.
purse
spongy mass 3 all sea. G
submar ditc.
on the earth
dry ditches
still waters
ditches
dry banks
E. bot, t. 932. Conferra

Lyng. hydrop dan. L20
Dill, conf. t. 16. Clfrigida
E.b. t.324. Trem granai.
Eng. bot t, 1766
Lyng. hydrop dan. t.25
Dill conf. t.71. Conferra
Ocean
Ocean
Eng. bot. t. 712. Ficus

Eng. bot. t. 2183. Fucas
Sp. 1-7.
2 sept. Dp.G ocean
E.b.t.2375. Ulv.plumasa
2305 BRYOPSIS. Ag.

15267 plumsa Ag.
BRYoPsis.
feathery
2307. SOLE NIA, Ag.
, SoleNIA.
15268 intestinlis Ag.

#3 mar'ima Ag.
15269 Lin'za Ag.
S lanceolta. Ag.
15270 comprssa Ag.
8 crinita Ag.
15271 clathrta Ag.
A uncinata Ag.
2308. UL VA. L.
15272 lactica L.
15273 bullsa Roth.
15274 crispa Lightf.

2309. POR'PHYRA. Ag.
fine tufts
Sp. 4-18.
intestinal
very large
crisp
lanceolate
compressed
crinite
ated
booked
simple
simple
simple
simple
simple
compound
purple
2310. POLYI'DES. Ag.

15277 lumbriclis Ag.
PolyIDEs.
G
G
G
G
G
G
Ysh
Ysh
ditches
ditches
Ocean
Ocean
ocean
Ocean
Dillenius, t. 9. f.7
Dillenius, t. 9. f. 6
Dillenius, t 9. f. 5
Eng, bot. t. 1739. Ulta
Dillenius, t. 2. f. 7
fresh water Dil.com.t.F.C. paradora
ocean
E. b. t. 2137. Ulv. ramul.
Sp. 3-12.
soft leaves
soft leaves
broad mass
PoRPHYRA.
torn
sum.
sum.
sum.
sum.
sum.
sum.
3 sum.
irregul branc. 3 sum.
Ulva.
Green Laver
15276 purpurea Ag.
24
24
18
18
12
12
branched
puckered
crisp
15275 lacinita. Ag.
ditches
soft leaves
soft leaves
12 su.au. G
6 su. au. G
* sum.
Sp. 2-3.
2 sum. Pu
2 sum. Pu
ocean
ditches
Eng. bot. 1551

Eng. bot. 2320
on the earth Dillenius, t. 10. f. 12

sea shore
sea shore
Lightf fl. scot. t.33
ocean
Eb. t. 1738. Fuc.rotund.
Ocean
FLORIDEAE.
311. PTILOTA. Ag.

15278 plumsa Ag.
A tenuis'sima Ag.
Sp. 1.
Worm-like
coralloid
feathery
Br
Sp. 1-4.
Ptilota.
delicate
6 nov.
fine tufts
fine tufts
4 su.au. R
4.
R
sea shore
#1525".
2302. Sphacellaria. This name has been suggested by thesphacelated appearance of the truncated extremities
2303. Cladostephus. From 220s, a branch, and sizof, a crown, in allusion to the manner in which the
first
stemWaucheria.
is crowned So
as named,
it were by
littleofcompound
whorled
branches.
.
A'"
in the
honor
M. Vaucher,
of Geneva,
an indefatigable
collector of submersed
of the shoots, in which the reproductive organs are immersed.
lgae.
#:05.
#2312, a skin,
with
reference
to the
appearance
of the second
species:resembling bits of
2006. Codium.
Bryopsis. From
The filaments
of this
genus
form little
pinnated
or imbricated
branches,
moss; whence the name has been formed, from vo, a moss, and owls, resemblance.
-
Can. VII. TRIBE III.
ALGAE conFERvoiDEAE.
941
15251 Filam twice or thrice dichotom. Artic, as long as broad, Tubercles ovate racemoseon branched peduncles
15252 Filam, much branched fine striated, Branches alternate somew, pinnated, Articulations as long as broad
15253 Filaments branched rooting straight rigid, Branches scattered simple erect obtuse tapering at the base,
Artic. about twice as broad as long
15254 Primary filaments branched not jointed surrounded by pectinated spreading branchlets
13:33 very fine, Pinnae and pinnules opposite, Artic. very short, Theca ovate stalked
15256 Stem covered with confervoid filam. Branches somew, bipinnate, Pinnae pectinate, Altern pinnules subul
52.57 Setae simple densely imbricated
52.58 Setae incurved forked or crested imbricated
UL VACEAE.
15259 Filaments setaceous dichotomous fastigiate, Thecae globose sessile solitary
8 Filaments finer, Thecae lanceolate and ovate
15260 Filaments flexuose, Thecae sessile lateral globose
15261 Filaments descending rooting, Thecae solitary terminal globose
1526.2 Filaments dichotomous, Thecae obovate stalked opposite on a common cornute pedic
15263 Filaments branched caespitose, Thecae racemose
15204 Filaments branched creeping, Branches erect nearly simple, Thecae heaped towards the tips
15265 Frond dichotomous fastigiate cylindrical
15266 Frond globose hollow
15267 Filam. branched naked below, pinnated in the middle, Branchlets opp. nearly simple approximating
15268 Frond tubular inflated simple
15269 Frond lanceolate ensiform much tapered at each end wavy crisp
15270 Frond tubular lined clathrate branched filiform compressed, Branches simple tapering at base
15271 Frond tubular irregularly clathrate filiform, Branches tapered
15272 Fronds obovate or lanceolate flat wavy laciniate-crisp

15273 Frond obovate slippery sinuous blistered finally expanded
15274 Fronds blistered plaited-crisprugose heaped in an expanded laver
15275 Frond flat with numerous dilated segments
15276 Frond flat ovate lanceolate flat wavy crisp at the edge
FLORIDEAE.
15278 Jngament filiform compressed, Pinnules opposite pectinate-cut

15275 15271\
2507. Solenia. So called, from raxxv, a tube, in allusion to the tubular nature of the frond.
2308. Ulva. This was the common name applied by the Latins to all kinds of marine plants.
The word is
said to have been derived from the Celtic ul, water. The green laver which, stewed with lemon juice, is so
much esteemed in England, is the U. lactuca.
3:09. Porphyra. This genus has received its name from rot?ves, purple, on account of its being remarkable
among Ulvaceae for possessing that color.
231. Polyndes. From rexia?:r, multifarious, in allusion to the diversity of appearance of the single species.
2311. Ptilota.
Named in allusion to the form of the frond: from rrares, pennated.
==
------ ~~~~-----
942
- - ----- - - - -
CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLAss XXIV.
2812 RHODOME/LA. Ag. Rhodoxiela.

Sp. 5-21.
toothed
flat branched 4 sum.
Ol. Br sea shore
15279 dentta Ag.
15:80 lycopodioides Ag: lycopodium-like

coralloid
brownish
15281 subfsca Ag.
15282 scorpioides Ag.
15283 pinastroides Ag.
amphibious
Pine-like
acicular
2313. CHONDRIA. Ag. ChoNDR1A.

dwarf
15284 pusilla Hook.
Pepper dulse
15285 pinnatifida Ag.
blunt
15286 obtfisa Ag.
15287 ovlis Ag.
15288
ia
Ag.
1539 tenuissima Ag.
15290 clavellsa Ag:
15291 Kalifrmus Ag.
15292 articulta Ag.
6 sum.
finely branch. 6 sum.

4 sum.
feathery
oval
thick-leaved
slender
clavellose
Kaliform
jointed
2314. SPHAEROCOC'CUS. Ag.

red
15293 rber Ag.
3 sum.
entangled
bushy
bushy
rigid branch.
Sedum-like
asparagoid
gelatinous
coralloid
much bracch.
Ol. Br
Ol. Br
R. Pu
Br
Sp. 9-38.
# sum. Psh
6
4
4
4
6
sum.
sum.
sum.
all sea.
all sea.
Psh
Y. Pk
Br
Pu
Pa. Ol
ocean
ocean
ocean
ocean
6 sum.
g.
Eng. bot
marine roc. Greville crypt. t. 79

ocean
Eng.: bot. t. i2.72 Fucks
ocean
Eng. bot. t. 120l. Faces
Ocean
Eng. bott. 711. Frcas
ocean
ocean
9 jl. aug. Pa.pk ocean

5 june
DI.P. ocean
SPH.ERococcus.
Eng. bot. t. 1241. Fucks
R.Pk ocean
Eng. bot. t.847. Furs

Eng. bot, t. 1882. Parks
Eng. bot. t. 1-03. Faces
Eng. bott. 640. Frcas
Eng bot. t. 1:74. Faces
Sp. 17-128.
Eng. bot. t. 1053. Facus
tufts
4 wint.
Psh
ocean
15294 Brodiae'i Ag.
Brodie's
proliferous
4 su.au. Psh
ocean
Lyngb. hydrop dan. t.3
15295 membraniflius Ag.
membranous
Palmetto
branched
flat branched
branched
branched
flat lobed
flat lobed
6 oc.jan. R. Pu ocean
Turn, fuci, t. 74 Purus

Eng bott. 1120. Faces
Turn fuci, t. 216. Facks
Eng, bot, t. 1054. Pacas
Eng. bot. t. 1069. Faces
15296 palmtta Ag.

15297 crispus Ag.
15298 mammillsus Ag.
15299 cilitus Ag.
palmtus Ag.
3.Jubatus Ag.
angstus Ag.
a spinsus Ag.
15300 gigartinus Ag.
15301 corneus Ag.
A pinnatus Ag.
3. ulchllus Ag.
Nereideus Ag.
a clvifer. Ag.
15302 cartilagineus
15303
'.
crisp
teated
ciliated
palmated
maned
spiny
finely cut
finely cut
finely cut
branched
coralloid
narrotu
Corneous
finely pinnat.
finely pinnat.
finely pinnat.
finely pinnat.
finely pinnat.
finely pinnat.
buckshorn-lvd. rigid bushy
pinnated
pretty
graceful
club-bcaring
cartilaginous
3 sum.
Dl.P sea shore
4 s. my.
R. Br ocean
4
6
6
6
6
6
3
all sea.
wint.
wint.
wint.
wint.
wint.
all sea.
R.Br.
R. Br
R. Br
R. Br
R. Br
R. Br
R.Br
ocean
ocean
sea shore
sea shore
sea shore
sea shore
sea shore
3
3
3
3
3
sum.
sum.
sum.
sum.
sum.
dp pk
dp.pk
dp.pk
dp.pk
dp.pk
ocean
sea shore
sea shore
sea shore
sea shore
Eng bot. t. 1477. Fuchs
flat lobed
3 f may Pk
bifid
crested
conferva-like
bushy lobed
2 f may pu.pk sea shore
Dulse.
reniform
true
intermediate
small tuft
14 sum.
Pk
much branch. 6 aut.wi. Ol.G
coarse bush
3 all sea. Ol. Br
thinly branc. 6 all sea. Pa.Y
2315. HALYMENIA. Ag.

15310 renifrmis Ag.
15311 dulis Ag.
A mdia Ag.
15312 palmta Ag.
Common
& marginifera. Ag.

2 sarninsis Ag.
15313 ligulta. Ag.
margined
Guernsey
strap-shaped
15314 furcellta. Ag.

15315 opntia. Ag.
13516 purpurscens Ag.
Indian Fig
purple
forked
ocean
ocean
ocean
ocean
ocean
Eng. bot. t. 1068. Fuchs

Greville crypt. t.85
Eng. bot. t. 1668. Faces
Eng: bot. t. 1089. Fucus
Eng. Lot. t. 1-43. Facus
Sp. 7-21.
broad leaves
broad leaves
broad leaves
broad leaves
broad leaves
broad leaves
lobed fronds
much lobed
matted
much branch.
2316 BONNEMAISONIA. Ag. BoNNEMAIsoxia.

15317 asparagoides Ag
Turn, fuci, t. 257. f. 9

Dp. R. ocean
jagged
15309 purpurscens Ag.
Eng. bot. t. 1970 Fucas
8 all sea. dl. Br ocean
15305 bifidus Ag.

15306 cristtus Ag.
plaited
purplish
Eng, bot. t. 908 Fucus

Turn. 1uel, t. 257 f d.
Turn, fuci, t. 257. f.p.
6 sum.
15304 lacinitus Ag.
15307 confervoides Ag.

15308 plictus Ag:
Lin.trans.3t.17.f3. Fur.
aut.
aut.
aut.
R
sea shore
Dl.R ocean
R
sea shore
Pu
Pu
Pu
ocean
sea shore
ocean
Turn fuci, t. 113 Fucus

Eng.: bot. t. 1307. Fucus
Turn fuci, t. 113 f g.
Ebt. 1306 F. palmati's
Stackhouse, fuci, t. 12
Turn fuci, t. 44. Ficus
Eng. bot. t. 421. Ulva
Pu
ocean
Eng bott. 1881. Ulra
oc, ap. psh.R ocean

wint.
wint.
wint.
wint.
sp. aut. Papu ocean
E. bott.1868. Rivularia
sum.
Eng. bot. t. 641. Ultu
Psh
ocean
# 1-3,
Asparag-like finely branch. 4. jl, ton. Dlpu sea shore
Eng, bot. t. 571. Fucus
15284
WH/
1528.0%
2312. Rhodonnela.
From #232*, red, and waxes, a limb; in allusion to the color of the fronds.
2313, Chondria. The fronds of this genus are particularly cartilaginous, on which account its name has been
formed
from x*:or, cartilage. C. pinnatifida is eaten in Scotland; it has a pungent flavor.
2314. Sphaerococcus. From a talea, an orb, and x*xxos, fruit. The thecae of the genus are round, and con
tain a globose nucleus full of round sporidia.
__ --"
ORD VII. TRIBE V.
ALGAP. FLORIDEAE.
943
15279 Frond flat obsoletely ribb. alternately bipinnatifid, Pinnae linear cuncate, Pinnules cut, Thccae urceolate
15280 Stem filiform covered with setaceous densely imbricated ramenta
15281 Frond filiform much branched, Branchlets setaceous subulate pinnate fascicled
15282 Frond filiform attennuate flexuose branched, Branches bipinnate: upper involute
15283 Frond filiform equal, Ramenta simple about one-sided clustered involute
15284 Frond compres, filif somew, contract. here and there, Fructif either min. tuberc, or scatter spor, in ramuli
15285 Frond compressed 2-3-pinnate, Pinnae alternate, Pinnules obtuse callous
15286 Frond round filiform many-times pinnated, Pinnae opposite cylindrical clavate short horizontal
15287 Stem roundish filiform dichotomous, Ramenta elliptical scattered much attenuated at base
15288 Stem round filiform much branched, Ramenta clavate much attenuated at base
15289 Stem round filiform irregularly branched, Ramenta setaceous much tapered at base
15290 Stem filiform much pinnated, Ramenta linear-lanceolate distichous tapering at base
15291. Frond filiform contracted in joints tubular, Branches whorled
15292 Frond filiform chain-like in joints tubular, Branches fastigiate dichotomous and whorled
15293 Stem scarcely any, Laminae chained obsoletely ribbed cuneate 2-forked or lanceolate, Thecaerugose ses
sile in the disk of the frond
15294 Stem filiform somewhat dichotomous, Branches terminating in oblong 2-forked somewhat proliferous
laminae, Thecae spherical subulate terminal
15295 Stem filiform dichotom. Branches expanded in cuneiform multifid laminae, Thecae stalked ovate cauline
15296 Stem filif nearly simple expanded into a cuneif. palm laminae: segm. ligulate, Thecae hemisph. sess in disk
15297 Frond flat dichotomous, Segments linear-cuneiform, Thecae hemispherical sess on the disk of the frond
15.98 Frond somew. channel. dichotom. Segm. lin. cuneif. Thecae spheric, scatter, on short stalks on disk of frond
15299 Frond membran. leathery flat somew.lanc. somew. branched ciliat. Ciliae subulate bearing thecae at end
15300 Frond cartilagin compressed lin. somew dichotom. Segm. ciliated, Ciliae bear thecae either at sides or ends
15301 Frond cartilagin. corneous distich. branched, Segm. compressed flat linear bipinn. Pinnae opp, spread. obt.
15302 Frond cartilagin. filif compress decomp. pinnated, Pinnae horizontal altern. Pinnules bearing thecae at end
15303 Frond cartilaginous much branched dichotomous pinnated, Segments tapered at base: lower compresed
2-edged; the last furcate acute
15304 Frond cartilaginous membranaceous dichotomous or palmate, Segments obtuse somewhat proliferous,
Theca immersed in minute unequal processes
15305 Frond membranous dichotomous, Theca spherical marginal sessile
15306 Frond membranous dichotomous, Segm. linear: upper palmate crested entire, Theca margin. immersed
15307 Frond carulagin. round filif Branch, long simp. surround. by little branch. Theca hemispher sess scatter.
15308 Frond filif corneous rigid equal with entang. Lranches, Branches horizontal 1-sided cluster forked at end
15309 Fronds filif much branch. Branchl. setaceous tapered at each end setac. Theca speric attach. to branchl.
15310 Stem filiform dilated into a cartilaginous reniform or orbicular entire frond
15311 Frond fleshy flat simple cuneiform tapered at base into the footstalk rounded at end
15312 Frond coriaceous flat palmate entire, Segments cuneate oblong nearly simple
15313 Frond membranous tubular flat dichotomous, Axillae rounded, Segments linear narrow by degrees
sending out from the margin many simple ramenta
15314 Frond gelatinous coriaceous dichotomous, Segments filiform: end membranous dilated elliptical lanceol.
15315 Frond filiform with contracted articulations
15316 Frond subgelatinous filiform, Branches remote long, Sporules naked in the substance of the branches
15317 Frond filiform compressed much branched, Branchlets setaceous distichous simple pectinate on each side
2%
1531
W:
*
''
2315. Halymenia. From &As, the sea, and Jup, a membrane. Marine plants with flat or tubular mem
branous fronds. H. edulis is the true Dulse, and H. palmata the common Dulse, both of which are eaten in
Scotland.
2316. Bonnemaisonia. So called in honor of M. Bonnemaison, a French cryptogamic botanist, who particu
larly attended to Confervae.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
944
2317. DELESSERIA. Ag. Delessenia.

15318 sanguinea Ag.
Slood-colored bushy
15319 ruscifolia Ag.
ruscus-leaved flat lobed
15'Eu hypoglssum Ag,
proliferous
tufts
15321 alta. Ag.
winged
finely branch.
s dilatta. Ag.
dilated
finely branch.
7 angustissima Ag
very narrow
finely branch.
15322 plocmium Ag.
scarlet
branch.
1532.3 |' Ag.
torn
nearly simple
15324 punctta Ag.
dotted
very tender
'
CLAss XXIV.
Sp. 7-24.
6 ja.my. Fi Pk ocean
4 ja. feb. Ripu ocean
3 jn. sep. Ri.pk ocean
6 janau. dp.pk ocean
6 jan.au. dp.pk sea shore
6 jan.au. dp.pk sea shore
4 su.aut.dp.pk ocean
6 jl. oct. Pa. R ocean
4 sum. Bt.pk sea shore
Eng.
Eng.
Eng.
Eng:
bot. t.
bot. t.
bot. t.
bot. t.
1041.
1395.
1396.
1387.
Fucus
Fucus
Fucus
Facus
E. bit.1242. F. coccineus
Eng. bot. t. 1067. Pucus

FUCOIDEAf.
2318. LEMANEA. Ag. LEMANEA.
15325 fluvitilis Ag.
fluviatile
B media Ag.
intermediate
15326 torulsa Ag.
torulose
Sp. 2-5.
lax tufts
lax tufts
tufts
6 sum.
6 sum.
4 aut.
Dl G stones in riv.
Dl.G rivers
E.bot. t. 1763. Conferna
Dl.G rivers
Act, holm. 1814. t. 2. f. 1
2319. CHORDARIA. Ag. Chordania.

15327 flagellifrmis Ag.
flagelliform
long masses
2320. SCYTOSI'PHON.
15328 fi'lum Ag.
B Thrir Ag.
tomentsus Ag.
Ag.
15329 faeniculceus Ag.
Ag.
2321. SPOROCH/NUS.
15330 peduncultus Ag.
15331 aculetus.Ag.
15332 viridis Ag.
15333 villsus Ag.
15334 rhizdes Ag.
A major Ag.
15335 ligultus Ag.
Ag. SponochNUs.
stalked
downy
aculeate
much branch.
green
very finely br.
villous
downy
Scytosiphon.
cord
simple
hair
simple
downy
simple
fistular
simple
fennel-leaved
Sp. 1-5.
24 sum. OLG ocean
240
24
60
120
warted
sum.
sum.
sum.
sum.
Br. Ol ocean
Br. Ol ocean
Br.Olsea shore
Br.Ol ocean
Sp. 6-14.
6 sum. Lt.G sea shore
24 sp su. Ol.G. ocean
18 sum. Ol.G. ocean
6
smth. branch. 2
smth. branch. 3
much branch. 48
large
ligulate
Eng. bot. t. 1222. Fuchs
Sp. 2.
sum.
sum.
sum.
sum.
Pa.Y
Y. Br
Y. Br
Ol.G.
sea shore
ocean
ocean
ocean
Turn, fuci, t. 86. Furns

Stackh, fuci, t. 12 Fucus
Lyng.hydroph dan.t.19
Eng, bot. t. 642. Ul"
Tu.fuci,t.234. Fsubtilis
Turn fuci, t. 187. Fucus
Engbott.546. Conferra
Lyngb. hydrop-dant. 13
Ebt. 1688. C. verrucosa
2322. HALI/SERIS. Ag. HALIsERIs.

Sp. 1-5.
15336 polypodioides Ag. polypodi.-like flat branched 6 # sea. Ol.G. ocean
Ebt. 1758. F. membran.
2323. ENCOE LIUM. Ag., ENCGELIUM.

15337 bullsum Ag.
blistered
simple tubul,
Sp. 1-4.
6 sum. Olg sea coast
E. b. t. 2570. U Turneri
2324. ZONA/RIA. Ag. ZonARIA.

15338 pavnia Ag.
Turkey feath. flat lobed
15339 dichtoma Ag.
dichotomous branched
15340 multifida Ag.
multifid
flat cut
3 sum.
4 sum.
Br. G ocean
Ol G ocean
3 aug.
Pa.Ol ocean
Sp. 3-34.
2325. LAMINA'RIA. Ag. LAMINARIA.

15341 agrum Ag:
15342 esculnta Ag.
15343 digitta Ag.
15344 bulbsa Ag:
15345 saccharina Ag.
bullta. Ag.
15346 phyllitis Ag.
perforated
esculent
digitate
bulbous
saccharine
blistered
tender
large masses
large masses
large masses
large masses
large masses
large masses
simple
60
60
60
60
48
48
Sp. 6-25.
sum. Br
ocean
sum. Br
ocean
all sea. Ol.G occan
all sea. Ol. Br ocean
all sea. Ol.G ocean
all sea. Ol.G. ocean
12 sum.
Bt.G ocean
Eng bot. t. 1276. Ulva

Turn fuci, t. 75.
Eng. bot. t. 1759.
Eng: bot. t. 2-74.
Eng. bot. t. 1760.
Turn fuci, t. 163.
Fucus
Fucus
Fucus
Pucus
Fucus
E. b. t. 1376. F sacchari
15321
2317. Delesseria.
History, Use, Propagation, cu.....",

The most beautiful of the Fucus tribe, so named in honor of M. Benjamin Delessert, a
distinguished French patron of botany; and now holding the same station among the scientific men of Paris,
as was lately occupied in London by Sir Joseph Banks.
2318. Lemanca. Named in honor of M. Leman, a French botanist, who possessed a considerable knowledge
of Algae. This genus is the puzzle of writers upon Algae. It differs from all the Nostochina in its sub
stance, being in no way gelatinous, and in its compound structure, and separate fruit; from Confervoideae it is
distinguished by its continuous frond, olivaceous color, and leathery texture. To Fucoideae it most nearly
related in color, substance, and structure, but it is akin to no other genus, and its habits are entirely different
from those of Fucoideae; the species being all found floating in fresh water.
#19. Chordaria. So called from the cord-like appearance of the species.
#94). Scytosiphon. The fronds of this genus are tubular and coriaceous; whence the name has been con
trived, from gavros, leather, and raza, a siphon
ORD. Vll. TRIBE V.
-- -
---
- =-
ALGAE FLOlli DEAE.
945
15318 Stem distinct, Leaves ovate stalked entire costate, Nerves transverse parallel
15319 Stem winged, Leaves linear oblong subsessile proliferous from the costa, Veins diaphanous nearly parallel
15320 Stem winged, Leaves linear-lanceolate costate veinless proliferous from the mibrib netted
15321 Frond ribbed obsoletely nerved linear dichotomous alternately pinnatifid towards end, Pinnae rather lingul
15322 Frond pinnated dichotomous much branched, Last branches falcate inwards and pectinate
15:23 Frond very fine linear irregularly split entire at end, Segments rounded at end not veined, Sori marginal
15324. Frond verythin veinless roundish irregularly split at the end, Sori on the disk of the frond
FUCOIDE.E.
15325 Filaments simple papillose, Papillae usually ternate, Articulations 5 times as long as broad
S Branched torulose in a moniliform manner here and there
15326 Filaments simple moniliform incurved 1-colored
15327 Frond much branched, Branchlets virgate somewhat distichous spreading at base
15328. Frond quite simple
15329 Frond setaceous branched in an irregular manner

15.330
15331
15332
15333
5334
Recept. elliptical lateral as long as peduncle

Branches spiny alternate
Frond many times pinnated, Pinnae opposite capillary
Frond many times pinnated nodose, Pinnae opposite, Nodi villous
Frond irregularly branched, torulose and rugose in every direction
15335 Frond flat membranous scarcely nerved bipinnate, Pinnae and pinnules opp. lin.-lanc. tavering at base
15336 Frond linear dichotomous entire, Sori heaped about the costa
15337 Frond inflated clavate
15338 Fronds reniform flabelliform smooth membranous, Zones concentric
15339 Dichotomous entire, Segments erect linear rounded blunt, Thecae scattered on the disk
15340 Frond dichotomous entire, Segments long slender acute
15341 Stalk running through the laminawnich is riddled with holes
15342 Stalk winged
and running through the ensiform lamina
''
15343 Stalk round expanded into a roundish digitate split entire lamina
15344 Root inflated-bulbous, Stalk flat expanded into a digitate split entire lamina
15345 Stalk compressed expanded into an entire linear-oblong laminae

15346 Stalk compressed expanded into a thin linear-lanceolate entire lamina
2321. Sporochnus. The meaning of this word is not explained. The genus is remarkable for the nature of
the reproductive organs, which consist of a minute receptacle formed by some clavate corpuscles, which are
jointed and arranged in a concentrical manner, and crowned with tufts of hair.
2322. Haliseris. This name literally signifies sea-cabbage; from &x, the sea, and risis, a sort of cabbage
The broad membranous fronds are not unlike the leaves of cabbage.
2323. Encaelium. From iv, within, and zouaos, hollow. The fronds are all tubular and bladdery.
2324. Zonaria. Beautiful marine plants marked with transverse zones of lines, in which the organs of re
production are supposed to exist.
2325. Laminaria. The reproductive organs of this genus are situated in the form of large sori upon the
tamina of the frond. L. esculenta is eaten in Scotland, where it is called Badderlocks. From L saccharina,
when dried in the sun, exudes a dry white sweetish substance, which is eaten as sugar by the poor inhabitants
of Iceland. L. buccinalis furnishes the singular
production called the sea-trumpet.
":
3
--
CuaXXlV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
946
2326. . Ag. LlCHWi.
* tel
. G.B1 roa on se. . Eng. bot t US
mall
15347
Ag.
^
small patches
patches i sum. G.B1 roc on se. ca Eng. bot tfS
15348 pygmss'a
confi'nis Ag.
Uni'tl
Sp. 1.
E.b.tSS4. F.Imbriaii
2327. FURCELLA'BIA. fastiglate
vlff. FurcsllaR"
much branch. 9 autsp. R.01 ocean
15349 fastigita Ag.
Sp. 818.01.0
Eng.
Fucus,
2328. FU'CUS. L.
leathery
bran, S6
Dig. bot
bot 1t. 5701W
15350 nodsus
!..Turo. knotty
24 dec,
dec. D.Br ocean
leathery
bran,
Eng.
bot 1 1056
Mackay's
Maekii
ocean
S4
spu.
Ol-G
loose
masses
bladdery
15S51 vesiculsus
L.Ag. long-frutted
ocean
24
sp.
su, Ol.
loose
masses
Esper
ftici,1 131b1*6
longi/rcus
ocean
24
sp.
su.
Ol.G
Eng.
loose masses J2 sp. eu. OLG ocean
linear
y ceranodes
U ris Ag.L.
Turnerbotfuci.t.
4
bushy
horn-like
15352
ocean
12
.
su.
OLG
bushy
distichous
15353 dis'tichus L.
Sti6 sp.
au. Y.Ol
D.OL ocean
Eng.
bot
1
masses
serrated
15354
eerrtus
L.
ocean
sp.au.
small
Eng.
15355 canalicultus L. channelled
Y.Ol ocean
branch,masses
wart, 366 june
Eng. bot
boL tt 569
warted
15356
ocean
sum. D.Ol
15357 tuberculitus
lreui Etp. strap-like masses
Eni bot t bm
2329. ._-...;,I
CYSTOSE'IRA.
6 Sp.545.
su.au. OLBr
ocean
ir.ru
. ,t Ag.
.1,, Ag.heath-like
h. Cystoseira
11 11.1 I1' coralloid
15358
ericoldee
01.Br
ocean
much branch, 66 su.au.
bearded
15359
barbta
Ag.
su.
wi.
Ol.Br
ocean
bushy
variable
15360 dis'cors Ag.
wi. Ol.Br
ocean
bush, masses
deform. 246 su.
fbrous
au.sp.
D.Ol
ocean
15361 flbrsa
Srth. i,tH."
Iootc
podded
15362
siliqueaAg.Ag.
8
au.sp.
D.01
loose masses
m:issea 24 sp. D.01 ocean
small
ocean
ydenudta
mitwr Ag. Ag.
loose
naked
", Uu, Propago!*. MtUt.

[he w KM
2326.
Uchina,
So
called
In
allusion
to
lu
4^,*/?!'
_l"
of the1"1!*
fron*
James
has madeNamed
one .necio,
a Liehen
the a J
2327. Smith
FurcMara.
on account
ol theanddichotmnou,
forked
J - - *"
Iffij
t*
2328.
Facas.
So
called
by
the
Oreeks.
In
Latin,
the
"^"WL^S-lajl"
in
aSV*!
red If afforded by certain pecio, of Fucus, i ueui vosirulosiis BlJ n I
>( , , jh,l,y > t^
It is common
In great
variety upon
all theis ^,^
of dullandblock
*
fille,!wilti
with
the |.lant
dried it is consiuereulrucnt,
1 been
" eSacil
itMiele,
is entered
a air.
salineWhen
efflorescent*.
Medically
u.
in scrofulous swellings. (. Lond. Disp. SUS.)
Our. VIL Tun VI.
ALG/E FUCOIDE/E.
947
15147 Frond
Frond roundish
flat with spherical
15348
with "' tubercle*
1534 The only ipec'es
15330 Stem compressed here and there inflated with internal vesicles, Receptacles lateral dietic. stalk, pyriform
15351 Frond flat ribbed lin. dichotom. entire. Vesiclesspherical innate upon frond in pairs, RecepL term, elliptical
15355 Frond
Frond linear
lin. rstate
somew. dichotom.
without
vesicles,Receptacles
lateral segm. narrowest multif. fruit-bearing
153
entireent.
dichotomous
without
vesicles
ribbed,
15354
Frond dichotomous
ribbed
serrated,
Recept
solitary
flat terminal
serrated linear-elliptical
15355
Frond
linear
nerveless
channelled
dichotomous,
RecepL
15*56 Cup
Frondradie,
filiform
somewhat
dichotomous,
RecepLits terminal
cylindrical
15357
circular
plano-convex
emitt from
centre a froud
termint in a very long dichotom. recept
15358
Lvs.
densely
spinyallover,
Vesic
elllpt
somew.
term,
crown,
solit
Receptterminal
warty from
inellipt
ll.it. base
ofspines
]**59 Lower
Lvs. filiform
unarmed,
lanceolate crenulate,
chained, Recept
ovatesomewhat
mucronate
H'VJ
leavesdichotom.
thin
costate
pinnate,Vesicles
Pinn
lanceolate
Vesicles
lanceolate
solitary
15361
Lvs.
unarmed
filif.
much
branched,
Vesicles
innateovate-elliptical
somew.
chained,
Recept.
filif.
terminal
15363 Stem compressed pinnated, Leaves distichous flat linear entire, some bearing vesicles, others receptacles
15351
15355
15367
and MUceltaneoua Particviars,

burnedplants
for their
ashes, which produce thethewater
kelp or
For rural
economy, this
and
other
species
pojiwh
oi
commerce.
On
those
shores
offuci
theofare
seaFuciwraised artilicially,
these
dodepositing
not
abound, and where
regular distances.is
lutbcieiitly
saline,
toe
different
species
of
by
Thoseof Scotland
who are
?nmterested
Which the
snrinv will
i,n ofnffindthemselves,
M,,.m*lv(information
giwhich
fuci spring
up
and in fourtheyear*
yield a cropof the
fit for
Transactions
W*
v"i-), onandthisin subject
Headrick's
Surveyample
of Forfarshire. inA condensed
view of what Highland
is known on.Society
the subject
will
J1
the Encyclopaedia
of Agriculture
in toco.
_the frond
- t.hae tut
.. a
a J5sr "itle
Qwtof'ra.
From
irr,
a
bladder,
and
rut,
a
chain.
The
upper
parts
of
bladders chained together.
SPS
- -- - -
--
*-
--
* --
948
Class XXI
'C',
'+
islist
T' * |
LICHENS.
Order 8.
Reproductive organs
'',
Sporules deposited in receptacles of various forms, distinct in substance from
thal/us or frond, which is either pulverulent, crustaceous, membranous, foliaceous, or branched and shrub-l
This, Algae, and the collateral order Fungi, may be said to exhibit the lowest stage of vegetable developem
and to contain the simplest forms of which plants are susceptible. Indeed it seems that each is resolved i
the other when in the least stage of composition. Of this order, the lowest tribe, Pseudo-Lichenes, are c
sidered Fungi by some authors, and have been formed into a distinct order by others, under the nam
Hypoxyla.
Here it seems best to consider them Lichens.
The tructification is usually in the form of shields or cup-like receptacles (a), dispersed over the surface of
frond or thallus (b), and bearing various names according to their nature. Apothecia is the common term use.
designate the fructification. Podetia are the stalk-like processes of the frond (c), which bear the apothecia
their summit. Scyphae are cup-like apothecia. Cypheliac are pale tubercular spots on the under side of
frond. Lacunae are small hollows or pits on the upper surface of the frond. So, edia arc little heaps off
pulverulent bodies, mostly of a whitish color, placed on various parts of the frond (e). Pulvinuli are spongy,
crescence-like bodies arising from the frond, and often resembling minute trees. Nucleus proligerus, or keri
is a distinct cartilaginous body coming out entire from the apothecia, and containing sporules. Lam
proligera is a distinct body containing the sporules, separating from the apothecia, often very convex :
variable in form, and mostly dissolving into a gelatinous mass. The arrangement of Acharius, which is
most celebrated, is here followed.
Tribe I.
IDIOTHALAMI.
Apothecia differing in color from the rest of the plant, and formed qf a distinct substance.
$ 1. Apothecia simple, entirely formed of a sub-uniform, pulverulent, or cartilaginous substance. Homogeni
* Apothecia destitute of a raised margin.
2330. Smiloma. Plant crustaceous, spreading, plane, adnate, uniform. Apothecia composed of minute
dies, collected into a compact, homogeneous, subpuiverulent, naked, and shapeless colored mass.
2.331. Solorina.
Plant foliaceous, coriaceous, lobed, separate beneath, and veiny or fibrous with down.
cept adnate, roundish, not edged, covered by a colored membrane, and containing a solid, cellular, bladd
parenchyma.
** Apothecia with a raised border.
2332. Lecidea. Plant various, crustaceous, spreading, adnate, and uniform or foliaceous. Apothecia scu
liform, sessile, surrounded by a cartilaginous membrane; the disk of the same nature as the raised border.
33, Calicium. Plant crustaceous, plane, spreading, adnate, uniform. Apothecia cup-shaped, sessile,
stipitate, cartilaginous, containing a compact pulverulent mass, plane or convex, and forming a naked disk.
2334. Gyrophora. ... Plant foliaceous, coriaceous, or cartilaginous, peltate, mostly monophyllous, free bene:
Apothecia subscutelliform, sessile, or adnate, covered with a black cartilaginous membrane; the disk warty
plaited in circles, and bordered.
2. Apothecia subsimple, included, formed gf a single covering, containing a capsular body or nucleus.
HETERogexii.
2335. Endocarpon. Plant crustaceous, adnate, of some determinate figure, or foliaceous and peltate. A
theria globose, concealed in the substance of the plant, surrounded by a thin membrane, furnished wit
slightly prominent orifice, and containing a nucleus.
Taibe II.
COENOTHALAMI.
Apothecia partly formed from the substance of the plant.
# 1. Apothecia included in wart-like processes, formed from the substance of the plant. PhyMATorpel.
2:36. Thelotrema... Plant crustaceous, cartilaginous, plane, spreading, adnate, uniform, with wart-like rec
tacles, furnished with a wide pore, and bordered. Apothecia included, and containing a nucleus with"
double covering.
2337. Pyrenula. Plant crustaceous, plano-expanded, nunate, uniform. Recept. wart-like, formed of
thallus, enclosing or surrounding at the base a solitary thalamium, with a simple, thick, papillose peritheciu
containing a globose cellular nut,
23:38. Pariotaria. Plant crustaceous, plane, spreading, adnate, uniform. Apothecia wart-like, forme fr
the crust (resembling soredia), submarginate, white, including a naked nucleus.
2. Apothecia scutelliform, subsessile, the disk of a p 1, a color different from the border, which is formed fr
the crust.
Discoidei.
2839. Urceolaria. Plant crustaceous, spreading, adnate, uniform. Apothecia shield-like, the disk conca
colored, immersed in the crust; border formed from the crust, and the same color.
#240. Lecanora. Plant crustaceous, spreading, adnate, plane, uniform. Apothecia shield-like, thick,
*te, and sessile, the disk plano-convex, colored; border thickish, somewhat frce, formed from the crust, a
the same color.
*:#
Plant foliaceous, between coriaceous and membranaceous, spreading, appressed, orbicul
disk c *te, variously divided, fibrous beneath. Apothecia shield-like, attached by a central point;
**cave, colored, with a border formed from the crust.
ORDER VIII.
LICHENS.
949
2342. Borrera. Plant cartilaginous, branched, and laciniate, the segments free, channelled beneath, and ci
liate at the margin. Apothecia shield-like, with a colored disk; the border formed from the frond.
43. Cetraria. Plant cartilagino-membranaceous, ascending or spreading, lobed, smooth, and naked on
both sides. Apothecia shield-like, obliquely adnate with the margin, the disk colored, plano-concave; border
inflexed, derived from the frond.
344. Sticta. Plant foliaceous, coriaceo-cartilaginous, spreading, lobed, free and pubescent beneath, with
little cavities or hollow spots. Apothecia shield-like, fixed by a central point, the disk colored, plane; border
formed from the crust.
2345. Peltidea. Plant foliaceous, coriaceous, spreading, subadnate, lobed, with woolly veins beneath. Apo
# icular, adnate, on
produced portions of the frond, the disk colored; border verythin, formed from
the frond.
2.46 Nephroma. Plant foliaceous, coriaceous, membranous, expanded, lobed, beneath separate, and naked
or villous. Recept resupinate, formed of the ascending lengthened lobes of the thallus. Fertile lamina reni
form, entirely attached to the thallus and its lower side, and surrounded by an elevated inflexed margin.
247. Roccella. Plant coriaceous, cartilaginous, branched, laciniated, round or flat, erect or pendulous,
woolly inside. Recept shield-like, thick, growing into the thallus., Fertile lamina forming a disk, plano-con.
vex, colored, and cartilaginous, in the inside hyaline, and of a similar nature, surrounded by a margin, which
is elevated, sessile, and as deep as the disk, and which contains a compact black powdery mass, which is hidden
within the substance of the thallus.
2.048. Evernia. Plant branched, laciniate, angular, or compressed, suberect or pendulous, with a central
filament within. Apothecia shield-like, sessile, the disk concave, colored; border formed the frond.
$ 3. Apothecia subglobose, terminating the branches or podetia, or scattered, sessile, and emarginate.
CEPHAloinei.
* Anothecia covered by the mass of thefructification.

2349. Cenomyce. General receptacle subcartilaginous, foliaceous, laciniate, subimbricated, free (rarely ad
nate, uniform, or wanting). Apothecia on podetia, orbicular, immarginate at length, capituliform, bearing
thick colored masses of fructification.
2350. Bromyces. Plant crustaceous, spreading, plane, adnate. Apothecia on short, soft, solid, simple pode
tia, capituliform, solid, immarginate, colored, convex, reflexed at the margin.
2.351. Isidium. Plant crustaceous, plane, spreading, adnate, uniform.
on very short solid pode
tia, orbicular, convex, solid, terminal; the disk subimmersed, having a border formed from the substance of
the podetia.
''
2352. Stereocaulon., Plant shrubby, cartilaginous, branched.
Apothecia turbinate, sessile, solid, plane
above, at length subglobose, with a border formed from the frond.

** Apothecia clothed with the substance of the frond, and containing a pulverulent mass.
2353. Sphaerophoron. Plant cartilaginous, fibrous within, solid, shrubby, branched.
Apothecia sessile, ter.
*minal, subglobose, bursting irregularly, and containing a black, globular, pulverulent mass.
Tribe III.
HOMOTHALAMI.
Apothecta entirely formed of the substance of the frond, and of a similar color.
2354. Alectoria. Plant cartilaginous, subfiliform, fibrous, and somewhat fistulose within, branched, prostrate,
or pendulous. Apothecia shield-like, thick, sessile, bordered, wholly formed from the frond.
2355. Ramalina. Plant cartilaginous, fibrous, and nearly solid within, branched, somewhat shrubby, mostly
sorediferous. Apothecia shield-like, thick, subpedicellate and subpeltate, plane, bordered, wholly formed from
the substance of the frond.
2356. Cornicularia. Plant cartilaginous, fibrous, and nearly solid within, branched, shrubby. Apothecia
orbicular, terminal, obliquely peltate, at length convex, somewhat inflated; the border dentate.
2357. Usnea. Plant much branched, filiform, mostly pendulous, furnished within with a bundle of elastic
fibres. Apothecia orbicular, terminal, peltate, often ciliate at the border.
2358. Collema. Plant subgelatinous, homogeneous, crustiform, foliaceous, or somewhat branched, mem
branaceous or cartilaginous when dry. Apothecia shield-like, bordered, formed from the substance of the
frond; the disk sometimes differing in color when dried.
Thibe IV.
ATHALAMI.
Lichens destitute of apothecia, and whose fructification is unknown.

359. Lepraria. Whole plant crustaceo-pulverulent, spreading, adnate, uniform. Apothecia unknown.
Triae V.
PSEUDO.LICHENES.
Apothecta black, corneous, imbedded in a receptacle. Sporules in slender tubular cells, lying in a pulp, not
spontaneously emitted.
2360. Onegrapha. Plant crustaceous, flat, expanded, adnate, uniform. Receptacle oblong and elongated,
sessile, covered with a cartilaginous dark membrane, enclosing a solid parenchyma. Disk linear, edged on
each side.
2361. Werrucaria. Plant crustaceous, '. expanded, adnate, uniform. hemispherical, roundish
at the base, growing into the thallus, with a double perithecium ; exterior somewhat cartilaginous and thick,
having above a little pimple or perforation; inner very fine, and membranous. Kernel cellular.
2362. Porina. Plant crustaceous, cartilaginous, plano-expanded, adnate, uniform. Recept wart-like,
formed out of the thallus, and not margined. Thalamium"imbedded in the substance of the wart, with a
simple verythin perithecium, and a colored orifice thicker at the surface of the wart. Kernel roundish,
-
cellular.
2363. Arthonia. Plant crustaceous, plano-expanded, adnate, uniform. Recept innate, sessile, of an irregular
roundish figure, without an edge, covered by a somewhat cartilaginous membrane, and containing a solid unu.
form kernel.
2364 Graphis. Plant crustaceous, plano-expanded, adnate,

uniform.
Recept long, immersed in the thallus,
edge
all round the linear kernel, which is naked at
with a simple cartilaginous perithecium, which forms an

top and bottom, and cellular inside.
CRYPTOG AMIA.
950
CLAss XXIV.
IDIOTHALAMI.
2330. SPILOMA. Ach.
SpiloMA.
tumid
15363 tumidulum Ach.
thin skin
4 all sea. O
bark of trees Eng bot. 215i
15364 versicolor Ach.
spotted crust
3 all sea. Gr
bark of trees Eng. bot. 2070
Sp. 12-20
changeable
15365 microclnum Ach. fine-branched cloudy

sooty spots
15366 melanpum E. B. sooty
15367 microscpicum E.B. microscopic
obl. patches
wall
scattered
crust
1* all sea. Wsh aged oaks

trees
1* all sea. Sea G old boards
3 all sea. Ysh
old mortar
even crust
staining
lobed patches
1* all sea. Gr
dotted
crust
cracked crust
tumid crowd.
even patch
old oaks
Eng. bot: 2472
old trees
Eng. bot. 2077
Eng. bot. 2078
1* all sea. Wsh old walls
3 all sea, Caes. sandst. rocks Eng. bot. 2556
leafy frond
leafy frond
Sp. 2-10.
1 sp. su. Ol.G tops of mou. Eng bot. t. 498
2 sum.
Grsh on the earth Eng.bot. t. 288
15377 atro-cinrea E. B. dark-grey
close patches
Sp. 66183.
1* all sea. Bl
rocks
15378 corcina Ach.
tessellated
2 all sea. Gr. Bl
graniterocks E. b. t. 2335.L.coracians
15368 murle R. B.
15369 disprsum E. B.
15370 decolrans E. B.
15371 punctatum E. B.
15372 variolsum E. B.
speckled
golden
15374 tuberculsum E. B. warted
15373 aurtum E. B.
2331. SOLORINA. Ach. Solonina.

15.375 crcea Ach.
yellow
15376 saccta Ach.
bagged
23.32. LECIDE''A. Ach.
LEcideA.
raven
2 all sea. Bl
''
old rails
old wood
all sea. Gr
Eng bot. 2150

Eng. bot. 2358
Eng. bot 2396
Eng. bot. 2397
Eng. bot. 2398
Eng, bot. 2399
2 all sea. Gr
2 all sea. Wsh
Eng, bot. 2096
15379 atro-lba Ach.
black & white cracked crust
3 all sea. Bl
rocks
Eng. bot. t. 2336
15380 fusco-tra Ach.
dark-brown
2 all sea. Bl
rocks
E.b.t.1734. L.dendritic.
thin crust
15381 fumsa Ach.

smoky
tessellated
3 sum.
Br.Gr alpine rocks E.b. t. 1830.L.cechumen.
Lichen athrocarpus E. B. 1829.
brick walls E. bot.821. L. contiguus
15382 lapicida Ach.
stone-splitting broad patches 3 all sea. G
15383 petraea Ach.
rock
thin crust
1* all sea. W
15384 cnfluens Ach.
confluent
tartareous
2 aut.
Gr. Br rocks
15385 parasma Ach.
black-fruited
membranous
3 aut.
Wsh bark of trees Eng bot. 1450
15386 sanguinria Ach.
red-fruited
rugose crust
2 all sea. Wsh rocks
15387 sabuletrum Ach.
heath
thin cuticle
1* all sea. Wsh bark of trees
A geochra Ach.
15388 misclla Ach.
carth-skin
thin cuticle
mixed
lobed crust
15389 escharoides E. B.
scarred
granul. crust
15300 aromtica Ach.
aromatic
lobed crust
15391 dolsa Ach.
rusty spongy-crust broad cuticle
15392 atro-virens Ach.
dark-green
8 geogrphica Ach. geographical
1* all sea. Gr
roc. & stones Eng. bot. 246

Eng. bot. 1964
Eng. bot. 155
bark of trees E. b. 1450. L.parasemus
2 all sea. Pa..Ol whinst.rocks Eng, bot. 1831
14 june
D.Br earth&rocks Eng.bot. 1247
13 all sea. Ol
old walls
Eng. bot. 1777
4 all sea. Caes,
rocks
Eng, bot. 2581
rocks
thin coat
2 all sea. Bl
figured crust
3 all sea. Y.Ol rocks
15393 silcea Ach.
tessellated
2 all sea. Y.R
rocks
Eng. bot. 245

Eng. bot. 1118
15394 OEdri Ach.
OEder's
tessellat.powd. 2 all sea. Rsh
rocks
Eng bot. 1117
15364
15372
2*). Spitoma. This word signifies in Greck, a spreading discoloration of the cuticle, and well expresses the
sencral character of the genus.
ORD, VIII. TRIBE I.
Ll ChENS IDIOTHALAMI.
951
IDIOTHALAMI.
15363 Crust somewhat cartilaginous, whitish, Apothecia crowded tumid oblong varying in figure roughish
reddish at length brownish black and somewhat pruinose
15364 Crust somewhat cartilaginous powdery cracked variegated with cinereous and yellow, Apothecia immersed
superficial roundish finally confluent
15365 Crust verythin glauc. Apothecia burst forth min. convex cluster. and conflu somew. branch. dark-color.
15.366 Crust verythin greyish, Apothecia flat diluted irregular somewhat confluent black
15367 Crust spread. widely verythin membran greyish, Apothecia dot-like very min black lead-color when dry
15368 Crust obsolete or white, Apothecia very minute black confluent without bristles
15.369 Crust filmy verythin green grey, Apothecia mostly dispers, hemispher, sooty: internally yellowish green
15370 Crust spreading widely verythin; for the most part membranous greyish white, yellowish green when
rubbed, Apothecia minute flat confluent blueish grey
15371 Crust thin somew, powd, white, Apoth, scatter min. dot-like solid black with superfic, dark-brown powder
15372 Crust tartar rugg. greyish-white cracked, Apothecia convex round. very black: their centers often decid.
15373 Crust tartar rugged greyish or greenish-white, Apothecia convex rounded black orange-colored within
15374 Crust calcareous greenish-white, Apothecia scattered somew, confluent unequal elevated granulat black
15.375 Thallus (brown when dry) lobed: ben veiny and of a fine saffron-col. Apothecia somew. tum. brown
15076 Thallus lobed grey.-green whiter and fibrous ben. Apothecia at length sunk into deep pits or hollows brown
+ Thallus crustaceous reniform.
- Apothecia constantly black, naked, (not pruinose).
15377 Crust tessellated greyish-black smooth, Apothecia several together depressed brownish-black with a paler
border, at length crowded elevated the border being obliterated
15378 Crust continued tessellat greyish-black, Apothecia immersed between the areolae plane at length convex
somewhat angular black same color within
15379 Crust
very thin cracked black with swelling whitish scattered areolae, Apothecia plane or
slightly convex often in the interstices black, of the same color within
15380. Crust verythin black cracked and tessellated areolaechesnut-brown plane marginated shining scattered,
Apothecia rather convex black margined white within
15381 Crust subcartilaginous tessellat smoothish brownish grey, Apothecia buried in the crust plane margined
at length convex clustered and losing their margin black within greyish-black
15382 Crust tartareous cracked whitish ash-color, Apothecia within the spaces of the crust depressed flat finally
convex somewhat confluent dark with a thin edge
15383 Crust thin roundish very finely cracked somewhat powdery white, Apothecia grown into the crust thick
protuberant somewhat concentrical dark-colored with a tumid elevated contracted margin
15384 Crust tartareous somew, spreading tessellated nearly even greyish-brown, Apothecia sessile at length ir
regular convex subglobose confluent black emarginate within having a thin greyish stratum ben disk
15385 Crust thin submembranaceous greyish-white bordered with black at length spreading somew, granulated,
Apothecia nearly plane sessile margined black blackish within
15386 Crust rugose and warted
Apothecia at length convex hemispherical somew, tuberculated
black horny and black within having beneath a powdery bright red stratum
15387 Crust scattered granular irregularly lobed cinereous whitish, Apothecia clustered convex sessile plano
convex hemispherical somewhat confluent dark powdery inside
e Crust scattered granular somewhat cohering whitecasious or cinereous brown, Apothecia hemispherical
somewhat globose often clustered shining
15388 Crust tartareous broken into cracks with wart-like smooth cracked cinereous areolae, Apothecia deeply
immersed convex aggregate scarcely edged dark-colored
15389 Crust tartareous brownish ash-colored composed of granulated warts, Tubercles convex irregular black
with an obsolete black border
15390 Crust somewhat cartilaginous

granular glaucous cinereous, Granules flattish crenulated, Apothecia
sessile plano-concave edged finally wavy
15391 Crust rugose somewhat granular ferruginous ash-colored, Apothecia superficial flat edged finally flexuose
and convex, Edge finally obliterated
15392 Crust spreading thin black scattered with planesh subcontiguous bright-yellow areolae, Apothecia plane
or slightly concave black of the same color within
e Areolae bright-yellow plane angular black between and with a black margin
15093 Crust tartareous tessellated yellowish-red, Apothecia sessile plane at length convex irregular confluent
black internally cernuous and black
15394 Crust granulated and tessellated somewhat pulverulent ochraceous red, Apothecia minute elevated with
the margin tumid; the disk depressed black nearly of the same color internally
5300
2391.
Fromunexplained
*exas, solid, name
and *,
askin, by
in allusion
to the firm texture of the fond.
23.32. Soorina.
Lecidea. An
contrived
Acharius for the Lichenes tuberculati of Linnaeus
-
whose shields have no border from the substance of the#: or crust.

3.
4.
------
CRYPTIOGAMIA
952
white
15395 alba Ach.
15396 citrinlla Ach.

15397 uliginsa Ach.
membranous
3 aut.
3 spring Y.G
whole colored 3 spring Bl
lemon-peel-crust. cracked coat

marsh
bark of trees E. bot. 1349. Lepraria

sand. ground Eng bot. 1877
sandy heaths Eng. bot. 1466
15398 scabrsa Ach.
rugged-shield. lobed patches 2 aii sea. Pa.G. tiled roofs
15399 immrsa Ach.
immersed
even crust
15400 rivulsa Ach.
rivulet
broad incrust. 6 all sea. Br. Ol rocks
15401 albo-caerulscensAch. whitish-blue tartare, crust
sum.
15402 abietina Ach.
15403 speirea Ach.
wavy
sinuated crust 4
15404 epiplia Ach.
thick
tartare crust
black & white bark small verruc.
Eng. bot. 1737
Wsh Scotch alps E. b. t 2244. L pruinosis
sinuated crust 3 sum.

W
pruinose
2 all sea. Gl.
15405 corticola Ach.
Eng.bct. 1878
all sea. Pa.Y calcar rocks Eng. bot. 193
turgid
pine-tree
A targida Ach.
CLAss XXIV.
stone walls E.b. t.82).L.multipunct.

trunks,Abies
spring W.Y flint, pebbles Eng bot. 1864
2 sum.
Scotch alps
Eng. bot. 1137
1 aut.
Caes.
old trees
Eng. bot. 1892
Caes
old walls
Eng. bot. 964
15406 conspurcta E. B. dusty
rimose crust
1* aut.
15407 Lightfootii Ach.
Lightfoot's
sinuat. patch.
* all sca. Pa.G smooth bark Eng. bot. 1451
15408 qurrea Ach.
oak
15409 viridscens Ach.

15410 incna Ach.
15411 sulphurea Ach.
greenish
hoary
sulphur
thin crust
thin crust
15412 orsthea Ach.
downy
toment. crust
3 all sea. Lt.G trees & pales Eng. bot. t. 1549
15413 decolrans Acle
discoloring
granular
2 sum.
Grsh
on earth
granular
"2 sum.
Grsh
on earth
E. b. t. 1185. Liquadrica.
B. 124
anomalous
spotted patch. 3 aut.
Pa. Ol on earth
E. b. t. 2155. L. cyrtellus
Eng. bot. 2345
(8
Ach.
ichen escharoides
15414 anomala Ach.
15415 rupstris Ach.
3 all sea. Y.G clefts of bark Eng bot. 485

1* all sea. Pa. G dead trees
leprous
2 aut.
Gl.
trun. of trees Eng bot. t. 1683
cracked crust 2 aut.
Sul.
rocks
Eng, bot. t. 1186
tartareous
2 sum.
Grsh
rocks
Lichen calvus E. B. 948
15416 lu &ola Ach.

15417 carnola Ach.
Sarceutina Ach.
15418 fusco-ltea Ach.
thin crust
3 all sea. Wsh bark of trees Eng-bot,845. L. vernalis
orny-cupped papillose crust 3 all sea. Wsh on oaks
Eng.bot.965. L. corneus
Griffithian
smooth coat
yellow-brown thin crust
all sea. W.Br. bark of trees Ebot. 1735. L.Griffithii

sum. Grsh mountains Eng. bot. 1007
15419 cinreo-fsca Ach. cinereo.-brown cracked crust
all sea. Grsh
trun. of trees
15420 anthracina Ach.
dark
scaly crust
sum.
D. Br rocks & trees E. bot. t.432. L. byssinus
15421 caesio-rafa Ach.
bluish-brown
tessellat. crust 3
sum.
D. Gr rocks & trees Eb.1650. L.ferrugineus
15422 icmadphila Ach.
Heath
leprous crust
2 all sea. G.W on ear. in he. Eb.t.372. L. ericetorum
15423 marinrea Ach.
marbled
Alabaster
thin crust
thin crust
3 all sea. Gr. W bark of trees Eng bot. t. 739

2 sum.
Gr. W. Scotland
E. bott. 1651. L. roselius
15424 alabstrina Ach.
15425 melizea Ach.

15426 Ehrhartina Ach.
15427 polytropa Ach.
tellow-shield. cracked crust 14 spring Y.Ol moss trunks Eng bot:1263. L. lute"s
.hrhart's
variable
cartilag. crust 2 all sea. Gsh
rocks
Eng: bot. 1136
tessellated a
rocks
Eng. bot. 1264
''M.% 1 5397
%
s .*\
2 all sea. Pale
ORD.VIII. TRIBE I.
LICHENS IDIOTHAL AMI.
953
15395 Crust membranaceous white with a greyish or whitish-grey powdery substance scattered over it in small
clusters, Apothecia minute appressed plane black
15396 Crust leprous granul, powdery green.-yell. Apothecia sess margin. finally convex dark: of same col inside
15397 Crust granular somewhat gelatinous greenish-brown, Apothecia appressed margined finally hemispherical
clustered dark : of the same color inside
15398 Crust globose warted powdery cinereous yellowish, Apothecia convex scabrous
** Apothecia black, naked: when moistened becoming-red or brown
15399 Crust thin whitish, Apothecia plano-convex immersed in the stone margined dark: disk pruinose;
when moistened crimson, white inside
15400 Crust cracked into areolae brownish ash-color edged with dark lines, Apothecia sessile flat becoming
convex edged irregular black
*** Apothecia black with a grey bloom.
15401 Crust tartareous contiguous even at length somewhat tessellated and whitish, Apothecia sessile and
elevated plane black with a grey bloom and a black smooth border
A Crust of a regular figure contiguous whitish casious, Apothecia immersed: disk depressed hollowish
15402 Crust spreading verythin smooth glaucous: fructification subsessile plane black with a grey bloom; the
border raised and swelling
15403 Crust tartareous contiguous very white, Apothecia sessile thick black powdery margined becoming convex
with an ash-colored layer under the disk
15404 Crust tartareous defined tessellated white areolae swelling, Apothecia sessile hemispherical with a grey
bloom black within with a thin persistent margin
15405 Crust somewhat tartareous granular areolated uneven very white, Apothecia minute somew. immersed
caesious becoming sul globose not margined dark cinereous inside
15406 Crust thick greyish-white cracked rugose at length mealy very white within, Apothecia numerous scat
tered minute: at first prominent and pale-brown; then concave and black
**** Apothecia black-brown, brownish, or deadened by some other color.
15407 Crust somewhat effuse granular cinereous greenish, Apothecia appressed flat dark-brown: inside dirty
white with a thin flexuose edge paler than the disk
15408 Crust lep, granul pale yellow-brown, Apoth, somew, immers becom. conv. not margin. brown and black
15409 Crust thin granulat somew, farin, green or green.-brown: fructific conv.rug irregul.conflu. black-brown
15410 Crust spread. leproso-farin. soft uneven glauc. green, Apothecia scatter sess brown with marg. ent paler
15411 Crust tartareous cracked and broken uneven smoothlsh pale sulphur-color, Apothecia adnate plane
scarcely margined brown and scarcely paler in the margin, at length irregular and convex
15412 Crust cracked areolated uneven somewhat powdery sulphureous, Apothecia minute sessile convex not
margined whole-colored becoming
15413 Crust granulated greyish-white, Granules becoming pulverulent, Apothecia nearly plane red flesh
colored livid or brown with the elevated margin paler, at length flexuose
15414 Crust firmer granulat and subpapill. Apothecia at length hemispheric. rug. brown.-black and black conflu.
15415 Crust thin tartareous contiguous greyish-white, Apothecia immersed plane margined, at length convex:
the margin persistent glabrous reddish-brown; of the same color within
15416 Crust thin whit, cover, with somew, globul. pale gran. at length grey. Apoth.sess, becom. conv. yel.-brown
15417 Crust thin membranous hoary finally granular powdery, Apothecia sessile concave thick tumid brown
flesh-colored with an edge of the same color
e Crust very thin naked whitish, Apothecia flattish scarcely margined waxy purple brown and black
15418 Crust spreading verythin membranaceous white or greyish somew, shining subgranulose, Apothecia
plane yellow-brown, at length red-brown with the margin paler elevated, at length flexuose
15419 Crust thin somewhat cracked uneven greyish-white: fructification plane, at length angular and irregular
yellowish or reddish-brown; the border narrow persistent
-
15420 Crust spreading somewhat scaly uneven roughish darkish-brown, Apothecia minute plane reddish yellow
with the margin paler, at length somewhat convex and brownish
***** Apothecia dark-red, or whitish flesh-color.
15421 Crust tessellated rugose darkish-grey, Apothecia plane rusty orange: the margin sometimes crenulate,
at length convex with the margin obsolete
15422 Crust leprose uneven somewhat granulated greenish-white, Apothecia nearly sessile plane flesh-colored,
at length waved roughish in # disk: margin scarcely any
15423 Crust thin grey-white, Apothecia somew. glob. at length urceol, white: disk flesh-color. ; marg. tum. ent.
15424 Crust thin smoothish minutely granulated greyish-white, Apothecia slightly convex entire whitish rose
color paler at the margin
****** Apothecia pale, yellowish, waren or orange-colored.
15425 Crust thin white powdery, Apothecia plano-convex smooth edged pale-yellow
15426 Crust cartilaginous cracked rugoso-plicate granulated white or greenish, Apothecia nearly sessile plane
at length slightly convex waved unequal clustered pale yellowish
15427 Crust subtartareous tessellated pale, Apothecia nearly plane with the margin lobed waved clustered, at
length subglobose destitute of margin yellowish flesh-color
" -
* -- - -
954
CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLAss XXIV.
shining
soft crust
black & yellow ragged crust
yellow-white smooth crust
2 sum.
2 all sea. Br
1* all sea. W
rocks
15431 cndida Ach.
hoary
sinuous
3 all sea. Wsh
old walls
15432 vesiculris Ach.
blistered
imbricated
3 sum.
Br. Bl Highl. rocks Eb.1139.L.certileo-nig.
15433 lrida Ach.

15434 atro-rfa Ach.
lurid
red-brown
imbricated
imbricated
3 sum.
4 sum.
G.Br Scotch alps Eng. bot. 1329

Br
red san. gro. Eng bot. 1102
15435 scalris Ach.
scaly
imbricated
3 aut.wi. Pa Ol rocks&earth Eng. bot. 1501
15436 verruculsa E. B.
warted
irregul. patch. 1 aut.wi. Bl
15437 rubifrmis Ach.
blackberry
patches
15428 leicida Ach.

15429 atro-flva Ach.
15430 luteo-lba Ach.
# wint.
G.Y
rocks
Eng, bot. 1550
expos. flints Eng-bot. 2009
Eng bot. 1426
hard rocks
Eng. bot. 1138
Eng bot. 2317
Pa.G turfy earth Eng bot: 2112
15438 decipiens Ach.
deceitful
imbricated
2 spring F
earth
15439 pholidita Ach.
scaly
leafy crust
4 spring Caes,
quartz, rocks E. b. 1955. L. glebulosas
15440 microphylla Ach,
small-leaved
broken patch. 2 spring Gr. G trees
15441 canscens Ach.

15442 daedalea E. B.
hoary
intricate
round. patch.
leafy lobed
13 spring W
# spring Y.G
soft crust
2 aut.
pimpled
3 aut.
2333. CALI/CIUM. Ach. CAliciuM.

15443 tigillare Ach.
rail
15444 stigonllum Ach. black sessile
club-headed
15447 sphaerocephalum Ach. pin-headed

15448 hyperllum Ach.
convex
# dec.
granul, crust
i aut.
15449 chrysocphalum Ach. yellow-head. patches
3 aut.
dense granul. 4 aut.

obscure crust
aut.
15452 capitelltum Ach.
sulphureous
acicular
regular patch.
irreg. incrust.
15453 aciculre Ach.
lobed crust
4 aut.
15455 inquinans E. B.
15456 rscidum E. B.
short-stalked
arctica Act.
Eng, bot. 1865
Lem
Eng. bot. 414

Eng, bot. 1832
trun. of trees Eng. bot. 2501
Br. Ol boards
Eng. bot. 1540
Wsh decay. wood Eng bot. 2557
july
G.Y sandy soil
sum.
Ol
Scotch firs
Pa.Ol pales
Eng.: bot. 1539

Eng, bot. 2.85
Eng bot. 2473
Eng bot. 810
Eng bot. 1464
Br
old timber
Eng, bot: 2462
granular
DI.G old boards
Eng bot: 2502
crowd. patch.
wint.
13 wint.
DI.G decay, wood Eng. bot. 2503
Sp. 8-19.
thallus
leafy thallus
2 sum,
2 sum.
snouted
netted frond
3 spring Smo, rocks
arctic
smooth lobed 1 wint.
cylindrical
folded frond
8 polyphylla Wahl. many-leaved
15462 cylindrica Ach.
OLG oak rails

Grsh naked wood
close-set patc. . ; aut.
2334. GYRO PHORA. Ach. GY Rophor.A.

smooth
leafy
15460 glabra Ach.
15461 proboscidea Ach.
trees
Eng: bot. 1530
Pa.01 on Lichens Eng. bot. 2520. C. sessile
Gl.
sooty-knobbed tessellat. crust 4 wint. W. Br dead wood

grained
mealy coat
4 all sea. G
old boards
15457 dbile E. B.
weak
15458 aeruginsum E. B. verdigrease
15459 cartum E. B.

rocks
Eng. bot. 2129
thin crust
* spring Grsh old pales
irregular coat 2 spring Bt.G old oak
15450 trabinellum Ach.

brown
15451 cantherllum Ach. cinnamon
15454 ferrugineum E. B. rusty
Eng. bot. 2128
Sp. 1729.
15445 microcephalum Ach. small-headed cloudy streaks

15446 claviculre Ach.
Eng. bot. 870
D. Ol rocks
D.Ol rocks
Br
rocks
2 spring Gr.Ol rocks
Eng. bot. t. 1282

Eng. bot. t. 2483
Eng. bot. 2485
Eng. bot. 522
2333. Calicium. From ~Avalor, a little cup, well expressing the appearance of the organs of reproduction,
'': : form grey, white, or yellow patches, of various extent, on old wrought wood, or boards exposed
!"e weat!her.
* Gyrophora. So named, from , vex, a circle, and #4a, in allusion to the concentric circles, more or less
ORD. VIII. TRIBE I.
LICHENS IDIOTHALAMI.
955
15428 Crust thin leprose powdery soft pale green.-yellow, Apothecia slightly convex pale yellowish: marg. obsol.
15429 Crust thin effuse somew, granul, black, Apothecia min cluster fiat yellow. with an elevat. ent paler marg.
15430 Crust thin smooth. white, Apoth. crowd. at length convex hemispher. margin orange-color, white within
++. Thallus crustaceous, qf a regular figure or leaf. LEPIDomA.
15431 Crust somewhat imbricated white hoary, Lobes crenate reflexed tumid, Apothecia appressed black
glaucous; edge finally wavy
15432 Crust somewhat imbricated brownish-black covered with a greyish powder, Lobes entire swelling,
Apothecia black naked, at length hemispherical with the margin obsolete
15433 Crust imbricat. green-brown, Lobes round. cren. paler ben Apothecia plane, at length somew, conv, black
15434 Crust somewhat contiguous, lobed areolate and imbricated cinereous brownish-lurid, Lobes becoming
flexuose cut-crenate, Apothecia appressed not edged flattish finally confluent
15435 Crust imbricated pale olive-green, Lobes distinct reniform nearly erect beneath and the margin powdery,
Apothecia plane margined glaucous black
15436 Crust indeterminate very thin fibrous black with white convex crowded smooth warts, Apothecia solitary
in each wart depressed coal-black with a border of the same color

15437 Crust somewhat imbricated, Lobes rounded crenate livid-brownish white beneath surrounding the
apothecia, which are hemispherical clustered reddish not margined
15438 Crust subimbricated, Lobes distinct subpeltate roundish flesh-colored and red brown whitish beneath,
Apothecia in their border convex and subglobose black: margin obsolete
15439 Crust imbricated glaucous white, Lobes minute rounded convex, Apothecia convex rufous brown be
coming blackish: margin thin entire
15440 Thallus slightly imbricated fragmentary grey-green on a dense black fibrous cushion: its segm, somewhat
linear lobed crenate and granular at the margin, Apothecia scattered tawny paler at the marg. at length
convex brown obliterating the margin
15441 Crust orbicul. rugose plait, hoary lobed-plant in circumfer. Apothecia central plano-convex dark-colored
15442 Closely imbricated radiated membranous very smooth brownish-grey pale with black fibres below: its
segments linear obtuse undulated, Apothecia black with a black border of their own substance
15443 Crust areolated-warted smoothish wavy, Apothecia sessile dark opaque, Disk flat tumid at edge
15444 Crust somewhat contiguous unequal whitish or none, Apothecia sessile subglobose dark smooth: disk
dot-like becoming flattish with a thin shining margin
15445 Crust somewhat tartareous contiguous wrinkled olive-green, Apothecia roundish dark shining: disk
depressed opaque, and stalks short whole-colored
15446 Crust effused greyish somewhat pulverulent: fructification subglobose, at length flattened greyish-black
with a cylindrical thickish-black peduncle
15447 Crust verythin grey, smooth, Apothecia subglob.: disk dark-brown; margin greyish, Stripes filif black
15448 Crust cartilaginous areolate rugose smooth yellow-green, Apothecia lentiform ferruginous powdery,
Stems short cylindrical dark-pitch color thicker at base
15449 Crust lemon-yellow granulated and conglomerated: fructification subturbinate; disk brown convex, the
border yellow and pulverulent, Peduncle filiform blackish and shining at the base
15450 Crust thin white ash-color. Apothe, becom. lentif.: disk black-brown ciner, pruin. with a yell-green marg.
15451 Crust thin whitish powdery, Apothecia lentiform: disk flesh-colored becoming brown powdered, Stalks
filiform naked pale becoming brownish or black
15452 Crust effuse powdery greenish-yellow, Apothecia globose, and stalks filif very long flexuose yellow-green
15453 Crust leprous powdery pale yellowish-green, Apothecia hemispherical globose and stalks tapering up
wards straight powdered with fulvous
15454 Crust thin granulated tartareous rusty white, Apothecia on short stalks thick black often compound
with a pale rusty disk
15455 Crust white granulat. Tuber, a little prominent round flatt gray.-black powdery with a smooth black edge
i5456 Crust granulated smooth greyish-white, Tubercles scattered roundish black polished wrinkled irregular
without a border mostly sessile
15457 Crust membran, verythin white, Tuber. black convex with recurv. marg. on long slend wavy black stalks
15458 Crust thin tartareous somewhat granulated of a verdigrease-grey, Apothecia on slender black stalks
black hemispherical with a convex brownish-black disk

15459 Crust filmy verythin whitish, Apothecia on thickish black stalks obovate or hemispherical black with
black prominent loose powder
15460 Thallus smooth blackish-green: ben smooth black and naked, Apothecia at length conv. rough and plait.
e Thallus of many lvs. or lobes variously fold. black-green quite black ben on each side naked and smooth.
15461 Thallus membranaceous with elevated reticulations, at length of a smoky ash-color rough smoother paler
and subfibrillose beneath, Apothecia turbinate, at length convex variously
8 Thallus thick hard rigid with elevated dots rugose olive-brown becoming black naked smooth pale
yellow beneath, Apothecia globose
15462 Thallus somewhat naked dark greenish-grey folded and lobed strongly ciliated beneath smooth pale with
branching fibres, Apothecia elevated nearly plane with concentric and plaited lines
15449
15.454
1545.5
complicated, observal le in the disk of the receptacles of the shields. The species grow chiefly upon exposed
aluine ocks. chiefly on granite or volcanic stones. The vitrified forts in the Highlands of Scotland produce
some of them.
956
CRYPTOGAMIA.
C1Ass XXIV.
15463 ersa Ach.
knawed
ragged
3 all sea. Ol.Br rocks
Eng, bot. 2066
15464 desista Ach.
scorched
rough leafy
Eng. bot. 2483
15465 pustulta Ach.
pimpled
blister'd frond 2 spring Cin.G rocks
Eng. bot. 1283
15466 pellita Ach.
furred
sinuated
2 all sea. G.Br rocks
Eng bot. 931
15467 murina Ach.
mouse-skin
irregular lob.
1.- all sea. Br
rocks
Eng. bot. 2486
2335. ENDOCAR'PON. Ach, ENDocARPox.

Sp. 1022.
cracked
tessellat. mass. 1 sum.
Or
15468 sinpicum Ach.
schist
Eng. bot. 177
15469 smargdulum Ach. yellow
little patches
3 sum.
Y.G
rocks
Eng bot. 1512
brownish
15470 tephroides Ach.
Lichen Jusc. us E. B. 1500
Hedwig's
15471 Hedwigii Ach.
little patches
1 sum.
Gl.
earth
Eng. bot, 2013
crowd. patch.
# sum.
Ol
on the earth Eb.t595. L. trapez for.
A lach'neum Ach.
15472 pllidum Ach.
black-woolled
pallid
crowd. patch.
finely lobed
15473 parasticum Ach.
parasitical
round. patch.
15474 minitum Ach.
vermilioned
thick crust
15475 leptophyllum Ach. fine-leaved
round patches
15476 complicatum Ach. entangled
coriaceous
15477 Webri Ach.
cartilaginous
Weber's
3 sum. D.G. on the earth Eng. bot. 1698

# all sea. Pa. Ol rocks
Eng. bot. 2541
sum.
I
Cop. on Lichens Eng bot. 1866
all sea. Grsh
+ spring Br
rocks
Eng bot. 593
rocks
Eng. bot. 2012
# all sea. Grsh rocks
win.sp. G.Br wet rocks
Eb.593 f.3.L.amphibits
E. bot. 594. L. aquaticas
COENO THALAMI.
23:36. THELOTRIE/MA. Ach.
15478 lepadinum Ach.
":h crust 1,' wn

tartareous
15479 exanthemticum Ach. pallid
holly bark
Engbot 678. L.inclusss
2 all sea. Grsh calcar rocks Eng. bot. 1184
15480 variolarioides Ach. Variolaria-like tessellated
2 all sea. Pa..Ol bar of trees
inclegant
agele'um Ach.
15481 melaleucum E. B. brownish
tessellated
obscure crust
3 all sea. Y
young oaks Eng. bot: 2461
granular
4 all sea. G
old oaks
15482 hymnium E. B.
wrinkled
2337. PYRE NULA. Ach. PYReNULA.

15483 mitida Ach.
shining
2 all sea. Pa.ol bar of trees Eng bot. 1730
Sp. 4-34.
cartilaginous 1* all sea.
Eng. bot. 1731
bar. of beech Weig. obs. t. 2.f. 14
15484 nigrscens Ach.
blackish
tartareous
1* all sea. Br. B1 rocks
E. b. 1499. Wer. umbrina
15485 tessellta Ach.
tessellated
circular dots
2 all sea. Ol.G slate rocks
E. b. 2455. L. viridules
15486 umbonta Ach.
nipple shielded even coat
1* all sea. Br
rocks
Eb.2153. L. the lostonus
ash trees
Eng. bot. 2062
'-'.
23:38. VARIOLARIA. Ach.

veiledVARioLA
15487 velta Ach.
'uous surf
15488 multiptincta Ach.
much dotted
granular
15489 globulifera Ach.
globuliferous uneven crust 13 all sea. Grsh trees & rocks Eng bot. 2008
13
2 win.
Gl.
beech trees Eng bot. 2061
EE
15472
2335. Endocarpon. From **ay, within, and xxros, fruit, because the receptacles of the sporules are deeply
imbedded in the substance of the frond. The species form small roundish orangular plants, commonly closely
earth or stone of a grey or olive hue; their fructification appearing like little black dots over the
236. Thelotrema. From 9xxx, a nipple, and renue, an orifice. The protruberances of the thallus are per
forated. This genus has been reduced to Endocarpon by Sir James Smith.
ile upon
surface.
--------- *
---"
"
- ---
-->
- -
ORD. VIII. TRIBE. I.
LICHENS IDIOTHALAMI.
957
15463 Thallus rugged olivaceous brown, its circumference perforated and laciniated dark-grey: beneath glabrous
somewhat granulated and fibrous, Apothecia somewhat convex variously plaited
15464 Thallus roughish olivaceous brown with a brown scattered dust smooth beneath with pits and reticulations
naked of the same color, Apothecia plane with circular plaits, at length convex
15465 Thallus blistered and warty greenish ash-color ben, deeply pitted smooth palish-brown naked, Apothecia
few plane margined: disk somewhat even papillose and plaited
15466 Thallus smooth sinuato-lobate of a greenish coppery-brown: beneath black with dense pulvinate fibres,
Apothecia sessile, at length somewhat globose variously plaited intricate
15467 Thallus very rig. mouse-col. ben black-brown rough with elevat. paler spots, Apoth. conv. various plait.
15468 Thallus crustaceous cracked into areolae figured somewhat lobed greenish rubiginous depressed at the
circumference, Orifices depressed black
15469. Thallus crustaceo-cartilaginous somewhat foliaceous minute subpeltate appressed plane roundish entire
yellow-green, Orifices of the apothecia depressed reddish-brown
15470 Thallus crustaceous submembranaceous spreading and subfoliaceous contiguous wavy cracked glaucous
ash-col. irregul. lob, and crenat at marg. ben black somew.spongy, Orifi. elevat conv, black perforat.
15471 Plant subcartilaginous roundish or somewhat angular lobed of an olive-green: beneath pale at margin;
the rest blackish and fibrillose, Orifice of the fructification subprominent dark-brown
Lobes of thallus aggregat somew. imbricat.: margin elevated repand-lobed wavy with black wool beneath
15472 Thallus coriaceous membranous pallid leafy greenish crenate-lobed becoming irregularly ragged, Orifices
hemispherical pale with a black dot
15473. Thallus coriaceous convex rounded lobed copper-colored, at length rugged black and shaggy beneath,
Orifices scattered sunk minute coal black, at length convex
15474. Thallus thick crustaceo-cartilaginous foliaceous orbicular peltate greyish spread at marg. somewhat lobed
and waved beneath smooth, at length rugose and tawny, Orifices minute slightly prominent brownish
15475 Thallus cartilaginous foliaceous orbicular peltate brown or greyish : the border spread and wavy smooth
naked rough and black beneath, Orifices of the apothecia very minute slightly prominent black
15476 Thallus coriaceo-cartilaginous lobed greyish : beneath brownish-black; the lobes nearly erect rounded
plicate and convolute, Orifices of the apothecia numerous convex black
15477 Thallus cartilagineo-coriaceous lobed greenish-brown olivaceous: beneath rather tawny or blackish on
both sides smooth; the lobes laciniated waved plaited and crisped crowd. Orifices rather convex black
COE NOTHALAMI.
15478 Crust smooth whitish, Warts of the apothecia smooth somewhat cone-shaped with the margin of the
aperture thin simple somew, inflexed and contracted covered at bottom with a membrane which bursts
15479 Crust subtartareous thin contiguous greyish, Warts of the apothecia convex half immersed whiter,
Orifices much contracted radiated with fissures concealing the flesh-colored apothecia
15480 Crust nearly regular smooth rugulose cinereous, Warts of apothecia clustered irregular whitish with a
large black aperture and a thick somewhat angular lacerated edge
Crust white powdery with granul and min. soredia, Warts of apothecia appres: few and immers in crust
15481 Crustaceous cream-colored with scattered rather convex warts opening by an irregular inflexed orifice,
Apothecia immersed depressed brown
15482 Crust cartilaginous uneven somewhat polished greenish-grey, at length extremely tumid and uneven,
Apothecia elevated crowded hollow very irregular
15483 Crust cartilaginous membranous polished pale brownish cinereous, Warts of apothecia closed closing
surrounding the upper projecting part of the thalamium
15484 Crust tartareous somewhat tessellated unequal brownish-black, Warts of the apothecia spreading at the
base depressed somewhat rugose surrounding the greater part of the prominent apothecia
15485 Crust tartareous unequal cracked into areolae cinereous yellowish, Warts of apothecia enlarged at their
base depressed closed clustered about the edged orifice
15486 Crust tartareous regular finely cracked cinereous rufous, Warts of apothecia smooth reddish depressed
above forming a margin to the papilla-like prominent orifice
15487 Crust determined somewhat cartilaginous smooth very white plaited in rays, Warts of apothecia polished
compressed tumid: kernel covered with a thin powdery skin
15488 Crust subcartilaginous cracked into areolae granular cinereous, Warts of apothecia convex clustered
granular: kernel lentiform enclosed
15.189 Crust subcartilaginous greyish uneven with granules and soredia scattered in an irregular manner, Warts
of fructificat subglob. smooth, at length depressed above and soredifer and contain a concave nucleus
15482
- 15485 15487
7. Pyrenult. A diminutive of rviv, a kernel; in allusion to the manner in which the receptacle is
e
in the thalamium, as a kernel within its shell. Crustaceous plants, found chiefly upon the bark of
# Variolaria. The shields of these plants resemble the eruptive spots of the variolae or measles. The
Whole genus was referred by Linnaeus to his Lichen tagineus and lacteus. The species are of a crustaceous
"ture, found upon the trunks of trees, rocks, walls, or the ground.
--
Cues XXIV. I M
CRYPTOGAMIA.
].} all sea. LW
Eng. tot 01
radiated
1 all sea. Y.Ol rails
cracked crust 2 a sea. Grsh bark of trees Eng.b.1713. L./a|*
15491 arara Ach.
pulverulent S all rea. W bark oftrees Eng. tot
discoidea Ach. dcoid
Eng. bol 410
milkj
tartar,
crack. wint W rocks
15492 lctea Ach.
smooth bark Eug. bot 40
15493 griseo-virens E. . greyish green tubercular 1} aut D.1 hard rocks Eng. tot 319
15494 dealbta E. 3. whitened cracked crust 3 all rea. LeBr whinstoue Eng.botS4ll
cinereous tubercular 2 all sea. OLG
15495 cinrea E. B.
u Ach.
Urceolaria.
623.Fa.R rocks
Eng. bot. 1087
9339.
URCEOLA'Rli
Acharius'g
cracked crust 2 all.v.". rea.
15495 cyrtspii
Achfirii Ach.
Eng.b.450. 1 *****
teesellatcru.it 2 all sea. Rib rocks
Ach, red
Eng.b.!"&
fringed patch. S all sea. Br flints
15497 gibbsa Ach.
Eng. bot 1751
courent.zones 3 al) rea. G.Br Binti
15498 cinrea Ach.
Eng. bot. 66
rocks
rock
solid
crust
1
all
sea.
Grsh
15499 scruposa -(-/.
Eng. bot 2)
rock)
Gage's
obscure
crust
1J
all
sea.
Pa.Y
15500 Ggii E. B.
roc
ft
etoncs
calcareous
crowd,
warts
\\
all
sea.
\V
15501 calcrea .
roc. & stone. Eng. bot 19
ilojfiiinni Ach. HojTmann's sinuous pate. 1 J all sea. .
2340. LECANO'RA. Ach. Lecanora.
dark
15502 tra Ach.
15503 argphol'is Ach. pallid
15504 oculSta
15505
coarcttaAch.Ach. contracted
rough
15506 pericla Ach.
diminutive
exigua Ach.
15507 eophodes Ach.
obscure
15508 iubfsca Ach.
15509 ventosa Ach.
15510 frustulsa Ach.
15511 effusa Ach.
15512 chloroleca Ach
15513 vria Ach.
15514 '* Ach.
granulated
warted cruet
smooth,
crust
broad patches
little spots
little spot*
mealy crust
cartilaginous
warted
tartareous
thin coat
whitish green
Leprous
variab. sni<ield. crowded
cloudy crust
brownish
exposed
46-79.
Sp.
all sea.
Greh
2 eum. Pale
24 spring
all sea. W
Br
I all sea. VVsh
I all rea. Br
H aut2 all sea. Grsh
2 all sea. Y.G
{ all sea. Vat.
3 aut G
j sum.
all sea. WLt.G_
ljwint LtG
bark of tree* Eng. I**-9*9

rocks
roc
earth **!2?
brickft walls
Eng. bot ^
old pasts Eng. bot
old pale Eng. bot I.
on tren Eng. bot 1791
trun, oftrees Eng. bot WOB
rocks
En*bot-W6
rock.
******
Urkoffirs Eng-botl^
SSfi" iKiS
ORD. VIII. TRIBE II.
LICHENS COENOTH ALAMI.
959
15490 Crust cartilaginous polished whitish becoming unequal and ash-colored scattered with white soredia
having no margin, Warts of apothecia spheroidal powdery
Crust tartareous cartilaginous determined glaucous with a polished radiated cracked circumference,
Soredia scattered superficial flat not margined
15491 Crust rugose cracked uneven subpulverulent white or greyish, Warts of the apothecia appressed plano
concave margined bearing soredia of the same color as the crust
e Crust pulverulent white, at length greyish naked, Soredia crowded, at length spreading waved plano
concave with the margin raised swollen
15492 Crust tartareous distinctly bordered cracked smooth white: the circumference somewhat zoned cremato
lobate, Warts of the apothecia crowded margined very white and pulverulent
-
15493 Crust elliptical thin slightly tartareous rugged grey scarcely limited, Apothecia rounded with a narrow
border, Powder greenish
15494 Crust tartareous thickish greyish-white cracked tumid papillary and rugged obscurely zoned at the cir.
cumference, Apothecia orbicular prominent white
15495 Crust orbicular tartareous thin ash-colored cracked: its circumference indeterminate, Apothecia
orbicular very small white with an elevated margin and flesh-colored disk
15496 Crust with a rather decided edge smooth with narrow cracks pale brick-colored: disk redd.; marg. tum.
B Crust bordered smooth tessellated reddish, at length white, Apothecia becoming elevated with the disk
rather convex reddish-brown reaching the margin of the crust
15497 Crust papillose warted polished white ash-color: disk concave black immersed in the tip of the warts,
Border contracted protuberant crenated entire
15498 Crust cracked areolate warted cinereous bordered with black: disk somewhat concave dark immersed
among the warts becoming elevated, Border thickish projecting

15499 Crust rugoso-plicate granulated white or greyish : fructification urceolate; the disk black, the border
swelling inflexed subrugose covering the disk
15500 Crust continued calcareous smooth brownish-white irregularly cracked when dry, Apothecia very minute
blackish sunk in the crust
15501 Crust determined finely cracked somewhat powdery very white becoming cinereous: disk minute concave
black powdered with white, Border prominent discoid thin
A Crust thin cracked into areolae equal dull ash-colored, Fertile areolae raised in the middle whitish lead
color: disk somewhat concave dark caesious powdery
Thallus adnate uniform. RiNoDINA.
* Disk of apothecia constantly dark and black.
15502 Crust with a somewhat decided edge granulated and cracked greyish-white, Disk of the apothecia plane
at length swelling and black: the margin free raised, at length waved and crenulate
15503 Crust smooth uneven warted pale, Warts at length subimbricated somewhat lobed and deformed, Disk.
of the fructification concave brownish-black: the border sharp crenulate contracted
15504 Crust glab. papill. and branch. white, Apothecia sess scattered: disk slightly concave black; marg. tumid
15505 Crust effuse thin cracked rugose unequal cinereous, Disk of apothecia somewhat immersed finally
elevated flat dark with an elevated 'd powdery border
15506 Crust thin somewhat leprous and dispersed whitish, Disk of apothecia plano-convex dark dotted rough.
Border obscure powdery
Crust uneq obscure ciner. black. Apothecia min. aggreg. flat with a white cren. border and brown edge
** Disk of apothecia black, naked, brownish when moistened.
15507 Crust verrucose-granular from cinereous brownish-green, Apothecia heaped with a flat coarse dark disk
brown when moistened, Border tumid inflexed entire
*** Disk of apothecia black, brown, brownish, or clouded with other colors, naked.
15508 Crust cartilaginous smooth, at length granulated unequal white or greyish, Disk of the apothecia plano
convex brown or almost black: margin tumid entire, at length waved and crenate
15509 Crust tessellated with tumid warts yellow or grey, Apothecia appressed, at length irregular with
the disk plane or swelling red brown, at length rising above the entire margin
15510 Crust tartareous very much cracked variegated with black and white (yellowish-white in dispersed tumid
warts), Apothecia pale-brown, at length convex dark-brown: margin white
15511 Crust effuse thin powdery cinereous aeruginous, Apothecia minute appressed: disk flat becoming convex
pale-brown, Border thin obscure
15512 Crust thin leprose white, Apothecia crowded elevated: disk plane olive; the margin waved
15513 Crust unequal granular somewhat warted pale-green, Apothecia clustered: disk flat pale-brown and
variegated, Border raised inflexed finally crenulate
15514 Crust effuse very thin polished whitish sometimes bearing soredia, Apothecia sessile; disk flattish pale
livid-brown, Border pale becoming crenulate
and Miscellaneous Particuars.
tells us, though generally spelled Parellus. L. Turneri is probably only a variety growing upon the bark of
trees.
Lecanora candelaria derives its name from the circumstance of the Swedes employing it to stain the candles
Lecanora tartarea is the famous Cudbear (so called after a Mr. Cuthbert, who first brought it into use)
that are used in their religious ceremonies.
CussXXIV, \
CRYPTOGAMIA.
round
patch.
!
all
sea.
Grej
old
walls
red shielded
Eng. bot 17*
warted fring. 3 all sea. D.Ol rocke
15516 tuberculosa Ach.
2 aUsca.D.01 rocke
Eng. botSlio
i
15517 glaucma Ach. glaucous
Jwint D.Ol barkofirraHagetLhiilIsLlich-tLii I
Hagen's
15518 Hagni Ach.
1 trint DLG limest. rockt Eng. bot 1)
crenulta Ach.
obscure crust lj wint. WA smooth bark Eng. bot SIT4
15519 alblla E. .
Si
2 all sea. W rocke
Eng. bot 77
warted
equal
15520 parlla Ach.
2 all sea. GLW rocki
Eng bot l
15531 upealicnsU Ach. Upsal
mealy crust 3 aut Dl.G old trees Eng. bot 657
Turner's
15522 Tumri Ach.
*Utal*
ort 1 sum. trunof elm. g* g *g
yell.-flesh- cracked
I55?3
Urtareous 2 all sea. bren
15524 cameo-ltea
tartrea Ach. Ach. Cudbear
thin crust ! aut GL ?rflrM Ba
northern
frgida Ach.
Ach.
waxen
]5".'25
S SE-
Stone's
1552 cerina
Stuei Ach,
granular
U-1-.Y HBW1*
yolk
of
15527 vitelline .
granula,
l
Vin
.
entree,
Willow
15528 salicna Ach.
crac,, rugose 2 aU sea. 0* * S*6*"
15529 erythrlla . reddish
membranous 1J sum.
red
15530 rbra Ach.
Wsh rock.
*b*
15531 hteraatom'ma Ach. bloody spotted powdery
GL rock.
BWttt*"
thin crust
porphyria Ach. tmooth
E bL 1T7S. i- ra"*"""
plaited
1, all sea. W earth
earth
15532 epiga Ach.
round,
patch.
H-u.sea.Wsh
dr,
heath.
i .- " : :: lentigera
-^ i .
r~h
white
1:..>
scaly crust 8 a,l.e..Pa.G roc.S^ *"*'*
rock
15534 saltela Ach.
Eng. bol 2151
cracked crust V all a. Y.Or rock,
15535 murrum Ach. waU
Qg.Urt.M81
imbneated 1 all sea. Tawn. rocks
elegant
15536 legans Ach.
Eng. bot 1
rocks
refulgent small [teile, i .um. Grsh flat stone! Eng. bot 19
15537 ful'gcM Ach.
cracked cruet i aut.
circled
15538 circinata .
Eng. bo' m
cracked crust 1 all st RGr rocks
frozen
I53S glida Ach.
Wth
roc.
&
walls
rugose crust all sea.
155 galctina Ach. milky
Ciner. roe. .< F-M*^*
lobed scale. I sum. G,h earth on roc Ens- b*
11 cervina
grey
scaly crust S sum
thick
15542 crsM Ach.
15516
960
Propagation.
<" ^
j?
52*od to produce . purple for dyingrfer,
woollenU*,
yarn;
and îffl
lanel,
.roo. >
tue nuunuactor, of Sir Mackintosh, at Glasgow. The manulacturcrs
ORD.VIII. TRIBE II.
LICHENS COENOTHALAM1.
961
15515 Crust cracked and areolate somewhat granular whitish, Disk of apothecia rufous becoming brown,
Border white or yellowish becoming flexuose
**** Disk of a
cia black, casious, glaucous, or variously colored, always pruinose.
15516 Crust greenish ash-color with roundish warts, Circumference fibrous, Apothecia mixed: disk concave
becoming flat blackish-glaucous; border elevated thick
15517 Crust tartareous tessellated even greyish-white, Apothecia immersed in the crust: the disk plane, at
length convex subglobose glaucous and powdery', margin entire afterwards obliterated
15518 Crust cartilaginous membranous whitish ash-color, Apothecia clustered minute: disk flat becoming
convex variegated with brown and black; border entire naked persistent
A Crust becoming unequal somewhat granular ash-colored or blackish, Apothecia much clustered: disk
flat brown and black; border crenulate powdery
15519 Crust thin leprous continuous cream-colored somewhat polished, Apothecia sessile whitish-buff uneven
with a thin white wavy border
***** Disk of apothecia somewhat flesh-colored, pale, testaceous, waren, or orange-colored.
15520 Crust granulated or somewhat warted white, Apothecia thick crowded by pressure angular: the disk
concave, and as well as the tumid entire margin of the same color as the crust
15521 Crust very thin membranaceous smooth glaucous white bearing awl-shaped bristles, Disk of the
apothecia at length spreading plane pale-yellowish
15522 Crust leprous granular powdery whitish-grey, Apothecia scattered thick powdery: disk concave pale
flesh-colored; border tumid entire and flexuose
15523 Crust thin polish. hoary, Apothecia somew inn. : disk flat fleshy-yell. ; border thin somew, inflex. crenat.
15524 Crust tartareous with clustered granules greyish white, Apothecia scattered: disk plano-convex a little
wrinkled flesh-color; the margin inflexed, at length waved
Crust thin glaucus white running out into papillae and spiniluferous branches
[becoming black
15525 Crust granul. ciner. Disk of apothecia flat convex yellowish wax-colored; border elevated inflexed hoary
15526 Crust leprous-tartareous granular powdery dirty-white, Apothecia scattered: disk waxen covered by the
powdery inflexed border becoming convex and dilated
15527 Crust granulated bright-yellow, Apothecia crowded: the disk plane of the color as the crust, at length
convex deeper colored and powdery; the margin elevated thin, at length waved pulverulent
15528 Crust granular unequal dirty-yellow, 15isk of anothecia nat becoming convex somewhat orange-colored;
border thin crenulated becoming entire and flexuose
15529 Crust cracked subrugose greenish-yellow, Apothecia at length subglobose deep orange shining when
the entire margin becomes obliterated
****** Disk of apothecia red, scarlet, or purple, and sanguine.
15530 Crust submembranaceous smooth, at length unequal pulverul. and granular white, Apothecia crowded:
the disk concave red; margin tumid inflexed crenulate
15531 Crust tartareous pulverulent whitish, Apothecia imbedded scattered subconfluent: the disk scarlet
rather convex; the margin sometimes obliterated
a Crust tartar. granul powd. whit. Apothecia sess.: disk flat deep sanguine; bord. elevat: thick rug. persist.
+ Thallus adnate, radiate, stellate, and lobed in the circumference. PlaconiuM.
15532 Crust plaited and wrinkled white: the circumference smooth lobed, Disk of the apothecia at length
rather convex brownish-black: the margin thin entire
15533 Crust somewhat imbricated white, Lobes somewhat concave flexuose cut-crenate, Disk of apothecia flat
yellowish-brown: border elevated tumid
15534 Crust subimbricated scaly somew. rugose uneven pallid-green radiated and lobed in the circumference:
fructification
crowded; the disk plane yellowish-brown or subochraceous with a border,
at length crenate waved
15535 Crust plaited and lobed cracked bright-yellow orange pulverulent: the circumference plicate and rayed;
segm. lin. convex cut, Apothecia crowd.: disk at length convex of a deeper orange; marg. ent. waved
15536 Crust somew. imbricated plaited and rugose tawny orange naked, Lobes lin. lanc. waved convex somew.
distant radiating, Disk of the apothecia concave of the same color with the crust marg. somew, inflex. ent.
15537 Crust somew. contiguous pale yellow with a plaited lobed edge, Lobes flexuose flat, Apothecia scattered,
Disk very red plano-convex
15558 Crust cracked greyish plaited and rayed in the circumference lin.-laciniate, Apothecia much crowded at
at length angular: disk plane brownish black even with the margin of the crust
15539 Crust cracked pale reddish grey the circumference rayed and lobed having brown warts in the centre
cracked and rayed: disk of the apothecia depressed reddish margin thick elevated entire
15540 Crust subimbricat. rugulose whitish lobed and cren. at the circumference: fructification crowd angular;
the disk plane brownish flesh-color pruinose with a raised and at length crenate flexuose border
+++ Thallus imbricated throughout.
15541 Crust with lobed scales of a brownish ash-color: disk of the apothecia immersed nearly plane blackish
brown with the margin at length prominent
15542 Crust scaly greenish, Lobes imbricated inciso-crenate waved irregular, Disk of the apothecia slightly
swelling brownish orange margin thin entire at length obliterated
it grows more abundantly than with us; yet, in the Highland districts, many an industrious peasant gets a
living by scrapung this Lichen with an iron hoop, and sending it to the Glasgow market When I was in the
3 Q.
=-
15543 virella Ach.
greenish
15544 candelria Ach.
Candle-dyeing scaly crust
6 polycrpa Ach.
CLAss XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
962
multifid patc.
1 all sea. Bt.G trees & pales Eng bot. 1696

1 all sea. Y
trees & pales Eng bot. 1794
many-shielded toothed lobed # all sea. Gr.Y old posts
Eng bot. t. 1795

Eng. bott. 740
15545 hypnrum Ach.
Hypnum
scaly crust
15546 brun'nea Ach.
brown
lobed crust
1 spring Ci.Br on the grou. Eng. bot. t. 1246
15547 Hookri
Hooker's
imbricated
1 spring Grsh wet rocks
2341. PARME'LIA. Ach. PanMella.

warted
15548 glomulifera Ach.
round patch.
1 wint.
Gr. Br woods
Eng. bot. 2283
Sp. 3877.
13 spring Gl
trun. of trees Eng bot. t 293
* spring Y.G
trun. of trees Eng. bot. t. 654
15549 caperta Ach.
wrinkled
round patch.
15550 scrtea Ach.
leathery
lobed patches 1* all sea. Br
15551 perlta Ach.
grey
round patch.
15552 perforta Ach.
perforated
crisp patches 3 all sea. Y.G
15553 herbcea Ach.
herbaceous
round patch.
2 all sea. Grsh
trees & pales Eng. bot. 2065

trun of trees Eng bot. 341
Eng. bot. 2423
old trees
1* all sea. Bt.G trun of trees Eng. bot. 294

Eng. bot. 1652
15554 corrugata Ach.
rugose
imbricated
3 all sea. D.G
15555 olivcea Ach.
olive
round patch.
2 all sea. Ol.Br rocks & trees Eng, bot. 2180
15556 parietina Ach.
wall
round patch.
2 all sea. Bt..Y trees & walls Eng. bot. 194
15557 elaeina Ach.
orbicular olive
small patches # all sea. Ol
15558 pityrea Ach.
scurfy
flat-warted
15559 clementina Ach.
Clementi's
15560 tilicea Ach.
Linden
15561 Borrri Ach.
Borrer's
15562 lanuginsa Ach.
woolly
round patch.
3 all sea. Y.W rocks
15563 plmbea Ach.
leaden
round patch.
2 aut.
Bl.Gr trun of trees Eng bot. t.353
15564 rubiginsa Ach.
rusty
round patch.
3 sum.
Br. Gr trun of trees Eng. bot. t. 983
15565 omphaldes Ach.
navel
shining dott.
4 all sea. Pu.Br rocks
Eng bot. t. 604
on trees
13 july
Gl.
walls
Eng bot. 2064
flat radiated
13 all sea.
W.Gr trees
Eng. bot. 1779
flat imbricat.
Eng, bot. 700
foliaceous
4 aut.
sumn.
rocks
Ol.G trun. of trees Eng bot. 1780
15566 saxtilis Ach.
rock
rough & pitt.
2' all sea. Grsh stones
Eng. bot. t. 603
15567 fahlunnsis Ach.
Iron mine
smth. thallus
3 all sea. Pitch. rocks
Eng. bot. t. 653
15568 stygia Ach.
pitchy
starry
2 sum.
Bl
mountains
rocks
Eng bot. t. 2048
Eng: bot. t. 982
15569 aquila Ach.
lacerated
multifid lobes 4 sum.
Br
15570 encaista Ach.
griesly
stellated dott.
3 sum.
Pa. Gr rocks
Eng. bot, t. 2049
15571 recrva Ach.
recurved
warted
2 sum.
Pa.G rocks
Eng. bot. t. 1375
..".|
---
--*
|*
2.
:
---
--* -.
#
*> *
#
- *
*
-

neighbourhood of Fort Augustus, in 1807, a person could earn fourteen shillings r week at this work, selling
the material at three shillings and fourpence the stone of twenty-two pounds.
he fructified specimens are
reckoned the best.
Oran. VIII. TRIBE II.
LICHENS COENOTHALAMI.
96.3
15543 Crust somewhat scaly greenish ash-colored becoming powdery, Lobes repand cut wavy with irregular
margins, Disk of apothecia flat brownish black
15544 Crust scaly yellow, Lobes very much crowded cut and laciniated imbricated their margins minutely
granular, Apothecia nearly of the same color as the crust margin elevated entire
A Crust formed of lobes with many crowded teeth and segments greyish yellow, Apothecia crowded waved:
disk plane dilated of the same color as the crust at length fulvous and the margin crenulated
15545 Crust scaly greenish-brown, Lobes minute somew, rounded with margin granular and crenulat. Apothecia
submembran. : the disk concave at length dilated plane reddish brown the marg. elevated inflex, crenate
15546 Crust imbricated greyish lobed and granulated ash-colored brown, Apothecia imbedded in the crust
crowded irregular: disk rather convex red-brown the margin elevated crenulated persistent
15547 Crust imbricated greyish, Lobes minute appressed blunt, Disk of the apothecia plane black margin
elevated and crenate
+All the divisions of the thatlus equal at end.

15548 Thallus cartilaginous rigidobicular livid and glaucous smooth
darkgreen scattered tufted excre
scences: tawny beneath and downy, the lobes waved and laciniated angular, Apothecia reddish brown
rugose at the margin
15549. Thallusorbicular paleyellowish green rugose at length granulated black and hispid beneath the lobes waved
laciniated round nearly entire, Apoth, scatter brown their margin incurv, entire at length pulverulent
15550 Thallus roundish subcoriaceous white smooth finely dotted with black: hispid beneath, Lobes longish
sinuate-crenate cut, Apothecia rufous brown
15551 Thallus orbicular greyish white smooth blackish brown and hairy beneath, Lobes rounded cut plane
their margin waved entire, Apothecia brown their margin thin entire
15552 Thallus orbicular glaucous green naked with black fibres on the under side, Lobes rounded cut flat some
what plaited at the edge, Apothecia rufous
15553 Thallus orbicular membranaceous brightgreen above, beneath pale brown almost white and downy, Lobes
waved and cut, the segments rounded subcrenate, Apothecia red, themargin inflex rugose and crenate
15554. Thallus orbicular membranaceous finely rugose glaucous green, beneath blackish brown fibrous, Lobes
cut rounded lax plaited entire
-
15555 Thallus orbicular olive brown rugged with elevated points paler beneath and fibrous, Lobes radiating
15556
appressed plane dilated rounded and crenate, Apothecia dark-brown: the margin crenulated
T'
orbicular bright yellow: beneath paler and fibrillose; the lobes radiating appressed plane dilated
round crenate and crisped at the extremity, Apoth. of the same colour as the crust their margin entire
15557. Thallus orbicular somewhat membranous contiguous plaited umber-olive colored cut crenate in the cir
cumference with flat somewhat truncate lobules
15558. Thallus orbicular cinereous powdery: beneath white with black fibres, Central segments plaited eroded
crisp powdery at edge, Apothecia concave blackish brown
15559 Thallus orbicular white hoary granular powdery: beneath of the same color with obsolete blackish fibres,
Segments of the circumference flat cut crenate, Apothecia appressed flat brownish black
15560. Thallus orbicular membranous glaucous ash-colored: blackish brown beneath, Lobes sinuate-cut; the
end ones rounded crenated, Apothecia brownish with an entire edge
15561 Thallus orbicul, cinereous, Soredia grey margined, beneath brownish spongy and fibrous, Lobes concrete
plaited: those of the circumference rounded cut crenate, Apothecia red with a tumid edge
15562. Thallus orbicular yellowish white pulverulent greyish black and downy beneath, Lobes imbricated plane
rounded slightly crenated, Apothecia reddish (of the same color as crust") their margin pulverulent
15:563 Thallus orbicul, blueish-grey, beneath having a verythick spongy down, Lobes of circumferencerounded
and crenate, Apothec. scattered at length convex rusty-brown, their margin of same color and entire
15564. Thall. orbic. brownish-grey, ben, having a blueish-grey spongy down, Lobes of circumf obtusely notched
elevated pale, Apothecia plane crowded central reddish-brown with tumid incurv, crenul, whit-margins
15565. Thallus orbicular dark purplish-brown shining dotted with black, beneath black and fibrillose: the seg
ments sinuato-multifid linear plane truncated crenate in the circumference, Apothecia dark-brown, the
margin slightly crenulate
-
15566 Thanus orbicul. greyish rough and pitted beneath black and fibrillose: the segments imbricated sinuated
plane subretuse, Apothecia bright chesnut-brown, their margin subcrenulated
15567 Thallus orbicular pitchy-brown smooth beneath black and scarcely fibrillose: the segm-sinuated multifid
divergent plane or slightly grooved, margins elevat, lacerat. Apothec. dark-brown, margin granulated
15568 Thallus stellated shining pitchy-black, beneath black and almost naked: the segments nearly linear mul
tifid and somewhat palmate convex, the margins and extremity recurved, Apothec. of the same color
at length black with the margin crenated
-
15569 Thallus orbic, tawny-brown paler beneath with blackish fibres; thesegment multipartitenearlylin, convex,
those of the circumfer, dilated nearly plane and crenate, Apothecia dark-brown, their margin crenated
15570 Thallusstellat pale-grey, beneath black uneq naked: the segments often uniting convex and almost round.
lin. multifid roughish dotted with black, Apothecia reddish-brown, their margin somewhat crenulated
15571 Thallus stellat pale-greenish bear powdery warts, beneath black with fibres: segments of circum
i
ference multifid very narrow convex and almost rounded. Apothecia reddish-brown,
marg nearly ent.
15567
15570
2341. Parmelia. Named from raun, a sort of small '' and axia, to enclose. On the thallus cf these
ts scattered powdery warts are commonly found . These H edwig has determined to be anthers, apparently
: other that they are powdery, and that he could fix the title to nothing better.
3 Q 2
964
CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLAss XXIV.
15572 sinusa Ach.
sinuous
starry
2 all sea. Pa.Y moorstones Eng bot. t. 2050
15573 aleurites Ach.
rugose
round patch.
3 aut.wi. Pa. Gr trun of trees Eng, bot. t. 858
15574 ambigua Ach.
ambiguous
starry warted 2 aut.wi. Pa.G trun of trees
15575 consprsa Ach.
sprinkled
smth. dotted
11 all sea. Y
rocks
Eng bot. t. 2097
15576 specisa Ach.
shewy
starry glabr.
2 spring G.W woods
Eng bot. t. 1979
15577 laevigta Ach.
polished
starry
3 spring Grsh on trees
Eng: bot. t. 1852
15578 pulverulnta Ach.
powdery
pruinose mul. 2 spring Dp G trun. of trees Eng bot. t. 2063
15579 stellris Ach.
stellate
rugged frond
2 spring Grsh trun. of trees Eng bot. t. 1697
15580 caesia Ach.
casious
sorediferous
# all sea. Grsh roc. & stones Eng bot. t. 1952
dabia Ach.
dubious
granular
circular
round patch.
15581 cycloslis Ach.
a spring Pa-Br boards
Eng. bot. 2547
1 all sea. Li.Gr trees & pales Eng. bot. 1942
15582 diacpsis E. B.
twofold-shield. tumid crust
15583 physdes Ach.
bladdery
multif smth. 2 all sea. Wsh
rocks
Eng. bot. t. 126
15584 ditrypa Ach.
warted
multif smth. 2 all sea. Gr.G
wet rocks
Eng bot. t. 1248
2342. BORRE/RA. Ach, Bonnema.

15585 tenlla Ach.
slender
black & white dense tufts
15587 furfurcea Ach.
mealy
farinaceous
11 feb.
Wsh
bran. oftrees Eng bot. 1351
1* all sea. G.Gr trun. of trees Eng bot. 984
bushy
1 all sea. Or
apple trees
branched
yellowish
15590 ciliris Ach.
ciliated
bushy
1* all sea. Gl.
15591 atlntica Ach.
Barbary
bushy tufts
11 april
2343. CETRARIA. Ach. Cernania.

15592 juniperina Ach.
juniper
bushy
1* all sea. Pa.Y trun. of trees
spindistri Ach.
15593 sepincola Ach.
Pinaster
hedge
bushy
bushy waved
glaucous
bushy shining 2 all sea. Gl.
g-fallar Ach.
on the earth Eng. bot. 2548
15589 flvicans Ach.
15594 gladica Ach.
Eng. bot. 1954
Sp. 7-23.
branch. segm. 1* all sea. Gl.
15586 leucomla Ach.
15588 chrysophthalma Ach. yellow-eyed
13 all sea. Wsh stones
all sea. Y
Eng. bot. 1088
trun. oftrees Eng bot. 1352
G.Ol elms
Eng. bot. 1715
Sp. 5-14.
''
all sea. Pa.Y trun. of trees Eng. bot. t.2111

11 all sca. Ol.Br ston. & trees Eng bott. 2386
on the grou. Eng bot. t. 1606
fallacious
2312. Borrera. Dedicated by Acharius, to Mr. William Borrer, F.L.S., one of our most eminent British
cryptogamic botanists. This genus is very natural in habit, including the Linnean genus Lichen and its
allies.
2343. Cetraria. An unexplained name. C. islandica is common in Iceland and in the north of Germany,
and
is also found in the mountains of Asturias it grows to the height of two or three inches only, and h"
rugged bushy aspect in Iceland and Lapland it is used as an article of diet; being boiled in brothor milk,
after being freed from its bitter by repeated maceration in water, or dried and made into bread. , it has of late
years been brought in considerable quantities to this country for medicinal purposes. The dried plant differ.
very little from its appearance in a recent state. Medicinally it is tonic and demulcent, it has also been found
useful in debilities after acute diseases, and in emaciations, particularly those arising from the great discharge
_--" "
- -
---
--
ORD.VIII. Taier II.
LICHENS COENOTHALAM i.
- -
- -
965
15572 Thallusstellat pale-yellowish

smooth, black and fibrous beneath: segments broadly lin. sinuato-pin
natifid, their sinuses broad and circular, Apothecia nearly plane dark-brown, their margin thin entire
15573 Thallus orbicular continuous rugose pale-grey pulverulent, beneath of the same color with blackish fibres:
segments in the circumference distinct plane rounded waved inciso-crenate, Apothecia plane reddish
brown, their margin at length crenulate and pulverulent
15574 Thallus stellated pale-yellow green smooth bearing powdery warts, beneath brownish-black and fibrillose:
the seg
linear apt
d plane dichot
somewhat tr
d, Apothecia subcentral small
nearly plane brown, their margin entire
15575 Thallusorbicul, greenish-yell. smooth with blackish dots, brown and fibrillose beneath: segments sinuato
lobate rounded crenate nearly plane, Apothecia central chesnut-brown with the margin nearly entire
15576 Thallus stellated glabrous greenish-white, beneath snowy-white with greyish fibres: the segments im
bricated linear plane cut and branched crenate, their extremities ascending and powdery, Apothecia
central brown with a tumid singularly
crenate border
15577 Thallus stell.smooth greyish-white, beneath black and fibrillose: segm. multif lin. broader upwards cut di
varicated acute in the circumf
virush
ly bearing powdery warts, Apothecia concave ch
color with the margin entire
15578 Thallus stellated deep glaucous green caesious and pruinose when dry, beneath black and downy and his
pid: the segment linear multifid in the circumference plane appress waved retuse at the extremities,
Apothecia glaucous black, the margin entire and waved at length leafy
15579. Thallus stellat. at length rugged and granulat greyish-green, beneath with grey fibres: the segm. sublin.
rather convex cut multifid, Apothecia glauc. black, their margin entire, at length waved and crenate
15580 Stellate greyish-white and glaucous sorediferous, ash-colored beneath with black fibres: segments linear
cut multif convex but plane at extremities: fructification subconcave black with a subinflexed border
a Thallus stellate cinereous: segments branched separate recurved at edge roundish, some broader than
the rest and powdery at the edge
15581 Orbicular greenish-grey, fibrous and black beneath, Lacinae imbricated nearly plane multif erosa-crenate
somewhat ciliate: the margin sometimes raised; fructification very dark, the border raised entire
15582 Crust blueish-white tartareous minutely undulated, Apothecia clustered somewhat sunk: disk flat black
or brown; margin thick externally black
15583 Thallus substellated
white: beneath brownish black; the segm. sinuato-multifid convex glabrous
inflated and ascending at the extremity, Apothecia red brown, their margin entire
15584 Thallus substellate greyish-green: beneath rugose blackish and white; segments sinuato-multifid nearly
plane smooth bearing powdery warts and perforated; the extrem.inflated, Apoth. redd.: marg. entire
15585 Thallus greyish-white naked on both sides and of the same col. substellat.: segm. pinnatif ascend dilat.
arched and ciliated at the extremity, Apothecia scattered: disk plane caesious black; its marg. entire
15586 Thallus palish: segments erect linear multifid attenuated ciliated: beneath very white powdery and
channelled, Apothieca with a flat black caesious disk
15587 Thallus greenish-grey farinaceous: the segments linear attenuated branched grooved naked rugose and
blackish beneath, Apothecia somewhat marginal cup-shaped with their margin thin inflexed
15588 Thallus yellow naked and of the same color : sides: segments linear flattish pinnatifid branched
fibrous at end, Apothecia somewhat terminal with an orange-colored disk
15589 Thallus yellow naked: segments dichotomously branched slightly compressed atten divaricated compli
cated, Apothecia scattered: their disk plane orange-red; their margin entire naked
15590 Thallus greenish: segments linear branched attenuated ciliated at end whitish and channelled beneath,
Apothecia somewhat terminal: disk concave
flat with a fringid border
15591 Thallus pale rufous downy: segm. divaricating tortuous linear tapering channelled on the under surface,
Apothecia scattered: disk flattish brownish-black with a thin entire border
15592 Thallus pale-yellow very yellow beneath: the segments plane ascending erose crenate and crisped,
Apothecia elevated: their disk brown; the margin crenulated
8 T' with segm. depressed: the lobes rounded crenate; margins orisped pulverulent and very yellow
15593 Thallus olive-brown paler beneath; the segments plane ascending lobed waved subcrenate, Apothecia
elevated of the same color: their margin rugose and crenulate
15594 Thallus glaucous somewhat shining sinuated and lobed brown beneath: the segments cut and jagged
curled ascending, Apothecia elevated chesnut-brown: their margin wrinkled
s Thallus white on each side or with occasional black spots beneath
- 15558
of ulcers; and diarrhoeas, dysentery, and hooping cough.
Its virtues, however, have been greatly overrated.
Though plentiful with us, it is scarcely sufficiently so to form an article of commerce. A great proportion
of what comes to our shops, where it is in great request as a medicine in coughs, consumptions, &c. is procured
from Norway or from Iceland. Immense quantities are gathered in the latter country, not only for sale, but for
home consumption, as an article of common food. The bitter and purgative quality being extracted by steep
ing in water, the lichen is dried, reduced to powder, and made into a cake, or boiled and eaten with milk; and
eaten with thankfulness, too, by the poor natives, who confess that a bountiful Providence sends them bread
out of the very stones. An ample account of the nutritive qualities of this plant may be found in the
Memoir of Professor Proust, inserted in the Journal
for August, 1806.
#;"
966
CLAss XXIV
CRYPTOGAMIA.
15595 nivlis Ach.
snow
bushy tufts
15596 islndica Ach.
Iceland Moss bushy
1:,"ch, .#"
yellow warts
2 all sea. Sul.
rocks
2 all sea. Ol.Br
rocky places Eng. bot. t. 1330
Eng bot. t. 1994
5. rocks
3 al
Eng. bot.2110
15598 aurta Ach.
golden
foliaceous
6 all sea. Br
15599 pulmoncea Ach,
liverwort
reticulated
2 all sea. Oliva.
trun of trees Eng.: bot. 572
15600 scrobiculta Ach.
pitted
roundish pat. 3 all sea. Grsh trun of trees Eng, bot. 497
15601 limbta Ach.
bordered
smooth lobed
4 all sea. Gl.Br rocks
15602 fuliginsa Ach.
smutty
round patch.
3 all sea. Lugr moist rocks Eng. bot. 1103
15603 sylvtica Ach.
wood
Eng, bot. 1104
pitted fronds
3 all sea. Ru. Br shady woods Eng. bot. 2298
i:A. Ach. .#".
much veined
15605 scutata Ach.
shielded
crisp
1* all sea. Cin.
15606 horizontlis Ach.
horizontal
shining, cren. 2 all sea. Br.G shady rocks Eng. bot. 888
15607 aphthsa Ach.
Thrush
warted
2 aut.
h
on the earth Eng bot.887
bark of trees Eng bot. 1834
among moss Eng. bot. 1119
15608 rufscens E. B.
brownish
incurved
2 all sea. R.Br.
on the earth Eng bot 2300
15609 canina Ach.
dog
broad-lobed
2 all sea. Grsh
on the earth Eng. bot. 22.99
15610 membrancea Ach. membranous

15611 spria E. B.
broad-lobed
imperfectly veined lobed frond
15612 polydctyla Ach.
multifid
2346. NEPHRO'M.A. ach.
resupinate
15614 prilis Ach.
chocolate
foliaceous
Eng. bot. 1542
Ol.Br thatch
smooth-hood. 13 july
NephitomA.
short-lobed
15613 resupinta Ach.
1* all sea. Grsh thatch

13 july
Gl.
on the earth Jacq. coll. t. 14. 2
Sp. 2-8.
3 all sea. Gr. Br
among moss Eng. bott. 305
3 all sea. Br
stone quarr. Eng bot. 2360
2347, ROCCEL'LA. Ach. Onchall.

15615 tinctria Ach.
true dyer's
bushy tufts
1?
marit. rocks Eng. bot.211
15616 fucifrmis Ach.
bushy tufts
4 all sea. Gl.
graniterocks Eng bot. 728
multif segm.
Sp. 1-6.
2 all sea. G.W heaths
23.48 EVER/NIA. Ach.
15617 prunstri Ach.
flat-leaved
Sp. 2-7.
sea. Y. Br
EveRNia.
Stag's Horn
Eng.bot. t.859
L. stictoceros E. B. t. 1353
2310 CENoMycE Ach. Crsource.

15618 papillria Ach.
pimpled
granul, crust
Sp. 2043
3 wint. Grsh damp earth Eng-bot 907
15600 as 15603 &\@.8%

--- *
->
g
*-ry
(
&:
#
*
'il
->
-
2344. Sticta. From sizrer, dotted, on account of the numerous little pits on the under surface of the fronds.
One of the most handsome genera of Lichens, growing almost wholly upon trees. Sticta pulmonacea is "P.
posed to possess the same qualities as the famous Iceland moss, Cetraria islandica.
2345. Peltidea. So called in allusion to the form of the shields, from rarx, a target. Peltidea aphthosa, a
handsome species, has its name from the circumstance related by Linnaeus, that the Swedish peasants
boil it in milk as a cure for the aphtha, or thrush, in children.
346 Nephroma. From victor, a kidney; the apothocia are of a reniform figure. N. polaris is remarkable
for being common to both the Arctic and antarctic circles.
2347.
cella. This is a slight alteration of the Portuguese Roccha, signifying a rock, in allusion to the
-
ORD.VIII. TRIBE II.
LICHENS CAENOTHALAMI.
967
15595 Thallus sulphur-colored orange at the base pitted and reticulated erect nearly plane laciniated: its
multifid crisped crenato dentate and often warted at points, Apothecia Plane flesh-col: mark crenulat.
15596 Thallus olive-brown paler beneath: the segments erect sublinear multifid channelled smooth dentato
ciliate; fert. uranches spreading, Apothecia appressed plane of the same color: margins elevated entire
15597 Thallus dark glaucous brown pitted with broad rounded spreading entire lobes, having bright lemon
colored powdery spots upon the margin and on the elevated parts between the pits: downy and tawny
beneath with min. lemon-colored little hollows, Apothecia scattered black.-brown: their margin entire
15598 Thallus glaucous shining very broad woolly beneath, Soredia minute yellow: segments rounded sinuated
cut; margin wavy crisp inflexed yellow-powdery
15599 Thallus olivaceous pitted and reticulated
beneath with smooth prominences: the segm. sinuato
lobate truncated,
submarginal plane reddish: their margin rugose
15600 Thallus suborbicular glaucous greyish-green very broad somew.pitted and having mealy warts: beneath
downy tawny with white naked spots; the segments rounded and lobed irregular, Apothecia scattered
nearly plane reddish-brown: their margin somewhat crenate
15601 Thallus orbicular glaucous brown roundly lobed smooth grey and powdery at the margin: downy beneath
with white hollow spots, Apothecia brown
15602 Thallus orbicular dark lurid-grey rough with brown granules: beneath grey.-brown with white concave
spots; the segments roundly lobed nearly entire, Apothecia scattered dark-brown: their marg. entire
15603 Thallus wide rusty brown naked and pitted: brown and downy beneath with small pale excavations;
segments lobed and obtusely cut unequal, Apothecia marginal dark-brown
15604 Thallus greenish ash-color white beneath having dark brown prominent branched veins, Lobes rounded
cut somewhat entire, Apothecia marginal plane rounded swelling brown scarcely crenulate at the margin
15605 Thallus ash-colored whitish and veiny beneath: the lobes rounded sinuated and cut crenate and crisped;
fertile lobules very short, Apothecia orbicular ascending nearly plane brown somewhat entire
15606 Thallus glaucous and brownish green lobed cren and shining pale ben, with numerous brown branching
reticulated veins: fertile lobules abbreviated, Apothecia terminal plane horizontal transversely oblong
reddish brown with a nearly entire margin
15607 Thallus green smooth roundly lobed sprinkled with brown warts whitish beneath with brown branching
veins: fertile lobules very long contracted in the middle their sides reflexed, Apothecia terminal large
ascending red brown with a lacerated margin
15608 Thallus coriaceous concave even dark reddish-brown pale downy with obsolete veins beneath, Lobes
rounded with numerous fruit-bearing processes
15609 Thallus greyish green with broad rounded lobes white beneath with brownish branching veins: fertile
lobules rather long with their sides reflexed, Apothecia terminal nearly erect revolute reddish-brown
with a subcrenulated border
15610 Thallus thin membranous somewhat downy with rounded lobes beneath whitish and netted with veins of
the same color, Fertile lobes short, Apothecia minute
15611 Leathery ash-colored and even above: whitish smooth with indistinct pale veins beneath, Apothecia
ascending roundish dark reddish brown
15612 Thallus glaucous green naked glabrous with brown reticulated veins beneath: fertile lobules very nume
rous elongate and as well as the brown terminal, Apothecia cucullato-revolute
15613 Thallus greyish brown pale pubescent and granulated beneath: fertile lobules very short, Apothecia
large numerous reddish
15914 Thallus livid brown beneath naked wrinkled blackish, Fertile lobes short, Face of the apothecia brownish
15615 Thallus rounded glaucous green somew. branched nearly erect, Apothecia scattered elevated: disk flat
caesious pruinose as broad as the border
15616 Thallus flat cinereous greenish with dichotomous divisions, Segments attenuated, Apothecia marginal
15617 Thallus greenish white segments dichotomous multifidascending linear-attenuate plane pitted grooved and
white beneath, Apothecia bright brown concave
+ Thallusgranulated
subcrustaceous
uniform,
Podetia
hollow,
PycNortiglia.
15618 subcrustaceous uniform
greyish,
Podetia
ventricose
glabrous
white, simple or branched, the
branches very short confluent and subfastigiate, Fructification minute reddish-brown
"/4
~\lb,
places where this plant is commonly found. This plant is the Orchall or Argol of the dyers, so celebrated for
yielding
a fine purple color,
for which
but a poor
substitute.
2348. Evernia.
** signifies
tan,Cudbear
or well isbranched
. The
name has been well contrived to express the
habit
the species, From
whichxever,
all form
bushy,
orapendulous
tufts. to the hollowness of the little
2349.of Cenomyce.
empty,
anderect,
aux",
minute fungus,
fungus-like receptacles. Cenomyce rangeferina: this is the Lichen which, for the greater part of theyear, and es
ially in winter, is the support ofthe vast herds of rein-deer, in wh ich consists all the wealth of the Laplanders,
o vegetable, Linnaeus tells us, grows throughout Lapland in such abundance as this, especially in woods of
-
scattered pines, where, for very many miles together, the surface of the sterile soil is covered with it as with.
3 Q 4
CLAss XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
968
* wint. Gl.
Eng bot. t. 1392
buckshorn
15620 endiviaeflia Ach.
endive-leaved multifid tufts
15621 cervicrnis Ach.
Stag's Horn
15622 pyxidata Ach.
cupped
tufts
15623 fimbrita Ach.
fringed
coralloid tufts 1* spring Gl.
moors & hea. Eng. bot. t. 2138
g radita Ach.
2 cornta Ach.
15624 gonorga Ach.
radiated
cornute
degenerating
coralloid tufts 2 spring Gl.

coralloid tufts 1* spring Gl.
tufts
1 sum.
Cin.
mountains
variable
brittle tufts
hills
A anomaa Ach.
tufts
heaths
15619 alcicrnis Ach.
+ wint. Y.G dry places
multifid tufts 11 wint.
Gl.
# spring Gl.
1 spring Cin.
Eng bott. 2361
Pentlan.hills Eng. bot. t. 2574

banks
Eng.bot. t. 1393
on the grou. Eng bot. 1835

moors & hea. Eng bot. 1836
Eng.bot. 1867
leafy
fine tufts
# spring Gr
slender
fine tufts
# spring Gr
hea.& moun. Eng bot. 1284
15626 bacillris Ach.
rod-like
branched
2 all sea. Wsh
woods
E. b. t. 2028. L.filiformis
15627 digitta Ach.
fingered
powdery
1* all sea. Y.G
woods
Eng. bot. 2439
15628 defrmis Ach.
deformed
branch. tufts
3 all sea. Sul.
roots of trees Eng. bot. 1394
15625 ecmocyna Ach.

g grcilis Ach.
15629 coccifera Ach.
coccus-bearing long tufts
6 cornucopioides Ach. cornucopia-like short tufts

daisy-flowered stiff scaly
15630 bellidiflra Ach.
15631 sparssa Ach.
ventricose
branch. tufts
15632 delicta Ach.
delicate
mealy patch
3 wint.
14 wint.
2 wint.
Gr. G moors& hea. Eng. bot. 2051
Gr. G moors& hea.

Pale lofty mount. Eng bot. 1894
2 all sea. Gl.
3 wint.
hea.& moun.
in woods
Eng, bot.2362
rotten rails Eng. bot. 2052
15633 racemsa Ach.
Tacennose
loosely branc. 13 all sea. Gsh
15634 furcta Ach.
forked
smooth tufts 24 all sea. Liv.br woods
Dilmusc. t16.f37.A-D
S subulta Ach.
15635 uncilis Ach.
subulate
stiff
slightly bran.
2 all sea. Liv.br woods
Dil, musc.t.16 fel.A.B
rigid smooth
11 wint. Pa.G moors
Eng bot. t. 174
15636 rangiferina Ach.
rein-deer
much branch. 2 all sea. Hoa.
woods
Eng bot. t. 173
pungent
branched tuft 2 all sea. Gr
commons
Eng. bot. 2444
vermicular
little tufts
high mount Eng bot. t. 2029
A pungens Ach.
15637 vermiculris Ach.
1 sum.
heath"
* 15626
Dill. musc. t. 16.f 25
15620-
15624.
snow. On the destruction of forests by fire, when no other plant will find nutriment, this Lichen springs up
and flourishes, and, after a few years, acquires its greatest size. Here the rein-deer are pastured, and whatever
may be the depth of snow during the long winters of that climate, they have the power of penetrating it, and
Oan. VIII. TRIBE II.
LICHENS CAENOTHALAMI.
969
++ Thallus foliaceous. Podetia fistular dilated upwards and fertile, or sterile and subulate. Apothecia closed
with a membrane.
Scyphophona.
* Apothecia fuscous or pallid.

15619 Thallus foliaceous very pale glaucous green the segments subpalmated ascending obtuse and incurved,
Podetia elongated turbinate all cup-bearing smooth the cups regular crenate with the margin at length
leafy and proliferous, Apothecia brown
15620 Thallus foliaceous large glaucous yellowgreen white beneath the segments multifid waved crenate crisped,
Podetia turbinate elongate mostly simple, Apothecia marginal reddish-brown
15621 Thallus foliaceous glaucous green: segments erect multifid narrow repando-subdentate, Podetia cylin
drical short glabrous dingy at length black all of them cup-bearing: cups small regular dilated entire
nearly plane proliferous from the centre, Apothecia marginal sessile brownish-black
15622 Thallus foliaceous: segments crenulated ascending, Podetia all turbinate elongate cup-shaped glabrous
at length granulat warty rough green: cups regular; the margin at length prolifer. Apoth. brown
15623 Thallus foliaceous: the segments small crenate, Podetia elongate cylindrical cup-bearing sometimes subu
late slightly pulverul white: cups regular their marginsent, and crenat. at length prolifer. Apoth.brown
a Podetia elongated powdery white, Scyphae radiant at edge
2 Podetia elongate subulate simple or branched pulverulent white sterile or with reddish apothecia
15624 Thallus foliaceous, Segments broadish crenulate cut, Podetia longish smooth somewhat warted glaucous
or whitish green, Apothecia irregular torn into rays proliferous at edge
A Thallus foliaceous ash-colored brittle: segments imbricated minute crenate, Podetia cylindrical rough
and foliaceous: cups turbinate closed at length dilated and radiated, Apothecia marginal sessile or
stalked brownish-black
15625 Thallus foliaceous, Segments small crenate, Podetia long subulate sterile and fertile smooth livid-brown,
Apothecia cup-shaped toothed at edge occasionally Proliferous
8 Thallus foli
very
, Podetia el
sterile and cup-bearing smth. greenish brown:
cups toothed at the margin at length proliferous, Apothecia brown
** Apothecia scarlet or deep red.
15626 Thallus foliaceous small: segm. inciso:lobate crenate, Podetia cylindr. simple and somew.branch. at the
extremity greenish white granulated rarely cup-bear.; cups narr at length radiat. Apoth. minute scarlet
15627 Thallus fol
small:
expanded
beneath as well as on the cylindrical yellow
green cup-bearing, Podetia pulverulent: cups narrow small at length large with the often branched
numerous digitate or rayed prolifications tipped with the bright scarlet apothecia
15628 Thallus foliaceous minute: segments broadish cut crenate naked beneath, Podetia long thick subventricose
sulphur-colored slightly pulverulent cup-bearing: cups narrow crenato-dentate at length dilated and
jagged, Apothecia sessile and pedunculate scarlet
15629 Thalius foliaceous minute: segm, rounded crenate nak beneath, Podetia elongated turbinate naked nearly
pale yellow or greyish green all cup-bearing, cups with their margins spreading fertile, Apothecia large
at length stalked scarlet
8 Pode rather short cup-bearing: cups dilat crisp and foliac. term.
the scarlet stalk. Apoth. at leng prolif.
15630 Thallus foliaceous minute: the segm. inciso-crenate naked beneath, Podetia elongate cylindr. rigid glabr.
foliaceo-squamose pale all cup-bear.: cups narr. their margins fertile and prolifer. Apoth. crowd. scarlet
Thallus foliaceous. Podetia fistular dilated upwards and fertile. , Apothecia pervious. SchAsmaria.
15631 Thallus foliac, mi
lobed and c
ted. Podetia el
d branch.
r. granulat rough with leafy
scales cup-bearing: cups irregular pervious dentato-radiate proliferous, Apothecia stalked pale brown
++++ Thallus foliaceous. Podetia somewhat fistular, cylindrical, simple, split at end or digitate. Rays all fertile.
-
---
#.
#t
ELOPOD1A.
15632 Thallus foliaceous with minute granular lobes, Podetia smooth granular pallid divided at end: divisions
very short, Apothecia clustered brownish black
+++++ Thallus foliaceous, scarcely any. Podetia cartilaginous, rigid, fistular, all tapering subulate branched.
Arillae generally bored through. CLADoN1A.
15633 Podetia elongated smooth at length scaly greenish white inflated curved branched, Branches lax subsecund
their extremities divergent spinulose, Apothecia pale brown
15634 Podetia elongated smooth livid brown dichot
Axils not perf
d, B
hes narr. subulate curved
the extremities forked divergent: fertile ones with brown apothccia
& Podetia elong. slender sparingly branch. Branches nearly erect: fertile bran. with brown capitate apoth.
15635 Podetia
pale dichotomous: the axils perforated open; extremities of the branches patent
short acute and rigid, Apothecia small terminal brown
15636 Podetia elongate cylindr. erect roughish hoary branched: axils often perforated, Branches scattered very
much divided spreading the ultimate ones subradiate or drooping, Apothecia subglobose clustered brown
s Podetia cinereous dichotomously branched rigid forming a cushion-like tuft, Axillae not bored through,
End of branches mucronate diverging brownish
Thallus none. Podetia soft, subsolid, subulate, somewhat branched. Arillae not bored through. CERANIA.
15637 Podetia subulate nearly simple smooth very white subfistulose flexuose prostrate
15630
15636,3
#.
** 15634
obtaining their necessary food. Linnaeus has given a beautiful description of this Lichen, and of the animals
whose support it is, in the Flora Lapponica, p. 392.
C. pyxidata is sometimes employed by the poor in the cure of the hooping-cough.
970
CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLAss XXIV.
Sp. 4-10.
2850. BAEO'MYCES Ach. BAeoMyces.

1568 rseus Ach.
rosy
15639 rufus Ach.
rufous
granulated
powdery
15640 microphyllus E. B. small-leaved
imbric. patch 3 wint. D.G. wet heaths Eng bot. 1782
15641 caespititius E. B.
leafy tuft
turfy
* sum.
Gsh
* sum.
Gsh
8 aut.
Eng. bot. t.374

E.bot. t.373. L.byssoides
-
Pa.G oaks
Eng. bot. 1796
Sp. 5-11.
2351. ISIDIUM. Ach.

IsidiuM.
15642 microsticticum Hoo small
* aut.
Brsh rocks
Eng. bot. 2243
15643 corllinum Ach.

15644 Westringii Ach.
coralloid
Westring's
crowded patc. 4 aut.
Grsh rocks
cracked crust
Grsh rocks
Eng. bot. 1541

Eng bot. 2204
15645 phymatdes Ach.
bladdery
powderycrust 3 wint.
tartareous
powderycrust 2 aut.
cracked
2352. STEREOCAU/LON. Ach.

15647 paschle Ach.
Easter
StereocAulon.
branch. tufts
2353. SPHAERO'PHORON. Ach.

15648 coralloides Ach.
Pa-Su. stems, old tr.
powderycrust 3 wint. Y.Ol, stems, old tr. Eb.1529. Leprlutescens
S phragmae'um Ach. buff

15646 coccdes Ach.
3 aut.
Sphaerophenox.
bushy
bushy
15619 frgile Ach.
coralloid
brittle
15650 comprssum Ach.
compressed
bushy
Pa. Ol park pales
Eng-bot. 1511
Sp. 1-6.
2 all sea. Grsh mountains

Sp. 3-14.
1* all sea. Pa. Br rocks
Eng. bot.282
1 all sea. Grsh
rocks
Eng. bot. t. 115

Eng. bot. t. 2474
1 all sea. Wsh
rocks
E. bot. t. 114. L.fragilis
on fir trees
Eng bot. t. 1880
HOMOTHALAMI.
2354. ALECTORIA. Ach. ALEctoRIA.
15651 jubta Ach.
mane-like
long tufts
S chalybiifrmis Ach.
15652 sarmentsa Ach,
long tufts
sarmentose
2355 RAMALI/NA. Ach.
Sp. 2-7.
3 wint.
Br
3 wint.
Gr. Bl on fir trees
much branch. 2; wint. Pa.Y mountains
RAMAliNa.
Eng bot. t. 2040
ashen
loose tufts
Sp. 5-19.
2 all sea. Grsh bran. of trees Eng. bot. t. 1781
15654 fastigita Ach.
clustered
loose tufts
2 all sea. Gl.
rocks & trees Eng.bot. t. 890
scalicris Ach.
calyx-like
loose tufts
1} all sea. Gl.
rocks & trees
15653 fraxinea Ach.
13 all sea. Y.Gr marinerocks Eng bot. t. 688
15655 scopulrum Ach.
ivory
loose tufts
15656 farincea Ach.
mealy
bushy tufts
2 all sea. Grsh trun oftrees Eng, bot t.889
15657 pollinria Ach.
powdery
bushy patch
3 all sea. Bt.G old oaks
2356. CORNICULARIA. Ach.

15658 tristis Ach.
dingy
15659 aculeta Ach.
A spadicea Ach.
15660 bicolor Ach.
15661 ochroleca Ach.
Coanicularia.
shrubby
Eng.bot. 1607
Sp. 7-16.
1* all sea. Dp.Br alpine rocks Eng bot. t. 720
prickly
shrubby
brown
shrubby
1 all sea. Ches. Highl. mou.
1 all sea. Ches. Highl mou. E. bott. 452. Lhispidus
two-colored
pale-yellow
shrubby
shrubby
all sea. Bl
Highl, mou. Eng.bot. t. 1853
1} all sea. Pa.Y Highl mou. Eng bot. t. 2374
1
2350. Beomyces. From Saler, small, and auxor, a fungus, a name well applied to this genus, which much".
sembles some minute kinds of Agaricus or Helvella.
2:51. Isidium. From urer, equal, in allusion, we presume, to the small difference which exists in size
-
between the podetia and the substance of the frond.
2352. Stereocaulon. From states, hard, and xavao, a stem, a name well adapted to express the Peru
liarities of this genus. Its firm branching frond is fitted to occupying the interstices of crumbling granite,
and the cells of volcanic scoriae. It is the first of its tribe which clothes the lava of volcanoes in a state of
decay.
#.S."<rophoron.
The
elegant genusFrom
of
****, a atglobe,
ciga,bytoitsbear,
in reference
the globular
fructification.
Lichens,
onceand
known
branched
bushy to
smooth
habit, like
that of a
ORD.VIIl. TRIBE II.
LICHENS COENOTHALAMI.
971
15638 Crust unif granulat greenish white, Podetia very short cylindr. Apoth. subglob. wrinkl. pale flesh-color
15639 Crust uniform rugose granulat. and pulverulent greenish white, Podetia very short somewhat compressed,
Apothecia flattish at the top sometimes conglomerate reddish brown
15640 Leaves minute somewhat imbricated rounded nearly entire, Podetia simple tubular smooth
15641 Thallus clustered ascending leafy pinnatif cut and crisped: brightgreen above; white beneath, Tubercles
from the disk of leaves convex reddish brown
15642 Crust tartareous cracked smoothish nearly even of a brownish cream-color thinner towards the edges,
Podetia scattered short
simple of the same color as the crust, Apothecia brownish
15643 Crust tartareous greyish white, Podetia at length elongat round. simple or branch. Apoth. brownish-grey
15614 Crust tartareous thin unequal cracked and greyish, Podetia subglobose at length cylindrical simple and
branched, Apothecia dark-brown
15645 Crust cracked areolate warty a little powdery unequal pale sulphur-color, Podetia becoming cylindrical
simple and branched, Apothecia yellowish brown
Crust powdery sulphureous-green, Podetia roundish of the same color, Apothecia pale yellow
15646 Crust somewhat cracked powdery and hoary, Podetia subglobose papillaeform very close together,
Apothecia brown hoary
15647 Thallus greyish branch. and rough with granulat. excrescences, Branches crowded and very much divided,
Apothecia scattered and terminal at length convex conglomerate blackish brown
15648 Thallus palish-brown, Branches lateral elongate lax divaricat, and forked acumi. Apoth. subglobose smth.
15649 Thallus greyish branched, Branches dichotomous short crowded fastigiate naked rounded rather obtuse,
Apothecia globoso-turbinate somewhat warted
15650 Thallus whit branch. Branc. compress ramulose subfibrill. naked, Apoth, subglob depress and smth. above
HOMOTHALAMI.
15651 Thallus rounded somewhat shining livid-brown very much branched, Branches filiform compressed at
the axils, Apothecia of the same color, at length convex entire at the margin
A Thallus and subsimple branches flexuose or tortuose complicated rather rigid greyish-black decumbent
15652 Thallus roundish angular somewhat pitted dichotomous pale-yellowish: the extremities much branched
lax and slender, Apothecia rather concave livid pruinose, at length flattened
15653 Thallus plane linear laciniated greyish-white glabrous but rugose and pitted subreticulated: the ultimate
branches attenuated, Apothecia mostly
plane pale flesh-colored
15654 Thallus compressed glabrous pitted branched glauc. white, Branches thickened and fastigiated upwards,
numerous terminal peltate subsessile white
g Thallus and branches elongated, Branchlets cylindrical attenuated pitted and channelled, Apothecia
subterminal appendiculated beneath
15655 Thallus compressed glabrous somewhat pitted branched yellowish-grey, Branches linear attenuated,
Apothecia scattered on short stalks of the same color as the thallus
15656 Thallus compressed glabrous somewhat pitted bearing powdery warts rigid branched greyish or greenish
white, Branches linear attenuated, Apothecia scattered on short stalks plane somew. margin. whitish
15657 Thallus flat somewhat membranous smooth a little pitted white torn, occasionally powdery with dilated
flat soredia, Apothecia nearly terminal very large
15658 Thallus deep pitchy-brown rounded, or subcompressed smoothish distichously dichotomous, Branches
fastigiate black above, Apothecia plano-convex blackish-brown somew. marginated entire and toothed
15659 Thallus glabrous chesnut-brown round. angular pitted and subcompressed naked, Branches and branchl.
divaricated flexuose aculeated, Apothecia reddish-brown: the circumference somewhat toothed
g Thallus glabrous chesnut-colored plano-compressed, somewhat pitted with the margins denticulate,
Branches and branchlets short patent attenuated, Apothecia spinose-radiate reddish-brown
15660 Thallus black rounded capill suberect branched, Branches fine short scatter pat.: extrem. curved grey.
15661 Thallus glabrous pale yellowish-white roundish suberect branched, Branches short attenuated blackish
at the points, Apothecia brownish pale in the circumference
2354. Alectoria, seems to derive its name from axix rat, unmarried, because nothing has been made out
respecting the male flowers. A. usneoides is a species which grow on trees in warm countries, such as Asia,
Africa, and America, hanging down in branches from six to eighteen inches long: it was used by the Arabian
physicians as a cordial, and also for the of procuring sleep. A. jubata occasionally supplies the rein
deer with food; for which purpose the
p anders cut down the trees, that the Lichen may be devoured from
the topmost branches.
2355. Ramalina. This name does not appear to have any obvious meaning. The species are little bushy
tufts generally covered with soredia. They are found in all parts of the world upon trees and rocks; but
chiefly upon the former.
9356.
nicularia. So called in allusion to the multitude of little horn-like divisions into which the thallus
is divided. Crustaceous branched tufts, with a solid axis.
-
CRYPTOGAMIA.
972
CLAss XXIV.
15662 lanata Arch.
woolly
shrubby
15663 pubscens Ach.
pubescent
entangl. tufts 3 aut.
Bl
rocks
rough patch
Bl
15664 heteromlla E. B. variable

2857. US'NEA. Ach.
# all sea. Gr.B1 rocks
3 aut.
Eng. bot. t.846

Eng. bot, t. 2318
UsNea.
15665 flrida Ach.
flowering
erect
2* ,
old trees
Eng. bot. t.872
15666 plicta Ach.
plaited
pendulous
4 wint.
Gsh
old trees
Eng. bot. t. 257
hairy
nearly erect
2 wint.
Gsh
old trees
Eng bot. t.A35%
bearded
pendulous
4 wint.
Gsh
old trees
Eng. bot. t. 258. f. 2
jointed
pendulous
4 wint.
Gsh
old trees
Eng. bot. t. 258. f. 1
15668 nigrum Ach.
ColleMA.
black
regular patch 3
15609 cheileum Ach.
lipped
round. patch
13 wet w. Bl.G roots of trees
15670 frgrans Ach.
fragrant
small patches
; wet w. D.Ol
trun of elms Eng bot. 1912
15671 crispum Ach.
crisp
round. patch.
A wet w. Gl.
on the grou. Eng bot. 834
A hirta Ach.
15607 barbits Ach.
g articuldta Ach.
2358. COLLE/MA. Ach.
*: # #g
calcar rocks Eng. bot. 1161
15672 tnax Ach.
tough
1 wet w. G
moist places Eng bot. 2349
15673 plictile Ach.
plaited
lobed tuft
1 wet w. Ol.G
wet rocks
15674 fluvile Ach.
floating
many-parted
15675 melae'num Ach.
a wet w. Br
Eng. bot. 2348
calcar rocks Eng bot. 2039
blackish
starry
marginal
imbric. lobes
1 sum.
15676 fasciculre Ach.
fascicled
roundish
2 aut.wi. Br
15677 cretceum Ach.
cretaceous
wrinkled
minute dots
15678 corrugtum Ach.
small patches
15679 palmtum Ach.
palmated
lobed patch
1 spr.su. Br
sand. ground Eng bot. 1635
15680 granultum E. B.
granular
imbric. patch
1} wet w. Br
gravcl walks
lobed patch
3 sum.
A margindle Ach.
15681 multipartitum E.B. many-parted
* wet w. Br
3 wint.
wint.
Ol
Br
D.G
Highlands
Eng. bot. 1924

chalk stones Eng. bot 738
rocks, sea co. Dillenius, t. 19 f 19
Ol.G rocks & walls Eng bot. 2582
15682 saturninum Ach.
dingy
leafy
2 all sea. Bl.G
trun. of trees Eng.bot. 1980
15683 Burgssii Ach.
Burgess's
leafy
2 all sea. Gl.
trun of trees Eng bot 300
15684 nigrscens Ach.
blackish
leafy
2 all sea. D.G
trun. of trees Eng.bot. t.345
15685 flccidum Ach.
flaccid
leafy smooth
2 all sea. D.G
Scotland
15686 frvum Ach.
rough
rugose memb. 2 all sea. D.G
15687 scotinum Ach.
naked
flat patches
1* sum.
Ol
old walls
sinuous
flat patches
1* sum.
Ol
old walls
& sinuatum Ach.
Eng, bot. t. 1653
trun of trees Eng bot. t. 1757
2357. Usnea. This word is said to have originated in the Arabic chneh or chnn, which is, according to
Golius, the name by which the Arabian physicians designate Lichens in general. Crustaceous branchedtuits,
usually hanging down from the substances on which they grow.
ORD.VIII. TRIBE III.
LICIIENS HOMOth ALAMI.
973
15662 Thallus decumbent rounded smoothish dichotomous greyish-black, Branches and branchl. flexuose intri
cate forked at the extremity, Apothecia somew, margined plane: circumference naked and granulated
15663 Thallus decumbent rounded roughish black, Branches intricate capillaceous: the ultimate ones simple,
Apothecia of the same color entire in the circumference
15664 Minutely shrubby densely tufted erect entangled cylindrical corymbose black with palish notched tips
15665 Thallus nearly erect roughish greenish-grey with very numerous fine horizontal fibres, Branches patent
subsimple, Apothecia plane very broad whitish ciliated: the ciliae radiating long
15666 Thallus pendulous smooth pale, Branches lax much divided subfibrillose: the ultimate ones capillaceous,
Apothecia plane broad ciliated, Ciliae slender very long
-8 Thallus nearly erect somewhat
greenish-white very much branched subpulverulent and
roughish, Branches very much divid
exuose intricate attenuated subfibrillose
15667 Thallus pendulous smoothish rounded thickish pale greenish-grey, Branches divergent here and there
fibrillose capillary at their extremity articulated below
e Thallus glabrous greenish-grey glabrous, Branches elongate dichotomously divided articulated, Articul
ations swelling distinct: ultimate branches capillary fibrillose
+ Thallus crust-like, irregular, or uniform. Placvnthium.
15668 Thallus crustaceous roundish brown-black: lobes of the circumference cut crenate; central granular a
little branched, Apothecia becoming convex black-edged
# Thaltus imbricated, plaited, roundish, composed of minute lobes, becoming very turgid when wet. Exchylium.
15669 Thallus suborbicular imbricated: lobes thick; all minute rounded crenulated ascending, Apothecia
nearly plane aggregated of the same color as the thallus: the margin crenulated subevanescent
15670 Thallus roundish: lobes rounded expanded naked thickened at edge crenate ascending, Apothecia scat
tered minute concave dull yellow-brown: exterior margin tumid and unequal
15671 Suborbicular: the central lobes somewhat erect granulated; those of circumference depressed larger obt.
crenulate, Fructification scattered rather concave reddish with a granulated margin
15672 Suborbicular imbricated: lobes thickish flat incumbent roundish cut lobed and crenulate, Apothecia
scattered immersed in the lobes and concave rufous with an entire edge
15673 Suborbicular imbricated: lobes all thick rounded lobed plaited in circles wavy suberect entire, Apothecia
scattered concave whole-colored
15674. Thallus cushion-like formed of thick close blunt complicated lobes, Apothecia somew. marginal roundish
whole-colored: disk urceolate with a double edge
15675 Thallus orbicular somewhat stellated imbricated: lobes cut and laciniated; margins elevat waved crisp.
and crenulated, Apothecia marginal nearly plane of same color as thallus: their margin granulated
s Lobes of the thallus deeply laciniated narrow multifid spreading flexuose nearly plane crenate and lobed,
Apothecia marginal and scattered dark-brown their margin entire
15676 Thallus suborbicular imbricato-plicate: plaits central erect flexuose, Lobes of the circumference rounded
inciso-crenate, Apothecia marginal turbinate fasciculate: disk rather convex reddish
15677 Thallus lobed starry dark green, Apothecium central elevated brownish pink with a paler entire margin
15678 Thallus thick dark-green with elevated intestine-like convolutions
-
Thallus somewhat foliaceous irregular, formed of naked, expanded, thick, turgid, naked lobes. Scytl N1UM.
5679 Thallus subfoliaceous green-brown-glaucous: lobes thick close palmate cut; segments somewhat linear
round, Apothecia rufous brown
15680 Leafy gelatinous fleshy granulated on both sides of a blackish-olive color, its lobes crowded rounded
plaited crisp and cut, Apothecia scattered dark brown
15681 Frond radiating fleshy: segments repeatedly forked fan-shaped crenate convex above concave beneath,
Shields prominent at length blackish and flat
Thallus foliaceous: lobes rounded, downy or fibrous beneath. MallotiuM.
15682 Thallus foliaceous blackish-green glaucous and downy beneath, Lobes rounded waved entire, Apothecia
scattered elevated plane reddish: their margin entire
15683. Thallus foliaceous somew. imbricated glauc. greenish-brown pubescent and somew, spongy beneath, Lobes
rounded sinuated crenulat. and crisped, Apoth. depressed planish brown: their margin foliaceous crisped
Thallus foliaceous: lobes somewhat membranous, lar, naked, dark-green. LATHAGRIUM.
15684 Thallus foliaceous membranous submono-phyllous orbicular depressed plaited rounded and lobed black
green, Apothecia central crowded at len h convex reddish brown their margin entire
15685 Thallus foliaceous membranaceous smooth blackish-green: lobes distinct rounded entire lax waved,
Apothecia scattered nearly plane reddish: their margin thin entire
15686 Thallus foliaceous membranaceous somew, wrinkled complicate blackish-green granulated on both sides:
lobes round unequal waved and crisp. ent Apoth: scattered plane dark-brown: their margin entire
15687. Thallus foliaceous membr. imbr. naked black: lobes small roundish cut nearly entire suberect plaited,
Apoth. scattered sessile whole-colored with an entire edge
e Lobes sinuate cut crisp toothletted
and Miscellaneous Partscuars.
*58. Collema. A Greek word signifying a glutinous substance. All the species are gelatinous, and are
by Collema
Fries to limosum.
be Algae in a Licheniform state. Nostoc caeruleum has been positively
positi
vertible into
stated to be -eon
974
CRYPTOGAM1A.
CLAss XXIV.
15688 tremelloides Ack.
tremella-like half transpar. 1 spring Lead rocks
15689 lcerum Ach.
lacerated
half transpar. 11 spring Gl.
earth
Eng. bot. t. 1989
15690 stubtile Ach.
subtle
starry
earth
Eng. bott. 1008
15691 tenuissimum Ach. very fine
flat patch
15692 Schradri Ach.
small tufts
Schrader's
13 sum.
D.G
2 jul.au. D.Ol dry banks
# june
Y.G
old walls
15693 muscicola Ach.
moss-covering cushion-like
+ spring Br
15694 spongisum Ach.
spongy
large fruit
2359. LEPRARIA. Ach. LEPRAR1A.

15695 chlorina Ach.
brimstone
15696 flva Ach.
yellow
15697 ochrcen E. B.
ochre-colored
15698 virscens E. B.
greenish
A aprea Ach.
Persoon's
Eng bot. 1427
Eng bot. 2284
among moss Eng. bot. 2264

Eng. bot. 1374
ATHA LAMI.
Sp. 4-13.
cushion-like
thin coat
2 wint.
2 wint.
scatter. warts + wint.
granular
# wint.
Sul.
rocks
Bt..Y old pales

G.Y. old trees
Y.G elm trees
PSE UDO-LIChE NES.

2360. OPE'GRAPHA. Ach. OPEGRAPHA.
Sp. 10-35.
15699 nimbsa Ach.
cloudy
variegated
11 all sea. Pa.Y old trees
15700 vensa E. B.
veiny
flat patch
1* all sea pa. Oc. beeches
15701 Personii Ach.
Eng.bot. t. 1981
tartareous
2 all sea. Wsh
Eng bot. 2038

Eng, bot. 1350
Eng bot. 2408
Eng, bot 2149
Eng, bot: 2315

Eng. bot. 24.54
stones
rough
leprous
2 all sea. Wsh
slate&stones
15702 calcrea Ach.
limestone
angular dots
is all sea. Bl
mort., old w. Eng bot. 1790
15703 maculris Ach.
spotted
largish spots
15704 herptica Ach.
eruptive
dotted crust
1 all sea. Pa. Ol bark of trees Eng. bot. 1789
reddish
mealy crust
1 all sea. Pa.Ol bark of trees E. bot. 2347.0, rulella
15705 vulgta Ach
common
scaly
13 all sea. G.W bark of trees Eng bot. 1811
15706 epipsta Ach.
dotted
smooth skin
3 all sea. Gr
smooth bark Eng, bot. 1828
8 microscpica Ach. microscopical smooth skin 3 all sea. Ol

15707 stenocrpa Ach.
narrow-fruited smooth patch. It all sea. Ol
smooth bark Eng. bot. 1911
& disparta Ach.
A denigrta Ach.
15708 ntha Ach.

A diaphora Ach.
+ all sea. Brsh bark of trees E. bot. 2282. 0.epiphogs
spurious
dotted crust
various-fruited dotted crust
blackamoor
cracked crust
Eng bot. 1896
3 all sea. Wsh
old trees
3 all sea. Gr
23il. VERRUCA'RIA. Ach., VERRUCARIA.

15709 mara Ach.
smooth bark
smooth patch. 1* all sea. Pa.G smooth bark Eng bot. 1753
black
Sp. 11-56.
2 aut.
Bi
rocks
Eng. bot. t. 945f
*
-
s-|
**
: |#
-
15691
* Lepraria. Because the plants upon which these substances grow have the appearance of being diseased
with leprosy.
2360 Opegrapha. From o*m. achink,

h
and ypado, to write. The shields or apothecia are cracks upon the
** of the thallus resembling Hebrew or riental characters upon a pale ground.
-
ORD.VIII. TRIBE III.
LICHENS HOMOTHALAMI.
97.5
++++++ Thallus foliaceous: lobes rounded, membranous, thin, naked, cinereous, glaucous, somewhat transparent.
Apothecia slightly stalked. LEProGiuM.
15688 Thallus foliaceous membranaceous thin subdiaphanous lead-color obsoletely rugose and dotted: lobes
rounded somewhat cut, Apothecia scattered subpedicellate plane reddish-brown : their margin pale
15689 Thallus nearly erect foliac. membr. subdiaphan. subrugose with obscure reticulations glauc.: lobes small
subimbr. cut and laciniat. and somew fringed, Apoth. scattered rather concave red: their margins pale
+++++++ Thallus very finely laciniated and branchletted.
15690 Thallus substellate: the segments very narrow linear appressed very much branched obtuse, Apothecia
central nearly plane of the same color as the crust: their margin thin entire
15691 Thallus subimbricated: segm. minute linear multifid unequal granular acute much clustered, Apothecia
scattered fleshy rufous margined
15692 Thallus subcaespitose; segm, linear flat irregularly subdivided rugose obtuse; margins repand obsoletely
crenated, Apothecia scattered of the same color
15693 Thallus pulvinate brown, Branches, rounded nearly erect flexuose uneven subfastigiate rather obtuse,
nearly terminal plane brown margined
15694 Thallus dull-green: segm. aggregate branched granular cylindrical obtuse, Apothecia scattered concave
brown: externally spongy and pale with an erect thin margin
ATHA LAMI.
15695 Crust thick pulvin. bright sulphur-color composed of a dust-like substance collect into somew, hairy glob.
15696 Crust spreading equal thin somewhat cracked bright-yellow composed of subglobose granules
15697 Crust not discernible, Fructification of an ochrey-yellow collected into thin scattered patches
15698 Crustac. granulated continuous somewhat gelatin. : greyish dull-green when dry; bright-green when wet
PSE UDO-LICHENES.
+ Disk of apothecia very narrow, crack-like, somewhat covered in by the conniving tumid margins. HysreRina.
15699 Crust somew. cracked unequal very white, Apothecia clustered minute oval-oblong turgid: disk closed
15700 Crust tartareous determined reddish-white, Clefts immersed convex without any elevated border re
peatedly branched curved parallel and equidistant
15701 Crust tartareous smoothish cohering uneven whitish, Apothecia innate oblong: disk resembling a cleft,
at length rugose waved plaited dissimilar rather confluent with the disk irregular somewhat dehiscent
a Crust tartareous or leprose uneven pulverulent, Apothecia roundish dissimilar waved plaited tortuose
and variously expanded in the disk
15702 Crust tartareous
very white, Apothecia longish straight swelling opaque collected in a stellate
manner: disk like a crack
15703 Crust very thin brownish-black, Apothecia minute much crowded roundish elliptical, at length rugose
irregular: disk very narrow
15704 Crust somewhat membranous very finely cracked rugose roughish cinereous-brown, Apothecia minute
innate clustered convex elliptical oblong straight with a crack-like disk
A Crust membranous smoothish pale-olive or green and rufous-brown, Apothecia variable roundish
oblong straight and curved
15705 Crust between cartilaginous and membranaceous somewhat scaly smoothish greyish-white, Apothecia
sessile long or roundish waved somewhat shining with the disk very narrow
15706 Crust verythin of a regular figure polished cinereous, Apothecia innate minute convex rugulose opaque
various: smaller dot-like; longer very slender flexuose somewhat branched

e Crust verythin shin. pale-olive, Apothecia subellipt simp somew. parallel becoming stellate and angular
15707 Crust membranous polished somewhat bordered whitish, Apothecia sessile various: the smaller globose
or oblong; larger very long narrow roundish flexuose
A Crust regular membranous whitish, Apothecia sessile close together somewhat shining longish flexuose
simple and branched: disk somewhat channelled
Disk of apothecia concave, channelled, or flat, appearing between the separated margins. AlvXoRIA.
15708 Crust cartilagia. lep. white, Apothecia scatter. sess round. and oval deform.: disk flat becoming convex
A Crust cartilaginous membranous dirty-white ash-color, Apothecia variable sessile oblong and tapering at
each end opaque: disk flat
+++ Thallus cartilaginous, membranous, contiguous, polished. LiccPhLEA.

15709 Crust verythin smooth much cracked very black, Apothecia very minute subglobose immersed: the
extremity prominent umbilicated; nucleus blackish
2361. Verrucaria. Thus called, from verruca, a wart, on account of the verrucose nature of the shields.
Schrader says, this genus differs from the similar Eudocarpon in having the shields alwavs closed, while the
latter explodes its contents by a small but distinct orifice.
15710 punctifrmis Ach.

15711 analpta Ach.
CLAss XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
976
dot-like
little-dotted
thin coat
thin coat
2 all sea. Br
3 all sea. Br
sm. ash bark Eng bot. 2412

sm. oak bark Eng bot. 1848
birch bark
15712 epidrmidis Ach.
Epidermis
thin coat
1 all sea. W
15713 stigmatlla Ach.
cinereous
thin coat
15714 ceuthocrpa Ach.
cracked
tessellated
4 all sea. Pa.0l slate rocks
15715 Schradri Ach.

15716 Harrimnni Ach.
Schrader's
Harrimann's
dotted crust
4 all sea. Wsh
15717 plmbea Ach.
lead-colored
lobed patches 1* all sea. Ol
15718 stritula Ach.
striated
cloudy spots
dingy
cloudy spots - # all sea. Pa.G flints
g acrotlla Ach.
all sea. Pa. Br smooth bark Eng. bot. 1891
calca. stones Eng. bot. 1711
small patches 1 all sea. Br.Ol hard rocks
+ all sea. Pa.G flints
ground
mealy tessell. It all sea. G
PoiriNA.
Sp. 1-19.
2362. POR1'NA. Ach.
bored
crust
aut. Cin.
15720 pertusa Ach.
2363. ARTHO'NIA. Ach. Anthonia.
Sp. 4-14.
dull
spotted patch.
all sea. Rsh
15721 impolita E. B.
15724 oliscuira Ach.

15725 lyncea Ach.
Eng. bot. 1712
dry banks
E. b. 1681. L. terrestris
bark of trees Eng bot. 677

Swartz's
astroid
obscure
cracked crust 1, all sea. Wsh smooth bark Eng bot. 2079
speckled
broad masses
2364. GRAPHIS, Ach. GRAPHis.

written
15726 scripta Ach.
A pulverulnta Ach. powdery
2 Crasi Ach.
Eng bot. 2539
limest rocks Eng. bot. 2540
15719 epiga Ach.
15722 Swartzina Ach.

15723 astroidea Ach.
Eng. bot. 2372
Cherry-tree
membranous
warty
all sea. Cin. smooth bark Eng. bot. 1847

3 all sea. D.Ol bar. of old tr. Eng. bot. 1752
3 all sea. Wsh bar. of old tr. Eng bot. 809
Sp. 5-16.
shining crust 14 all sea. Grsh smooth bark Eng, bot. 1813
Eng. bot. "54
thin crust
2 all sea. Pa.Y
trees
thin crust
3 all sea. Y
old cher. tre, Eng. bot. 2301

smooth bark Eng bot. 1756
15727 dendritica Ach.
Tree-like
smooth patch. 1* all sea. Y
15728 serpentina Ach.
serpentine
even crust
15729 Lylli Ach.
Lyell's
cracked crust 4 all sca. Pa-Ol rugged bark Eng. bot. 1876
15730 &legans Ach.
elegant
uneven crust 3 all sea. Pa.Y smooth bark Eng, bot. 1812
3 all sea. Pa.Ol smooth bark Eng bot. 1755
| lis
-
2362. Porina. From ratives, any thing that crumbles away, a name applied in consequence of the nature of
the crust of these plants, which, indeed, is common to them with other Lichens.
2363 Arthonia. A name, the meaning of which is unexplained. The species are similar in habit to Spiloma
and Opegrapha.
Oan. VIII. Think V.
LICHENS PSEU DO-LICHENES.
977
15710 Crust verythin determined polished brown. Apothecia min. hemisph. glob. without orifices: kernel white
15711 Crust membranous determined shining somewhat olive-colored, Apothecia subsessile scattered hemis.
pherical conoid papillose: kernel compressed somewhat membranous white

15712 Crust exceedingly thin spreading quite white, Fructification minute roundish subelliptical, Tubercles
semi-immersed: the interor white
15713 Crust thin cartilaginous membranous polished becoming cracked whitish, Apothecia minute hemisphe
rical clustered subconfluent with scarcely any orifice
++. Thallus nearly solid, somewhat gelatinous... BLENNoRINA.

15714 Crust somewhat gelatinous roundish broken dark crenate cut radiated in the circumference, Apothecia
subglobose immersed papillose at end
+++ Thallus subtartareous, crustaceous, contiguous, cracked into areolar, or powdery. LITHocia.
15715 Crust tartar. contig whitish, Apothecia minute clustered immersed subglobose dirty transparent inside
15716 Crust tartareous contiguous bordered finely dotted mouse-color, Apothecia minute subglobose immersed
with a prominent papilla: dirty-white inside
15717 Crust tartareous contiguous finely cracked subrugose lead-color, Apothecia subglobose innate finely be
coming depressed and scutelliform
15718 Crust with the figure of a tree greenish-black bordered, Areolae nearly separate somewhat branched
radiating, Apothecia conoid becoming concave above
B Areolae of the crust dispersed deformed brownish-black
++++ Thallus soft, cottony, somewhat spongy, or thin and arachnoid. INopenMA.
15719 Thallus thin somew, fibrous uneq pale-yell. Apothecia minute globose immersed with a prominent orifice
15720 Crust equal polished whitish ash-colored, Warts of apothecia subglobose, Orifices several depressed black
15721 Crust white powdery and cracked, Tubercles numerous depressed oblong irregular obtuse yellowish
brown clothed with deciduous mealiness
15722
15723
15724
1572.5
Crust cartilagin membr. white, Apoth. sess broad tum. round, rep irreg, and confl. dark with elevat dots
Crust membr. pale cinereous and glaucescent, Apoth. flatten upon the crust plane angular substell black
Crust membr. somew. olive-col. Apoth. min. flat concav, somew, membr. oval-ellipt. and renif wrink. dark
Crust thin subtartareous equal somewhat cracked white, Apoth. clustered flat somewhat immersed round
oblong and curved black caesious
15726 Crust membranac. smooth somew.shining white or greyish-brown bordered with black, Apothecia half
immersed naked flexu. simple or branch. : disk very narr. marg. formed of the thallus raised membranac.
8 Crust effuse membr. whitish, Apoth. emerging flexuose with a channelled dehiscent caesious disk with an
elevated tumid margin
2 Crust very thin hoary glaucous shining, Apothecia emerging straight long nearly simple acuminate
somewhat parallel: disk channelled
15727 Crust somewhat cartilaginous unequal very white, Apothecia immersed flexuose branched black: branches
divergent forked acute, Disk broad flat naked
15728 Crust cartilaginous membranous unequal rugulose of a regular figure white and cinereous, Apothecia
clustered flexuose nearly simple and branched
15729 Crust membranous polished pale-olive, Apothecia clustered nearly simple curved turgid obtuse: disk
broad convex cinereous pruinose with a thick powdery white margin
15730 Crust orbicular granular smooth white, Apothecia immersed scattered short straight nearly simple:
margin of the perithecium with a longitudinal furrow
-
2364. Graphus.
From zeata, to write. The apothecia are extremely similar in form to the characters of
*une strange language. It is very near Opegrapha from which it does not at all differ in habit.
3 R
678
CRYPTOGAMIA.
Class XXIV
Order 9
FUNGI.
Reproductive organs uniform. Sporules (c) arranged in tubular cells (f) placed in some parts of the extera:
surface.
Substance various (g), mostly thick and fieshy, sometimes vesicular.
none"
IN speaking of the eighth order, Lichens, it has been observed, that they, Algae and Fungi, might be con
sidered collateral.
But perhaps Fungi should be estimated as still lower in the scale of creation than
Lichens. From some passages in the writings of a celebrated Swedish author upon Fungi, Mr. Fries, whose
mode of arrangement is almost entirely adopted here, it would seem as if he considered the three orders to
consist of the same beings altered by the material on which they grow, and organized according to the different
elements upon which they depend for support. Algae, he observes, which are much extended in their native
element, water, when exposed to the air, contract and become Lichens. Thus Nostoc muscorum becomes
Collema limosum, &c.; and Sir James Smith has even decided, that Lichina pygmaea when growing under water
is an Alga, and when above water a Lichen. But the differences between Fungi and Algae, or Lichens, are
greater, and arise out of their essence; that of Fungi being always reproductive, of Algae primitive. In Alg,
the thallus is the most essential part, and the reproductive organs of secondary importance; in Fungi, the whole
plant is generally a mass of reproductive matter, and the thallus always accidental. Fungi always grow upon
dead vegetable matter; Lichens always upon living vegetation. The bark which, when living, bears Lichens,
produces Fungi as soon as it begins to decay: and even on the same half-dead branch, the living side will be
found occupied by Lichens, and the dead by minute Fungi. The lowest Fungi are considered by Fries, to bear
the same relation to plants as Entozoa to animals; for which reason, he is of opinion, that all infusorial plants
are Fungi, and not Algae. But this may be doubted. The number of Fungi which may be conceived to exist
is incalculable. Multitudes have been discovered by the researches of modern observers, and multitudes still
remain to be detected, especially in extra-European countries. In Sweden, in the small space of a square
furlong, where the number of
plants was 420, and of Lichens and Algae 430, Fries discovered
more than 2000 species of Fungi.
The most celebrated writers on Fungi are Micheli, Schaeffer, Bulliard, Bolton, Sowerby, and Greville, for
figures; and Persoon, Link, Nees von Esenbeck, Fries, and Greville, as systematists.
Link defines the essence of a Fungus to be sporules disposed in a series, in elongated tubular cells; the cells
situated in some part of the external surface. The part in which the reproductive organs are
is called
the hymenium (a), the hollow base from which the stem or stipes (a) arises is named the volva (b) or wrapper;
the upper part is the cap or pileus (c), which is provided on the inferior surface with thin radiating expansions,
which are termed gills or lamellae, among which the sporules are situated. Many Agarics have a delicate fringe
connecting the margin of the pileus at a certain age with the stem; this is called the veil (d), and is either
#:
general (universale), when adnate with the surface of the pileus, but becoming obsolete with age; or it is partial
when it extends only from the margin of the pileus to the stipes.
The annulus (d) is a kind of veil, which is
sometimes fixed to the stem, at others free and capable of being moved upwards and downwards. The
Peridium, Perithecium, or Perisporium, are different names for the envelope immediately enwrapping the
sporules.
TRIBE i. HYMENOMYCETES.
Hymenium naked.
Class I.
HYMENIN1 v. AGAR1c1N.E.
Hymenium distinct. Receptacle long or expanded, superior.

Division I.
Pileati.
Receptacle dilated, occasionally branched, having a tendency to an orbicularform. Hymenium inferior.

2365. Agaricus
Hymenium in lamellae.
Asci fired.
Laurellae simple, parallel.
* Stem central, with a veil.
Gills unchangeable.
Sporida white.
1. Amanita. Veil double, universal separate, partial annular somewhat persistent.

2. Lepiota. Veil simple, universal, concrete, annular somewhat persistent.
Observations.
Tribe I. Hymenomycetes. This tribe is readily distinguished from the others by its hymentum containing
sporules within the surface, and not naked; from the Pyrenomycetes by the want of a perithecium and a
reproductive nucleus; from Gasteromycetes by the want of a peridium inclosing the sporules, which constitute
the mass of the fungus, and from the Hyphomycetes and Coniomycetes by the sporidia not being cxposed
Division I. Pileati. This constitutes the most extensive division in Fungi, and includes almost everything
which was known to the ancients. Dioscorides mentions one or two species distinctly, comprehending the remain
der among his eatable and unwholesome kinds. Pliny talks of the very numerous kinds of fungi, but describes
very few. C. Bauhin knew about sixty, which he chiefly obtained from Clusius; Tournefort had two genera
and eighty-seven species; Micheli six genera and about 800 species; Linnaeus three genera and fifty species,
Persoon, in his Synopsis, mentions nine genera and 683 species; finally, Fries describes more than a 10"
species arranged under many genera and subgenera.
The species are widely scattered over all Europe, but the extra European fungi, with the exception of tho
ORDER IX.
FUNGI.
379
3. Armillaria. Veil simple, partial, separate, annular, somewhat persistent.

$4. Limacium. Veil very fugacious, viscid. Lamellae adnate, decurrent.
65. Tricholoma. Veil very fugacious, flocculose, marginal. Lamellae emarginate or rounded.
** Stem central, naked. Gills unchangeable. Sporidia white.
Russula. Pileus fleshy, becoming depressed. Lamellae equal, juiceless
Galorhaeus. Pileus fleshy, becoming depressed. Lamellae unequal, milky.
Pileus fleshy, when young convex. Lamellae unequal, juiceless.
Collybia. Pileus fleshy-membranous, flattish. Small, dry.
Mycena. Pileus membranous, campanulate. Stender. Stipes hollow.
11. Omphalia. Pileus membranous or fleshy-membranous, when young umbilicated.
| #.
*** Stem out of the centre, none. Gills unchangeable. Sporidia white.
$ 12. Pleurotus. Pileus out of the centre or lateral.
**** Stem always central. Weil 0. Gills changing color. Sporidia rose-colored.
13. Mouceron. Pileus fleshy, becoming depressed. Lamellae long, decurrent. Odor of newflour.
14. Clitopilus. Pileus fieshy, convex.
15. Leptonia. Pileus fleshy, membranous, from convex becoming plane. Small.
16. Nolanea. Pileus membranous, campanulate. Slender. Stipes hollow.
17. Eccilia.
Pileus umbilicate.
***** Stem always central.
Lamelle adnate.
Weil like cobweb. Gills changing color, becoming dry. Sporidia ochre-colored.
18. Telamonia. Veil annular, woven, somewhat persistent.
Lamellae distant.
19. Inoloma. , Veil fugacious. Lamellae emarginate. Stipes bulbous. Color something of violet.
$ 20. Dermocybe.
Veil fugacious.
Lamellae closely pack
Stipes equal.
****** Veil distinct, not like a cobweb. Gills discolored, somewhat persistent. Sporidia ferruginous.
! 21.
22
Pholiota. Veil dry, annular.

Myracium. Veil viscid, fugacious.
Lamellae affixed.
$ 23. Hebeloma. Veil marginal, fugacious. Lamellae emarginate.
******* Veil veryfugacious or spurious, not like a cobweb. Gills discolored, somewhat persistent. Sporidia
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Jerruginous.
Flammula. Pileus fleshy, convex, smooth, somewhat viscid. Lamellae not emarginate.
Inocybe. Veil formed of the longitudinal fibres of the fleshy convex pileus. Lamellae whitish.
Naucoria. Pileus fleshy, membranous, flattish, squamulose. Small. Lamellae cinnamon-colored
Galera. Pileus membranous, campanulate. Slender. Stipes hollow.
Tapinea. Pileus umbilicate, villous at edge.
Crepidotus. Pileus out of the centre or sessile.
******** Veil present, not unlike a cobweb.

30. Volvaria.
Veil universal, separate.
31, Psalliota.
Veil annular.
Gills becoming discolored, cloudy, dissolving. Sporidia
brownish-purple.
A volva.
32. Hypholoma. Veil marginal, fugacious. Lamellae emarginate. Stipes bulbous.

33. Psilocybe. Veil very fugacious. Pileus somewhat fleshy, and stipes equal, tenacious.
34. Psatyra. Pileus membranous, and stipes brittle.
35. Coprinarius. Lamellae with a tendency to deliquesce. Veil partial. Sporidia black.
2366 Coprinus. Hymenium in lamellae, which finally become deliquescent. Asci separate with sporidia in
four rows.
2.367. Gomphus.
Hymenium in lamellae, which are long branched and decurrent.
Pileus turbinate,
umbonate.
2368. Cantharellus. Hymenium veined. Veins dichotomous, subparallel, sometimes anastomosing.

2369. Merulius. Hymenium veined. Veins flexuose, or forming very irregular pores. Plants sessile,
resupinate or effused.
2370. Schizophyllum. Hymenium in lamellae. Lamellae bifid, lengthwise revolute.
2371. Daedalea. Hymenium sinuous, composed of anastomosing lamellae or flexuose elongated pores.
2372. Polyporus. Hymenium porous, not separable from the substance of the pileus nor the pores from each
other. Pores sometimes lacerating in age. Pileus very rarely with a central stipes.
1. Favolus. Pores ample, with four or six angles resembling an honeycomb.
2. Microporus. Pores minute, roundish.
3. Polysticta. Dots superficial only.
2573. Boletus. Hymenium tubular. Tubes separable from the pileus and from each other. Pileus always
with a central stipes.
2374. Fistulina. Hymenium tubular. Tubes loose, the young ones closed.
2375. Hydnam. Hymenium subulate. Subulae loose.
2:576. Sistotrema. Pileus carnose, irregularly stipitate. Hymenium composed of dentate, interrupted
lamellae.
2,77. Phlebia. Hymenium rugose, formed of long or confluent papillae.
2378. Thelephora. Plant with very few exceptions more or less aduate, thin, coriaceous, very rarely infundi
buliform. Hymenium covering the outer surface.
2. Phylacteria. Sporidia four in a row. Resupinate and growing on the earth.
3. Himantia. Effuse resupinate, when young byssoid. Sporidia few, innate in the hymenium, which is
smooth and naked in the middle.
4. Leiostrona. Resupinate, somewhat contiguous, smooth, or with spurious papiliae. Asci none.
-
Observations.
on the coasts of Barbary, and a few from North America, are almost universally distinct from the European
kinds. They are found growing on the earth, or in decayed wood, or similar substances; never upon rocks.
Those which have been described as natives of vaults and places underground, are believed to be mere
monstrous formations. They are in greatest perfection in warm rainy weather, being chiefly the creations of
summer and autumn; a few only appear in the spring, and scarcely any in the winter. The duration of the
ileate fungi is often only ephemeral ; some last from a week to a fortnight; and a few for a longer time. The
Daedaleae and Polypori are often called perennial, but it is the opinion of Fries, that their substance decays, and
is only covered yearly by a fresh layer of pores. The roots of many of those which grow upon trees is peren
nial; of others merely annual.
When crude they are mostly poisonous, with a mucilaginous taste, which is often acrid, but they become less
dangerous by cooking. The dangerous qualities of some of the kinds is attributable to the larvae with which
they are infested.
3 R 2
CRYPTOGAMIA.
980
Division II.
CLAss XXIV.
Clavati.
Receptacle long, simple, or branched, with a tendency to a cylindrical form, not margined. Hymenium superier.
Asci fired.
* Hymenium occupying the whole surface. Asci distinct. No distinct stem.

2379. Clavaria. Plant carnose, cylindrical, simple or branched. Hymenium smooth, occupying almost the
whole surface, confluent with the stipes.
2380. Calocera. Plant branched or simple, cylindrical, homogeneous, corneous, gelatinous, viscid. Growing
on wood.
** Hymenium only occupying the end. Asci long. Head separate from stem, simple.
2381. Geoglossum, Hymenium short, club-shaped, mostly compressed, stipitate. Stipes elongated, smooth or
hairy.
Plants black or dull green.
2382. Spatularia. Hymenium club-shaped, separate, compressed, running down the stipes on each side, .
bearing the asci at the upper end.
2383. Mitrula. Hymenium clavate, ovate, closely surrounding at the base the stipes, which is distinct.
*** Hymenium only occupying the end. Asci obsolete. Head separate from stem.
2384. Typhula. Hymenium thin, subcylindrical, persistent, terminating the capillary stipes.
**** Hymenium covering the whole surface, but bearing sporules at the end only, without asci.
2385. Pistillaria. Simple, contiguous, linear or clavate. Sporidia emerging at end.
Class II.
UTERIN1 v. ElvellAce E.
Hymenium distinct, superior, margined. Receptacle urceolate or reflexed, always inferior.

Division 1.
Receptacle pileiform, bullate, never closed.
Mitrati.
Hymenium neither margined nor discoid.
2386. Morchella. Pileus lacunose, confluent with the stipes either at the margin or a little above it. Hy
menium occupying the whole outer surface.
2387. Helvella. Pileus submembranaceous, irregular, smooth on each surface, deflexed at the sides. Hyne.
nium occupying the whole outer surface.
2388. Perpa. Pileus conical-deflexed, equal.
Hymenium smooth or rugose.
2389. Leotia. Pileus ovate-conical or orbicular, wholly occupied by the hymenium, the margin free, but
closely embracing the stipes.
Division II.
Cupulati.
Receptacle cupulate, equal. Hymenium discoid, when young somewhat closed, surrounded by the margin of the
receptacle.
2390. Peziza. Pileus mostly carnose, sessile or stipitate, more or less cup-shaped at length sometimes plane.
Hymenium
rth.
"# the disk.
1. Aleuria. Fleshy, or fleshy-membranous, pruinose or scurfy with flocculent matter, Usually on
ert
2. Lachnea. Waxy, hairy or villous externally.

3. Phialec.
2391. Ascobolus.
Usually on wood.
Waxy or membranous, rarely gelatinous, smooth, naked.
4. Helotium.
Plano-convex.
On wood.
On wood.
Pileus carnose, cup-shaped or hemispherical.
Sporuliferous cells in the disk, forming
prominent points filled with a fluid intermixed with the eight sporules.
Observations.
Division II. Clavati. Scarcely any traces of these fungi can be discovered in the writings of the ancients,
Clusius described a few. Tournefort confounded them with corals and Lycoperdons. Holmskioid and
Persoon are the principal modern writers upon this tribe.
Almost all the species of which there is any certain knowledge are European. The genuine kinds are terre
trial; those which are found upon wood, being transitious to other orders. In vaults or caverns they become
unusually developed, and the asci, on account of the excessive supply of moisture, expand and become
flocculent. Most are found in the autumn; the branched kinds are often what are termed meteoric, that is to
say, spring up suddenly after heavy falls of rain. They seldom last more than fourteen days.
of
In
qualities
are mild,
some
bitter are
taste,
but inthe
greatestand
number
are almost
entirely
destitute
,
color,they
or taste.
Many
of having
the largea kinds
used
cookery,
are eaten
by various
herbivorous
animals.
Class II. , Uterini. , The natural form of the receptacle is cupulate, but in the most perfect kinds, the
cupula is reflexed, and is called a mitra; in the least perfect, which are innate in the matrix, the receptacle is
almost wholly obliterated. The resupinate Pileat are distinguished from these by their immarginate form,
and by their asci.
Division I. Mitrati. A small division, apparently wholly unknown to the ancients. The species are almost
entirely European; a few are found in North America and Siberia. It is probable, however, from the evidence
of Loureiro and others, that some peculiar genera and species exist within the tropics. They are generally
fond of a humid shady station. None are found in subterraneous places. If an individual is occasionally
produced upon wood, it is upon such as is wholly decayed. Many spring up in the autumn and spring; they
are rarely meteoric, but some appear in greater abundance in one kind of season than in another. Most of
them
lastqualities
for a fortnight,
and retain
form and
when
dry
Their
are generally
mild, their
nutritive,
juiceless;
one is said to be bitter. They are little infested
-
by larvae.
Several are used as food.
Division II. Cupulati. These are included in the Fungoides of the old botanists. The species which are
separate from their thallus and much developed, are little changed by the places in which they grow, and ar:
therefore the same in the most remote countries; but the eruptive or innate species, which are more affected
by
the nature
substance
by which
theya fungus
are fed,is innate
are liable
to substance
greater changes
when their
*
altered.
For itofis athe
general
rule, that
the more
in the
which produces
it, matrix
the more
it is not only imperfect, but affected by its situation, and vice-versa. Hence Caeoma, which is of a very low
order, consists of as many species as the plants upon which it grows, just as a vowel forms as many distinct
words as it is combined with distinct consonants,
The Clavati and Pileati, which chiefly depend upon the access of light, are in perfection from spring, to
autumn; the Elvellaceae from autumn to spring. The Cupulati also depend much upon the operation of light,
for in caverns or cellars they remain closed and sphaeria-like. Such is the case with Peziza cerina, which in
dark places, undergoes many metamorphoses; and Cenangium under similar circumstances, when, some
obstacle
offered to
thethe
developement
of its hymenium,
Generally
terrestrial
agree
in ishabitude
with
preceding divisions,
but thosebecomes
which deliquescent.
are eruptive are
often inthe
perfection
forsort:
half
a year together.
. Class III. Tremellini. These are nearly akin te the Pileati and Clavati, especially to Thelephora and
aloccia; and also to Elvellaceae, more particularly to Hygromitra, Peziza, Mollisia, Bulgaria, and Ditioia,
but they are listinguished without difficulty by the characters assigned to them.
Formerly all the genera were confounded under one, along with various species of Lichens and Alg. The*
ORDER IX.
FUNGI.
o: Bulgaria.
981
Cupula closed at first Asci immersed, with paraphyses, becoming separate and bursting out.
e'ldrendths.
3. Ditiola. Hymenium becoming plaited and deliquescent Cupula open. Veil universal. Corky.
394. Cenangium.
Cupula
closed,* but opening finally.
Somewhat
coriaceous. Hymenium smooth,* persistent,* rarely deliquescent."
q
i
3. Stictis. Hymenium smooth, immersed. Cupula obliterated. Hymenium persistent.
6 Cryptomyces. Spreading, quite adnate, emerging, nearly plane, carnose. Hymenium covering the
whole surface. Thecae erect. Sporidia large, oval.
Class III. TREMEllini.
Hymenium confounded with a gelatinous receptacle. Sporidia separate. Asci none.

23.7. Tremella. Receptacle gelatinous homogeneous, fructifying in all directions, without papillac. Sporidia
nearly emerging.
1. Coryne.
o
Fleshy gelatinous, somewhat clavate.
# #":
Somewhat cartilaginous, expanded, leafy.
eceptacle gelatinous, homogeneous, covered on the upper surfa
2398. Sporidia
Eridia.
nium.
with elasticity.
og
ppe
ce
!
only
by a papillose hyme
-
239, Dacrynyces. Receptacle gelatinous, homogeneous, filled with assurgent flocci, and sporidia placed in
layers inside.
When young compact, but finally deliquescent.
2400. Agyrium. Receptacle spherical, smooth, compact, waxy, when humid gelatinous, finally crumbling
away in sporidia.
2401. Hymenella. Recepacle flattened, adnate, smooth, like soft leather, very thin, persistent.
2402. Naematelia. Receptacle gelatinous, surrounding a compact heterogeneous nucleus. Sporidia emerging.
Class IV.
Sclerotiaceae.
Hymenium confounded both with the fleshy receptacle and the sporidia. Asci none.
". Elongated, somewhat clavate, with a coat of a similar substance, distinctly fructifying
2403.
at the end.
2404. Sclerotium. Subglobose, or without regular form within, homogeneous, vesiculose, carnose, or corneous.
Sporules unknown.
2405. Rhizoctonia. Deformed, united with a similar persistent coat by means of root-like fibres proceeding
from all points of its surface.
2406. Periola. Rootless, fleshy, covered entirely by a villous persistent coat.

2407. Acinula. Rootless, smooth, with a distinct farinaceous granular coat.
2408. Erysiphe. Sporangium, epiphyllous, very minute, globose, furnished with white radiating subjacent
filaments, and containing sporuliferous bodies.
TRIBE II.
GASTEROMYCETES,
Fungus entirely closed, and bearing sporidia in the centre, and so forming an uterus.
Class I.
ANGiogastres.
Uterus finally bursting forth, separate from the receptacle. Sporidia lodged in the receptacle.
Division I.
Phalloideae.
Receptacle separate, open on account of the bursting of the uterus. Sporidia placed in a mucous layer.
2409. Phallus. Stipes issuing from a volva. Pileus furnished with large cells filled with a sporuliferous
slimy substance.
Observations.
are by modern writers now referred to their proper stations. The genus Mycoderma of Persoon, to which
are referred those tough skin-like coatings which are found, upon vegetable extracts enclosed in bottles, and
which is generally placed among Tremellini, is thought by Fries to be not of a vegetable nature.
The species at present known are found in Europe, Asia, and North America, but no material difference
seems to be caused in them by their native country. All the species, with one exception, are epiphytes; the
most perfect bursting forth from the bark of trees; the least
occurring on decorticated wood, the stems
of herbs, &c. &c. The more the wood is dried, the nearer the species approach to Lichens; the more it is
humid to Algie. They are in perfection in the latter part of autumn, winter, and early spring, but scarcely any
are found in the summer. Some live for a month or more; others appear to be perennial. When dry they
are not to be recognized; they may nevertheless be preserved, and if moistened, they recover their original
appearance... It must be observed, that they are in all cases to be examined in a wet and tumid state.
'' qualities are refrigerant, and but little known. They are destitute of smell and taste, for which
reason, and on account of their mucilaginous texture, scarcely any species is eatable. Many of the large kinds
were formerly used in medicine in cases of ophthalmia, under the name of the Jew's ear. Vinegar in
which they had been steeped was also used as a gargle in tumors of the throat, according to Clusius. Tremella
fimbriata is said to furnish a dye, and the sporidia of T. mesenterica to dye yellow. Dacrymyces destroys
timber.
Class IV. Sclerotiaceae. The affinity of this class is complex; for the lower we descend, the less differences
are to be found between natural bodies. Thus Sclerotiacci are not only closely connected with the preceding
divisions, but have a more or less obvious relation to all the hymenine and
classes of other tribes.
Before the time of Tode, a most sagacious observer, who was the first to distinguish the Sclerotia from other
fungi, a very few species only were known, which were confounded with Lycoperdon, Sphaeria, Tuber, and other
genera. He was followed by various other mycologists, and especially by Decandolle, who described thirty
nine species. Tode, Persoon, and Link, have been unable to detect any fructification; Decandolle, Ehren
berg, and Fries, declare that the sporidia are scattered through the whole mass of the fungus, and emerge from
it like hoar-frost.
Most of the known species are epiphytes, either upon living or recently dead plants. When
wing in
cellars and subterraneous places they undergo no alteration, but they do not fructify. They flourish most in
the winter, late in the autumn, and early in the spring; and are exceedingly common just at the retreat of
winter. A very few Spermodia only are found in the summer. Their odor and smell are either incon
spicuous or nauseous. None of the species at least are eatable. Those which grow on rotten seeds are exceed
ingly poisonous. Some feed on the roots of living plants, which they destroy; others infest sickly herbs, whence
they are a pest to
the farmers.
Tribe II. Gasteromycetes. These fungi consist of concrete cells; they have a determinate figure and a
tendency to a spherical form; at first they are closed, but finally are furnished with an orifice; or burst in an
irregular manner, and emit an internal mass of reproductive matter, which either crumbles to pieces or
deliquesces. The integument is of various natures, either a volva, a peridium, or perithecium, of a somewhat
bladdery texture; and is simple or double, but rarely multiple. They almost all, when young, are fluxile or
soft, or have some part or another of a fluid nature; afterwards they become indurated and rigid, and assume
their true forms.
Class I. Angiogastres. These are fungi of remarkable forms, and most unusual mode of fructifying; they
were well known to Clusius, not to mention the celebrated Truffle of which Theophrastus had knowledge.
They are found in different climates; but the most perfect only in temperate regions. The latter are
3 R 3
Class XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
982
2410. Batarrea. Head hemispherical, crumbling to pieces under the vertex into a little tuft of hairs bearing
sporules. Stipes smooth. Involucrum triple, flowing with mucilage.
Division II. Tuberaceae.
Sporangia membranous, scattered in an hymenium which is often grated with veins, and inclosed in the uterms.
Sporidia pulpy at first.
2411. Tuber. Uterus closed, marbled with veins inside. Sporangia stalked, scattered among the veins.
-
Subterraneous.
412. Rhizopogon. Uterus sessile, bursting with irregularity, with anastomozing veins inside. Sporangis
sessile. Above ground.
Division III.
Nidulariaceae.
Uterus filled with separate sporangia.
Nidularia. Common peridium simple. Sporangia lenticular, fleshy, with sporidia in heaps in the
middle.
2414. Myriococcum. Peridium simple, flocculent-furfuraceous, disappearing. Sporangia globosc, with

sporidia in round heaps.
2415. Polyangium. Peridium simple, membranous. Sporangia oblong, filled with a grumous mass.
Division IV. Carpoboli.
Uterus protruding a solitary separate sporangium.
2416. Atractobolus. Peridium cupulaeform, with a lid. Sporangium fusiform, with mucous sporidia.
2417. Thetebolus. Peridium sessile, urceolate-ventricose with an entire orifice.
with mucous sporidia.
Sporangium papillaeform,
2418. Pilobolus. Stipes or receptacle pellucid, watery. Peridium a roundish vesicle, bursting elastically,
placed on the apex of the receptacle.
2419. Sphaerobolus. Peridium double, both stellate; the inner membranous by inversion throwing out with
-
elasticity a globose sporangium, bearing in the middle heaped sporidia.

Class II.
PYRENoMycetes.
Uterus genuine, forming the receptacle. Sporidia disposed in asci in regular rows.
Division I. Sphaeriacei.
Perithecium closed, perforated by an orifice, filled by an ascigerous somewhat deliquescent nucleus.
2420. Xylaria. Receptacles stipitate, carnose or suberose. Spherules immersed in the receptacle, and con
2421. Stromatosphaeria. Receptacle sessile, free, or bursting from beneath the bark of dead wood. Spherules
taining a gelatinous sporuliferous mass.

immersed.
2422. Cucurbitaria. Spherules tufted, free, fixed on a receptacle, rarely at first included. Receptacle burst
ing through the bark.
2423. Cryptosphaeria., Receptacle O. Spherules scattered or aggregate, lying beneath the epidermis or bark,
orifice various more or less exserted.
2424. Heterosphaeria. (See Notes.)

2425. Sphaeria. Receptacle O. Spherules sessile on the surface or slightly immersed.
2426. Lophium. Perithecium vertical, compressed, dehiscing by a longitudinal somewhat closed cleft Asca
crumbling away.
Division II.
Cytisporei.
Closed, perforated by an orifice. Asci none ; sporidia surrounded by a little bag or thin cellule, deliquescent
2427. Sphaeronema. Perithecium opening by a pore, enclosing in a very thin bag some mucous sporidia,
which burst forth and become indurated in a globose form.
2428. Septaria. (See Notes.)
Naked.
-
2429. Cytispora. Cellular-many-celled; cells deformed, membranous, united at ends. Nucleus gelatinous,
filled with sporules, propelled through the common elongated orifice.
2430. Phoma. Nucleus grumous, enclosed in a tubercle. Sporidia emitted by a simple orifice without
-
regularity.
Division III.
Phacidiacei.
Perithecium finally bursting, with an open disk. Asci erect, fired.
2431. Dothidea. Nucleus inclosing immersed cellules. True perithecium obliterated. Asci erect, remain
2432. Rhytisma. Perithecium deformed, bursting into transverse fragments by means of a flexuose crack
2433. Phacidium. Receptacle O. Perithecia sessile, depressed, bursting from the centre towards the circum
ing for a long time.
ference in several acute
Sporuliferous cells elongated, fixed.
2434. Hysterium. Perithecia mostly oblong, black, corneous, bursting by a longitudinal slit. Sporuliferous
tubes erect. (Crust none.)
Division IV. Xylomacei.
Asci obsolete. Sporidia innate.
2435. Actinothyrium. Perithecium buckler-like, with radiating fibres covering the fusiform sporidia.
Leptostroma. Perithecium uniform, without an orifice, but entirely separating and exposing a very
2437. Xyloma. Black, corneous. Perithecia single, solitary and minute, or united and confluent, irregu
h'
thin disk.
larly dehiscent.
Observations.
terrestrial; the imperfect kinds being inhabitants either of plants or of the dung of animals. Many are
meteoric, flourishing most in Jove tonante, densisque cadentibus imbris;" others are ephemeral; some exist
for a month and more.
The Phalloideae are generally very faetid, cold, and venomous; one species is accounted in China a vulnerary,
and also a food, but of doubtful quality. The old physicians had some peculiar notions about their use in
arthritis, &c. but they are not worth repeating. The Tuberaceae have a peculiar smell, which is often grateful;
aphrodisiacal.
nutritive,
esculent,
irritating; their qualities
taste
their
complex, for which reason, there is much
very
class isand
of this
The affinity
II. is Pyrenomycetes.
Class
difference of opinion among authors as to its limits. In fructification it approaches fungi of a higher degree of
it is readily distinguished by its *.
which
from
Angiogastres,
the
resembling
hand
on
one
developement;
rate receptacle; on the other hand, the Cupulati, whose differences depend upon the definition of their
perithecium. In point of vegetation it descends, first, to Sclerotiaceae, which are entirely different, in the
absence of an uterus and nucleus ; secondly, to Perisporia, which have no distinct perithecium, and no asci;
-
thirdly, to several genera of Coniomycetes
-----
ORDER IX.
FUNG1.
2438. Lasiobotrys. (See Notes.)

2439. Asteroma Black, minute, epiphyllous.
ty'ss
Receptacle radiate, filamentous, very adnate, at lengtn
tubercled here and there.

Class III.
Taichospermi.
Uterus genuine, forming a receptacle. Sporidia intermired with flocci.

Division I. Lycoperdinei.
Uterus of a determinate figure, fleshy when young. Flocci copious.
2440. Onygena. Subglobose with a fibrous stipes. Peridium crustaceous, fragile, with interwoven fibres.
Sporules naked, compactly clustered.
2441. Tulostoma. Globose stipitate. Involucrum none. Peridium opening by a bordered pore in the
summit. Sporules scattered in it.
2442. Scleroderma. Sporangium globose or prolonged into a stipes. Peridium single, coriaceous, mostly
warty, bursting at the apex or subdehiscent. Sporules collected into little contiguous distinct globules mixed
with filaments.
2443. Lycoperdon. Sporangium globosc. Peridium single, membranaceous, scaly, with warts or soft spines
bursting irregularly at the apex, and containing a mass of sporules and filaments.
2444. Bovista. Sporangium globose. Peridium double; the outer one adnate, cracking, somewhat fugacious;
inner one bursting at the apex, and containing a mass of filaments and pedicellated sporules.
2445. Geastrum. Globose sessile. Involucrum coriaceous, stellate. Peridium membranous. Sporules on
stalks from the first.
Division II.
Trichocisti.
Uterus regular, when young pulpy. Sporidia having numerous flocci scattered among them.
2446. Craterium. Peridium oblong, stipitate, operculate, containing a cellulose, filamentous, sporuliferous
mass.
2447. Stemonitis. Cylindrical or subglobose. Peridium fugacious. Filaments forming a reticulated mass,
perforated by the stipes to which they are attached. Sporules intermixed.
2448. Cribraria. Globose stipitate. Peridium crumbling to pieces at the summit in cracks.
2449. Dictydium. Globose stipitate. Peridium crumbling to pieces entirely or for the most part.
24.50. Arscyria. Mostly cylindrical. Peridium fugacious, except a small portion at the base. Filaments
abundant, reticulated, fixed at the base. Sporules intermixed.
2451. Leangium. Minute subglobose. Peridium single, membranaceous, bursting into subregular, persistent,
expanding segments. Filaments attached at the base and surrounding a columella.
2452, Trichia. Minute subglobose or irregular. Peridium single, membranaceous, bursting. Filaments
involute attached at the base, and expanding elastically.
2453. Diderma. Minute subglobose. Peridium double; the outer one fragile and fugitive. Sporules mixed
with a few filaments and surrounding a roundish columella.
2454. Physarum. Sporangium minute, mostly stipitate, subglobose. Peridium single, membranaceous,
bursting and deciduous in distinct portions. Sporules mixed with a mass of filaments.
2455. Leocarpus. Minute. Peridium single, fragile, bursting, sessile or substipitate, containing a black mass
of sporules mixed with a few filaments. Columella O.
-
Division III. Fuliginoidei.

Uterus somewhat deformed, sessile, when young pulpy. Sporidia separated by flocci.
2456. Lycogala. Sessile globose or subirregular, pulpy when young. Peridium single, fragile, variously
dehiscent. Sporules mixed with a few filaments.
2457. Spumaria. Form irregular, roundish, effused. Peridium soft, at length membranaceous, fragile.
Sporules contained in the folds of branched, elongated, membranaceous, persistent processes.
Division IV. Liceoidei.
Flocci obsolete.
2458. Dichosporium. Flattened hemispherical.

Sporules in globose masses.
Peridium membranous, coated with a layer of granules.
2459, Licea. Peridium membranaceous, sessile, fragile, inclosing a pulverulent mass of sporules unmixed
with filaments.
(No subjacent membrane.)

Class IV.
Mucoronnel.
Peridium formed of flocci loosely woven together, vanishing in the middle. Sporidia in heaps.
2460. Mucor. Peridium membranaceous, globose, stipitate, pellucid, at length opake. Pedicel simple or
branched, tubular, articulated.
2461. Thamnidium. Stipes branched at base; branches bearing solitary globules at their end. Peridium
globose.
2462. Ascophora. Peridium membranaceous, stipitate, bursting at length, turned inside out, convex and
subpersistent. Pedicel simple or branched, tubular, pellucid, articulated.
-
Class W.
PerispoRIA.
Perisporium thin, somewhat membranous, bursting. Sporidia immersed, scarcely distinct.

2463. Eurotium.
Peridia membranous, subglobose, with an articulated floccose innate receptacle.
Sporules
naked in masses.
2464. Amphisporium. Subglobose. Peridium membranous, thin. Sporules naked of two forms.
Observations.
Its extent is very great, ascending from the most simple forms to those which are very compound, but at the
same time connected with the former by the most strict natural ties. The true place of the genera in the
system has been a subject of doubt. Many authors have taken them for fungi in the most perfect state. Decan
' excludes them from fungi, and, with some analogous Lichens, refers them to a peculiar intermediate
amily.
They are found in every part of the world in which vegetation exists; for every 1: plant and all its
decaying parts nourish Pyrenomycetes. The chief families of trees in the European Flora upon which they
flourish are Coniferae, Amentaceae, Rosaceae, Ericeae, Rhamnoideae, Acerinae, and Tiliaceae, and of herbs.
Gramineae, Umbelliferae, and Liliaceae. Many are peculiar to certain species of trees, and others are common
to many species. For example, on the Betula alba may be found about ten peculiar species, and from forty to
fifty which are common to it and other trees. Their qualities are unknown. Many species which are included
by Fries under the name of Ectostroma, are probably not vegetables, and are here omitted.
3 R4
CRYPTOGAMIA.
984
Tribe III.
CLAss XXIV.
HYPHOMYCETES.
Thallus flocculent.
Class I. CEPHAllotRichl.
Receptacle distinct, covered over with flocci, with sporidia scattered among them.
2465. Ceratium. Filaments very short, pellucid, simple, minute, attached to a membranaceous, plicate
simple or branched, filiform receptacle.
2466. Isaria. Filaments minute and pellucid, attached to an elongated, simple or branched, clavate, carnose
receptacle.
Class II.
Stilboidei.
Fibres grown together upon the receptacle. Sporidia inclosed in a separate naked head.
2467. Stilbum. Minute. Stipes slender, bearing a little round solid head, which is pellucid and semifluid at
first, at length more dense and opake.
Class III.
INoMYcetes.
Fibres genuine, somewhat separated by divisions. Receptacle none. Upon putrescent organic matter.
Division I.
Byssacei.
Opakefibres, bearing sporae inside, when fertile jointed, when sterile contiguous. Repel mcisture.
2468. Torula. Thallus composed of branched, rigid, fragile, moniliform, subopake filaments, the articula
tions minute, globose.
2469. Monilia. Fibres numerous, erect, opaque, distinctly articulated, permanent. Articulations ovate
2470. Racodium. Thallus composed of branched, decumbent, interwoven, jointless, persistent, subopake
filaments, among which are sometimes granules of moniliform filaments.
2471. Dematium. Fibres decumbent or ascending, rigid, opake, branched, continuous in all directions,
rmanent.
P': Cladosporium. Thallus composed of erect, rigid, subopake, jointed, simple or branched, aggregate
filaments. Sporules ovate, attached in a series to the filaments, deciduous.
2473. Helicosporium. Fibres erect, rigid, nearly simple, opake. Sporules spiral, remotely jointed, some that
are fugacious scattered among them.
-
2474. Ozonium. Thallus composed

"#":
ultimate ones fine-jointed.
of decumbent, branched, entangled filaments: primary ones thick,

-
- --
2475. Rhizomorpha. Receptacle much branched, elongated, coriaceous or ligneous. Perithecia arising from
the branches, mostly clavate, dehiscent at the apex.
Division II.
Mucedines.
Flocci pellucid, with dissepiments, bearing sporae on the outside.
2476. Sepedonium. Thallus formed of entangled filaments, spreading within putrefying fungi. Sporidia
scattered, globose. (Bright yellow.)
- -
2477. Acremonium. Thalius composed of decumbent, entangled, branched, pellucid filaments. Sporidia
richum. Thallus minute, tufted or expanded. Sporidia scattered among the branched, tubular
globose, solitary, pedicellate.

2478. S
jointed filaments.
a:
--
Trichothecium. Filaments minute, branched, forming a tufted thallus. Sporidia scattered, subglobose,
idymous.
2480. Acrosporium. Thallus composed of minute, tufted, pellucid, moniliform, simple filaments, the upper
2481. Botrytis. Thallus composed of decumbent, entangled, branched, pellucid filaments. Sporidia globose,
most joints (sporidia) separating spontaneously.
- -
solitary, pedicellate.
2482. Aspergillus. Thallus composed of minute, pellucid, scattered or tufted filaments, apex of the main
filament mostly clavate, on which is a head of (often beaded) sporidia.
-
2483. Stachylidium. Thallus composed of tufted, pellucid filaments: sterile ones procumbent; fertile ones
erect, whorled, with ramuli near the top, among which the sporidia are collected.
2484. Penicillium. Thallus composed of tufted, pellucid filaments: sterile ones procumbent; fertile ones erect,
bearing a terminal pencil-like tuft of erect ramuli, to which the sporidia are attached.
2485. Trichodermia. Sporidia collected in the centre, free, the filaments woven into a web-like covering, at
length opening at the apex and discharging the globose sporidia.
-
Class IV.
PHYLLERIAcEE.
Fibres spurious, contiguous, bearing spora inside. Receptacle none. On living leaves.
$486. Rubigo. Fibres infundibuliform or clavate, twisted, situated in patches upon sickly leaves.
$487, Erineum. Peridia flocciform, subdiaphanous, various, subsimple, aggregato-ca spitose, parasitic on
living leaves. Sporules sometimes, but rarely evident.
-
Tribe IV.
CONIOMYCETES.
Sporidia naked, without any heterogeneous receptacle.

Class I.
Tubencularie.
Sporidia naked, simple, scattered over the receptacle.
9488. Tubercularia.
Sporangium subglobose, sessile, or somewhat stipitate, carnoso-vesiculose (not
gelatinous). Sporidia towards the circumference (color mostly red).
2489. Fusarium. Minute, subglobose, naked, almost wholly formed of fusiform, free, jointless sporida.
2490. Exosporium. (See Notes.)
Observations.
Tribe III. Hyphomycetes. Distinguished from other tribes by their flocculent thallus. In no other tribe
do flocci occur in so perfect a state of developement, although they undoubtedly exist as subordinate organs"
the Uterini and Hymenomycetes.
Class
IV. obvious
Phyiteriaceae.
TheseRubi,
are perhaps
states
of the
integuments
of plants.
This"
least
seems
in Phyllerium
Gei, &c. morbid
which are
nothing
butouter
the hairs
of the leaves
in a clustered
and somewhat altered form. This also may be the reason why there are no sporidia.
Tribe IV, Coniomycetes. To this are referred those fungi in which the sporidia are of a more obvious nature
-
than the other parts of the plant, and so constitute the essence of the fungus. Hence they are more evolved
n in any other class. The receptacle, if present, arises either out of united pedicels, or of united sporidia,
ORDER IX.
FUNG i.
Class il.
985
Entophyte.
Sporidia naked, separate, without a receptacle.

Division I. Stilbosporei.
Entophytes growing upon dead plants.
2491. Fusidium. Thallus plane, effused. Filaments short, branched. Sporidia fusiform, scattered.
2492. Polythrincium. (See Notes.)
2493.
Black. Receptacle O2 or a pulverulent mass intermixed with naked sporidia, the whole
bursting through the bark in the manner of a Stromatosphaeria.
2494. Sporidermium. (See Notes.)
2495. Naemospora. Receptacle O. Spherules obvious, or somewhat obsolete, discharging sporuliferous pulp
through the bark in the form of tendrils.
Division II.
Hypodermia.
Parasites upon living plants.

2496. Cylindrosporium. Very minute, parasitic on the surface of living leaves. Sporidia pellucid, cylin
drical, truncate, free, not divided.
2497. Uredo. Epidermis of the leaf forming a pseudo-peridium. Sporidia 1-celled, free, mostly globose.
2498. AEcidium. Peridium membranaceous, bursting through the epidermis, and dehiscent at the apex,
with a dentate or lacerate orifice.
2599. Puccinia.
many-celled.
Epidermis of the leaf forming a pseudo-peridium.
Sporidia fixed by a pedicel, one or
Observations.
and is homogeneous with the immature sporidia. The thallus is never flocculent. The organs of nutrition
and reproduction are the same.
Division II. H.
rmia. The genera of this division are furnished with a caliculus, which must not be
confounded with the receptacle or thalius, &c. of other tribes, because it does not constitute part of the fungus,
but is formed out of the epidermis of the plant on which the fungus grows.
S86
CRYPTOGAM1A.
Class XXIV,
HYMENOMYCETES.
Class I.
HYMENIN1. Div. I.
2365. AGA'RICUS. L.
AGARIC.
$ 1. AMANITA. Pers.
15731 vrnus Bull.
vernal
15732 phalloides Fries.
Phallus-like
8 verrucsus Fl. Lond warted

% virescens Fl. Dan, greenish
stinking
scentless
3-6 spr.su.
4 jul.oct.
4 jul.oct.
4 jul.oct.
4 jul.oct.
15733 porphyrius Fries.
porphyry
scentless
scentless
scentless
15734 vagintus Bull.

a plumbeus Schaeff
Schaeff
pulvintus Bolton
sheathed
eatable
6 aut.
lead-colored
transparent
cushioned
tawny
alpine
eatable
eatable
6 aut.
6 sum.
eatable
eatable
delicate
6 sum.
5 aug.
3'
* fulvus Schaeff
15735 nivlis Grev.
15737 pantherinus Dec.
fly-blown
mottled
15738 rubscens Pers.
flesh-colored
15736 muscrius L.
15739 asper Alb. & Schwe. rough
Pileati.
Sp. 308-715.
poisonous
warted
nauseous
stinking
6 sum.
W.
woo.,dam.pl. Bulliard, t 108
W
woody places Bull. t. 2.577. bulbosas
Y
woody places FLlo.t.312.fdex.rerrac.
Pa. Grwoody places Flora danica, t. 1246
Livid among moss Michel.gen. t. 76 fis
waste places
Lead waste places
Caes waste places
Br
waste places
Tawn. waste places
W
Scotch mou.
W
4 au. oc. Or.R

3 au. oc. Ol
Bulliard, t. 512
Schaeffer, tt.85, 86
Schaeffer, t. 244
Bolton, t. 49
Bolt, t 38, f2 trilobatus
Greville crypt. 1.18
woods
Greville crypt. 1.54
moun, woods Schaeff. t. 90 maculatus
3 jul.sep F.Col. heaths

Schaeff t. 91. pustulata:
3 juloct. Rsh
open woods Bull. t.316 verrucosas
2. Lepiota. Pers.
15740 prcerus Scop.
gigantic
15741 excoritus Schaeff: flayed
esculent
esculent
15742 clypeolrius Bull.
insipid
2 au. oc. Wsh beech woods Sowerby, t. 14
insipid
insipid
2 au. oc. Wsh
buckler
S.felinus Pers.
spotted
3 meledigris Sowerb. variegated
10 au. no. W. Br gardens

7 jul. au. Wsh fields
Sowerby, t. 190
Schaeff. t. 18, 19
hot-houses
2 au. oc. Wsh pine woods Sowerby, t. 171

1} au.no. Wsh grassy places Greville crypt. 3, 176
-
15743 cristtus Bolton
crested
foetid
15744 illinitus Fries
besmeared
mucilaginous 3 jul.uct. Wsh meadows
Fl. dan. t. 600
15735W:
2365. Agaricus. This, the most extensive genus in the vegetable kingdom, derives its name from Agari: a
kingdom of Sarmatia. The species are determined upon various principles. Some writers have mixed together
species
of theIfmost
as Gleditsch;
a few
onlytohave
taken pains
to ascert"
the species.
it isdifferent
dividedkinds,
into many
genera itand
would
be writers
necessary
breakreally
up Boletus
also, which
would
scarcely be judicious. An accurate and simple mode of division is, however, of the utmost moment, and
several methods have been proposed, the greater part of which are artificial, and therefore objectionable; such,
for example, as that of Villars, from the magnitude of the species; of Linnaeus, from the color of the pileus,
of Haller, from the color of the lamellae or gills; of Withering, from the nature of the stipes and the color
of the lamellae taken together; or of Otto, from the position of the lamellae. The divisions of Fries, which
are all named as subgenera, depend upon the characters of the veil, the lamellae, the sporidia, and the pileus.
Our notes will follow these in their order of succession.
1. Amanita. This name was applied by Galen to some eatable fungus, and has been restored in
days by Persoon. Most of the species are poisonous. They do not perish quickly, and are found for the mos
part on damp earth in shady woods, never upon wood or the dung of animals. They are in perfection about
the end of summer.
A vaginatus is eaten by the Muscovites; but in the Jena Literary Gazette of 1819, it is declared to be
poisonous. A. ovoideus is said to be delicious.
A muscarius, or reddish mushroon, has a large pileus, varying much in color, white, red, or crimson, conve:
sprinkled with downy warts, which are raised, compact, and angular, or thin, flat, and ragged, turning up :
age, from two to seven inches over; flesh white, reddish in decay : gills fixed, white, yellowish with age, mostly
uniform, but a shorter one sometimes intervening; the shorter gills varying much in len 7th, but rarely :
than one-third the length of the long ones: the stem solid and cylindrical, but the interna substance shrivel
-
ling with age leaves irregular hollows; scaly, bulbous at the base, from three to five inches high, and from
three quarters to one and a half inch in diameter; ring broad, permanent, and turned down upon the stem.
This I' rises out of the ground inclosed within its brown studded wrapper. It is found in pastures. The
juice rubbed on the walls and bed-posts destroys bugs; and in the North of Europe, the inhabitants infuse it in
------
ORD. IX. TRIBE I.
FUNGI HYMENOMYCETES.
98.7
HYMENOMYCETES.
Class I.
HYMexixl.-Div. L.
Pilcati.
* Volva loose: edge of the cap smooth. UN wholesome.
15731 Cap somewhat scaly: edge smooth, Stipes solid nearly equal, Volva loosely sheathed
15732 Cap somewhat scaly: edge smooth, Stipes hollow at top, Volva connate bullous
15733 Cap naked: edge smooth, Stipes somewhat fistular equal, Volva booted
** Wolv loose: edge of the cap striated.
EATABLE,
15734 Cap furrowed at edge, Gills white, Stipes fistular tapering nearly naked, Volva sheathing
15735 Whole plant white, Cap plane or slightly umbonate: the centre often pale ochraceous; margin striato.
pectinate, Lamella somewhat distant, Stipes solid naked bullous
*** Wolva obliterated: edge of the striated. Poisonous.
15736 Margin of the cap striated orange-red shining warty rarely naked, Volva vanishing scaly, Stipes bulbous
15737 Cap equally warted: edge striated, Stipes nearly solid equal, Volva booted adnate
**** /o/va obliterated: edge of the cap smooth. UN wholesome.
15738 warts of cap mealy unequal: edge smooth, Flesh pink, Stipes solid somewhat scaly and bulbous
157.9 Cap somewhat umbonate rough with acute warts: edge smooth, Stipes solid somew, taper squarrulose
* Weil finally separate, Gills distant, EATABLE.
15740 Large, Cap scaly, Lamella distant white, Stipes very long bulbous, Collar free
15741 Skin of cap contiguous, Lamella remote, Stipes equal, Collar free
** Weil fired, skin of the cap peeling off, Gills separate.
15742 Inodorous, Cap with the epidermis broken into ferruginous scales, Lamella white numerous, Stipes
-
subsquamose, Collar mostly fugacious
15743 Highly odor. Surface of cap white with reddish scales, Lamella distinct, Stipes smooth, Collar fugacious
*** /ei/fired, Gills separate, Skin of the cap adhering.
15744 Cap glutinous striated at edge, Lamella loose, Stipes viscid on account of the veil
15743
milk, and set it in their windows in order to poison the flies who taste it. This is moucho-more of the Russians,
Ramtchadales, and Koriars, who use it for intoxication. They sometimes eat it dry, and sometimes immerse
it in a liquor made with the epilobium; and when they drink this liquor, they are seized with convulsions in
all their
followed with that kind of raving which attends a burning fever. They personify this mush
room; and if they are urged by its effects to suicide, or any dreadful crime, they pretend to obey its commands.
To fit themselves for premeditated assassination, they recur to the use of the moucho-more. A powder of the
root, or of that part of the stem which is covered by the earth, is recommended in epileptic cases, and exter
nally applied for dissipating hard globular swellings, and for healing ulcers. The dose is from half a scruple to
one, taken thrice a day in water; but a dram administered once a day in vinegar has been thought more
efficacious. Murray, App. Med. vol. v. p. 560. Dr. Withering enumerates ten varieties of this species.
2. Lepiota. Terrestrial, solitary, persistent, autumnal fungi, none of which are noxious. Named from
Airls, a thin membranous layer or cuticle. The A. procerus, or tall mushroom, is not uncommon on hedge
banks and dry pastures, and is sometimes exposed to sale in Covent Garden market. It may be distinguished
from the genuine sort by the sponginess of its flesh; and from others by its fine and large horizontal ring. The
gills are white, uniform, and fixed to a collar; the pileus is a broad cone, bossed white-brown, and scaly; the
stem is scaly, and the ring loose. This plant, when preserved in pickle, is very apt to run into the vinous fer
mentation.
A. xerampelinus is the most splendid of all the agarics. Its gills are fixed, bright golden-yellow, and nearly
orange under the edge of the pileus, regularly disposed four in a set; fleshy, brittle, and serrated at the edge
with a paler cottony matter: the pileus is a fine lake-red, changing with age to a rich orange and buff, and
every intermediate shade of these colors, which render it very beautiful; convex, center bossed, edge turned
down, three to four inches in diameter, clothy to the touch; flesh pale-buff: stem solid, nearly cylindrical, but
gradually tapering upwards, rich buff, shaded with fine rose-red, three to five inches high, half inch in
diameter; flesh pale, buffy, spongy, and elastic. This is common in Italy, and brought to the markets for
sale. The ancient Romans esteemed it one of the greatest luxuries for the table. It was made the vehicle for
poison to Claudius Caesar by his wife Agrippina, and has therefore been celebrated by Juvenal and Martial.
988
CRYPTOGAMIA.
15745 granulsus Pers.
granular
Class XXIV.
muricated
2 jL. dec. Y
heaths
Greville crypt, fl. 2. 104
old trees
Fl. dan. t. 773, nitidus
A. croceus Sowerb.
3. ARMilla'Ria. Fries.
15746 m (icidus Schrad,
mucid
glutinous
2 jL dec. W
15747 mlleus Bolton

A laricinus Bolton
2 elsticus Bolton
honey-like
Larch
elastic
esculent
esculent
esculent
4 au. oc. Dl.Y trun of trees Sowerby, t. 101. stipitis

4 au. oc. Dl.Y trun of trees Bolton, t. 19
4 au. oc. Dl.Y trun. of trees Bolton, t. 15
$4. LIMAciuM. Fries.

15748 chrysodon Batsch yellow-toothed noxious
15749 carnsus Sowerb.
fleshy
noxious
15750 ebrneus Bull.
Snitens With.
ivory
shining
15751 olivceo-lbus Fries olive-white

15752 hypothjus Fries slug
15753 aromticus Sowerb. aromatic
* sep.oc. Pa.Y beech woods Batsch cent. 2. f. 212

3 sep.oc. Pa.Pk among grass Sowerby, t. 246
Sowerby, t. 71. nitens
Sowerby, t. 121. cassus
shining
shining
4 au.no. W
4 au.no. W
viscid
clustered
4 jul.oct. Ol
ine woods
eaths
4 oc.dec. Ysh
3 oc.dec. Pa. Br woods
glutinous
woods
woods
Schaeff. t.312 limacinus
Sowerby, t.8 limacinus

Sowerby, t. 144
* 5 TRicholoMA. Fries.
fir leaves
15754 albo brnneus Pers, whitish-brown glutinous
3 au. oc. Br
15755 flvus Dec.
smells of flour 4 au.sep. Tawn. thickets
15756 ustlis Fries
15757 Rassula Schaff

15758 aurntius Schaff
15759 prasinus Schaff

15760 fuctus Fries
15761 lridus Schaff
15762 equstris L.
15763 rtilans Schaff:
scorched
rosy
orange
pea-green
mainted
urid
scentless
delicious
bitter
tuberous
mild
gregarious
noble
mild
glittering
splendid
3
2
3
3
au. oc.
aut.
aut.
aut.
R. Br
Pk
Or
Y.G
Schaeff. t. 38 striatus
Schaeff t-62. incertus
beech wo.&c.
woods
Schaeft t. 58
pine woods Schaeff t. 37

mossy places Schaeff. t. 218
2 sep oc. Lurid way sides
2 sep.oc. DLR pine woods Schaeff. t. 69
2 sep. d. Y. Br way sides

Schaeff. t. 41. aureus
3 au. oc. Y
roots of trees Sow. t.31. rerampelinus
15764 vaccinus Schaeff

cow
scaly
3 oc.dec. Ruf. damp places Schaeff t. 25
1576.5 myomyces Pers.
Mouse-mushr. smells of mice 3 oc. no. Livid plantations Sowerby, t. 76 terreus
15766 Columbtta Bauh, white-headed eatable
1 # au. oc. W
sandy places Bulliard, t. 428. f. 1
15767 ae'stuans Fries
burning
very acrid
15768 sejnctus Sowerb, white and yell bitter

15769 virgtus Fries
streaked
15770 decstes Fries
sinuous
cracked
15771 gambsus Clus.

15772 personatus Fries
15773 nodus Bull
15774 Albus Schaff

15775 splndens With.
stipes naked
violet
smells of flour
variable
naked
white
metallic
not spotted
juicy
$6. Rus'sula. Pers.

15776 alutceus Pers.
tanned
8 ranthpus Fries
bitter
wavy
eatable
among moss
3 au.sep. Y
3 sep. oc. Pa.Y dry pine wo. Sowerby, t. 126
3 sept. Gr
plantations
3 au sep. Cin.
2, my.jn. Pale
3 sep.no. Pu
beech woods
chalk mead.
woods
2 sep.no. Vi
3 sep.no. W
3 july
Cop.
gardens
Bulliard, t. 439
woods
Schaeff. t.256
yellow-stalked eatable
2 au.sep. R.
2 au.sep. R.
yellow
shining
brittle
1* au.sep. Y
n:luseous
1 au. oc. Rsh
Sowerb. t. 209 violaceus
alder stump
shady woods Bull. t. 509
. shady woods
A. aurtus Wither.
15777 liteus huds.

15778 nitidus Pers.
beech woods
woods
Schaeff. t.254
15754
=s 15746
1579
15751
15750
15759

Schaeffer and Clusius have recited several curious circumstances respecting it. Dr. Withering apprehends that
these authors have mistaken the species, and that their account should be transferred to the A. deliciosus.
The A. xerampelinus is eatable, but its taste is not at all agreeable. It is the A. caesareus of Schaeffer, and
first found by Dr. Withering's daughter on the red rock plantations at Edgbaston, July 6th, 1791, and after
Wards in September 1793; and in July 1792, among moss in the fir plantations at Tettenhall, Staffordshire
r. W. enumerates five varieties.
$ 3. Armillaria. From armilla, a necklace. Autumnal species, of permanent duration, firm, and esculent
Okd. IX. Tribe I.
989
****
Veilfixed, Cap covered,
united.
15745 Cap with furfuraceous scales reddish-yellow.
Lamella GUIs
fixedsomewhat
white, Stipes
subsolid covered below the veil
with squarrose scales
* Carspitote,
Cap smooth.
15746 Somew. oetpiL Cap thin glutin. Lamell
annex, diet.
Stipes bulb. Collar reflex, and then erect furrowed
** scales,
Ctcspitose,
Cap not smooth. dist. Stipes fibrous, ColL tum. spread.
15747 Cap dull-yell, rough with black, hairy
Lamella;adnate-decurr.
Capandsmooth,
fioccoseyellow-flocculent
at edge. Unwholrsomr.
15748 Cap
Cap smooth
whitish, Margin
top ofstipes
withStipes
crisp thickened
lamella: upwards scaly
15749
smooth whitish-pink
: edge involute
downy, Lamella? straight,
4* Capbroad
tmooth,distStalk
15750 White, Cap smooth umbon. Lamella:
veryscaly.
decur. Eatable.
Stipes white scurfy solid becom. huIL inage
** Cap,Li depressed
15751 Cap
. obL
umoonatc
smooth
j. Stalk spotted.
15752 Cap
smooth
yellow,olive-brown,
covered
by ansomewhat
olive-colored
15753
Cap smooth
cinnamon-coL
Lamella?
d
* Cap trulyfleshy, somewhat blunt, humid, viscid ;
..-y cage, titts wh.
emarginatc,
Stalk
clothed,
separatefrom
thesmooth
cap. scaly at end
.-,.4
Cap
smooth
viscid
umbcr-col.
Lamellae
annexed
white,
Stipes
solid
15755
Cap
viscid virgate
rufous brownLamellse
discoidal,emarginatc
Lamellse white,
annexedStipes
yellow.
Stipes
equal fibrous
157*;
Cjji
smooth
viscid
red-brown,
equal
solidhollow
fibrous
15757 Cap
snmcw.
depress,
vise, granul.
and solid Lamella;
stipes eq.adnate
scaly atwhite.
end rose-color.
Lam.
somew.
white
15758
Cap
somewhat
scalv
viscid
yellow-orange,
Stipes
solid
covered
withsejaratc
orange scales
15759
Cap
scaly
viscid
yellow.green,
Lamella?
separate
yellow,
Stipes
solid
thick
tuberous
15790 Cap
Cap flexuose
flexuose smooth
virgate viscid
Lamella? Lamella?
emargin.emarginate
broad and solid,
somew.Stipes
scalysolid
yellowish,white
15761
greenishlurid,
ash-colored,
narrowStipes
yellowish,
scaly pallid
** Cap always diy, scaly, with the young edge involute, downy, or villous, Gills separate or emarginatc, SUilh
l.">7<>: Cap comp, flexuose somew. scaly yellow.-brown.
Lamellae cap.
emarg. comp, and solid. Stipe* scaly sulphurc.
scaly,
separatefrom
15763 Capnumerous
obL convex
deep-yellow
moreor orpartly
less covered
with crimson
red squamulose fibres, Lamella; rounded
yellow,
Stipestorn
solid
hollowdowny
streaked
with Lamella:
red
157ft*
Cap
umbon.
rufous,
Skin
with
hairy
scales
at
edge.
affixed
15 Firm, Cap dry smooth a little scaly brownish-livid, Lamella; emarg. somew,
dist whit.
whit Stipes
Stiiiesholsolid. ibrous
unen.
15786 White, Cap irregular becoming scaly and cracked, Lamella? emargin. compact, Stipes solid short smooth
** Cap always dry, smooth, but oftenfibrinse, with a nakededge, GUIs separate or emarginate, Stalk solid,
%mm
smooth,
striated,
separatefrom
thecap. broad and solid stmt, mipes yen.n
15767 Cap
Cap somew.
umbonateumbon.
dry yellow-brown
fibrous
towards
157r8
dry yellow streaked
with
blackedge,
hairs,Lamella?emarg.
Lamellae emargin.
broad and solid, stipes white
1&7B9 Cap umbonate dry grey streaked with black, Lamella; emargin. broad hoary, Stipes solid striated WOlttui
***t Cap always dry, smooth, wMh a thin,fioccose, frosted, involute edge, Flesh soft, GUIs rounded, clustered,
Somew. --pitose,
caepitnse, Pileus
Pileus compart
smooth
unequalinfront.
cinereous,
round,
white,andStipee
solid
powdery
twinie
end
obliterated
Stalklamella;
united
with
cap.
b; ,01 Somow.
mouse-colored.
Lamella;
emarg.
downy
stipessomew.
bdSCapiomewbai
compact smooth
withsmooth
a villous
frosted margin,
Lamella:
roundedsolidloose
and solid
buUoug villous,
Stemsmooth
ntherlilac-brown,
violet lamell rounded pale violet.
, Stipes solid
... equal, naked
?:> Gregarious,
Cap thin
>M White not spotted, Cap equal smooth, Lamella? rounded dense, Stipes lobd elastic
775 Cap conical sharing, Lamell- loose
m-ii*.
.on..
inamena?
tiens*
loose in,whitewhite,
Stipesrounded
solid white
a<7scaps0Ieil.h
GUIs all eoual, S/vridia yellow.
J Shpe, j.eUow Part . the marg,n aj. furrowed, LamdlafLad equal tanned
'J'ii MiddleîjgH * .
16764
mrh in habit am
"**
- inm
15771
Particular,.
990
CRYPTOGAMIA.
15779 emticus Schaff

A Gergii L.
emetic
St. George's
acrid
acrid
3 sum.
3 sum.
15780 depllens Pers.
pallid
nauseous
14 julsep. R.Br heaths
15781 rber Lam.

15782 foe'tens Fries
red
very bitter
15783 furctus Fries
forked
scorched
15784 adustus Pers
CLAss XXIV.
stinking
g elephantinus Bolt. elephantine
2
2
2
very compact 2
very compact 3
rigid
bitterish
Rsh
Y
woods
woods
jul.sep. R.
woods
au.sep Y
woods
au.sep G
woods
jul.oct. Ol
woods
jul.oct. Y.Br. woods
Sowerby, t.201. integer.

Bulliard, t. 509. f. R.
Bulli. t. 42. san wineus

Bulliard,t.292.piperatus
Bulliard, t. 26 bifidus
Bulliard,t.212.nagricans
Sowerby, t.36
# 7. GALARHAEus Fries
15785 controversus Pers. controverted
meteoric
2 sep oc. War.
15786 scrobiculatus Scop. pitted

15787 torminsus Schaeff, bearded
15788 mector Bull.
destructive
15789 cilicioides Fries
downy
gigantic
dangerous
2 jn, oc. Pk
poisonous
very downy
beech woods Bulliard, t 538 acris

damp woods Schaeff. t. 227
way sides
Sowerby, t. 103
1 au. oc, Ol. Br woods
Bulliard, t. 14
3 sept. DLPk pine woods
4 au. oc. Y
~15790 liridus Pers.
15791 acris Bolton

15792 (ividus Fries
15793 vietus. Gieditsch

15794 hysgynus Fries
15795 blennius Pries
15796 pallidus Pers.
15797 delicisus L.
-.
lurid
hot
moist
variable
flattened
very acrid
brittle
13 sep. oc. Lurid heaths

Sowerb. t. 203 xonarius
2 au. no, Ciner, groves
Bolton, t. 60
13 au. oc. Li, PR dampgroves
very acrid
au. no. Livid woods
firm
variable
verdigrease
pallid
very acrid
gregarious
24
14,
12
13
au. oc.
jul. oc,
au. oc.
jul. no.
Pk
grassy places
Gsh beech woods
Pa.Y beech woods
Or
pine woods Sowerby, t. 202
delicious
eatable
15798 aurantiacus Pers,
orange
acrid
3 au. oc. Or
woods
15799 mitissimus Fries
mild
s---
15800 quitus Fries
serous
sweet
sweet
3 au. no. Or
3 aut.
Pk
woods
oak woods
Fl.dan. t. 1069, rubescens
A. serosus Wither.
15801 subdulcis Pers.
sweetish
nauseous
3 sum.
woods
Sower. t. 204 lactiflorus
15802 thejoglus Bull.

yellow-milked poisonous
15803 Tithymalinus Scop testaceous
very milky
15804 ratus Scopoli
rufous
scentless
A. rubescens With.
15805 helvus Fries
intermediate
acrid
15806 glycysmus Fries

15807 plumbeus Bull.
sweet-tasted
lead-colored
esculent
insipid
15808 pyrogius Bull.
red-milked
flexuose
peppery
Lister's
Brsh
Batarra, t. 16. f.
2} sep, oc. Fuly, shady woods Bulliard, t, 567 f. A.

3 sep. oc. Pa Y shady woods Bats.cont-f.60, ichoratus
2 jul, oc, Br
pine woods
23 jul. no. R.O.c. damp places
3 jul, oc. Lurid thickets
4 au.sep. Lead damp places Sowerby, t. 245. Listeri
|
15809 flexuosus Pers.
15810 piperatus Scop.

15811 vellereus Fries
15812 dulcis Hudson
15813 depressus Wither
very acrid
compact
eatable
12 au. oc. Livid groves

Bulliard, t. 529. f. 1
I jul, oc, Br
grassy places Bult 539 fl.A. azorates
2 sep. oc. W
woods
Bolton, t. 21
2 au. no. W
thickets
Sowerby, t. 104. Listeri
sweet
gregarious
gregarious
2 au no. W
thickets
depressed
variable
24 au. oc. Pk
grassy places
very broad
6 sept.
thickets
* 8. Clito'cybe. Fries
15814 giganteus Leysser gigantic
157
Wsh
Sowerby, t. 244
15797

* 6. Russula. So named from the russet color of the original species. The species are all large, or of middle
size, rigid, persistent, solitary, terrestrial, chiefly appearing in the autumn.
-
* 7. Garhaeus. From , milk, and #2, to flow; many of the species being lactescent; some are juiceless.
These are fungi of the summer and autumn, possessing an aromatic smell and acrid flavor. They all grow
upon the ground. A. torminosus, in times of scarcity, is eaten by the Russians, mixed with salt, oil, and
vinegar. Burb. A controversus is stated by Persoon to be eatable; but Fries thinks it must be in mistake.
A. deliciosus has gills decurrent, flame-colored, narrow, regularly branched; pileus rich, red, brown; flesh
nearly flat, but somewhat hollowed at the centre, and the edge turned in from one and a half to three inches
over; orange-color; stem orange, solid, tapering downwards, from one to two inches high, and a quarter
to three-eighths high: hollow with age. The juice is rich yellow, which soon turns green. It is found
in the fir plantations of Scotland, and in those of the barren hills at Barr, in Staffordshire. Dr. Smith also
found it at Hillingdon, Middlesex, under some fir trees; it also grows near Guildford. It is much esteemed in
Italy, and exposed in the markets, and supposed to have been the A. caesareus mentioned by some authors.
Ord. IX. Tribe I

15779 Cap compact
4>reed centre lh 8. at lengt
991
uDcq. white
diet white
' "",Lt:
]:,/-,
,,t il,..variegated
.._ .downy
. , atrdowny.
Edgeofthceap
rolled
inwards,
.solidPoisonous.
15785 Can
White,
Rleus
villous
blood-red
edge, Stipes
15786
yellow
without
zones
:
margin
bearded,
Milk
yellowish,
Stipes
hollow
spotted
15747 Cap
glabr.
witholive-brown
a yellowish: brownish
or greyish
tinge : marg. tomcnt Stipes most holL
15788
Cap downy
imootnpie
zoned
marginyellowish.
villous,
Stipes
inpart smth.
.. 15789
Cap
dull
flesh-colored, Lamella:
Stipessolid
rather hollow
** Cap
smooth,white,
viscid,Milk
withreddish.
a nakedStipes
edge. hollow
. Eatablr.
15790
Cap
viscid
zoned
lurid.
Lamella:
157IJ1 Cap viscid not zoned cinereous-sooty, Lamelle yellow. Milk turning red. Stipes solid
15792
Cap
viscidsmooth
not xoned
fleshyviscid
lividnotor zoned
brownish,
lamella:
white. and
Milkmilk
whitish-lilar,
nohollowfragile
,ow
15793
Cap
thin
eomew.
livid
pale. Lamella;
whit hollow
Stipesstipes
somcw
15794
Cap
viscid
not
zsined
smooth
flesh-colored,
Lamella;
and
milk
white.
Stipes
spotted
15796 Cap
Cap viscid
viscid smooth
somewhatnotdripping
zi>ned(which
greenish,
Lamella:
andand
milkfirmwhite
15796
zoned andnot
stipes
short)
hollow
pallidLamell
Lamelleandandjuice
milkorange,
white
15797
CapStipes
glutinous
obscurely
dingy-orange
or isreddish
very
pale when
dried,
becoming
hollowzoned
glabrous
i not zoned . llamease compact yellowish. Milk white, Stipes long smc
naked atsmooth
edge, dry
Gillsorange-colored,
close, when youngLamell
white, paler,
afterwards
Eatablk
Acrid.
99**
Sweet,CapCapdry,papillose
Milk yelioxu.
white, Sti[>cs
longbuthollow
153UO Sweet, Cap obtuse smooth dry opaque, Lamellai testaceous rufous, Stipes solid firm brownish
15801 Capco'or>
glabrous polished
reddish,
Lamella;
flesh-colored at length ferruginous, Juice white not changing
1>
becoming
hollow
]5w*
SomewhatStipes
acid, firm
Capsmooth
dry smooth
somewhat
zoned rufous brown, Milk lellow. Stipes solid
15813
Acrid,acrid,
Cap dry
obsoletelv
zoned reddish-brown,
pale-yellow, Lamella;
flesh-color.
15S04 Very
Capsmooth
dry umbonate
polished
Lamellpalerufous.
Milk Stipes
white, solid
Stipes solid
j5*1^
Acrid,
Cap
bluntlsh
scaly
dry
red-ochre-colored.
Lamelles
ochraceous,
Stipes
nearly
solid
*5
Cap large
thin scaly
dry opaque
15807 Cap
dry zoncless
darksomewhat
fuscous orlurid
deepdingy-grey, Lamella; yellowish rather numerous, Juice white
Cap dry,
naked atedge,
GUIslamella;
not altering,
Substance
tough.cinereous
Vbry Acrio.
15 Cap****
dry smooth
somewhat
zoned livid,
distant
Yellow, compact,
Stipes hollow
jgS CaP
CaP repand
smooth,
Lamella: glab.
distantwhitpallid,
Stipesveryshort
pallidcrowded, Stipes solid white
[whitethick,
very Juice
acrd
,
duress,drybecom.
infundibulif.
Lamel.
narrow
vlmiAl1 itf'
Capsweet.
umbilicate
downy Stipes
rigid, long
Lamell narrow distant, Milk white, Stipes solid thick
V^white
Cap
convex.
113 Seems to be a green variety of A. hysgynus, with a solid stipes
A. GUIseaually
narrowed
backward,
acule. adnate.
Cap when
dry,
Gills
tlose, deeurrent
or aadely
ltMy.\.
young
when
older
depressed.
Gills truly
deeurrent.
14 Verypmorf0rl**sfleshy;
Urge whitish orL very
palesmooth.
brown,convei-dcflcxcd,
Cap becoming
mfundibuliform,
Lamella:
numeuus
deeurrent
becoming reddish. Stipe* solid very thick
15798
15803
^ Withenng enument v
''-sol <, in hie Fl
' -.,!
"" by Um
ai,u MwcUaneuus Particulars.

"nereti in oods and dry pastures in Septomba and
do'.yf".. ! ". m thought useful i dissolving "?

'ture-"-to dev.
,
"0,t ?f'bewies
are harmless,
and ofthosetrd"
the lareer
Ai-':.*'.^.A
$gF*
: one ofasthe
which form
i wnicn
obscure
everspecies
",1"'
*rt attached
tc theis still
pieusas jutting
up very
close to the stem, so as to,
give
992
CRYPTOGAMIA.
15815 gilvus Pers.

cinnamon-col. gigantic
A. pileolarius Sowerb.
flaccid
pretty
15817 gibbus Pers.
gibbous
fragrant
15818 turfsus Sowerb,
turfy
scentless
15819 diatrtus Fries
perforated
tough
15816 flccidus Sowerb,
Class XXIV
3 au. no. D1.Y among moss. Grev. crypt. 1.41

3 sep. oc. W
woods
2 oct.
1 nov.
turf
Br
Br
2 sep.no. Pk
plains
Bolton, t. 185
Bulliard, t. 573. 1.2
Sowerby, t. 210
woods
15820 nebulris Batsch

A. caseus With.
clouded
gregarious
3 sep. oc. Ciner heaths
Bolton, t. 40 mollis
15821 turgidus Grev.
turgid
solitary
2 aut.
Grev. crypt. t. 9
15822 viridis Wither.
green
anise-scented
slender
eatable
2* aug.
hoary
shaggy
gregarious
G
woods
3 au. no. Ciner, woods
14 au. no. W
dead leaves
au. no. Wsh meadows
Bolton, t. 12 caerureus
Grev. crypt. 1.28
Bolton, t. 17
Sowerby, t. 123. 2.
W
grassy grov.
3 jan.
Brsh woods
2 aut.
Liv G upon earth
1 au.sep. Wsh rotten wood
Sower. t. 281. graveolens

Sowerby, t. i
Sowerby, t.342
Bolton, t. 61
15823 odrus Bull.

15824 candicans Pers.
15825 dealbtus Fries

whitened
A. agrstis. Wither. A variety.
15826 grammopdius Dec. stinking
15827 millus Sowerb.
Dog's-collar
15828 inorntus Sowerb. neat
15829 fimbritus Bolton fringed
15830 ligntilis Fries
15831 adhaesivus Wither.
15832 aedemtopus Schaeff.
S coralloides Dicks.
15833 obsus Wither.
15834 opcus Wither.

15835 pistillris Wither.
wood
sticking
fusiform
coralloid
squat
Sooty dry woods
shaggy
depressed
pretty
gregarious
3 oct.
irregular
irregular
2 au.dec. Wsh
rotten wood
plantations
woods
Schaeff. t. 259
hollow t.ees Battarra, t. IX. f. B.
pastures
among grass Sowerby, t. 142
among grass
opaque
cracking
pistillary
crooked
3 sept.
2 sp. aut.
2 sp. aut.
14 aug.
2 ap.sep.
# aug.
brittle
eatable
4 au. oc. Sooty damp woods Sowerby, t. 172 elirus

13 au. no. Ysh
way sides
Grev. crypt. 2.91
eatable
eatable
1* au. no. W
1* sep.no. W
2 sep.no. W
15836 camarophyllus Fries arched

15837 pratnsis Pers.
meadow
A falvus Wither.
g clava-frmis. With. clavate
2 ericeus With.
heathy
15838 virgineus Wulfen virgin-white
tufted
tufted
tufted
eatable
W. Br
Ruf
Ruf
W. Br
W
Wsh
way sides
Schaeff. t. 307
heaths
heaths
Bull. t. 467. ericetosus
Grev. crypt. 3, 166
15839 psittcinus Schaeff parrot-colored pretty

15840 cerceus Sowerb.
waxen
gregarious
2} au. no. Y
15841 cnicus Schaff:

15842 puniceus Fries
15843 coccineus Pers.
conical
watery
Crimson
scarlet
beautiful
beautiful
4 my oc. Ysh meadows

Sow. t.381. aurantiacus
3 au. oc. Or. R among grass Bull. t. 202 coccineus
2 au. oc. Sc
meadows
Sowerby, t. 381
15844 bacctus Scop.
varnished
handsome
2 jn.nov. Ros. R on earth
handsome
2 jn.nov. Viol.
shady places Sowerby, t. 187

meadows
Bulliard, t. 580
trees&woods Sowerby, t. 44
Samethystinus Huds. amethystine
2 oc. no, Gsh.Y meadows
sheep
sulphureous
mild
2 au. oc. Brsh
15846 sulphreus Bull
foetid
4 sep. oc. Test
15847 tortilis Bolton

15848 ovlis With.
twisted
oval
distorted
15845 ovinus Bull.
satiny
pastures
Grev. crypt. 2.74

Sowerby, t. 20
Sower. t.208.farinaceus
+ aut.
Br
gard. mould Bolton, t. 41
23 sep. oc. R.Br. fir woods

them almost the appearance of being fixed, watery, brownish-white, two or four in a set, the small ones
very ninute, and the large ones sometimes splitting at the outer end; not numerous, rather broad for the
size of the plant, frequently connected to the pileus by ligaments; pileus pale, buffy-brown, convex, irregular,
with a sudden depression of the border at some distance from the centre, often giving the appearance of a large
rounded boss in the middle; central color generally deeper; from one to one and three-quarters inch over;
and the edge turning up with age: stem solid, white, changing to watery-brown, cylindrical, but thicker and
flattened just under the pileus, very tough, mostly crooked, twisted when dry, rarely central, one and halfinch
high, and thick as a crow Juli. This is the twenty-seventh fungus of Ray's Synopsis, ed. 3. p. 6. ; A. pratensis
of Hudson, and coriaceus of Lightfoot. There are two varieties; one with cream-colored gills, but pileus, and
'''
stem; and another with yellow-brown, more fleshy, and more regularly convex pileus, found in groves.
Mr. Woodward says, that this species has a much higher flavor than the common mushroom, but he suggests,
ORD. IX. TRIBE I.
FUNG1 HYMENOMYCETES.
998
15815 Large, Cap convex umbonate at length infundibuliform smooth firm yellowish-white, Lamellae nu
merous decurrent whitish, Stipes straight solid subradicating
15-16 Cap thin funnel-shaped obt, smooth flaccid, Lamellae decurr. whit. Stipes solid thickened at base villous
15817 Cap umbonate smooth becoming funnel-shaped, Lamel. decurr. white, Stipes solid elastic taper, upwards
15818 Cap depressed broad zoned brown irregular, Gills decurrent pallid, Stipes solid
15819 Cap flatt somew. umbilic smth, a lit flesh-color. : when dry whit. Lam. decurr. and solid eq. Stipes white
** Cap closely fleshy, conver, opening out flat, Gills truly decurrent, Stalk strong. Eatable.
15820 Cap compact smooth cinereous, Lamellie slightly decurrent compact whitish, Stipes solid tapering upw
15821 Cap plano-convex very smooth greyish-brown, Lamella narrow numerous pale, Stipes hollow stout
*** Cap truly but not firmly fleshy, flattish or slightly depressed, Gills adnate, not properly decurrent,
Stalk slender.
15822 Cap smooth green, Lamellae adnate narrow, and stipes (which is solid and smooth, white
15823 Fragrant smooth dull bluish-green unbonate convex becoming plane, Lamellae numer adnato-decurrent
15824 Shining-white, Cap smooth convex then umbonate, Lamel adnate then decurr. Stipes fistulous smooth
15825 Scentless white, Pileus unequal thin smooth, Lamellae adnate numerous, Stipes solid equal glabrous
15826 Cap obsoletely umbonate smooth, Lamellae adnate close white, Stipes solid furrowed smooth
15-27 Cap somew. umbon smooth brown Lamel, affixed with hind end recurv Stipes solid equal strigose
15-28 Cap obtuse smooth somewhat repand greenish-livid, Lamellae adnate, Stipes solid smooth
[short
15829 Dirty-white, Cap becom.funnel-form, smth. : marg. sinuat and lob. i.am adnate very tender, Stipes solid
**** Tufted, variable, some

on twood, some on earth.
15830 Cap irregular rather out of centre vill-whit. Lamel, adn compact white, Stipes solid flexu vill at base
15831 Cap flat discoid viscid, Lamellae decurrent and solid tapering, Stipes white
15&2 Cap conical powdery rufous, Lamellae decurrent and solid ventricose powdery, Stipes rufous
15833 Cap whit-brown, Stipes solid obconic scarcely broader at top than bottom, Lamel decurr. branch, white
15834 Cap dead white nearly flat, Lamellae white numerous, Stipes white with brown pith
15835 Whitish, Cap convex, Lamellae decurrent, Stipes solid subconical
2. Cap somewhat compact dry, Gills very distant, arcuate, decurrent.
15836 Cap somewhat compact streaked sooty, Lamellae decurrent white-glaucous, Stipes long stout fibrous
15837 Firm, Cap compact convex becoming partially expanded smooth brownish-buff with a pink tinge,
Lamellae decurrent thick, Stipes short solid attenuated below
e All white
3. Cap thinner with a striated margin
15838 Viscid, Cap campanul expand when humid striated, Lamel adnate somew distant, Stipes equal smooth
3. Cap thin, viscid, twet, Gills variable, Stalk hollow. Temaestrial.
15839 Green chang to yell. Pileus campanulate spreading, Lamellae adnate rather distant, Stipes equal smooth
15840 Cap nearly plane slimy substriate yellow, Lamellae adnate decurrent distant, Stipes rather unequal
attenuated towards the base
15841 Cap conical glutin. mostly yell, or crim. Lamel, crowd, ventric attenuat, and free, Stipes substriate splitt.
15842 Cap campanul. obt, lob orange-red, Lamel affixed ascend, yellow, St pes thick ventricose white at base
15843 Cap conv. expand visc. becom depres. Lam adn versicolor connect by decurr. tooth, Stipes compr.scarlet
B. Gills une
at the back, that is, toothed, or arcuate, decurrent, sinuate, emarginate, &c.
4. Cap dry, minutely scaly, Gills generally arcuate, decurrent, rarely adnate. FIRM.
15844. Gregarious, Cap scarcely fleshy tough farinaceous with minute scales pale or deep flesh-color: disk de
pressed in age, Lamellae distant, Stipes long elastic
Cap convex becoming depressed somewhat squamulose purple, Lamellae distant thick violet-purple,
Stipes purple, hollow when old
15845 Cap fleshy
somew, scaly brown. Lamel arcuate affix. connect whit. Stipes solid short firm
15846 Cap fleshy somewhat umbonate slightly silky testaceous, Lamellae arcuate adnate somewhat distant
and solid equal, Stem sulphur-colored
15847 Lamellae brown changing to purplish, Cap red-brown convex turning up with age, Stipes brownish
15848 Lamellae brownish-white, Cap cinnamon bossed, Stipes brownish-white cylindrical
15347
--and Miscellaneous Particulars.
that from its leathery nature it is indigestible, except in the form of powder, in which it is admirable. Dr.
withering, however, observes, that he has seen the pileus and gills of this agaric very brittle and tender when
fully saturated with moisture in rainy seasons, and in that state it is sufficiently digestive. Professor Martyn
informs us that he has eaten these mushrooms for forty years without injury, and without perceiving that
toughness, like leather, of which others have complained, except in very dry weather, or when they are in too
advanced a state. They should be gathered young, and early in a morning, and properly dressed. They are
found in hedge banks, upland pastures, and sheep commons, particularly in those patches called Fairy rings.
Those that are found in woods and hedges are of inferior flavor to such as are gathered in dry pastures, which
have a very pleasant smell and luscious flavor, either when stewed alone or in ragouts, &c. This sort makes
excellent ketchup, and is much valued in the form of powder. It is in season during September and October,
but may be dried so as to be in use for the table all the winter. Mr. Lightfoot supposes that this species is the
3 S
CRY PTOGAMIA.
C""XX" kl
15849 peU<nthlnu> Friei

& whit* degant
15850 melalecus Pert.
Cumples" nucid
r~
Sigile
15851 comprsius '*. nitric-acid-scent
fragile,
3 .n.nc, * damppl
.
aajr
S au. oc. *
Ciner. liure
4 jul.oc. W.h .-*
15853 platyphf11 Pera, broad-headed

15854
radictusWh.
tett. rooting
slender
15855
15856 gracilis
Teltipee 7, bond. velvet-footed
thick-footed
15857
15858 fsipei
cnfluensBuH.Pen. confluent
hill
15859
15860 colUnus
dryphiluScop.
Sowerb. oak-loving
.
gigantic
more
elender
espitse
linsen W trun.oftree<GreT.crTpt4l
..CS
W trun.oftreei &>, L j
Ii2 p..e
oc.mr.
.
-rrh. t lS crasBP0
eatable
espitse
Jul.no. Tel ocadtor Soerby,lS!

changeable
15861 perontus Bolton woolly
15862 oradee Bolton
1iS
nfirreus FW
Garlic-scented
stinking
lffifipSwSPi
brown-purple ca*p>toe
J . no U<rU
4M*
9 Colltbi.
, A
corotlnius
Fn FrsVi
Onion-scented
flesh-colored strong
dwarf
15866 jmnceus
cSrneus Bull,
pis? aS SESSff
With.
esculent
15867
esculntus
Wulfen
gregarious
15868A.tubersus
Bull.
alumnus Bolton
15869
racemsus
S
Club
gregarious
15870
15871 clvu
rameiisBull.
Bull branch-living gregarious
15872 parasiticus Bull. parasitical meteoric
i au. oc. * on fungi Se***'*3
tough
15873 VaUlfintU
Fre* Vaillanfs
McrHut androsaceu
With.
-'footed
gregarious 1 all
15874
Rtula
Scop
aU
15875 androsceus X. Androsace-like tough
gregarious
stinking
15876
fce'tidus
-Frwa
stinking
boring
15877
15878 prforaiw
epiphfHue Fres
Pert. shrivelled gregarious
W.h * S-'^V
15879 Hudsni Pert. Hudson's hairy 15860 aub
15851
15849
' 16857
jmw . c"7,rSicogt
s
whohowever,
une it Inha.ragout,
t'"
tough.of the
TheFrench,
mouceron,
a very^^M||11.
thick ami fcmy ^ ',lae""imlwb""1'1"0
carefully c
on., and
fr(,m
to the
lid the
stemorI. Scotch
thick.and
af-JfJSS
other
.,
lhl,.tem,
f,,r^.rig
g,
bonnet,
a it Ml l>v Mr. IW-
ORD. IX. TRIBE I.
995
5. Cap smooth, somewhat humid, Gills arcuate at their connection with the edge, reticulated at their union with
each other, with appendages at edge.
15849 Cap convex livid-purple striat at edge, Lamel arcu--annex. purple with black teeth, Stipes fistular equal
6. Cap thin, dry, Gills emarginate. Bmirtle.
Cap-fleshy, smooth, and stem regular. Tearestatal.
15850 Cap fleshy soft flatt. smooth, Lamel clustered somew. ventricose white, Stipes somew. holl.long and thin
** Cap somewhat fleshy, and stem, which has no roots, irregular. Tenakstalal
15851 Cap subcarnose irregular smooth thin fuscous, Lamellae distant white, Stipes hollow-whitish compressed
15852 Cap fleshy deform. crack. scalycinereous, Lamel. glued together dist and deform. holl. Stipes cinereous
*** Cap somewhat fleshy, and stem, which has roots, regular. Gaowuxia on Wood.
15853 Cap fleshy flat somew, streaked cinere:-whit. Lamel. very broad dist and solid equal striat. Stipes white
C. Gills equal, behind blunt.
7. Cap fleshy, glutinous, Gill's somewhat united, Stem rooted.

15854 Cap rugose glutinous tough, Lamellae white, Stipes tall rigid with a long fusiform root
15855 More slender, Lamellae sinuated with a decurrent tooth, Stipes very long
[blackish towards base
15856 Cap nearly plane brown orange glutin. Lamel ventric, yellow. Stipes incurv. velvety and redd.-brown or
8. Cap tough, dry, Gills separate, close, tehite.
15857 Gregarious, Cap fleshy loose, Lamel. somew, separate serrat. Stipes hollow ventricose furrow, whit root.
15858 Confluent caespitose, Cap somewhat fleshy whitish, Lamellae loose compact, Stipes fistulous somewhat
compressed red villous powdery
15859 Cap somew, fleshy campanul, expanded umbonate pallid, Lamel loose, Stipes fistulous smooth glabrous
15860 Variable, Cap thin watery smooth plane sometimes depressed, Lamella free soft, Stipes hollow splitting
becoming thicker towards the base pinkish or yellowish-white more colored at the summit
9. Cap somewhat leathery, dry, Gills separate, distant, pallid.
Cap fleshy, Stem solid
15861 Cap dry leathery convex at length plane, Lamellae distant pale-reddish or buffish, Stipes solid clothed
towards the base with a woolly or strigose mass
15862 Cap tough subumbonate reddish becoming buttish or very pale opake, Lamellae distant whitish, Stipes
solid firm cylindrical thickest under the pileus pale
** Cap fleshy, Stem fistulous.
15863 Strong smell. Cap somew, fleshy smth. and lamellae somew, loose white, Stipes fistular long downy rufous
15864 Cap somewhat fleshy wrinkled dark-purple becom. pale, Lamellae loose rufous, Stipes fistular rubiginous
1. Cap *ightly fleshy, smooth, scarcely umbilicate, Gills true, Stem hollow, or somewhat fistulous.
15865 Strong smell. Cap somew. fleshy, and lamellae adnate crisp whitish, Stipes fistular short glabrous rufous
15866 Cap somewhat fleshy smooth pinkish-red, Lamellae attached white, Stipes nearly solid short scaly
15867 Cap somew, fleshy obt, clay-colored, Lamellae attached lax white, Stipes fistular rooting smooth yellow.
15868 Cap plane or somewhat umbonate, Lamellae adnate numerous, Stipes subfistulose slightly tomentose at
the base and springing from a reddish tuberous root
15869 Cap membranous papillose grey, Lamellae white, Stipes racemose
15870 Cap plano-convex reddish-orange, Lamellae white rather broad fixed, Stipes very slender subsolid whitish
15871 Gregarious, Cap nearly plane white sometimes changing to reddish, Lamellae adnate white, Stipes short
minutely furfuraceous marked within with a white line
15872 Cap somewhat fleshy convex becoming flat pruinose pale-grey, Lamellae attached thick distant more
obscure, Stipes fistular villous
2. Cap thin, membranous, flat, becoming depressed, plaited, rugose, Gills veiny, of the same substance as the cap,
Stem horny, black.
15873 Cap flat plaited, and lamellae (which are very broad adnate and distant) white, Stipes solid smooth
thicker and paler towards the extremity
15874 Cap conv. umbilic. plicate, Lam, attach. to a collar surround stipes white, Stipes holl, striate black below
15875 Cap convex plicate white sometimestinged with brown, Lamellae simple adnate white, Stipes hollow fur
rowed very glabrous purplish-brown or black except at the summit
15876 Cap convex umbilicated plicate redd-brown, Lamel. adnate pale-yellow. Stipes holl. redd.-brown velvety
15877 Cap flatt rugul. pall. Lam. adnate simp, many being halved, Stipes smth. fistular velvety blackish-brown
15878 Cap nearl
rugose, Lamellae few adnate resembling white prominent veins, Stipes hollow very
minutely velvety reddish-brown below
15879 Cap convex-expanded whitish and rufous, Stipes covered with straight red hairs, Lamellae whitish
15872
15876
15378
15868
* 9. Collybia. So called from x2xxv.2er, a kind of small money. Small and persistent, gregarious species,
growing either on earth or wood. Some of the species may be used as food.
3 S 2
CRYPTOGAMIA.
996
CLAss XXIV.
* 10 MyceNA. Pers.
onion-scented foetid
15880 alliceus Jacq.
6 jl. nov. W. Br dead leaves Jacq. austr. t.82
15881 atro-lbus Bolton
scentless
3 au. no. Blsh
foetid
scentless
2 my oc. Cin. on earth

Vaill, par. t. 12. f. 1, 2
3 my oc Brsh trun. of trees So.erby, t. 165
15884 polygrammus Dec. marked
caespitose
6 sep, d. Cin.
15885 glopus Pers.

15886 haemtopus Pers
15887 cruntus Fries
white-footed
scentless
red-footed
bloody
caespitose
solitary
4 au. no. D.Gl. woods

2 au. oc. Pk
beech trunks
3 au. no. R.
fir leaves
15888 &legans Pers.
elegant
15889 strobilinus Pers.
Pine-cone
fennel-scent.
gregarious
2 au. no. Liv.Y pine woods

2 au. no. Crim. pine woods
Sower. t. 197. coccincus
15890 rseus Pers.
rosy
gregarious
2 au. no. Rosy pine woods
Pers syn. t. 3. f. 5
15891 p(rus Pers.
pure
gregarious
3 jn.nov. Rosy woods
Sowerby, t. 72 roseus
15892 Adnis Bull.
Adonis
15893 luteo-lbus Bolton yellow-white

15894 lcteus Pers.
milky
various-color. 23 sep. n. Rosy woods

Bulliard, t. 560 f 2
pretty
2 au.sep. Y
among moss Bolton, t. 38. f. 1
gregarious
13.jl. nov. W.Y. heaths
Sower. t.385. f. 5. tenuis
15895 pilipes Sowerb.
caespitose
black-white
15882 alcalinus Fries

alkaline
15883 galericultus Scop. various
damp places Bolton, t. 137
varius With.
proliferus Sower. t. 169
hairy-footed
variable
2 aut.
dead leaves
Bull." S18. H. fistulosus

Fl. danica, t. 1550. f. 2
Pa. Br dead Agarics Sowerby, t. 249
1* au. no. Cin.

1* au. no. Cin.
among moss. Sowerby, t. 92 mutans

fir leaves
Fl. danica, t. 1678. f. 2
15896 epipterygius Scop. nodding

15897 vulgris Pers.
Conninon
gregarious
15898 pellcidus Bull
transparent
thick
15899 corticlis Bull.
bark
15900 pterigenus Fries

rosellus With.
15901 spinipes Sowerb.
rosy
delicate
beautiful
spiny-footed
gregarious
4 au. oc. Br
pine cones
gregarious
solitary
I jl. aug.
1, my oc.
2 my..no.
* aut.
1 my..no.
2 jl- oct.
hollow trees Sower. t. 107. buccinalls

among moss Sowerby, t. 45
on earth
Bulliard, t, 568. f. 2
among grass Sowerby, t.322
damp heaths Bull. t.276, androsaceus
tender
1 jl. oct. Cin.
solitary
1* aut.
Ruf,
the ground
oc. feb. Ruf bark of trees Sowerby, t. 243

# au. oc. Rosy among moss.
Sowerby, t. 206
! 11. OMPhalia. Pers.

15902 stelltus Fries
15903 fibula Bull.
15904 pyxidtus Bull.
15905 murlis Sow.
stellate
button
box-like
wall
15906 ericetorum Pers.
heath
15907 caulicinlis Sower thick-stalked
Pers.
15909 obliquus Pers.
15908
dirty
oblique
15910 frgrans Sowerby fragrant

15911 caespitsus Bolt.
caespitose
15912 cyathiformis Bull, cyathiform
slender
variable
subgregar.
variable
aut.
W
Or.Y
Test
Br
W
Ferr.
will. trunks Pers ic. pict. t. 13. f. 1

Pers. ic. pict. t. 13. f.3
Pa. Ci. on earth
anise-scented 11 aug. d. Livid among grass Sowerby, t. 10

pellucid
club-shaped
1 aug. d. Y
peat
3 oc. no. D.Br. earth
Bolton, t. 41. f. C.
Sowerby, t.363.sordidus
15913 murinus Sowerby mouse-scented solitary
2 sept.
Sowerby, t. 162
15914 tigrinus Bull.
13 my jn. Wsh trun of trees Sowerby, t. 68
..clavatus Wither.
mottled
gregarious
earth
15889

3.10. Mycena. From wax, a kind of small fungus. The species are of the smaller kind, at least they are
".
thin and slender, and

smell, which is always power 1.
None of them are fit for food, many are distinguishable by their
ORD. IX. TRIRE I.
997
1. Dry, Capgenerally umbonate, not depressed, Gills separate or adnate, not decurrent.
* Stem rooting, smooth, juiceless, Gills separate, whole-colored.
15880 Cap becoming nearly plane subcoriaceous, Lamellae free whitish, Stipes tall covered with a sort of bloom
dark purplish-brown below velvety at the base
15881 Cap smooth blackish Margin and lamellae loose whitish, Stipes tumid at base, strigose
** Stem smooth, juiceless, somewhat rooting, Gius adnate, whole-colored.
15882 Cap obtuse striated cinereous, Lamellae adnate glaucous white, Stipes smooth firm villous at base
15883 Cap brown. Lamel. whit-adnate with a decurrent process, Stipes smth. tenacious strig at base and radicat.
*** Stem juiceless, striated, Gills whole-colored.
15884 Cap obscurely striate blue-grey, Lamel. attenuated and subadnate whit. Stipes long rigid striate glisten.
**** Stem smooth, milky, somewhat rooting, Gills attenuated, united at the edge.
1585 Cap striated blackish glaucous, Lamelle affixed white, Stipes filled with white juice
15886 Cap fleshy-membranous whitish-red, Lamellae affixed, and stipes filled with dark-red juice
15887 Cap striated reddish-brown, Lamellae adnate whole-colored at the edge, Supes filled with red juice
***** Stem smooth, juiceless, somewhat rooting, Guls adnate, discolored at edge.
15888 Cap striated livid-yellow, Lamellae adnate linear livid: margin yellow, Stipes rigid smooth fibrous at base
15889 Bright-red, Cap acutely umbonate with a striate margin, Launellae hwed dilute reddish, Stipes firm
strugose and pale at the base
15890 Cap between fleshy and membranaceous convex pale rose-purple, Lamella ventricose rather paler than
pileus, Stipes smooth villous at the base
****** Stem smooth, juiceless, scarcely rooting, Gulls affired, whole-rotored. Colon Pune
15891 Cap between fleshy and membranous obtuse somewhat rose-colored, Lamelle round ventricose pallid,
Stipes smooth villous at base
15892 Cap obtuse smooth, Lamellae adnate white, Stipes smooth rootless
15-93 Cap umbonate striated and slender, Stipes yellow, Lamellie agnate white
15894 Cap somew. umbonate striated yellowish-white, Lamel. affixed distinct, and stipes rigid smoothish white
******* Stem juiceless, rootless, but swollen at base into a glohe, Cap blunt.
15895 Pale-brown, Cap conical smooth, Lamellae loose compact, Stipes thickan hairy
2 Cap or stem viscid, Gulls adnate or decurrent.
15896 Cap obtuse striated and elongated, Stipes yellow viscid, Lamelle uncinate
15897 Cap umbonate becoming depressed striated cinereous, Lamelia decurrent white, Stipes short firm viscid
3. Dry, Cap finally depressed, Gills decurrent.
* Firm, persistent, with a firm stem.
-
15898 Cap somewhat membranous campanulate striated at edge, Lamellae decurr. very broad, Stipes solid thin
** Delicate, withering, with a capillary stem.
15899 Cap thin hemispher becom unbilicat, and striat Lamel, uncin decurr dist. Stipes short incurv, smooth
15900 Thin rosy, Cap campanulate smooth, Lamellae broad distant, Stipes capillary with a strigose bulb
15901 Slender, Stipes slender with stiff wool at base, Cap depressed hemispherical
1. Cap somewhat membranous, Guis decurrent.
* Small, Cap membranous.
15902 White, Cap convex smooth, Lamellae distant, Stipes attached to the base of a convex radiat. membranc
15903 Cap convex glabrous orange-yellow, Lamellae whitish distant, Stipes yellowish
15904 Testaceous rufous pallid, Cap funnel shaped: disk smooth, Lamellae narrow, Stipes firm
15905 Cap convex umbilicated striate, Lamellae broad pale, Stipes solid short thickish
the base
15906 Cap depress, in centre: marg. turned down striate,
mel. dist rather broad white, Stipes short pubesc.
15907 Stipes solid thickened at base ferruginous downy

** Large, Cap somewhat membranous.
15908 Tender cinereous blackish, Cap funnel-shaped striated, Lamel, lin. Stipes somew, solid tough will. at base
15909 Thin pale cinereous, Cap somewhat funnel-shaped smooth oblique, Stipes thick
2. Cap fleshy, membranous, Gills adnate.
15910 Odor. Cap nearly plane pale yellow, or brown-white when dry, Lamel. numer, whit. Stipes holl. white
15911 Livid, Cap somewhat membranous plane striated, Lamellae distant, Stipes fistular
[attenuat. above
15912 Cap somew, fleshy funn.-shap, smooth dark-brown grey: marg. reflexed, Lamel. dist grey. Stipes elastic
15913 Cap thin campanulate green at centre brown and plaited at margin, Stipes smooth hollow
3. Cap
coriaceous, somewhat corky, soft, Gills decurrent.
15914 Cap regular umbilicat whitish with black. hairy scales, Lamel. denticul, white, Stipes thin minutely scaly
15907
15006
15011
15913
15912
15910
* 11, omphalia. From *****, the navel, in reference to the young form of the pileus. Many of the spe
otes are of the smallest size.
None are eatable.

3 S st
--
- -
CRYPTOGAMIA.
998
15915 lepideus Fries
monstrous
variable
deformed
cochleate
caespitose
1 my.jn. pa. Oc. pine trunks Schaeff t 29 squamosus

3 my jn. :Oc pine trunks Sower.t.382. tuberformis
3 sp. aut. sh old trunks Sower. t. 168. confluens
solitary
scaly
a monstrsus Fries
15916 cochletus Pers,
CLAss XXIV.
12. PLEURotus. Fries.

15917 dryinus Pers.
oak
au. no. Wsh
oak trees
Schaeff't.233.dimidiatus
birch trees
Nees pilze, f. 176
15918 torulsus Pers.
knotted
very tough
13.jl. oct. Rsh
15919 conchtus Bull

15920 ostreatus Jacq.
shell-shaped
oyster
gregarious
eatable
1 jl. sep. Cinn. birch trees Bull. t. 298

* sp. aut. Cin. trun. of trees Sowerby, t. 241
15921 petaloides Bull.

15922 porrigens Pers
petaloid
pine
gregarious
15923 flabellifrmis Bolt.
flabelliform
15924 ulmrius Bull.
Elm
15925 palmtus Bull.

15926 serotinus Pers.
15927 stipticus Bull.
Jicoides With.
lmate
ate
stiptic
sep. oc. Brsh beech trees Bulliard, t. 226.557. f. 2

jl nov. W.
pine trees
* jL nov. Pa. Br sides of trees Bolton, t. 157
caspitose
3 oc.dec. Pale
trun. of trees Sowerby, t. 67
caespitose
2 oc.dec. Br
dwarf
oak trees
Sowerby, t. 62
trun. of trees Bux. cent. 5. t. 2. f. 2
1 oc.jan. Ol
# oct. ap. Tann. trun. of trees Sow.t.109.flabelliformis
gregarious
nestling
Fries prickly
imbricated
imbricated
soft
variable
gregarious
gregarious
lateral
imbricated
1 sep. n.
+ sep. n.
sep. n.
* sum.
tremulous
pubescent
cup-shaped
almost sessile
delicate
delicate
* aut. sp. Cin.
Sowerby, t. 242
decay. trun. Sower.
decay. trun. Sowerby, t. 301
13.jn oct. W
woods
15928 nidulans Pers.
15929 mastructus
#
mllis Pers.
imloricated
thin
5931 varibilis Pers.

15932 laterlis Fl. Dan,
15933 trmulus Schaff
15934 septicus Fries
15935 applictus Batsch
oc.dec. Ysh
Gr
Y. Br
W
Umb.
* au.dec. Gr
+ au. oc. W
fallen trees
beech trunks Sower. t. 99 echinatus
beech trunks Sowerby, t 98

beech trunks Sowerby, t. 97. niveus
birch trunks Fl. danica, t. 1556. f. 2
earth
#"
-
13. Mou'ceRoN. Bauh.
15936 Prnulus Caesalp.
French Mushr. esculent
$15. ClrroPI'lus. Fries.

garden
repand
15939 fertilis Pers.
prolific
15940 sinutus Bull.
burnt sugar-sce.
15937 hortnsis Fries
15938 rhodoplius Fries

1594.1 maritimus With.
scashore
elastic
beautiful
gregarious
fragrant
small
15942 leoninus Schaff

tawny
15943 Pl(iteus Batsch.
sooty
1944 phlebphorus Ditt. wrinkled
fragile
Sower. t. 143 pallidus
aut.
Sooty gard on ear.
jl. nov. Livid damp places Bolton, t. 6 repandus
aut
P. Lv. hedge rows Bulliard, t. 534
5 oct.
W.Y damp woods Bulliard, t. 579. f. 1
W
1 Oct.
damp woods
au. oc. Y
beech woods Schaeffer, t. 48
Sooty trun. of trees Sowerby, t. 108. latus
ju oct. Ol
decay. wood Grev. crypt. 3, 173
gregarious
solitary
pretty
13 au.sep. Lilac grassy hills Bolt. t.41, purpureus

2 jl. sep. B
among grass Sow. t. 161. columbariu
caespitose
Sow. t. 174 molliusculus

4 spring Cinn. fir woods
3 jan. d. Sooty everywhere Bolton, t. 35 fissus
variable
reticulatus With.
15. LEProN1A. Fries.

15945 griseocyneus Fries blue-gray
15946 chalybeus Pers.
dove-colored
16. NoLANEA. Fries.
1594.7 majlis Fries
early
15948 pascuus Pers.
meadow
$ 17. Ecci'llA. Fries.

15949 asprllus Fries
roughish
15950 quilus Fries
exposed
15951 politus Fries
polished
variable
gregarious
subsolitary
gregarious
15952 carneo-lbus With salmon-color'd gregarious
1* sum.
Gr
grassy places
1 au.sep. Umb. river sides

3 au. oc. Livid among grass
1 au. oc. W
among grass
the side;
the pileus is always inserted out of the centre. A tribe of peren.

nial, innocuous, often eatable fungi, always found upon trees.
6, 12. Pleurotus. From
13, Mouceron.
An old French name of certain eatable fungi. This, no doubt, is the origin of our word
Mushroom. A. prunulus is said to be one of the Very best of mushrooms; it is common in woods, among grass.
* 14. Clitopilus. A name analogous to Clitocybe, $ 8, as the group is also. Species of the middle size, nearly
destitute of smell, mild, but not used as food.
ORD. IX. Taraz I.
999
15915 Cap compact unequal paleochraceous, Scales spot-like more opaque, Lamellae torn, Stipes stout scaly
s Stipes long curved, Cap small
15916 Cap tough somewhat lobed twisted smooth rufous, Lamellae toothed pallid, Stipes firm furrowed rufous
1. Weil universal, Cap compact, horizontal.
15917 Hard, Cap oblique smoothish whitish, Scales brownish, Veil fugacious
2. Weil none, Cap/teshy, Gills decurrent.
Cap always entire.
15918 Cap tough depressed reddish tan-color, Lamellae rather crisp paler, Stipes short grey downy
** Cap entire or halved.
15919 Cap tough deformed pink cinnamon-color, Lamel entire and short irregul. Stipes downy at base and pallid
1592.0 Tufted, Stipes sublateral or none, Cap smooth fleshy pale blueish-grey or brown, Lamella whitish often
anastomosing at the base
- Cap always halved, somewhat ascending.
15021 Ascending, Cap spatulate whitish-brown, Disk and stipes somewhat villous, Lamel. compact lin. white
15922 White, Cap ascending sessile ear-like glabrous, Lamellae narrow linear quite entire
15923 Cap flattish smooth pale-brown, Margin and lamellae crenate, Stipes short or none
3. Peil none, Cap-fleshy, when young horizontal, Gills terminating in a determinate manner.
15924 Cap compact, smooth pale whitish, Lamellae adnate or subdecurrent whitish, Stipes strong ascending
incrassated at the base excentrical
15925 Cap smooth rufous, Lamellae adnate of the same color, Stipes out of the centre smooth whiter
15926 Cap comp, somew. visc. olive-green, Lamel adnate comp. pallid, Stipes short rather on oneside sootyscaly
15927 Cap coriaceous reniform rather tan-colored, Epidermis separating into scurfy scales, Lamellae veiny con
nected, Stipes lateral frosted
4. Cap fleshy, when young resupinate, Gills running together in a point out of the centre.
15928 Cap fleshy reniform downy yellowish, Lamellae orange-yellow
15929 Cap fleshy
mouse-color, Upper stratum gelatinous, Lamellae greyish-white
15930 Cap soft smooth gibbous pale-yellow brown, Lamellae pale reddish-brown somew, ventricose, Stipes none
15931 Cap membranaceous white cottony at first subresupin at length reflexed, Lamel. whit afterw, pink.-buff
15932 Cap fleshy smooth umber-colored: the upper layer gelatinous, Lamellae pale becoming yellow
5. Cap membranous, Gills adnate, or running together in one point.
15933 Capreniform diaphanous, Lamellae linear, Stipes marginal ascending villous
[like B
15934 Cap at first resupinate: afterw, reflex. smooth downy, Lamel radiat. Stipes thin incurved downy,
15935 Cap subsessile: at first resupinate; afterwards reflexed frosted villous at base, Lamellae lax
1593G Cap compact flattish white, Lamellae white becoming pink
1. Gills affired. Tennesratal.
15937 Cap somewhat umbonate sooty black. Lamel flat decurr twist whit. Stipes hollow thickened downwards
159.8 Cap somewhat umbonate silky livid, Lamellae adnate whitish rose-colored, Stipes hollow smooth white
15939 Cap somew. umbon smooth livid pale, Lamel. annexed flesh-colored, Stipes solid smooth somew, bulbous
15940 Broad, Cap smooth yellowish-white, Lamelle loosely attached very broad rufous, Stupes solid equal white
15941 Small, Cap convex and stipes white, Lamellae adnate
2. Gills altogether distinct. Upon Wood.
15942 Cap somewhat membranaceous smooth yellow, Stipes solid striated
15243 Cap fleshy smooth blackish soot-color, Stipes firm with black fibres
15944 Cap convex at length plane clear olive or yellowish-brown smooth but minutely rug. as if veined towards
the centre, Stipes hollow rather twisted, Lamellae ventricose
15945 Cap
grey-lilac
colored,
loose,
Stipes hollow
fibrous
casious
15946
Cap scaly
somewhat
squamose
blue,Lamellae
Lamellae
bluish-white
adnate
at length
purple, Stipes solid smooth bluish
-
15947
somew.
Lamel,
loose
rosy, Stipes
hollow
striated
15948 Cap
Cap irregular
campanul,smooth
expanded
blackcinnamon-colored,
soot-color when dry
paler
andtoothed
silky, Lamel.
almost
loosetwisted
dirty flesh-col.
15949 Cap fibrous scaly livid-grey, Lamel adnate and fistular, Stipes (which is white with wool at the base) paler
15950 Cap squamulose umber-colored, Lamellae sinuate affixed purplish, Stipes solid short
15951 Cap smooth with a striated edge and the fistular equal, Stipes livid, Lamella decurrent
15952 Lamellae salmon-colored not numerous, Cap and stem white
15938
15046
15036
* 15. Leptonia. From Airror, slender. Small permanent, elegant, scentless, insipid, not used for food.
They are in perfection at the end of summer.
* 16. Nolanea. From nola, a bell. Terrestrial, various, of a thin watery substance, insipid not eatable.
Easily distinguished by their habit.

$ 17. Eccilia.
From taxalaea, to excavate. Small, terrestrial, inodorous, insipid.

3 S 4
1000
CLAss XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
18. TELAMo'NIA. Fries.

15953 torvus Fries
tawny
15954 brun'neus Pers.
strong scent. 4 Jul. oc. Br

damp woods Bull. t. 600 araneosus
weak scented 4 jl. nov. Pa.U. pine woods
brown
spongisus With.
15955 everhius Fries
dismal
15956 sublantus Sowerb, half-woolly

15957 bulbsus Sowerb.
bulbous
solitary
5 jl. nov. Pu. Brpine woods Sower. t. 125. impuber
radish scent.
radish scent.
3 au. oc. Ol. Br woods

4 au. oc. Br
among grass
Sowerby, t. 224
Sowerby, t. 130
shewy
solitary
4 au. oc. Vi
4 au. oc. Cin,
Bul.
19. INolo'MA. Fries.

15958 violceus L.
violet
cobwebbed
15959 pholidius Fries
groves
woods
Bolton, t. 52
fl.psammoce
#
alus
15960 spilomus Fr.
spotted
solitary
3 au.sep. Pa. Br woods
15961 scatirus Fries
curved
soft
3 jan. oc. Ol
15962 callochrus Pers.

15963 glaucopus Schaff
fine-skinned
blue-footed
insipid
gregarious
4 au. oc. Psh

3 au. oc. Ol
15964 vrius Schaeff.

15965 turbintus Bull,
thick-footed
turbinate
variable
soft
4 au. oc. Y
everywhere Sower. t. 102, turbinatus
4 sep.no. Y
damp woods Bulliard, t. 110
$ 20. DERMo'cybe. Fries.

15966 sanguineus Wulf bloody
15967 cinnammeus L. cinnamon
handsome
variable
13 jn.nov. Crim. woods

Sowerby, t. 43
3 jn. dec, Cinn. everywhere Sowerby, t. 205
15968 hel'volus Pers.
dirty
2 jn.dec. Cinn, woods
Sow. t. 173, hinnulcus
15969 Ccumis Pers. Cucumber-scented strong smell.
3 au. oc. Pu.Br woods
Sower. t.344 fuscipes
15970 Armeniacus Schaff Apricot-color. softish

15971 castneus Bull.
Chesnut-color. gregarious
3 jl. nov. Pa. Br woods

2 jl. nov. Ches. woods
Schaeff. t. 81
15972 hybridus Sowerby hybrid

15973 testceus With.
testaceous
15974 flvidus Sowerby yellowish
variable
crooked
soft
2 my..no. Or
4 sept. Y
Sowerby, t. 221
plantations
2 sept.
$ 21. PHolioTA.
15975 aireus Sowerby
15976 capertus Pers.
15977 aurivllus Batsch
15978 squarrsus Pers
15979 flammans Batsch
Fries.
golden
pale
filamentous
squarrose
flame-colored
subcaespitose
solitary
solitary
caespitose
elegant
6 sep. oc. Fulv. damp earth Sowerby, t: 77

5 jul.oct. Lem. mount. woo, Fl. dan. t. 1675
2 au.dec. Ferr roots of trees Gre cryp. fit 2 floccosus
3 jul.oct. Y
pine trees
Batschel. f. 30
brownish
Ysh
Sow. t.384.fl. arancasus
Batsch cent. 2. f. 184

Bat.cent.1.f.74 subpurp.
woods & hea. Sowerby, t. 223
woods
woods
fir leaves
Bulliard, t. 268
3 oc. no. Y
old trees
Schae.t.209 filamentosus
rheoides With.
15980 murictus Fries
muricated
variable
2 juloct. Dl.Y commons
15981 mutabilis Schaff
unequal
changeable
variable
eatable
2 juloct. Dl.Y commons

3 my..no. Pa. Ci. on trees
15982 constrictus With.
contracted
watery
scarisus With.
& inaqulis Batt.
# sept.
Bolt, t:50. luteus

Schaeff. t. 9
Y.Br rotten wood

-
15957, *
>
-
*: N.
'Y.
18. Telamonia. So named on account of their gigantic stature. The species are among Agarics what Ajax
Telamonius was among men. Large, terrestrial, firm species, none of which are eaten. The species of this and
the next subgenus are extremely difficult to determine; not only on account of their size, but of their colors,
which vary exceedingly at different periods of their growth, as well as according to their situation. Their colors
are also intermediate between fulvous, testaceous, cinnamon, &c., which are very difficult to describe. The most
constant marks are, first, smell; second, surface of pileus being fibrous or viscid; third, the situation of the
lamellae, whether they are compact or distant; and fourth, their color in the young state, in which it must be
observed, that they are always described.
The A: bulbosus of Hudson and Ray is referred by Withering to A. violaceus of Linnaeus; which has fixed
purple gills, numerous, eight in a set; long gills, sometimes cloven, and a few of them decurrent: purple pileus,
soft, smooth, firm, convex, but centrally depressed with age, and cracking at the edge, which is somewhat
turned down, from half an inch to five inches over: stem solid, cylindrical, purple, bulbous at the base, from
9ne, to four inches high, and from a quarter to one inch in diameter; and curtain like a cobweb. in maturity
it plentifully emits a powder of the color of Spanish snuff. It is not uncommon from October to December
in Edgbaston and Barr plantations, in the woods near Bath, and at Powick, near Worcester. With much
broiling and duly seasoned, it is esteemed as delicious as an oyster. Another variety, which is the A. varius of
Bolton, is found on grass-plats and new-mown fields in July. It has chocolate gills, from brown to black,
0d. IX. . I.
FUNGI HYMKNOMYCETES.
violet
.. uiiKiit-orown
whenout,dryobtuse
testaeorLarael.
ciimam.
Longbulb.stipesand
veil white
... ...
uuiDous
scaly. Veil fuscous
L Cap
scaly, orfib/
uml-onate,
neverdepress?!}.
X^S Cap
êp umbonate
vcry conTex
du"alwaysdry,
or brownish-violet,
distant violet,
greyishclay-colored,
violet withinStipes
squarrose
with hairy sooty Lamella;
cales, Lamella?
compactStipe*
violetspongy
becoming
transversely
with black
15960 Capscaly
umhon.
smooth, handed
pale-brown,
Lamel. compact violet discolor. Stipe* taper, varieg. with brown scales
2Capsmooth,
humid,
viscid,
obtuse, finally
depressed, bulbous
Stem blue, becoming while.
Ij&jl Cap equal viscid. Lamella? compactalways
olive-purple,
Sti)>es attenuated
15 Compact
Cap equal rounded.
viscid smooth,
Lamella; compact
violet-purple.glutinous
Stipes bulbous
becoming
white from
violet
1j96J
Cap olivaceous
or brownish-grey
while young,
Lamellae
reddish-brown
tinged
with
violet,
Stipes
thick
tinged
with
violet
â'> yel,ow
humid
viscid,compactquite
Lamel. compact
serrt
whit.-cjrsious, Stipes
tapering
white
15965 ^1'
Cap smooth
viscid *omew.
yellow orscaly
tawny,
Lamella!
entire
yellowish-cinnamon,
Stipes
bulb, white
1. Cap scaly orfibrous, Stem color as Ike cap or paler. Growing on i .
Cap
Cap glabrous
slightly fleshy
somew. scaly, and
(whichatfirst
isthinconvex.
andI.imclla*
eq.) dullnumerous
sang. Lamel.
affix,yellow-cinnamon,
more dull-color.
* stipes
Capfleshy,
197
subcarnoseobtusely
unibonatecinnamon-color,
adnate
rarely straightsubfarinaceous, Lamella;cinnamon-color broad numerous, Stipes whitish
lo968 CapStipes
pale yellowish
reddish-butt'umbonate
often with a few remains ofthe veil attached
Ij969 Cap soraew. fleshy becom. umbon.
brown-purple,
Lamel. affix ventric. ferrugin. Stipes fuscous
** Cap smnothish
somewhatfleshy,
atfirst campanulate.
2. Capumbonate
smooth, lallid,
but withI.amella:
a few surfacefibres,
Stem white. Growing
the earth.
,la
- ~, Cap
, P somewhat
bluntly
compact
cinnamon-colored,
Stipes solidonLamella
tapering
upwards
white
tleshy convex becoming bluntly umbonate chesnut-colored,
affixed compact
violet-testaceous, Stipes short firm
22
convexbrown-vellow,
humid orange-colored
yellow,
Stipesscored
hollowish
. ynP
S. orCapfulvous,
smooth,
dry.
ajfixed.
J73
I-araella;
Cappale-ye'llow
deep-vcllow
bossedLamella;
in theGills
centre,
Stipes
yellow thickset downwards
\
Lamella*
reddish-buff, Cap
bossed,
Stipes
pale-yellow
l-'-î '*' Cap fleshy : scales few hairy, Lamellre annexed. Stipes solid smooth, Annulus email
J* P>HdCap
lemon-colored
: hairs
while ;appressed,
disk uniform
scales
towards disk, Stipes solid white
|m
yellowor: scales
scattered
Stipeswithsolidscatter
fibrous
long-rooted
i },omPacti
i ]' Hi -hy brownish
reddish-yellow
scaly with fascicular
filam.
: scales
revol. Stipes squarr. with scales
wyâ tap fleshy dry yellow : scales hairy scattered, Lamella; at first yellow, Stipes equal squarrose
15980 Cap slightly fleshy obt fulvous-yellow vilL with stalked scales, Lamel. adnate : at first yell. Stipes fistuL
159?! Cap carcely fleshed glabrous striate: when moist dull cinnamon-color becoming pale. Lamelle
UMe UP
r CWTent
numerousbluntlv
reddish-brown.
Stipes hollow
He
yellow-brown
conical, Lamellas
brown,auhinrurred
Stipes brown scurfy. Veil permanent
15975
andconical,
Miscellaneous
Particulars.
ll'*thouÎlp*r,i P'leue mouse-color,
and pointed;
stem of the same color, cylindrical, and firm.
;:it'"f
a
nh?
h
c?mmont
a
very
beautiful
species.
In
a
summer
morning
it isandcovered
with ofa the
bloom
like
niBlth Zl ',navin8 ofte" aRHttering spangledappearance ; its form
is regular,
the fringe
curtain
Anther variety,
with thein which
stem ofcasea the
darkstem,
mulberry
is found
in wetgrass,gravel
where
'Hi'"assiroUl
a LV u an j "onM'tini
on cow-dung,
undercolor,
the shelter
of long
is covered
in( in|!
"ame wi,nsucculent,
the sameautumnal,
meaning asandTricholoma,
( 5..nottoaswhich
species eatable.
are analogous.
d^ ' I"1'A newhat
terrestrial,
but
astheis known,
/*> 8.* ekm

or membrane,
and xvu,
head,
in farallusion
to the naturehasofgills,
the
lr m a Aiho?'^'
set h ? toFrom
c,'tocvl>e,
Of middle
sije, or small
; scarcely
eatable.
A. cinnamomeus
""non
rnl
7?
the
mld<Ile
deep
tawny
red,
and
fixed
by
daws
;
pileue
convex,
but
bossed,
ofa
rich
lV. hinino
*?.,nchee
oneh'gh,
an(1 athick
hillfas10a'bree
and a halfa inches
the stem
cvlindrical,
"til
"liitinmiguisncd
fine infulldiameter
yellow ; color.
Thishollow,
is aand
species
,orby its cinnamon
color. Ftgoose-quill,
is (bund inof wood*
September
and October,
has athat
goodis
d MmJ'uL
From
a
cale.
Species
of
various
habits.
Some
are
terrestrial,
others,
grow
upon
m urge, others of a smaller sise
--
----- -
*------
- -
- -
- - -
1002
*CRYPTOGAMMA.
* 22 MvxA'cruM. Fries.
15983 collinitus Sowerby besmeared
15984 longicadus Fries long-tailed
flerudisus With.
$.23. HEBELo'MA. Fries.
membranous
15985 fastibilis Pers.
solitary
CLAss XXIV.
woods
5 jl.nov. Or
Sowerby, t. 9
Tann. pine woods
4 oct.
stinking
2: jl.nov. Wsh everywhere Schaeff. t. 221. gilvus
connate
caespitose
subcaespitose
2 au.no. Ysh
2 sep.oc. Ysh
trun. of trees Schaeff. t.35

trun. of trees Bol.t.148.radicato-ram.
frothy
on earth, &c. Battarra, t. 22. C.
multiform
$ 24. FLAM'MULA. Fries.
15986 flvidus Sch off

15987 inopus Fries
connatus With.
15988 spumsus Batt.
yellowish
gregarious
3 au.no.
$ 25. INo'cybe. Fries.

15989 scber Sowerby
rough
15990 plumsus Bolton
feathery
15991 lanuginsus Bull
woolly
solitary
solitary
solitary
1* aug.
Sooty pine woods Sowerby, t. 207

Gr
woods
Bolton, t.33
4 aut.
Bulliard, t.370
3 jul.scp. Brsh way sides
15992 rimsus Bull.
Ysh
variable
2 jn.sep. Y.Br. woods
Grev. crypt. 3. 128
15993 geophyllus Sowerby earth-leaf
variable
2 jul.oct. Wsh
Sowerby, t. 124
15994 furfursus With

$26. NAuco'Ria.
15995 consprsus Pers
15996 furfurceus Pers.
watery
1 june
gregarious
gregarious
13 jn.oct. Cinn damp woods Pers ic. t. 12. f. 3

2 au.oc. Cinn dead Ivs. &c. Sch.t.226 pulverulentus
cracked
scurfy
Fries.
sprinkled
mealy
woods
Y.Br hedges
viridarius With.
15997 hippopinus With

rounded
27. GALERA. Fries.
15998 clus With.
campanulate
15999 tner Schaeff
tender
16000 hypnrum Schrank Moss
crooked
brittle
small
6 jl.oct. Pa. Br hea. of rubb.

4 my..no. Y.Br grassy places Sowerby, t. 33.
1 jl.nov. Ferr. among moss Sch. t.63 campanulatus
16001 atrorfus Bolton

16002 nuceus Bolton
slender
slender
3 aut.
4 oct.
compact
3 au.no. Ferr, woods
dark-brown
hazel-nut
+ aut.
brittle
Pa. Br Sco. fir cones
Br
pastures
Pa. Br fir woods
Bolton, t, 51. f. 1
Bolton, t. 70
$28. TAPINEA. Fries.

16003 involtus Batsch
adstus With.
involute
$ 29. CREPIDo'TUs. Fries.

16004 aurnti-ferrugi. Wi. orange-brown solitary
16005 foetidus With.
fetid
16006 vulpinus Sow.

foxy
16007 mllis Schaff
soft
16008 haustellris Fries
resupinate
resupintus With.
16009 variabilis Pers.
$30. Volv VR1A.

16010 bombycinus Schaff
16011 cepacstipes Sow.
$31. PsAlliotA.
16012 cretceus Bull.
16013 campstris L.
24 aut.
solitary
2 aut.
2 aut.
gregarious
solitary
au.O.C.
au.O.C.
small
* aut.
Or.Br roots of oaks

Dl. Br old willows
Tawn. hollow trees Sowerby, t.361

trun. of trees Sowerby, t. 98
altar rotten branc.
rotten trees Sowerby, t. 97. niveus
variable
solitary
Fries.
silky
eatable
patchy
tufted
Fries.
chalky Mushr eatable
3 au.no. W
comm. Mushr. eatable
2 myoc. Wsh meadows
6 jl.aug. W
4 sum.
Sower. t. 98 contiguus
trun. of trees Schaeff. t. 98
bark of trees Sowerby, t. 2
meadows
Bull. t. S74
Grev. crypt. t. 161
15986
15089
15993
History, Ise, Propagation, Culture,

-
Myracium. So called from wka, mucus, on account of the nature of its surface. The species are
* 22.
large,
solitary, terrestrial, mucous, inodorous, and not eatable: e only species has a nauseous taste. Its lamellae
Th
23. Hebelona. From #2, down, and Xaux, a margin.
are infinite. Common in woods.
are serrated, and distil drops of a peculiar fluid... Its
I varietieshich
is a pale yellow, the color of a weak flame.
* 24. Flammula. so named in allusion to their color, w
firm,
persistent,
rather
bitter, and all eatable. A. socialis and ilici
The species are gregarious, subcaespitose, they are known by the names
of Pivoulade d'eouse and Frigoule.
nus are both eaten at Montpellier, where
A tribe which can be compared to any other.
* 25. Inocybe. From va, fibres, and xv.3", a head.
growing
on
the
ground uring the summer, and not
It consists
fungi of middle-size,
or account
smaller,ofsolitary,
known
to beofpoisonous;
although, on
their nauseous odor, they are suspicious.
lw
Small gregarious ' fungi, 8 stipules, leaves, wood, and even muddy
* 26 Naucoria.
eir stature is that of oilybia, but their veil is of the same nature as
earth,
fragile,
and
without
any
smell.
that of Lepiota, resembling the kernel of a nut (naucum), whence
-
they are named.
orp. ix. Talas I.
100s
15983 Cap fleshy smth orange-brown, Lamel. pur. : then ferrugin. Stipes part across into bluish gelatin. scales
15984 Cap somewhat fleshy smooth, Lamella. cinnamon-colo
Stipes long smoothish
15985 Cap somewhat repand opaque, Stipes scaly white, Sporidia clay-color
1. Cap dry, Gills adnate, Tufted. Gaowino on wood.
15686 Cap smooth yellowish, Lamellae adnate yellow-ferruginous, Stipes fibrous
15987 Cap smooth yellowish, Lamellae affixed yellow, Stipes fibrous pallid solid
2. Cap viscid, Gills adnate, Not tufted. Gnowino Upon mora wood AND Earth.
15988 Yellowish, Cap smooth viscid, Lamellae adnate, Stipes hollow tapering at base
1. Stem fibrous or scaly with fibres.
15989 Cap fleshy obtuse scaly brownish-grey, Lamellae free or nearly so, Stipes solid fibrillose
15900 Cap somew, fleshy hemispherical mouse-color, Stipes solid thin long scaly squarr. Lamel, somewhat loose
15991 Cap somewhat fleshy convex scaly-villous, Lamellae loose and solid: then fibrous, Stipes solid
2. Stem nearly at the top with white scales.
15992 Cap dry campanulate at length nearly plane: surface splitting longitudinally pale shining-brown,
Stipes solid somewhat tuberous at the base
15993 Cap conical at length expanded umbonate silky, Lamellae subadnate, Stipes solid slender sprinkled with
white pulverulent particles
15994 Cap yellow-brown scaly, Gills watery white irregular, Stem yellow-brown crooked scored
1595 Cap somew, fleshy scurfy scaly rufous cinnam-color. Lamel emarg. lin. cinnam-color. Stipes scaly at end
1<>, Cap somew, fleshy: then umbilicat.scaly or silky, Lamel, somew decurr. cinnam-color. Stipes fistul scurfy
15997 Cap dark-brown convex, Lamellae light-brown, Stipes light-brown

15968 Cap somewhat membranous smooth pallid, Lamel, somewhat loose saffron-color. Stipes long villous white
15 Cap obtusely conical stri. when moist: when dry smth. ochrac. Lamel. adnate lin. Stipes long glab fragile
16000 Minute, Cap campanulate striate: when moist reddish-buff becoming pale, Lamellae adnate rather broad
distant, Stipes somewhat crooked filiform
16001 Cap somewhat conical: when dry elastic, Lamellae few trifid, Sti
very long and slender
16002 Cap globose chesnut-color lobed and incurved at edge, Lamel. trifid wavy, Stipes slender white fistulous
16003 Compact,
depressed ochrey-brown with a tomentose involute margin, Lamellae mostly dichotomous,
Stipes thick often excentrical
16004
16005
16006
16007
Cap convex scaly cracked and i

ular, Lamellae orange-brown, Stipes stout somewhat lateral
Cap conv. viscid becom wrinkled dull-brown: marg. invol. Lamel, adnate yellow. Stipes hard thick black
Imbricated sessile fulvous, Cap fleshy obovate scaly towards the margin
Cap subsessile smooth flaccid pale, Lamellae watery cinnamon-colored
-
1008 Cap reniform villous pale tan-color, Lamellae rounded ferruginous, Stipes lateral tapering upwards white
16009 Cap membranous reflexed silky downy white, Lamellae whitish
16010 Cap silky white, Lamellae flesh-colored, Stipes solid tapering incurved, Volva lax
16011 Cap campanulate with scattered scales, Stipes hollow ventricose smooth below
16012 White, Cap dry smoothish, Lamellae loose broadest in front, Stipes hollow smooth, Annulus ascending
16013 Cap white fleshy dry subsquamose or sericeous, Lamellae free ventricose pink changing to dark-fuscous
solid white with an annular veil

15099
10000
16006
Sl
-i.
1601.1
* 27. Galera. From galea, a helmet, in reference to the figure of their pileus. The species are slender,
fragile, tolerably permanent, mostly growing on the ground, and for the most part choosing humid stations.
They have neither smell nor use.
* 28. Tapinea. Fungi of various natures, deriving their name from raruvaal, to depress. Mostly terrestrial
and permanent, but scarcely fit for food.
$ 29. Crepidotus. These plants form a transition to Pratella. They grow on wood or trees, and are hardly
eatable. A. olearius, a species which grows upon olives in the south of Europe, a poisonous species, exhibits a
phosphoric appearance in the night. A translucens, a French species, is eaten by the poor of Montpellier.
$ 30. Wolvaria. So called from the magnitude of their volva. The species grow in fertile manured spots, or
on wood, are soft and soon perishable. The larger are fit for food.
31. Psalliota. Mostly eatable. Named from Qaxxus", a chain-bit, in the same sense as Armillaria,
To this place belongs the common Mushroom, A. campestris, so called from Mouceron, the French name of
another eatable kind. It is found all over Europe, the north of Asia, and of Africa, and in North America
1004
CRYPTOGAM.I.A.
16014 Gergii Sowerby
St. George's
16015 praecox Pers.
early
eatable
tufted
6 appendicultus Sow.appendaged
tufted
2 delictus. With.
elicate
16016 semiglobtus Batsch half-rounded
16017 squamsus Pers. scaly
16018 versicolor With. changeable-col.
16019 aeruginsus Fl.lond verdigrease
16020 littreus With.
sea-shore
HYPholoMA. Fries.
solitary
gregarious
solitary
spongy
pretty
solitary
4 aut.
21 spr.su. Ysh
CLAss XXIV.
Wsh mead.& woo. Sowerby, t. 304

among grass
spr.su.
spr.su.
3 my..no.
4 sep.no.
2 july
1* au. no.
Ysh
Ysh
Y
Y
G.Br
Y.G
meadows
woods

among grass Bolt. t. 67 f. 1. durus
Sowerby, t. 248
1 oct.
Y. Br
woo. & fields
groves
woods
Sowerby, t. 264
16021 lachrymab(indusSow.weeping
fragile
2 au. no. W. Br on ground
16022 lateritius Schaff one-sided

16023 fasciculris Huds. bundled
$33. Psilocybe. Fries.
16024 myostis Fries
olive
caespitose
caespitose
2, my oc. Fulv. trun. of trees Bolt, t, 5. pomposus
gregarious
3 sep.no. G.Ol damp places

4 juloct. Liv.Y cow dung
16025 stercorrius Schum adnate

adntus Hudson
16026 ericae"us Pers.
heath
brittle
variable
16027 fusco-purpreus Wi. brown-purple twisting

16028 callsus Fries
callous
gregarious
S vrius Bolton
various
gregarious
$34. PsATHYRA. Fries.
16029 stiptus Pers.
stalked
tufted
16030 tentculum Sower. slender
fragile
16031 cuspidtus Bolton cuspidate
$ 35 CoPRINARIUs. Fries.
16032 semiovtus Sowerby half-ovate
13 my..no. Ysh
Sowerby, t. 41
decay. trees Sowerby, t. 285
4 jul.oct. Br
damp places Schaeff. t. 210, helvolus

among grass
way sides
Sow. t.248.fl. semigiob.
3 au. no. Livid way sides
Bolton, t, 66. f. 1
2 aut.
Pa. Br
3 au. no. Y
3 jl. nov. Br
trun. of trees Bolt. t. 15. concinnus
33 au. no. Brsh gardens
Sowerby, t.385. f. 1
thin
4 aut.
R. Br pastures
Bolton, t. 55
upright
6 sum.
Wsh cowdung
Sowerby, t. 131
corontus With.
16033 finiptris Bull.
shield-headed fragile
4 au. oct. Ciner. horse dung
Bolt. t. 57 clypeatus
16034 papilionceus Bull, butterfly
unpleasant
3 my..no. Sooty dunghills
Bulliard, t. 58
16035 Boltni Pers.

16036 titubans Bull.
Bolton's
fragile
3 spring Y
3 au.sep. Y
Sower. t. 96. flavidus

Sowerby, t. 128
16037 papyrceus Pers.
papery
16038 dissemintus Pers, scattered
semitranspar. 3 aut.
Wsh oak trees
Bolt t.11 membranace.
gregarious
1 spr. au. Ysh trun. of trees Sowerby, t. 166 striatus
2366. COPRI*NUS. Link. CoPainus.

16039 comtus Link.
maned
gregarious
2 au. oct. W
gardens
subsolitary
5 sep. oc. Wsh

6 jn. dec. Br
shady woods Sowerby, t. 170

trun. of trees Sow. t 188.A. fimetarius
delicate
A. cylindricus Sowerby, t. 189

16040 picceus Fries
ventricose
16041 atramentrius Link inky
Sp. 10-24.
tufted
16015
1621
dunghills
dunghills
Grev. crypt. f. t. 119

-
16016
16028
16022
Of all the species of agaric, one only has been selected for cultivation in our gardens, viz. the A. campestris, or
common mushroon, or champignon. The gills of this species are loose, pinky red, changin to a liver-color, in
contact with the stem, but not united to it; very thick set, irregularly disposed, some forked next the stem,
some next the edge of the pileus, some at both ends, and in that case generally excluding the intermediate
smaller gills. The pileus is white, changing to brown when old, and becoming scurfy, regularly convex,
fleshy, flatter with age, from two to four inches, and sometimes nine inches in diameter, and liquefying in
decay; the flesh white. The stem is solid, white, cylindrical, from two to three inches high, half an inch
in diameter; the curtain white and delicate. When this mushroom first makes its appearance, it is smooth
and almost globular; and in this state it is called a button. This species is esteemed the best and most savoury
of the genus, and is much in request for the table in England. It is eaten fresh, either stewed or boiled, and
either as a pickle, or in powder; and it furnishes the sauce called ketchup. The field plants are
Detter for eating than those raised on artificial beds, their flesh being more tender; and those who are accustomed
to them can distinguish them by their smell. But the cultivated ones are more sightly, may be more easily
: and are firmer and better for pickling. The wild mushrooms are found
in parks and other pastures, where the turf has not been ploughed up for many years; and the best time for
collected in the proper state for
gathering them is August and September.
Dr. Withering mentions four varieties.
The A: Georgii of Linnaeus resembles the former, but is much inferior to it in flavor. Its gills are yellowish
white; the pileus yellow, convex, hollow in the centre; the stem yellow, thickish, and smooth; the juice
yellow, which flows plentifully from it when wounded. It is gathered in September in woods and pastures.
A variety of this is found on the sea-coast of Cornwall, of a large size, with the button as big as a potatoe,
ORD. IX. TRIar I.
1005
16014 Cap very fleshy convex white or pale-yellowish mostly smooth, Lamellae broad whitish at length deep
purple-brown, Stipes thick with a persistent collar
16015 Cap fleshy smooth yellowish tan-color, Lamellae annexed with a decurrent tooth pale-brown, Stipes
nearly solid smooth white
16016 Cap hemispher smooth glutin-redd-yell. Lamel. adnate mostly horizont darkly mott. Stipes holl squam.
1617 Cap somewhat viscid yellow : scales scattered concentrical, Lamellae adnate blackish, Stipes solid
16,018 Cap scaly greenish-brown, Lamellae decurrent becoming rufous-brown, Stipes solid bullous
squamose
10,019 Cap fleshy yell, but being cover with a blue slume appear. green. Lamel, adnate purple-brown, Stipes holl.
16020 Stipes solid white, Annulus persistent, Cal fellow-brown, Lamellae adnate reddish-grey
16021 Cap fleshy very fibrous pale yellow-brown, Lamellae dull reddish-brown exuding a thin grey fluid, Stipes
hollow fibrillose thickest at the base
16022 Cap fleshy obt, brown-orange, Lamel slightly green. Stipes filled with a spongy mass stained by the veil
1602.3 Cap somew, fleshy umbon-ochrace, or redd.-orange, Lamel green numer. Stupes holl rather long slender
16024 Cap convex viscid, Lamellae adnate whitish-brown, Stipes long fibrous
16025 Cap obtuse smooth viscid livid-yellow, Lamellae broad decurrent brown, Stipes long naked
16026 Cap convex smooth shining, Lamellae broad adnate blackish, Stipes long naked
16027 Cap light-brown semiglobular, Lamellae purplish-brown broad thin, Stipes reddish-brown
16028 Cap conical dry, Lamellae adnate ascending dark-purple, Stipes tough smooth pale
16020 Cap somew, fleshy smooth fuscous-brown pallid, Lanel adnate numer brown flesh-color. Stipes smooth
160 ad Cap somewhat membranous campanulate obtuse, Lamellae very broad at back adnate cinereous-blackish:
margin pink, Stipes thin smooth
16031 Cap cinnamon-color conical, Lamellae dusky-brown, Stipes brownish cylindrical smooth
16032 cap somewhat fleshy obtusely campanulate glutinous yellowish or brownish-white, Lamellae adnate
eyish-black, Stipes long white, Veil annular entire
16033 cap somewhat fleshy campanulate humid cinereous pallid, Lamellae adnate cinereous-black whole
colored at edge, Stipes long rufous, Annulus ragged
16034 cap somewhat fleshy campanulate dry blackish, soot-colored pallid, Lamella adnate cinereous-dark
white at edge, Stipes long rufous striated at end
16035 Cap convex somewhat umbonate viscid yellow, Lamella annexed pallid, Stipes attenuated smooth yellow
16066 Cap membranaceous plicate viscous yellow, Lamellae scarcely attached to the stipes pale purplish at
ength brown flesh-color, Stipes equal shining
16037 Cap hemispherical smoothish whitish, Lamella loose blackish-purple, Stipes naked white
16038 Gregarious small, Cap ovato-campan. plicate, Lamel subadnate whit. at length grey, Stipes incurv. glab.
16089 Cap somewhat fleshy white sealy, Lamelle white changing to red-purple and to black, stipes sub
bulbous, Veil annular moveable
16040 Cap membranous white separating into broad scales, Lamellae blackish, Stipes bulbous naked
16041 Tufted, Cap somewhat fleshy grey becoming reddish-brown smooth scaly at the apex, Lamel ventricose
white changing to purplish-brown, Stipes equal naked
16030
16032
the expanded pileus eighteen inches over, the stem as thick as a man's wrist, the gills very pale, the curtain
tough, and thick as leather, and the juice yellowish. A plant of this kind, as Dr. Withering informs us, was
gathered on an old hot-bed in a garden in Birmingham, which weighed fourteen pounds.
Greville says, A. Georgii derives its name, according to Parkinson, from springing up about the time of
St. George's
. It is unquestionably the largest of the British agarics. It has been known to weigh fourteen
pounds. Mr. Hopkirk mentions one that weighed five pounds six ounces, and measured forty-three inches in
circumference; but Mr. Stackhouse found it to attain the enormous size of eighteen inches in diameter, which
is fifty-four in circumference, having a stem as thick as a man's wrist. The best distinguishing marks are, the
extreme paleness of the lamellae at the period of the bursting of the veil, compared with the true mushroom;
the greater convexity and thickness of flesh at the same period; and shortly afterwards, the more yellowish
and tough pileus.
32. Hypholoma. So called, from car, a cup, and xalua, an edge. Wood
ies growing in patches.
33. Psilocybe. From Naxor, thin, and zvx, a head. A very natural assemblage. The species are for the
most part terrestrial, inhabiting fertile and somewhat fenny places, growing either solitary or in groups, not
eatable, and subject to much variety of appearance.
$34. Psathyra. So called, from 4a3veer, fragile, on account of their remarkable brittleness. Many species
are found upon moist wood, and in grassy places on a fertile soil.
35. Coprinarius. All the species are found on dung, whence their name, from xercia, dung.
2366. Coprinus. Named for the same reason as the last. The species are gregarious and fugacious. They
are found on dunghills, rich grassy places, and in the hollow trunks of decayed trees. The taste of the
-
1006
CRYPTOGAMIA.
16042 congregtus Fries clustered
CLAss XXIV.
16045 domsticus Fries
snowy
cinereous
domestic
solitary
pretty
16046 plictilis Fries
plaited
tender
3 my no. Ferr. trun of trees Sowerby, t.261

3 au. no. W
horse dung
4 jul. oct. Cin. dunghills
Bolt. t. 156, tomentosus
3 wet w. Sooty walls
Bolton, t. 26
2 sum. Cin. damp places Sowerby, t.364
16047 ephmerus Pers:
ephemeral
fugacious
2 my oc. Br
dunghills
Sow. t. 262 stercorarius
16048 raditus Bolt.
radiated
very oelicate
2 my oc. Cin.
dung
Bolton, t. 39. f. C.
solitary
solitary
Sp. 2-4.
3 ji nov. Pu
3 au. oct. Brsh pine woods Sowerby, t. 105
16043 niveus Pers.
16044 cinreus Fries
tufted
variable
2367. GOM/PHUS. Fries. Gomphus.

16049 glutinsus Fr.
glutinous
16050 rutilus Fr.
sparkling
2368. CANTHAREL'LUS. Adans.
16051 umbontus Pers.
umbonate
16052 aurantiacus Fr.
orange
16053 cibrius Fries

16054 cinreus Fries
eatable
cinereous
ChantARELL.
gregarious
poisonous
16055 cornucopioides Fries purplish

Merlius purpurtus With.
16056 undultus Fries
wavy
16057 lobtus Fries
lobed
16058 lutscens Fries
yellowish
2369. MERU'Ll US Haller.
oblique
2370. SCHIZOPHYL'LUM. Fries.

16060 commune Fr.
esculent
tufted
elastic
2 au. no. Br
tough
tough
spirit-scented
# all sea. Pale on ground Sower. t. 75 floriformis

* spring Brsh humid places Bo.t.177 membranaceus
2 jul. no. Ysh humid places Sow.t.47.A.cantharelloi.
parasite
4 all sea. Y. Br decay, wood Sowerby, t. 113
parasite
4 all sea. Y. Br decay. wood Bolton, t. 74
13 oct.
Dry-Rot.
16059 lchrymans Schum. common

obliquus Bolton
Sp. 843.
S au. no. Cin., among moss Jacq. coll. 2. t. 16.f. 1
fields
Jacq. coll. 2. t. 14. f.5
13.jl. nov. Y
fields
Sow.t.46.A.cantharellus
2 au. no. Or.Y
Common
Blsh among moss Bolt.t:34 infundibularis

Sowerby, t. 74
woods
1-10.
SchizophylluM.
Sp. 1.
gregarious
2 wet w. Grsh trun. of trees Grev. crypt. t. 61
2371. DAEDA/LEA. Pers. DedaleA.

7-30.
16051 quercina Pers.
oak
variable
0 all sea. Pa.Y oak trees
Sowerby, t. 181
16062 binnis Fries
biennial
three inch.br. 1 all sea. Ferr. rotten wood Sowerby, t. 190
birch
smaller
16064 confragsa Pers.
broken
woody
16065 unicolor Fries
16063 betulina Pers.
whole-colored imbricated
gibbous
six inches br.
0 all sea. Pallid birch trees Sowerby, t. 182

0 all sea. Brsh service trees Bolton, t. 160
0 aut.
Sooty trun. of trees Sowerby, t.325
16066 gibbsa Pers.

0 aut.
Wsh trun of trees Sower. t. 194 sinuosus
16067 angustta Fries
tapering
two inches br. 0 aut.
Cin. poplar trees Sowerby, t. 193
2372. POLYPORUS. Micheli. Polyporus.
Sp. 35-143.
1. Favo'LUs. Beauv.
16068 squamsus Fr.
scaly
3-18 inc. wide 2 jn.nov. Ochr. trun. of trees Grev. crypt. 207
16069 heterclitus Fr.
16044
variable
-
2* inches wide 0 aut.
* 16047
Or
on earth
16090*
==
Bolton, t. 164
16058
|*
-//
-7
-
- -
16049
16053 "
*ion:
European species is watery and nauseous; they are therefore not eatable. But in the spice islands, two species
C. moschocaryanus, which is found on the nutmegs, and C. saguarius, which inhabits the pith of the Sago palm,
are said to be most delicious. C. cinereus is extremely rapid in its growth, attaining perfection and dissolving
in the course of a few hours. At its first appearance, it is covered with the delicate frosted remains of the veil.
2367. Gomphus. So named from their form, from 22/421, a club. Large Fungi, scarcely fit for food, with
little taste or smell.
2308. Canthareilus. An alteration of the French Chantarelle. C. cibarius is one of the best of our eatable
mushrooms. The best way of preserving the plants for use is to string them in rows, after they have become
flaccid, and to hang them in a dry place where they can have plenty of air. They then form a delicious
ingredient in rich gravies, &c.
2369, Merulius. "A name applied by the ancients to the common morel, Morchella esculenta. Natives of
rotten wood, which they soften and finally destroy. M. lacrymans, the dry rot, is a pest to the wood of dwel
ling houses, which it speedily destroys. It is said to be destroyed by a wash of diluted sulphuric acid. The
whole plant is generally resupinate, soft, tender, at first very light, cottony and white. When the veins appear,
they are of a fine yellow, orange, or reddish-brown, forming irregular plicae, most frequently so arranged as to
have the appearance of pores, but never anything like tubes. Sometimes the pileus or substance of the plant,
from its situation, produces pendent processes like inverted cones. The whole fructification often forms a
circle of 1-8 inches in diameter."
cept in favorable situations, it does not produce fructification, and
resembles a dry pithy cottony substance, whence it has been called the dry rot.
sinuses contain drops of clear water, which have given rise to the specific name.
When in a perfect state, its
2370. Schizophyllum. From *xra, to cut, and cuxxov, a leaf, in allusion to its lacerated appearance. Found
a IX. I.
1007
33 Tuft.
Cap
membranac
furrow,
furfurac.
brown-orange.
Lame!,
pale
chang.
to
black.
Stipes
equal
fragile
Cap campan
farln.
withmln.cinereous
scales, Stipes
snow-white
tomentose,
LameL narrow
length
brown.-bhirk
45 Cap
furrowed
subtomentose
smooth
on ttic summit,
Lamel
Stipe* tallatStipes
attenuated
upwards
obtusescaly
scurfy
wavy-furrowed
sooty,umbilicated
Lamella;
numerous
linearUn.blackish.
somewhat
silky
6 Cap
Very
tender,
Cap.
conical
at
length
plane
plicate.
Lamellae
not
reaching
to the stipes
distant
dark-grey,
Stipes
smooth
weak
7 Ovato-campanulate
whilesplitting,
young afterwards
glabrous becoming expanded and revolute grey or
tinged
with and
brownscaly
thin
Lamella? distant.
8 Very
delicate
Cap aliform
grey furfuraceous
at length splitting in radiated manner glabrous
brownish
in thefugacious.
centre. Stipes
iswhat
purplish-brown..
Lamella Lamete purple umber-colored
viscid rurous-brown,
1 Cap
fleshydepressed
umbonatedowny
cinereous-blackish,
Stipes solid paler. Plaits
straight
Cap slightly
fleshy
rather
andsmooth
solid. Stipes
Plait*attenuated
straight white
orange-colored
3i2 Rich
buff yellow,
Cappervious
fleshy scaly
Irregular
:Stipes
veinsrange-yellow,
tumid, S:h>e
at the base
Cap funnel-shaped
and hollow.
blackish.
Plaitssolid
distant ciuereous
5 Cap tubeform pervious scaly black umber-color : wrinkles obsolete
eath.
Stipes
7> Horizontal
sessile lobed
Veinsbrown,Veins;
branched
iswavy
dilutepallid
bro'orolivac.
Cap submcmbranac.
funnel-snap, waredyellowish
brown.
Stipes holl.yell.
<9 Effused large yellow ferruginous or deep orange : margin white and cottony, Veins large forming
heir sinuosity
The only species
withcnrky
a woody
aspect,rather
Cap suberose
rugose glab. Hymenium
contorted
sinuose
anastomosing
52 Cap somewhat
depressed
velvety subferruginous,
Hymenium
composed
of labyrinth-like
pores pallid.
grey flesh-color,
Stipes:
nearly
lateral
central
c.
__
N Sessile
Cap
coriaceous
wny.brownish.
Lamelles straight
somewhat
branched
Cap corky-coriaceous
1 illous banded,
jgh
Recesses
labyrinth-like
cinereous
55 Sessile,
Senilecinereous.
Capcorky
coriaceous
Recesses
unequal
somewhat
flexuose
becoming ragged
Sessile
whitish,
Cap
villous
projecting
and
gibbous
at
base.
Pores
linear
siraightish
R Sessile, Cip corky downy banded brownish-cinereous, Pores long narrow olive-yellow
M Large,
Capmere
fleshyreticulations
pale dlrty.yellowlsh
broadverydark-colored
scales, Pores large angular whitish oecomingorange-colored,
at the base,with
Stipes
Sessile
Cap Imbricated
lobed
villous, short
Pores large deformed
16068
and .
'be
trunks
of
leafy
t
through
all
Europe
and
Asia,
the
Gold
Coast, Cape of Good Hope. North
ICi, the Antilles, and S America.
Wm
upon
SS^tSX,
5f
inuo*it'<*.
which
appear
as
If
arranged
arthas,Most
of the
b". mistress*,
a smell likVn,/J
ofmentions,
1>. quercna
isthea good
stypticwith
D.Badalean
suaveolcni
according
>r
, -. ""cd
a" substance
|,",
that
Inlanders
carry
it about
themplant
when
they
,nwhm.
t-lectuarv3 thirhT
themselves
more
agreeable.
From
the
powder
of
the
is
preu *a"t l have been used with success in cases of phthisis. The dose from a scruple
P son? ******s miny,
and ;*. a pore,
on account
ofthe multitude
ofpores
a common
on trunks
of willows,
oaks,haswalnuts,
Ac. which
Fromconstitute
was
t, by Rracnnnot, the Fungtc
acid Itspecies
is
colorless,
does
not
crystallise,
a
very
sour
taste,
andthis
when
posure
to
the
air.
The
fngales
of
potash
and
soda
do
not
cryslalT"owaterluneatP
If ? ' 11 notnotalti
"' alcwh(J-exposure
The fngate
of ammonia
crystallises
regular six-sided
^-raster
atbssmsW^C
to the air,
and is soluble
in aboutineighteen
times its
nt> lhrw; Ul"grecs.ltaly* inby v"rlou
',,l<'."Peasantry
in ifiuswS
P3
of
the
kingdom
of
Naples,
and
the
Pontifical
ticle
of Neapolitan
a Swedish
I*mouth
of kUa 1
1 i . "!,1,,
!"Jd Ie b,tehurt
of ***
"in
says,cookery
that heof P.time
sawannosus,
the
which wasspecie*,
flowingP.is
b1-ni
ttotipedBracounot
in a short
space
by Itsblood
application.
From
1 thewhite
> fSfS?"
of
BuHlarti
obtained
his
Boletic
acid.
The
color
'i is not altered by exnos i to the air, and its crystals' arc regular
four-sided
* ~~% prisms.
"Jt!z_ of this
Its
1008
CRYPTOGAM1A
Class XXIV
on wood J^ %litJL
( 2 Mickopo'rits.
Seau.
one
inch wide
mm
of trees Schaff tfM*
16070 leptoccph.ilus
Jacq. small-capped
1-4 inch,
wide 21 aut
all
sea. Gr
Sooty
trun.
161)71
brumhs
Pert.
winter
aut
Ciiitl.
trun, otreaSo*erbjr,t.
of tree* Crypt bnttit!
thin
16072
percnnie
Fr.
perennial
2
aut,
Br
lumpish
strobilifrmisic&s.
cone-like
old
wood
Br trun, oftrees Sowerbjtf
two
inch. br. 12 aug.
16074
With. pellucid
patches
16075 pcllcidui
variegtus
2 allall sea.
sea. Br
Grh trun, of trees Gre. crypt
patches
vnut Fers.Sower, variegated
variable
trun-oftreesSowerJ^.
R
lateraiit
Bolt
83
patches
2
all
sea,
trun, ftre borg,t
y nummularius Bull, moneywort variable 1$ or 0 sum. Wsh
}sh roots
ofoaks Schelte,
16076
lucidus
Fr.
broad
patches
2
sep.
oc.
Sooty
leafy
16077
frondsu*
Fr.
2
spr.au.
Wih
thin
velvety
16078
velutinas
Fr.
24
sum.
Pn.Br
tuib
oak WM
16079
gigantu* Fr.Fr. gigantic
242 sum.
Itsh.Y birch
trees G***7??
Swerby, t W
mlphur-color. tufts
16080
turn.
Brsh
acid
birch
16081 sulphreus
betulinus Fr.
3
aut
Wsh
trun,
ofpine*
bower,
u
thick
frothy
16082
ipmeua
Fr.
2
aut
Bsh
oak
tree*
Grev. crypt"
very thin
i bims
1608
Fr.Fr.
6 um. Ferr.
spongy
hispid
160843 c'sius
Mspidus
Bot. velutinusFr.Sowerby,
C4H
trun.oftr.JJ-J55
imbricated 23 aut
Ferr.
trun, oftrees Sower. L fj1^
16085 cuticular.*
cuticular
imbneated
aut
Pa.Br
elm
Sn*"*^
scorched
16086
adistus
Fr.
3-4
mch.
wide
0
aut
Pid
willowtreestrun. ^^
dm
16087
ulmrius
Fr.
nut. W willow
Anise-scented fragrant
trun!S'tiP
16088 suavlens
Fr.
Uun.
oftrees
Sowerby.t^
aut.
fngraiit
willow
11 mi.
aut Bsh
trun, oftrees ^cS^r
tutted
16089 salicinu
versicolorFr.Fr. changeable
aut
Y-Br
imbricated
radiated
16090
raditua
Fr.
2
aut
..
imbricated
PIC^V3
16091 pallscens Fr. pallid
Wsh dead
beechpmes
trees (_bowerb),tM
imbricated 6Uaut
pine-tree
beech
trees
16092 abietinus Fr.
aU sea. Sooty
16093 fomeiilarius Fr. soft tinder npuiigy
trun,
of
trees
Sowerby,
1
6 all sea. Ferr.
hard tinder hard
16094 igniarius Ft.
trun,
oftrees
Bolttl6ir^
Ferr.
2 aut W
tufts
16095
Fr. Fr. spongy
thick
bread-crumb
16096 spongisue
medilla pais
12,1 aut
allsum.sea. WFerr. fallen timber W^J^^T .
fragile
common
16097
vulgaris
Fr.
3S5 SS**"
unequal
16098
ferruginsueFr.Fr. rusty
33 allsum.sea. W
variable
slippery
16099
Pk
firm
16100 mollscue
incarntus Fr. pink.
pine
3. PoLYtnc'TA.
verv delicate 2 sum.
decay,wct . Grer. crypt-B*
16101
reticulata Nee*.Gr. netted
min. hon.-com crust-like 3 aut.
16102 carmicbaelianus
Sp.8_2f
trees Grer.crypt 183
Boletus. 3inch. broad 2 aut Y old
2373. BOLE'TUS. Dill. yellow
pastures
2$
aut
Buff
16103
ldteus
!..
Somrt'',t'
2-4
inches
br.
woods
16104
With. milky
Bulliard, t a*
eu. oct
aut Olish woods
2| inch. broad tU jn.
peppery
16106 lacUfluus
piperitus
Bull.
4%
cracked
woods
downy
16106
eubtornentoMM
L.
2
jn.oct.
t
rim.
Grw.crypt. 1-'
cracked
groves
sanguineus With. bloody
6 inches broad 2 eu-aut Ol.G
lurid
16107 lrulus
Scha-ff.
So.ertM-1-'*'
. eu.aut Sooty woods
rubcolus Per.
Sower. 150
cracked
esculent
16108 B.esculntus
woods
4
su.niit
W
IfilfWicber
Fr Sow. rough
hroad 4 mailt. Ruf. woods
% "wntas
Jgccolo.etl 3Inches
Sinch-gojd
woods
J Schtrff. glutinous 3 inches broad 43 su.aut.
su.aut Sooty
Straw woods
16110 cyanscens Frier bluish
frosted
s.
i.
374. heptica
FISTULI'KA.
FreruiJCA. patents
6 silt.
11
Bull. //.liver.like
' 1608- "*"' l0W

jjrt'
16084
taste miU, to .hat of tartar. I I. .olubl. to 1 time,
StSS^*
with , different batt* fornlln boleta, " ta nW^JSTjSh JitHoultr Jh
moni,,
Iii,
to
flat
Ibur-Uded
pr.smi.
<
,
'
,n
c,tilln'^
*l"u J>"'!
eight ,,. The bolate of ,...tali ' very otoble I J r;boul , 111
3St45H5**
'
"";! |half,hodvKrre..
I'ohbfpc.tus
fomentarlos
muchpurpoie
uJ 'Dy" 1 .epherdi, " "
gnenll,
lghtalldl
Scotland
for the isame
. ix. Tumi.
1009
thick short
.-..'.!
subsessilc,
Cm broad
,ww, i-ore minute flat sulp

roer imbricated
nroad
somewhat
OU
ItVl Whitish,
Cap
subsessile
not dimidiate
compact
smooth
paleshort
whitish-brown.
lflOW
Cap fleshv
rugose hispid
obtuae,
Cores
roundish Pores white inall unequal
IPjlCai
fleshy
wowrioMW
white
changing
to
bluish,
minute
white irregular
lacerated
10084 Cap dimidiate large eomew. "*
fleshy thick
villous
ferrugui. Pores yellowish
pale and
fringed at the orifices
185,,~___
""ck
vil'"
rrug
IfiOfi Cape fleshv enrkv downy ferruginous. Pores shining grevish ferruginous
1(3086Caps
fleshycorky
toughnotvillous
paleglabrous
: marginpallid.
straightPores
blacsmall
kish. equal
Pores minute round cinereous
160*7
Cap fleshy
fleshy
banded
160S8
Cap
enrkv not
banded
villous while.
Pures largish
brownish
[brown short irregular
Sees,mostly
or dimid.
bet. suber.
and coriac.
smooth
whiteorditlercnt
at h-ngth brown.
16DiCap
rcflexed
coriaceous
villoee round,
variegated
by zones
colors,Pores
poreswhite
roundbecom.
white yellow.short
1600
Caps coriaceous
coriaceous smooth
itreakadnntin rays
somewhat
velvety brownish-yellow,
Pores minute
160D1
Caps
banded
pale
ochre-color,
Pores
equal
[lacerating
Cap
KUiited
hut at lengthglabrous
mostly dark
reflex.browntah-
Cap thin coriac. vill. white.
Pores violet
at length asbrown
16093
subtriangular
hin: margin
pale glaucous
and toothed
(which
are
vnru
1& Hai
rlM*
, g.t &-.>
i ;
: : *'-"-".
^:a:*ias
|?
16,11 Tbc i,^.^

riee
1S10J
15108 >
3T
like mllt
milk
"Ix*
mi *ith j
^w*.^
)" Mi|ie. 1er)
Cu XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIASp.lS-87.
IIi .
oc Umb.
pine woods Grerillecrypt71
Htonus*. ewuient
su.
aut
Ysh
Imbricated
1|
su.aut.
Ysh woods
woo.li woods GrevillecryptM
Iolton.LSSjwnfUW
esculent
rpand
S
su.
aut.
Pksh
beech
Bolton,t.
esculent
teaIy
all
sea.
Bl
pine cones Grcvillecrypt i%
eatable
brownish
curious
ear-pick
1 aut Fuse pine woods Jara suit t
S oct W beech trees Bulliard,t3*
gelatinous
Hedge Hog curious
variable
1 aut W trun, oftrees Sowerby, 1 253
coralloid
dead
wood Schafft
I
pine wood
Sowerbj,Lli(.Daktk
0
Brsh
crisp
4 inches wide 2 Oct
all
sea.
Ysh
rotten
oak
Bolton,1
171
ochre-colored
variable
aut Taw.
least
curious
Eine
L$T!
Ferr.
oWovrwood
trees Sowerby,
Sowerby,13B8
00 sum.
Wsh pine
trees
Nea
syst
1
sum.
.
W
KSSSu ^ guate
very delicate 0 alise
way-sides
Sowerby,
L
IIS
Sp. 1.
2.7. SISTOSTBE'MA.
Frie*. Sistobtrema.
ScSnfiSS
Pert. confluent
grcganous 1 nu.no. W*h
2 acp.no. nil alder trees
g377. vga
PHLF/BIA.
16126
**
wandering
Sp. 3375.
9.778 '.
Ehr. Thelephoua.
M on ground Sowerby,t
lS'pnS>.
cloth-like
greganous 11 ,ut
aut Fsh
16128 taryophylliVa. Fr. clove
tough
on ground Bui. tffiS.*!&*
gregarious I$ aut Brsh on ground Bol. tliarrfopiftU
16129 terrstrs i=y.
II
aut
Ferr.
gregarious
ragged
16130 lacinita Fr.
Greville crypt.-1 16
pine
woods
i 1. Mi-nisM.4. -.
.,,kiim
gi wet
au. Psh
pine
places
ooAt
wetau.
Ferr.
16131 pairla V.
I'""'? . . hJ
damp
3 au. oct Pnllid titre ground (reviUcC!!1
aut Bah
S"4
SSL*
fi
all sea. Bt.Br old oaks Sowerby,t.
161.H rubiginosa Sehr. rusty
6
sil aut. Ferr. bran, oftree!
elegant
16135 talwcna
Fr.^ Bolton,
TobÔ
oftrees
,M>4'e.
nicor/oM
1
17*
4
Dl-B* mm- oftrees
imbricated 3 aut
16136
heitica Fr.
Liver
all sea. Ysh trun,
trun,
firm
16137
hirsuta
hairy
g3 aut
*" trim, ofoftrees
16138 ochroleica Fr. pale-yellow membranous
aut
stumps oltreestr.
Tavy
639 purprea Schum. purr
Bsb
niLspr
16140 intybcea Per*. endive-Uke irregular
gregarious
16141
simians Pert,
"""Tiw.
imbricated
16142
Hazel16143 corflea
cnum Pert.
Pert.
leatheryITee
161+4 ochrcea Fr.
yellow-ochre
16145radito-rimsaGrct. cracked
16146 eanguinoliita Fr
1010
2375. Imbricatum
HYD'NUM. L.
16112
16113 repndura
$quatn6sumL.Fr.
16114
rufscens Per*.L.
16115 auriscilpium
16116 gelatnsum Scop.
16117 erinceum Bail.
16118 coralloldee Scop.
16119
crispum Schaff
16120
fer*.
16121 oebrceum
minimum Bolton
75.
Hyrfnior,.
The Greek,
bad ;their
Swedish
H.
leonimini, a Sweden
es***fi#i<
en "Si
moi
Roman..found
H. coralloidcs
i. eatable
so. i.the
."".""^n,
HJm"WV
pileo
offurnished
'""bedgebo!
t1"* , ,1KV"
chiefly
in moi.t bodies,
situations
trunks
of to the
Tblpm(\hGir
((.1,
"2^ ^JJ-^
whichuponnn-u.
compara
surface
numerous
Uhaped
wh'-1compares
e,, emitting sporules from fr PJ"
d rf wc wi >d
eo'ncal
orSittostrema.
cylindrical substances,
2J7Uregular
So namedIntermediate
f
the
rows
of
pores.
between
tra
fragile, scentless, white, becoming yellow in age. Ihc
Ord. IX. Tribe I.

i CEI _ M . ground.
1. Stem
Cap
round, marly entire.
101]
16112 Cap
fleshy
flesh
ri.it perpendicular.
tessellated
scalybuffish,
notttisiinet,
banded
umber-colored.
Stipes
ihort thick
16113
smooth
subrepand
Subulate
processes ofProcesses
hymeniumbufflsb-cinereous.
unequalpale, Stipes
unequal
16114 Cap
Cap coriaceous
fleshy orbicular
somewhat
brownish.flesh-color, Processes nearly equal, Stipes thin equal
16115
tomentose,
Stipestoraentose
lateral fomentse
2.
Stem
ample,
tomevthat
horizontal.
Cap
haloed,
orglaucous.
out of theStipes
centre.shortFlesttt.
Growing on wood.
16U6
Cap gelatinouspapillose,
Processes
soft pyramidal
lateraltorn,
16117 Very
large heart-shaped white
becoming
rather yellow,
Cap subsessile
fibrous
Processes very long
3. Capwhite
confounded
withyellow,
the stem,
obliterated. Fleshy. Growisc iw *
16118 Much branched
becoming
,..wny-,ernigmous, Pror-p**, :TL MG ON wood.

16125 The only l|)ecai
* EmiKd ton ulphurj!0]ored .
Irin
,
i"uca and hl
4M, ^ *
bul "T
'f-ssss:;
" i-aps norous ecaly ragged d
purpli"-br on
om imbr_ soi
gtabrowwobMVnuSlnEL!;
' rm-j'islinet
or yellowih
i ' raBped flutte atetnc summit
4- > -fe
rB"' length' s"pe* 1
tabrict, rit
-J iciiuginous
margined
downy
jjSj
imbricated
bandless
smooth
on each side
beneath
smooth dull-brown
-IT? Somewhat
Kfluse-reflcxed
coriaceous
strigobc,
Hymenium
smooth
yellowish
or orange-buff
138
Efluse-rcflexed
somewhat
membranous
striated
pubescent
beneath
smooth and ochraceous
30
Imbricated
subeoriaceous
zoned
hirsute,
Hymenium
smooth
purple
HO Imbricated velvety zoned pale reddish-burr, Hymenium smooth irregularly papillose buffish at length
ferruginous
sometimes
snooting
out intosplitting,
rude stems
anastomosing
and producing
rapscrack.
'41il Broadly
Round
thick
conflu.The
Marg.
waved
Hymenium
tuberculose
yellow,
or irregularly
reddish-brown
effusedoften
thickish.
margin
slightly rerlexed,
Hymenium
ochraceous
uneven
unequally papillose
+3 Coriaceous
broad
thin.
Margin
free
with
the
surface
tomentosc,
Hymenium
smooth
minutely
reticulated
buff*becoming
darker
in age eomew. of an ochrcy pale-yell. smth. or with scatter, uneq. false papiihe
Effus.
very broad
thin.freeHymen,
4 Hesupinate,
Margin
whitish hirsute, Hymenium fuscous smooth somewhat shining and faintly
zoned
towards
the
margin
crackingfreein ararely
radiated
mannerHymenium pale whitish-brown pruinote silky
Circular effused, Margin sometimes
rcflexed,
and minutely byssoid at the margin turning red when wounded
!nt
"l Mbcrtbmmu Particulars.
4.W("*l
1 an eSSch
egant brt
,,i ' (ilVinui3hl
In thc year byNoits spec
es was described hues
heft Ittbi, ,?8*
. V- Meruhus.
iUlish.fleh.rolorcd
of. Frip-
Cuss XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
6 ,prau.Blsh fallen oak. Gr* ffl 1
brittle
! aut Gn deadaahe
lfl47
Pera.
thin
3 .,
16148 querclna
fraxlnea l'ers.
Irregular
nor. Cm.
Fa.BU woods
deadtrunk!
lime
16140
Tili
Pc*irregular
lurk
16150 epidrmea iVrs.
cartli.tr., &c
Yah
3
aut.
spreading
16151
6 aut. W decay, wood
cracked
16152 incriatans
clcea Pert.Pert. incrusting
chalky
"W decay, clden
16153 Sambci Peft. Elder Tree membranous
,
aut.
Wh
on ground Bumard.t6
2. Phylacte'hia.
Pert.
plaited
54 biennis
;
biennial
wetw.
Br
da.pla.
inho.
3. Himas'tia.
S Vi.Br
trun.oftrce*
16155 domstica
Pert. Pthousehold smooth
CL F***
VV
trun.oftreeiSow.LS
rugose
56 Meca
S^rihit16157
lctea A*.JV.
milk-white very thin
H. candida Pert.
4 pr.au.Cin. elder tree Soffcrby, L 3!
i 4, Leiostrc/ma. Fr.
16158 cinrea Fr.
Division IL Ciavati.
, 23-66,
Tlavaria.
2379. CLAVA'RIA. bunched
much branch, 33 sum.
Y
16159
Botrytis
.
aug.
delicious
16160
flava Pert. L.
very smouth S aut W
coral-like
16161
pine-wood gregarious 3 aut. Ochr.
16162 coraUoldea
abietlna *
W
polymorph 3 aut
crested
16163
sum. Cin.
cinereous tufted
16164 cristta
cinrea Pert.
Pert.
dead fir trees
65 crnea?.
,
pegariou. i *
11 au.
Sutoc Brsh
Y trunks
meadows
thin
erect
16166 stric'ta
Pert.
vicid
meadow
3
aut
Y
Jotfi?
pratensis
Per.
dampeartn
solitary
IfiltW
corimulta
Schaff,
horned
aut
w
toughish
16169 rugaa .
rugose
-*JSSSStS
largest
16170
pistillris
L.
pistillary
opaque
16171
Aixinia
Sowerty
nexuoae
regular
tufts
16172
fusif'nnis Snvcrbjf
much
tufted
16173
Per*, fusiform
wrinkled
gregarious
15174 ceranolries
inicqulis Fries
unequal
gregarious
16175 frgilis Pert.
brittle
. gracilis
Sowerby, 298
16176
Sowcrbm
16177 acata
flmbrliU
Wk. acute
fringed
16178
hclvola
Pert.
red
16J79 vermieulrie Fries pale
worm-like
16180
uncilis
Ore*.
dwarf
16181 fttipes Grev.
bristI-footed
2.180. tuberosa
CALOTERA.
Calocera. root roundish
16182
Fries Frics.tuberous
161S3 crnea Fries
homy
tufted
2381. hirsutum
geoglossum.
ItilSl
Pert. Pen.
hairy Earth-us.
solitary
[Ol -2
,"/^-<*
common^^
^11 br0 IMF
ofautumn.
the pileuaofnihilanM
all the species.
la t T. oarropl
. nava, which Mid to be delicious ; cinerea, which w ^ found ,n Coctnn
Fcrsoon
to l tolerably gooil Loureiro
phanl'e dung.
CRTPTOG.!M
"- IX. 1.
FUNGI HYIVENOMYCETES.
" 1 "'ÎWYCETES
Can iltii i
Ik*
tubercu
1-.
ymeiiium very i
Division II. Oreoii
noti pilose
brittle
gS&
^-""^ sHrf*
eSt,binut(!dM^
hiraiij-_ ..
161?! ,
Hm ,
"11, . plicate
I
16173
me
16,81
eithnp S?l~!"kj,***4*MW horn,
of. the
plantii
viscosa
48
s
XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
1014
Bolln,
III 1[!
Blih
grase
GnrvitltIcrypt
J-,1*
gregario.
11 j sum.
BiG among
moist
16185 glSbrum Pert. viscid
cylimlric.
aut
moist meadows
meadows Grcville crypt *U
16186
viscium
Per.
gregario.
2
aut.
16187
vride
Per.
2382. fUvid*
SPATULAHIA.
Per.
Spatularia.
Sow,
Greville crypt I
16188
Peri.
yellowish
variable Sp.1.
1 J aut YehClavaria
dead leaves
B9M, Ml'TRULA. IMm Mitrula.
15. Clavaria Sow. Mtffc Pen. Soweib.lW
16.
Fries. marshy
my.au. YY wet
ditches
161911 paludosa
minta Friet
minute hollow
gregario, 1J sum.
brac.of
Dips, pilos. Sowertiy,t.39l
nr. 8l/r"4""
16191 abictis Fre
fir-wood dry
j aut Cinn. fir woods
Laotia
ntrala
Grev.
81
2384. TY'PHULA.Fr. Frie.iubcrous
Typhula.
S/>.4li.2 aut Clavaria
Sow.
16192
16193 phacorhisa
erythremia />. red-tooted gregario.
aut W
W woods
sticksand leaves
16194 filifor'mie
tenuis rr. Fr. thin
1G195
filiform gregario.
creeping i sum.
aut Blsh
Cin. ondeadwood
leavet
2385. quUquiliris
PISTILLA'RIA.
16196
Fr. Fries.
obtuse Pistillaria.
gregario. Sa| 17.
aut. W Clavaria
dead TernSow.leaves So. 1 3*1.1*
Clus .
sp.Vsh
314.on the earth.
2386.
MORCHEL'LA.
117 Mculcnta Per, MB.
esculent"""",
eaUble 8o orn
S
sur.nl W.h
Wsh ontheca'th
on the earth
S sh on the earth
spring Wsh woods
^'bonlenofflelo.
2367. HELVEL'LA. L. Hemslla.
i aut
aut. Livid hedge banks
16201
lacunsa
Pi"<
W
esculnta }W cutanl
1603 In'fula SeMfF brown
slender 4 su. ant Blsh damppUce.
elastic
23sa cnica
VEn'PA.
Vbrp.
16205
Sm Si conical
Grerille crypt
Giw.ciTI*.J"
SchilRr,f.U
So.er.l^
1 16196
'ri6195
. Use, PropaS"".
Minct .loaves,
cus, named
from
it.ffj**"
decaying mosses, ^c.
form of smoLe. which rises Witt elastic
torceform,
and 11!'
mall WWJ ".f'fturtifc"!*
i ne species are'1^*
?mf,âds
2383.
8.
trom
^JJtrsh
"*-rW.
2SS4.genusMrao.
T,jplml.
diminution
5*5.
A call,
p*^
nd are
te found
">^ up
*"
thisS
resembles
in miniature.of ^M,av,e.uniare
All the species arc dclicate, and
^ ^ epiph!1"'4^
occasionally
upon
Sclerotias.
,
.
Thc
jpecies
are
all
sma".
u
occasionally
upon Sclcrotias.
form. The
g2385 -Piiiltoria.
So called from,m its pisW-like
rasfif-hKe lorm.
i" specie.
r-
lni8385.
.1.
. ^
-> --I--J ZSTS"^
the G
the autumn.
^ b,-, Dilleniu.re from
2386.
Morchclla.
A
name
altered
large siac, appearing in the spring upon the J rf , for sauce.,
,
purposes
of cUery 111butplaces
is more
which " 5SfSW
roved w inJu;
vTtf. *iVn'.V..
greatest abundance
where
have;
oetn
u.
,
trees
nave
.-...
--_ un (H
ofmorel
the iy>urch""re,''
down
masses
of forestsit by
for law,
the e
The
is subject
subjectJow ma."variations
many
The
i.
"Jlf
'^-.pecies
*/"
?JJ
p5d*.
**.
necessary
to
suppress
are alsowhich
some areWJof'
W ^' "
referable tobXm'sU
four principal
form"...it isButnotthere
bVmX
Of these
ascertain^
natives , England
_
..g
^-"rof*
CBPTOCAMIi.
Ord. IX. Teibi I.

PUNGI HYMENOMYCETES.
16185 Glabrous drv blarklah aw
16187 Green anS fcSSJJ
and lien
iyia?"[thin
cona"c"'
"tl
KISS The only specie,
'S VrrTAft CT ryellow oblu h
" "* ? _ i at . *J" t. 16195
Clase II. . ELmucE*.-DivU0 i.

lc2\"VTta,''?
or oval m ' C0"traC'-rOU"<1
~
hoUow
Miirati.
Areolen
Slip white d
*
oy lofiguudin. parallel ri
and la
JB (ILTII'U. t
"ta.
Sum W !*
WW'
iris, 'V ,gn

>!**. and aIrMtffi'A"""1"1?1
shorter
Vi " ' more
m "'"'nguislied
Ihm e M- Ptula is'cc
U4'" con&nded,
"Sumied
M i| llc?"'."'i',ch
conical "T1
and ."cutcacule
"pTOanSf^^
"">ee,pbVd
KxKrT?.^"
r"a F?n|i1'
WilhTheH*e|la
""n
or
un
'wh
fraile
fini?
_
,
'
,?,*
thf
name
full8uspecies'
of fhev'ii'
wker et "ood, and arc hS i ,
tMe- bul "'" Innocuous
aoa 1.,-tor other
pianc totheevery
truespecies
Mitra
of Runn
e writer
of Helveua,
to hare been a mi
3T 4
' for '
---
1016
---
CRYPTOG AMIA.
2389. LEOTIA. Hill. Leoria.

16206 infundibulifrmis Fr.funnel-form. solitary 3 oct.
16: nna With.
dwarf
subsessile * aut.
16208 lubrica Pers.
slippery
gregario.
2 aut.
Sp. 3-11.
Cin, on ground
W
on trees
Ol
moist woods
CLAss XXIV.
Sowerby, t. 173
Greville crypt. 56
Division II. Cupulati.

2390. PEZI'ZA. Dill.
Peziza.
1. ALEURIA. Fries.
1629 acetbulum L.
16210 bdia Pers.
brown
16911 leporina Batsch

16:2 ontica Pers.
hare's-ear
rosy
16213 aurntia F. dan.
orange
16214 concinna Pers.
neat
16215 cochleta Huds,
cochleate
16216 crea Sowerby
Waxen
1627 vesiculsa Bull.
bladdery
repand
16218 repnda Fr.
Sp. 45300.
clustered 3 spring Sooty damp woods
tufted
1 su. aut. Br
grassy places
gregario. 1 aug.oc Brsh on ground
gregario. 14 aug.oc Brsh dead leaves
beautiful i aut.
Or
sandy places
very broad 1 sum. Lem. dead leaves
brittle
2} su.aut. Y. Br fields
gregario. 3 sum. Sooty dunghills
crowded 23 aut.
Wsh dunghills
fleshy
1* aut.
Wsh on ground
saucer
16219 mcropus Pers.
large-footed solitary
2 su.aut. Cin.
shady woods
16220 tubersa Bull.

16221 cupulris L.
16222 argillcea Sowerby
16223 granulata Bull.
2 mr. ap. Br
* aut.
Pa. Br
aut.
Ysh
r. sum. Or. R
4 spring Br
shady woods
16224 reticulta Grev.
slender
cupped
fringed
argillaceous scattered
granular
gregario.
netted
very fine
16225 ercta Sowerby
erect
16226 humsa Fries
earth
tuberous
patches
scattered
16227 fis'sa Fries.

split
2. LAch'NEA. Fries.
16228 coccinea Scop.
scarlet
P. epidendra Sow.
16229 melastoma Sower blk-mouth.
16230 radiculta Sower, rooting
16231 hemisphaerica Wig hemispheric
16232 hirta Schum,
hairy
16233 cerina Pers.

16234 scutellta L.
smooth
* aut.
aut.
solitary
+ wint.
Bolton, t. 96, hispida

Sowerby, t. 63
scorched earth
Bull. t. 396. f 3
clay
cow dung
on ground
Sowerby, t. 148
Ysh shady woods

Crim. damp carth
Br
Sowerby, t. 59
Bolton, t. 99 cochleata
Schaeffer, t. 156
Sowerby, t. 79 leporina
Sowerby, t. 78 coccinea
Bolton, t. 175 vesiculosa
Sowerby, t. 5
Sowerby, t. 3
Greville crypt. 177
Greville crypt, fl. 59
Bull t .438 f 3
Greville crypt. 156

Sowerby, t. 369. f. 10
hazel bark
subgrega. * spring W
dead branches
Greville crypt. 171
solitary
heaths
earth in gardens
earth in woods
earth
decayed dry wood
old cow dung
Sowerby, t. 149
Sowerby, t. 114
Sowerby, t. 147. hispida
Sow. t. 369. f. 1. hybrida
clustered
scattered
scattered
much crowd.
scutellate
beautiful
bird's-nest
punctif
3 feb.mr.
su. aut.
jn, dec,
TA aug oc.
spr.au.
+ spr.au.
Pa. Br
Sul.
Brsh
Brsh
Ysh
Or
0 aut.
* aut.
Br
Bsh
Sowerby, t. 24
decayed stems
blue
pine trees
Bolton, t. 108. f.
16237 plano-umbilicataGr:plano-convex hairy
0 su, aut. W
decayed nettles
16:38 stercrea Pers.
dung
gregario. Ti spr.su. Taw. cow dung
Sowerby, t. 352 equina
16239 albo-spadicea Grev. pallid
handsome
aut.
R.Br. bare earth
16240 sulpharea Pers
sulphur
pretty
aut.
Y
decay.herbac.stems Greville crypt. fl. 83
16235. Nidulus Pers.
16:36 caerlea Bolton
ir
16241 virginea Batsch

16242 bicolor Bull."
16243 varicolor Fries,
16244 papillris Bull.

16245 villsa Fries
16246 plumbea Grev.
virgin
solitary , T: aut.
two-colored beautiful r} aut.
variable
gregario. 0 all sea.
pimpled
gregario. 0 all sea.
villous
leaden
16247 anmala Pers.

anomalous
16:48 domstica Sowerby domestic
16249. Wanchii Grev.
16250 fisca Grey
woolly
brown
crowded
crowded
0 aut.
0 aut.
W.
W
Ysh
W
rotten sticks
Sowerby, t. 65. nivea
larch twigs
Sowerby, t. 17
rotten wood
Sower. t. 178 hydnoidea
upon wood
Sowerby, t. 177
W
dead herbac. stems Sower. t.389 fl. sessilis
Fu, ol. rotten wood
Greville crypt. fl. 11
-
--
crowded
# all sea. DLY fallen branches
Sower, t.369. 3, rugosa
minute
beautiful
spots
0 all sea. Ruf
Sowerby, t.351
Greville crypt. 139
aut.
damp walls
Pa. Br dead wood
ap.my. Gr
dead branches
Greville crypt. 192

*
16225
16221
2389. Leotia. Named by Sir John Hill, of famous memory, for no known reason. Gregarious terrestrial
substances of the middle size, appearing in summer or autumn, without smell or taste. They are most nearly
akin to Helvella and Verpa, from which they differ in form and substance. The species are not known to be
entable, with the exception of Lamara, a native of Cochin-China, which is capable of being deprived of its
native bitterness by long stewing.
ORD. IX. TRIBE I.
1O17
16206 Cap depressed cinereous livid smooth on each side, Stipes solid smooth
16-07 Dwarfs, Cap rugose white beneath smooth brown, Stipes solid cylindrical white
16:08 Tremellose, Cap tumid spread olivac. : margin rounded, Stipes orange-cylindr, or unequally compressed
Division II.
1. Cupule always open, or when young
":
Cupulati.
Peil superficial, Sporidia with two smaller sporidia.
El-1-1-L-IDE *.
162nd Cyathiform sooty veiny on the outside arising from a short fistulous pitted stipes
16-10 Subsess ent flexuose brown, Margin at first involute externally pruinose paler and somew, olive-colored
16211 Substipitate lengthened on one side ear-shaped somew, ferrugin. mealy outside smooth inside at the base
16212 Substipitate lengthened on one side ear-shaped farinaceous outside pink inside becoming rugose at base
16:213 Gregarious fiexuose very brittle white externally, Hymenium fine orange
16214 Cae-pitose large very brittle externally lemon-colored becoming wrinkled pale flesh-color inside
16:15 Gregarious cntose variously contorted externally yellowish-brown, Hymenium dull reddish-brown
16-16 Large funnel-shaped repand yellowish villous and whitish outside and upon the stipes-like base
[base
16:217 Gregar carspit glob. at first with mouth conniv. at length campan. splitt. externally whit, and toment at
16218 Sessile solitary or somewhat tufted large at first hemispherical and concave at length nearly plane sub
rugose and brown within the outer surface farinose whitish, Margin crenate
2. Cupule at first closed, Peil innate, sporidia simple. Georyxis.
16219 Subgregarious large; the pileus hemispherical slightly hairy and verrucose ash-colored; the hymenium
mouse-colored at length pale, Stipes very long incrassated below
1624) Thin, Cupule funnel-shaped brownish pallid, Stipes long seated on a black deformed root
16-21. Subsessile thin globose campanulate brownish or pale mealy outside crenate at edge
16-23 Sessile yellowish smooth at first urceolate afterwards cracked and torn with hairs about the root outside
12-3 Sessile minute flattish orange-red externally granulated with pimples
[Stipes usually short and thick
16-24 Centreplicate and reticulat without whit. and pruin. Cap invol. at margin variously split somew, spread.
3. Cupule a little fleshy, small, Weil floccose only at the edge, or fugacious, Sporidia with a solitary little
sporidium. Humania.
16225 Sessile clustered subcylindrical smooth somewhat yellow becoming dilated with an erect subciliated orifice
16,226 Sessile fleshy plano-convex smooth crimson entire at margin
4. Membranaceous, bursting forth with a separating veil, Sporidia simple. Excella.
16227 Subcaespitate sessile coriac membran. Margin split ragged externally scurfy and brown, internally white
1. Cupule
or fleshy-membranous. Crust none. Sarcoscyphe.
16228 Stipitate large subinfundibuliform externally white and tomentose, Hymenium crimson-red
16229 Cupule fleshy, Disk urceolate black externally rubiginous-flocculent, Stipes short down dense dark strigose
162 a Subcaespit fleshy sess from hemispher becom flatten. Disk sulph, external, and thick root white and vill
16231 Sessile hemispherical wavy brownish externally covered by dense fascicled hairs, Disk glaucous white
16-32 Sessile subhemispher externally fuscous hairy with a somewhat inflexed margin, Vermilion colored inside
162: Min. sess. or subsessile hemispher externally tomentose-pulverulent yellowish-olive, Hymen dull ochrac.
16234 Sessile gregarious or scattered nearly plane: external surface of the margin hispid with black rigid hairs,
Hymenium orange-red
16235 Sessile gregarious very minute orbicular somewhat depressed substrigose brown or nearly black
16:36 Plane ciliated blackish externally, Hairs pale, Disk blue
at margin, Hymenium gently umbonate
1627 Small sess gregar, whole plant white glob, concave at length quite plane ciliate with horizont. white hairs
162.8 Gregarious concave tawny externally surrounded near the edge with straightish brown hairs
white
16-59 sess gregar. glob. at length quite plane, exter surface and marg strig with redd-brown hairs, Hymen.
16240 Sessile gregarious small globose at length plane: the strigose external surface yellow, Hymenium white
2. Cupule wary, dry, villous, Crust none. Epiphytes. Dasyscyphe.
16241 stipitate gregarious small, Stipes rather long, Pileus hemispherical subpatulose villous, whole plant white
16242 Subsess, small gregar externally very white vill. Mouth contract. Hymen varying from dil, yell. to orange
16-4-3 Sessile hemispherical orbicular rather firm flocculent, Disk urceolate whitish
16214 Sessile distinct concave villous hairy milk-white on each side granulated at edge
16:45 Sessile very minute gregarious white subglobose villous, Mouth more or less connivent
16246 Sessile minute gregarious depressed externally fusco-olivaceous villose, Hymenium smooth bluish-grey
3. Cupule wary or coriaccous, seated on a downy crust. Tapesia.
16247 Substipitate much crowded form a crust, Cupules turbinate vill light bistre-colored: disk urceol. whitish
1,248 Sessile gregarious obovate strigose rufous
15-10 Sessile gregarious ovate globose golden-yellow strigose with a subjacent woolly paler web
16-50 Carn. sess Cup, concave brown at length plane grey: marg glab. attach. by fibres to a wide toment web
16229
16225
2390. Peziza.
Pliny had a tribe of Fungi which he called Pezica, from which the modern name has been
corrupted. The present genus is very extensive, but almost wholly of modern creation. The species are found
in various situations, but chiefly on decayed wood... They are remarkable for their leathery texture, and for
emitting their sporules in the form of smoke from the bottom of their cup.
- -
--
"-
- -- -
- -
1018
CRYPTOGAMIA.
$ 3. Phi A'lea. Pers.

16251 firma Pers.
firm
16252 Personii Moug.
Persoon's
16253 fructigna Bull.
fruit
16254 serotina Pers.
16255 inflxa Bolton

16256 pedicellta Sow.
16257 timba Bolt.
16258 calyculus Sow.
late
infiexed
stalked
gregario.
aggreg.
clustered
clustered
gregario.
solitary
1 aut.
* aut.
4 aut.
4 spring
+ aut.
*
gregario.
gregario.
aut.
3 aut.
CLAss XXIV.
Oc. Br rotten sticks

R
bogs on Equisetum
Ysh nuts, &c. in woods
Y
dampshady places
Wsh rotten sticks
Wsh
rotten sticks
16259 aeruginosa Fl. dan. verdigrease destruct. 0 su.aut. Bt.G damp wood
Bolton, t. 106 f 1
Sowerby, t. 116
Sowerby, t. 347
Uggleved Swed.
16260 Aspegrnii Fr.
Sower. t. 369. f.7 bicolor
tubular
cupped
Aspegren's
lemon-color.
cyathoides Wither.
16262 pallscens Pers.
pallid
1626.3 tricolor Sow.
three-color.
16264 campnula Nees
bell
gregario.
crowded
16265 cribrsa Greu.

16266 claroflva Grev.
16267 punctata Grew.
16268 herbrum Pers.
curious
punctif
punctif
crowded
0 aut.
0 aut.
is aut.
16261 citrina Batsch
Dorous
right-yell.
dotted
Herb
Y
fallen branches
Or. Br rotten wood
Sower. t.115 ochroleuca
Greville crypt. 162

Sowerby, t. 117
Bolton, t. 98
Sowerby, t. 306
+ aut.
1 aut.
Ysh
Y
numer.
aut.
scattered 0 aut.
delicate
is aut.
16269 conigna Pers.

16270 chryscoma Bull.
pine-cone
gregario.
yellow-hair. crowded
16271 cinrea Batsch
cinereous
16272 vulgris Fries
conntnon
damp wood
fallen branches
aut.
0 au.sp. W
pine cones
0 aut.
Fu. Or posts & rails
-
patches
Sowerby, t. 150. aurea
Pa Y old trees
Sowerby, t. 151. citrina
Sooty trunks of trees
W
dead twigs
Nees syst. t. 38. f. 295
Bl
sandy places
Y
decayed wood
Y
dead leaves
Greville crypt, fl. 63
W
dead herbac. stems
0 wint.
Sowerby, t. 152
Sowerby, t. 64
Wsh dry bark
albella With.
A diaphana Sowerby transparent scattered 0 wint.

16273 ermpens Grev.
Sycam-peti. scattered 0 aut.
Oc.Br fallen trunks
Greville crypt. 5
scattered
0 aut.
G
rotten wood
Sea G wood
Sowerby, t.389. f. 8
$4. HELorium. Pers.

16277 fibulifrmis Fries button-shap.
16278 aciculris Pers.
needle-like gregario.
+ aut.
16274 ochrcea Grev.

16275 atrovirens Pers.
16276 Abbottina Sow.
ochrey
dark-green
Abbott's
Tran. rotten wood

Sowerby, t. 389 f 7
Caes, stalks of Sycamore Greville crypt. 99
2391. ASCOBOLUS. Pers.
16279 furfurceus Pers.
16281 sarcoides Fries
# au.dec. W
Ascobolus.
scurfy
2392. BUL.GARIA. Fries.
16280 inquinans Fries
puckered 0 aut.
crowded 0 aut.
gregario.
2393. DITI/OLA. Fries, Ditiola.

16282 radicata Fr.
rooting
hollow oaks
Bolton, t. 176
Sow. t.57 agariciformis
Sp. 1-11.
0 all sea.
Bulgaria.
dirty
fleshy
trunks of elms
old cowdung
Sp. 2-6.
gelatino.
polymor.
0 au. wi. #, dead oaks

* aut.
Pu.R decaying trees
Sowerby, t. 428
Bolton, t. 101, f. 2
gregario.
Sp. 1-5.
4 ap.jn. Gold barked pines
Fl. dan. t. 1378. f. 2
2394. CENANGIUM. Fr. CeNANGiuM.

16283 quercinum Fr.
oak
gregario.
Sp. 5-30.
# all sea. Cin. dead oak branches Sowerby, t.373. f. 3
Sphaeria collapsa Sow.

16284 Prunstri Fr.
16285 Crasi Fr.
1628G Aucupriae Fr.

16287 ferruginsum Fr.
2995. STICTIS. Pers.
16288 radita Pers.
0 all sea. R. Bl
dead plum branches

dead cherry branches
Mount. Ash tufted
0 aut.
dead mountain-ash branches
ferruginous patches
0 aut.
Plum
crowded
Cherry
crowded
Stictis.
radiating
0 aut.
Bl
Bl
R.Bl Scotch fir branches Greville crypt. 197

Sp. 1-23.
0 au.spr. W
bark of trees
Sowerby t. 16
-
spots
*91. Ascobolus. From ascus, one of the forms of theca in which the sporules are retained among Fungi,
and saxo~, to emit, in allusion to the principal peculiarity of the genus small gregarious soft plants, without
roots: but not very perishable, growing upon dung, and most obvious during rainy weather.
2392. Bulgaria.
An intermediate genus between Peziza and Exidia, named from buga, a leather bag, on
account of the saccate form of the species. Scentless, insipid, mucilaginous, rootless, soft fungi, tolerably
finanent, and generally breaking forth in clusters from the bark of trees during the winter d autumn.
:." said to have succeeded in obtaining glue from B. inquinaus, but subsequent attempts have failed of
2.393.
Ditiola. From *, double, and **, down, in allusion to the nature of the pubescence of the velum.
**pecies of this genus are gregarious, firm, permanent, without smell, flourishing upon dry wood from the
Oxb. IX. Talas I.
101.o
1. Capule somewhat membranous, distinctly stalked, Hymenium distinct. Hyview.oscwrite.

16251 Rather large ochrey-brown infundibullf at length concavo-rep, or very plane, Stipes elongat, dark at base
16252 Cap smooth urceolate orange-color with a prominent membranous pale margin, Stipes cylindrical pink
162.53 Gregar, yell, or redd-white subinfundibulif.; surface of hymen. plane, Stipes long subflexu. and attenuat.
1625.4
Cupule
o-convex thinnish, Stipes short firm thickish
1.
162.55 Stipit. glab white
or yellow subunfundibulif Margin fringed with indexed teeth, Stipes elongated curved
16256 Stipitate campanulate, Margin smooth, Stipes straight
2. Cupule fleshy, wary, firm, obconical, somewhat stalked, Hymenium distinct. CalvcINE.
16257 Yellow, Cupule turbinate: disk flat; margin tumd, Stipes long slender
[orange-brown
16238 Gregarious globoso-infundibullf shghtly concave, Stipes rather short attenuat whole plant ferrugin. or
16-59 AEruginose, Cupule turbinate becoming expanded and flexuose: disk whitish, Stipes short
i.
16260
16262
16:2-3
16-->4
16-tv,
16-6-6
162.67
Crowded smooth pale-yellow or whitish, Cupule concave, Stipes short thickish pallid
Hemispherical margined, Disk yellowish externally sooty, Stipes very short whitish
Gregarious white rather small very membranaceous campanulate unequal, Stipes filiform short
Black solitary rather large very concave, Hymen cribriform or full of lacerat, irregular pores or sinuses
Yellow gregarious minute obconical at length somew, plane, Margin raised obt-externally somew, paler
Yellow very minute gregarious punctiform globular at length plane or subconvex, Margin minutely cren.
subrepand smooth: disk yellow

white as well as the somewhat ascending stipes
16-G1 Yell crowd apparently sess but having a short thick obconical stipes carnose, Hymenium plano-concave
1628 White gregar. carnose at length convex but sometimes depress in centre turning reddish in age and decay
3. Cupule wary, soft, watery, sessile or obconical, Hymenium confluent. Mollusia.
16269 White gregarious excessively minute orbicular submmarginate
16270, Fulvous orange gregarious crowded minute
subtremella-like
16271 Grey gregarious depressed waved subtremellose, Margin obsolete
'''
16x72 Sessile somewhat tufted membranous soft smooth whole-colored all over and whitish
A Scattered flattish-urceolate whitish transparent

[in wet weather
16273 Minute ceraceous glab sess grey connate within the semiputrid petioles of the Sycamore and burst forth
4. Cupule wary, dry, sessile, flat at base or innate edged. ParEllea.
16274 Ochrey-brown min gregar. carnose thick obconic. Hymen minutely granul, at length plane or subconvex
16-75 Green gregarious minute subtremellose hemispherical at length plane becoming black in decay
16.76 Sessile dry patellate caesious on the outside, Disk yellow
16277 Firm, Head convex yellow black-brown beneath, as is the short thick villous stipes
16x78 White smooth, Head convex, Stipes long equal
16279. Sessile gregarious somewhat concave olive-green or brownish externally furfuraceous
16280 Turbinate firm, externally rugulose scaly umber-colored, Disk flattish blackish
16-81 Polymorphous caespitose subgelatinous somew. firm purplish-red externally subvenose, Hymen concave
16282 Disk flattish golden-yellow, Stipes thick villous white long-rooted
1983 Simp gregar. long flexu at first closed pruin. and blackish-cinereous, afterw.open with a broad pale disk
16.284
1685
1686
16287
Substipitate opake rigid black marginate, Hymenium concave

Coriaceous reddish-black at first closed at length expanded and plane
in round tufts, Caps stipit subturbin concave with round. marg intermix. with digit or subul, processes
Gregarious between membrane and leathery subsessile rugose somewhat pruinose, The orifice compressed
inflexed: when moist spreading
16288 Immersed orbicular, Limb snow-white ragged pulverulent

16272
16276
16277
16278
16279
autumn until the spring. They are to be considered noxious fungi from the injury they bring to the timber
upon which they vegetate.
Their mucilaginous roots insinuate themselves between the fibres of the wood
and separate and soften them. Their tubercles burst forth, and filling the wood with clefts, and rendering it:
interior accessible to wet, soon destroy it. D radicata is one of the species of dry rot.
* Cenangium. From ****, hollow, and ***, a capsule or vessel, in allusion to the hollow nature of
the receptacle. Chiefly distinguished from Peziza by substance, and the coriaceous nature of the cupules.
From Tympanis it is distinguished by its closed cupules and smooth permanent hymenium. The species are
small and deformed, growing upon the bark of trees, either singly or in tufts, and mostly produced in winter.
*95. Stictis. So named from the punctiform appearance of many of the species, from six ros, a dot. Very
simple, minute, gregarious fungi.
1020
CLAss XXIV.
Ch.YPTOGAMIA.
2* CRYPTOMY"CEs-Gree.
16233 Wachil Gree.
CRYProxyces.
Willow
firm
Sn 1.
0 sulaut Br
Class III.
willow branches
Greville crypt. 206
TREMELLINL
2397. TREMEL L.A. L. TREMELLA.
Sp. 4-18.
16:" me-enterica Rt.
Mesent-like subsolit., 2 aut-sp. Y
16-21 albala Huds.
whitish
10-2clavariaeformis Pers. Ciavar-like gregarious i sulaut. Dior juniper stems
Eng. bot t 709

Eng. bot. t.2117
Eng bot. t. 1870
Jacq ic. t. 648
* 1. Co'RYNE. Nees.
16294 sarcoides Frics
fleshy
Eng-bot. t. 2450
clustered 1 aut.
Wsh
twisted looes 2 wet w. Br
16- 2 intumscens E. B. turnii
fallen branches
fallen branches
trunks of trees
clustered
# aut.
Pu
rotten wood
* 2 Phyllop"ta. Fries.
16235 biparasitica Fries parasitical
deformed 3 sept. Bl
dead Agaric
2%8 EXIDIA. Frics.
Exidia.
Sp. 3-14
16-96 auricula Jdae Fries Jews-ear
tufted
3 aut-wi. Blsh elder trunks
3 rulescent-fusca Fr. redd-brown tufted
3 aut-wi. Rsh
elder trunks
16207 recisa Fr.
cut-back
gregarious i winter Brsh dead willows
16-98 flaccida E. B.
flaccid
thin
# winter Dark oak bark
16299 glandulsa Fr.
glandular
very gelat. 2 aut.
2399. DACRYMYCES. Nees. DacRYuvces.

16xx) morifornis Fr.
mulberry-like sessile
16001 stellatus Nees
trickling
very soft
T. deliquescens Grev
2400. AGY"RIUM. Fr.
AGYRIUM.
16302 caesium Fr.
Caeslotis
punctif
Br
Bolton, t. 107
Eng bott. 2447.

Eb, t:1819 boletiformis
-
Eng bot. t. 24.52
dead trees
E. b. t. 2448. T arborca
dead wood
Eng bot. 24.46

Grev. crypt. 159
Sp. 2-7.
0 aut.
Bl
all sea. Or Y rotten wood

Sp. 16.
0 all sea. Caes
dead pine wood
2401. HYMENEL L.A. Pr. HYMENElla.

1G300 vulgris Fr.
Connnnon
tumid
+ aut.
Sp. 1-4.
Blsh nettle stems
2402 N.EMATE LIA. Fr. NEMAtelia.

16304 encephala Fr.
monstrous deformed
i aut.
Sp. 13.
Flesh dead pinewood
Class IV. ScleroTIACEI.

2403. ACROSPER''MUM. Tode.
16205 cornuitum Fr.
cornute
AcRosPERMUM.
gregarious + aut.
1626 compressum Toie dk narr-stem. scattered

2404. SCLEROTIUM. Tode. Scleaotit-M.
Mustard Seed hard
8 Brassicae Bolt.
Turnip Seed hard
16308 fungorum
Fungus
roundish
16307 smen Tode
Sp. 2-5.
putrid Agarics
Bulliard, t. 256
dead herbac. plants Grev. crypt. 182
Sp. 1260.
* wi.spr. W.Y dead leaves
Grev crypt. 144
+ wi.spr. W.Y dead leaves
Sowerby, t.393
0 aut.
Br
gills of dead Agarics
ti aut.
Bish
16280
16.200
2:06. Cryptomyces. . Upon this curious addition to the British Flora, Dr. Greville has the following remarks.
This very curious plant, I have little hesitation in placing as a new genus among the true Fungi. It is
difficult to say, with what it has nearest affinity. In general habit, it might be supposed to resemble some
species of Thelephora, but there the comparison stops. Our plant, besides being produced under the epidermis,
seems to belong to a more perfect group, when its structure is examined. The hymenium is a quite distinct
substance from that of the receptacle. The fructification is fully and beautifully developed, a good deal similar to
that of the Helvellae. The receptacle is carnose and white; and the whole exhales a very strong odor, precisely
like what is universaily known under the name of a fungus-like smell, Till the plant is perfected, it remains
concealed beneath the epidermis; and on this account, I have named the genus Cryptomyces. The epidermis,
in
fact,byscarcely
seems to
crack
the swelling
thecluster
fungus,
more than
by the
being
killed
its separation
from
thebysubjacent
bark.of A
of willows,
which
wasnatural
attacked
in the beginning
of
the season by this plant, has been nearly destroyed by it; and, from the rapidity of its progress, I have no
doubt that a whole plantation might, in the course of a couple of seasons, be rendered good for nothing. At
a little distance, the affected branches look as if they were dry, scorched, and rotten.
2.97.
Large
or middle-sized
at theonbase,
whichofisitsconsiderably
contracted
between
the
barkTremella.
and the wood
of trees,
Dilleniusfungi,
namedrooting
the genus
account
soft, tenacious,
tremulous
sub
stance, but his name was applied in a far more extensive sense than at present. The section called Phyllopta
is an aberrant form of the genus, and should perhaps be separated.
28. Erida. From #4a, to proceed from a thing;, with reference to the manner in which the sporidia
cxude as it were from their receptacle. This genus differs from Tremella, to which it is nearest, in its her.
zontal Peziza like receptacle; in its hymenium being superior, the lower surface being dissimilar and cither
. IX. Trim I.
FUNGI H YMENOMYCETES.
1021
18289SuborbtcuUr olivaceous at length nearly black white within, Theca: elongated obtuse
Classlobed
III. andTrbmrllivi.
]2P0 Sessile
roundish ororange-yellow
variously
plicate
.1
Sessile clustered
roundish
spreading
and
somewhat
expanded
obtusely lobed and plaited whitish
IV:
Sessile
ttimiil
plaited
shining-brown
I1VJ Gregarious distinct tender gelatinous simple lingulate dull-orange pulverulent towards the a>ex
:' Sessile gelatinous reddish-purpleat first club-shaped then rounded lobed plaited or curled finally blackish
16 Cartilaginous lobed somewhat wrinkled black
Pezhoid,
plicate,flexuose
villousblackish
beneath,plaited
or dotted
with side
roughness.
Tubes: beneath
halfinferior,
162%L Seuile
concave
on each
with veins
downydistinct.
olive-greyAuricula.
li.-"7 Very soft truncate-flat subrepand fuscous beneath dotted scabrous, Stipes very short oblique out ofcentre
^miiu ruscous
dotted
scabrous, Stipes very short
. oblique
-e.cjout
16298 m flaccid
naccid very dark, externally
opaque,beneath
internally
wrinkled
Somewhatflattened,
half-inferinr
wavy,notrugose
beneath,
16299 Sets,L2.round,
rather spread, thick
or.'
goyrose
plicateTubes
ben. :half-inferiort
the surface obsolete.
bear.* min.
white-beaded processes
16300
sinuousround
darkdepressed
opaque fleshy
purple inside
tiJUl Conglobated
Uregarious entire
pulpy and
orange-yellow
302 Gregarious nearly separate convex whitish aious
iXG Long various smooth whitish when dry becoming brown : the circumference adhering
304 SubtessUe pulvinate plaited-rugosc pale flesh-color becoming dry
Sclerottacei.
Horn-likemostly
smoothlanceolate
when drysomewhat
furrowedClass
rufousIV.subcomprcssed
becoming
palerofatathe
ftiD5 Stipitate
obtuse
darkendolivaceous color
07I {'lustered
Separate spherical whitish-yellow
wrinkled and black, white inside
immersed
palebecoming
inside
Deformed somewhat
lobed smooth
pale becoming
tawny, whitish inside
' nipic, ami ribbed in a peculiar

andmanner;
Miscellaneous
in theParticulars.
conoid papillaOf thedisk ; in the tubes, which
a*e>.
containing
thegrowing
spondeein ;patches,
and in the large
elasticor manner
in which
the
li'irtMif'1?0
ihnmg wood
C .ruil."nei,t-'iry
sllct''cs
arc
simple,
rarely
middleformsize,
and being
gene
; when dry they are membranous, hut nearly regainof atheir
original
upon
'J"'?''*fr, F1" *;t<, a tear, and wjzr,, a fungus ; in allusion to their deliquescent nature,
'of tb^'Jf"^0"* ' "",,1> * yellow confluent mass found chiefly upon pine-timber in the spring, is
ifrisiLUi
An'wrent'y
<*-yv%i;,
i crowd,declares
in allusion
(oit the
disposition
of(he individuals
;
m " s. ma"autnor
ol thefrornname,
expressly
that
lias clustered
been named
upon
ob supcrftdem
nunuuam
lo\
not-likegregarious
plants
growing
upon
wood,
perennial,
seated
a
crust-like
spot,
and
{J species of Let-idea.
Vrji_m
i'j
Thkl genus
consistsmore
of plants
growing
generally
upon thesurface,
stem, having the
but softer,
tender,
anil upon
bearingplants,
sporidia
within
'fiiat i-m dunim
'r tilv- coll*'sll*i
nnly of a kind
of elementary
hymenium,
whencetheir
their name, lor which
iirliaJi .LFrom
gelatine, and yXw. to enwrap, on account m tl. *.
Cuta XlV. I o
CRTPTOGAMIA.
102
spring Or Y rtom.ofn,o
Irregular 0 s& . ks
16309
mneteme
Pert- Moss
Willow patches
sea.
Bsh dead Ptcris aquilina Grer. crypt- 1W
16310
sali,
lnuni
Pert.
patches
0 all
atit
sn. BlBr
16311 poplneum ivr*. Poplar
puuctiformO
leavesherb,
oftrees
Bracken
spring
16312
Ptcridls
Pin
button-like
0
stems
16313 scutellatinn . shield-like
wi.spr.
BlBl dead
less
crowd.
0
dc^d
herb,
steins Grev. crypt- 1
siliiiing
wi.spr.
16314
nitidum
Pr. hard
corneous
00 aut. Bl roticn gourde
Grev. cry?1-1-77
16315
drum
Fr.
confluent
dead
leaves
16316
bulllum Pert bl.stercd
scattered
Oak
16317
crowded 00 at Wsh putrtdfttft
1631S (uerctnum
frctuum Greo. Fruit
ISIA. all sefT^ saflon roots
o3. crocrum
RHIZOCTONIA
16J19
Dec.crocrum
~rfK\zL
Thaiuttphyta
Neo
2406. PEKI'OLA. Fr. Pf.RlOLA. scattered i wUpr^W^Potatoe roots
16320 tomentosa er. downy
glumes of grasse. DeamenL.LliaS*
2407 ACl'NULA.
.
. Sp.Blsh1.
llaJ'cvus
Fr. Fr. common
0 .uL ÎJriU-W*"**
S'A^rVemiM^ Grev. Wormwood patch
M Trifolium
poidery
Clover
16323
TrifSUi
Gi-r-v.
aut
spots
1632* Berbridis LVi Berberry
'
aut
birch
leaves
powdery
iI FU.aut.
Blsh
1632. Uthyri Grco. Vetch
Robinia
viscosa
tiered
Birch
aut
VVsh
16326
Arctium
Lappa
powdery
I
su.aut
B*h
16327 Btulae
Robinia?Dec.
Greo. Acacia
Aquilegia
vulgaris
patches
Burdock
>
aut.
Wsh
163
Arc't
Gr
Achemtlb
vulgar*
) su. aut. YeB
1S29 Aquilgie Columbine spots
W
garden
pea
)J aut
Blsh
maple
rmere
aut Glau, honeysuckles
Wsh AfperifoluB
1 Lonic era .Ore. * Lwitery 00 aut
0 aut
aut Wsh Ranunculi
16335 Ilauiincuh Grec. urowiuw
GASTEROMYCETES.
Class I. A>oiocastreb. Division I. Phailotdctr.
409. PHAT/LUS.
Phalli*
29. woods and hedge* ?
01, ei4 /
lftfi
L. Weh.
Stinking
fetid *8 eu' autSp.Wsh
16337 iinpudlCHs
canlr.us Hatlt.
scentlessMorel verv
~
, lruilkl wW- ..,;*1
an.sep. Pk
2410. phallodes
/.*.
.
16338
Peri. Phallus-like
long
2411. TU'BKIt.Sibfh.
1.
16339
1640 cibrium
al'bidum (ttalp.
16309
*S AS1 Frm.,.bout. and

bairinin.UMon.oU,o
Brow tug upon the root* of plants, or decaying fungL
O. IX. Taux I.
FUNGI- *1
HVMENOMYCETES.
16309
Uregarious
roundish
but
very
orange-yellow
lftlW Depressed epiphyllous scatterm;irregular
or very tuberculose
confluent reddish
fulvous whin and without or whitish J02S
16311
Minute
on
both
sides
of
the
leafnumerous
dark
mostly
angular
subconfluent
16312 Epiphyllous
Black very minute
roundish
oratoval
numerous
depressedin middleand
16313
orbicul.
flattened
length
somew.
concave
fixed
lien,
by a central filamentouspoint
16314 Deep-black
Minute somewhat
scattered
orcernuous
partiallyataggregate
very blackor orbicular
depressed
16315
oval
orconfluent
elongatedcorneous
lengthand
substriate
rugose
white
within
16316
Roundish
or
oval
externally
black
paler
within
and
concave
16317 Hounded
Epiphvllousor scattered
globular orconfluent
eubdepressedsmooth
pale atbrown
lengthorblack,
comeou*within
16318
oblftig sometimes
white at length
blackSubstancevery
corneous externally,
somewhat bollow and camoee
15319 Rufous, Filamento few spreading over the bulb in the form ofa disk
lt>320 Round deformed downy white
GJSTER03YCETES.
DirWoi. IL Tlaus.
i raign uh wartJ whtbJl
upon rotten wo mI. not rlu.i/.r.- j
I.II with
01,1
lal"
- /Wer.
XXIV.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
1024
Mr0-00* S ""'zop' * * s"l!ii",y
Bull.cliamp t*0*
' .pcaproa gilMsum Dick*.
Division III. yidnlaruicca.
S/i. 315. rotMn fe \% '
2413. NIDUI.A'BIA. //, ".i , B<fW*on
241*. '
MYRlOrOCCUM163*5
*.
' Fr.r
J ear. sp. W
dead leaves, &c

damptrunk.
Division IV. Carpohdl.

2416 ATRACWBOLIJS.
TM*. Atraôbouj
7l*ul*4
IM common
powdery 0 th. to.^ ...&.
Nce,,jlttaS
1_2
J&25SS?S2*
Bolton.
418 PII.O-BOI.S Toile.
lroolw^l bonedmig
Bolton, J1 1^. HL*
^TerT^ ^SST" .'-i^cll, boraod,
Grcv. crrpL 158
Class II. PYRENOUTCETS. Ol ision L Sphicrittcci.
. L 55
So. 11 JS.ninips of trees
2450 XYI.A'RIA Hill. Xvlmua
nilail sea.
sea. B)Bl slumps of trees
16351 hypoaylori Ora. J"
t fia. rfirl/afc
variable 2 .t Bi ^rtS" 5w*.,
lftfM
polymrpha
.
polymorph
&4 tomorhIM
grac ilis ilm.Dick: insect-root
'ender , simple
stalked
55
.ufted 'o,bJoet.pa.tandea.llaelea
lliBfi capltl* Hofcn* a,.,
ate lirittle
m-like
brittle
16357 aluuirea Pes. tan-Ilk.
Rolln t4. 1S. (.8
looli
gregarious 4i antsp. V oM
o,(, trunks
trunk(
llw.iS3 iitraitfiWoodv.
livp.ixvloll Mr. r,/,-.ss-
(
fl. * ^ alli,al dung
16
gregario..
16353 iwnrtta W """"
10343
. ..taitS""
is recorded
of a Itman
having to1'=
'matiiigifflesapnrodisiacal
i|iia it).the
ixe tue K~.ii
E irc ^
are found
under
various
forms.
1,flavor
rclrte,l
have
iin.lt.rth.
,'.''|
of color
-trifling.
". *tim"
"F"**"
"ar0
foud
'"from
J">""
a,,d MMl"1&"TSffir^-rf
popular
than
their
which
J
'
in
Japan
eatable
'fo"di,,'^fr7
5jfS"!5
parts
of Europe,
od is lightliossessing
and ni.lir..,I,,,. .,1 ouaHnes. On the outs.de COTCrto "*J
corvmbee
!2where
the pledittrb,
134&f I' '"'" ""'
lr"'n r* d T,a,, heard
*
plants consist of Jt-!'irry '
2*14.
MH^ZJ2^
'"
COnUU
s|>orules.
and
all
toge
her
resembling
a
binl's-M*
lenticular
li,
.','
"""'"lit
of
ntus,
a
nest.
The
4W*
,,,,,,,,
fe"j!>
s, I X '"'1
a thousand,
confluent,,dtubercles ,LM-liuts
,it,|, capsule.
broad, atBelated
first sight
,
resrmlsi *
, 2415. the
p,*,','"
",,ht[,r<'mi"ct
brown
orifices.
, |.ttr tM
S,',",".r,
N"m,?rtubstanee,
b)' Lillkfn,m
and eonsiilcr
,m, a un.4u.1l
capsule simridia
Easilyd!."""0
"ft *rerT
whicli NWs.,
alid l-Yies
. ,^mralft
El
nT? *?<".
l'"c-.
andofAtUtsa
to east
Thea,bladder
whibi*|" p>ls
JE
. grumous
i,
4,vt"1
from
lhc
base
the
cuVule
as
soon
the
2
lasi241tV
Dy theAlracM,!
internalfoundZh''
s.ms.auvs,
,
,7^^.
to
cast.
*
1
,
,iie
o]ieteuiu"
FromIs eje.4e<l
a s,.ithe
.die,base-Utas
."''(il ^*,,le
asj*c^de
' (4*.
"ml
lr . I .[soonute
P"**
.*. 13 B*"
Uruaiform
and
cloud,
and
from
tue
T0ic
. 77.Wr,.,.
3,>., a nipple, "d^""'lwSer
in June and Jnn.
vesicle.
I'tiii i. foundFrom
01. the
ram) woas"
on
dung of swine, after rainy
i
O* IX. ..
H,
.
""""
ft . HIMDCM * , . ,
j, U 1"|"'1 *> 1
*
i nun** s* viinjtii
.Ii I "w il
FUNGI OA8TEHOMYCETE&
.
"'""""'cjlin.lrical
ISS Tubercle. .^
"*"-. M .j
arUlMIV. a.rpobol..
Resembling to the i eye ta,, quered
i
about
-V -ain>M
'
fcU "*
fegarious sessile
r "
,SJ-ft*
* "^l-J.-l
I**1
,
HWfSlem-like
*_ , I- istcm.iike
vesicle round depi
Clase IL Pyrenomycetbs.
Class
farinaceous
Division Ltowards
Sphttriacei.
16351 Gregarious
Gregarious branched
blackPeduncles
white endglabrous
apex atdowny
MS52
somewhatcompressed
tufted black.
more or les*theunited
theiratbatetl
cylindrical
terminated
by
a
sterile
acuminate
apex
lfvlig Black gregar. simp, or divid. Pedunc. pass, into a ventrie rccept. contain, spherules ben. its v
Stipes dongat.
cylindr.fuscous,
equal somew.
flexuose,
Ilecept smooth roundish-ovate brown, Sphcri
lleshy.
Head globose
Stipes.StijK-s
thin very
i! Fleshy
^lcsny
Head
ovati'clvate
globosebrown,
vellowlong
becoming
blackish
16157
solt,
Head
pale
t.in-color
confluent
the stipes
1 Corky simple and branch, compressed at first whitishwithpowdery
afterwards naked and black, S
Smaller simple,
distinct cylindrical
- Stipitate
turbin. Head
Disk truncate
white dottedconical
with acuminate
black blackish externally
ica-.i
(
163M
ft
*
CRYPTOGAMIA.
lTn4,.u
T'Rl
QreV.
SrnOMATOSPH.KRU.
4S1.STROMAT0S1H.K1"'
! aut. ] ash trunks
16360
concntrica rev. um
orched ncshy
^11** . rotten stump.
1631 deuta Gr.
suben 0 .II g; decayed
dead
deadhasel
hazelblanche.
Bl herbaomu.
deadbranche,lena
. deadbeeche.
,63Mfr4f6rmSGm.Str.wbry-Ii.ecltoed t auf.
dead h.e,&c
16367 stlgm. GYc,
16368
decortieatr
163139 lta Grev.
Elm
asan,
16370 ulmria Orr s^sass;
..* XXIV
So. I M
Son. 1 338. uioa
votS
Grev. crypir
wer. ul39tI
Grev.crutl*
gKM
ma.
t?1"
So. LSlo.*!
,
Grcr. crjpt. 1
,.!
So.t.S7it
16373 elliptic Gr Ulpttci 8"*

^
1637* parllela Smverby parallel S SallSSiilSSrÛ
16375 ribsia Gre,
l-urr.
So.tS741
dead hardi
dead lunes
1637
Immer
aK
16377 ttlgro nniilita GwU<bw

Grev.crypt 110
n .,11 P.r dead trunks
16378 rubiglnsa Grcv. purplish crusts 0 .liseur dead oak branches
,ow-white gregarious 0 11 se* W
16)79 nivea Grcv.
p,um
den mass J.Usea.Bl dead sloe branches
16380 prunSstri Greif.
dead oak branches
contiguous t( all.11 sea.
C2, ,bco,.Hue..tO
seit BlBl decayed hasel
16381 Ina Grev.
Grev.
tu oeau
dead branches
all sea. Bl
I6383comiculSU Gr,, horned
horned subcortical 0 ...
^êrST *B gregarious 0 al, se. dea,
c,. dead branches
16386
leSXl coccnea
decol.'.r.nsGr,.
to. discotaring ^
larger I asar sa Grev. crypt"0
16J88 elongta Gre. long Uack. crack
m CRYPTOSPH.E'BI A- Gm.. JJST",
*~-ro
f
dead
dead beeches
birches
lSB9
tagine.
Gr.
X
0
al,
fob.
4 BnS* - dr, spS 0 WL spr. . dry oak leaves
16391 btrons Fries
Cower. S73. t
hasel
leave.
sower.
noneysuc. branches co- I 1 16
ls3!e
ont
Gr,,
.sEcSES
s
dead
nettle .tenu
S,5"* SE"" SA
0 -
r
0
nil
Vi
16395
Hder Soiriy Ivy
leaf "SformO
BlBl
16396 millepuncltaGre,
punctulated
. .11snrnB
iJV.
upon ye
leavesI"* sosr.
ore,crypt1
0 spring BJ dead
gubenfluens W. subconfluent
patches
Yew
,
spots
0
all
i
16398 Grev.
,a"
.6360
to Ml.
.
From
ss
by"1"
.'
rllle
fro
*$SMe*u*
halarter
of the iecies.So named
Apparently
well divide.,
MM. .
in reference
to thebyJUT.
forro o fpunllo, whim
. IX. TribkU.
wooiAitUftlYCETES.
1027
FUNGI GASTEROMYCETES.
Receptaclefree,
not hurtlingOrifices
throughofbark.
16160 Large
somewhat
hemispherical,
Surface
the spherules scarcely at all raised
withinblack
of regular
concentric
strata smooth,
16361 Iargc
palecomposed
and cantse
at length
brownish-black
and rigid spreading thick undulato-rugose : the
surface
dotted
with
raised
points
lffB Brown hemispher. depress, lomew. conflu. when crowd, interior ofsame col. Spher. very slightly promiii.
166
Black gregarious
thickish undulato-rugose
whitish
Mouths Spherules
of the spherulesminute
round and
somewhat prominent
1
Black
forming
or oblongwithin,
etn
smooth.
without
mouthi
HtiS Black
irregular mostly
freelinear
but sometimes
bursting
through the barkveryspreading
confluentobvious
thickish-grcen
within, Mouths ofthe spherules
~ ' ted prominent
f "> circiimfgrei
^?
,
level-topped acutelytîded y
andinrough
grooved the bark oblong elevated, Orfli
ir'
m gregarious
rouml mucnsometimes
cleVdted veTV
gregariousbursting
: the orifices
thick irregular
Black
subconfiuent
transversely
through4-eided
the bark ferruginous within,
]
Unflces
ot
pherulerect
straight
cylindrical
spinoee
i-Ci Keceptacle very small black, Spherules
few crowded
with thickish cylindrical elongated obtuse coarctate
orinces umbilicate at their apex and piercing the bark
;6384
Black ellipt-obL
burstglobose
longitudin.
the bark,black
Spher.
seat immersed
on crept crowd,
somew.Tubes
tessellat
Clustered,
Spherules
dottedthrough
red at length
at first
in the rugose
receptacle,
COD
V
Uimm*
tne
|1
attenuated
at
each
extremity
rW
gre*!r'"us
Spherules
minute
clustered
scarlet
oval
irregular
in
size
smooth
:
the
mouth
papilliform
Black,
hi "J,a,e-retl
on atthefirst
receptacle.
and rugose
kJ*
Stromascattered
very lone,or crowded
Perithelia
immersedSpherules
at lengthglobose
sessiletubcrculated
crowded globose,
Orifice p
with a circular depression around it
- ac* sPn*niles few: the mouths
Sphcruies
elongateil
collected
roughintoconverging
circular clusters.
f "I'êrules
aggregated
forming a dense
circle, sj>ots
Mouths
flexiioseconvex
converging
ual' il Innate
grow, on both
sides, Leafarrayed
in round
flat filiform
black, Pcrith
promin.depressed
becom. b
* Spherules more
or less scaltered,
or simply aggregated,
m . ,
a. Spherules
with an orifice.
few aggregated
globoseglob,
blacknearly
: thesc|wirate
orifice suberect
filiform shining
style-like
XSJ|*
fregar,
burst,
forth,numerous
Peritnecia
fine black
and cup-shap.
Orificelimp.
Black shining
very
ovate conical
: the mouth
shortbecom.
thick ragged
cylindrical
piercing the
epidermis
- a b,ack l4*'"^ After the decay ofthe epidermis the spherules are naked
5 Irr*!
Pcrithecia
prominent
convex
smooth
black,
Orifice
otn
white
Espnerulei buck minute very numerous globose white within immersed in the substance ofthe bark : the
moutn
vcrYPerithecia
iho" scarcely
piercing the epidermis which seems covered with innumerable(1dots
W47 Upon
Minuteleaves,
tcattenwi
innate prominent nunetiform
ie leaf convex
16391
163S6
, bf T*te. aeems to h
S
Particulars. 16397
to^^ *+ "* - of the anecie* can.

onus formed by Dr. Greve, to include those pIanie fomerIv ^
toSpheri*.
1028
CRYPTOGAMIA.
16399 strobilina Grew.
Pine-cone
16400 Latiri Grev.

1640.2 bifrons Grew.
Laurel
scattered
double
variable
two-fronted scattered
16403 aurntia Grev.
orange
16404 Ptridis Sowerby

16405 decompnens Sow
16406 acuminta Sower
16407 curvirstra Sower
16408 Tamariscinis Grev.
Brake
confluent
decomposing spots
acuminate very min.
curv.-beaked very min.
Tamarisk
patches
16401 duplex Sowerby
uneven
dead fircones
0 all sea. Blsh

0 all sea. Bl
0 all sea. Bl
Spargan. stems, &c. Sower. t. 375, f4

dead holly leaves Sower. t.316
succulent 0 all sea. Ysh

6 spring Bl
dead laurel leaves
dead fungi
0 all sea. Bl
dead Tam. german. Grev. crypt. fl. t.45

dead honeysuckle
thistle stems
Umbellifer stems
0 all sea. Bl
Herbaceous punctif
0 winter Bl
dead herbac. plants
16411 nebulsa Grew.
cloudy
spots
0 winter Bl
dead herbac. plants
16412 capillta Grev.
hairy
very min.
Sower. t. 394. f. 3
0 all sea. Br.Bl deadlvs. of Holcus mollis Grev. crypt.fi.t.69
16413 Egopdii Grev.

AEgopodium spots
16414 punctifrmis Grev. dot-like
white spots
16415 microscpica Grev. microscopic cla-lik. sp.
16416 glauco-punctataGr.
dotted clq.-lik.sp.
0
0
0
0
minute
0
polymorp. 0
arbutus
Grev. crypt. 78
0 all sea. Bl
C all sea. Bl
0 all sea. Bl
16409 semi-immrsaGrew. }-immersed shining
Reed
Sower. t. 371. f. 4
P. aquilina stems Sower. t. 394. f. 10

dead poplar branc. Sower. t. 217
16410 herbrum Grev.
16417 arundincea Sow.

16418 arbuticola Sower,
CLAss XXIV.
0 all sea. Bl
all sea.
all sea.
all sea.
all sea.
spring
spring
Blsh
Bl
Bl
B. Bl
Bl
Bl
living lvs. of Egopod. Podagraria

dead oak and other leaves
dead Port, laurei Ivs.
dead Rusc. aculeat. Ivs.

reed stems
Sower. t. 336
dead Uva ursilvs. Sower. t.370. f. 6
2424. HETEROSPHAERIA. Grew. HETERosPhenia.

Sp. 1.
16419 patlla Grev.
collapsed
shining
0 all sca. Bl
dead herbac. stalks Grev. crypt. 103
2425. SPHAERIA. Haller. Sphaeria.
Sp. 38-63.
16420 spermoides Pers.
seed-like
crowded
0 all sea.
rotten wood
16421 Peziza Pers.
cup
irreg.clust. 0 all sea. R
dead dry wood
Grev. crypt, fl. 186
16422 Doliolum Pers.
tub
contiguous 0 all sea. Bl
dead herbac. stalks
16423 affinis Grev.
red mouthed pretty
0 aut.
R
on Bangia atrovirens Grev. crypt. 186
16424 citrina Pers.
yell web-like byssoid
0 aut.wi. Y
on rotten wood, &c. Grev. crypt. 215
16427 srpens Pers.

16428 rptans Sowerby
16425 concntrica Bolton concentric

creeping
branched
confluent
superficial
broad pat.
superficial
16429 laevis Sowerby
smooth
immersed 0 aut.
16426 tuberculsa Bolton warted
0
0
0
0
aut.
all sca.
spr. wi.
aut.
Blsh
Fusc.
Bl
Dark
upon trees
bark of trees
Bolton, t. 180
Bolton, t. 123. f. 1
dead wood
Bl
dead wood
Sow.t.372 fill.crustacea
Sower. t. 395. f. 1
Sower. t. 394. f. 5
dead wood
16430 nummulria Fries moneywort orbicular
0 aut.wi. Dark dead wood
Sower. t. 373 diffusa
16431 enterole(ca Fries white-heart. crustace.
0 all sea. Wsh dry branches
Sow. t. 120. ? tentaculata

Sower. t. 218. Saturnus
Sower. t. 374. f.7
Sower. t. 374. f. 6
Sower. t. 394. f. 2
Sower. t. 23
16432 leiphaemia Fries
1643 oblnga Sowerby
bordered
immersed 0 spr.su.
in circles 0 all sea.
patches
0 all sea.
spots
0 aut.
small
0 aut.sp.
oblong
16434 convrgens Sower converging
16435 Nidula, Sowerby
bird's nest
16436 hydrphora Sower pitcher
Pallid
Bl
Bl
Dark
dead oak branches

birch bark
smooth bark
bean roots
Or. R soft beech wood
S. Peziza Tode
16437 sanguinea Sibth.

16438 papillsa Sowerby
16439 stercorria Sower
16440 episphaeria Tode
blood-red
pimpled
dung
parasitic
0
gregarious 0
middle sized 0
dots
0
16441 byssisda Pers.
byssoid
spread. wide 0 all sea. Br. Bl dead branches
16442 hirstita Pers.
hairy
shining
0 all sea. Bl
dead branches
16443 pilsa Pers.
pilose
shining
0 all sea. Br
dead branches
16444 clva Pers.

16445 afirea Grew.
16446 roslla Alb.
bald
punctif
0 all sea. Bl
dry rotten branches
golden
crowded
spots
0 all sea. Or
0 aut.
R.
decay, large fungi Grev. crypt t 47
rosy
16400
minute
16401
spring
all sea.
spring
wi. spr.
Crim.
Dark
Bl
R.
16402
naked wood
rotten wood
dung
Sower. t. 236
Sower. t.357
Stromatosphaeria
Grev. crypt. 175
red
Grev. crypt. 175
Grev. crypt. 138

16403

which are destitute of a receptacle and remain concealed (xvrror hidden, whence the name) beneath the
dermis of vegetables, which is only perforated by their mouths. They are further characterized by having
their spherules not enclosed in filiform tubes as in true Sphaeria.
ORD. IX. Talaz II.
---T-
--
-*-*
1029
16399 Black roundish oblong scattered bursting through the epidermis, Orifice irregular papillose
[minute
16400 Scatter rather min.
black. splitt.
in centre and becom umbilicat. Spor naked very
16401 Scattered, Perithecia immersed globose black concealed, Orifices dilated naked hemispherical
16402 Scattered black shining plane: the margin slightly raised; the epidermis united with the plant and
bursting at the centre into 3-5 acute segments, Sporules naked oblong in 3-5 distinct masses
1610.3 Gregarious often crowded, Spherules yellowish globose somewhat fleshy, Orifices short cylindrical sur
rounded by an orange web
16404 Somew.innate parallel conflu shin black burst with paral slits, Thallus black, Perith, in rows connate
16405 Scattered, Perithecia immersed globose, Orifices min. convex peeping out of a black spot becom bossed
16406 Gregarious, Perithecia somewhat immersed ovate black, Orifice bursting conical acute
16407 Gregarious, Perithecia covered ovate black, Orifices bursting equal smooth longer
16408 Scattered under the epidermis which is very convex and ruptured in the centre, Mouth very short obtuse
not exserted, Sporules oval in filiform tubes
16409 Scattered globose with a very short rounded umbilicated mouth: at first the mouth only visible at length
the spherule itself semi-exserted falling out in decay and leaving a cavity
16410 Spherules minute scattered very numerous black round depress. Orifice papilliform piercing the epidermis
like minute dots at length naked when it decays
16411 Spherules excessively minute scattered forming dark greyish cloud-like longitudinal spots on the smooth
stalks of plants: the orifice somewhat acute penetrating the epidermis
b. Spherules without an evident orifice.

16412 Parasitic on the leaves of dead grasses scattered brown black white within flat hemispherical: the apex
furnished with a tuft of black rigid diverging hairs
16413 Scattered or in small groups minute roundish producing pale spots on the leaf
16414 Scattered very gregarious fructiform somewhat shining rarely dehiscent
16415 Excessively minute very gregarious so as to form dark cloud-like irregular spots on the leaf
16416 Spherules very numerous punctiform glaucous or blueish-black rendering the leaf pale
16417 Bursting forth lin, black with hardly any thallus, Perithecia in 1 or 2 rows somew connate black inside
16418 Gregar. conflu cover with a blackened epider. Perith. deform. black: disk finally burst forth and opaque
16419 Forming nearly equidistant spots upon the stems of large dead herbaceous plants, Very common
* Spherules with an orifice, not hairy.
16420 Black globose nearly smooth crowded: the orifice minute slightly papilliform
16421 Fine red min smooth gregar. glob. with a very min, papill, orifice, Spher, at length collapsed and concave
16422 Black scattered gregarious roundish ovate acute shining: the mouth papilliform
16423 Subgregar. or scattered sessile orange-colored smooth glob destitute of orifice whit. and filament at base
16424 Perithecia glob. subimmers Orifices promin convex furnish, with an effused filament strat. of a yell. color
164.25 Globose deformed brownish-black banded within with concentric layers, Perithecia oblong immersed
16426 Convex pulvinate fuscous whole-colored inside, Perithecia globose, Orifices bossed
16427 Effused thin flattened black, Perithecia subglobose prominent pimpled
16428 Dark, Layer diffused branched, Perithecia oblong smooth pimpled
16429 Elliptical smooth black white inside, Perithecia immersed ovate without orifice
16430 of a regular figure very flat contigu. dark extern. and internally, Perith immers, ov. Orif glob. promin.
16431 Orbic conv. separ. Layer white, Perithecia min. Orifices numer disengaged glob, and rostell, somew, rug.
16432 Pustular, Layer adhering to the bark and emerging, Disk palish, Orifices exserted oval and rostellate
16433 Perithecia subovate, Orifices long thickened at end united in an opaque disk bursting transversely
16434 Minute circinate, Perithecia about 6 ovate and converging, Orifices round somewhat tapering emerging
16435 Caespitose growing to the surface, Perithecia stalked ovate acute smooth dark
16436 Gregarious soft, Perithecia globose smooth somew, pimpled orange-red becoming concave by collapsion
''
16437 Scattered soft very small, Perithecia ovate smooth

led crimson
16438. Dark, Perithecia thin globose smooth, Orifice papillaeform
16439 Black shining, Perithecia globose rigid smooth, Orifice
16440 Sess. min. soft aggregated or scattered smooth blood-red, Perithecia subglob. collapsing, Orifice papilliform
** Spherules with an orifice, hairy.

16441 Rather large brownish-black shining globose with a
orifice arising from a dense brown
filamentous stratum which sometimes partly envelopes the sperules
16442 Gregarious somewhat clustered quite black, Spherules roundish ovate somewhat tuberculate with short
rigid scattered hairs, Orifice obtuse
16443 Spherules minute crowded roundish: when young appearing like one mass of diverging brown hairs at
length almost naked towards the apex and black, Orifice minute papilliform
16444. Black gregar hemispher minutely granulat..: the apex naked somew.shin. ; the base hairy, Orif papill.
16445 Gregar..very crowd ov, somew. acum orange, Orifice indist, but the spherules escape in a pulverul. form
16446 Gregarious rose-colored, Spherules ovato-globose subacute or papillose placed on a paler colored web
16423
&
... 16425 16126
"
&
&
2424. Heterosphaeria. . From iriter, various, and Sphaeria, but we do not know in allusion to what pecu
liarity.
A small black dot-like plant.
2435. Sphaeria. In allusion to the spherical figure of the species, which are exceedingly numerous and diffi
3 U 3
--
- -- - -
- - - -- - -- - -- - - - -
1030
--- - -
CRYPTOGAMIA.
two-formed scattered
terrestrial clustered
1644.7 bifrmis Pers.
terrstris Sow.
16448 morifrmis Pers.
16449 lignria Grev.
16450 rugsa Grew.
16451 Pisi Sowerby
16452 ptilvis-pyrius Pers.
16453 irregulris Sower
0 spring Bl
0 spring Bl
Mulberry
contiguous 0 all sea. Bl
black wood punctiforin 0 all sea. Bl
rugose
Pea
scattered 0
seed-like 0
pulvinate 0
patches
0
punctiform 0
wi. spr.
all sea.
aut.
wi. spr.
aut.
rotten wood
Pers, syn. t. 2 f 14
gravelly soil
Sower. t. 373. f. 7
Bl
Bl
dead wood
Sow. t. 337 claviformis
dead wood
Grev. crypt. 82
dead Polyporabietinus Grev. crypt, fl. t.39
dead pease haulm Sower. t.393. f. 8
dead dry wood
Grev. crypt. 152
Brsh
dead wood
tessellated 0 all sea. Bl
small black
irregular
Cranberry
minute-crowd.
warty
hirsute
CLAss XX1V.
Sower. t. 374. f. 9
Dark liveVacc Vitisidaea Sower. t. 373 f 1

Bl
dead wood
Grev. crypt. 152
areolated
aut, wi. Bl
cup of fungi
Grev. crypt. 39
clustered
all sea. Bl
plaster
Sower. t.386. f. 3
2426. LO"PHIUM. Fries. LoPhiuM.
Sp. 2-3.
16458 eltum Grew.
elongated
scattered is all sea. Bl
pine bark
Grev. crypt. 177
16459 mytilinum Fr.
muscle-shap. crustaceous 0 all sea. Bl
pine bark
Grev. crypt. 177
16454 Vaccinii Sower.
16455 myriocrpa Fries

16456 verrucsa Grev.
16457 hirsuita Sowerby
Division II.
2427. SPHAERONAE/MA. Fries. SphenonAEMA.
16460 subultum Fries
Cytisporei.
Sp. 1-15.
awl-shaped spiculiform is aut.
Ciner on Agarics
2428. SEPTA'RIA. Fries. SeptAnia.

1646l Ulmi Fr.
Elm-leaf
0 aut.
Br
elm leaves
2429. CYTISPORA. Ehrenb. CYTIsPoRA.

Sp. 2-18.
Sphaeria. Sowerby
16462 Chrysosprma Fr. yellow-seed. spots
0 all sea. Blsh poplar bark
1646.3 Rosrum Grew
ose twig pustular 0 aut.
Pallid dead rose branches
2430. PHOMA. Fr.
PhoMA.
Sp. 2-5.
Sphaeria. Sowerby
16464 saligna Fr.
willow leaf pimpled
0 wi. spr. Brsh dead willow leaves
16465 Ppuli Fr.
poplar leaf pimpled
0 wi. spr. Test dead poplar leaves
Division III.
2431. DOTHIDE''A. Fr.
DothideA.
16466 typhina Fr.

Bull-rush
Sphaeria spiculifera Sower. 270
16467 UI'mi Fr.
16468 Robertina Fr.
Elm
16469 al"nea Pers.
alder
shining
Cryptosphaeria nitida Grev.
Grev. crypt. 189
Sp. 1-2.
stains
Grev. crypt. 112

Sow. t. 138 cirrhata
Grev. crypt. 20
Sow. t.372 f 1. salicina
Sower. t. 374. f. 2
Phacidiacei.
Sp. 7-54.
encrusting 0 sum.
Sphaeria. Sowerby
live stems of grass Grev. crypt. 204
spots
0 su.aut. Blsh
punctiform 0 su.aut. Bl
elm leaves
Grev. crypt. 200
live Geran. Roberti. Grev. crypt. 146
punctiform 0 aut.
an. lvs.
live alder leaves
Bl
Grev. crypt. 146
Xyloma alneum Pers.

16470 rubra Fr.
16471 fulva Fr.
16472 betulina Fries
red
tawny
Birch-leaf
patches
0 aut.
R
patches
0 aut.
Br
punctiform 0 su.aut. Blsh
leaves
leaves
Grev. crypt. 120
birch leaves
Grev. crypt. 200
2432, RHYTIS'MA. Fries. Rhytis MA.

Sp. 1-22.
16473 corrugatum Fr.
wrinkled
gregarious 0 all sea.
crusts of lichens
2433. PHACIDIUM. Fries. Phaciditry.
Sp. 2-20.
16474 corontum Grev.
crowned
black spot 0 all sea. #
dead oak leaves
16475 denttum Schm.
toothed
white spot 0 all sea. Bl
oak leaves
2434. HYSTERIUM. Tode.
16476 lineare Fries
16477 maculre Fries
HYsternuM.
linear
lines
pale spot
blotches
* 1645s
Eb.1464. L-graniformis
Grev. crypt, fl. t. 52
Sp. 12-52.
0 all sea. Bl
0 aut.
Bl
dead wood
dead leaves
Grev. crypt. 167

Grev. crypt. 129
:=>)16461
cult of determination....Most of them are highly curious objects when minutely examined, and some even
beautiful. Sphaeria militaris is a fine species, about an inch in height. the head being ovate, of a beautiful
scarlet, granulated like orange-peel.
2426. Lophium. So named from Aeros, a little elevation. Differs from Sphaeria in being completely evolved,
dehiscent, compressed, without a veil, and having a nucleus crumbling to powder. The plants are very similar
to the valves of a bivalved shell.
2497. Sphaeronaema.
From rexiga, a sphere, and valua, gelatine, in allusion to the round mucous bag in
which the sporules are enclosed. The species are minute innate plants, generally growing on wood, very per
manent, and often cohering by their base.
2428 Septaria. Growing upon dead leaves, in the form of clouds or spots. Named upon account of the
ta of the sporidia.
2429. Cutispora. From xuris, a little chest, and razes, a sporule. The species are very common, growing
upon plants, immersed, soft, bearing fruit during damp weather, and even by watering only, within doors. The
most, essential character consists not in the cirrhi, common to many fungi, but in the deformed cellular
Perithecia, by which it may be easily known in any state.
ORD. IX. Talar II.
1031
1644.7 Perithecia somew ov. rather wart, black cover with strigose hairs of same col. Orifice rather lengthened
a Perithecia numerous seated on a little strigose villous crustaceous stalk
*** spherules without an evident orifice.
16448 Gregarious obovate deep-black smooth tuberculated
16449 Spher minute solitary or somew cluster black ovate setoso-rugose mouthless, Spor. ovate in cylindr. tubes
16450 Minute black scattered globose very rugose and tuberculated parasitic on the pileus of Polyporus abietinus
16451 Scatter Perith. ellipt. rounded depress plaited lengthwise opaque black, Orifice hidden somew, compress.
16432 Spher. black min very numer crowded roundish somew, tuberculated and often with a transverse furrow
16433 Emerging prominent irregular brownish-black rufous brown internally, Orinces concealed
16454 Tufted innate on the surface, Perthecia sul globose solid without orifice at first villous afterwards naked
16455 Naked more or less crowd ovate-glob black shining, Perith very small smooth at first without an orifice
16456 Minute black scattered globose very warty, Parasitic on the cap of Polyporus abietinus
16407 Perithecia subglobose ovate tuberculate black covered with scattered hairs of the same color
16458 Stipit compress black transverse striat dilat gradual. from stipes into an elongat wedge-shap. peritheci.
16459 Somewhat stalked dilated upwards striated across shining
Division II. Cytisporei.

16460 Perithecia conico-subulate acute yellowish somewhat pellucid, Globule very pale
16461 Spherules aggregated, Sporidia 3 or 4 times divided, Cirrhi often becoming effused
16462 Cells impressed on the receptacle, Disk emerging blackish, Cirrhi yellow
[with a cottony margin
16463 Sporulifer tendr, white simp. Spher waved: when divid horizontal manifest under epider. Orifice black.
16464 One or many-celled convex brownish-black somewhat umbonate in the centre
16466 Generally many-celled roundish flat brownish-testaceous, Orifices obsolete
Division III.
Phacidiacel
16466 Long, surrounding the culms whitish becoming dark-yellow at length rendered granular by the orifices
16467 Epiphyll round conflu. convex cinereous-black: internally black with white cells, Orifices like granulat.
16468 Epiphyllous subgregarious hemispherical smooth shining very black white within
16469 On both sides of the leaf regularly scattered roundish black shining collapsed rugose and plaited
16470 Plane orange-red, Sporules unequal globose
16471 Plane pale fulvous
16472 Epiphyllous somewhat angular and irregular in form subconfluent tuberculose blackshining black within
the cellules white
16473 Minute innate on the surface rugose plaited opening with many flexuose cracks
*
16474 Orbicul, subhemispher depressed black dehiscent in numer acute segm. Disk pale greenish or yellowish
16475 Four-sided small black or whitish spots on the leaf splitting in 4-5 acute segments, Disk dingy
16476 subimmersed crowded parallel linear black, Lips of the orifice tumid smooth, Disk linear
16477 Collected on pale defined spots roundish elliptical black; the margin depressed and paler
1646.,
10-11.
16470
16476
2430. Phoma. Said by its author to be named in allusion to the pustular appearance of the plants, which
24si. dothidea. A genus which has been named from 323ior, a tubercle, and u?os, similar, and to be
very distinct. The species are numerous, growing upon plants; many of them are innate and dark, a few
are of a brownish color, and grow within the substance of leaves.

colored.
2432. Rhytisma. From Avris, a wrinkle. R. corrugatum, the Lichen graniformis of English botany, is a
egarious, subcorneous, shining flattish plant, referred to Lichens by Acharius, but considered by Fries and
'
to belong to Fungi. It is common upon the crusts of Lichens and upon dry wood.
24s. Phacidium. A name with the same meaning as Dothidea; from paxus, and u?er.
Intermediate
between Rhytisma and Hysterium, but differing from both in the manner of dehiscence. The species are
somewhat innate, epiphytous, tolerably permanent, blackish, and with a kernel which becomes softish.
2434. Hysterium. From us tenois, #": in allusion, perhaps, to the diseased and squalid appearance which
-
trees attacked by this fungus assume.

inute plants, resembling Opegrapha, and like that genus, found
xcupying the bark of trees; but destitute of a crust.
3 U 4
- - -
CRYPTogAM1A.
1032
16478 Rabi Pers.

Bramble-stem lines
16479 foliicolum Fries
various
dot-like
16480 melaleticum Fries blk. & white dots
16481 pulicre Pers.
flea-like
very grega.
16482 Frxini Pers.
Ash
corneus
16483 quercinum Pers. Oak

16484 angusttum Pers. tapered
16485 Pinstri Pers.
gregarious
minute
scattered
spots
Pinaster
16486 Juniperi Grev.

Juniper
16487 gramineum Pers. Grass
gregarious
d aut.
0 spring
0 aug.
0 all sea.
0 all sea.
0 all sea.
0 all sea.
0 all sea.
0 all sea.
0 all sea.
CLAss XXIV.
bramble branches
common ivy leaf
Vacc. Vitis idaea
rugged oak bark
dead ash branches
Bl
Bl
Bl
Bl
Bl
Gr. Br dead oak branches
Dl.B dead wood & stumps

dead Scotch firlvs. Grev. crypt, fl. t. 60
dead juniper leaves Grev. crypt. f. t. 26
dead grass leaves Grev. crypt. f. t.87
Bl
Bl
Bl
Division IV. Xylomacei.

2435. ACTINOTHYRIUM. Kunz. Actixothy RIUM.
Sp. 1
16488 grminis Kunz.
grass
gregarious 0 spring Bi
culms of grasses
2436. LEPTOSTRO'MA. Fr.
16489 scirpinum Fr.

2437. XYLOM.A. Pers.
16490 acerinum Pers.
16491 salicinum Pers.
16492 salignum Pers.

16493 populinum Pers.
16494 Gernii Greu.
16495 fagineum Pers.

16496 concvum Grev.
Rush
LeptostroMA.
spots
XYLoMA.
Maple
Willow
Sallow
Poplar
Geranium
Beech
concave
Sp. 1-9.
Scirpus lacustris
0 su.aut. Bl
2438. LASIOBO'TRYS. Kunze.
solid spots
yell. spots
small spots
crowded
very min.
0
0
0
0
0
all sea.
all sea.
all sea.
all sea.
all sea.
Bl
Br
Brsh
Dl. Bl
Bl
scatt. spots 0 all sea. Bl
LasioBotays.
Woodbine
Grev. crypt. 218

Fries obs. t. 1.f. 6
Sp. 8-14.
broad spots 0 all sea. Bl
living sycamore leaves
16497 pezizoideum Pers. Peziza-like punctiform 0 all sea. Bl
16498 Lonicrae Kunze
Grev. crypt. 24
Grev. crypt. 129
Grev. crypt. 88
Grev. crypt. 167
Grev. crypt. 72
living Sal.capraea lvs. Grev. crypt. 118

decaying Sal.capraealvs. Grev. crypt. 118
aspen leaves
living Geran.sylv.lvs.
dead beech leaves
dead holly leaves
Sow. t.317. Sphaeria
dead oak leaves
So... t. 118. Pez. comitialis
Sp. 1-?.
spots
0 sum.
honeysuckle leaves Grev. crypt. 191
Bl
2439. ASTERO'MA. Dec. AsteroMA.

Sp. 2-2.
16499 UI'mi Grev.
Elm
pale spots 0 all sea. Bl
living elm leaves
16500 Alchemilla Grev. Lady's Mantle pale spots 0 all sea. Bl
living Alchemillalvs.
Class Il I.
TRichospermi. - Division I.
Lycoperdinei.
2440. ONYGE/NA. Pers. ONYoeNA.

16501 equina Pers.
horse-hoof minute
# aut.
2441. TULO'STOMA. Pers. TulostomA.

16502 brumle Pers.
winter
subsolitary
Sp. 1-3.
1 au.oct. W. Br pastures
Sp. 1.
%h
decaying hoofs, and Willd. fl. berol. f. 20

similar substances
2442. SCLERODER"MA. Pers. ScleropenMA.

handsome 5 aut.
16503 verrucsum Grev. warty
16504 cpa Grew.
solid
surf variab.2 aut.
Tuber solidum With.
16505 citrinum Pers.
Lemon-color. tessellated 2 aut.
16506 spadiceum Pers.
brown
tessellated 1 sum.
16488
Sp. 4-14.
Y. Br plantations
Y.Br plantations
Pa.Y about oak roots

Pa. Br beech trunks
Bolton, t. 116
Schaeffer, t. 188
164912,
16400
2*
16497
SN ww.

2435. So called from *xrv, a ray, and Sweea, to enclose, in allusion to the radiated
integument of the sporidia. The only known species is innate, growing upon plants, orbicular, almost black,
and appearing in the early part of the year.
2436. Leptostroma. From Afrvor, thin or delicate and seawa, a layer, in allusion to the disk, which, when
the perithecium s rates, becomes naked and very thin.
2437. Xyloma. rom v'.", wood, and Aouz, a margin. The species are innate coated tubercles, of a hard
vesicular substance, but which does not produce fructification. One of the most common kinds, X. accrinum,
has a ragged border.
2438. From *gies, wool, and 82tews, a bunch. This plant originates beneath the epidermis of
When mature, it is of a very black color, and regular circular
form, from one to two lines in breadth, very slightly convex, the surface uniformly granulated, and the
whole generally situated on a paler or colorless portion of the leaf. On the bursting or laceration of the
epidermis of the leaf, which takes place in the centre, our plant is found to consist of a multitude of
distinct perithecia of a roundish form, closely arranged side by side, destitute of orifice, and the summits of
which produce a granulated appearance to the naked eye or a small magnifier. These perithecia are fixed
to the leaf by a number of short filaments radiating from their base, and are not to be detached without some
the leaf, during its green and living state.
ORD. IX. Taike II.

16478
16479
16480
16481
FUNGI GASTEROMY CETES.
1033
EIliptor oblatten, each end black somew.chin. obscure striat. Sum of sporulifer cells obtuse club-shap.
Innate scattered elliptical obtuse rather tumid smooth naked black with a longitudinal depression
Minute black irregularly gregarious oval or roundish convex, Sporuliferous tubes club-shaped
Gregarious black oblong or
obtuse somewhat striate
16482 Convex tumid
very black disposed in a subconcentric manner, Sporules large obl. yellow
16483 Bursting through the bark oblong elliptical flexuose somewhat ventricose greyish-brown
16484 Gregarious linear narrow parallel smooth of dull black
16485 Minute oval elliptical very black disposed in a subconcentric manner, Sporules large oblong yellow
16486 Very min. oval shin. somew, plane growing longitudinally on leaf, Sporulifer tubes clavate acum at apex
16487 Very minute linear elliptical black mostly on the ribs of the leaf or culm
Division IV. Xylomacei

16488 Scattered or gregarious orbicular 1 to a line broad, very dark a little ribbed and elevated in the centre
16489 Orbicular opaque bossed in the centre at length entirely separating, Disk whitish
ading in large irregular spots which are either uniform or composed of somewhat distinct
dots dehiscence irregular and rugose
16491 Large irregular verythick black white within
16492 Gregarious sometimes crowded roundish slightly convex brown at length blackish
16493 Gregarious rarely scattered over the whole surface flattish irregular smooth dull-brown
16494 Scattered black unequal in size plane: the surface rugose and somewhat papillose in the centre
16495 Minute crowded often in circular groups round black shining plane rugose
16496 Minute roundish regularly scattered black shining smooth: the upper half separating
16497 Clustered orbicular black becoming open, Margin erect somewhat crenate, pale
16400 Black
16498 Perithecia even much crowded black: the radiating fibres simple
16499 Filam. black radiat. subdichotom. at length covered with confluent rugoso-plicate shining black tubercles
16500 Filam. very min. extremely fine branch. at length subdist black, Tubercles producing a pale spot on leaf
Class III. TaichospenMl.-Division I.
Lycoperdinei.
16501 Stipes short somewhat fibrous, Peridium scabrous always closed, Sporules ovate
16502 Stipes smoothish, Peridium globose, Orifice flat

16503 Large gregarious subglobose yellowish-brown, Scales small numerous, Stipes subelongated incrassated
below lacunose and variously divided at the root
16504 Globose subdepressed very firm smooth or warty sess or with a very short thick stipes, Root scarcely any
16505 Middle-sized roundish long-rooted pale lemon-color obsoletely scaly, Scales thickish
1660.6 Gregarious smaller somewhat spotted smooth brown, Root hard fibrous
16478 -
2^
<>
16486
16501
force. Their surface is smooth black. Within they are replete with a somewhat gelatinous granulose mass,
containing subglobose sporidia. The above is a description of the usual appearance of this plant.
A variety, however, occurs in the form of a ring or annulus, the centre being unoccupied. Sometimes the
perithecia are scattered in irregular groups, a few together, and may even occur solitary.
2439. Asteroma So named by Decandolle; but we know not with what meaning. Many of the substances
referred to this genus are believed to be merely young states of various kinds of Dothidea; some are the black
lines by which certain Pyrenomycetes are bounded; others are merely darkened veins of leaves. To this the
whole of Actinonema of Persoon, and several of his Capillarias are to be referred.
2440. Onygena. So called from ovva, a hoof, and urowa, to be born, in allusion to the singular circumstance
of the original and only species being always found on old horse-hoofs in shady woody places.
2441. Tulostoma. From ruxor, a wart, and a rewa, the mouth, in reference to the nature of the orifice by
which the seeds of this plant are dispersed. T. brumale is found on the mossy tops of walls about London in
the winter and spring. It may easily be overlooked for some unexpanded Agaric.
2442. Scleroderma. So called from **xxter, hard and 21:42, skin, in allusion to the hardness of the coat of
the species. S. spadiceum is found on heaths in England, but is very rare; it is about the size of a chesnut,
rather depressed at the top.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
1034
2443. LYCOPER/DON. Mich. Pupp-hall.

large
turbinate
16508 pratnse Pers.
meadow
# subterra.
16509 excipulifrme Pers.
chan.to br.
16510 pyriforme Pers,
pear-shaped tufted
Sp. 4-11.
3 aut.
Wsh pastures
2 su.aut. W
pastures
2 aut.
W
pastures
1* su. aut. Pa. Brabout tree stumps
2444. BOVISTA. Pers. Bovist.A.
Sp. 2-4.
16511 nigrscens Pers.
blackish
becom blk. 2 su.aut. W
pastures
16512 giganta Grev.
gigantic
cracking 12 su.aut. Y.W. pastures
2445. GEASTRUM. Mich. GeAstruM.
Sp 45.
16513 colifrme Pers.
urse-shap. subsolitary 2 aut.
Brsh pastures
16514 Woodwrdi Pers. Woodward's subsolitary 1 aut.
D. Br dry banks
16515 quadrfidum Pers quadrifid
subsolitary 2 aut.
Wsh pine woods
16516 stelltum Bolt.
stellated
subsolitary
sp. aut. Br
moors
Dycoperaon recolligens Woodw.
16507 bovista Pers.
2446. CRATERIUM. Trent.
Division II.
CRAterium.
16517 leucocphalum Trent white-head pretty

16518 vulgre Dittm.
Common
pretty
Cyathus miniatus Sowerby
2447. STEMONITIS. Pers. Steytonitis.
16519 fasciculta Pers,
fascicled
dense
CLAss XXIV,
Sower. t.332. Proteus
Bulliard, t. 450 f 2
Bulliard, t. 435. f.3
Sower. t. S31
Bulliard, t.447
Dic.cr.t.3.f4. Lycoperd.
Bry.hist.f. 19. Lycoprrd.
Sch.t.183. Lifornication
Bolt. t. 179. Lycoperaos
Trichocisti.
Sp. 26.
* aut.
aut.
mosses, &c.
mosses, &c.
Sp. 2?.
# su. aut. Bl, Br rotten wood
Grev. crypt. t. 65
Sower. t. 239
Greville crypt. 170
Trichia nda Sow.
16520 papillta Pers.

pimpled
scattered
2448. CRIBRARIA. Schrad. CRIBRARIA.
aut.
D. Br rotten wood
Sp. 1-?.
16521 micropus Schrad. small stalk pinheaded t aut.
Br
pine trunks
2449. DICTY/DIUM. Schrad. DicrydiuM.

Sp. 1-?.
16522 crnuum Nees
Cernuous
pinheaded t all sea. Bl
rotten wood
2450 ARSCYRIA. Pers. ARscynia
Sp. 2?.
16523 punicea Pers.
crimson
gregar.
* su. aut. Crim. rotten wood
Trichia denudta Sowerb 29
16524 ntans Grev.
nodding
weak
# su.aut. Pa.Y rotten wood
2451. LEANGIUM. Link. LeANGiuM.
Sp. 22.
16525 florifrme Link.
flower-like scattered T1 aut.
Y
decaying trunks
16526 Trevelyni Grev.
Trevelyan's scattered ri aut.
2452. TRI/CHIA. Pers. Trichi A.

16527 reticulta Pers.
netted
16528 ovta Pers.
ovate
16329 fallx Pers.
deceitful
pulpy
crowded
variable
2454. PHY'SARUM. Pers. PHYsARuM.

16531 sulctum Link.
furrowed
weak
16532 n(itans Pers.
nodding
weak
16533 nigripes Link.
black stem. firm
16534 viride Pers.
green
rather
16535 lencopus Link.
'.
0 aut.
0 aut.
0 aut.
Sphaerocrpus frgilis Sowerb.

2453. D1 DER/MA. Pers. DiDERMA.
16530 globsum Pers.
globose
clustered 0 aut.
16536 aureum Pers.
Pa. Br leaves of mosses

Sm. 3?.
rotten wood
Y
rotten wood
Rsh
rotten wood
Sp. 1-?.
Cin. dead beech leaves
Nees syst. t. 10 f 118

Schrad. gen. t. 2.f. 1-2
Greville crypt. 153
Greville crypt. 130
Sower. t. 260. Trichia
Bulliard, t. 371
Grev. crypt. 132

Nees syst t. 10. f. 111
Sower t. 85 turbinata
Sower. t. 279
Grev. crypt. 122
Sp. 6-?.
# sp. aut.
+ aut.
+ aut.
weak | aut.
white stem. very stiff
aut.
golden well. gregar.
** sp. aut.
Gr
Gr
D. Gr
Y.G
Gl.
Y
rotten wood
rotten wood
rotten wood
rotten wood
dead beech wood
decaying trunks
Bull. t. 407. f. 3
Sturm's Deuts, fun.t.42
Bull. t. 48l. f. 1
Grev. crypt.
16516.
2443. Lycoperdon. So called by Tournefort, from Auxer, a wolf, and righa, to explode backwards, that author
certainly improved upon the foolish old name, Crepitus lupi, by making it less generally intelligible,
(Smith.) These are roundish tuber-like plants, when ripe, exploding and emitting the sporules in the form of
smoke, whence country people call the species puff-balls.
2444. Bovista. A name of barbarous origin, having been formed by Dillenius, from the German Brist
Bovista furfuracea, an Italian species, is said by Micheli, to be common on heaths near Florence, where it is
sold with others of its tribe, as an article of food
Bovista gigantea is the largest of the genus, and, indeed, of
the whole order, measuring not unfrequently nearly 2 feet in diameter. Bulliard mentions having seen many
of eighteen, twenty, and twenty-three inches in diameter, and on the authority of others, affirms them to
attain the enormous bulk of nearly nine feet in circumference. The flesh is at first white, afterwards of a
greenish-yellow, lastly of a brown-grey. The outer peridium cracks and peels offin large flakes on being handled.
2445 Geastrum So called from , the earth, and *s-ne, a star, in allusion to the stellate appearance of the
: when burst and lying on the ground. A genus formed by Micheli upon the Puff-balls with a stellated
voiva.
2446. Craterium. So named from *earne, a cup, in allusion to the form of the peridium, which in C. vulgare
is formed like a small goblet. This is a minute subsolitary plant, with the habit of Calicium.
ORD. IX. Taise II.
1085
16507 Large obconical soft whitish plicate beneath, Scales broad often indistinct
16508 White soft hemispherical subsessile somewhat smooth, Warts scattered
16:09 Large white variable, Peridium subglob. cover with spinul warts, Stipes somew, smooth long and plicate
16510 Caespit pyrif umbon pale-brown, Scales in form of min, slender spin. Process. Root consist of long fibres
16511 Large white becoming blackish-brown plicate beneath
16512 Almost sessile very large globular yellowish-white, with scattered nearly obsolete scales
16513 Volva multifid, Peduncles and oscula of the peridium numerous
16514 Smaller, Head flat above, Orifice acuminate with longer culiae
16515 Peridium globose stalked, Orifice hoary, Radhi somewhat quadrifid arched
16516 Volva multifid spreading, Lacuniae equal, Head depressed spherical sessile, Orifice acuminate
Division II.
Trichocisti.
16:17 Cup-shap, redd-brown, Operculum convex whit: very thin evanescent, Filam, white, Sporules very dark
16518 Campanulate chesnut-color, Operculum firm white, Stipes orange, Sporules blackish
16519 Crowded cylindrical, Stipes black arising from a shining subjacent membrane, Peridia very fugacious
blackish-brown, Stipes continued to the summit of the peridium
16520 Dark-brown globose stipitate, Stipes penetrating through the summit of the peridium
16521 Gregarious roundish, Stipes short blackish
16522 Gregar. brownish-purple nodding umbilicated, Membrane of peridium deciduous, Flocci persistent robust
16523 Gregarious often caespitose stipitate dull crimson, Sporules abundant crimson-red
16524 Pale-yellow substipitate cylindrical long weak drooping
16725 Yellow globose stipitate, Peridium splitting into holes which are beautifully expanded and reflexed
16526 Sporangium sess. Peridium splitting into many regular reflexed segm. Colum. very min. Spor. Pedicellat
16527 Effused forming an irregular sort of reticulation yellowish or pale-brown
16528 Crowded obovate ochrey-yellow bursting at the summit
1552.9 Shortly stipitate reddish at length yellowish bursting at the apexplicate beneath
16530 Sessile subglobose smooth greyish-white: both of the peridia fragile, Sporules globular
16531 Head globose flattish beneath grey inclined, Stipes rather long pale weak sulcate, Sporules dark-brown
16532 Head glob, flatt ben, blueish-grey nodd. Stipes thin weak whit. not furrow. Spor, and filam. dark-brown
165.33 Head globose dark-grey, Stipes long firm black, Sporules and filaments very dark
16:34. Subglob. umbilicate ben, yellowish-green, Stipes slender rather weak brown. Sporules and filam, very dark
16535 Head globose depressed pale-glaucous, Stipes very short thick pale at length brownish
1636 Peridium subglobose fine yellow, Stipes slender rather long greyish-brown, Sporules globose
16521
16522
16023,
16525
".
-
16528
2447. Stemonitis. From swas, a stamen, in allusion to the form of some of the species, which may be
compared to the male organ of a flower, taking the stipes for the filament, and the head for the anthera.
2448. Cribraria. A genus formed by Schrader out of the Sphaerocarpi of Bulliard. It has for its essential
character, a peridium, the upper part of which has numerous apertures, whence the name, from cribro, to
perforate. All the species are found in autumn upon rotten wood.
2449. Dictydium. From Buxtvo, a net, and u?er, similar; the peridium appears like net-work fastened
together by minute delicate ribs. Very minute pinheaded plants, with the appearance of Calicium.
2430. Arscyria. From afxws, a net. The sporules are fastened together by a net-work of fibres. Beautiful
little minute fungi, found upon wood.
2451.
From Auer, smooth, and axxter, a vessel, in reference to the smoothness of the peridium.
Small wart-like plants, resembling a minute Lycoperdon.
2452. Trichia. From $4.5 reger, hair, in allusion to the internal mass of elastic fibres gradually expanding
after the head bursts.
country.
ese are pin-headed plants, growing upon old wood, and very rarely seen in this
2453. Diderma. From Bus, double, and Bugwa, a skin, on account of the double peridium.
2454. Physarum. So named, on account of the bladdery appearance of the peridium, from pvrm, a vesicle.
---
1036
CRYPTOGAMIA.
2455. LEOCARPUS. Link. Leocarpus.

16537 vernicsus Link.
warnished
enc
Lycoprdon fragile Sowerb.
CLAss XXIV.
Sp. 1-?.
##,
* aut.
stems of grasses
Division III. Fuliginoidei.

2456. LYCOGA"L.A. Mich. LYcoGALA.
Sp. 3-?.
16538 minita Pers.
vermilion
granular 0 sp. aut. R
rotten wood
16539 argntea Pers.
silvery
fragile
0 aut.
Wsh rotten wood
Grev. crypt. 111
Grev. crypt. t. 106
Reticulria Lycoprdon Sowerb.

16540 minuta Grew.
minute
2457. SPUMARIA. Pers.

16541 alba Grev.
gregario.
SpuMARIA.
frothy
white
0 aut.
Division IV.
2458. DICHOSPORIUM. Nces.
16542 aggregatum Nees clustered

Spumria physaroides Pers.
2459. LI/CEA. Schrad.
Sp. 1.
Bl
bark of trees
Nees syst f 99
Sp. 2-2.
like ovules 0 aut.
16544 fragifrmis Nees strawberry-like pulpy
0 aut.
Class IV.
2460. MU/COR. Pers.
Grev. crypt. fl. t. 40
Liceoidei.
DichospoRiuM.
spots
0 aut.
LiceA.
16543 circumscis'sa Pers. pared
decayed leaves
Sp. 1-?.
Br
rott.wood, grass,&c. Sow. t. 280. Reticularia
1 aut.
Ysh
between bark & wood
Dl.R
rotten wood
Muconoidei.
Sp. 1-?.
W
dung
Hydrphora stercrea Tode.
2461. THAMNI/DIUM. Link. ThaMNiduuM.
Sp. 1-?.
16546 &legans Link.
elegant
whorled T. aut.
Pale putrid substances Nees syst. 75
2462 ASCO'PHORA. Tode. AscophonA.
Sp. 1-?.
16547 mucdo Link.
mouldy
very slend.
all sea. W
putrid substances Sow. t.378.f5,6,7. Mucor
16545 stercrea Grev.
Mucon.
Common
watery
2 wint.
Class V.
2463. EUROTIUM. Link.
16548 herbarirum Link. herbarium

16549 Rosrum Grev.
rose
2464. AMPHISPO'RIUM. Link.
16550 versicolor Link.
PenispoRIA.
Sp. 2-?
punctiform 0 all sea. Y
dried plants
patches
0 sum. W
rose bushes
EUROtium.
AMPhispoRiuM.
changeable spots
Grev. crypt. 164

Grev. crypt. 164
Sp. 1.
0 wint.
hyacinths in glasses Nees syst. 100
HYPHOMYCET"f S.
Class I.
2465. CERATIUM. Albertini.
16551 hydnides Alb.
CephalotRichi.
CERATIUM.
Hydnum-like fugacious r aut.
Sp. 1-?.
W
dead wood
Berl. mag. v. 3. t. 1.f33
History, Use, Propagation, Cutture,
2455. Leocarpus. A word with the same meaning as Leangium; which see L. vernicosus appears as if
in clusters upon bits of rotten wood, and are each formed of
: :*
stalked peridium, bursting at the end, and letting fall out a nucleus of sporules held together by
res.
varnished over with vermilion. The plants
2456. Lycogala. From Auxor, a wolf, and yaxa, milk, a genus of fungi whose internal appearance and sub
stance in an early state are like a mass of thick cream. It is included under Mucor by Linnaeus, Schreber, and
others.
L. argenteum is found upon rotten wood in the autumn.
It is about an inch or more in diameter,
brown and pulpy when young, of a brilliant white when arrived at maturity, discharging, by one or more
irregular accidental openings, a mass of rich dark snuff-colored powder.
2457. Spumaria. From spuma, froth. S. mucilago is spread in the autumn over the leaves and stems of
living plants, or over dead branches, when it resembles in some measure stiffened foam or froth.
458. Dichosporium. From 31%a, double, and graa, a seed; in allusion, we presume, to the double coat of
the peridium, the innermost of which is formed of granules like sporules. The only species known is found
upon the bark of the oak.
* Licea. The meaning of this word is unexplained. The species have been referred to Trichia, Didy
Oap. IX. Taiss II.
FUNG1 GASTEROMYCETES.
1037
16537 Shortly stipitate obovate reddish-brown shining crowded, stipes whitish
Division III.
Fuliginoides.
16538 Globular gregarious red changing to brown, Sporules orange-red at length purple-grey
16339 Large suboval very fragile silvery-white, Sporules profuse deep-brown, Filaments few
16540 Minute white roundish depressed rarely confluent fragile, Sporules black intermixed with a few filaments
16541 Effused frothy, Peridium furnished internally with horn-like grey processes inclosing brown sporules
Division IV.
Liceoidei.
16543 Gregarious sessile, yellowish or chesnut-brown subglobose: the upper half of the peridium separating
like a lid,
: rarely mixed with one or two filaments
16544 Peridia cylindrical very fragile densely crowded forming a roundish or hemispherical mass dull-red
changing to pale-brown, Sporules brown in the form of minute abundant dust
Class IV.
Muconoidei.
16545 Byssus-like white becoming yellowish, Stipes erector lax simple bearing a minute subglobose head
16546 Filaments branched whorled, Peridium elevated
16547 Stipes simple, Heads inflated spherical dark-grey bursting close to the stipes which is long and filiform
Class V.
PERispomia.
16548 Gregarious punctiform yellow, Filaments whitish branched
16549 Tufted, Peridia gregar. greenish covered by the filam, which are elongat, simple profuse somew, erect in
[centre
16550 Changes from yellow to grey
ni YPhOMYCETES.
Class I.
Cephalormicini.
16552 Growing in small tufts, Filaments subconfluent simple or branched and fasciculated
16545
16547
16546
16548
16551
mium, &c. by various writers. They are minute productions scarcely bigger than pins' heads, found chiefly on
rotten wood of the fir kind.
2460. Mucor. An alteration of warr, the name of a small fungus. To this genus are referable the greater
part of the substances which form the mould upon cheese and other materials.
2461. Thamnidium. From 9awyer, a rod or twig, in allusion to the appearance of the plants under the
microscope. Minute plants, with a bushy branched stipes, and a head like that of Mucor.
2462. A
ora. From arxes, a term used by mycologists to denote a peculiar kind of receptacle of sporules,
and clea, to bear. These are pin-headed fungi, with the habit of Mucor, from which they chiefly differ in
their peridium being turned inside out after bursting, and being somewhat persistent.
2463, Eurotium. Evgar was the Greek name of a sort of mouldiness, and has been with a sufficient reason
lied to this genus of plants.
464. Amphisporium. From *.double, and refs, a sporule. These organs are of two forms, either
roundish with three dots in the middle, or ovate acuminate, and quite pellucid.
2465. Ceratium. So named from **as, a horn, on account of the cornute appearance of the plants under
a microscope.
1038
2466. ISARIA. Pers.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
Isaria.
CLAss XXIV.
Sp. 1-?.
16552 microscpica Grew, microscopic very min. 0 spring W

Class II.
2467. STILBUM. Tode. StilbuM.

16553 vulgre Tode.
Colnmon
Trichia clavata
Grev. crypt, fl. t.3
Stilbondel.
very min. 0 aut.
Sp. 1-?.
Wsh decayed stems
INoMYcETEs. - Division I. Byssaces

2468. TO'RULA. Link. Torula.
Sp. 1-?.
16554 herbrum Link
herbaceous fragile
0 aut.
Bl
dead stems
2469. MONILIA. Pers. Monilia.
Sp. 1-?
16555 aurea Pers.
golden yell. stalked
ti all sea. Y
rotten wood
2470 RACODIUM. Pers. RAcodiuM.
Sp. 1-2.
16556 cellre Pers.
wine-cellar shaggy
3 all sea. Sooty cellars
Tode fun. mecklt.2.fl6
Class III.
Sower. t. 432
Fibrillria vindria Sowerb.
2471. DEMATIUM. Pers. DeMatiuM.

Sp. 1-?.
16557 articultum Pers. articulated minute
0 aut.
Blsh stems of herbs
2472. CLADOSPORIUM. Link. CladosporiuM.
Sp.2-?.
16558 herbrum Link
herbaceous very min. 0 su. aut. Ol.G dead stems
16559 velutinum Grev.
velvety
patches
0 spring G.Bl rotten wood
2473. HELICOSPO'RIUM. Nees. HELIcosporium. . Sp. 1.
16560 vegtum Nees
quickening cloud-like 0 oct.
Gr
foot of trees
2474. OZONIUM. Lk.
OzoNIUM.
Sp. 1-?.
16561 auricomum Link yell.-headed byssoid
3 aut. Or
rotting wood
2475. RHIZOMOR'PHA. Roth. Rhizomorpha.
Sp. 5-?.
16562 subcorticlis Pers. subcortical net-like 72 all sea. Br
beneath bark
16563 divrgens Grev.
diverging
creeping 24 aut.
Rsh
beneath bark
16564 farincea Grev.
mealy
much branc. 36 all sea. W
decayed trunks
16565 subterrnea Pers.
16566 medullris Sm.
subterrane.
filament.
24 all sea. Bl
medullary much branc. 144 all sea. W

Division II.
2476. SEPEDONIUM. Link. SepedoNit!M.

16567 mycphilum Link yellow
cloudy
2477. ACREMO'N1UM. Link.
16568 fscum Schmidt
brown
2478. SPORO'TRICHUM Link.
Acre MoniuM.
patches
mines
cellars
Sp. 1-?.
Or
dying fungi
Sp. 1-2.
0 aut.
Ol.G dead sticks
0 spr.su. Hoa, apple leaves

0
0
0
0
0
16571 sulphreum Grev, sulph.-color. tufts

16572 aurantiacum Grew orange-col tufts
16573 stercorrium Link dung
tufts
16574 tenuis'simum Grev. thin
thin coat
Sow. 392 f 1&2 patens

Grev. crypt. 154
Grev. crypt. 198

Schm. mycol. 1. t. 2.f.33
Sp. 6-?.
16569 macrosprum Grew large grained blotches

tufts
Nees syst. 66
Linn trans.12, t. 20
16570 mintum Gret.
minute
Mucedines.
0 aut.
SporotRichuM.
Pers. disp. t. 4. f. 2
aut. w.
all sea.
all sea.
all sea.
aut.
W
Y
Or
Or
W
dung
casks in cellars
damp cellars
damp cellars
dead bark
16555
2466. Isaria. From tree, equal, on account, perhaps, of the equality which exists among the filaments of the
plants both in size and length.
2467. Stilbum. From six82, shining. The species are all found upon old rotten wood, and are at first
watery or gelatinous, but becomeopake and turbid as they ripen.
2468. Torula. A diminutive of thorus or torus, a bed. plant forms a thick compact bed or layer upon
the plants on which it grows.
2469 Monitia. From monite, a necklace, with reference to the peculiar manner in which the filaments are
articulated.
2470. Racodium. Paxia, was the name among the Greeks for a worthless worn-out ragged garment; and
has been applied to the present genus, in allusion to the dirty interwoven cloth-like substance with which it
clothes whatever it grows '' R cellare is the black substance which overruns the bottles of the wine
merchant, and which often angs in long thick festoons from the sides and roof of his cellars.
*:: :* A diminutive of Bia, a bundle or parcel. The filamentous thallus is often collected
Munciles.
Cladosporium. From **a*, a branch, because the sporules are attached to the branches of the
2473. Helicosporium. From helix, a spiral, in allusion to the manner in which the sporules are curved
-a:
ORD. IX. TRIBE III.
--"
FUNGi fi YPHOMYCETES.
103?
16552 Extremely minute scattered simple club-shaped very white, Filaments and sporidia indistinct
Class II.
Stilnoidel
16553 Head roundish whitish semifluid becoming firmer and yellowish, Stipes rather thick cylindrical
Class III.
INoMyceres - Division I. Byssacel.
1b554 Filaments densely crowded so as to form a black crust

16555 Tufted gold color
16556 Very soft lax much interwoven of a greenish black color, Filaments intermixed with irregular granules
16557 Minute blackish fascicled, Bristles diverging sometimes jointed

16558 Tufted extremely minute of an olive-green color becoming blackish and rigid in old age
16559 Very minute spreading on old wood in wide velvety patches greenish-black, Filaments simple or branched
jointed somewhat thickened upwards
16561 Very irregular rigid diverging: when young from a common centre; afterwards straggling, Filaments
tawny orange-color compressed of various sizes
16562 Compressed brown or black shining anastomising often broad and very extensive
atent
16563 Stem pale redd cylind subflex. never anastomis. Branches spread. in all directions free, bructific. :
16764 Stems covered with a mealy substance
162.5 Long branched roundish somewhat separate black
16666 Round much branched snow-white, cellular and yellow inside
W.'
Division II.
Mucedines.
16567 Spreading widely within putrefying Agarici and Boleti, Filam white, Spor profuse bright orange-yellow
16568 Filaments spreading branched olive-brown, Pedicels of the sporules numerous alternate
16569 Forming a pulverulent hoariness interspersed with very minute tufts, Filaments few branched straggling,
Sporules large obtusely oval
1570 Tufts roundish minute very white, Filaments loosely entangled, Sporules very numerous oval
16571 Tufts yellow irregular roundish, Filaments lax entangled, Sporules numerous subglobose
1672 Tufts of a reddish orange-color, Filaments very slender much entangled, Sporules glob extremely minute
16573 Differs from the last, chiefly in its paler color
16574 Very white forming a web, Filain densey interwoven very fine, Sporules globular scattered very minute
16503
~~~~ 16067
%."
2474. Oxonium. We presume, from exos, a branch, in allusion to the manner in which the filaments branch
or diverge from a common centre. This genus has been extracted from Dematium by Link.
2475, Rhizomorpha. So called from its resemblance to the branching fibrous roots of various plants. All
the productions referred to this genus are very obscure and uncertain. R. phosphorea, the Clavaria phosphorea
of Sowerby, is a plant sometimes existing as a parasite between the wood and bark of trees, or in wine cellars
": saw-dust, and is, when fresh, remarkably luminous in the dark.
#476 Sepedonium. From rurabao, putrescence. The species grow among the decaying parts of fungi, and
other putrid substances.
2477. Aeremonium. From axesuan, a branch; the thecae are produced about the filaments in fascicles, as
branches are about trees.
2478. Sporotrichum. From resea, and 36:3, hair, in allusion to the filamentous nature of the sporules. A
very destructive parasite in some seasons, and probably of general distribution, for it has been detected on a
variety of plants.
To gardeners it is well known as a kind of mildew or blight, and is commonly taken
or an insect. The leaves of the peach-trees, even when protected by glass, are often attacked by it, nor does
the fruit itself always escape, in which case it frequently drops off. The leaves are more or less distorted by
it. As its production is probably the result of a peculiar state of the atmosphere, there is little chance of any
means being discovered for its prevention.
1040
CRYPTOGAMIA.
2479. TRICHOTHE/CIUM. Link. TaichotheciuM.

16575 rseum Link
rose-colored tufts
CLAss XXIV
Sp. 1-3.
0 aut. w. W
rotten wood
2480 ACROSPORIUM. Nees. AcRosportiuM.

Sp. 2-?.
16576 monilioides Nees Monilia-like spots
0 sp. aut. W
leaves of grasses
16577 fascicultum Grev. fascicled
patches
0 spring Gl.
rotten oranges
2481. BO'TRYTIS. Mich. Botrytis.
Sp.4-2.
16578 diffusa Alb.
diffuse
broad tufts + aut.
W
rotten herbac.stems Wern, trans. 4.t. 5. f. 7
16579 agaricina Link
Agaric
wool.coat 0 aut.
W
decaying fungi
16580 effusa Grev.
effused
spots
0 aut.
Pu. Grunderside of livelvs.
16581 parastica Pers.
parasitic
lax
0 spr.su. W
on shepherd's purse Sower. t.359
2482. ASPERGIL'LUS. Mich. Mouldiness.
Sp.4-?.
16582 gla(cus Link
blue
patches
0 all sea. B
rotten substances Berl, mag. 3. t. 1.f 23
16583 lneus Link.
white
patches
rh aut.
Wsh putrid fungi
16584 virens Link
green
broadspots T aut.
Gsh putrid fungi [barium
16585 penicilltus Grew, pencilled
spots
all sea. D.Gr damp specimens in Her- Grev.crypt.fi.t.32
2483. STACHYL1/DIUM. Link. StACHYliniuM.
Sp. 1-?.
16586 cndidum Grev,
white
spreading r aut.
W
dead wood
Wern, trans. 4. t. 5. f. 6
2484. PENICILLluM. Link. PenicilliuM.
Sp. 2-2.
16587 sprsum Grev.
scattered
broad lines r aut.
W
rotten herbac.stems Grev. crypt. fl. t. 58 fg
16588 glaicum Link
blue
tufts
r" all sea. Gl.
rotten substances Grev. crypt. fl. t. 58, fl.
-
2485. TRICHODER/MA. Pers. TaichodeRMA.

16589 viride Pers.
green
tufts
Sp. 1-?.
0 aut. w. W
Class IV.
2486, RUBI'GO. Link.

16590 alnea Pers.
Phylleaiaceae.
RUBIGO.
spots
alder
rotten wood
0 sum.
Sp. 1-?.
D. Br under alder leaves Nees syst. 63
Sp. 9-?.
2487. ERi"NEUM. Pers. ERINEUM.

16591 aireum Pers.
golden
velvety spots 0 sum.
16592 griseum Pers.
grey
velvety spots 0 spr.su. Dl. Pu under oak leaves
16593 acerinum Pers.
Sycomore depress.tufts 0 sp. aut. R.Br und. sycomore lvs. Edin.phil.jou.6t.2f1&6
16594 pyrinum Pers.
Pear
depress.tufts 0 aut.
Bt..Y 1vs. Populus nigra Edin.philjour fit.3 fl;
R. Br on crab-treelvs.
Ed.ph.jo.6 t.3.f.17.minu
16505 tortusum Kunze tortuous
depress tufts 0 spr.su. Wsh on birch leaves
16596 Juglndis Dec.
depress.tufts 0 sum.
Ed.ph.jo.6t.2.f4 subal.
Walnut
16597 clandestinum Kunz concealed depress.tufts 0 sum.

16598 rseum Kunze
rose-colored depress.tufts 0 sum.
16599 betulinum Rebent. Birch
Pale
under walnut Ivs.
W.Pk und hawthornlvs. Edin. phil...jour. 6.t.2.f.8

Crim. on birch 1vs.
Grev. crypt fl. t.21
depress.tufts 0 spr.su. Wsh on birch lvs.
Edin.philjour.6t.3f 16
CONIOMYCETES.
Class I.
2488, TUBERCULA'RIA. Tode.
16600 vulgris Pers.
Common
Clavria coccinea Sowerb.

16601 cnfluens Pers.
confluent
1660? granulta Pers.
rough
Tuberculant/E.
Sp. 3-2.
r all sea. Dp.R decayed sticks
Tuberculania.
gregario,
gregario. 0 aut. sp. F.R

scattered ti aut.
Br
16588
-\-
Sower.t. 294
dead sycomore branches

dead branches
Grev, crypt. 187
16578
2479. Trichothecium. The thecae are intermixed among a mass of hair-like filaments; whence thena".
2480 Acrosporium. From axter, the top of any thing, and area, a sporule; the latter occupying the
summit of the simple filaments.
2481. Botrytis. So called from gorgot, a bunch of grapes, in allusion to the clusters of little globular seeds or
2482.
This consisting
is the name
the brush
with which
the holy-waterisscattered
in Catholic
monies. Aspergiitus.
The little plant,
of of
a stem
and a cluster
of sporules
at the top, is not unlike
a little brus
seed vessels.
with its handle.
2.83 stachylidium. From ~x", a spike, and *, similar. The sporules are dispersed in a sort of *
manner on the filaments.
ORD. IX. TRIBE III.
FUNGI HYPHOMYCETES.
1041
16575 Tufted, Tufts distinct at length sometimes confluent, Filam. white, Sporules pink very numerous oval
16576 Filaments simple forming white spots of one or two lines in length on the living leaves of grasses
16577 Filam. branched somew, fasciculated erect in spreading tufts white at first at length a fine glauc. color
16578 Very lax tuft white branch. Branch few long spread set with short patent ramuli bear round clust of spor.
16579 Tufted confluent white, Filaments one line hug 1, Branches divaricate, Sporules numerous ovate large
16580 Pale purpl.-grey spread. Filam. branch towards summit, Branch divaric short, Spor, large oval numerous
16581. Somewhat tufted lax white not much branched, Sporules roundish
16582 Tuft- min formed of white erect filaments with little heads at first white but when mature of a glauc. color
16783. In dense tufts composed of whitish or yellowish suberect entangled filaments with yellowish heads
16584 Tufts rather dense, Filaments entangled subcrect heads as well as the filaments greenish
16585 Filaments scattered gregarious about a line high supporting an elongated tuft of beaded sporidia
16586 filaments branched erect remotely jointed scattered white, Sporules globular
16587 Barren filaments effused interwoven: fertile ones simple somewhat scattered, Heads of sporules white
188 Densely tufted spreading, Heads of sporules at length glaucous
16589 Tufted, Tufts roundish composed of snow-white interwoven filaments, Sporules profuse green at length
giving the whole a green-color
Class IV.
Phylleaiaceae.
16590 Irregularly tufted or effused and confluent whitish at length reddish-brown, Peridia shortly branched,
Branches thick bearing several round or ovate lobes
16591 on the surface of the leaf bright gold-color effused sometimes spreading over the whole leaf, Peridia
simple crowded club-shaped, Sporules evident excessively minute yellow
16592 Hypophyllous, so minute as scarcely to be raised above the surface of the leaf pale obscure purple widely
effused, Peridia simple obtuscly club-shaped
1650 On the under surface of the leaf depressed distinct or confluent pale becoming reddish-brown, Peridia
club-shaped very rarely turbinate flaccid, the upper half often inclined
16594 Mostly on the under surface of the leaf scattered subefused rich reddish-brown, Peridia compressed lin.
somewhat lax with the apex club-shaped and often truncate
16595 Mostly on the under surface irregularly tufted whitish becoming ferruginous, Peridia linear cylindrical
twisted with rounded summits
16596 Hypophyll silky or toment, pale or quadrangular, Peridia erect cylindric long and attenuated to a point
16597. On the under surface whitish-pink becoming subferruginous rarely in the form of spots or tufts but con
fluent at the margin of the leaf which is rolled inwards and conceals it, Peridia short
16598 Mostly on the upper surface unequally scattered confluent fine crimson, Peridia polymorphous turbinate
club-shaped or capitate, the summit frequently truncate
16599 Mostly on the under surface whitish at length '' ferruginous often confluent, Peridia short polymor
phous sometimes turbinate but generally with two blunt horn-like patent summits
CONIOMYCE TES.
Class I.
Tube acula Rie.
16600 Gregarious deep-red rugose furnished with a very short thick pale stipes
16601 Gregarious confluent
ressed flesh-red small somewhat plane
leone somewhat round somewhat shortly stipitate dull-red at length black, Surface tuberculate wrinkled
16007
Ct
16504
2484. Penicillium. A name with the same meaning as Aspergillus, to which genus this is extremely similar
in appearance.
Trichoderma. From 3: rever, hair, and *, a coat. The threads to which the sporules are
attached spread round, radiating through the powdery mass in little tufts from a subjacent membrane.
248. Rubigo. An ancient Latin name of blight. There was a, inferior deity whom the Romans acknow,
ledged under the name of Rubigus, and whom they propitiated in bad seasons. All the productions referred
nither are popularly called mildew or blight.
$487. Erin'am. So named in reference to its hispid appearance, which resembles the common hedge-hog,
Erinaceus. Found growing upon leaves in little tufts.
2488. Tubercularia. So named in allusion to its warted appearance.
3 X.
URYPTOGAM 1 A.
1042
CLAss XX I V.
2489 FUSARIUM. Link. Fu's ARiuM.

Sp. 1-?.
1603 tremelloides Grev. gelatinous very small 0 spring Pksh dead nettle stems Grev. cryp, fl. t. 10
2490. EXOSPO'RIUM. Link. ExosporiuM.
Sp. 1-?.
16604 Tiliae Link
Linden
punctif
0 sept. Bl
linden branches - Grev. crypt. 208
Class II.
ENTophYTAE. - Division I.
2491. FUSE''DIUM. Link. FusipiuM.

grey
16605 griseum Grev.
Stilbosporei.
Sp. 2-?.
effus spo. 0 aut.
16606 flavo-virens Dittm, yellow-green effus spo. 0 aut.
"sh
Ysh
dead beech leaves
dead beech leaves
Sp. 1.
punctif
0 aut.
Bl
clover leaves
Grev. crypt. 216
2493. STILBOSPORA. Hoffm. STILBosport A.
Sp. 4?.
16608 profasa Grev.
profuse
spots
0 spring Br
sycamore branches Grev. crypt. 212
16609 microsprma Pers, small grain, emerging 0 all sea. Bl
dead beech bran.
16610 ovta Pers.
ovate
dots
0 aut.
Br
dead branches
Grev. crypt. 212
16611 biloculta Grev.
two-celled emerging 0 all sea. Bl
dead furze branch.
2494. SPORIDER'MIUM. Link. SpomideRMiuM.
Sp. 1-2.
16612 &trum Link.
dark
parasitic 0 aut.
Bl
on species of Thelephora Grev. crypt 194
2495. NAEMASPOR.A. Pers. NAEMAspona.
Sp. 3-?
16613 Carpini Sowerb.
Hornbeam irregular 0 all sea. fil
dead hornbeam
Sower. t. 376
2492. POLYTHRIN/CIUM. Kunze.
16607 Triflii Kunze
Trefoil
Poly ruki NciuM.
16614 filamentsa Grev.
filamentous tortuous
16615 Rosrum Grev.
Rose
0 all sea. Gr. Bl dead branches
slightly prom. 0 all sea. Bl
dead rose branches Grev. crypt. fl. t. 20
Division II. Hypodermia.

2496. CYLINDROSPORIUM. Grev. Cylind RosPortiuM.
Sp. 1-?.
16616 concntricum Grev. concent speck-lik.hea. 0 my jn. W
cabbage leaves
2497. UREDO. Pers.
URepo.
Sp. 45-?.
16617 Gernii Dec.
16618 Ficriae Alb.
16619 suavolens Pers.
Geranium
scattered 0 sum.
D. Br on Geranium lvs. Grev. crypt. fl. t.8
pulverul. 0 su.aut. D. Br under Ficaria lvs.

odoriferous fragrant 0 spr.su. Pu. Br Cnicus arvensis lvs.
Pile-wort
16620 Polygonrum Dec. Polygonum spreading 0 su.aut. Pa. Brunder Polygonum lvs. Grev. crypt. fl. t. 80
16621 Primulae Dec.
Primrose
scattered 0 sum. Pa. Brunder primroselvs.
16622 Cichoracearum Dec. Syngenesious spots
16623 Herclei Grev.
Cow-Parsnep patches
0 su.aut D. Br on Compositaelvs.
0 sum. Pa. Brunder Sphondylium lvs.
16624 bifrons Grew.
two-sided
spots
0 aut.
16625 Rmicum Dec.
Dock
small
0 aut.
Br
16626 Fbae Pers.
Bean
patches
0 aut.
Pa. Br on bean leaves
16627 Labiatrum Dec.
Mint
pustular
0 aut.
Y. Br on mint leaves
Pa. Br both sides of sorrel leaves

on Rumex leaves
16628 intrsa Grev.
depressed
scattered
0 aut.
R. Br on Alchimella lvs.
16629 oblongta Lk.
oblong
pustular
0 sum.
R. Br on Luzula heaves
16613".
16612
2489. Fusarium. The sporules are remarkable for their regular fusiform figure.
2490. Erosporium. So called by Link, from #, on the outside, and aroser, a sporule; on account of their
external situation. Entire plant about one-third of a line in diameter, rarely larger, very gregarious, deep
black, convex, bursting from beneath the epidermis, and appearing bristly under a pocket magnifier. Sporidia
very crowded, elongated, obtuse at the apex, subopake, transversely about five times, fixed at the
base upon a roundish dark-colored, solid receptacle, and there persistent.
2491. Fasidium. A name with the same meaning as Fusarium.
2492. Polythrincium. From rows, many, and 98.7 , a little division. To the naked eye, this little plant
appears in the form of numerous minute black spots of unequal size. Under the microscope, these spots are
each found to consist of a number of distinct little roundish tufts of filaments, nearly equidistant from one
another, and becoming smaller towards the circumference. The filaments are densely crowded, semitrans
parent,
thickening upwards, somewhat moniliform from the numerous articulations, erect, simple:
the sporidia
oval, two-celled, scattered among the filaments.

* Stilbospora. From *xca, to shine, and easter, a sporule Asci or sporulesnaked, imbedded in a black
substance flowing from the branches of trees.
w -
Oan. IX. Taise IV.
=*-*-*~
FUNGI CONIOMYCETES.
1043
16603 Minute roundish or oval subgelatinous, Sporules long slender slightly curved
16604 Gregarious black minute convex, Sporidia elongated obtuse about 5 times transversely divided
Class II. Extortivta. - Division L stubosporei

16605 Mass thin irregular of a whitish or grey color
16606 Mass irregular thin bright-yellow or greenish
16608 Heaps rather large, Sporidia extremely minute nearly equally 2-celled
169 Black granulated irregularly ovate at length shapeless, Sporules ovate attenuated at each extremity
16610 Heaps small, Sporidia ovate unulocular
16611 Heaps roundish bursting through the bark, Sporules ovate obtuse 2-celled
16612 Black very crowded, Filaments linear-oblong 4 or 5 times divided
16613 Spherules depressed black immersed, Sporules large ovate escaping in the form of thick black tendrils
16614 Spherules very small grey black, Sporules excessively minute dust like under a high magnifying power
escaping in the form of long capillary entangled dull-orange tendrils
16615 Spherules waved when divided horizontally elevating the epiderms, Orifice blackish with a cottony
margin, Sporules very minute forming a single short slightly tortuous whitish tendrils
Division II.
Hypodermia.

16617. Hypophyllous scattered dark fuscous round very pulverulent sometimes confluent, Sporidia globose
16618 Aggregated deep-brown chiefly hypophyllous confluent, Sporidia oval sometimes with a very min, stipes
16619 Hypophyllous scattered becoming confluent reddish or purplish-brown, Sporidia globose greenish under
a high '' of the microscope
16620 Hypophyllous circular scattered rarely dis
in a circle round a pale-brown centre, Sporidia globular
16621 Hypophyllous scattered single or disposed in a circle round a central one light-brown, Sporidia globular
subovoid and rarely furnished with a minute pedicel
16622. On both sides of leaf dark fuscous minute round scattered, Sporidia globular rarely with a minute pedicel
16623 Hypophyllous scattered sometimes subconfluent roundish light-brown girt by the remains of epidermis,
Sporidia oviform scimetimes furnished with a very short blunt pedicel
16624. On
h surfaces of the leaf and opposite to each other scattered round light-brown girt with the remains
of the epidermis, Sporidia globose
16625. On both surfaces of the leaf brown round minute often not bursting: the epidermis rarely disposed in a
circle, Sporidia ovoid sometimes with minute pedicels
16626 Scattered round depressed light-brown girt with the remains of the epidermis, Sporidia rounded or
suboval rarely with minute pedicels
16627 Hypophyllous pale yellowish-brown sometimes disposed in a circle round: a central one minute rarely
confluent, Sporidia roundish or egg-shaped and rather hyaline
16628 Hypophyllous scattered or partially aggregated reddish-brown rounded somewhat prominent minute very
unequal, Sporidia roundish or oval rarely pedicelled
16629 On both sides of the leaf scattered distinct oblong reddish-brown girt by the ruptured epidermis, Sporidia
subglobose rarely subpedicelled
16616
16626
2494 Sporidermium. From rates, a sporule, and 2*, a skin, or coat.
A plant of a very simple
structure, composed entirely of linear-oblong or club-shaped semi-opake bodies, closely arranged side
by side, exactly of the same height, and transversely divided by three or four dissepiments. When
viewed with the naked eye, it resembles an intensely black thin crust, creeping over the surface of
Thelephora. Specimens from Captain Carmichael, as well as those found by Dr. Greville, occurred on Thele
phora
2495.vulgaris.
Narmaspora. From **, a thread, and rrosa, a sporule. The species resemble distorted threads filled
with minute sporules.
2496. Cylindrosporium. In allusion to the cylindrical form of the sporules. Found on both surfaces of living
cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea). Frequent in May and June. A very extraordinary plant, forming minute
speck-like heaps of an oblong shape, but otherwise very irregular, and projecting into little angles and pro
cesses. They are disposed in a concentric manner, are pure white, and change in decay to a dirty yellow.
Sporules naked, very numerous, cylindrical, truncate at each extremity, pellucid.
2497. Uredo. An old Latin name, from uro, to burn or scorch, applied to those occasional discolorations of
the surfaces of plants which were attributed to blasts or injuries of the atmosphere or heavenly bodies, and are
8 X 2
-
- -
CRYPTOGAMIA.
1044
16630 Slicis Dec.
16631 Vitellinae Dec.
16632 farinsa Pers.
16633 Tussilginis Pers.
Willow
Y
under Salix pentandra lvs.
0 my.aut Y
under Sal. vitellina lvs.
0 aut.
Pa.Y under Sal. Caprea lvs.
mottled
0 aut.
Golden Osier pimpled

powdery
mealy
Colt's-foot gyrose
Ragwort
16634 Senecinis Dec.

16635 cnfluens Pers.
16636 Potentillae Dcc.
16637 Rsae Pers.
16638 Rubrum Dec.
16639 effusa Grew.
effused
16640 gyrsa Rebent
concentric
confluent
Cinquefoil
Rose
Bramble
blotches
gyrose
0 sum.
Or
under coltsfoot lvs.
0 sum.
0 sum.
Or
Y
under Senecio lvs.

on Mercurialis Ivs.
powdery
0 sum.
mottled
0 sum.
very powd. 0 sum.

spreading 0 sum.
gyrose
Gol.Y on Fragaria sterilis Ivs.

Or
Flax
0 spr.su. Y
16644 Saxifragrum Dec. Saxifrage

16645 Campnulae Pers.
16646 Pyrolae Grew.
shining
0 sum.
on raspberrylvs.
under Alchemillalvs.
Scrophularineae
Or.Y. Linum cartharticum Grev. crypt. fit 31
0 sum.
Or
Saxifrage
Campanula bright
0 sum.
Or
under Campanula Ivs.
Winter Green minute
0 sum.
Gold. under Pyrola lvs.
16647 Helioscpiae Dec.
Euphorbia
16648 linearis Pers.
linear
brilliant
under roselvs.
Gol.Y under bramble lvs.

R.Or under Rosaceaelvs. Grev. crypt, fl. t. 19
16641 Alchemillae Pers. Lady's Mantle spreading 0 my jn. Or

0 su. aut. R. Y
16642 Rhinanthacearum Dec. bt-yellow spots
16643 Lini Dec.
CLAss XXIV.
round
0 aut.
Gold. under Euphorbial vs.
very com. 0 sp. aut. Y
on grass leaves
16649 aecidiifrmis Grev. AEcidium-like pustular
0 spring Y
16650 Cerstii Grev.
Cerastium
punctif
0 sum.
16651 pustulta Pers.
pimpled
punctif
0 spring Y
16652 Snchi Pers.

16653 Petasites Dec.
Sow Thistle spreading 0 sum.

Petasites
gyrose
16654 Populina Pers.
Poplar
beautiful 0 aut.
Gold. under Populus nigra Ivs. Ann.wett.2.t.11.f5
16655 ovta Strauss

16656 candida Pers.
Aspen
white
spots
0 aut.
spreading 0 aut.
Tawn on Populus tremula Ivs. Ann.wett.2.t.11.f6

W
Cruciferae
Sower. t. 340. Thlaspi
16657 sgetum Pers.
Smut Brand spreading 0 sum.
Bl
within grains of corn
16658 urceolrum Dec.
sedge
spreading 0 sum.
Bl
on fructif of Carex
16659 caries Dec.
cankering
destroying 0 aut.
Bl. Br within grains of wheat Deutschl. f. t. 34
16660 antherrum Dec.

16661 flosculsum Dec.
Anther
Floret
spreading 0 sum.
spreading 0 sum.
Pu
on Caryophylleae
Pu. Br on Scabiosaarvensis Sow. t.396 f2. Scabiose
0 aut.
2498. AECIDIUM. Pers. AEcidiuM.

Pine
scattered
1666.2 Pini Pers.
sum.
on Sphondylium lvs.
Gold. on Cerast viscosum lvs.

on Epilobium palustre Ivs.
R.Or under Sonch. olerac. lvs.

Or
under Petasites lvs.
Sp. 21-?.
Pa. Or on Pinus sylvestris Grev. crypt. f. t. 7
16663 Epilbii Dec.
Epilobium
beautiful 0 sum.
on Epilobium montanum lvs.
16664 Violrum Dec.
Violet
crowded
0 sum.
Wsh
under Viola canina lvs.
16665 albscens Grew.
whitish
beautiful
0 april
Adoxamoschatellina
16666 Tarxaci Grev.
Dandelion
spreading 0 sum.
untier Leontodon Taraxacum lvs.
16667 Periclymeni Dec.
Woodbine
large spot 0 sum.
Ysh
16668 Bnii Dec.
Ground Nut deformed 0 spring Ysh
under woodbine Ivs.

on Bunium Ivs.
166-6
10661
called mildew or blight.
History, Use, Propagation, Cucture,

All the species are obscure and require further examination. They are in the hands
of Bauer, whose knowledge and pictorial powers cannot be better employed than in illustrating this obscure
part of vegetation.
FJJNG1 CONIOMYCETES.
ORD. IX. TRIBE IV.
1045
16630 Hypophyl scatter very min rounded becom contigu but not confluent, Sporidia pyriform subpedicellate
16031 Hypophyl very min. convex orbicular scattered becom confluent, Sporidia very min globul. transparent
16: Hypophyl, paleochrey-yell, distinct at first soon bursting becom conflu. and very pulverul. Sporida oval
16633 Hypophyllous bright orange-yellow prominent crowded generally forming circles and becoming very
confluent, Sporidia very numerous obovate
16634. Hypophyllous orange-yellow oblong irregular becoming confluent, Sporidia numerous
16635 Hypophyllous depressed yellow oblong concentric becoming confluent, Sporidia nearly oval
16:30 Chiefly hypophyllous golden-yellow scattered irregular convex becoming confluent, Sporidia subspherica.
16:57 Hypophyllous small scattered effused orange-yellow, Sporidia suboval sometimes with a minute pedicel
16:8 Hypophyllous golden-yellow suborbicular becoming effused, Sporida very numerous irregularly spherical
** Bright reddish-orange broad pulverulent hypophyl, and on nerves and petioles, Sporidia numer subglob.
16040 Epiphyllous much scattered rather large
manner, Sporidia subglobose
'' thick
elevated from the leaf and bursting in a gyrose
16641 Hypophyl, lin. obl; crowded arranged in a subparallel manner orange-yell becom. pale, Sporidia spherical
16642 Hypophyllous and on the petioles and calyx oblong thickish sometimes partly disposed in a circular
manner and subconfluent deep reddish-yellow, Sporidia spherical
16643 On both sides of the leaf and stem suborbicular prominent bright orange-yellow scattered, Sporidia
oval or even oblong transparent
16644 Hypophyllous and on the calyces rather large oval with an indurated disk after the sporidia have escaped,
Sporidia bright orange spherical and granular within
16645 Hypophyllous scattered round depressed rarely confluent, Sporidia yellowish-orange spherical surrounded
by the remains of the ruptured epidermis
16646 Hypophyllous punctiform scattered or collected into small clusters golden-yellow scarcely bursting,
Sporidia ovate or oblong somewhat transparent and granular within
16647 Hypophyll golden-yell scatter distin surround. by remains of ruptur epidermis, Sporidia subglob minute
16648. On both sides of the leaf oblong or lin, sometimes forming long lines yellow becoming reddish or brownish
in decay, Sporidia globular or suboval
16649
#:
ous and on the petioles somewhat aggregated
bullated yellow bursting in the centre
but generally following the course of the veins,
16650 Chiefly hypophyllous very minute regular numerous convex late in bursting golden-yellow, Sporidia
#or even oblon

hypophyllous very ute File" subrotund
roundish
16651 Chiefly
convex scattered or collected into clusters
scarcely bursting, Sporidia subova
depressed regular in form redd orange scattered becoming partially conflu. Sporidia egg-shaped
16653 Hypophyllous depressed minute spreading somewhat aggregated subconfluent irregular in form of a
deep orange or orange-red, Sporidia ova
16654 Hypophyllous scattered or crowded distinct convex roundish large compared with the following mostly
le becoming golden-yellow, Sporidia very long obtuse at each extremity
16655 Hypophyllous punctiform prominent or papilliform numerous tawny yellow mostly closed, Sporidia ovate
16666 Polymorphous of various forms sometimes disposed in a circular manner quite white frequently never
bursting, Sporidia in great profusion globular
16657 Within the fruit and glumes of corn and various grasses spreading and in a short time filling the whole
with a profuse black dust, which under the microscope consists of minute spherical sporules
16658 Attacking the fructification of Carices and forming a black compact slightly pulverulent mass composed
of a pale solid nucleus surrounded by the naked sporidia which are small and globular
16659 Always inclosed within the grain and filling it with uniform dense fetid blackish-brown mass composed
of very minute spherical sporidia
16660 Attack. anth. and ovary of the Caryophylleae, fine purp. Spori. very plentiful pulverul. min. and globul.
16661 Sporidia very min. purpl.-brown plentiful produc. within florets and often filling them with pulverul. mass
16652
H'.
1666.2Large oblong or conical much scattered pale-orange bursting with an irregular orifice, Sporidia excessively
abundant bright-orange
16663 Hypophyllous numerous distinct, Sporidia very white toothed, Teeth beautifully rolled back brittle and
vanishing, Sporidia pinkish-orange
16664 Hypophyllous and on the
scattered or subaggregated numerous, Peridia whitish split into many
-
--
small deciduous teeth, Sporidia orange becoming obscure brown.
16665 Hypophyllous and on the petioles scattered distinct, Peridia very white split into a few comparatively large
teeth, Sporidia yellowish-white, Surface of the leaf blistered whitish
16666 Hypophyllous very numerous subsessile scattered or collected into little clusters, Peridia white split into
subrevolute teeth, Sporidia fine orange
-
16657 Hypophyllous, Peridia distinct but decidedly clustered and crowded prominent becoming subelongated;
the mouth with a few broad very delicate decidious teeth, Sporidia fine orange
16668 Hypophyllous and on the petioles irregularly clustered and deforming the parts on which it grows,
Peridia somewhat indistinct round prominent and yellowish with a subentire orifice
2498. AEcidium. These plants are found upon the leaves of other vegetables, and one of them is known to
agriculturists under the name of Red Gum. This species usually grows inside the glumes of the calyx, under
the epidermis, which, when the plant is ripe, bursts and emits a powder of a bright orange color. It does not
3 X 3
CRYPTOGAMIA.
1046
agglomerat. 0
sum.
CLAss XXIV.
Ysh
under Sen. Jacobaea Ivs.
16669 Jacobaeae Grev.
Ragwort
16670 Premnthis Pers.
Prenanthes spots
0 sum.
16671 Urticae Dec.
Nettle
clusters
0 sum.
Ysh
under Hierac. sylvat. lva.

on Urtica dioica
16672 confrtum Dec.
dense
clusters
0 sum.
Wsh
on Ficaria
16673 Grossulriae Dec.
Gooseberry bright sp. 0 sum.
under gooseberrylvs. Grev. crypt. fl. t. 69
16674 Ranunculacearum Dec.Crowfoot clusters
0 sum.
16675 Calthae Grev.
0 spring Or
Caltha
bright
Wsh
under Ranunc. lingua Ivs.

under Caltha palustris lvs.
16676 Berbridis Pers. Berberry blight spreading 0 sum.
Or
on Berb.vulgaris
swollen
0 sum.
Br
on hawthorn
Grev. crypt. 209
spots
* sum.
Y.Br on mountain-ash
16677 lacertum Dec.
ragged
16678 corn(itum Pers.
Cornute
16679 Tussilginis Pers. Coltsfoot
concentrical 0 sum.
Psh
Grev. crypt. 180
under Farfara lvs. Sower. t. 397. f.
16680 rubllum Dec.
pink
concentrical 0 sum.
Crim. under Rumexlvs.
16681 A1"lii Pers.
Allium
concentrical 0 sum.
under All. ursinum lvs.
16682 Thalctri Grev.
Thalictrum
Or
Thalictrum alpinum Grev. crypt.4
clustered
0 sum.
Sow.t.405. Rumic's
2499. PUCCINIA. Mich.
Puccinia.
aut.
l
under rose leaves
**-
16683 Rsae Grew.
Rose
many-cell. 0
16684 Rbi Dec.
16685 grcilis Grev.
Bramble
slender
many-cell. 0 aut.
many-cell. 0 aut.
Bl
Bl
16686 Potentillae Pers.
Potentilla
many-cell. 0 aut.
16687 Aspragi Dec.
Asparagus
16688 Circaeae Pers.
Circaea
Bl
under Potentilla Ivs.
Bl
dead asparagus
Pk. Br under Circaea lvs.
Grev. crypt. fl. t. L5
under bramble lvs.
under raspberry Ivs.
Grev. crypt fl. t. 57
16689 Chrysosplnii Grev. Chrysosplen.
two-celled 0 aut.
two-celled 0 aut.
two-celled 0 may
16690 Aviculriae Dec.
knot grass
two-celled 0 aut.
16691 Egopdii Strauss
AEgopodium two-celled 0 aut.
B Gr on Egopodium Ivs.
16692 timida Grev.
tumid
two-celled 0
june
Br. Gron Bunium Bulbocastanum
16698 Men'thae Pers.
Mint
two-celled 0
spring Bl
16694 Polygoni Pers.
Polygonum two-celled 0 aut.
16695 Centaurae Dec.
Centaury
two-celled 0 aut.
16696 Umbelliferrum Dec. Umbellifer. two-celled 0
Pa. Brunder Chrys. opp. Ivs.

Bl
under Polygonumlvs.
under Mentha Ivs.
R.Br under Polyg. amphib. lvs.

Bl
on Centaurea nigra
Ve.D. on Umbelliferselvs.
Bl.Br under Samicula lvs.
16697 Saniculae Grew.
Sanicle
two-celled 0
aut.
aut.
16698 variabilis Grew.
variable
two-celled 0
aut.
Blsh
on Leont. Taraxacum Grev. crypt fl. t. 75
16699 Herclei Grev.
Cow Parsnip two-celled 0 sum.
Blsh
under Sphondylium 1vs. Grev. crypt. fl. t. 48
16700 Epilbii Dec.
Epilobium
two-celled 0
june
Br
under Epilobium palustre Ivs.
16701 Betnicae Dec.
Betony
two-celled 0
aut.
Ferr. under Beton. offic. lvs.
16702 pulverulnta Grev powdery
two-celled 0
sum.
D. Br under Epilobium lvs.
16703 Adxae Dec.
two-celled 0
sum.
D. Br on Adoxa Moschatellina
Moschatel

the grain, if at all. Ears full of it have been found with very plump
Pon
branded ears. Before the cuticle which covers the fungus bursts, it
as much the appearance of a pust''e upon the human body.
'': to
appear to be
ains; and it has also
n found
ORn. IX. Taise IV.
FUNG1 CONIOMYCETES.
1047
16669 Hypophyllous at first prominent pustular soon becoming agglomerated very numerous, Peridia splitting
into short brittle yellowish-white teeth, Sporidia pale-orange
16670 Hypophyllous in widely scattered agglomerated clusters but not very crowded, Peridia subsessile split
into very white exceedingly brittle teeth, #" pale
16671 Hypophyllous and on the petioles and stem, l'eridia campanulate agglomerated rarely single split into
many short recurved teeth, Sporida ochre-yellow numerous ovate
16672 Hypophyllous and on the petioles, Peridia in dense agglomerated clusters whitish split into revolute
teeth, Sporidia yellowish : the leaf whitish around the clusters
16673 Hypophyllous upon a thickened portion of the leaf, which on the upper surface is of a fine red color with
a yellow border, Peridia densely crowded splitting into yellowish-white teeth, Sporidia pale
16674 Hypophyllous, Peridia agglomerated in scattered clusters of various sizes whitish with a brittle
dentated margin, Sporidia yellow
16675 Hypophyllous and on the petioles aggregated short somewhat campanulate with numerous very minute
marginal teeth, Sporidua bright-orange subglobose or oval
16676
and on the fruitstalk, seed-vessel, calyx, and even petals, Peridia short or elongated cylin
rical densely crowded fine orange, Sporidia yellow under the microscope
16677 Hypophyllous and on the petioles and young fruit, Peridia elongated agglomerated brown splitting to the
base in capillary segments, Sporidia numerous light-brown
16078 Hypophyllous, Peridia 2-12 long cylindrical slightly curved yellowish-brown springing from an orange
colored thickened portion of the leaf, Sporidia numerous greyish becoming brown
16679. Hypophyllous marked on the : surface of the leaf by a yellow or purplish spot, Peridia partly im
mersed short splitting into white revolute teeth, Sporida pink-orange
16680 Hypophyllous producing a crimson spot on the upper surface of the leaf, Peridia minute subimmersed
splitting regularly into small revolute white teeth, Sporidia yellowish-white
16681 Hypophyllous marked by a pale spot on the upper surface of the leaf and a pale ring round the peridia,
which are small not numerous splitting into small brittle yellowish-white teeth, Sporidia pale
16682 Hypophyllous somewhat clustered, Clusters of a roundish form, Peridia oblongo-cylindrical bright
orange, Mouth paler and bursting irregularly
*''':
1668.3 Hypophyllous, Sporidia mucronated 5-7-celled with a white filiform stipes incrassated towards the base
which is furnished with a yellow gland
166-4 Hypophyllous deep-black tufted, Sporidia 4-celled obtuse mucronate, Stipes slender incrassated at the base
16685 Hypophyllous tufted of various sizes black rather lax scattered, Sporidia 7-9-celled somewhat attenuated
mucronate with a slender stipes incrassated at the base
16686. Somewhat tufted scattered black, Sporida cylindrical 3-4-celled obtuse never mucronated, Stipes filiform
16687 Round. or ov. obl scatter, black somew, convex, Sporidia densely crowded obl. obt, firmly fix by pedicels
16:48 Hypophyl. deep pinkish-brown promin consist of a number of distinct aggregat.tufts, Sporidia obl acute
16689 Hypophyllous small of various sizes few together and confluent pale-brown, Sporidia long somewhat
waved much attenuated at each extremity with an elongated stipes
16690 Hypophyllous punctiform minutely tufted subrotund blackish-brown, Sporidia crowded obtusely egg
with a long flexuose filiform pedicel
16691 Chiefly hypophyllous minute aggregated rendering the nerves and petioles swollen dark bluish-grey before
bursting, Sporidia nearly black oval not contracted in the centre, Stipes short
16692 Hypophyllous and on the petioles conglomerated confluent brownish-grey before bursting, Sporidia nearly
black obtuse scarcely contracted in the centre: the upper cell sometimes divided
16693 Hypophyllous round scattered nearly black, Sporidia of an obtuse irregular figure with a short filiform
stipes somewhat incrassated at the base
16694. Hypophyllous minute round very crowded reddish-brown: upper cell of the sporidia thick globose;
the lower one long and narrow, Stipes short
16695 On both sides of the leaf and on the stem in small nearly black scattered tufts surrounded by the remains
of the ruptured epidermis, Sporidia oval the two cells nearly equal, Stipes very short
16696 Hypophyllous minute very dark scattered, Sporida short with both cells obtuse and a short stipes
16697. Hypophyllous circular very variable in size blackish-brown scattered rarely confluent, Sporidia very
obtuse with a subelongated stipes
16698 on both sides of the leaf in minute tufts nearly black circular bordered by the remains of the epidermis,
Sporidia variable very obtuse rounded 2-celled both often subdivided, Stipes very short
16699 Hypophyllous blackish-brown irregular in figure girt by ferruginous remains of epidermis, Sporidia
crowded obtuse divided but scarcely contracted in the middle, Stipes short
16700 Hippophyllous scattered closely over the whole surface small round brown depressed, Sporidia much
contracted in the centre nearly resembling figure 8: the upper cell largest
16701 Hypophyllous very thickly scattered and becoming contiguous but very rarely confluent minute at first
and ferruginous after bursting,
short: upper cell obtuse, Stipes very short
16702 Hypophyllous dark-brown scattered or sub-confluent often concentric, Sporidia crowded pulverulent
obtusely oval slightly contracted in the middle: the lower cell terminating in an abrupt and short stipes
16703 On the leaf and petiole crowded confluent, Sporidia dark-brown pulverulent: upper cell obtuse, Stipes
somewhat lengthened

**
2490. Puccinia. A name of obscure meaning; possibly derived
from ***. closely packed, in aIlusion to the
F. grminis is a plant too well known to the farmer
under the name of blight it attacks the stem and leaves of corn, at first having the appearance of orange
-
crowded manner in which the little plants are placed.
3 X 4
- -
- -------------- -
1048
CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLAss XXIV.
16704 Primulae Grew.
Primrose
two-celled 0 sum.
D.Br under primroselvs.
16705 Violae Dec.
Violet
two-celled 0 sum.
D. Br under Viola canina Ivs.
16706 Valntiae Pers.
Cross-wort
heaped
two-celled 0 sum. Dp. Bron Galium verum

two-celled 0 spr.su. Dp. Brunder Senecio Jacobaeae Ivs.
16707 glomerta Grew.
16708 Ulmriae Dec.
Ulmaria
two-celled 0 aut.
Pu. Blunder Ulmaria lvs
16709 caricina Dec.
Sedge
two-celled 0 aut.
Bl
16710 Grminis Pers.
Grass
two-celled 0 aut.
Bl
on corn & grasses Sow. t. 140. U. Fruments
16711 globsa Grev.
"
one-celled 0 aut.
two-celled 0 sum.
Bl
Br
on bean leaves
leaves of box
16712 Bxi Sow.
on Carex leaves
Grev. crypt. fi t 29
Grev.crypt. fl. t.
16710
coloured streaks, which afterwards assume a deep chocolate-brown colour. The little plants chiefly attack the
parenchyma, immediately below the stomata with which the cuticle abounds.
Each individual is so small,
that any stoma on a straw will, according to Sir Joseph Banks, produce from twenty to forty fungi, and
every one of them will, no doubt, produce at least one hundred reproductive particles; so that the progeny
from a single stoma will be enough to infect a whole plant. The period of a generation is su
not to
exceed a week; and as the reproductive particles are exceedingly light, they are wafted aloft in the air,
which is thus loaded with clouds of animated dust, ready upon the first favourable occasion to carry blight
and disease into all the neighbourhood. The figures which illustrate this subject are copies of Mr. Bauer's
illustrations of blight, published in 1805 by Sir Joseph Banks
a (preceding page), a piece of infected wheat
stem, natural size; b, a highly magnified longitudinal cutting of the same; c. to n, highly magnified repre
sentations of the Puccinia grminis in various states, o, a piece of the cuticle magnified, and showing the
stomata; p, a highly magnified transverse cutting of the straw; g, a magnified representation of the outside
of the straw; r, a very highly magnified representation of a part of the same.
The alarming state of the harvest of August 1804, from what is vulgarly called blight, induced Sir Joseph
Banks to have some blighted stalks of wheat examined under a powerful microscope, and drawings made
from them by Mr. Francis Bauer. These were published in a pamphlet in January 1805, the object of which,
as we are informed in the advertisement, was to procure actual observations on the origin and progress of
the disease from those intelligent agriculturists, whose residence in the country enables them daily to
examine, not only the progress of their crops, but the origin and advances also of all those obstacles which
nature has opposed to the success of agricultural labours, as if to awaken the energies of reason, and to
reward the farmer for the exertions of his intellectual faculties, by the satisfaction of surmounting them.
As we have here a space that would otherwise be unoccupied, we cannot do better than to fill it up by
transcribing the whole of the pamphlet alluded to, there being still ample room for actual observations on
that baneful disease.
Botanists have long known that the blight in corn is occasioned by the growth of a minute parasitic
fungus or mushroom on the leaves, stems, and glumes of the living plant. Felice Fontana published, in the
!' 1767, an elaborate
account of this mischievous weed", with microscopic figures which give a tolerable
dea of its form; more modern botanists+ have given figures both of corn and of grass affected by it, but
have not used high magnifying powers in their researches.
Agriculturists do not appear to have paid, on this head, sufficient attention to the discoveries of their
fellow-labourers in the field of nature; for though scarcely any English writer of note on the subject of rural
economy has failed to state his opinion of the origin of this evil, no one of them has yet attributed it to the
real cause, unless Mr. Kirby's excellent papers on some diseases of corn, published in the Transactions of the
Linncan Society, are considered as agricultural essays.
On this account it has been deemed expedient to offer, to the consideration of farmers, engravings of this
destructive plant, made from the drawings of the accurate and ingenious Mr. Bauer, botanical painter to His
Majesty, accompanied with his explanation, from which it is presumed an attentive reader will be able to
form a correct idea of the facts intended to be represented, and a just opinion whether or not they are, as is
presumed to be the case, correct and satisfactory.
In order, however, to render Mr. Bauer's explanation more easy to be understood, it is necessary to premise,
that the striped appearance of the surface of a straw, which may be seen with a common magnifying glass, is
caused by alternate longitudinal
of the bark, the one imperforate, and the other furnished with one
or two rows of pores or mouths, shut in dry, open in wet weather, and well calculated to imbibe fluid whenever
the straw is damp. Pores or mouths similar to these are placed by nature on the surface of the leaves,
branches, and stems of all perfect plants, a provision intended, no doubt, to compensate, in some measure, the
want of locomotion in vegetables. A plant cannot when thirsty go to the brook and drink, but it can open
unnumerable orifices, for the reception of every degree of moisture which either falls in the shape of rain
and of dew, or is separated from the mass of fluid always held in solution by the atmosphere; it seldom
* Osservazioni sopra la Ruggine del Grano. Lucca, 1767, 8vo.

t Sowerby's English Fungi, vol. ii. tab. 140. Wheat; tau. 139. Poa aquatica.
ORD. IX. TRIBE IV.
fLING1 CONIOMY CETES.
1049
hyllous deep brown solitary scattered or concentric and subconfluent, Sporidia rather slender with
: cell attenuated into a short stipes
16705 Hypophyllous minute scattered sometimes confluent irregular in form nearly black, Sporidia short obtuse
small with a short stipes
16706 Hypophyll. very min. scatter deep-brown, Sporidia thick obt, variable in shape with lower cell fusiform
16707 Hypophyllous tufts circular depressed broad dark fuscous composed of many smaller ones confluent at
the centre, Sporidia oblong with lower cell somewhat attenuated
16708 Hypophyllous purplish black scattered in tufts, Sporidia variable generally very obtuse two rarely 3-celled
also divided perpendicularly, Stipes short
16709 Epiphyllous brown eventually black oval often confluent and forming long lines, Sporidia oblong with a
white filiform stipes firmly fixed at its base
16710 Tufts dense oblong often confluent and forming long parallel lines changing from yellowish-brown to
black, Sporidia elongated: the upper cell the shortest, Stipes filiform
16711 Epiphyllous minute scattered nearly black, Sporidia globose with a filiform slender stipes
16712 Scattered reddish-brown round very convex surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, Sporidia oblong
2-celled yellow with a long filiform stem
16704 h.
16710
happensin the driest season, that the night does not afford some refreshment of this kind, to restore the moisture
that has been exhausted by the heats of the preceding day. By these pores, which exist also on the leaves and
glumes, it is presumed that the seeds of the fungus gain admission, and at the bottom of the hollows to which
they lead (bpy they germinate and push their minute roots, no doubt (though these have not yet been traced),
into the cellular texture beyond the bark, where they draw their nourishment by intercepting the sap that
was intended by nature for the nutriment of the grain; the corn, of course, becomes '' in proportion
as the fungi are more or less numerous on the plant, and as the kernel only is extracted from the grain,
while the cortical part remains undiminished, the proportion of flour to bran, in blighted corn, is always
reduced in the same degree as the corn is made light. Some corn of this year's crop will not yield a stone of
four from a sack of wheat; and it is not impossible, that in some cases the corn has been so completely robbed
of ts flour by the fungus, that if the proprietor should choose to incur the expense of thrashing and grind
ing it, bran would be the produce, with scarcely an atom of flour for each grain.
Every species of corn, properly so called, is subject to the blight, but it is observable triat spring corn is
less damaged by it than winter, and rye less than wheat, probably because it is ripe and cut down before the
fungus has had time to increase in any large degree. Tull says," that white core, or bearded white, which has its
straw like a rush full of pith, is less subject to blight than lammas white, which ripens a week later." (See
page 74.) The spring wheat of Lincolnshire was not in the least shrivelled this year, though the straw was in
some degree infected: the millers allowed that it was the best sample brought to market. Barley was in some
Places considerably spotted, but as the whole of the stem of that grain is naturally enveloped in the hose or
!, * of the leaf, the fungus can in no case gain admittance to the straw; it is, however, to be observed, that
from the flail lighter this year than was expected from the appearance of the crop when
athered in.
ga, Though diligent enquiry was made during the last autumn, no information of importance relative to the
origin or the progress of the blight could be obtained: this is not to be wondered at, for as no one of the
persons applied to have # knowledge of the real cause of the malady, none of them could direct their
curiosity in a proper channel. Now that its nature and cause have been explained, we may reasonably expect
that a few years will produce an interesting collection of facts and observations, and we may hope that some
progress will be made towards the very desirable attainment of either a preventive or a cure.
It seems probable that the leaf is first infected in the spring, or early in the summer, before the corn
shoots up into straw, and that the fungus is then of an orange colour; after the straw has become yellow,
the fungus assumes a deep chocolate brown: each individual is so small, that every pore on a straw will pro
duce from twenty to forty fungi, as may be seen in the plates, and every one of these will, no doubt, produce
at least one hundred seeds; if then, one of these seeds tillers out into the number of plants that appear at
the bottom of a pore b p), how incalculably large must the increase be! A few diseased plants scattered
over a field must speedily infect a whole neighbourhood, for the seeds of fungi are not much heavier than air,
as every one who has trod upon a ripe puff-ball must have observed, by seeing the dust, among which is its
seed, rise up and float on before him.
How long it is before this fungus arises at puberty and scatters its seed in the wind, can only be guessed
at by the analogy of others; probably the period of a generation is short, possibly not more than a week in a
hot season: if so, how frequently in the latter end of the summer must the air be loaded as it were with this
animated dust, ready whenever a gentle breeze, accompanied with humidity, shall give the signal, to intrude
itself into the pores of thousands of acres of corn.
Providence, however, careful of the creatures it has
created, has benevolently provided against the too extensive multiplication of any species of being; was it
otherwise, the minute plants and animals, enemies against which man has the fewest means of defence, would
increase to an inordinate extent. This, however, can in no case happen, unless many predisposing causes
afford their combined assistance. But for this wise and beneficent provision, the plague of slugs, the plague
of mice, the plagues of grubs, wireworms, chafers, and many other creatures whose power of multiplying is
countless as the sands of the sea, would long before this time have driven mankind and all the larger animals
from the face of the earth.
Though all old persons who have concerned themselves in agriculture remember the blight in corn many
ears, yet some have supposed that of late years it has materially increased; this, however, does not seem to
case. Tull, in his Horse-hoeing Husbandry, p. 74., tells us that the year 1725 was a year of blight,
the like of which was never before heard of, and which he hopes may never happen again; yet the average
the
1050
CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLAss XXIV
History, Use, Propagation, Culture, and Miscellaneous Particulars.

price of wheat in the year 1726, when the harvest of 1725 was at market, was only 36s. 4d., and the avera
the five years of which it makes the first, 37s. 7d.: 1797 was also a year of great blight; the price of w
in 1798, was 49s. 1d, and the average of the five years, from 1795 to 1799, 63s.5d.
The climate of the British isles is not the only one that is liable to the blight in corn; it happel
occasionally in every part of Europe, and probably in all countries where corn is grown. Italy is very subje
to it, and the last harvest of Sicily has been materially hurt by it. Specimens received from the colony
New South Wales show that considerable mischief was done to the wheat crop there, in the year 1803, by
parasitic plant very similar to the English one.
It has been long admitted by farmers, though scarcely credited by botanists, that wheat in the neighbou
hood of a barberry bush seldom escapes the blight. The village of Rollesby in Norfolk, where barberri
abound and wheat seldom succeeds, is called by the opprobrious appellation of mildew Rollesby. Som
observing men have of late attributed this very perplexing effect to the farina of the flowers of the barberr
which is in truth yellow, and resembles in some degree the appearance of the rust, or what is presumed to t
the blight in its early state.
It is, however, notorious to all botanical observers, that the leaves of the barberry are very subject to th
attack of a yellow parasitic fungus, larger, but not otherwise different from the rust in corn.
Is it not more than possible, that the parasitic fungus of the barberry and that of wheat are one and th
sanne
ies, and that the seed is transferred from the barberry to the corn? Mistletoe, the parasitic plar
with which we are the best acquainted, delights most to grow on the apple and hawthorn, but it flourish.
occasionally on trees widely differing in their nature from of these: in the Home Park, at Windso
mistletoe may be seen in abundance on the lime trees planted there in avenues. If this conjecture is we
founded, another year will not pass without its being confirmed by the observations of inquisitive an
sagacious farmers.
. It would be presumptuous to offer any remedy for a malady, the progress of which is so little understood
conjectures, however, founded on the origin here assigned to it, may be hazarded without offence.
It is believed, but not dogmatically asserted (because Fontana, the best writer on the subject, asserts th:
the yellow and dark coloured blight are different species of fungi), to begin early in the spring, and first t
appear on the leaves of wheat in the form of rust, or orange-coloured powder; at this season, the fungus wil
in all probability, require as many weeks for its progress from infancy to puberty as it does days during th
heats of autumn; but a very few plants of wheat thus infected are quite sufficient, if the fungus is permitte
its seed, to spread the malady over a field, or indeed, over a whole parish.
The chocolate-coloured blight is little observed till the corn is approaching very nearly to ripeness;
which increase very rapidly in size, and are in calm weather somewh:
circular, as if the disease took its origin from a central position.
May it not happen, then, that the fungus is brought into the field in a few stalks of infected straw unco:
rupted among the mass of dung laid in the ground at the time of sowing? It must be confessed, howevel
that the clover leys, on which no dung from the yard was used, were as much infected last autumn as th
manure crops. The immense multiplication of the disease in the last season seems however to account fo
this; as the air was no doubt frequently charged with seed for miles together, and deposited it indiscriminatel
to ri
appears then in the field in s
on ail sorts of crops.
It cannot, however, be an expensive precaution to search diligently in the

for young plants c
wheat infected with the disease, and carefully to extirpate them, as well as all grasses, for several are subjec
to this or a similar malady, which have the appearance of orange-coloured or black stripes on their leaves, c
on their straw; and if experience shall prove that uncorrupted straw can carry the disease with it into th
field, it will cost the farmer but little precaution to prevent any mixture of fresh straw from being carried ou
with his rotten dung to the field.
In a year like the present, that offers so fair an opportunity, it will be useful to observe attentivel
whether cattle in the straw yard thrive better or worse on blighted or on healthy straw. That blighted straw
on it the
that have robbed the corn of its flour, has in it more nutritious matter than clea
straw which has yielded a crop of plump grain, cannot be doubted; the question is whether this nutrimen
in the form of fungi does or can be made to agree as well with the stomachs of the animals that consume it, a
it would do in that of straw and corn.
It cannot be improper in this place to remark, that although the seeds of wheat are rendered, by th
exhausting power of the fungus, so lean and shrivelled that scarcely any flour fit for the manufacture of brea.
can be obtained by grinding them, these very seeds will, except, perhaps, in the very worst cases, answer the
urpose of seed-corn as well as the fairest and plumpest sample that can be obtained, and in some respect
netter; for as a bushel of much blighted corn will contain one third at least more grains in number than
bushel of plump corn, three bushels of such corn will go as far in sowing land, as four bushels of large grain
Eighty grains of the most blasted wheat of the last year that could be obtained, were sown in pots in thi
hot-houses; of these, seventy-eight produced healthy plants, a loss of 10 per cent only.
The use of the flour of corn in furthering the process of vegetation is to nourish the minute plant from thi
time of its developement till its roots are able to attract food from the manured earth; for this purpose, on
tenth of the contents of a grain of good wheat is more than sufficient. The quantity of flour in wheat ha
been increased by culture and management calculated to improve its qualities for the benefit of mankind, it
the same as the pulp of apples and pears has been increased, by the same means, above what i
found on the wildings and crabs in the
''
It is customary to set aside or purchase for seed-corn, the boldest and plumpest samples that can b.
obtained; that is, those that contain the most flour; but this is unnecessary waste of human subsistence
the smallest grains, such as are sifted out before the wheat is carried out to market, and either consumed in
the farmer's family or given to his poultry, will be found by experience to answer the purpose of propagating
the sort from whence
sprung as effectually as the largest.
Every ear of wheat is composed of a number of cups placed alternately on each piece of the straw; the
lower ones contain, according to circumstances, three or four grains, nearly equal in size, but towards the tol
of the ear, where the quantity of nutriment is diminished by the more ample supply of those cups that ar.
nearer the root, the third or fourth grain in a cup is frequently defrauded of its proportion, and become
shrivelled and small. These small grains which are rejected by the miller, because they do not contain fou
enough for his purpose, have, nevertheless, an ample abundance for all purposes of vegetation, and as full,
partake of the sap, or blood, as we should call it in animals, of the kind which produced them, as the
fairest and fullest grain that can be obtained from the bottoms of the lower cups, by the wasteful processo
beating the sheaves.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF PLANTS.
PART II.
l
(eas, a vessel; plants with woody fibre
First grand Division, VASCULARES
and cellular tissue).
First Class, Ducoryleboxes
(dis, two, and cotyledon, cotyledons two).
Subdivision I. Dichlamydeae
(dis, two, and chlamys, a coat or covering,

calyx and corolla distinct).
Subclass 1. Thalamiflorae
Subclass 2. Calyciflorae
Subclass 3 Corolliflorae
(thalamus, a bed or receptacle, and fos, a

flower, stamens under the pistullum).
(calyx and fos, stamens on the calyx).
.#
/
2
(corolla, and/los, stamens on the corolla).
Subdivision II. Monochlamydeae
Second Class, Monocotyledones
(monos, one, and cotyledon, cotyledon one).
Second grand Division, CELLULARES
First Class, Foliaceae
Second Class, Aphylle
(monos, one, and chlamys, a coat or covering;

calyx and corolla not distinct).
(cellula, a little cell; plants with cellular

tissue only).
#|
::
(foliaceus, leafy, habit).
(a, priv., and phyllon, a leaf, leafless).
-*
<=
k
T HE difficulties connected with the adoption of the natural system of plants are these, that the characters
of many of the orders are at present imperfectly known, and that they depend upon a consideration of imany
points of structure which are not to be determined without much labor and a considerable degree of practical
skill in the use of the microscope and the dissecting knife. But the facilities which the habit of viewing all
natural bodies with reference to the relations they bear to other bodies, and not as insulated individuals
merely possessing certain peculiarities by which they may be referred to some station in an artificial system,
ultimately gives to the investigations of the naturalist, are so great, that difficulties of the nature just alluded
to ought not to be suffered to influence the botanist in determining which line of study he will follow,
whether that pointed out by Linnaeus, or that traced by the hand of nature. By the artificial system of
Linnaeus, indeed, no great difficulty exists in determining the number of stamens or styles possessed by a given
plant, or the nature of their combination, and from the knowledge so obtained, in referring them to their
class and order in the Linnaean system. But when this step has been gained, what more has been acquired
than the bare knowledge that the plant in question possesses a certain number of stamens and styles? No
ible notion can be formed of the relation it bears to other plants of the same nature, of the qualities
t probably possesses, or of the structure of those parts not under examination, the fruit for example; and,
finally, if it were wished to convey an idea of the plant, to a stranger, no means would be in the possession of
the Linnaean botanist of doing so, except by stating that the plant belonged to Pentandria Monogynia for
example, which is stating nothing. But what would be the condition of the student of the natural affinities
of plants in a similar case? It is true he would be obliged to consult more characters than the two uninfluen
tial ones of Linnaeus-it would be necessary to ascertain if his subject was Vascular or Cellular; if Vascular,
whether it was Monocotyledonous or Dicotyledonous; if Dicotyledonous, whether the leaves were opposite or
*-*-----
1052
alternate, stipulate or exstipulate, whether the flowers were mon

lous, polypetalous, or apetalous, the
nature and station of the stamens, the condition of the ovarium, and so on. But when he has ascertained
thus much, only let it be remembered, for a moment, how much he has gained indirectly as well as directly.
Perhaps he has discovered that his plant belongs to Rubiaceae; he will then have learned that all vegetables
with opposite entire stipulate leaves, and a monopetalous superior corolla, are also Rubiaceous; if a fragment
of the leaves and stem only of such a plant were afterwards submitted to him for examination, he would
recognise its affinities, and remember that it was Rubiaceous, and being aware of that fact, he would be able
safely to infer that its calyx and corolla would be of a particular nature, that if the roots afforded any color
for dying, it would be red; that the medicinal properties of the bark, if any, would be tonic, astringent, and
felirifugal, and that its seeds would be of the same nature as those of coffee, and finally, its geographical
position would be tolerably certain to him.
The really important obstacle which exists in the way of acquiring this kind of knowledge, is undoubtedly
the want of any introduction to the study of it, accompanied by the distribution and characters of the
natural orders into which plants are divided. It is to be hoped that English readers at least will not long
have to regret this deficiency in their elementary works. In this place, it must suffice to point out the
characters upon which the great divisions depend, under which the orders themselves are arranged; and it is
to be hoped, that even this small aid will be found to smooth the way, and to remove some of the obstacles
that at present are supposed to exist at the very threshold of the temple.
Plants considered with reference to their general structure, are separated into two grand divisions called
CE1. Lt LAREs and Vasculaars.
The Cellulares answer to the Linnaean Cryptogamia, and are also called Acotyledonous;, the Vasculares
answer to the rest of the Linnaean system, which is sometimes called Phanerogamia and Cotyledonous.
a,
5,
c,
d,
e,
Longitudinal section of a stem.

Transverse section of a stem.
Stern of a moss, with leaves and theca, or seed-case.
Leaf of a moss, magnified.
Leafy thallus of a lichen, with sluields.
f, Crustaceous thallus of a lichen, with shields.
'':
, Fungi of the
dignity.
Fungi of the lowest rank.
A, Conferva magnified.
# i,
CELLULAREs, CRYPTodaMous, or AcoryLEposous plants are all, therefore, different terms denoting the same
combination of vegetables. The first term is here adopted in preference to the others as expressing the most
obvious character upon which the division depends, namely, the cellular, not vascular, structure of the plants
composing it. Cellular plants are formed entirely of cellular tissue (fig. 1.), without woody fibre or spiral
vessels; or in more familiar terms by having no veins in their leaves if foliaceous, and not forming wood;
they also are destitute of perfect flowers. The lower tribes, such as Fungi and Algae, are destitute of leaves:
and in some points approach the animal kingdom so nearly as to be scarcely distinguishable. In the highest
tribe, Ferns, apparent veins are formed in the leaves; but as they are imperfectly supplied with '
vessels, they cannot be considered more than analogous to the veins of other plants. Ferns, however, hold
the intermediate station between Cellulares and Vasculares, and are chiefly retained among the former on
account of their perfect accordance in other respects. In the whole of Acotyledones, it is unnecessary to
examine the seed for the purpose of determining whether it has one cotyledon, several cotyledons, or none,
the structure of the perfect plant giving the most obvious and satisfactory evidence.
|
|
III,
* Vertical section of a vascular stem.

", woody fibre.
- Spiral vessel
o, Leaf of a dicotyledonous plant.

p, Leaf of a monocotlyedonous plant.
1053
Vascolases, Phenoaa Mots, or Corvleboxous plants, are also separated into two great classes called
Endogenes or Monocotyledones, and Exogenes or Dicotyledones, both which are distinguished as accurately
by their obvious physical structure as they are by the munute and obscure peculiarities of the seed. They are
al formed with cellular tissue, woody fibre, and spiral vessels (fig.2), and their leaves are traversed by veins;
the last character is sufficient for practical purposes, if it is remembered that they also bear perfect flowers,
(that is, flowers furnished either with stamina, or pistillum, or both, which will always prevent their being
confounded with the highest tribes of Cellulares.
1, Transverse section of a monocotyledonous stem.

t, Section of a germinating embryo of a grass, to show the two
*, Germination of a monocotyledonous - d.
alternate cotyledons of un-rual size, the bac- and front lo
, section of ditto, to show the cotyledon remaining in the repre-ent the -, the middle lite is the Pumula.
w, stern and leaves of a monocotyledonous plant.
-ta.
Endogenes, or Monocotyledonous plants, are the first remove from Cellulares, and hold an intermediate rank
between them and Erogenes or Dicotyledonous plants, in which vegetation acquires its highest form of deve
lopement. They were formerly characterised by having a single cotyledon, but this circumstance is not only
not absolute but difficult of determination, except after minute analysis. The real difference in the seed of
them and Dicotyledones is this, that in Monocotyledones there is only one Cotyledon fig... sh; or, if two, that
they are alternate with each other it, while in Dicotyledones they are always opposite, and more than one,
sometimes several, as in Pinus fig. 4. v). The physiological structure of the two classes is, however, that by
which they are familiarly distinguished, and exhibits a beautiful proof of the harmony that exists between the
great features of vegetation and their first principle, the seed from which they originate. In Endogenes, or
Monocotyledones, there is no distinction between wood and bark fig 3, 7', in Erogenes, or Dicotyledones, the
wood and bark are distinctly separated (fig. 4. v. In Monocotyledones the wood and cellular tissue are mixed
together without any distinct annual layers of the former being evident; in Dicotyledones the wood and
cellular tissue have each their particular limits assigned them, a distinct layer of the former being annually
deposited. In Monocotyledones there are no radiations from the medulla to the bark; in Dicotyledones the
radiations are distinctly marked. In Monocotyledones there is generally no articulation between the leaves
and the stem, while in
the leaves are always jointed with the stem from which they fall off,
leaving a scar behind. In Monocotyledones the veins of the leaf pass in parallel lines from the base to the apex,
in Dicotyledones they diverge from the midrib towards the margin at various angles; in the former they are
unbranched, the principal veins being connected by nearly simple secondary veins; in the latter they are much
branched, ramifying in many directions, and giving the surface of the leaf a netted appearance.
b'n'
e, Transverse section of a dicotyledonous stem.

*, An embryo with two cotyledons.
r, An embryo with four cotyledons.
v, An embryo with many cotyledons.
*, Stem and leaves of a dicotyledonous plant.
Such are the very obvious distinctions of the two great classes of Phaenogamous, or flowering, plants; and
so far is it from there being any necessity for dissecting a seed in order to ascertain its structure, that this
point is one of the most easy determination, and about which there cannot be in one case in five hundred the
slightest cause of doubt or difficulty. It is almost impossible to take even a morsel of a plant in the hand
without instantly being in possession of the knowledge of the structure of its seed, with respect to the
cotyledons.
Thus far have we advanced without a single obstacle to impede us. In all farther investigation no greater
degree of knowledge or application is requisite than what ought to be possessed by every one who would be
able to ascertain the genus of a plant. Many of the orders do not depend upon the minute characters of the
seed so much as is believed; the structure of the ovarium and position of the ovula, are aids which frequently
make amends for the absence of fruit: and the nature of the foliage and inflorescence are guides which,
though sometimes treacherous, are often as faithful as the fructification itself. But as it is not intended to
give the characters of the orders in this place, neither is it necessary to advance farther in an explanation of
the manner of determining them; upon that point each order would require a particular note. It may, how
1054
ever, be confidently believed, that there are no greater impediments in the road to an acquaintance with the
natural relations of plants than those that have been already removed; and that although neither the science
of botany, nor any other science, is to be taken by storm, yet that the fortress is sure to be reduced by silent
and patient approach.
It only remains to explain briefly upon what principles the names of the orders, suborders, &c. are formed.
It is usual, in the school of Jussieu, to give to a natural order a name derived from that of the genus which is
understood to be the t
of the order; as Ranunculaceae from Ran(inculus, Rosaceae from Rsa, and so on.
But several deviations from this principle had been admitted by Jussieu, in favor of certain groups of plants,
long known by other popular names, derived from certain peculiarities, such as Labiatae, because their co
rollas are labiate; Compositae, because their flowers are what is commonly called compound; Guttiferae, on
account of the resinous juice in which they abound, and some others. It would, perhaps, have been better,
if uniformity in nomenclature had not thus been sacrificed to a dread of innovation; but it is now too late to
remedy the evil, if such it be; nor would the advantage of alteration be at this day equivalent to the inconve
nience. For the purpose of
at once apparent, whether, in speaking of a group of plants, reference
is had to an order or a suborder, it has of late years been thought convenient to terminate the name of the
natural order in aceae, and of the suborder in eae. Thus, in speaking of the whole mass of which Ranunculus
is the representative, the word Ranunculaceae is used; but in speaking of the particular division, or suborder,
of which Ranunculus forms a part, the term Ranunculeae is employed. This manner of speaking is, however,
at present, very partial in its application, and is of little importance, except in a few cases, of which Ranuncu
laceae is one of the most striking examples. In those orders, the titles of which, necessarily, from their gram
matical construction, end in eae, as Orchideae, it is obviously inapplicable, without a total change in a great
part of the nomenclature of natural orders, a measure which cannot be too much deprecated.
It may, perhaps, be finally expected, that these remarks should be concluded by a recommendation of some
work, from which those who are anxious to become fully acquainted with the principles and distinguishing
characters of the Natural System of Botany, may derive the necessary information. Unfortunately, however,
such a work has at present no existence. M. Decandolle's Thorie Elmentaire de la Botanique explains the
principles upon which the orders of plants are constituted; and M. de Jussieu's Genera Plantarum contains
their characters, as determined in 1789: but the latter is now too obsolete to be very useful to the tyro. In
our own language, the only work that can be consulted upon the subject with advantage, is the Flora Scotics
of Professor Hooker, in which the characters of the natural orders of Scottish plants are concisely indicated
by Mr. Lindley. We understand a work upon the subject is in preparation by the latter gentleman, by which
this great desideratum in the science of Botany will be supplied. It may be expected to appear in the
course of 1829, previously to which, however, the division Botany, in the forthcoming. Encyclopdia of Na
# History will have been published, in which much information may be expected upon this important
subject.
I. WASCULARES.
Class I.
DICOTYLEDONES.
Subdivision I.
DICHLAMYDEAE.
This subdivision comprehends all the Dicotyledonous plants, that have both a calyx and corolla, by which
they are distinguished from Monochlamydeae, in which the calyx only exists. It is in consequence of this
high developement of the floral envelopes, that the greater part of flowering trees and shrubs are found in
Dichlamydeae, it rarely happening that those with a single floral covering only have any brilliant coloring.
Subclass I. THALAMIFLORAE.
Petals inserted into the receptacle.

The insertion of the
and stamens into the receptacle is the great
character of this subclass, which,
therefore, contains all the polyandrous plants of Linnaeus, as the Calycidora contain the icosandrous genera of
the same botanist.
Section 1.
Carpella numerous, or stamens opposite the petals.

Order I.
RANUNCULACEAE.
The greater part of the plants of this order are objects of interest with gardeners, containing, as it does, many
of the most eiegant or showy of the tribes of hardy plants. It is here that the graceful Clmatis, the lowly
Anemne, the glittering Ran(inculus, and the gaudy Paeony are found; differing, indeed, in external appear;
ance, but combined by all the essential characters of the fructification. It i. remarkable, however, that the acrid
and venomous properties of these plants are nearly as powerful as their beauty is great They are all caustic:
and in many of them the deleterious principle is in dangerous abundance M. Decandolle remarks, that
its nature is extremely singular; it is so volatile, that, in most cases, simple drying in the air or infusion in
water is sufficient to destroy it: it is neither acid nor alkaline, but its activity is increased by acids, honey,
sugar, wine, or alcohol; and it is, in reality, destructible only by water. The crowfoots of our European Pas
tures, and the Anemnes trilobta and triternta, of those of South America, are well known poisons of cattle,
Blistering plasters are made in Iceland of the leaves of Ran(inculus cris. The foliage of some species of
Clmatis is supposed to afford the means employed by beggars of producing artificial ulcers. Some of the
Aconites are diuretic, especially Naplius and Cmmarum. "Delphinium Consolida is said to be an ingredient
in those French cosmetics which are so destructive of the surface of the skin. The Hellborus, famous in
classical history for its drastic powers, and the Niglla, celebrated in ancient housewifery for its aromatic seeds,
which were used for pepper before that article was discovered, are both comprehended in Ranunculaceae. The
range of this order, in a geographical point of view, is very extensive. A great number has been discovered in
Europe, but they are so abundant in all parts of the world that an order can scarcely be found more universally
and equally dispersed. It is singular, that, with the exception of the climbing species of Clmatis and of Xan
thorhiza, scarcely an instance occurs in Ranunculaceae of a shrubby stem.
Tribe 1.
CleMAtipeae.
Tribo 2.
ANEMoxee.
Clmatis L.
1220 Thalctrum py.
1226 Anemne W.
1228 Naravlia Dec.
1225 Heptica W en.

1241 Hydrstis W.
Tribe 3
707 Myosorus W.
RANUNCULE.F.
1233 Ran(inculus W.
708 Ceratocephalus P. S.
Tribe 4.
1231 Knowltnia Sal.

1230 Adnis L.
1232 Ficria Pers.
Hellebones.
1239 Cltha W.
1285 Isopyrum W.
1053 Garidella py.
12.34 Trilius hy.
12:37 Helleborus hy.
1286 Ernthis Sal.
1239 Coptis Sal.
1209 Niglla W.
1208 Aquilgia W.
1904 Delphinium W.
1205 Aconitum W.
[S
9-
\055
Tribe
5.
nie*.
116t Acta/* Ph.
1207 Cimicifuga Ph.
1303 Pa?nia W.
709 Xanthorhza 1.
ObdkrII.
DILLENIACE.
Pinetretplants,
almost yellow
exclusively confined
to tropical
countries.
specisa, a native
of India, is a plant
mort
noble
with
rivalling
Magnolia.Dillnia
it a green-house
well known
for large
theknowu
beauty; aofflowera,
its blossoms,
andthose
theirofaorpowerfully
fetidHibbfirtia
smell.andvolubilis
The
medical
properties
of acid
this
order
arc
scarcely
decoction
oftheir
leaves
bark
is
astringent,
used
Tor
gargles
;
and
the
juice
of theThe
fruitfoliage
of someofmany
of theofspecies
of Dillnia
is used scabrous,
in India, mixed
with
water,
as a pleasant
beverage
insamefevers.
the
species
is
extremely
whence
the
dried
leaves
arc
used
for
the
purposesworks
as fish-skin
and sand-paper in Europe; those ofTrachytlla speraareeven employed in China
for polishing
of metal
1901
Curatella W.
1306 Trachytlla
1303 ColWrtia
HibbertiaSaL
H. K.
1313 Tetrcera
L.
131*
Dillnia IV Dec.
1311
III. orMAGNOLIACEAS.
Notheironeblossoms;
is ignorantbutofthe
grandeur
ofOrder
Magnolias,
the their
delicious,
though
ofWinter's
it is leas
generally
known, medicinal
that, offrom
affinity
tocommon
thesometime*
treespower.
thatdangerous,
produce
thefragrance
bark
and
Melambo
bark,
they
possess
qualities
of
no
The
bark
offamous
all of
them
is
said
to
hare
a
bitter
flavor
without
any
astringency,
and
combined
with
a
hot
aromatic
principle.
Unitedbark,
States,andthefrom
barktheof fruit
Magnlia
glauca and
Uriodcndron
tubplfera,
is employed
forhasthesome
samereputation
purpose*In
asfortheJesuit's
of
Magnolia
acuminata,
a
tincture
is
prepared
which
removing attacks
ofrheumatism.
The fruit ofarelllicium
anistum,
is the material
whichAmerica,
flavors the
called
Magnolias
exclusively
Inhabitants
of Asia and
no liqueur
species
havingAnisette
hitherto debeenBourdeaux.
found eitherThein Europe
or in Africa.
1315 lllicium W.
1316 Liriodndron F. 1317 Magu)ia W
ISIS Michlia W.
Order
IV.theirANNONACEjE.
plantsofofthis
orderandarebyclosely
allied
to ofMagnoliace,
from
which
principally
distinguished
theTheabsence
stipula?,
the structure
anthers
and
seeds. they
Thetheare
latter
consistofofthe
a hard
mass byinof
albumen,
ruminated,
as
the
botanists
call
it,
that
is
to
say,
perforated
by
substance
seed-coat,
every direction.
They are allstraggling
trees or shrubs,
andtemperate
chiefly inhabitants
of the hottest
parts
the tropics,
but a
few
discovered
into the
zones
of America.
fruit ofof the
Annna
manyhave
speciesbeen
highly
esteemed
as anin article
for the
dessert,
especially
that ofThe
theThehard
Cherimoyer,
which
hasistheofin
reputation
of
being
the
finest
fruit
the
world,
next
to
the
Mangosteen.
fruits
of
the
species
Uvaiia
of oneanyofhardy
themspecies,
furnishand
the these
riperare
thipicum
genus
Arirmnaareis thehighly
onlyaromatic
one which; those
containa
so delicateofastheto shop*.
be seen The
very rarely
"MêOMttry-. In Brazil, the bark of Xylpia eericea iz used for cordage; for which it is admirably
121* Uvaria
1231 Guattha
ArtabV.tfTiR.R. Rr.
12S3 Xylpia
Aslmna W.Ad.
1330
Annoa W.P. S.
1333
P.
1334
The yorder
of Mcnispcrme
Order
entirely
V. of,
twining
flowers.
They are
ex
treme
dissimilar
in habit fromconsiste
the orders
which
arc
placedshrubs
near with
them,minute
and occupy
their present
station
wr nccounl
certain
minutearebutwortn
important
characters
in their
fructification.
With theof exception
scniiandra
coccneaofnone
of them
cultivating
as plants
of ornament.
The berries
I^rdixablaof
>nld in thcThe
marketsofChile,
under
nameofAguiltxxptil,
produced
Coguill- f'oelii,
accordingof
a^?'
ombrentnretravellers.
bitter,
diuretic,
and the
aperient
sorts
ofesteemed
PareiraGubogvi,
brava,
are
by a and
species
Monispermuin,
as
is
also
the
famous
Columbo
root,
so
much
for
ils
intense
bitterness,
for its
w
m iarrhcea
and dvsentcry.
The poisonousdrug,
calledare
Cocculus
the shops,febrifugal
is the seedproperties.
of Meni4*rmum
Cocculus.
Several Brazilian
species ofCocculus
said toindicus
possessinpowerful
0 *11'*" of MenispermesB is found in Europe ; they are chiefly natives of tropical America and Asia.
*g Schizndra
WendlindiaW.W.
3100 Cocculus
Menieprmum
3116 Cissmpelos Dec.
1973
2101
Dec. D.
Order
.hri.*w,,mconImillus,
,'"' exception ofherbaceous
Berbers thisplants
order
doesVI.notBERBERIDE.X.
contain
any genus
of much
interest ; most
of the others
; Nandina
is anwithelegant
Japanese
all
runs, pi much beauty and
interest, especially
the species
pinnated
leaves,shrub.
whichThe
are Berberises
sometimesare
called
J
lhete are all inhabitants either of Europe, Asia, or North and South America; none have ever
nirnriTV11 :nctt or New S**"1" wl- Many of the finest species from Chile and Indiayet remain to be
n the iUitn and baric"*6* f * **"**" are acid and astringent ; the latter quality is especially abundant
|7 Epimdium IV.
826 Caulophyllum Mich.
829 Berbers W.
835 Lentice W.
827 Diphylleia Mich.
830 Nandina W.
. to the 1,
Order
VII. plants,
PODOPHYLLACE*.
i thl
ntE'"?''"8
American
nearly relatedis held
on theto beonepurgative.
hand to Nympheeace, and,
">e otner,
herbaceous North
genera
of Bcrberidese.
Theirjuice
1166 Podophyllum W.
896 Jeflersonia Ph.
T.. 1 difffc" from Nymphwacese
Obdr VIII.in having
HYDROPELTIDE.
definite plants
numberofofseeds.
It consists
only two
lUthLbk
Ci)ntninm,t
*ingle species.chiefly
Both arc littlea floating
tropical and
northernofAmerica.
,l>ng is known
of theirproperties.
1340 Hydropeltis H.
. ^ ihe re a" floating plants,
Ordkr IX. toNYMPHÂCEX.
tfaiit
gardeners,
greatliliesinterest,
the
><h
\*. va,nt,ue hues of their flowersand,Three
specie* arepossessed
known asof the
of ouronownaccount
streamsof and
din
iri?
?
similar
stations
in
other
countries.
Some
ofthe
Indian
species
of
M-mphse'a
rr"rill't-whicn
The "bound*
holy Cyamus,
or Pythagorean
beanofoftheantiquity,
is theitsproduce
Selum'Im asa i,an 'yfa?uatic'
in all the
hotter countries
East, where
roou ofarethefrequently
itsaftf-r
alumJ
of food.Pancarpia
The ditches,
about
Pckin hard,
and other
Chinese
cities,
are literally
choaked
ngh>
h,
or
beans
are
oblong,
smooth
bodies,
and
possess
the
power
of
vege-up
inn P i*"" nried
thirtyand
years.antiaphrodisiacal
The Rowers andqualities,
roots ofwhich
the common
while Nymphe*
r"<l douhftie,eVrnted
for for
tlielrcvor>
Native
are, however,
now con-a
i the wer
Inn narkAof Swwlen>
'n years of scarcity, the roots of Nphar ltea are pounded into cakes along
Pmu* sylvestris.
1056
This order has been the cause on much difference among botanists, as to its true station in a natural classifi
cation, its structure being of so doubtful a character as to leave room for disputing whether it belongs to
Dicotyledones or Monocotyledones. Upon this subject M. Decandolle has the following remarks: Gaertner
declares that the embryo is undivided, and therefore monocotyledonous. In 1802, I remarked in the Bulletin
Philomathique, that the embryo both of Nymphaea and Nphar is enclosed in a peculiar integument, and that
a dicotyledonous structure is apparent ' that integument is removed; shortly after, M. Mirbel declared
that the embryo of Nelambium has two thick cotyledones; in 1806, M. Turpin gave an accurate description
of the fruit of Nelambium lteum, without however removing the doubts about the real structure of the
embryo, and two years afterwards his colleague, M. Poiteau, described the seed and germination of the same
plant, pointing out that the embryo consisted of two thick cotyledons enclosed within a stipular membrane, but
destitute of radicula: this was subsequently confirmed by M. Mirbel after very minute anatomical examin
ation; that observer compared the seed of Nelmbium to the seed of Amygdalus, and also to that of Piper
and Saurarus, and also demonstrated that the structure of the stem was analogous to that of exogenous or
dicotyledonous plants. A very different opinion was shortly afterwards held by M. Correa de Serra, an observer
of the highest order, who admitted indeed that Nymphaeaceae are exogenous, but contended that the parts
which had been taken by previous observers for cotyledons were, in fact, a mere expansion of the radicle,
and that cotyledons were as entirely absent in Nelumbium as in Cscuta. In the meanwhile M. de Jussieu
adhered to the old opinion, that Nymphaeaceae are monocotyledonous; in which he was
by the late
Professor Louis Claude Richard, a name for ever memorable in the annals of Carpology, who published a new
view of their structure, in which he differed materially from all his predecessors; this botanist considered the
stipulary membrane of Poiteau a simple cotyledon, and the cotyledons of that writer the hypoblastus, or body
of the radicula; he also refused to admit any evidence derived from the anatomical structure of the stem. In
this conflict of opinions, I have determined to station Nymphaeaceae among Exogenes, for the following
reasons: 1st, because the structure of their stem is that of Exogenes rather than of Endogenes; 2dly, because
the two opposite bodies, enclosed within the little bag or stipulary membrane, described by Poiteau, appear to
be undoubtedly cotyledons, which is confirmed by the presence of a plumula between them in Nelambium;
3dly, because of the structure of their flower, which has a great affinity with that of Paeonia, Magnolia, and
Papver; 4thly, on account of the similarity between their fruit and stigma and that of Papver, 5thly
because of their milky juice and convolute leaves, two characters which are not known to exist among Endo
genes Those who are interested in pursuing this curious discussion any farther, will find many remarks and
illustrative figures in the English edition of the Analyse du Fruit, published by Mr. Lindley in 1819.
1174 Nymphaea W.
1176 Nphar H. K.
Section 2.
1177 Euryale H. K.
1213 Nelmbium J.
Carpella solitary or connate, Placenta parietal.

ORDER X.
PAPAVERACEAE.
These plants are better known for their medicinal properties than for their beauty. Some of them are the
common pests of corn fields, and with grain have been disseminated over all the world. Sanguinaria is a meat
little American plant well known for its crimson juice, and the emetic purgative powers of its roots. Sara
cennia is a genus of very doubtful affinity; consisting of curious little American marsh plants of difficult culture:
and
remarkable
singular
pitcher-like
of order,
its leaves.
The in
peculiar
power ofdegree
the poppy
as isinwell
known,
narcotic;fora the
property
which
pervadesform
all the
although
a less intense
in allis,
than
the
officinal P. somniferum, from which exclusively the drug opium is obtained. The Mexicans use the expressed
oil of the seeds of Argemme mexicana for polishing furniture.
1170 Papver W.
1168 Rmria Med.
1172 Argemne W.
1073 Boccnia I.
1165 Sanguinria W.
1169 Glaucium J.
1167 Chelidniuin W.
1171 Meconpsis Wig.

ORDeR XI.
313 Hypcoum W.
? 1173 Saracnia W.
FUMARIACEAE.
Tender herbs, with finely cut leaves and annual stems, abounding in a watery juice; without any appear:
ance of milkiness. They are reckoned slightly diaphoretic and aperient, but their medical propert* *
trifling.
theypart
were
combined
which
theycooler
are now
d:till:
guished. Formerly
The greater
of them
are with
nativesPapaveraceae,
of hedges or from
thickets
in the
partsuniversally
of the northern
hemisphere; two are natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Many of the species are beautiful ornaments of the
flower-garden.
1502 Corydalis pent.
1503 Cysticapnos W en.
1504 Diclytra Dec.

1505 Adlmia Raf.
1506 Sarcocpnos Dec.
1507 Fumria P.S.
ORDER Xll. CRUCIFERME.
The importance of this order to mankind, and the singular nature of its botanical characters, I'
expedient to speak very fully upon it: in which the remarks of the learned M. Decandolle, who has
Crucifera particular attention, will be chiefly followed. The order consists wholly of annual or perennial,
often biennial herbs, occasionally assuming a suffrutescent habit; then, however, never exceeding the height
of three feet. The roots are either thick and perennial, or annual or biennial and slender, almost always ter.
pendicular and undivided. The young roots are tipped with a little sheath, called the colourhiza, which is
produced by the extended ruptured coat of the epidermis when the rootlet first appears. This is a curious
character, and deserves attention. The stems are round or somewhat angular, branched, and often, even in
the
species,
indurated
the base.
proceed
from the
axillie
of thesometimes
leaves, butthethetermind
i
mostannual
ones are
abortive
in mostatcases.
The The
race branches
es are always
opposite
to the
leaves;
branch
is abortive when the raceme appears to be terminal; but this is merely owing to that
The leaves are simple, generally radical or alternate, rarely opposite. The flowers are either white, yellow,
or
purple,
or pod
in acontaining
"few"Capemany
species
bright
blue. aThe
fruit ispod
called
either aone
siliqua
or silicula,
the w
being a linear
seeds,
the latter
roundish
containing
or very.**
seeds,
:
this order, which is the same as the Linnaean class Tetradynamia, is divided by Linnaeus into two parts, ca
Siliquosa and Siliculosae. In the seed, the radicle and cotyledons are applied to each other in different ways,
from which the suborders of M. Decandolic derive their characters. "When the edge of the cotyledons is
ressed close to the radicula, so that a cross section would be thus O = , the cotyledons are said to :
as in all Pleurorhizeae; when the side of the cotyledons is pressed to the radicula thus Q. 11, the :
are called incumbent, as in 'Notorhize e if the cotyldons are incumbent, and at the same time half fol.
together
conduplicate,
thus so
O>
the suborder
Orthoplocca'
the
:
incumbentor and
spirally twisted,
that>a,section
would resemble
this Ois ||formed;
||, theywhen
constitute
the su :
-
Spriote: and finally, when the cotyledons are incumbent, and doubled twice in their length, thus O ||
we have Diplecolobca.
|| il,
nd
The whole order is preeminently European; 166 species are found in the north and middle of Europe, :
178 on the sea-shores of the Mediterranean; 45 are found between Mogadore and Alexandria: '' n
countries of the East, that is to say, Syria, Asia Minor, Tauria, and Persia; 99 in Siberia; *... " China, : t
and Cape;
India;'9 16
Holland2 and
the South
Sea2 islands;
6 in the
Mauritius
adjacent
countries
#
the
in intheNew
Canaries;
in Saint
Helena;
in the West
Indies;
41 in and
South
America
: 48 in 'N
America; 5 in Kamtchatka and the bordering islands; and finally, 35 are, common to several parts o the
globe.
it appears
that there
are reference
about 100to
species
in the
hemisphere,
about
800 ' id
northernFrom
: or, this
if they
are considered
with
the zones
ofsouthern
temperature,
205 are and
native:
of the #
zone of the northern hemisphere; 30 of the whole of the tropics; 548 of the temperate zone of the northern
Hemisphere; and 86 of the southern. The forty-first degree of north latitude may be considered the cquar
10.57
lorial line; ofCrucifre,
about
half
heilig
foundsome
uii oneformsidethe
of it,vegetation
and h ill onabout
the other.
Their
station
is very
variable
many
inhabit
open
sandy
places,
the
limits
of
the
perpetual
mows of lofty mountains, and many follow the footsteps of man through all pnits of the world.
The
qualities
of the turnip,
the
radish,consists
the rape,
and the
cabbage,highandantiscorbutic
its multiformpowers.
varieties,
are
11
welluseful
Theupongreater
part ofacrid
the order
of plant
possessing
Those
appear
toknown.
depend
aabundant
certain
volatile
oilymustard
principle,
the
chemical
nature ofwhich
istheimperfectly
known.
It
isparticularly
In
the
seeds
of
and
the
roots
of
horseradish,
and
leaves
Lepidiutn
latifnlium,
which
Utter exercise
a inviolent
influenceof the
uponscurvy-grnse
the organsandofthedigestion
Theradish,
sent*of
suit
of
acrimony,
but
in
less
degree,
is
found
the
herbage
root*
of
the
rttch from
act much
moreor mildly
when taken inwardly
when any cruciferous
plantsaare
found toofbethiseatable,
eiuter
culture
other
it iswhat
to; thus,
berender
understood
to dependtheupon
principle.
The
exciting
powerscircumstances,
of this
last,areare
the
horne-radish,
scurvyreduction
grast,
and others,acrid
remarkably
useful
asantiscorbutics
;
they
also
believed
to
possessdiuretic
and
diaphoretic
properties.
Itthesois
torootsbe ofremarked,
that
Crucifero?
are
always
eatable
when
their
texture
is
succulent
and
watery,
as
in
radish andby blanching.
the turnip, and
the leaves
of the
cabbagea greater
tribe. Ashare
further diminution
the acrid
principlethe
is asproduced
Crucifre
are said
to possess
thanabounds
anyofother
ofplantai
isspecies
apparent
inemployed
their fetidwith
smell
when
fermented.
The
embryo cither
of allofazote
the
order
intribe
oil,
whence
many
are
much
advantage
for
expressing,
for
eating
or
for
feeding
lamps.
Some
of
the
arc
extremely
beautiful
and
fragrant,
as
the
Stocks,
the
tiillyflowers,
the
Ilea.
perides,
theofCandytufts,
interesting
alpine plantaand many others. The Hutchiniias, Drabas, Cardaminas, &u are among the must
1181
Mathiola R. Br.
1382 Cheirnthua
1383
Nasturtium R.L.Dec.
Br.
1384
Leptocarp'a
Sl-bordhk I. PLEURORHIZEM. 0 =
1385
NotceraaTribe
Br.1. Ababiob.
1390 Pirrya
A'rabiaR.L.Br.
1302 Cardmino
L.
1386 Braia
Barbarea
R.. Br.
1388
Pteroneiiron
1387
131
Macropdium
R. Br. 1303
134 Dentaria
L. Dec.
1389
TurrttUStern.
R. Br.
2. Alyssinka
1395 Lunria
L.
1399 Vesicria
AubritiaTribe
Adant.
1402 Clypeola
1405 Drba
1396
Rictia L.Turr.
1+00
Lam.
1403
Peltria W.. Br.
IH
Erphila/.. Dec.
7
Fartetla
1401
Alfssum
L.
1404
Petrocllie
1407
Cochleria
U
138 Bextera Dec
Tribe
a Thlaspide*.
1408 Thlspi
L. . Br.
1411 Teeadlia
1413 Bitcutlla L.
1410
Hutchiiuia
1412
Iberia L. . .
1414 Euddium . Br. Tribe 4. Euclidien.
1415 Ochthodium Dec
Tribe 5. .
1416 Anaattica L.
1417 Cakilfl . Tribe 6. AKiLix.,*:.1419 Chorspora Dec.
Suboder II. NOTORHIZEM. II
Tribe
SisTMBRiR-C
1420
Malcmia
R.
Br.
14227.Alliria
Sisymbrium
L.
1424 Erysimum U
1421 Hesperia L.
1423
Adam.
1425 Caraelina Crantz Tribe 8. .
1426 Nalia Des.
7 CoTnopui Sm.
1428 Lepdium Tribe
L. 9. Lbpioine.
1409 Capslla Mnch.
1429 thionma . Kr
Tribe 10. Ibstidb.1431 M?agrum L.
1430 Isatis /,.
Suborder 111. ORTBOPLOCEM. > >
TribeMoricandia
II. Br*shick.
1432 Sinpia
BrAssicaL.L.
1434
Dee.
143 Erca Toura.
1433
1435
DiplotaxU Dec.
1137 Vlla Z
TribeCarrichtra
12. Velle*.
1438
Adant.
1439 Succwia Miincli.
Tribe 13. Zille. 1441 Calcpina Adan.%.

1440 Zilla Forsk.
Tribe
14. Raphane.
442 Crmbe W
1418 RapUtrum
Detv.
1443 Raphnnm h
Suborder IV. SPIROLOBEM. O II II
Tribe 15. Bi'Niadea
1444 Biiiai L.
Tribe 16. RCCA RLE.
1445 Eruciria Gcurtn.
^twJBDERV. DIPLECOLOBEAS. II II II
Tribe 17- Hbliophiufa
1446 Heliophlla L
3Y
1058
Tribe I. Situ-larie.*.
1447 SubuISria /..
s 0/ doubtful sialism.
1J80 Schizoptalon Sms.
Order XIII.
FLACOURTIANE-E.
A very small order formerly eompnsed
in Tiliceas.
It is remarkable on account of the strurturfof
fruit,
to theofinner
lining of whichThetheberries
seeds arc
attached ujioii
a branrhedareplacenta.
Nothing- siiowion
properties
the Flacourtias
of Flacoirtia
ltamonlchi
eaten in Madagascar,
consists entirely of small tropical trees or bushes.

810S Flacortia IF.
These are nearly related to Crucifera*,OBnE

of theXIV.
properties
of which they partake. Many prrttj
especially Cleome rsea, anil the various species ot Crata/va. The common caper is an elegant ,nllV ' ',.,
able
for
iu
large
white
flowers
and
long
purple
stamens.
arc found .-..m-ron-nia
) in, . i-', ' L
of the world. The dfflereot kinds of Cnpparis are reputedThev> species
1- MiinuUmi.',
The
bark
of
the
root
of
the
common
caper
passes
for
a
diuretic
medicine.
Several
"JgSJi
acrid
taste,aswhich
has been
compared
by travellers
mustard.an The
rootspriici
of te-.me
na ,
employed
a vermifuge
in the
United States
; and theto that
leavesof produce
inflammation
ot messi
Captarla IT. as a sinapism. Dec.
1086 Crata/va IF.
144S Ciedme IF.
they are usedUK
in Cochin-china
XV. VIOLARIEA5.
This is one of the most favorite ordersOeder
with gardeners;
consisting, as it chiefly does, of Ibe^^
from which
mostareof remarkable
the others arc
recentperfume,
dismemberments.
Tne greater
partrnlors.
are andntray-nI ""^"a
some
of
which
for
their
others
for their
brilliant
Theyare natives of the temperate orcold zones ofboth
hemispheres,
often growingid
gnu in 1 ,;' ;,, ,
sen.
Among
them
is
a
tribe
called
Alsodmeie.
consistinc.
"f
sutlridex-eiit
tro|>i.al
|o,n.
been introduced into the gardens ofthis country. The attention of collectors should- ne; "i.iris , , ^...^ the shrubby
Violacsinoftheir
Irazil,roots,
somewhich
of which
possess
great interestnodicalw
I'"" , mOT
are
found
principally
appear
tOofpossess,
in allviolet.
cases,Theeinclu
fegesl
less
degree.
One
of
the
l|.ecacuanhas
is
the
root
a
Brazilian
MIhsiaiu
'
n
lhc
]'J4'^
oliservations u|kiii the affinities of the Violarieie : They arc very nearly akin. Be""" unikr*i
and
and especially
to theandPassifloren..
From thefmni
firstDroseracra
they arc by tBC"J|
" ,lrk> iie>
fruit,llroseraeeie,
leaves furnished
with leave*,
stipules
two-celledof which
anthers;
eoed
embryo
and stipulate
the vernation
is involutive,
not circuate. r . lzsntoeelW
[lca. isllei. i"
diner
in their being
fruit being
capsular,notnotperigynous
berried;; Inin their
their anthers
albumenbeing
betel"WrJSSSrauW**!*?1
their stamens
hvpogynous,
attached nions n
laytoa*
fixed
by theirin middle
; finally,
stigmas beingborders
one anduponnotPolygale*
three. 1onheaccount
gin > ' , t .
Passifloreniu twining
stem,inandtheir
Hymeiianthcra
pericarpium with
. .
541 solitary
lonidiumpendulous
FeM. seeds. 540 Viola IF.
WS***
Order
XVI.
POLYGALE^.
ri
ncr ran for*"irJ
Most of the plants of this order arc interesting, and deserving the attention of the gay ^
neatness,
some
for
their
bcautv,
and
some
tor
their
use
in
medicine.
They
are
tuns
(
are
citheror low
herbaceous
plants,a dwarf,
oCCaaionallj
less than
antoa
inchtall,in graceful,
height !
pfirea),
shrubs
from
rigid, spins'
' :I".-. '''" irlll,
:iim(Si'"
are remarkable
forvarying
the union
of their stamens
intohabit,
a single
body, their on.c.
,, ,
I
pore, and
their
irregular
flriwers,
one of which
is ofteniskeoUhapcd,
and
Ij'.o tunmm i ^^ r,n,SlId
leaves
have
generally
a
bitter
astringent
taste,
which
much
more
abundan
,,,,,
m
acrid anil somewhat resinous flavour : these properties are particular!! sensible "
|,-l> il "" ,_
a sudorific, diuretic, si.ilagogue, cathartic, or mihi emetic, according to * Mnn" ;,, a- 1
tered.is particularly
The Velhoiused
of South
Am^tlM^tn^^>*^^mi"/X'^^Z
and
as aorder,
remedy
dysentery.powerful
The welltonic
knownandItalians',
er " .
produce
of a plant of this
andfor possesses
astringent
analysis ofa trench chemist, it contains gallic acid, but neither tannin nor resta.
second*1'
1304 Folfgala IF.
1509 Murltia Keck. 1510 Mundia A'aaA
Order XVII. DROSERACE.il
,s , ,|| ,KV
The order of sun-dews is a small group of plants, natives of marshes or mum:'| , ,r |,.ri "
ecratc
parts
ofthe
The
,,h"c areOnly
very remarkable
for the
ahumlami
Tary-J,
all
the
partsrolled
of theupworld.
fnliage
are covered.
socios are
ill any
;;1 >" meoid"
' .'',.,
' , 14<rtie"*"
are
always
in the eireinate
manner, so two
remarkable
in fems.
Ibeir
trifling : the leaves have the power ofcurdling milk.
, ,,.
702 Dr6er, IF.
1009 '
Order XVIII.
BIXINEJE.either ^ ejW
IV J
The iilants of this order arc few in number,
and not remarkable
llina
known forof the
producing
called purgative
in the shopsandArndt
' " ^'mkn0.
,11 , ui ,
cheeae;is chiefly
the properties
Amottathearcseedslightly
stomal im..
trtvs, and mostly tropical. Azaras, Chilian shrobs with fragrant flowers, a.
1178BIMF.
ll-DProcliat
of Europe.
OaoaaXIX. CISTINE
,lit** ^,3
The
rock rosesanoof p..,irui.ir]y
our gardens well
give ancalculate
accurateforideacovering
of Ibis "0",
T|)t speri"
^!.
are
all common
ye,, ornament,,!,
Il-l.anthemum
have Leon multipliisl by Dunal
ill an extravagant
mainm.ir,k.
a- ' T|,r. ,||
pan W>
.'"' ; , , r
re kinds
nativesofofClstu.
most;parts
of the world
in drypc.fume w hen
< l""**
uicenlham.
,,:o""ce They
of some
it exhale,
a fragrant
wc and stomachic properties.
. oyo Leches"Ibttl HudaOnia \
1197 Ciatui J. 11SS Hcliinthcntum J.
io.*9
Section 3. Ovarium tolUaiy. l'lnccnta central.
Onu XX.
CARYOPHTLLEJE.
consist
of herbu or low
undcrshrubs,
inhabiting
mountains
and pastures
of nilAmerica.
parts of the
InThese
Europeweeds,
and Siberia
Cerastiums,
((articularly
abundant,
andtheothers.
least
soSeveral
in Alrica
andSil-nes
South
Manyworld.
arc
common
as mostthey
ofthe
Spcrgulas,
and
ofthe
are
very
ornamental,
and
among
the
Arcnrias
arc
to
be
found
some
dwarf
species
of
considerable
elegance.
But
it
is
in
Dinthuj
that the
of iheandorder
consists :ofthis
* is From
almosttheunrivalled
the brilliancy
ofofUthecolors,
the
ness
of itspride
foliage,
perfume
itsareflowers.
finest
of for
its sjiecies
orderhave
has neat
been
derived.
The
virtuesantieyplnlitic
oftheCaryophyllea'
slight.
S.L]>onria
ollicinhs,
andisrepuied
onetheortitletwo
others,
praised
for
possessing
properties
;
the
root
of
Silne
virginina
anthelmintic;
andbeen
the
Arenaria peploides, being fermented, is used by the Icelanders for food.
TribCCuelolus
1. SlLENEA
1044 Dianthus
GypV.philaIKIK
1017
L,
lOfifi
Agrostmma IK
1046
1(HS
Silne
604
1045 Saponaria
W.
1067
LychnisL. W.
t7 Veh'sia
Dry>* IKIK
Tribe 2. Awi.vK.fi.
Ortcgia W.IK
931 Eltinc
70
Sprgula
IK
1(150 Ccrastium
Arenaria IK
5111 BurVonia
S25
Mollugo IKIK IK.
1089 Stellria
Larbrca St.HU.
108
IK W.
ti91 Holosteum
Pharnceum
14
1051
Cherlcria IV.1.
Scilla
Mhringia
220
W.
AUliie W.W.
ORDP.RjustXXI.
Separated
byor inM. the
Decandolle
from
Caryophyllea?,
from I.1SK.K
which
itformed
is wellbydistinguished
Its fruitcarpelIa.
having
several
cells,
language
of thebearing
botanist
named,
being
the
cohesion
ofbyimmense
several
Most
of
the
species
arc
pretty
plants,
yellow,
blue,
or
white
flowers.
They
are
of
import
ant'between
in the world,
on account of the tenacity of their fibres when made into flax. The seed* of conmum flax
ofrel'uni,
are mucilaginous
purgative. and oily ; the leaves of Liiium catli '.rticum and L. selaginoidcs, the latter a native
701 Linum W.
321 Radiola Sm.
ObdebXXH.
FRANKENIACE.b
Distinguished
from
Carvophyllea;
by
the
fruit
not
having
a
central
placenta,
butAfrica,
hearingamitheSouth
seeds
nnAmerica.
the innerThey
margin
ofnottliemuch
valves.beauty,
Theand
species
are natives
arid separate
situations
in Europe,
havementioned
no known
medicalofproperties.
Besides
the genus
here recorded,
there
are two others
by M. Decandolle.
835 Franknia IK
XXIII.species
MALVACEJE.Allhap'a,
thisEven
ordernow,
was the
dismembered
of
Bomliacca;and
Bvftneriaccfc,
itcontained
most ofthethehollyhock
grandestbelong,
flowers
inandRefore
nature.
splendour
ofthe
various
Hibiscus,
rendersMalvaccreare
it one of theobjects
most remarkable
groupsof ofMlva,
plants. particularlythose
Withtothewhich
exception
ofthe
numerousIn
genus
Sida,
nearlyall
worthy
of
thegardener'scare,
which
are
hardy.
stovesorgreenhouse,
of theirwhich
branches
and leavesare
renderthem
peculiarly liable
attacks
red
spider, mealy bug,theandsoftness
scale, from
few collections
frei' ; a circumstance
whichto the
makes
themofthe
less
Kenerally
esteemed
than
the
surpassing
bcautv
of
many
of
them
merits.
The
greater
part
of
the
clothed *ith stellate pubescence, and a renifoVm one-celled anther is a character common to theorder
whole.is
1'hese
two
peculiarities,
together
with
the
alternate
stipulate
leaves,
distinguish
Malv.-.cc.i.
all
the
rest
Dichlamvde*.
All the esculentus,
species abound
in a ofnutritive
mucilage,
athe
quality
whichas anrenders
the young
heads Inofof
the
Ochro,
or
Hibiscus
an
object
great
value
within
tropics,
ingredient
in
soups.
the Abfitilon
csculentum
serves
the same
*.as aThe
emollient
prowrties
of Altlne'a
officinalis,
orABrasil,
Guimauve
theleaves
French,
are
well
known
to physicians,
remedy
for catarrhs
and pulmn
.ry complaints.
decoction
ofinofthe
ofcountry
Hplucrlcea
cisplatina
is used
for similar
objects
in Brazil.
A sitecics
of I'avnia
ismicriitha
employed
the
same
as
diuretic
in
the
form
of
a
decoction.
'1
he
straight
shoots
of Sida
arc occasioned
employed asbyrockct-sticKs
at wasps.
Rio Janeiro.
The chewed
leaves
ofMalvaceae
Sida carpunfolia
allay
the
inii-uiimation
the
stings
of
The
tough
fibres
of
many
are
manulactured
into
cordage.
Their
petal's
are
astringent
whence
those
of
Hibiscus
Rsa
sinensis
are
used
in
China
blacken thefurnish
eyelashes
and the cotton
leather anof sIkk-s.
fibrous importance
threads in which
seeds
of Gonv
piurowhen
areto
tnvelopttl
the valuable
article
ofThe
immense
to the the
worldcause
; these
threads
examined
by
the
microscope,
will
be
seen
to
be
finely
toothed,
w
hich
explains
the
of
their
adhering
together
with greater
thanwithout
those ofanRombnx
andofseveral
whu h cannot
be spun facility
into thread
admixture
cotton.Apocniea-, which arc destitute of teeth, and
H71 Mlope .
H76 Malichra W
7 sâ IK
1482 Rcdoula /.
1+72 Malva W.
H77 Urina IK
147 Pavi'.ni W.
I44.J Phlivti IK
W74 Altha/a IK
145 Anda Ca. ' > Hibiscus W.
14S1 > .
14,3 Kjtaibelio IK
i486 Perptera Dee.
. distinguished
the last language,
by the imbricate
activationROMBACE.E.
calvx,arcandmostly
the arrangement
of large
the stamens
OaDER XXIV.
m"n*ers,
tive sou,
or, from
in Unnan
Theof the
species
trees with
showy
and natives
of the tropics
Somebrotherhoods.
of thein are among
the largest
trees in fine
the world
; Adansonia,
the
k'nc?al.
has
been
seen
with
a
diameter
of
twenty-five
feet,
and
specimens
;l
r...ml-
teiba.au.l
t-noilimlro,,
anfractuosum*
are
not
uncommon
an
hundred
feet
in
height.
The
wood
of
all
the
s|>ecicr.
is
light
and sort, as in Malvaceae, from which this order probably does not differ in its medicinal properties.
1458 Ochroma
14!X)
! Carollnea
Carollnea IK
IKW
1466
HeikleresW.IK
UPI
A.lansnia
2ho MIne kid of Plan, RDER XXV- BYTERIaCE,e
I49S
Bomna
uno*
.
2 Pf"niJ?s
l*y^Myrdia
IV.
-- :-
-->
-- - -
1060
-= --
employed in the form of a strong decoction, as a sudorific. Walthria Douradinha contains a great deal of
mucilage, and is employed by the Brazilians as an antisyphilitic.
Tribe 1.
2036 Sterclia W.
Sterculiaceae.
2037 Heritira W.
Tribe 2. BYTTNeriese.
1608 Bubrma W.
704 Rulingia R.Br.
703 Commersnia W.
526 Buttnria W.
1607. Theobrma W.
1609 Abrma Jy.
Tribe 3.
525 Seringia Gay.
LasiopetAler.
524 Thomsia Gay.
523 Lasioptalum Sm.
Tribe 4. HeRMANNiAcER.
1456 Melchia W.
1445 Hermnnia W.
527 Avnia py.
1098 Kleinhfia
Tribe 5.
1454 Walthria W.
DombeyAcee.
1489 Ruzia W.
1467 Dombya J.
1468 Pentaptes W.
1457 Melhnia J.
Orden XXVI.
1469 Astrapae'a Lindl.

1470 Pterosprmum W.
TREMANDREAE.
A very small order containing only seven species, all small bushes, natives of New Holland, and remarkable
for the peculiar neatness of their appearance. In habit, they may be compared to heaths, with which they
Nothing is known
agree in the anthers bursting by a pore at the end.
of their properties.
879 Tetrathca Sm.

Order XXVII.
Till ACEAE.
Trees, shrubs, or herbs, in general not remarkable for their beauty, the greater part of the last being the
commonest weeds of the tropics. The Lime, from which the order derives its name, is a genus of fine trees
with fragrant flowers, and Sparmnnia and Entela are handsome broad leaved greenhouse arborescent
plants. The inner bark of Tlia is tough and separable, and supplies the material whence the Russia mats
used by gardeners and others are prepared. Crchorus olitrius is cultivated in Egypt as a kitchen-garden
vegetable; the fibres of the bark of Crchorus capsulris are twisted into fishing lines; and the roasted nuts of
the Lime tree are reported to bear some resemblance to chocolate.
1087 Triumfetta hy.
1181 Apeiba W.
1184 Muntingia W.
1100 Heliocrpus W.
1182 Sparmnnia W.
1185 Grwia W.
1180 Sloanea W.
1183 Entela R.Br.
Orden XXVIII.
1186 Tilia Jy.
1187 Crchorus W.
ELEOCARPEAE.
These differ from Tiliaceae in nothing except their lobed petals and anthers opening by two pores at the
apex.
The flowers of some of the species of Elaeocrpus are fragrant, the fruit eatable, and the hard rugose
stones manufactured into necklaces.
1192 Elaeocrpus W.
ORDER XXIX. SAPINDACE.E.
One of the distinctive peculiarities of this order consists in the petals having an additional lobe in the
inside, or a tuft of hairs instead.
Nearly all the plants have compound leaves, and bunches of white flowers;
a few of them are twining herbs, but the greater part are trees or shrubs, all natives of the warmer parts of
the world, and in a great proportion, of the East. The only genus which will bear the climate of England is
Kolreutria, a fine shrub or small tree, with panicles of white or pale yellow flowers. Nephlium and
Dimocrpus are both genera bearing excellent fruit. The rind of the berry of Sapindus saponria is of a
soapy quality, as the name of the plant indicates. The pulp of Meliccca, the arillus of Blighia spida, and
the kernel of Bertholltea and Pkea are all excellent eating.
926 Sapindus W.
832 Ornitrophe W.
887 Kolreuteria JV.
925 Cardiosprmum W.
1971 Nephlium W.
884 Meliccca W.
923 Paullinia W.
897 Dodonaea JP.
883 Dimocrpus W.
885 Blighia H. K.
924 Seriana W.
1991 Amirla Pers.
831 Cossignia Juss.
886 Metiba Aubl.
Order XXX.
HIPPOCAStANEAE.
The only genus is AEsculus, from which some botanists have divided the smooth-fruited species under the
name of Pvia. The order is much valued for the grandeur of the foliage and flowers of most of the species,
which are all hardy trees.
Their bitter fruit has sometimes been used as a sternutatory; it contains, a large
quantity of potash, and an abundance of starch. The bark is astringent, bitter, and febrifugal, and has been
recommended as a substitute for Cinchna.
866 E/sculus W.
Orpen XXXI. HIPPOCRATICEAE.

Little is known of this order. The species are tropical arborescent or climbing shrubs, with opposite simple
leaves, and small inconspicuous flowers. The genus Tonslla, of which there is none in cultivation, contains
some species known in Sierra Leone as bearing poisonous fruit.
83 Hippocrtea L.
Orper XXXII.
MARCGRAAVIACEAE.
Very curious half-climbing shrubs, all natives of hot countries. Some of them bear among the flowers,
which are large and showy, singular hollow bodies, like the pitchers of Sarracnia. The order has been well
illustrated by Professor Hooker, in the 160th article of his Exotic Flora.

1163 Marcgraavia W.
Onder XXXIII.
ACERINEAE.
Valuable trees, native of the woods of Europe, Siberia, and North America. Their flowers are in all cases
inconspicuous; the breadth and rich color of their leaves constituting their beauty. All the larger species
abound in a very saccharine sap, from which sugar is prepared in North America; it is chiefly made from
A'cer saccharinum and Negndium, but may be obtained from many others.
2143 Acer Jy.
2144 Neg(indium Dec.
Orden XXXIV.
MALPIGHIACEAE.
Undulated unguiculate spreading petals form one of the most obvious characters of this order, the species of
which are all tropical, and are either trees or shrubs, often climbers. Many of the Malpighias are
1061
for the prurient hairs produced on the surface of their leaves; their fruit is eatable, their timber of a deep
red color, and their bark a febrifuge. Their showy pink or yellow flowers, and firm neat foliage, render all
this order worthy of cultivation, except Aspicrpa, which is a weed.
1054 Malpighia hy.
1055 Banisteria W.
1056 hire a py.
1007 Gaertnera Jy.
49 Aspicrpa Rick.
onnea XXXV.
h YPERiCi'NEAE.
The whole of these abound in a resinous juice, and are in most cases glandular in some
Their leaves
are all dotted, and which is very remarkable, the dots are often black, even upon the yellow petals. These
latter have a singular obliquity, which is not indicated by their outline, but by the arrangement of their
veins. The juice just not ced as abundant in this order is yellow, viscid, rather bitter, often purgative or
anthelmintic; and so very analogous to Gamboge, that the juice of Hypercum baccatum, and some other
Guiana species, has received the name of American Gamboge. Most Hypericineae are bitter, and slightly
astringent, whence they have been used as febrifuges. A small part of the order is tropical; but in its most
genuine form it consists of herbaceous or undershrubby plants, delighting in the shade of groves and thickets
in the cooler parts of Europe and Asia. Nearly all the flowers are yellow; those of H. cochinchinense are
quil red.
1617 Hypricum W.
1618 Ascyrum W.
Onnea XXXVI.
694 Parnssia W.
GUTrif ERAE.
Trees or shrubs found in the hottest parts of the world, and well known by their thick entire
ite leaves
and resinous juice. In the countries where they grow they are of great importance. One, the Garcinia
mangostna, bears a fruit, the equal of which is supposed not to exist. The well known Gamboge is the in
spissated juice of Garcinia Gambgia, and, perhaps, other species; the juice of others is found an efficacious
vermifuge, and also a remedy for the chuggers, one of the worst pests of equinoctial America. The bark and
fruit of many Garcinias are astringent, The unripe fruits of Gras cauliflora are pickled. The flowers of all
the order being showy, the foliage good, and the properties interesting, every species deserves cultivation.
1079 Garcinia W.
1190 Mamma W.
2151 Clsia hy.
108.5 Canlla py.
1616 Xanthochymus Rarb.
1188 Gras hy.
1189 Calophyllum W.
Ondra XXXV11.
The vine is the
#: and representative of this order.
V1NIFER.E.
Cissus and Ampeiopsis differ little from it in botan
ical characters, and not at all in habit. The common grape is the only species that bears really good fruit;
the American kinds, with large fleshy berries, being spoiled by a disagreeable foxy flavor, which is not found
to be reinoved by cultivation.
501 Vitis P. S.
502 Ampelpsis W.
305 Cissus hy.
454 Leea W.
Orbea XXXIII.
GERANIACEAE.
The Gerniums are well known to all gardeners for their beauty, and the facility with which hybrid
varieties are produced among them. ... Geranium and Erdium are chiefly natives of the northern hemisphere;
and Pelarznium of the sou hern. Different as they appear from Viniferae in most respects, there are some
points in which a curious resemblance may be found between the two orders. The young stems of both are
articulated and separable at the articulations; and the lower leaves are opposite, while the upper ones are
alternate. In Geraniaceae no tendrils are produced, but the peduncles are opposite to the leaves, as in Vitis,
and occupy the place of tendrils. M. Decandolie observes, that of the true Geraniaceae, some are slightly
acid, especially those of which the leaves and bark are succulent; several exhale a resinous smell which is
sometimes agreeable, but occasionally so powerful as to be unpleasant. The resinous
is so abundant
in Gernium spinosum, that its stem burns like a torch, and exhales an agreeable perfume. The most
common property of European geraniums is to be astringent, which is chemically determined by their juice
being blackened by sulphate of iron, this is particularly remarkable in G. Robertinum and sanguineum,
which are both accounted vulnerary, and in G. moschtum, pratense, and others, in which it is united to a
slight aromatic principle, whence they have been recommended for various purposes, and among others for
removing calculous disorders. The astringent property of the geraniums is also present in G. maculatum,
which grows in much abundance about Philadelphia; the root of this plant, boiled in milk, is used for the
cholera in children. Barton is of opinion, that it would be a good substitute for gum kino in nephritis and
oustinate diarrhoeas.
1460 Erdium W.
1461 Pelargnium W.
1463 Geruium W.
1465 Monsnia W.
Ordea XXXIX. OXALIDEAE.

Formerly confounded with the last order. It is the opinion of modern botanists, that the
ies are more
nearly allied to Rutaceae or Zygophylleae, and that their character and peculiar habit is quite sufficient to
distinguish them. The beauty of the genus O'xalis is very great, and the readiness with which the species
may be cultivated and caused to flower, would have been expected to make them universal favorites, they are
not however, much seen in cultivation. Their properties are well known: all of them have a slightly acid
taste, whence some have occasionally been employed as salad; their acidity is very agreeable and depends
upon the presence of a small quantity of oxalate of potassa. In some of the species of equinoctial America
oxalic acid exists in great abundance. Several species are employed in Brazil as a remedy for certain fevers
of that country.
1064 Biophytum Dec.
1065 O'xalis W.
1058 Averrha W.
ordea XL.
Thop EoleAp.
These are climbing or trailing herbs with handsome solitary axillary flowers, and fleshy stems and leaves.
They are distinguished from Geraniaceae by their stamens being separate, and not
in number with the
ls; by their axillary flowers, and fleshy indehiscent fruit. It is very curious, that this is the only order
in which the peculiar acrid flavor of Cruciferae is found to exist. Tropae'olum pentaphyllum, with probably
other species, is a powerful antiscorbutic. All are natives of shady places in various parts of South America.
The roots of some are fleshy and eatable.
875 Tropae'olum W.
Order XLI.
BALSAMINEAE.
The flower of this order has been remarked by a learned botanist to be that of Fumariaceae, the capsule of
Oxalis, the embryo of Linum, and the habit peculiar. The well known elastic spring with which the seeds
are ejected, constitutes a principal character of the order. All the species are annuals, with the exception of
Imptiens fruticsa; they delight in moist hot situations, generally within the tropics; and are remarkable
for the singularity and varied colors of their flowers.
538 Imptiens W.
order XL11.
ZYGOPHYLLEAE.
The hardness of the wood of the shrubby species of this order is most remarkable, if the softness of the
stems of the herbaceous ones is remembered. To this the extreme difficulty of propagating Guaiacum is to
3 Y 3
1062
be attributed.
*''' Fabgo is employed as an anthelmintic, but it is in the Guatacum that the great
medical virtues of the order are found: all the genus is extremely exciting; the wood and bark of Guai
acum officinle and snctum have a rather bitter acrid flavor, and are principally used as sudorifics,
diaphoretics, or alteratives; they have been found to contain a particular substance differing both from gum
and resin, which has been called guayacine.
Many of the species bear beautiful flowers, especially the
Jribuluses, which with their brilliant yellow Cistus-like blossoms, enliven many a barren rock in the tropics.
None are found in the colder latitudes of the world.
994 Zygophyllum W.
995 Fagnia W.
996 Tribulus W.
Onder XLIII.
993 Guaiacum W.
MELIACEAE.
The nearest affinity of this order is probably with Sapindaceae. It is particularly distinguished by the
stamens being united into a tube bearing the anthers. The leaves are usually pinnated, and most of the
species, which are all either trees or shrubs, are natives of tropical forests. Mlia bears bunches of fine lilac
colored flowers, but few of the genera are interesting on account of their inflorescence. The qualities of the
different species are little known. Canlla lba is aromatic, and is used in equinoctial America as a spice.
The bark of Gurea trichilioides is said by Aublet to be purgative and emetic. The pulpy fruit of Melia
Azedarch is said to be poisonous; both this part and the inner bark have been used as anthelmintics either
in substance or in decoction. It is asserted by Michaux, that the pulp that surrounds the kernel is considered
in Pekin a specific in scrophulous cases. The oil expressed from the seeds of the same plant is said to have
strong antispasmodic powers.
888 Gurea Jy.
987 Trichilia W.
991 Ekebrgia W.
992 Heynea Roxb.
988 Mlia Jy.
989 Quivisia Cav.

ORDER XLIV.
CEDRELEAE.
Some of the finest trees of the tropical regions of the globe are comprehended in this order, as the well
known mahogany, and the New Holland cedar, which is a species of Cedrla. Their winged seeds distinguish
them from Meliaceae. The bark of Cedrla Tona is employed in the East Indies as a febrifuge, as is also that
of the mahogany in the West. But the most powerful remedy for fevers in the whole order is the Soymida of
the West Indies, which is the produce of Swietnia febrifuga; its taste is bitter and nauseous, and its virtues
are extolled as equalling those of Cinchna.
990 Swietnia W.
ORDER XLV.
531 Cedrla Jy.

AURANT1ACEAE.
These are also known under the name of Hesperide.e.
They consist of trees or shrubs of the greatest beauty
and utility. The well-known orange and lemon are the representatives of the order, the characters of which
are so well defined that there is no material deviation from the type afforded by those species. The thick
leaves, articulated with their petiole, and abounding in transparent reservoirs of odoriferous oil, are the most
obvious peculiarities. The flowers are fragrant, and the fruit in all cases fleshy, and generally eatable. The
wood is particularly close-grained. The volatile oil contained in the reservoirs of the leaves and fruit possesses
powerful tonic and stimulating properties. M. Decandolle thus explains the singular structure of the fruit of
the orange. In the opinion of this learned botanist it consists, first, of a thick, valveless, indehiscent indusium
or coat, which is most likely to be considered a continuous torus. Secondly, of several carpella, verticillate
around an imaginary axis, often separable without laceration; membranous, and either containing seeds only,
or filled with pulp, lying in innumerable little bags proceeding from the inner coats of the cells.
500 Triphasia Lour.
1004 Glycsmis Corr.
1005 Murraya W.
1196 AE'gle Corr.
1003 Limnia W.
1615 Citrus W.
1006 Cokia W.
2149 Fernia Corr.
ORDER XLVI. TERNSTROMIACEME.
A very small order, consisting wholly of trees or shrubs, bearing handsome white or yellowish flowers. They
are nearly related to Camellieae, from which they do not differ at all in habit. Nothing is known of their pro
arties. Noronha states that a species of Saurauja found in Java has a subacid fruit, in flavor resembling the
'omato, and that it is eaten by the Javanese under the name of Koleho.
1083 Eurya Th.
1494 Gordnia W.
ORDER XLVII.
1495 Sturtia W.
CAMELLIE E.
Camellias are too well known in our gardens to render it necessary to say much upon their peculiarities.
The
Camellia is one of the most beautiful, and the tea one of the most useful, plants in the world. Both are
natives either of China. Japan, or Nepal. The tea is well known for the stimulating influence of its decoction
upon the nerves, which is attributed by Cullen to the presence of a narcotic principle. The seeds of Camellia
oleifera yield a fine oil. None of the species bear fragrant flowers. Their nearest affinity is with Ternstrmi
aceae, from which they probably ought not to be separated.
1496 Camllia Ker
Ortoen XLVIII.
OLACINEAE.
Smooth trees or shrubs, with simple stalked exstipulate alternate entire leaves, and little axillary flower,
Botanists doubt whether what is called a calyx is not rather an involucrum, in which case the corolla would
become a calyx, and the station of the order among Monochlamydeae, rather than in this place.
890 Ximnia W.
ORDER XLIX.
RUTACEAE.
An interesting and extensive, but rather heterogeneous, group of plants, natives of all countries and all situ.
at 'ns. The species are either fetid northern herbaceous plants, as the garden rue, or neat heath-like southern
shrubs, with an aromatic odor, as the Cape Dismas; broad or long-leaved Australasian shrubs, with a stellate
pubescence, as Phebalium, or tropical trees with panicles of pallid minute flowers, as the Cusprias and X:
th.<ylums.
The of
order
contains
300 species, ofRata
which
a smallare
proportion
is in our
gardens. The
medical
properties
many
generanearly
are considerable.
andbut
Pganum
emmenagogue,
anthelmintic,
and
sudorific i)i&sma abounds in a volatile oil of an agreeable smell, but acrid flavor; several of its species are
reputed antispasmodics. The Xanthoxylums are said to possess acrid, stimulating, or tonic qualities; Clava
Hrculis and fraxineum are said, in America, to be powerful sudorifics and diaphoretics. According to
Barton, they possess a remarkable power of exciting copious salivation, not only when applied to the mouth,
but even when taken internally; they have both been found powerful remedies in paralysis of the muscles
of the mouth. xanthoxylum cariba'um is regarded in Guiana as a detersive vulnerary and febrifuge. The
famous febrifugal Angostura bark is the produce of Cuspria febrifuga.
Tribe 1.
998 Rita W.
1688 Pganum hy.
Rurret.
1...'. Melinthus IV
905. Jambolifera
---------> *~T
Tribe 2.
*7 Dictimnus py.
528 Calodendrum hy.
880 Corra'a W.
Diosmer.
517 Disma Wen.
518 Adenandra W. en.
* Crwea son.
87- Bornia sm.
304 Zieria Sm.
1065
520 Agathsma W. em.

1965 Empleurum W.
519 Baryosma W. en.
Tribe 3.
ZANThoxylke.
303 Fagra W.
2006 Xanthxylum W.
Tribe 4.
Cuspanies.
41 Galipa Aubl.
1500 Monnieria py.
Ornea i.
COR1 Ari Et.
Five species constitute the whole of this order, distributed in South Europe, New Zealand, Peru, and
Mexico. They possess no beauty, and are only interesting on account of their problematical station in a
botanical arrangement. The leaves of C myrtitelia are astringent, and are employed in dying black. Its
berries are very poisonous On one occasion, during the Spanish war fifteen French soldiers were taken ill
after eating them, and three died from their powerful narcotic effects.
*91 Coriaria hy.
Section 4.
Fruit (gynobasic) inserted into a fleshy receptacle, with which the style is continuous.
Ondra Lt.
Och NACE i.
Beautiful yellow-flowered tropical shrubs or trees with lucid leaves. The roots and leaves of Walkraserrta,
'":
a Cingalese plant, are

decoction of them, either in water or milk, is used in Malabar as tonic,
stomachie, and antiernetic.
e bark of Gomphia hexasprma is found useful in healing sores produced in
cattle in Brazil by the stings of insects.
1001 Gomphia W.
1191 o'chna hy.
Oaper Ll i.
81 MARUBACEAE.
Thirteen plants, found in equinoctial America, constitute this order. They are trees or shrubs, with an
intensely bitter bark, a milky juice, and pinnated leaves. The Quassia is well known as the most pure and
intense bitter hitherto discovered; the same property exists, in a milder degree, in the rest of the order.
Quassia amra is a very ornamental plant, but rare, at present, in collections.
1002 Qussia W.
Supclass II.
CALYCIFLOREAE.
Petals separate, inserted into the calyx.

onben Llli.
CELASTRINE E.
This order differs from the succeeding, in having the stamens alternate with the petals; the sepals imbri
cated in estivation; and the ovarium wholly superior. It consists entirely of shrubs or small trees, with
sample, rarely compound, alternate or opposite leaves, and inconspicuous flowers of a greenish or white color.
Several are favorite ornaments of our shrubberies, as the Staphylea, the Celstrus, and the Euonymus, the
latter of which is valued on account of its beautiful-colored fruit. The fruit of Eunymus europaus is a brisk
purgative, as is also the inner bark, and in strong doses powerfully emetic. The famous Paraguay tea is the
foliage of a species of 1 lex. The bark of Prinos verticiliatus possesses such active, astringent, butter, tonic,
and febrifugal qualities, that it is used in North America, with success, as a substitute for Cinchna. A de
coction of the twigs of Maytenus boaria is used to bathe the swellings produced by the poisonous shade of the
tree Lithi.
Tribe 1.
Stapavleces.
684 Staphyla W.
Tribe 2.
507 Celstrus W.
*O9 Eunymus W.
Tribe 3.
EvoNymer.
31 Maytenus Mol.
516. Elaeod&ndrum W.
Aquifoliaceae.
6.82 Cassine py".
605 Bumlda th,
301 Hartgia W.
314 Myginda Jy.
300 Curtisia W.
315 1"lex W.
Oapen LIV.
828 Prnos Jy.

543 Plectrnia W.
514 Schrebra Retz.
RhAMNEAE.
in habit, this altogether agrees with the last, from which the medical properties of the species are not
widely different. Throughout the order, as far as it has been examined, there is a remarkable agreement
between the fruit and the inner bark, especially in Rhmnus cathrticus, frangula, and others, in which they
both are purgative and emetic. Some, as the Jujuba, and the African Lote, nevertheless, yield a wholesome
and agreeable fruit; and the berries, of the greater number, yield, under the chemist's hands, green or yellow
dyes of much importance in manufactures. The leaves of Rhamnus theezans are substituted for tea by the
poorer sort among the Chinese. The bark of Ceanthus caroleus is esteemed in Mexico as a good febrifuge.
506 Zizyphus W.
505 Paliorus G.frt.
504 CEnpha Mich.
542 Phylica W.
503 Rhmnus py.

510 Cean, thus py.
512 Pomadrris hy.
orner L.V.
2146 Gounia W.
532 Hovenia th.

2060 Schaefferia py.
BrUNIACEAE.
Small heath-like shrubs, all natives of the Cape of Good Hope, and extremely ornamental, both in flower
and foliage. Their properties are unknown.
533 Brnia W.
511 Staavia W.
onneR LVI.
SAMYDEAE.
Tropical shrubs or small trees, with entire, stipulate, alternate leaves, covered with pellucid dots, and
axillary flowers of little shew. Some of the species of Samyda are pretty, but very rare.
eir properties are
unknown. M. Decandolle remarks, that in their fruit they approach Bixineae and Flacourtianeae; but on ac
count of the position of their stamens must be arranged in the vicinity of Rhamnese and Rosaceae.
1034 Samvda hy.
3 Y 4
1064
Order LVII.
HOMA LINEAE.
handsome shrubs, with alternate leaves and deciduous stipulae; they are readily known by their
rietal placentae, an unusual character among the orders that surround them.
lackwellia fagiflia has fine
unches of starry white fragrant flowers. Aristotlia is an evergreen half hardy shrub, with eatable berries.
Little
known
gonorrhoea.
of their medical properties; the root of Homlium Racoobea is used in Guiana as a cure for
1108 Blackwellia Juss.
873 Astrnthus L.
Order LVIII.
1084 Aristotlia W.
TEREBINTHACEAE.
This order is, notwithstanding the labors of several botanists, in a very confused state; from want of suffi
cient knowledge of many of the genera, which have been hitherto imperfectly described, it is difficult either to
determine the value of the characters assigned to the tribes, or the dignity of the tribes themselves. All the
species are shrubs or trees, with alternate exstipulate leaves, and inconspicuous flowers, and abound in a bal
samiferous resin, which is chiefly present in the leaves and bark, and from which the denomination of the
order has been derived. Notwithstanding the minuteness of their flowers, many of the species are valuable as
ornamental plants, on account of the beauty of their foliage, others for the sake of their utility in arts or medi
cine, and others for their fruit. The walnut, the Cashew nut, and the Pistachio are valuable for their nuts,
which are well known articles of the markets of Europe. The
and Mngo are equally famous in the
tropics. The well-known balsam of Tolu is the produce of the Toluifera; the balsam of Mecca, of the
Amyris gileadnsis; and balm of Acouchi, of the Icica acuchini; gum comes from Amyris elemifera and
Icica leptophylla; mastich from Pistcia atlntica and lentscus; and Venetian turpentine from Pistcia tere
binthus: , Schinus Mlle produces a resin which in Peru is used as a dentrifice, as myrrh is with us.
Some of the best varnishes are prepared from the exudation of Amyris guianensis, Rhs vrnix, copallina,
and others; the finest kinds of incense are also afforded by plants of this order, such as the wood and resin of
the different species of Icica, of Amyris balsamifera, and of Canrium commne, the Coumia, which is used
in Guiana for such purposes, and finally, the Boswellia thurifera, which is the true frankincense of Indian
temples. But among the fragrant and wholesome plants of which the order chiefly consists, lie concealed
others in which acrid and poisonous qualities no less abound. Such are several pieces of Rhus, the juice of
which produces blisters upon the skin, and the Amyris toxifera, the juice of which is accounted poisonous.
To conclude this long list of the uses and dangers of Terebinthaceae, the bark of Brcea is used as an astrin
gent in dysenteries, that of Rhus glabra as a febrifuge and as a mordant for red colors, and that of Rhus
coriria as a powerful means of tanning skins of animals. It is curious to remark how strongly Terebinthacre
are connected with Amentaceae through Jglans.
Tribe 1. ANACARnie B.
2065 Pistcia W.
85 Comocldia
935 Anacrdium W.
513 Mangifera W.
Tribe 2.
2067 Picramnia W.
SUMAchine E.
2093 Schinus W.
681 Rhus W.
Tribe 3. SpondiAce e.
1059 Spndias W.
Tribe 4.
BURSERAcEAE.
1010 Garga Rorb.
2164 Bursera W.
Tribe 5.
AMYRideae.
889 Amyris W.
298 Ptelea py.
Tribe 6.
529 Toddlia Lam.
Tribe 7.
PteleAce e.
84 Cneorum W.
683 Spathlia W.
CoNNARAce E.
2061 Brcea W.
1057 Cnstis Lam.

Tribe 8.
Juglandex.
1999 Jglans W.
ORDER LIX.
LEGUMINOSAE.
The family to which the various kinds of pulse belong is one of the most familiar to the world, and at the
same time one of the most useful to mankind. Their papilionaceous flowers characterise a large number, and
their pods and pinnate leaves the remainder, with a few exceptions, which it is not necessary to particularise.
As objects of ornament, many are possessed of unrivalled beauty, for example, among hardy flowering trees,
the Robinia and the Labrnum; among shrubs, for decorating the borders of the flower-garden, the Various
tribes of Cytisus, Caragna, Colutta, Amrpha, and others; among hardy climbers.
the far-famed
Glycine
China, and its sister of North America, with the species of the herbaceous genera Vicia and Lthyrus; and,
lastly, among hardy herbaceous plants, the numerous species of Lupinus and Astrgalus, Great, however, as
is the beauty of the Leguminosa which can brave the inclemencies of the seasons of Northern Europe, it ":
give
elegance
their brethren
of theupon
tropics.
flowers
the Erythrin".
"
Coralway
tree,before
are ofthe
thesplendor
deepestand
crimson,
andof borne
in profusion
some The
of the
loftiestoftrees
of the
The Bauhinias, with their snake-like stems and twin leaves, hang in festoons of flowers from branch to '
of other trees, and are only rivalled by the less vigorous and elegant, but more richly colored blossoms of :
Carpopgons. But all these, with their broad heavy foliage, and gaudy colors, are far surpassed by ": rugg it
trunks, trembling airy foliage, and golden flowers of the Mimi sa, which cast a charm over even the :
sterile deserts of burning Africa. While the forests of hot countries are thus indebted to species of this ' :
for their timber, the meadows and pastures of the same latitudes are enamelled with the flowers of '
of Hedysarums, and animated by the wonderful motion of sensitive plants. As in our own
gayest part of our scenery is in many places indebted to the yellow flowers of our furze and broom, "" '.
countries the same effect is produced by other genera of Leguminosae; by Lipria; Borbnia, and Aspla.
thus, at the Cape of Good Hope, and by the Pultenae'as, Daviesias, Aotuses, an multitudes of similar genera
in New Holland. The wood of the order is very hard and durable, with a
!' tinge,
sometimes
':
into green, as in the Labarnum of Europe, and in the better known Brazil wood of commerce, y
Caesalpinia. The following useful remarks upon the properties of the order are made by M. Decandolle:
The family of leguminous plants, though established upon characters of primary importance: offers, :
theless, so large a number of species and such singular botanical anomalies, that it is easy to foresee t '' s
properties will exhibit little uniformity. Still more exceptions may be anticipated if one reflects, that ther :
mical principle which is found most abundantly in every part of leguminous plants, and to which "'
attribute their principal properties, is the extractive. It is probable that this principle, either from its
nature,it or
from itsa peculiar
of uniting
with different
matters,
or perhaps
of being
a simple
prin.
ciple,
is rather
compoundpower
of different
matters;
it is probable,
I say,
that theinstead
extractive
principle
exhibits
1065
much less uniformity in its results than any other. It is, without doubt, to the presence of the extractive
Principle, in considerable quantities, that many leguminous plants owe their purgative properties, which are
common to several extracts, and which many chemists attribute to the acetate of potash, which they are almost
****versally found to contain. Thus the leaves and foliaceous pods of Cassia snna Lin., of Cssia lanceolata
Forsk, of Cassia emarginata of the Antilles, of the Cssia marylandica employed in the United States, of
Co-lutea arborescens, of Sprtium pargans, and perhaps also of Coronilla emerus, act as brisk purgatives, and
often cause wind and pain in the bowels. The juice of Coronilla vria excites vomiting, and may even become
poisonous when taken in too large quantities. It is, perhaps, from a different cause that the pulp which is
contained in the husks of leguminous plants operates upon the human body; it purges gently without causing
the least pain, and ought to be considered as laxative rather than purgative. Such is the character of the
juicy pulp that exists in the Cssia fistula Lin., in the Tamarindus indica Lin., in the Ceratnia silhqua
*-**, and probably in the Mimosa inga and the M. fagifolia, which are eaten in small quantities in the Antiles,
but which, taken more copiously, would have the same effect as our Carobs. There are some fruits of
Leguminosae, for example, the Sophra and the Gleditschia, with tumid pods, in which is found a juice which
surrounds, it is true, the seeds, as in the plants just mentioned, but which differs from them altogether in its
very astringent and nauseous flavor; the nature and properties of this juice deserve to be examined by che
mists, and would undoubtedly throw some light upon the nature of Leguminosae. I am induced to think, that
the astringent juice of the Sophora is a secretion of the pericarp, whilst the sweet and purgative juice of the
Cssia would be a secretion of the external part of the seed; but this hypothesis requires to be verified: what
leads me to this opinion, is the flavor commonly found in husks; in the Carobs, for example, the husk is
astringent, and the pulp sweet and laxative. But let us return to the properties which may be attributed to
the extractive principle. It is undoubtedly from some one of these modifications that the singular property of
the Piscidia and many Galgas is derived, which are employed in America to stupefy fish, which are taken by
this means as readily as with Nux vmica. The decoction of the root of Galega virginiana is considered in
America as a powerful vermifuge. It is, perhaps, indeed, to the very same cause that the rubefacient powers of
the fresh leaves of some Leguminosae are to be ascribed, which act readily upon the skin if applied as plasters;
as, for example, in Ornithopus scorpioides among ourselves, and Hyperanthera moringa elsewhere. It appears
to me, that it is to the greater or less considerable mixture of the extractive principle with the facula con
tained in the seed, that the different properties of the pulse of leguminous plants may be attributed. If found
in small quantities, the seed may serve as food for man and animals, as we see in French beans, peas, lentils,
chick peas, beans, and many others, &c. If found in a more considerable quantity, it will render them pur
gative or emetic, as in the Cytisus labrnum, the Anagyris foetida, and even in most Coronillas. It is
remarkable that the botanical characters of Leguminosae should so strictly agree with the properties of their
seeds: the latter may be divided into two sections; namely, first, those of which the cotyledons are thick and
fined with fecula, and destitute of cortical pores, and which, moreover, in germination do not undergo any
change, but nourish the young plant by means of that supply of food which they already contain; secondly,
those of which the cotyledons are thin, with very little facula, and furnished with cortical pores, and which
change at once into leaves at the time of germination for the purpose of elaborating food for the young plant.
All the seeds of the first section are employed as food in different countries; none of those of the second sec
tion are ever so employed, the Cajan, which has long been classed among the Cytisi, was apparently an excep
tion to this general
but observation has proved the contrary. Bearing in mind its known properties, I
formerly paid particular attention to its structure, and I have shown in a note, which accompanies my cata
logue of the Montpelier garden, that the Cajan forms a particular genus much more nearly allied to the French
bean than to the Cytisi, and that it, in fact, belongs to the first of the sections which I have just described.
The seeds of Leguminosae present also many other anomalies more difficult to reduce to any fixed laws: thus
some are found which contain a rather large portion of fixed oil; such as the seed of the A'rachis hypogaea,
lately introduced into European agriculture, and that of Guilandina moringa which produces oil of ben; there
are some, of which the flavor and smell are rather powerful; as the seed : Dipterix or Coumarodna odra of
Aublet, which, under the name of Tonquin bean, is used for perfuming snuff, there are others which, like the
chickpea, have rather a bitter taste and exciting properties, and are on that account administered for the jaundice.
There are others again, like those of the Andira, which are so bitter as to be used in Java and Brazil as tonic,
alexiteric, and vermifuge. In a word, are not the aperient and diuretic properties which are observable in the
herbage and the roots of many leguminous plants, such as broom, beans, Onnis, Guilandina ringa and
moringa, Anthyllis crtica, &c. to be attributed to a modification of this extractive principle? There are, in
another view, roots which are furnished with tubercles, that is to say, with reservoirs of faecula which furnish
mankind with wholesome food, as we see in the Lathyrus tubersus, which is eaten in Holland, the Dlichos
tubersus, and the D. bulbsus, which the Indians use as food. The roots of the liquorice have a sweet and
mucilaginous taste, which is well known by every body, and which, united to an acrid and rather exciting
Principle, causes it to be employed as a pectoral; the analysis of this root, published by M. Robiquet, proves
that independently of its woody skeleton, the same kind of amylaceous faecula is found as in the tuberous roots
of which we have just been speaking; it is thence seen that the acrid flavor of decoctions of liquorice depends
on the small quantity of resinous oil which it contains, and that its sweet properties are by no means analogous
to common sugar, since it is insoluble in cold water, soluble in warm water or in alcohol, not capable of fer
mentation, and does not yield to the action of nitric acid any of the known products of sugar. It may here
be added, that the sugary flavor of liquorice, and its other properties, are not confined to this genus; they are
found equally in the roots of Trifolium alpinum, vulgarly called Mountain liquorice; in those of the A'brus
precatrius, from which a pectoral draught is prepared in Hindoostan, called Velti, and in others. The barks
of some trees of the leguminous class, are remarkable for their bitterness, and are used as febrifuges; the dif
ferent kinds of Geoffroya possess this bitter and febrifugal quality in a remarkable degree; in India, the
bark of the Eschynmene grandiflra and of the Caesalpinia bonducella are employed for the same purpose.
The barks of many leguminous plants are also remarkable for their astringent qualities, caused by the
quantity of tannin which they are found to contain; this is observable in the Accia Catechu, and in the
Acacia arbica, which is used for tanning leather, and elsewhere. It is well known that almost all coloring
matter proceeds from the extractive principle; and as it appears that this principle abounds in Leguminosae,
we ought to find in them a number of the colors which are used by dyers: to this family, in fact,
belong the principal blue colors, known by the name of indigo, extracted from every kind of Indigfera and
from some Galegas; and the red colors, which are yielded by all the species of Caesalpinia and of Haematxy
lon. We may add the red juice, which is drawn from the Pterocarpus draco and Santalinus, under the name
of sandal and of dragon's-blood; from Erythrina monosperma, under the name of gum lac; and also from Dal
brgia monetria. These juices appear to differ in many particulars, but their history and analysis are at present
so far from being known, that it is impossible to form a true estimate of the nature of their differences. , But
anomalies of this nature are far from being confined to the plants just mentioned. Among the exotic drugs
employed in the arts they are very common: such, for example, are the balsam of Capivi, produced by the
Copaifera; the balsam of Peru, which, Mutis says, is obtained from Myrxylon; the Cachou, which has been
found to be almost pure tannin, and which is supposed to be produced by Accia Ctechu ; of the same cha
racter is that remarkable resin that is yielded by Hymenaea Courbaril; gum Arabic, produced by the bark
and roots of Accia senegalnsis, niltica, arabica, and others; gum tragacanth obtained from Astrgalus
crticus, gummifera, and vrus; and finally, manna, secreted by Hedysarum alhgi.
The arrangement of this tribe of plants has been found to be attended with much difficulty. By Linnaeus,
and the writers who succeeded him, the number of genera was much smaller than those admitted by botanists
of the present age; many additions have been made in consequence of the discovery of New Holland, and a
large number of subdivisions in old genera have been from time to time introduced by one writer or another.
To combine these scattered improvements under one uniform system has lately been attempted by the learned
botanist, from whom the foregoing extract has been taken. This was not executed at the time when those
parts of the present work, in which leguminous plants are found, were written; for which reason the names
---
1066
of the suborders will not be found in the body of the work.
M. Decandolle's method, however, being here
adopted, it will be useful to explain the principles upon which it is founded. He divides Leguminosae into two
grand divisions, the first of which consists of plants, the radicle of whose seed is curved back upon the edge of
the cotyledons, and the second of those whose radicle and cotyledons are straight: the former are CURVEM
BRIAE, the latter RECTEMBRIAE. In the Curvembriae, certain diversities in the structure of the calyx and corolla
again divide into two principal forms, one of which, comprehending all the genera with papilionaceous flowers,
is called Papilionaceae, and the other, consisting of a very small number of species, with one or two petals or
more, and an obscurely lobed calyx, is called Swartziere. The last is not subdivided, but the Papilionaceae
resolve themselves into the two great tribes pointed out by M. Decandolle, namely, those with fleshy cotyle
dons and eatable pulse, Sarcolobae, and those with foliaceous cotyledons and seeds which are not eatable,
Phyllolobe. Each of these is divisible by three, upon slight differences in the fructification. In Rectenbrie
two suborders, Mimoseae and Caesalpineae, are formed upon variations in the aestivation of the calyx and
corolla; in the former, it is valvate, in the latter, imbricated; the first constitute a single tribe, the latter
divide into three, distinguished by less momentous peculiarities of structure. Having premised thus much,
the following tabular explanation will be intelligible:
I. CURVEMBRLE.
PAPiliox.AcEAE.
Tribe 1.
Tribe 2.
Sophorea.
Tribe 3.
Hedysarea.
Tribe 4.
Tribe 5.
Wiciec, Pod polyspermous, dehiscent. Leaves cirrhous, the first alternate.

Phaseoleae.
opposite. Pod polyspermous, dehiscent. Leaves not cirrhous, the first
Tribe 6.
Tribe 7.
Dalbergieae.
Lotee.
Pod continuous. Stamens distinct.

Stamens united by the filaments.
Pod with transverse articulations. Stamens mostly united by
Pod continuous.
a. Phyllolobae.
the filaments.
b. Sarcolobae.
2. Swahrzide.
II. RECTEMBRIEAE.
1. Miwoses.
Tribe 8.
2. CAESALPINEAE.
Tribe 9.
Pod one or two-seeded, indehiscent.
Leaves not cirrhous.
Swartzieae
Mimoscae.
Geoffree. Sepals and petals imbricated in aestivation. Stamens variously

connected by the filaments.
Tribe 10. Cassieae. Sepals and petals imbricated in aestivation. Stamens distinct.
Tribe 11. Detarieae. Sepals before expansion indistinct, calyx bladder-like. Petals 0.
Suborden I.
PAPILION.A.C.E.E.
Tribe 1.
941 Sophra H. K.
940 Edwardsia Sal.
942 Ormsia Jacks.
945 Virgilia Lam.

943 Anagyris W.
944. Thermpsis R.Br.
947 Baptisia R.Br.
SophoREE
954 Gompholobium II. K.
955 Burtnia H. K.
956 Jacksnia H. K.
957 Viminria H. K.
958 Sphaerolbium H. K.
959 Aotus H. K.
946 Cyclpia R.Br.

948 Podalyria R.Br.
949 Chorozmia Lab.
950 Podolbium H K.
951 Oxylobium H. K.
952 Callistachys Went.

953 Brachysma H. K.
1536 Hvea h. K.
Subtribe 1.
Rafnia Th.
Borbnia W.
Liparia ly.
Hallia Th.
Crotalria W.
1531 Bosslae'a Sm.

1534 Godia R.Br.
1532 Scttia R.Br.
1527
1526
1565
1584
15:30
1533 Templetnia H. K.
1523 Vibrgia W.
1525 Platylbium Sm.
Subtribe 2.
Subtribe 3.
1597 Psoralea JP.
1589 Indigfera py
1535 Loddigsia B.M.
1538 Genista W.
1541 Onnis W.
1540 U/lex W.
1542 Anthyllis W.
1566 Cytisus W.
Trifolieae.
1601 Ltus W.
1602 Tetragonlobus Roth.
1606 Hymenocarpus W.
Clitoriae,
1556 Clitria W.
1552 Glycine L.
1555 Galctia Mr.

Subtribe 4.
Galegeae.
1590 Tephrsia P.S.,

1545 Amrpha W.
1568 Robinia W.
1574 Glycyrrhiza W.
1512 Nissa'ilia hy.

1567 Mullra W.
1524 Piscidia W.
1575 Liquoritia Mnch.

1991
P. S.
1537 Sprtium W.
1539 Lebckia W.
1529 Sarcophyllum Th.

1528 Asplathus W.
1596 Dalea P. S.
1501 Petalost&mum Mich.
966 Davisia L. T.
Genistear.
1599 Lupinster Ph.

1604 Dorycnium W.
1598 Melilotus J.
965 Pultenae'a H. K.
LoTEAE.
1600 Trifolium J.
1605 Medicgo W.
1603 Trigonlla W.
964 Euchilus H. K.
967 Murblia L T,
960 Dillwynia H. K.
# Tribe 2.
961 Eutxia H. K.
962 Sclerothamnus H.K.
963 Gastrolbium H. K.
1581 Sesbnia H. K.
1569 Caragna Royen.
1573 Coltea L.
1570 Swainsnia H. K.
1572 Lessertia H. K.
1571 Sutherlandia H. K.
('
Subtribe 5.
1592 Phaca W.
Astragaleae.
1594 Astrgalus Dec.
1593. Oxytropis Dec.

Tribe 3.
Hedys Aher.
Subtribe 1.
1579 Scorpirus W.
1587 Zrnia Mich.
1982 Styloxanthes Swz.
Coroniller.
1576 Coronilla H. K.
1578 Ornithopus W.
Subtribe 2. Euhedysarcae.
1588 Hedysarum W.
1582 schynmene II. K.
1380 Smithia Sal.
1585 Lesped&za Mich.
Tribe 4.
1564 ficer py.

1561 Vicia it".
562 F/rvum Jy.

563 Ervilia Lk.
Tribe 5.
Vicipate.
1560 Pisum hy.
1558 Lthyrus W.
1577 Hippocrpis W
1586 Flemingia Rosh
1557 O'robus W.
1559 O'chrus Bauh.
Phaseoles.
1 * *, \ 1 ru- 11.
155% Ronni dia frnt.

1:47 Phase obus ly".
1-19 Teramnus Brownc
1919 Carpopogon Roab.
1643 R'this 11.
1595 Bisrrula W.
1551 Stizol'bium P. S.
1550 l)olichos W.
1544 Lupinus W.
554 Cylista W.
1521 Erythrina W.
1522 Batca W.
Tribe 6.
1514 Pongmia rent.
1515 Pterocarpus W.
1316 Ecastaphyllum Rich.
1513 Dalbrgia W.
1520 Amerimnum W.
Susonnea II. or Tribe 7. MiMoself.

2125 Schrankia py.
*2 Adenanthera py".
2126 Desmanthus W.
984 Pros. p.s. Roth.
2124 Mimosa py.
212.3 l'inga W.
Subonnea ill.
Georyake.
1464 Brownea hy.
1517 Geoffroya W.
Tribe 9.
*4 Gymno ladus W.
976 Parkinsonia hy.

* , Cdia W.
21 in Ceratnia py.
867 Jonesia py.
* , Gui'and na H. K.
978 Caesalpinia H K.
977 Poinciana H. K.
981 Hoffmansggia Cav.
1518 Dipterix W.
Cassies.
** Cassia it'
*5 Haematxylon W.
* 157 Gieditschia py
2127 Accia ji'.
c.f.s.fi.PiNeft.
Tribe 8.
1543 A'rachis hy.
1067
Dalaeagles.
1519 parivoa Aubl.
gro Cath-rtocarpus P. S.
972 Hymenaea iv.
* 1 Afz, "a sm.

* * **, t, a ji'.
970 Bauhinia hy.

96.8 (*rt is py.
30 Codarium jah,
* Copaif ra W.
* Cynome tra W.
1449 Tamarindus W.
980 Hyperanthera ny.

Oanea LX.
ROSACE.t.
with the exception of Chrysobalanca and Sanguisorber, this order is so uniform in its appearance, that
Rosa, the type from which all the other genera are to be considered variations, when justly understood, will
be found to contain every form of structure which is essential to the order. Having stated this, it will be at
once obvious, that if the other genera have such close affinity to Rosa, they must '. bear a great analogy in
beauty. And this is, indeed, the fact. Amygdalus and '. among trees, and Potentilla, Geum, and
others, among herbaceous genera, rival the rose in their blossoms, and, in many particulars, surpass that most
lovely of all flowers in foliage and general appearance. But it is not for charms alone of smell, or blossom, or
fo!.age, that this order has fixed itself so high in the estimation of mankind. It has also the rare merit of
comprehending all the most important of the fruits of the temperate regions of the world. Thus the apple
and the pear belong to Pyrus, the plum and the apricot to Prunus, the peach and the nectarine to Amygdalus,
Erioptrya produces the loquat, wf iu. the mediar, and finally, the quince is borne by the Cydonia. The
medical powers of many plants of this order are not less active than their fruit is excellent. The principal of
these is the well-known Prussic acid, which exists in abundance in the leaves and kernels of many genera,
especially of Prunus and Amyx.dalus: it is the basis of Laurel water, which, when taken in small doses, acts
either as a violent purgative or as an emetic; and, in stronger doses, is said to destroy irritability without
exciting inflammation; these properties, however, although thus dangerous in the distilled water of the laurel
and other similar plants, can scarcely be said to exist in any important quantity in the plants in a state of
nature. The kernel of the bitter almond, for example, in which the Prussic acid is more abundant than
usual, is used for many culinary and other purposes without any bad effect. There are, however, cases in
which it is said to be dangerous to eat the fresh leaves or kernels; as in the Prnus virginiana, the leaves and
fruit of which are reputed in the United States to be poisonous to certain animals. Besides the Prussic acid,
there are several other principles which abound in the order. All Isrupaceae yield a gum which is nearly
allied to gum Arabic, and which affords a strong evidence of the affinity that exists between Rosacea and
Leguminosae.
A great deal of astringency is found in many species, whence different parts have been
occasionally employed as febrifuges, and as remedies for haemorrhage, diarrhoea, and dysentery. The root of
the Tormentilla is used for tanning in the Ferro Isles; and that of the Capolium cherry in Mexico. The bark
of Prnus virginiana is used as a febrifuge in the United States; Potentilla reptans has been praised for the
same properties. The root of Grum urbanum has been found, by Milandi and Moretti, to contain one eleventh
of its weight of tannin; it has been used both in America and Europe as a substitute for Jesuit's bark. The
1eaves of Dryas octopetala in the north of Furope, of Rubus Arcticus in Norway, of Prnus spinosa and avium
and of Rosa rubiginosa have been manufactured into a sort of substitute for tea. The bark of the root o?
Gillnia trifoliata is remarkable in having, in addition to the astringency already mentioned, an emetic
Property, on which account it is employed in North America as Ipecacuanha. It is said, that a similar power
exists in other Spirie as:
1t must not be omitted, that the order Rosaceae nearly answers to the Icosandria of Linnaeus.
Tribe 1. Chavsonala wre.
870 Parinarium Juss.
499 Hirtella W.
1130 Chrysoblanus W.
Tribe 2.
1128 Amygdalus W.
Tribe 3.
"1156 Kerria Dec.
1080 Grangria Lam.
AMvodalixes.
1129 Pronus W.
Spin eaceae.
1141 Spiraea W.
1142 Gillnia Mnch.
Tribe 4. NetRApfe
1063 Griium py.
1150 Dryas W.
1161 Sieversia W.
1155 (seum ji.
1160 Coluria R.Br.
Tribe 5. Dayapee.
1140 Waldsteinia W.
1154 "formentilla i.
1140 it (bus py.
1153 Potentilla f.
1150 Dalibarda Mich.
710 Sibbaldia W.
1101 Agrimnia W.
1152 Comrum W.
1151 Fragria W.
255 Alchemilla py.
256 Sanguisrba hy.
Tribe 6. SA-Nottisonbes.
1100 Potrium py
21:06 Cliffortia py.
68 Ancistrum L.
Tribe 7. Roses.
1148 Rsa W.
Tribe 8.
Postaceae.
1192 Cratae'gus f.
117 Eriobtrva Lindl.
11 *, *.ithiolepts fund.
i 139 Cotoneaster Lindl.

1138 Amelanchier Lindl.
1135 Photinia Lindt.
1151 Mspilus Lindl.

113 pyrus sm.
1134 Cydonia Juss.
106.8
ORDER LXI. SALICARIAE
Most of these are very showy plants, in particular the genera Lythrum and Lagerstroemia, which are the
representatives of the order. They are chiefly natives of temperate climates, on mountains and among bushes.
Glaux and Pplis are common shore plants in England. Heimia is remarkable for its yellow flowers. Little
is known of the properties of Salicariae; they are mostly astringent; the common Salicria is used in inveterate
diarrhoeas; a species of Lythrum is used in Mexico as a vulnerary and astringent, and Lawsonia, which is
used by the Turkish women to stain their nails, is also supposed to possess similar properties. There is a plant
of this order called Hanchinol in Mexico, which is said to possess much more remarkable powers than any of
the preceding; its expressed juice, taken in doses of four ounces, excites violent perspiration and secretion of
urine, and is said to cure venereal disorders in an incredibly short space of time.
877 Grislea JV.
1094 Lythrum W.
302 Ammnnia W.
1097 Cphea Jacq.
1095 Nesae'a Kunth.
568 Glaux W.
1195 Lagerstroemia W.
1096 Heimia Lk.
836 Pplis W.
Orden LXII.
898 Lawsnia W.
1031 Acisanthra J.
MELASTOMACEAE.
All these are remarkable as handsome tropical shrubs or trees, with large purple or white flowers, and leaves
with several costae, or nerves as they are incorrectly termed. The genera admitted in the body of the work
are those received by the greater part of previous writers; they have been much increased, and apparently
with great propriety, by Mr. D. Don. The species are generally ill treated in collections, where they are not
unfrequently to be found under the form of sickly stunted plants, instead of noble broad-leaved spreading
shrubs, with masses of brilliant flowers. To be grown well they require much heat, much moisture during the
summer, and much pit-room and head-room. The fruit of true Melstomas is a fleshy insipid juicy berry,
which is for the most eatable, and is often so deep a black as to dye the teeth and mouths of those who
eat it. They are nearly related to Myrtaceae, from which they differ in the want of essential oil, and of the
dot-like reservoirs of the leaves which contain it. The juice of the leaves of M. succsa and alta is used as a
lotion for recent wounds by the inhabitants of Guiana.
899. Osbckia W.
1029 Melstoma Jy.
1075 Blkea W.
900 Rhxia W.
10:30 Petalma JP.

orden LXIII.
MYRTACEAE.
Dotted leaves, with marginal ribs, and an inferior ovarium and single style, are the great features of Myr.
taceae. They are all fine evergreen shrubs or trees, generally bearing white flowers, and in the first section
ucing fleshy fruit. It is there that the Allspice, the Clove, the Rose-apple, and the Guava find their station,
y the side of the common myrtle and pomegranate of Europe. The section with capsular fruit comprehend:
with the exception of the gigantic almost wholly, handsome hard-wooded New Holland or South
Sea shrubs, with white or crimson flowers and stamens; yellow flowers are very uncommon. The volatile oil
contained in the little reservoirs of the bark, the leaves, and the floral envelopes, gives these plants the
fragrance which has caused them to be celebrated by poets of all ages. It is very aromatic, a little acrid, and
slightly tonic and stimulant, whether it is under the form of Cajeputi oil, the produce of Melaleuca leucaden
dron, or of oil of cloves or of myrtle. In the clove this oil is so as to constitute nearly a fifth of the
whole weight of the calyxes that produce it. There is also a considerable proportion of astringent principle in
these plants; in the bark of the pomegranate it is very obvious; and in \!' rgni and lama of Chile, Eu
malaccnsis, it is so abundant as to render a decoction of those plants of great use in cases of dysentery.
ucalyptus resinifera produces an astringent resinous substance resembling gum Kino. The leaves of the
Chilian myrtles, Leptosprmum scoprium, and some other species, have been used as substitutes for tea.
Tribe 1.
1193 Alngium J.
1118 Psi^dium W.
1119 Eugnia W.
1120 Caryophyllus P. S.
1121 Myrtus W.
112x Calyptrnthes W.
BAccAte.
1123 Pimnta Lindl.

1124 Olynthia Lindl.
11.7 Punica W.
Tribe 2. Capsulanes.
1117 Metrosideros W.
801 Bae'ckia Sm.
1499 Careya Rorb.

1082 Decumria W.
1611 Tristnia Br.
1115 Leptosprmum W.
1126 Eucalyptus W.
1612 Calothamnus Lab.
1116 Fabrcia W.
1610 Melaleuca H. K.
1613 Beaufortia Br.
Tribe 3.
1125 Stravdium Juss.
Lecythidee.
1497 Barringtnia W.
ORDER LXIV.
1498 Gustvia W.
COMBRETACEAE.
Combrtum and Quisqualis are among the most splendid of the climbing plants of the tropics, adoming the
trees from which they depend with garlands of white and crimson, and yellow. The bark of Bucida Bicera
is used with success in Guiana for tanning leather. The juice of Terminlia vrnix is employed by the Chinese
as a varnish; it is, however, caustic, and its exhalation dangerous; benzoin is the produce of Terminlia
Benz in. The kernel of several species is eaten as a nut, and the expressed oil has the remarkable quality
of not becoming rancid.
544 Conocrpus W.
2140 Terminlia W.
1027 Getnia Rorb.
1028 Quisqualis W.
916 Combrtum W.
ORDER LXV.
PASSIFILOREAE.
The beauty of Passiflras is well known; they are remarkable for the singular arrangement of the stamens
and pistillum, upon a column surrounded by several lines of circumvallation, formed

as many rows o
barren thread-like colored stamens, which are popularly called the rays. The fruit of several species of passion.
flower isthat
filled
with
a pleasant
acidulated
pulp, onThe
which
account
theyorder
are eaten
dessertitfruit.!!...'
known
they
possess
any medical
properties.
station
of the
is not as
settled;
is undoubtedly
very ncar Cucurbitaceae.
1459 Passiflra W.
ORDeit LXVI.
2075 Modcca Lam.

CUCURBITACEAE.
Here is the station of the gourd, the melon, and the cucumber, succulent climbing vegetables, the fruit of
which administers to us many of our comforts and necessities. The importance of the gourd in hot"
is of the highest degree, where, from the nature of the climate, few of those culinary vegetables that are so
abundant in the north can be made to succeed. Among these tribes of climbing annuals, the papaw tree is a
remarkable deviation from the ordinary character of the vegetation. Its fruit, however, and flow"." m
all respects those of Cucurbitaceae. The fruit is mostly sweet, watery, refreshing, and pleasant to the palate;
but the coloquintida gourd, the spirting cucumber, and the Trichosnthes amara, are all
#
violent bitter, drastic, purgative qualities, which are, indeed, to be found, in a slight degree, "..." the
mildest of the eatable gourds. M. Decandolle observes, that as the violent action of the Colocinth resin is
much softened by the mixture with it of gum, it is probable that the difference in the fruits of the order de
-
vends upon the different proportions between these two substances. The seeds of the gourd, like those of the
=-
"
======
1069
passion-flower, possess none of the properties of the pulp; they are sweet and nutty, and readily form an emul
son. The roots of the bryony are purgative, but also contain a wholesome faecula. It is said that the roots of
a species of bryony are eaten in Abyssinia, after being merely boiled. There are some Cucurbitaceae, the
roots of which are intensely bitter; those of one of this description are used in Peru, to remove the pains
attendant upon inveterate venereal disorders.
551 Gronvia W.
2010 Trichosanthes py
2022 Cacumis it.
2024 Bryonia ty.
1940 Angria W.
2020 Momrdica py.
2023 Sicyos iv.
2095 Carica W.
1976 Laffa Cav.
20.1 Cucurbita W.
Oapea LXVII.
LOASE.i.
Nothing is known of the qualities of this order. It consists of succulent cut-leaved plants, generally covered
with asperities or rigid stinging hairs, and yellow or white flowers. They are all natives of America, and
handsome annuals. A very few of them are climbers.
1113 Bartnia Ph.
1194 Mentzelia W.
order LXV111.
1619 Loasa L
HALORAGEAE.
obscure weeds, chiefly distinguished from Onagrariae, by their naked and solitary ovula. They are natives
of moist places or ponds, in various parts of Europe and North America. Some of the species of Haloragis are
tropical. They are not known to possess any medicinal properties.
23 Hipparis W.
932 Halorigis W.
1987. Myriophyllum W. 309 Ludwigia W.
27 Callitriche W.
1908 Serpicula W.
2.58 isnrda W.
orden LXIX.
ONAGRARIAE.
A very well defined order, generally known by its pollen cohering, by a sort of filamentous substance, an
inferior polyspermous ovarium, a tetrasepalous tetrapetalous flower, with a definite number of stamens, and a
single style. From this form there are some anomalous variations, such as Circe'a and Lopezia, which are,
however, easily reconciled to the usual structure of the order. Most of the genera are pre-eminently beauti
ful , as Epilobium, QEnothera, and F (it hala, which are old favorites among gardeners. The propertes of
onagraria are little known, and probably very weak. The leaves of Jussia a reruviana are used as an enol
isent poultice, the seed of Trpa ntans as an eatable nut, and the root of CEnothera biennis as a sort of
salad.
71 Circaea hy.
18 Lopezia Cav.
902 Gaura Jy.
903 Epilobium W.
1026 Jussiaea Jy.

901 (Enothera hy.
2004 Montinia W.
904 Fchsia it'.
308 Trpa W.
Onder LXX
F1COIDEAE.
These are all plants with a greater or less degree of succulence; the Mesembrynthemums and Hymen
gyne are well-known dry-stove plants, many of which are beautiful in the highest degree. Of the former
of these two, the flowers are of all colors, many of the most vivid hues, and remarkable for expanding
only beneath bright sunshine; this phenomenon, indeed, is common to the whole order. Tetragnia ex
pnsa, Sesavium portulacastrum, and Mesembryanthemum edele, are excellent substitutes for summer
spinach. A large quantity of saline matter is contained in all of them; in Reaumaria vermiculata, a sub
stance is secreted, which has been found by chemical analysis to consist of muriate of soda and nitrate of
tash. The whole order grows in very dry or saline places, in the temperate regions of the world. Four
fifths of the whole are natives of the Cape of Good Hope. The leaves of the different species of Mesembryan
themum, offer the most remarkable instances of figure known in the vegetable world.
1000 Nitrria W.
1143 Sesvium W.
1147 Tetragnia it'.
1147 Hymen&gyne Haw.
1107 Glinus W.
1144 Alzon W.
1146 Mesembryanthemum L. 1910 Reaumuria W.
oanea LXXi.
PortulACEAE.
with the exception of Turnra, Tamarix, Talinum, and a few species of Claytonia, the whole of this order
consists of insignificant weedy plants, of no beauty, and little use. Claytonia perfoliata and common purs
lane, which are occasionally used as salads, being the only species of a useful kind. They are chiefly herba
ceous plants, frequenting dry barren situations, or the sea-shore of all parts of the world; all are insipid and
inodorous, and destitute, as far as is known, of medicinal properties. Some of the kinds of Tmarix have an
astringent tonic bark, and yield, when burnt, a large proportion of sulphate of soda. Turnera resembles a
Cistus.
Q24 Mntia W.
1002 Talinum hatu.
537 Claytnia W.
68" Telephium W.
10.6 Trinthema W.
871 Limeum W.
692 Portulacria W.
1037 Sclernthus W.
1093 Anacampsros L.
600 Corrigola W.
686 Turnera W.
685 Tamarix W.
1091 Portulaca W.
Ondra LXXII.
CACTI.
All succulent plants destitute for the most part of leaves, the place of which is supplied by fleshy stems of
the most grotesque figure; some angular, and attaining the height of thirty feet, others roundish, covered
with stiff spines, like the hedgehog, and not exceeding the stature of a few inches. Their flowers are in many
cases large and remarkably specious, varying from pure white to rich scarlet and purple, through all the inter
mediate gradations of colors. The species are chiefly natives of the hottest and dryest parts of the tropics, and
are cultivable with little care, in pots filled with rubbish, in a dry-stove. Their fruit is fleshy and watery, and
enerally insipid, but it is eaten in their native countries for the sake of its refreshing moisture and coolness.
wo "ecies of Opantia are hardy in Great Britain. The characters of this order and the next are very
similar, although their habit is so widely different. Cacti are sometimes called Nopaleae.
1111 Cctus W.
1112 Rhipsalis Gaert.
onnen LXX111.
GROSSULACEAE.
Distinguished from the last by the definite number of their stamens and woody leafy stems. The utility and
excellence of the gooseberry and currant are known to every one. None of the other species equal these,
although the fruit of several possesses considerable excellence. The berry of most of these is sweet, watery,
and acid, but that of Ribes nigrum, and a few more, is tonic and stimulant, which appears to have some con
nection with the presence of glands upon the leaves of those species.
550 Ribes W.
Oaper LXXIV.
SEMPERVIVEAE.
Still another order of succulent plants, but with a habit very different from that of those which have gone
before. The species are often characterised by the rosulate or densely imbricated arrangement of their
leaves, but this is not by any means a universal character. They are natives, for the most part, of dry bar
ren places in Europe, North Africa, and the Cape of Good Hope, and are cultivable with ease in pots of dry
rubbish. Many of them have extremely beautiful flowers, especially those of the genera Sempervivum and
Crassula, which are either white, yellow, or deep rose color. Their leaves are used medicinally as refrigerant
and abstergent; they are also, in a slight degree, astringent, and in Sedum acre so acrid, that, taken internally,
"--
- * *
1070
they operate violently both as purgatives and emetics. The leaves of Sdum telphium are occasionally
eaten as a vegetable, but they are always found to leave behind a slight and unpleasant taste of burning.
1061 Sedum hy.
927 Vrea py.
874 Septas W.
699 Crassula W.
1110 Sempervivum W.
698 Rochea Dec.
1062 Penthrum iP.
320 Tillae'a Jy.
1060 Cotyldon W.
928 Bryophyllum Sal.
Order LXXV.
S.AXIFRAGEAE.
The whole of these plants constitute the glory and delight of the cultivator of alpine plants. This is to be
attributed to the neatness and perpetual verdure of their leaves, and the exquisite simplicity and elegance of
their flowers, rather than to any striking attractions, of which they are wholly destitute: their blossoms
being generally white or pale pink, occasionally becoming brownish-purple. All the genuine species are
humble herbaceous plants, affecting mountainous situations, but occasionally found in marshes by the sides of
springs, and even upon dry walls. All are natives of cold regions, or of the most temperate mountainous
situations of hot ones. They are slightly astringent; some of them, as Heuchra americana, eminently so.
Infusions of the leaves have been reckoned lithontriptic, and the powdered root of the last-named plant is
success in cancerous disorders. Hydrangea, which is shrubby, is not a legitimate inhabitant of
::
he order.
1041 Saxifraga W.
1042 Tiarella W.
1043 Mitella py.

606 Heuchra W.
1040 Chrysosplnium W.
1039 Hydrngea W.
9:30 Adxa Jy.

361 Glax W.
On Deh LXXVI.
PHILADELPHEAE.
This consists at present of a single genus, which was formerly referred to Myrtaceae, but which has lately
been separated with much acuteness by Mr. Don. The species are hardy ornamental shrubs, natives of North
America, with white flowers; in some cases fragrant. Nothing is known of their properties.
1114 Philadlphus W.
Orden LXXVII.
CUNONIACEAE.
These were formerly included in Saxifrageae, from which Mr. Brown first distinguished them. They are
shrubs of the southern hemisphere, mostly with pinnated leaves and white flowers. Callicoma and Baura,
which have simple leaves, are elegant green-house shrubs. The bark of a species of Weinmannia is employed
in Peru for tanning leather, and is said to be also used for adulterating the quinquina. Nothing is known of
the properties of the remainder.
1038 Cunonia W.
1099 Callicoma B. R.
1199 Baura H. K.
Orden LXXVIII.
919 Weinmnnia L.
ARALIACEAE.
Araliaceae are a slight divergence from the well-known Umbelliferae, with which they nearly agree in habit,
except in being frutescent, and from which they are obviously distinguished by their 5-celled fruit. Their
flowers have no beauty, but the foliage of many is extremely fine, especially of the species of Actinophyllum;
that of our common ivy must not be omitted. Their medicinal properties are much the same as those of
Umbelliferae, except the fruit, which differs in virtues as it does in botanical structure. Their bark exudes
an aromatic gum resin, as in Arlia umbellifera. Their roots are tonic, with, in some cases, the flavor of
parsnep. The famous ginseng, which is produced by a Pnax, is reputed to have powerful tonic, restorative,
and even aphrodisiacal qualities; but it is probable that these have been greatly exaggerated.
607 Cussnia L.
697 Actinophyllum R. & P.
1109 Gastnia Juss.
696 Arlia W.
*
549 Hdera W.
2166 Panax W.
ORDER LXXIX. UMBELLIFERAE.
One of the least attractive groups of plants, and at the same time one of the most important to the
world. They are not more useful as food than they are dangerous as poison; while in their native ditches
they are often suspicious lurid weeds, but under the influence of cultivation they lay aside their venom, and
become wholesome food for man. They are generally recognised by their hollow stems and cut leaves, with
what botanists call a sheathing petiole; that is to say, with a petiol, the base of which wraps round the stem.
Their flowers are mostly white or greenish, rarely, as in Astrntia, some species of Caticalis, and others, of a
pink color. The inflorescence is umbellate, and their fruit consists of two ribbed portions, improperly called
seeds, which are held together by a common axis, and a thickened discus. All are natives of damp ditches or
way-sides, in cool parts of the world; in the tropics they are either extremely rare or wholly unknown, and
when present, have generally a character unlike that of our European species. The simplicity of their
structure, and uniformity of their appearance, has rendered their classification a matter of very great difficulty.
It has been attempted in modern days by Lagasca, Sprengel, and Koch, all of whom have added something to
our knowledge; but much still remains to be done. The arrangement of Professor Sprengel, objectionable as
it is many points, is here adopted as the most perfect, upon the whole, of any yet published. The culinary
and agricultural importance of many species is well known; the parsnep and carrot form a large part of the
staple winter store of the inhabitants of Europe, as the Arracachas do of those of South America; and the
Prangos of Thibet is supposed to be the most important and productive of any in the whole world, as a
forage plant. The medicinal properties of Umbelliferae are not more powerful than they are at variance with
each other. While the seeds of some are aromatic, and stimulating in the highest degree, the fresh roots and
leaves of others are not less narcotic. This has been supposed to arise from the difference in the state of the
sap in different parts of the plant; and it has been thought that the narcotic principle is outy to be
found in the ascending sap, while the aromatic stimulant properties are found in the juices, which are futy
elaborated and matured "it has been already observed, that their dangerous properties are often ren:ved by
cultivation; the common celery is a familiar instance of this; but the most remarkable, that of (Enanthe
pimpinelloides, a most dangerous species when wild, which is cultivated about Angers for the sake of its roots,
which are there called Jouanettes, and about Saumur, where they are known by the name of Mchons. The
roots of some Umbelliferae contain a large proportion of sugar; those of the carrot, when dried, more than an
eighth; those of the parsnep just an eighth; and those of the chervil about eight parts in 100 Galbanum,
opopanax, and Assafoetida, are all the produce of different species of Umbelliferae.
Tribe 1.
2165 Arctopus IV.

548 Lagecia W.
622 Eryngium hy.
624 Echinophora W.
Tribe 2.
DEsciscentes.
644 Actintus Lab.
623 Sanicula W.
HYDRocorylix.A.
658 Hydroctyle W.
659 Spannthe Jacq.

Tribe 3.
657 Bupleurum W.
635 Pimpinla II:
67 Dndia Spring.
674 Astrntia W.
Tribe 4.
647 Sison it".
6. Ledeburia Lk.
652 gopdium
642 Seseli hy.
653 Crum W.
BupleuriNAE.
214, Hrmas W.
PiMP.NELLEAE.
656 Cnidiuin Cuss,
Jy.
6:32 (Ennthe W.
to 6 Phellandrium W.
651 Apium ".

653 Meum Jacq.
: -
N.Mie.lL .16
. .
a i , tan/ artteal uta*Mad
r
dkl
nsjer '='
tviml Wreraea'
Bat 1*> 1*!.
Onu LUV SlliniCU
er- urtLifci~M<m<<l"*',ta,"4-''''!;r
ft'il) t'rithiiium
Sm^rnium /F.
if'. CchiTi IT Tribe 5. SMYtwtBf.
GKCicnt. ;
S't
6ffl Loriitndrum
Hippomirathrum
660 Ulosprraum Lt. GIS
/.t. 66t .Xthuu '
Tribe fi. CaL'CALINEAS.
62(>
Cacalis Cfr.
62
Oliv
640
625
Daucus
634
Alhamnia W. Lk.
6,1
K7 Trilig G(cr/.
6J8 Tracbysprmum
Tribe
7.
.. *... pua. ineta, "***JZ?.Z.
619 Scndix P. 5. 630 MJrrhis P. S. Sca.MUCIVEjB.
021 Chrophjllum P. S.
Tribe
8.
Ammi.\
6 Ciaiiimn.
A'mmi W.
646
Slum
W. IV.
641
Cnium
64J Tria
.M:
il
:mi Htuetxti
Ki i* *
Tribe .
Selimim
W.
67. Past
Znsmia H\tVm.
6(14
Anglica
67"
662
Imperil* riaW, '
672 Peucdaoum
Hcrdeum IV.IK 671
668 FruLi
i. ff'
643 Tbpaia
Oei.B I.XXX. KHIZOI'HOKE.E.
^X^îg^', *'"? ""S. i. ,
1078 rthizpliora ".
OnnEaLXXXI. HAMAMELIDE.E.
shrubs, will, the appearance of Amentcea-, to
bo5tti^S^l3,'r "lu*" here> which "'"*' be d
1200 Fothergllla IC
312 Hammoli
Order LXXXII. capiifoliace.e
This U
SS"?
"f 11,0 former,
dogwood li'"
Here ton toia t'hoTofi
found tile m(
1Mb tfSSrf
IK'-T ?the"""'""
the vulgar cyVmi/be
Quinquina Th . 1-lVl,
'"' J 1
"<. Mrh, areor,linK lo 11,
!3hS
l5fiS,h,i
,'J'V . V"'14'" '',""7'->>'
"I ...LelMero,,.
fe*
a
.iV^S
.,
I
*
*rt.*'?(
lutll
herhareo.,.,
their rio,,,l
th
7i a1"''"'and"'*
U
a hal.it;
ra.tic
purât.ve,
iti.nlerraediah^.i... latkr
, '.Between
with
the tarn
It
the
in i V, . ,,hthis.'' order
, Rubiaceat, >>
I
"of which
Places la I I . I..iinupnire
,," 1, ' &
" beenr~"")l','
li
hut lew have
fourni in .uch"fas endure Alllere
S "IT";''1'"". S.
y, Diervilla J.
306
679 '
680!
Order LXXXHI. LORANTHEjE.
ae/growbut'ad"h" fw,v"."iVc'',C
; S7 "re " lh<:
S11'1"' Parasites
beneathThe
the
bcaul,
i"r3| f".,i'.cl_rJ;!c*'.
" ,!u'irrootinK
n.ulHmcnt.
., fi**
perart :
i-S'sa
,..<||'*,
ûîa^S.ia-"'^*."^
r-v
-*1-. ^25*
. !,( "ai* tsna"
I
us having disappeared wherever that

2U4 Vbctun
Oroernlpidar.
I.XXXIV.
RL'RIACE.E.
n'ncn.'aC,'''7,i]"T *i,h
a mnnnpelalou.
superior corolla, w
'".braces a vr. w ovar...m, are Ihe great characteristic, of Hubiaeete: an nr.!
ee.l, andvalue1:,n,.,i t ' ""' wl,h "Tiporta"'
'he whole of nhanogamotn
plants, flowers
including v.
Reilher
dualities
di,Weil
are
"J .* f" his yet beenmedicinal
ascertaii.e.1.
Theand
ions nf v
i.- tiiehave
most been
important
^ aSmT qunbti of minor ,
ronwquci.ee,
hieb
almuljion'
lid r ,n^rtni(i'a'';^'^"thej-
liant.
of beautyor
valueare
innumerable
: ofinriiithI
Phgenera
iLn.hai'a.id
utirca.
t ar lima,
Mussn'rdc
rs, are notable examples ; to Ihe latter, every genus has a .
Ilta is emplnyetl
in India
for staining
India,
dyintn
properties ol the Cinchonaidaneedcilriflia
not be ininsisted
on is; itused
is lessforgoner..:
J|milar, but'wca'ker imwnr"ê'm,llm, corymbosurn, Oaettajraa coecinea, and Portland
i""!
al,du,fdrnotsfor"rink.Antirlioa
arc use.1,
'", I inandtheataJ^S""
io! r t"'.1". a ""'n!'?"c
Astringent
prop.ii
2
^
'.V":'."ir "fk""- hfeh " 1
Uncirla
Hox
^fonnKivVom
,;".'''^,0"
'he
produce
of/limbir
a very ofdifiere
t"B itrong 'ere c
"" C g"" r"lrha.
"TarateJ
by the
1072
and Psychtria herbcea, which are often used as ipecacuanha. The seed of the Coffa furnishes the valuable
beverage which is so much esteemed in Europe and the East, under the name of coffee
Section I.
STELLATAE.
266 Galium W.
268 Asprula W.
267 Rbia W.
269 Sherardia W.
271 Crucianlla W.
617 Phyllis W.
270 Spermacce W.
290 Pavtta W.
479 Coffa JV.
483 Psychotria W.
285 Chomlia W.
288 Ixora Jy.
2.91 Erndea Stuz.

294 Mitchella Jy.
495 Plcama JV.

833 Richrdia L.
292 Siderodndrum W.
439 Paedria W.
480 Chioccca W.
482 Cnthium Pers.
494 Webra Jy.
2136 Walntia W.
SECTion II.
287 Bouvrdia H. K.
261 Houstonia W.
293 Coccocypsilum W.
295 Oldenlndia W.
296 Manttia JP.
406 Ophiorhiza L.
Section III.
456 Dentlla py
485
457 Macrocnmum W.
458
460 Rondeltia W.
462
45.5
Rorb. 461
8.32 Hillia W.
487
289 Catesbae'a L.
488
ctron
Posoquria Aubl.
489 Oxynthus Dec.
Exostmma Rich.
Portlndia JP.
Coutara Aubl.
Gardnia P. S.
490 Rndia P. S.
491 Mussaenda W.
492 Pincknya Mick.

48l Serissa W.
Genipa P. S.
Section IV.
486 Vanguira W.
493 Erithalis W.
1981 Guettrda W.
Section V.
484 Hamllia W.
Section VI.
497 Cephalis W.
498 Sarcocphalus Afz
286 Adina Sal.
496 Morinda W.
521 Na(iclea W.
275 Cephalnthus W.
459 Burchllia R.Br.
2060 Anthosprmum W.
ORDER LXXXV. OPERCULARINEAE.

* Exotic weeds,
nearly related to Rubiaceae. Their properties are unknown. M de Jussieu has remarked
that their affinity to Valerianeae is supported by the curious circumstance, that birds devour the young shoots
of the Opercularias as they do those of the Corn-salads.
250 Operculria W.
251 Cryptosprmum P. S.
Order LXXXVI. VALERIANEAE.
Small herbaceous plants, more interesting for the sake of their symmetry and neatness, than on account of
any particular attractions: they may be considered a connecting link between Rubiaceae and Dipsaceae.
Many of the Valrians, and all the Patrnias, are pretty plants. The Valerianllas are useful esculents,
known under the name of corn-salads. Their medicinal properties are of a decisive character. The roots
of Valerina officinlis, Phu, and others, are bitter, tonic, aromatic, antispasmodic, and vermifugal;
they are occasionally used as febrifuges. The odour of Valerian is not
erally agreeable, but the Orientals
collect with care, on the mountains of Austria, the roots of Valerina cltica, with which they perfume their
baths; and the natives of India, at this day, employ the Valerinajatamnsi, the spikenard of old times, as a
perfume, and against hysterics and epilepsy.
20 Centrnthus Mich.
72 Fdia Dec.
78 Valerina W.
79 Patrinia W.
ORDER LXXXVII.
80 Valerianlla Dec.
DIPSACEME.
Very nearly akin to Compositae, of which they have nearly the habit. All are herbaceous plants with
flowers growing in heads. Some of the Scabisas are very handsome, and popular border flowers. The whole
tribe is cultivated with great facility. Some of the species of Scabisa have been employed as diaphoretic and
antisyphilitic, but are now neglected.
70 Morina Jy.
262 Dipsacus W.
263 Cephalria Schr.
265 Knatia W.
264 Scabisa W.
ORDEn LXXXVIII.
CALYCEREME.
Obscure weedy South American plants, differing from Compositae, chiefly in the position of their ovula.
1842 Acicrpa Juss.
Orper LXXXIX. COMPOSITAE.
A most extensive and natural order, obviously characterized by the cohesion of their antherae, and the
arrangement of their florets in involucrated heads, or calathidia, as they are now called. Most of them may
be said to be ornamental plants, and yet but a very few hold that station in the opinion of the public. It is
difficult to account for this circumstance, nor is this the place to enter upon such an investigation; certain,
however, it is, that with the exception of Dhlias, the varieties of Chrysanthemum sinnse, and a few Calen
dulas and Arcttises, and perhaps Tagtes, scarcely a single Composita now finds a place in a fashionable
flower garden. The prevailing color of the flower in the order is yellow; red, purple, or scarlet, being.com
paratively uncommon. The species inhabit every part of the world, and in all, perhaps, in nearly equal pro
portions:- in Europe and the north of the world they are chiefly herbaceous; but within the tropics, they
are more frequently frutescent. Their medical properties are very important; Tu'iiago frfara, Chamomile,
I'mula, Solidago Virgarea, Matricria Parthnium, Stevia febrifuga, and Eupatrium, perfoliatum, are
instances of the presence of tonic and febrifugal properties; Tanactum and Santolina are anthelmintic, Matri
cria and the emmenagogue; some Eupatriums, Achillas, Artemisias, and Calndulas, are sudorific;
certain Litrises are diuretic, and Erigeron philadlphicum is both sudorific and diuretic. Ptrmica and
Arnica are sternutatory, and Spilnthes, Siegesbeckia orientlis, A^nthemis pyrethrum, and others, power;
fully excite salivation; finally, many Achillas, Chamomile, Tanactum, and Eupatriums, are tonic and
antispasmodic. Others seem to possess all these properties combined, and are reckoned among the best
alexiterics, as the Ayapana of Brazil, and the Guaco of Peru. Every one knows the excellent and refreshing
flavor communicated to vinegar by Tarragon: the same effects are produced in the Alps by Achillea nana,
Artemisia glacilis, rupstris, and spicta. Some species of Achillea, Bellis, and Artemisia have been used as
substitutes for tea. The seeds of many Compositae, as Mdia and Verbesina, yield a copious oil; and the fleshy
roots of Helinthus tubersus, a wholesome food for man. The juice of Lactaca virsa is highly narcotic, and
has been even employed with extraordinary advantage as a substitute for opium.
It is not necessary to men
tion the utility of the leaves of the lettuce, the endive, the succory, the cardoon, or the roots of Scorzonra
and Salsafis, as culinary productions; they must be familiar to all our readers; as also the fleshy receptacle of
the artichoke and some other plants. The flowers of Echinops strigsus are used as a kind of tinder; those
1073
of the artichoke, the cardoon, and otners, have the power of curdling milk. The arrangement of Composita,
is attended with extreme difficulty; the greatest progress that has yet been made in reducing them to order
has been with M. Cassini, by whom they are called Synanthereae: but unfortunately, the remarks of that
learned botanist are so scattered and unconnected, that the
has hitherto been able to derive little benefit
from his labors. His general arrangement is here adopted, but for the reasons now given, his genera have not
been enquired after, as, until they shall have been more completely systematized, the adoption of them would
necessarily be full of errors, which would only add to the confusion that already too extensively exists. Those
who wish to make themselves masters of this very interesting and difficult branch of systematic botany, should
consult the Opuscules phytologiques of M Cassini, and Mr. Brown's elaborate essay on the structure of
Compositae, in the Transactions of the Linnean Society.
''
1767 Relhnia hy
1765 Leysera W.
17t,4 Longchmpsia py.
1722 Gnaphalium W.
1848
1681
17 l ;
1727
Susomoea I. INULEAE.
Cassinia h K.
1747 Podolpis h K.
Ammbium R. Br.
1725 Antennaria R.Br.
1sodi 1 it. K.
17-ti Metalasia R. Br.
Astelma R.Br.
1846 Stee"de jy.
Tribe 1.
1844 CEdra it'.

1723 Leontopodium R. Br.
17* Athl.x a ker
1730 Euchrysum W.
Archerves.
1838 Filgo L.
1734 Comyza W.
1731 Carpesium it".
1724 h. vax Lam.
1744 1/nula it'.

1745 Pulicria Gaert.
1785 Columelila Jar.

1710 Neurolae'na R. Br.
1839 Micropus W.
Tribe 2.
Burirthalmes.
1797 Buphthalmum W.
1849 Sphaernthus W.
Suaoader II.
Lactuci.e.
Tribe 3. Paototype.
1626 Picridium P. s.
1627 Snchus hy.
1650 Sclymus W.
1623 Arnopogon W.
Tribe 4.
1628 Lactuca ly,
Caepipee.
16:30 helminthia J.
16.34 Picris ji".
1653 Rhagadiolus hy.

1629 Chondrilla W.
1652 Zacintha Jy.

1667 Borkha'isia Dec.
1651 Lapsna W.
1632 Apargia W.
1636 Lagseris L.
Tribe 5.
16:30 Prennthes W.
1635 Hiercium L.
1650 Hypochaeris W.
1620 Geropogon W.
Hieracies.
1641 Talpis iv.

1644 Krigia hy.
1649 Soldevilla lag.

1654 Moscria F. per.
Tribe 6.
1647 Robertia nich.
1648 Seriola W.
1621 Tragopogon W.
16.3 Thrincia hy
1631 Lentodon W.
Sconvoxenee.
1625 Scorzone/ra Jy.
1622 Trximon Gaert.
1645 Hysers p;"
1624 Podospermum Dec.

Suborden III.
1628 Crpis it.

1640 Myoseris Lk.
1642 Rthia M.
1642 Andryala iv
1657 Catannche it'.

l7 Cichorium hy
1646 Hedypnois W.
App Mostyle/fe.
1678 Palafxia Lag.

Subonner iV.
he up a tonneli.
Tribe 7. Agenatee.
1688 Caelestina Cass.
1700 Lavenia W.
1689 Stevia Iy.
1687 Ageratum W.
Tribe 8.
1704 Piquria W.
Aacherype.
1683 Mikania py.
1685 Eupatrium hy.
Tribe 9. Liatripe e.
1682 Litris W.
Subonnen V.
AMBROSIEAf.
Tribe 10, Ives.

1841 1/va Jy.
Tribe 11.
1974 Xanthium
Suborden V1.
Aachetype.
1977 Ambrsia
ANThe MidE/t.
Tribe 12. Chavsawrheme t.

1Ton Artemisia ty.
1711 H (, mea sn.
185 Soliva F. per.
1774 Cenia J.
1775 Ctula it'.
1718 Balsamita it'.
1719 Pentzia Th.
1760 Chrysnthemum ty.
1720 Tanacetum hy
177! Matricria hy
1773 Lidbeckia is .
1834 Hippia W.
1776 Grngea W.
1788 Chrysanthllum
1770 Pyrethrum n'.
Tribe 13. SANTollwee.

1777 Anacyclus ty.
1717 Athanksia py.

1715 Otnthus Lk.
1714 Santolina ji".
P. s.
1778 Anthemis hy
1781 Achillea py.

1806. Osmites py.
1837 Eriocephalus W.
1816 Sphengyne R.Br.
Suborden VII. ARCT0th DEAE.

Tribe 14.
1812 Gorteria py.
1813 Gaznia H. K.
Tribe 15.
1814 Cryptostmma R.Br.
Goaternee.
1811 Didelta py.

1801 Galrdia hy.
1809 Cullfimia h. K.
1810 Berckhya h. K.
Aachetype.
1815 Arctothca hy.
3 Z.
1831 Arcttis il. K.
1074
NATURAL ARRANGEMENT,
Suborder VIII. CALENDULEAE.
Tribe 16. ARcherver.
1830 Calndula W.
Tribe 17. OsteosPERMea.
1832 Osteosprmum W.
SUborder IX.
Tribe 18.
MUTISIEAE.
Anchetype.
1748 Chaetanthra F7.per.

Tribe 19. GERBERIEAs.
1829 Chaptlia Went.
1750 Gerbria Burm.
1752 Perdicium H. K.
SUBoader X. TUSSILAGINEAE
1737 Tussilgo W.
Suborder XI.
NASSAU/IEAE.
Tribe 20. TRIxide e.
1686 Dumerlia Lag.
1825 Trixis Dec.
Tribe 21. Archetype.

1656 Triptilion F. per.
CARLINEAE.
1677 Staehelina W.
SUbonder XII.
1671 Acrna W.
1670 Atrctylis W.
1658 Baczia F7 per.
1676 Cardoptum Pers.

1669 Carlina Jy.
1662 Saussrea Dec.
1819 Centaura W.
1660 A*rctium hy.

1663 Carduus fy.
1675 Urthamus W.
Suborder XIII. CENTAURIEAE.

1665 Cnicus W.
Suborden XIV.
1668 Cynara W.
1820 Galctites P. S.
1817 Zoe'gea W.
CARDUINEAE.
1666 Onoprdum W.
1667 Berrdia Will.
E.ChinoPSEAE.
1699 Lagsca Cav.
Suborden XVI.
1740 A'rnica W.
1702 Kleinia py.
TAGETINEAE.
1766 Sella Spreng.
hELIANTHEAE.
Tribe 22.
1782 Tridax W.
1707 Clea W.
1716 Calecte R.Br.
Helenier.
1690 Cephalophora W.
1792 Galinsgea W.
1755 Helnium Ji'.
1692 Hymen
1804 Corepsis W.
1824 Slphium W.
1761 Heterosprmum IV. 1791 Synedrlla P.S.
1840 Parthnium W.
1753 Tetragonothca W.
Tribe 24.
Archetype.
1807 Enclia Cav.

1798 Helinthus py
1693 Melananthra Mi
1709 Petrbium R. Br.
1780 Sanvitlia Cav.

1805 Simsia Pers.
1698 Platypteris Kth.
1695 Spilnthes W.
1708 Isocrpha R.Br.
1696 Slmea Dec.
1823 Baltimra W.
1799 Gymnolmia Kth.

1796 Helipsis P. S.
Tribe 25.
Tribe 26
1852 Brotra W.
1712 Caeslia Jy.
1787 Meyra Swz.

1779 Centrosprmum Spr.
Rudheckies.
1795 Pasclia Jy.
1800 Rudbeckia hy.
1700 Verbesina W.
1754 Ximenesia W.
1768 Zinnia W.
1802 Tithnia Dey

1821 Wedelia Jy.
Milleries.
1827 Chrysgonum L.
1735 Mdia W.
1854 Euxnia Cham.

1847 Nauenbrgia W.
1845 Flavria Juss.
1828 Melampdium W.
1808 Sclerocrpus W.
1789 Siegesbeckia W.
1822 Milleria P. S.
1794. Zaluzania P. S.
Subordea XVIII.
1826 Polymnia W.
1783 Amllus hy.

1743 Kaulf'ssia Nees.
1732 Bccharis W.
1733 Molina Ft. per.
ASTERE.E.
1757 Bllium hy.
1772 Boltnia W.
1739 A^ster W.
1756 Bllis Jy.

1742 Caltis R. Br.
1705 Chryscoma W.
1736 Erigeron W.
1740 Solidago W.
J.
##
1694
1762 Schkhria W.
Tribe 23. Coreopsides.

1758 Dhlia Cav.
1697 Bidens W.
1803 Csmea hy.
1760 Tagtes W.
1759 Boebra W.
1763 Pectis Jy.
Suborder XVII.
1786 Eclipta W.
1661 Serrtula /V.
1664 Silybum Gert.
1818 Lezea Dec.
Suborder XV.
1850 Echinops W.
1703 Acmlla P. S.
1729 Xeranthemum W.
1674. Onobrma Garrt.
1673 Stobaea Th.
Subonden XIX. SENECIONES.

1751 Dornicum hy.
1701 Caclia Jy.
1833. Othnna W.
1741 Cinerria W.
Subonden XX. WERNONIEAE.

1843 Elephantpus W.
1851 Rolndra Jy.
17.13 Ethalia. W.
1684 Sparganphorus Gaertn.
1803 Gundlia W.
1672 Stoksia
'.
1784 StArkea W.
1836 Psiadia W.
1746 Grindlia W em.

1679 Pternia Iy.
1738 Senecio Jy.
1706 Tarchonnthus hy.

1680 Vermonia hy
1691 Ampherphis Kth.
Onoer XC.
1075
CAMPANU la CEAE.
These differ from the last in not having the flowers in heads, in their usually distinct antherae, which are,
however, syngenesious in Loblia, in their polyspermous fruit, and also in exuding a milkyjuice. All the
genera are pretty, and some highly ornamental. They are mostly herbaceous, and by far the greater number
are extra-tropical, abounding especially in the woods and coppices of the North. The roots of Campnula
Rapnculus are used as a vegetable under the name of Rampion. The juice of some of the Loblias is highly
caustic and inflammatory; when taken internally, producing vomiting and even death: nevertheless, the root
of Loblia siphilitica, in small doses, acts as a
in greater quantity as diuretic or purgative, and, if
taken in considerable quantities, as an emetic. An infusion of Loblia inflta is used in North America as a
remedy for leucorrhoea; and the root of Loblia cardinlis is employed in the same country as a vermufuge.
464 Loblia W.
466 trachlium hy.
407 ntoella hy
463 Campnula W.
546 Lightfootia L'Her.
545 Cyphia W.
465 Phyteuma W.
895 Michauxia W.
onpea XCI.
834 Canarina is".

547 Jasione W.
GooDENOVIAE.
New Holland and South Sea herbs or undershrubs, very nearly akin to the last, from which they differ
more in artificial characters than in habit. All of them are pretty, and deserving culture. Nothing is known
of their properties.
468 Goodnia h. hr.
470 Dampira R.Br.
473 Scaevola R.Br.
469 Euthales R. Br.
472 Velleia Sm.
Order XCit.
Styli DEME.
Like the last, the

es of this very small but curious order are, if any, undiscovered. All are inhabit
ants of New Holland, and either herbs or half-herbaceous shrubs. They have pink flowers, ornamented with
glittering glands; their stamens are united into a column, which is terminated by a sessile stigma, and
which is irritable in so high a degree, that, if touched with a pin, it instantly starts from its place with great
elasticity.
y
1932 Stylidium R. Br.
oanea XC111.
GESNER1EAE.
Fine tropical herbs, with broad, fleshy, downy leaves, and purple or scarlet flowers. They all require stove
heat, and decayed vegetable soil; in their native country, which is chiefly equinoctial America, they are
found growing in the woods, where the earth is little more than a bed of rotten leaves and bark.
1290 Gesneria ji'.
1291 Gloxinia W.
Oaper XC1V.
ERiCEAE.
These are distinguished from the neighbouring orders by their polyspermous fruit, aristate anthers, and dry
shrubby habit. Every genus is eminently beautiful, and worthy of the most assiduous cultivation. The first
tribe is a native of hill-sides and open plains, chiefly of the extra-tropical regions of the earth. Some are
famous for their beauty, some for their fragrance, and many for their foliage. The heaths are the glory
of the Cape, the Arbutuses of Europe, the Andrmedas of America, and Clthra of the Canaries. The second
tribe is distinguished from the rest by its inferior berry, and is not less valuable for its fruit than conspicuous
for its beauty. The species are principally North American. Monotropeae stand in their systematic station as
they grow in their native woods, lowly herbs among thickets of bushes and trees. Rhodoraceae, once con
sidered a distinct order, are chiefly North American; their flowers are less tubular than those of true Ericeae;
but their habit is not materially different; here the Azlea the Klmia, and the Rhododendron, the pride of
European gardens, as they are of their native woods, find their station. The
of the fruit of Vaccinium
is well known; its bark is reckoned tonic, stimulant, and astringent, and their fruit slightly styptic. The
berries of Arbutus diva-firsi are considered lithontriptic; its leaves have also been employed successfully in
infusions in obstinate cases of gonorrhoea. Extract of Chimphila umbellata, in the form of pills, in doses of
five scruples a day, has been found successful in cases of dropsy. Some of the species
of narcotic
''.
":
qualities, this is the case with Ledum, Rhododendron chrysanthum, and especially Azlea pontica; honey
obtained from the juice of which is said by Xenophon, to have caused the death of many soldiers in the famous
retreat of the ten thousand. An infusion of Rhododendron maximum is used in America in cases of chronic
rheumatism, and that of Rhododndron pnticum in Asia, against gout and rheumatism.
284 Blaeria W.
892 Erica W.
534 Brossaea L.
Tribe 1.
535 itea L.
ERice e Vene.
1018 Gautheria W.
1019 A'rbutus Jy.
1017 Enkinthus B. M.
536 Cyrilla L.
1016 Andrmeda W.
Tribe 2.
WAccinies.
906 Oxycccus P.S.
907 Vaccinium L.
Tribe 3.
1022 Pyrola W.
Moworaopes
1023 Chimphila Ph.
Tribe 4. Rhodon Ace E.

403 Azlea hy
1011 Klmia Jy.
404 Chamaeldon Lk.
1012 Ledum py.
893 Menziesia Sm.
1013 Rhodra W.
SubcLAss III.
1020 C1&thra Jy.
1021 Mylocaryum W.en.
1008 Monotrpa W.
1014 Rhododndron py.
1015 Epigae a W.
1076 Bejria Ph.
COROLLIFLORAE.
Petals cohering in the form of a hypogynous corolla, which is not attached to the calyx.
To this subclass are to be referred all genera which have a monopetalous corolla, with the stamens inserted
into it, and a superior ovarium.
onneR XCV.
MYRSINEAE.
Showy shrubs, with evergreen undivided leaves, and cymes of white or red flowers. Theophrsta is a very
rare stove plant, with a simple stem, and undulated
toothed leaves. The Ardisias are common in col.
lections. None are natives of Europe, but are found in the hot parts of Asia, Africa, and America. Nothing
is known of their properties.
408 Theophrsta L.
4:25 Ardisia ty.
443 Baeobtry's Pahl.
409 Clavija F. per.
2160
R. Br.
'
'%'
1076
order XCVI.
SAPOTEAE.
These are also shrubs, which are mostly cvergreen, and natives of the warmer regions of the world. Some
of the Bumlias are found in the southern states of N. America, but none of the order exists in Europe.
They are chiefly valuable for their fruit, which, in many cases, contributes richly to the dessert. Mimusops
elngi, Imbricria malabrica, Siderxylon spinsum, are all of this description; the star apples of the West
Indies, the produce of several species of Chrysophyllum, and particularly of C. cainito, are esteemed delicious;
and the Medlars, Lucumas, and Sapotillas of equinoctial America, all the fruit of different kinds of A'chras,
are among the most valuable productions of the western world. The seeds of all the order are oily: those of
A'chras sapta are accounted diuretic and aperient. Their oil is not fluid, but so concrete as to have the
appearance and consistence of butter, whence the name of butter-tree has been applied to different species
both in Africa and India. The most famous of this description is the Indian mava, mahva, or madhuca, the
Bssia butyrcea of botanists; the seeds of which are so oleaginous, that a single tree has been known to
produce three quintals of oil; the dried flowers of the same tree are mixed by some Indians with their food,
and a kind of spirit is distilled from them by others. The juice of all the sapotas is milky, but not acrid and
poisonous like that of most other lactescent orders, but, on the contrary, yielding a wholesome beverage or
food. Here is supposed to belong the famous Palo de Vaca, or Cowtree of South America, the trees of which
are regularly milked by the inhabitants of the districts in which it grows. According to Brown, the bark of
some of the A'chrases is so astringent and febrifugal as to be substituted for quinquina.
423 Bumlia py.
426 Jacquinia W.
434 Manglilla Juss.
1024 Inocrpus W.
424 Chrysophyllum W.
427 A'chras W.
881 Mimusops W.
1074 Bssia W.
425 Siderxylon W.
433 Sersalisia R.Br.
ORDER XCVII, SYMPLOCACEAE.
Shruus with serrated leaves, turning yellow in drying, and small white flowers which are sometimes fragrant.
The leaves of most of them are astringent; those of Alstnia tinge the saliva greenish yellow, of Symplocos
tinctria are used in America under the name of Sweet-leaf, for dying yellow.
1614 Symplocos L.
Ogden XCVIII.
EBENACEAE.
&ome of these are hardy trees or shrubs, with deciduous leaves and white flowers, natives of woods, moun
tains, and banks of streams in North America and Europe; others are tropical evergreens. Among the
former, the best known are the Snow-drop tree, or Halsi, with pendent shewy white blossoms; and the
different species of Styrax: of the latter, many of the Diospyruses' produce are eatable fruit; as, for example,
the Mabolo of the Phillippine Islands, which is as big as a peach, and the Kaki of Japan, which resembles an
apricot. All these fruits are remarkable for their extreme austerity before maturity, and the necessity of
letting them decay, like our medlars, before they are fit for table. These are also distinguished for the excessive
hardness of their wood, and for the black colour it sometimes acquires when old, as the Ebony. The bark of
Diospyros virginiana is used in North America in intermittent fevers.
1035 Royna W.
2159 Diospyros W.
2086 Mba J.
1025 Styrax W.
Onner XCIX.
1081 Halsia W.
1105? Wisnea W.
OLEINAE.
Ihe olives are known by their monopetalous corolla, with a valvular aestivation, two stamens alternate with
the segments, a bilocular ovarium with no discus at the base, and pendulous collateral ovula. They were
formerly combined with the jasmines. They have all simple opposite leaves; their flowers are either white,
yellow, or purple, and frequently fragrant. The Phillyras are among our finest evergreens, and the Lilac or
Syringa perhaps at the head of hardy deciduous bushes. The ash is an anomalous genus which hardly belongs
to the order. The seed of the olive contains so large a proportion of fixed oil, that it has long been one of
the most important objects of cultivation in the s' of Europe. The bark and leaves of many Oleina are
bitter and astringent; these From

properties
are particularly apparent in the ash, which has often been employed
the exudation of many species of that genus, the mild purgative called
manna is formed; it is most commonly found upon the Ornus. M. Decandolle remarks, that in proof of the
natural affinity of the plants here combined, and of the propriety of separating the jasmines from them, it has
been found that all the olives as now restricted, will bud or graft upon one another, but not on the Jasmines.
Thus the lilac will graft on the ash, the Chionnthus, and the Fontansia, and even upon Phillyralatifolia.
and the olive will take upon the Phillyra, and even on the ash.
32 O'lea py.
34 Chionnthus W.
67 Linocira B. P.
69 o'rnus P. S.
33 Phillyra
36 ligstrum W.
66 Fontansia W.
2157 Frxinus W.
successfully as a febrifuge.
35 Notelaea R. P.
37 Syringa W.
ORoen C.
JASMINEAE.
Fragrance is the predominant property of the jasmine, and has made it for ages the favourite of poets and
of the people; this arises from the presence of an oil which can be extracted so as to retain its perfume, in
medicinal qualities, the jasmines do not differ materially from the last; they are neatly distinguished by
botanists by the direction of their ovula which are erect in Jasmineae, and pendulous in Oleinae.
38 Nyctnthes W.
39 Jasminum W.
ORDER CI.
APOCYNEAE.
We now turn from the contemplation of plants endued with mild and agreeable properties and fragrant
flowers, and often bearing food for man, to others which are among the most dangerous and fatal poisons;
whose
milky indeed,
like theorCowtree,
notare
a wholesome
and by
delicious
beverage
like those
of segments
Sal":
but
on juices,
the contrary
acrid, caustic,
bitter." are
They
readily known
the twisted
direction
of the
of the corolia, which have been compared to the rays of a Catherine's wheel, whence they were called by
Linnaeus, Contortae. By far the greatest part of the order consists of tropical trees and shrubs; a few
Apocynums, Amsnias, and Vincas, are natives of the colder zones of the earth. Many are elegant climbers,
as the different species of Echites and Melodinus. The splendid oleander belongs to Nerium; the diffe'."
species of Plumiria, Cameraria, strophanthus, and Arduina are stove plants of the greatest beauty. The
medicinal action of these plants is highly powerful. The Strychnos, or nux vomica tree, is remarkable for its
bitterness and acrid deleterious effects, which are indicated not only when introduced into the stomach, :
still more violently when absorbed into the system by inoculation. In general, the Apocyne" are ".
stimulating, and astringent; these principles, when in excess, act so powerfully on the nerves as ".
stupefaction. The root of Ophixylon is very bitter and purgative: under the name of snake-root it is us
in
India as an antidote
the bites
of serpents.
Theastringent
bark of and
Crbera
Manghas
purgative:
Echt:
antidysenterica,
and the to
Wrightia
of the
same name,
febrifugal;
theisleaves
of the".
Vinca
:
so astringent, that they have been used successfully in tanning; those of Nerium olender are said to aboun
in free gallic acid. The inspissated juice of a species of Cerbera, known in Mexico under the name of Ycotli,
is a fatal poison.
407 Allamnda W.
410 Winca W.
411 Nrium R. Br.
413 Echites R. Br.
412 Wrightia R. Br.
414 Ichnocarpus R. Br.
Plumiria py.
416 Strophanthus Dec.
415
--
=-"----- -
- - -
- - ---
417 Camerria W.
420. Cerbera py
418 Tabernaemontana W. 436 Arduina W.
2:52 Ophioxylon W.
1077
572 Apocynum R. Br.
4-8 Carissa Iy.

440 Gelsennium J.
441 Rauwolfia W.
437 Strychnos W.
573 Melodinus Forst.

2.992 Montia hy.
419 Amsnia Mich.

oadea Cil.
ASCLEP1ADEAE.
These differ from the last only in having the stamens united into a sort of fleshy crown, and the pollen
coherent in masses of a waxy substance hke that of Orchideae; their properties, habit and geographical
range, are much the same. Periplca is a singular instance of an asclepiadeous
plant
being a hardy shrub,
every other frutescent species of the order being natives of countries where frost is unknown. Hoya compre:
hends climbing plants, with waxen, clustered, odoriferous flowers distilling honey.
Pergulria is valued for its
fragrance, Ceropgia for its singularity, and Asclepias for beauty and hardiness. But the most extraordinary
genera of the order are Staplia, Piarnthus, and Huernia, in which the place of leaves is supplied by fleshy
short stems of various forms, and whose flowers are not less singular for t!: curious and complex organiza
tion, than they are remarkable for their strange coloring and spotting, and offensive for their foetor. The root
of Gymnma vomitrium, Asclepias curassvica, Caltropis procera, and some others, is employed in different
countries for ipecacuanha. An infusion of the root of Asclepias decambens has the singular property of
exciting general perspiration; whence it is successfully used in Virginia for pleurisy. It is very singular
that, in a tribe of plants so generally poisonous as these are, the young shoots of some species should be
an article of food: of this nature are Pergularia duits, Periplca esculnta, Apcynum indicum, and several
inore.
587 Gomphocrpus R.Br. 5:3 Ceropgia Rork
574 Periplca R.Br.

581 Cynnchum R. Br.
575 Cryptostgia R.Br. 582 Oxystelma R.Br.
576 Hemidsmus R.Br. 583 Gymnma R. Br.
ST7 Secamne R. Br.
584 Caltropis R. Br.
578 Microlma R.Br.
588
rt. Br.
589 Gonlobus R. Br.

590 Pergulria R.Br.
591 Marsdnia R.Br.
592 Hoya R.Br.
585 Dischidia h. Br.
579 Sarcostmma R.Br. 586 Xysmalbium R.Br.
594 Stapeha R.Br.

595 Piarnthus R. Br.
596 Huernia R. Br.
597 Brachystlma R. Br
598 Carallma R.Br.
580 Daemia R.Br.

onnea Cill.
GENTIANE e.
An order in some degree intermediate between Polemoniaceae and Scrophularineae, from both which it is
distinguished both by habit and fruit; some of the genera border closely upon Apocyneae.
The species are
natives of cool or mountainous regions or pools in all parts of the world." The Gentians are mostly dwarf
herbaceous plants, with deep blue flowers; the latter color, and different shades of orange, being the prevail
ing hues. They are all pretty, and many beautiful in the highest degree; but, with a few exceptions, they are
impatient of cultivation. The medicinal properties of the root of Gentina latea, rabra, and purporca, are
eminently tonic, stomachic, and febrifugal; their bitterness is second only to Qussia. Similar, but more
feeble virtues, are found in most of the order, especially in Villarsia ovta, Gentiana peruviana, Chirayita,
Frasera Walteri, &c. Spiglia anthlmia is used as a verinifuge; and the root of Spiglia marylndica infused
in water as anthelmintic, and in wine as febrifuge. Potlia amra is used in Guiana as an emetic. A kind
of spirit is distilled in Switzerland from the roots of Gentina, macerated in water.
281 Seba'a R.Br.
365 Existoma P. L.
600 Gentiana py.
368 Lognia R.Br.
282 brasera halt.
366 Erythrae a P. S.
5* Swertia py.
280 Exacum W.
#7 Sabbatia P. L.
379 Spiglia W.
362 Menyanthes it.
364 Chirnia L.
894 Chlra W.
378 Lislanthus hy.
order Civ.
363 Willrsia R.Br.
BiGNONIACEAE.
The showy trumpet-shaped flowers and broad leaves of these plants, render them objects of general admir
ation. The greatest number is found in the equinoctial regions, a few only passing beyond those limits to the
north Bignnia radicans is a hardy climbing plant, of exceeding beauty; and the Jacarndas are resplendent
with flowers of blue or purple, and leaves which emulate the elegance of the Acacia. Nothing important is
known of their qualities. Their wood is said to resist the attack of worms.
64 Catalpa Juss.
1294 Bignnia W.
1295 Jacarnda Juss.
Onner CV.
COBAEACEAE.
A climbing genus with large purple flowers, recently separated from the Bignnias by Mr. Don.
is known of its medicinal properties.
Nothing
388 Coba'a Cav.

Oaden CVI.
POLEMONIACEAE.
Herbaceous plants with showy blue, red, or white flowers, and often with pinnated leaves. They are natives
of cool or mountainous parts in Europe and America. Nothing is known of their properties.
369 Phlox hy
70 Polemnium hy.
389 Cntua W.
390 Hoitzia Cav.
Orden CVII. CONVOLVULACEAE.

Nearly the whole of these are twining plants, with shewy flowers expanding beneath the influence of bright
sunshine. A few are shrubs, but the greater part are herbaceous, and very many annual. They are fre
quently, also, weeds, which, from their creeping roots, are difficult to extirpate. All parts of the world
produce them, from the cold regions of the north to the burning soil of the equator. Cscuta is a singular
parasite, wholly destitute of leaves. The root of many is filled with a milky acrid juice, which is very purgative.
Scammony, jalap, and some other drugs, are the produce of Convolvulaceae. The root of Convolvulus
fridus and scoparius, and Ipomae a quamclit, is stimulatory; that of Convlvulus battas, which is the
sweet potato of America and Southern Europe; and Convlvulus dulis are wholesome articles of food.
Hydroleae are little known, pretty, herbaceous plants, mostly with blue flowers, native both of cold and
tropical countries; Diapensia apponica being an inhabitant of Lapland mountains, and Hydrlea spinsa of
West Indian marshes. Their botanical characters are very nearly the same as those of Polemoniaceae. The
roots of Hydrlea spinsa are reputed bitter, and slightly purgative.
Tribe 1.
Genuins.
383 Ipomae'a R. Br.
387 Calystgia R. Br.
384 Convlvulus iv.
385 Argyrla Lour.
602 Falkia L.
695 Evlvulus L.
601 Hydrlea hy.
358 Diapnsia W.
Tribe 2.
Orpen CVIII.
310 Cscuta JP.

603 Dichndra W.
391 Retzia Th.
Hydnoles.
359 Pyxidanthra Mi.
port AGINEAE.
True Boragineae are chiefly herbaceous plants, with alternate exstipulate leaves, the surface of which is
covered over with minute asperities, and with flowers arranged in one-sided spikes or racemes, occasionally
solitary. Each flower has also four distinct little nuts or seeds, as they are commonly called. Some Echiums
3 Z 3
----
-*-*=-
- -- -
1078
and a few more are shrubs. They are found abundantly in Europe, Siberia, and the North of Africa, less
commonly in India, and the equinoctial parts of the world; in some quantity in North America, and in
tolerable abundance in New Holland. Within the tropics the order is principally represented by Heliotrpiums
and Tournefrtias; in colder latitudes by Anchasas, Cynoglssums, herbaceous, Echiums, and the like.
Some are mere weeds, quite unworthy of culture; others are eminently beautiful, as many Echiums,
Onsmas, Onosmdiums, Symphytums, and others. In general they are mucilaginous and emollient, qualities
which are especially abundant in the root of Symphytum and Cynoglossum.
re nitre has been found in
several plants of the order. A red color is given out by Anchsa tinctria, Lithosprmum tinctrium, and
Onsma echioides, which is used in dying. Several plants are employed on the same account in America. The
Hydrophylleae are often considered as distinct, on account of their capsular fruit and cartilaginous albumen.
One or two of these are pretty plants, but most of them mere weeds.
Tribe 1.
Asperifolik.
316 Coldnia W.
330 Lithosprmum W.
336 Cynoglssum W.
342 Aspergo W.
325 Heliotrpium L.
326 Myostis B. P.
327 Echinosprmum Sul.
331 Btschia Mich.

332 Onsma Jy.
337 Omphaldes Lehm.
343 Nnea Mnch.
358 Pulmonria W.
339 Cerinthe W.
345 E^chium W.
340 Borgo W.
341 Trichodsma R.Br.
346 Tournefortia R.Br.

847 Nolna W.
333 Anchusa W.
334 Symphytum W.
335 Onosmdium Mich.
328 Mttia Sch.

329 Tiaridium Lehm.
Tribe 2.
372 Hydrophyllum W.
344 Lycpsis W.
Hydrophyllee.
373 Phacelia Mich.

order CIX.
386 Nemphila Nutt. 432 Ellisia W.
CORDIACEAE.
Trees formerly referred to the last order, from which their habit, plaited cotyledons, and dichotomous style
givide them. Little is known of their properti
except that the flesh of their fruit is emollient and much
laginous. The nuts of Crdia Sebestna are employed sometimes as laxatives.
428 Crdia W.
430 Ehrtia W.
429 Warrnia W.
431 Bourrria Gaert.
ORDER CX. SOLANEAE.
The baneful nightshade represents this order, which participates very generally in its qualities, although
they are frequently hidden beneath a fairer form, and often
ted, Many of the Solnums are very
handsome. The Verbscums, Dataras, and Solndras are all plants of great beauty, although the former, on
account of their
frequency,
are despised
in gardens.
Cpsicums
famous
their
pungent
fruitofand
Brunsflsias
for their
fragrance,
and Nicotianas,
or Tobacco,
forare
their
foetor.forThe
leaves
indeed
theseeds:
whole
order are disagreeably scented. The usual effect of Solaneae is narcotic; but it is thought that this has been
exaggerated, on account of the intense and deleterious properties of Atropa belladonna. These, acco".
ing to the observations of Vauquelin, depend upon the presence of a bitter nauseous matter which is soluble
in spirits of wine, forming with tannin an insoluble compound, and giving out ammonia when decomposed by
fire. Notwithstanding the narcotic power of the roots of the Mandrake, the Belladnna, and others, those of
the potato are found to contain an abundant faecula, which is among the most valuable food of man. The
leaves of many Solaneae are exciting and narcotic, but in very unequal degree, as in Tobacco, Phfsalis,
Henbane,
those
of the Nightshade
vertigo, to
convulsions,
and vomiting.
juice of
Stramonium
is
given in&c.;
North
America,
in doses of excite
from twenty
thirty grains,
in cases ofThe
epilepsy.
. The
fruit of
Physalis Alkekngi is a veterinary diuretic; that of P. edulis is used in tarts; that of Solnum Lycoprsicum,
and Melongena, is served at table in various forms, under the name of Tomatoes and Aubergines.
381 Hyoscyamus L.
375 Verbscum W. G.
374 Ramnda P. S.
1377 Alonsa H. K.
1376 Celsia py.
376 Datara Jy.
mansia P. S.
icndra J.
382
273 Witheringia W.
450 Lycium W.
W.
446 A tropa W.
447 Mandragra W. en
448 Physalis W.
449 Sarcha F. per.
#.
371 Vstia W. en.
451 Solnum W.
452 Nycterium Went.
453
Jy.
1836 Crescentia Jy.
1375 Brunsflsia W.
445 Solndra W.
446 Cstrum W.
1378 Anthocrcis R. Br.

1000? Cdon W.
ORDER CXI.
OroBANCHEAE.
Leafless parasites on roots, with brown or colorless scaly stems and flowers.
1335. Orobnche W.
1339 Lathraea W.
ORDER CXII. SCROPHULARINEAE.
A great part of Linnaeus's Didynamia Angiospermia is found here, capsular fruit and didynamous stamens
being among the most obvious characteristics of the order. The species are generally herbs with opposite
leaves, very rarely shrubs; and natives of mountains, valleys, ditches, woods, and waysides, in all parts of the
world. The Personatae have the palate so prominent as to close up the orifice of the corolla. Ringentes have
the palate open. Some, are highly ornamental, as Digitlis, Pediculris, Calceolria, &c.; others are mere
weeds, as is the case with a large proportion of them. Most of them have a weak unpleasant smell, a bitterish
taste, and acrid and suspicious properties; but this odor is sweet and aromatic in the Amblia of Lamarck;
the taste is refreshing in Mimulus luteus, which is a culinary plant in Peru, and the ordinary acrid properties
become emollient in some Antirrhinums. The Rhinanthaceae are remarkable for their astringent tonic bark
and leaves. The leaves and roots of Scrophulria aqutica, Gratiola officinlis and peruvina, and Calceolar",
act as purgatives, or in strong doses produce vomiting: these properties exist, in a high degree, in Digital"
purporea. The leave of this plant, reduced to powder, excite vomiting and vertigo, excite urine and saliva,
and lower the pulse: in too strong doses they cause death; in moderate doses they are useful in scrophula,
dropsy, asthma, &c.
Tribe 1.
1343 Antirrhinum J.
1344. Linria J.
1345 Anarrhinum Desf.
40 Vernica py.
43 Gratola W.
51 Calceolria W.
276 Scoparia W.
279 Buddlea W.
1:7 Pentstmon W.
863 Disndra W.
1338 Hallria W.
1348 Gerrdia W.
Personate (or RhinANrhaceae).

1342 Euphrsia W.
1346 Nemsia Pent.
1347 Maurndya W.
1349 Pediculris W.
Tribe 2.
1350 Erinus JV.
1351 Mimulus W.
1340 Rhinnthus W.
1341 Brtsia W.
Rixoextes.
1359 Limoslla W.
1360 Browllia JV.
1352 Hornemnnia W. en
1361 Stemdia W.
1353 Mzus Lour.
1357 Vandellia 1.
1362 Trevirna W. en.

1363 Columnea W.
1364 Russlia W.
1365 Dodrtia W.
1366 Lindernia R. Br.
1358 Sibthorpia W.
1367 Herpstis R. Br.
1354 Isoplxis Lindl.

1355 Digitlis W.
1356 Scrophulria W.
1337 Castillja Sm.

1299 Tourrttia J.
1298 Chelne W.
1368 Caprria P. S.
1369 Buchnra B. P.
1370 Manflea W. en.
1371 Angelnia Kt.

1372 Schiznthus R. & P.
1373 Beslria W.
1374 Tedia P. S.
1379 Cymbria W.
Tribe 3.
1079
Melamrynaces.
1315 Melampyrum W.
Oapen CX111.
LAB1ATAE.
A portion of Diandria Monogynia, and the whole of Didynamia Gymnospermia of Linnaeus, make up
Labiatae, which are characterized by their didynamous stamens, four littlenuts or naked seeds, single style, and
irregular corolla. They are mostly natives of extra-tropical countries, although under the form of
Anisomles, Lecas, O'cymum, &c, they are found in the hottest zones of the world. Many are extremely
odoriferous in the leaves, some bear handsome flowers, but by far the greater part are no better than weeds.
They are all remarkable for their tonic, cordial, and stomachic virtues: they contain both a bitter and an
aromatic principle, in different proportions. The bitterness which is given out in decoctions, resides in a gum
resinous secretion, abounding in some Teficriums, which are
employed as stomachics, and some
times as febrifuges: those which abound in essential oil, and which are consequently aromatic, are used as
stimulants. From the different degree of combination of these principles in different plants, they have obtained
various uses; such as savory, thyme, marjoram, for seasoning of food, sage, balm, ground ivy for tea; marum,
marjoram, lavender, and thyme, for sternutatories; others, such as lavender, mint, balm, and rosemary, for
werfumes. It is a remarkable fact, that the essential oil of all contains camphor, which exists in such quantity
in sage and lavender, that it has been supposed that the separating of it might become an object of commerce.
#:
* 1.
55 Lycopus W.
56 Amethystea W.
57 Ziziphora W.
$ 2.
1242 ATuga W.
1243 Anisomeles R. Br.
1254 Mentha W.
255 Perilla Jy.
1244 Tecrium W.
1256 Hyptis Poit.
1245 Westringia Sm.

1246 Saturja W.
1247 Thymbra W.
1948 Hyssopus W.
1249 Npeta W.
12.57 Horminum ort.

1258 Glchonna py.
1259 Lmium W.
1250 Elsholtzia W.
1251 Lavndula W.
125. Sidritis Jy.
1262 Betnica hy.
1253 Bystropgon W.
Diandrae.
58 Cnila P. s.
59 Hedeonna P. s.
60 Monrda W.
61 Rosmarinus W.
62 Salvia W.
63 Collinsonia W.
Tetrandrae.
1260 Galepsis hy.

1261 Galeobdolon, E. B.
1266
1267
1268
1260
1270
1271
1272
Marrbium py".
Leonarus fl. Br.
Phlrnis it. Br.
Leticas it. Br.
Leontis R. Br.
Molucclia hy
Clinopdium W.
1278 Melissa Jy.
1279 Dracocephalum W.
1280 Melittis hy.
281 o'cymum hy.

1282 Plectrnthus py.
1283 Trichosterna hy.
1284 Prostanthra R.Br.
1273 Pycnnthemum Th.
1285 Scutellria iv.
1263 Stchys W.
1274 Origanum W.
1275 Thymus L.
1264 Zietenia Pers.

1265 Ballta W.
1276 A cynos Pers.

1277 Calamintha Ph.
1286 Prunella is".

1287 Clenia py.
1288 Prsium in
1289 Phryma W.
oaden cxlv. PEDALINAE
Herbaceous plants, formerly included in Bignoniaceae, from which

are distinguished by the small
number of seeds in each cell of the fruit.
Natives of the tropics, with shewy trumpet-shaped flowers.
The seeds of Ssamum abound in oil, which is easily expressed, for which the common species is extensively
cultivated in hot countries.
1296 Ssamum W.
1300 Martynia W.
Oapen CXV.
1331 Pedalium W.
MYOPORINEAE.
south Sea and New Holland shrubs, with scarcely any hair. The leaves are simple, alternate, or opposite,
with no stipulae. The flowers, scarlet, white, or blue, axillary without bracter. These are very near Verbe.
naceae. Stenochilus is the handsomest genus of the order: the Avicennias are shore plants, growing in the
lace of the mangroves, and shooting their long roots to a great distance among the mud, sometimes to the
of six feet along the surface before they fix themselves. Their medicinal properties, if any, are
f:
unknown.
1323 Avicnnia L.
1332 Myoprum Forst.
1333 Stenochilus R.Br.
oapen CXVI.
1334 Bntia R.Br.
VERBENACEAE.
A mixture of weeds and shewy herbs, of humble creeping plants and of lofty timber trees. Some of the
Vitexes and Clerodndrums are handsome shrubs: Aloysia is esteemed for the fragrance of its flowers, and
Holmskildia for the refulgent scarlet of its enlarged calyxes. Tctona produces the famous Indian teakwood.
No properties of consequence have been attributed, by medical men, to any plant of the order, those formerly
ascribed to the vervain and chaste-tree being now disregarded. The species are natives of waysides in Europe,
and of woods and barren plains in the tropics.
1322 Verbna L.
274 Egiphila W.
1313 Aloysia F. per.
1325 Clerodndrum B. P.
54
Wahl
421 Tctona W.
1316 Selgo W.
1326 Volkamria H. K.
1319 Zapnia J.
1309 Hebenstreitia W.
1312 Lantna W.
1327 Holmskildia h. K.
1320 Priva P. S.
1310 Hsta Jacq.
1311 Gmelina W.
1328 Petra py.
1.314 Lippia L.
1317 Vitex Jy.
1321 Spielmnnia W.
1329 Citharexylum Jr.
272 Calicrpa W.
1318 Cornatia W.
1324 Caldsia W.
1330 Durnta. W.
#"
65 Ghinia W.
orden CXVII.
ACANTHACEAE.
These are known by the elastic dehiscence of their capsules, and the hooked processes of the seeds. They
are almost entirely tropical herbs or shrubs, with the pubescence, if any, simple or capitate, but never stellate.
Their leaves are opposite, occasionally arranged in fours, simple and undivided, or very seldom lobed. The
flowers are either in imbricated heads or open racemes, always enclosed in their bracteac; and are white, blue,
ellow, scarlet, or purple. Some of the
ies are very shewy, but few of them are cultivated commonly; a
rge proportion are mere weeds. The Thunbrgias are fine climbers, and the Acnthus mllis, the foliage
of which gave rise to the classical acanthus of architecture, is, perhaps, except Morina prsica, one of the
most interesting of hardy herbaceous plants. It is also one of the few species to which any medical properties
are ascribed, being used sometimes as an emollient by reason of its mucilage. Justicia biflra is employed in
Egypt as a poultice, J. Ecblium as a diuretic, and J. pectorlis as a vulnerary.
45 Elytrria M.
49 Ernthemum P. B.
1304 Rullia.J.
1306 Aphelndra R.Br.
46 Hypostes R. Br.
1802 Barteria py.
1305 Blchum R. Br.
1307 Crossndra P. L.
47 Justicia W.
1303 Phaylopsis Juss.
1301 Acnthus W.
1308 Thunbrgia W.
48 Dicliptera W.
Oaper CXVIII.
LENTiPULARIAE.
Very pretty interesting aquatics, which are scarcely susceptible of cultivation, except in a few cases. The
Pinguiculas are either European or North American, inhabiting elevated patches in bogs: the Utriculrias
are floaters, found in most countries in marshes and little rills: their flowers, are white, yellow, or blue.
52 Pinguicula W.
53 Utriculria W.
3 Z 4
1080
ORder CXIX.
PRIMULACEAE.
Beautiful dwarf herbs, inhabiting the mountains and meadows of all parts of the world, but especially in
the northern hemisphere. Nothing can be more lovely than the little delicate alpine Primulas, Androsces,
Aretias, and Soldanellas, with their little modest blossoms, sometimes rivalling the whiteness of the surround.
ing snow, sometimes emulating the intense blue of the empyrean, as if the one had borrowed its hues from
heaven, and the other from the spotless mantle of the earth. Hottnia is a naiad of the stream, inhabiting
several parts of England, in ponds and ditches, which are enlivened for many a month with its rosy flowers,
peeping from among the sedge and under grass, by which it is environed. Ail the genera are familiar to gar
deners, except Centanculus and Schwenckia, of which the former is singular in the order, as being an obscure
Jainute weed, and the latter has inelegant green flowers, curious to the botanist but ungrateful to the florist.
The prominent botanical character is the one-celled fruit, with a central placenta, and the stamens opposite
the petals. The properties of Primulaceae are feeble and of little consequence; they appear to be slightly
astringent and bitter; the root of Cyclamen is acrid, and only eaten by wild boars; the flowers of the
Primrose and cowslip are fragrant, and mildly sudorific and soporific. Cortsa Mathiola has been used in
nervous disorders.
350 Primula hy
349 Androsce W.
352 Soldanlla py.

353 Dodectheon W.
348 Artia W.
354 Cyclamen W.
351 Cortsa W.
355 Hottnia W.
356 Lysimchia W.
392 Lubinia Comm.
357 Anagllis W.
360 Cris hy.
ORDER CXX.
277 Centnculus W.
42 Schwnckia W.
471 Samlus W.
862 Trientlis
GLOBULARINAE.
Pretty alpine plants with blue flowers. The leaves of Globulria ATypum are very bitter and powerfully
purgative, giving at the same time a tone to the stomach and intestines.
260 Globulria W.
Order CXXI,
PLUMBAGINEAE.
These are properly placed at the limit between Monochlamydeae and Dichlamydeae, to either of which they
are referable in the minds of some botanists, although it appears, upon the whole, to be most convenient to
station them where they are now arranged. They are low shrubs or herbaceous plants, with shewy red or
blue flowers of an arid texture, inhabiting salt marshes and subalpine tracts, in the temperate latitudes of
both the northern and southern hemispheres. All the Sttices and Armrias are fine plants worth culti
vating. The root of Sttice Limnium is astringent and tonic; of the Plumbgos, the root and whole plant
are acrid and caustic, and employed as vesicatories.
324 Plumbgo W.
705 Armria W en.
SUBDIvision II.
706 Sttice W. en.
MONOCHLAMYDEAE.
Perianthium simple.
The absence of corolla characterizes this subdivision of dicotyledonous vegetation; but as the term
corolla is subject to frequent misunderstanding, it should be borne in mind, that whenever there is only one
floral envelope, that envelope is to be considered calyx, whether green, as in most cases, or colored, as in the
Marvel of Peru.
Oaper CXXII.
PLANTAGINEAE.
Little inconspicuous herbs found in waste places all over the world. The leaves are stellate, and occasionally
ternate; the pubescence is jointed; the flowers are brownish, and arrayed in dense spikes. Their leaves are
rather bitter and astringent; their seeds mucilaginous and rather acrid; those of Plantgo arenria are
imported in large quantities from the south of France, for the purpose of forming an infusion in which
muslins are washed. P. mdia is sometimes cultivated by farmers under the name of ribgrass.
278 Plantgo W.
1967 Littorella Jy.
ORDER CXXIII.
NYCTAGINEAE.
With the exception of Mirbilis, in which the colored calyx has a shewy effect, all the order consists of
weeds, growing often among the loose sand on the sea coast of the tropics and western hemisphere; none are
found in Europe. The Abrnias are curious, neat, and often fragrant. The root of Mirabilis Jalapa Wats
formerly considered the jalap, which is now known to be an error; it is however purgative, although in a less
degree. Boerhavia tubersa is also a reputed purgative.

19 Boerhavia W.
81 Calymnia R. P.
322 Mirbilis W.
ORDER CXXIV.
323 Abrnia Juss.
864 Pisnia W.
AMARANTHACEAE.
Upon this order Dr. von Martius has the following remarks: Leaves, especially when # of a lax soft
texture, abounding in saccharine, mucilaginous, and fibrous particles, and therefore fit for food. , The seeds
are farinaceous, consisting chiefly of starch and mucus. Their virtues are nutritive, emollient, demulcent;
the root of Gomphrma officinlis is tonic and stimulant. The species are either gregarious or solitary;
mostly diffuse and villous, and existing in dry stony exposed places, or erect and reclining on other vegetables,
with little pubescence, when found on the 'skirts of ancient forests; a few are found in saline coast places;
finally, they are more common in low land, little elevated above the surface of the sea, than in mountainous
regions. They are met with in both hemispheres; rarely under the equator, but increasing both north,
wards and southwards as we recede from them; they are confined to no countries in
icular, but are found
to affect all regions of the world. Among an abundance of weeds, we distinguish a few fine plants deserving
cultivation, as the Globe Amarnthus, the Cockscombs, and a few species of Amarnthus, one of which, under
the name of Love-lies-bleeding, is commonly reared for the sake of its long, tail-like, pendent masses of crimson
flowers. Amarnthus olerceus, and a few others, are occasionally cultivated as potherbs.
552 Achyrnthes W.
556 Alternanthra R.Br. 563
Deeringia R.Br.
918 Aphananthe I.i.
553 Philoxerus R. Br.
560 Erfia Juss.
565 Celsia R.Br.
1975 Amarnthus hy.
554. Desmochaeta Dec.
561 Lestibudsia R.Br.

ORDER CXXV.
566 Gomphrna R.Br.
2009 Irsine W.
ILLECEBREAE.
weeds distinguished from Amaranthaceae by their membranous stipules. They are found in dry barren
places, for which they are better fitted than for a garden, unless as objects of curiosity.
555 Illecebrum Juss.
557 Paronychia Juss.

559 Anychia Mich.
569 Mllia py.

614 Herniria W.
ORDER CXXVI.
82 Loflingia W.
221 Polycarpon W.
226 Minurtia Jy.
227 Quria W.
CHENOPODEME.
The habit of this order is a better distinction from Amaranthaceae, than any artificial character which it is
easy to point out. While Amaranthaceae have a dry perianthium with a dense inflorescence, Chenopodea on
the contrary have a fleshy perianthum and a very effuse inflorescence. In the former, the stamens are usually
NATURAL ARRANGIEMENT.
1081
inserted under the ovarium; in the latter into the calyx, but this mark is not constant. None of them, unless
Phytolcca is excepted, can be esteemed plants of ornament; on the contrary, they have a weedy uninviting
appearance, which is not improved by the fetid smell of some of them. But, although their appearance is less
attractive than that of the Amaranths, their use to man is far more considerable. Their qualities are very
various; Camphorisma has the smell of camphor; Petiveria stinks like onions; Phytolacca roots, leaves, and
berries, are violent purgatives and emetics; the latter are esteemed in North America nearly equal to Guaiacum,
and are employed in chronic rheumatisms, and in rheumatic pains following venereal diseases; an extract of
the berries has been employed in scrophula and cancerous ulcers; and the young shoots of the plant are eaten
in the United States as asparagus. Some of the Chenopodiums, as Ambrosioides, Btrys, &c., possess anti
spasmodic and tonic properties; the leaves of Spincia, and of many Chenopdiums, are eaten as spinach; as
are those of Basella in China and India. Salsla and Salicrnia are often employed as pickles. Beet roots are
equally valuable as a culinary and agricultural production, and the leaves are an excellent vegetable when
boiled. But the most remarkable feature in the properties of the order is the abundant production of soda,
which is obtained from many of the species, as from all the Salslas, Salicrnias, Anabsis, many species of
Atriplex, several salt marsh Chenopodiums, and others. The seeds of Chenopdium anthelminticum are
used as a vermifuge, those of Atriplex hortensis excite vomiting, frequently attended with acute pain; those
of Chenopodium quina are said to be used as rice. To conclude this list of remarkable properties in one of
the most vile of all assemblages of plants, the roots of beet yield an abundance of sugar.
21 Poliichia it'.
608 Anabasis is'.
254 Camphorosma W.
1943 Axyris W.
* Polycnemum W.
611 Chenopdium W.
2 Salicrnia W.
558 Chenolea hy.

61.3 Bsea ji'.
28 Bintum py.
6 * Salsa W.
610 Kochia Roth.
612 Beta W.
203 Rivina W.
26 Corisprmum W.
onioka CXXV it.
f*3 Basella iy.

865 Petive ria it'.
917 Galenia ii.
1071 Phytolacca ty.

1937 Ceratocarpus W.
1964 Diotis hy.
2070 Spinacia
2138 A triplex
2139 hthagodia ft. Br.
2072 Acnida W.
PolyGo NEAE.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent fleshy-leaved plants, chiefly natives of the northern hemisphere; a few
Polygonums and Coccolbas are found to the south, the former in barren places, the latter on sea shores. A
reat part of the order consists of worthless weeds. Some of the Polygonums, and all the Erigonums, are
plants; the Rheums are famous in medicine. The root of Rheum is tonic and purgative; most of
the Romexes and Polygonums are also tonics. The juice of the Coccolbasis very astringent. The young
leaves and shoots of several species of Ramex and Rheum are eaten either raw or baked, under the name of
sorrel, French sorrel, and tart rhubarb. For the sake of its seeds, Polygonum Fagopyrum is cultivated by
farmers under the name of buck-wheat; the seeds of P. aviculare are very emetic and purgative. The fleshy
calyx of the Coccolbasis colored; and, the fruit growing in clusters, the genus has received the name of the
sea-side grape.
228 Koenigia W.
857. Oxyria Dec.
937 Frigonum Mi
1106 Calligonum hy
8:38 Atraphxis W.
921 Polygonum W.
9.8 Rheum W.
2000 Triplaris W.
806 Rumex W.
922 Coccolba W.
Onden CXXVIII.
1052 Brunnichia W.
BEGONIACEAE.
The acid qualities,

stipules, and alternate leaves of these tropical herbs approximate them to
Polygoneae, notwithstanding the very different structure of their fructification. Most of the species are
pretty, some very handsome; all requiring great heat and humidity to be grown in perfection.
1989 Begnia W.
-
onoga CXXix.
LAURINEAE.
Noble trees or shrubs with handsome foliage and inconspicuous flowers. They are chiefly natives of hot
countries, where they constitute some of the most valuable of the productions known under the name of
spice. By botanists they are readily recognized by the singular circumstance of their anthers having each
four cells, the valves of which are hanged as it were to the upper edge of each cell, and do not open longitu
dinally like those of most other plants. It is well known that the cinnamon is the produce of the Laurus
cinnamomum, and that its properties are eminently aromatic, warm, and stomachic. The same peculiarities,
but in a less degree, exist also in Latirus cassia, L. malabathrica, and L. culiliban, which are all occasionally
substituted for true cinnamon; they are found in the leaves of i.a.ru. parvifolia, in the bark of the species
which produces the Pichurim bean; in that of L. cupulris, which is the Isle of France cinnamon; of
L quixos, which yields the Peruvian cinnamon, in L. Benzoin, which was used as spice in the United States
during the American war; and finally, in the common bay tree of our plantations. Latirus sassafras yields
the sassafras chips of the shops, but its bark is much more powerful. The fruit of many Laurineae are
extremely aromatic; that of Latirus Persea is an agreeable West Indian fruit, called the alligator pear.
Camphor is the produce of Laarus cmphora, and of another or two; this substance is found indeed in small
quantities in the roots of almost all the order; one of the cinnamons is even named Capuru Carundu, which
signifies camphorated cinnamon.
934 Laurus W.
936 Cassytha W.
1942 Hernndia W.
1077 Agathophyllum W.
Oaden CXXX.
MYRISTICEAE.
Closely allied to the last, especially in sensible properties. The arillus of Myristica is the mace of the shops,
and its nut, the famous nutmeg. It is well known that this abounds with oil; in Virla sebifera the oily secre.
tion is so copious, that it is readily separated by immersion in boiling water under the form of fat.
2120 Myristica W.
Order CXXXI.
PROTEACEAE.
Favorite shrubs with gardeners, both on account of the neatness of their foliage and the beauty of their
flowers. With very few exceptions, they are confined to the southern promontory of Africa, and to New
Holland, where they adorn large tracts of country. They are shrubby or arborescent plants with an arid
habit. The leaves are simple, evergreen, narrow, entire or serrated. flowers generally grow in clusters,
and are green, wellow, or red, sometimes in true Proteas surrounded by colored bractea, with dark hairy
margins. Their stamens are four, with distinct anthers, which rarely adhere together. The pollen is triangular;
the stigma undivided and usually oblique. Their fruit is of various kinds, either a solitary nut or a sort of
cone consisting of many nuts immersed among the indurated remains of abortive flowers. Of their pro
perties, little is known. Some of the Rhpalas afford tolerable timber; the bark of Prtea specisa and
grandiflra is astringent and useful in diarrhoeas. The seeds of Embthrium tinctrium yield a powder which
is employed for dying pink. The Prteas of the Cape, and the Banksias and Dryndras of New Holland,
are the finest plants of the order.
229 Petrphila R.Br.
233 Mimtes R. Br.
23) Isopogon R. Br.
234 Serrria R. Br.
231 Protea R. Br
235 Nuvenia R. Br.
232 Leucospermum R.Br.
236 Sorocephalus R.Br.

27 Spatlla R. Br.
*2 Athlax R. Br.
205, Leucadndron R. Br.
238 Persoonia R.Br.
239 Grevillea R.Br.

240 Hakea R. Br
245 Lomtia R.Br.
241 Stenocarpus R. Br.

242 Lambertia R.Br.
243 Xylomlum R. Br.
244 Telopa R.Br.
247 Bnksia R.Br.
246 Rhpala R. Br.

248 Dryndra R.Br.
2142 Brabjum W.
"--
- -
"--
-----
---
1082
Order CXXXII. THYMELEAE.
Nearly all shrubby plants, found in all parts of the world, but most abundantly in the south of Africa. The
flowers are white, yellow, or red, most commonly in clusters, and often fragrant; the foliage is entire, either
smooth or silvery, and generally very neat. Their wood is particularly soft; their inner bark easily separable,
and in Dphne Lagetta, pulls out by the division of the vertical fibres into a sort of network resembling
lace. Their bark is extremely acrid, acting as a vesicatory when applied to the skin, and if chewed, producing
extreme heat and torture in the mouth; a decoction of it has been used with some success in venereal
diseases. The seeds of these plants are poisonous to man, but birds eat them with impunity. The fibres of
Dirca and Lagtta are used for cordage; those of Dphne gnidium and Passerina tinctria are employed in
the south of Europe for staining wool yellow, which is converted into green by the addition of Istis.
910 Dphne h".
73 Pimela B. P.
249 Struthiola W.
913 Stellra W.
914 Passerina L.
911 Dirca Jy.

912 Gnidia W.
909 Lagtta J.
Order CXXXIII.
915 Lachnaea W.
1032 Dis W.
SANTALACEAE.
Trees or dwarf herbs, with inconspicuous or unattractive flowers. They are chiefly natives of the c:
New Holland, and India, a few only being found in Europe and North America. Their virtues are few. The
wood of Sntalum album has a sweet aromatic flavor, and a slightly bitter taste: it is chiefly known as a
perfume, although it is said to possess mild sudorific properties. The leaves of Myoschilos are purgative, of
*
Osyris japnica eatable as salad; Thsium is slightly astringent.

307 Sntalum W.
908 Memcylon W.
2051 Osyris W.
569 Thsium W.
1033 Bucida W.
2141 Fusnus L.
Order CXXXIV.
2161 Nyssa W.
2162 Hamiltnia W.
ELAEAGNEAE.
Hardy shrubs or small trees, with deciduous leaves, covered, as well as the bark, with minute silvery scales:
their flowers are inconspicuous, but sometimes agreeably fragrant. They occupy but little space; a few
inhabiting China and Japan, and the remainder Europe, North America, and Guiana. The berries of
Hippophaerhamnoides, which are slightly acid, are used as a kind of sauce by the Swedes.
259 Elaeagnus W.
2057. Shephrdia Nutt.

Order CXXXV.
2058 Hippphae W.
ARISTOLOCHIAE.
Here we are on the limits of Monocotyledones and Dicotyledones. The species are herbaceous or half
shrubby plants, with simple, often reniform, leaves; and mottled grotesque flowers, usually brownish purple.
Their roots are all bitter, and possessed of tonic and stimulating properties; but the degree in which they
exist in different species is not at present ascertained. The Aristolochias have been in former days praised as
emmenagogues, and many are still used in South America as a remedy for the bite of
nts. A 'sarum
europaeum is a purgative and emetic when fresh, but its powers are much diminished by drying; its dried
leaves are occasionally used by the country people in some parts of England as a sternutatory.
1072 A'sarum W.
1934 Aristolchia W.
Orden CXXXVI.
EUPHORBIACEAE.
Weeds and lofty trees, of such varied appearance and property, that it is scarcely possible to frame a brief
character by which they can be expressed. Their vegetation in cold countries is mostly herbaceous, in hot
countries frutescent or arborescent; their juice is milky, and their flowers mostly inconspicuous. It is for
their medicinal properties that they are chiefly known, and these are as various as their aspect; mostly, how
ever, dangerous, and always to be suspected. In a few of them, the smell and taste are aromatic; but in most,
there is either no smell or it is nauseous, and the taste constantly acrid and pungent. Some possess also an
acrid limpid fluid, which is given out by the leaves when touched. Many of them act strongly upon the
kidneys, as several species of Phyllnthus, the leaves of Mercurilis annua, and the root of Ricinus communis.
Many are said to be powerful medicines in cases of dropsy. The bark of several Crotons, the wood of Crton
Tiglium and Baxus, the leaves of the same, and also of Cicca disticha, several Euphorbias, and others, are
recorded as sudorifics, and useful against syphilis; as emetics, we find the roots of the Euphorbias, the juice
of Cmmia, A'nda, Mercurialis pernnis, &c. A great number are purgative, especially the leaves of Bxus
and Mercurialis, the juice of Euphorbia, Cmmia, Hara, the seeds of Ricinus, Crton Tiglium, Anda, and
Jatropha. The effects of some others are so dangerous, particularly Hippomane, that it is not advisable to
administer them even in very small doses; even in many Euphorbias it is difficult to draw a line between the
quantity in which they are poisonous, and that in which they are harmless or useful. The nature of their
poison is mostly acrid, occasionally, however, mixed with something narcotic, as is apparent from the effect of
those which are used for poisoning or rather stupifying fish.
The purgative oil in which the seeds of many
are found to abound, has been determined to reside wholly in the albumen; hence the embryo of some, as
Omphlea dindra, is eaten as nuts. Boiling or roasting has also the effect of dissipating their noxious effects;
thus Jtropha Manihot, than which there scarcely exists a more dangerous poison, affords a food when sub
mitted to fire, called cassava, the flour of which is often used in London as a luxury for making puddings,
than which few are reputed to be more wholesome. But the most curious of all the products of Euphorbiaceae
is the Caoutchouc, that singular substance which, although the produce of dangerous acrid trees, possesses
nothing whatever which has been found capable of acting upon the human system in whatever way applied,
which is unalterable either in air, in water, or in spirits, although it softens at a high temperature. It is
chiefly produced by Siphnia elstica, but also exists in the juice of very many others, as Exca caria Agallocha,
Hippmane Mancinila, Hara crpitans, Spium aucuprium, Plukentia volabilis, the Jtrophas, Mal".
Omphleas, and many others. Tournesole, another curious chemical preparation, is the juice of Croton
tinctrium, but is also found in several others. Many other properties belong to this order, which it would be
too long to detail in this place. The curious reader will find ample information in the medical division of
M. Adrian de Jussieu's monograph of the order, from which most of the foregoing remarks are taken.
Section I.
1963 Pachysndra Mi.
1957 Bxus W.
1978 Securinga W.
2071 Flggea W.
Section II.
1958 Cicca W.
2092 Kiggelria W.
Phyllnthus W.
2025 Andrchne W.
Section III.
2034 Ricinus py.
2032 Crton py.
2105 Rottlra Rorb.
2118 Adlia W.
2104 Gelnium Roxb."
2044 Brya W.
2119 Loureira W.
2038 Acalypha W.
2033 Jtropha W.
2122 Cluytia W.
2148 Bridlia W.
2028 Aleurtes W.
2097 Hyaenanche H. K.
Section IV.
2040 Plukentia W.
2088 Mercurilis W.
1944 Trgia
-" -
---
----
TT-E---
2031. Spium W.
2026 Stillingia W.
Section V.
2030 hippmane W.
2035 horn py.
199. A
on jy.
2117 Excaecria W.
1085
2029 Omphlea W.
Section Wi.
2039 Dalechmpia W.
1103 Euphorbia W.
1104 Pedilnthus Neck.
Oapen CXXXVII. RESEDACEAE.

Weeds of no interest, except the Rseda odorta for its delicious fragrance.
in waste places, yields a yellow color fit for dying.
1102 Reseda W.
R. luteola, a common annual
2009 Datisca W.
onnen CXXXVIII.
CALYCANTHEAE.
Handsome grateful deciduous shrubs, with deliciously fragrant flowers, natives of North America and
Japan. They are not known to possess any medicinal virtues, but their odour insures them a place in every
garden, notwithstanding the uninviting look of the blossoms themselves.
1157 Calycnthus L.
1158 Chimonnthus Lindl.
Onder CXXXIX.
AthertospentMEAE.
Allied to the last in sensible and botanical qualities: they are shrubs, natives of America and New Holland,
of which little is known either to gardeners or botanists.
2103 Peumus Pers.
onner CXL,
EMPETRE/e.
Dwarf heath-like shrubs, with obscure flowers and berries, natives of Europe and North America.
2045 Emptrum L.
onder CXLI.
Untice e.
Few are the objects in this order deserving the care of the cultivator; it is rather extraordinary, however,
that those few are abundantly so. Among worthless weeds and shabby half herbaceous shrubs, some of
which are covered with rough points, and others defended by stinging hairs, we find the fig, the mulberry
the nemp, the hop, and the bread-fruit, all objects of the first consequence to the world. Here also is placed
the half fabulous Upas, with which lying travellers and credulous naturalists have long deluded Europe. The
Upas tree is now known to be the Antiris toxicaria, the inspissated juice of which is indeed a frightful
ison, but the baneful effects of whose branches are purely imaginary. Similar, though inferior, qualities
ave been found to exist in Ficus toxicaria, and some of the Artocarpuses. The root of the black mulberry
is bitter, acrid, and purgative; of Dorstenia brasiliensis, emetic; of D. contrayrba, bitter, aromatic, hot,
and stimulant. A decoction, or the dried leaves, of hemp, is eminently narcotic, and forms the basis of the
well known intoxicating Turkish drug called Bang or Haschisch. The tenacious nature of the fibres of the
hemp is also found in other plants of the order, especially Urtica cannabina, the hop, the bread-fruit tree, the
common stinging-nettle, and others.
1962 Urtica py.
1993 Thelygonum W.
2013 Cecrpia W.
75 Gunnra W.
1961
21.7
1960
33.3
Pilea Lindl.
Parietaria py.
Boehmria W.
Forskohlea W.
2059
2073
2074
2167
Broussonetia py.
Cannabis py.
Hamulus W.
Ficus W.
1969
1959
1935
257
orden CXLII.
Maclra Nutt.
Mrus hy.
Artocarpus py
Dorstenia py.
2158 Brsimum py.

1973 Franzeria Cau.
2nt:3 Trphis hy.
2050 Stilgo W.
AMENTACE.E.
Here is the group in which all the timber trees of Europe, and most of those of all cold countries, are
stationed. Every genus consists of plants important to the wants of man. The alder, the birch, the willow,
the poplar, the oak, the chesnut, the hornbeam, and the plane, are all collected in this place, to which they
have been brought by the coincidence of similar fructification existing in all of them. This similarity depends
upon their producing flowers of one sex only, the males of which are always arrayed in catkins, of which
the flowers are destitute of calyx or corolla, in the place of which is produced a single scale. Their bark is
furnished with an astringent principle, which has rendered them valuable either for staining black, as in the
alder and the oak gall; or for tanning, as in the oak; or as febrifuges, as the alder, the birch, the oak, most
of the willows, and also Populus tremuloides, which is well known in North America as a tonic and stomachic
febrifuge. The substance called tacamahaca was formerly supposed to be produced by some of the poplars,
but it is now believed to be obtained from a very different plant, Fagira octandra. The fruit of many
Amentaceae contains a considerable proportion of facula, which renders it fit for the
animals, as the acorns of the oak, the mast of birch, the nut of Castnea and Crylus,
1955 Alnus hy.
2001 Liquidambar W.
1995 Ostrya hy.
10.56 Betula Jy.
2002 Platanus ji".
1996 Carpinus W.
*42 Salix W.
2003 Salisburia L. T.
1994 Castnea W.
food of man and other

&c.
1997 Fgus my
198 Corylus iv.
2000 Quercus W.
2087 Populus W.
order CXLIII.
ULMACEAE.
Many of the observations upon the last order are also applicable to this, which differs rather in certain
technical characters, than in any arrangement of nature. The elm is its representative, from which the
others only slightly differ.
616 Planra Mich.
615 UTmus L.
Orpen CXLIV.
214.5 Celtis W.
CASUARINEAE.
These are nearly related to Coniferae, than which they are dwarfer, and of far less importance. By various
writers they have been tossed about between Amentaceae and Coniferae, and have at last settled in a place by
themselves. The leaves of Comptnia asplenifolia are employed in the United States against diarrhoea. The
berries of Myrica cerifera yield, on boiling, an abundance of wax which is manufactured into candles; the
nuts of Ephdra distchya are eatable; the wood of some of the Casuarinas is remarkably hard and durable.
1936 Casuarina W.
2115 Ephdra W.
1941 Comptnia W.
2055 Myrica W.
ORDER CXLV.
2056 Nagia Gaertn.
CONIFERAE.
These bear the same relation in point of consequence to resinous trees, that Amentaceae bear to those that
are not resinous. They are well known as lofty timber, yielding valuable wood and abundance of resin.
** -
1084
Among them is now numbered the loftiest tree in the world, a species of pine found by Mr. Douglas in
California, which grows 220 feet high, with a circumference of 60 feet. Pitch, turpentine, Venice turpentine,
are produced by various species. Gum Sandarach, by Thja quadrivlvis; a matter like olibanum, by Juniperus
lycia; a sort of liquid storax, by Altingia exclsa. The Juniperuses in which the resin is incompletely
oxygenized, are more fragrant, and also stimulating in a greater degree; as the savin for example. The
berries of many of these plants possess similar qualities. Their seeds are all oily; those of Pinus Pinea,
Cmbra, and Lambertina, and Salisbria adiantiflia, are eatable as nuts. The fleshy fruit of the ivy, which is
poisonous, is an exception to the general innoxious character of the order. Coniferae are mostly inhabitants
of the northern parts of the world, where they form immense forests, and supply with their dense persistent
leaves the place occupied by the evergreen trees of warmer climates. A few are found in the southern
hemisphere.
2012 Pinus W.
2017 Cuprssus W.
2112 Araucria J.
1970 Exocrpus Lab.
2013 A'bies Salisb.
2018 Thaja W.
2010 Blis Salisb.
2016
L'ker.
2014 Lrix Salisb.
2113 Juniperus W.
2011 A'gathis Salisb.
2114 Taxus W.
"
2015 Schubertia Mirb.

Order CXLVI.
CHLORANTHEAE.
Obscure Asiatic weeds of no known use, and wholly destitute of interest for gardens.
25 Chlornthus W.
Order CXLVII.
PIPERACEAE.
The peppers are far more valuable in commerce than interesting in cultivation, their flowers being in all
cases very insignificant, and their leaves so uniform in appearance, as to create but little variety. Nearly the
whole indeed of the herbaceous species or Pepermias, as they are sometimes called, are mere weeds. The
berry of the pepper is well known to be hot, aromatic, pungent, and stimulating; not only in the common
peppers of the shops, but also in P. cubba, carpanga, and heterophyllum. The Piper anisatum yields a strong
smell of anise; a decoction of its berries is
in Spanish America for washing ulcers. The Piper Btel and
Siriba afford the Malays a powerfully acrid and exciting preparation, which, they invigorates and ena
bles them to withstand the debilitating influence of their climate. In the South Sea islands, an inebriating
beverage is procured by the mixture of the leaves and stems of P. inbrians with water. No pepper has yet
been found beyond the limits of the tropics. Saurarus is the representative of the order in extra-trooical
countries.
77 Piper W.
872 Saurrus W.
Orden CXLVIII.
CYCADEAE.
The true station of this very curious order is cxtremely uncertain. Although placed here in
with the common practice, it is to be supposed that its true station is in the immediate vicinity of ferns, wit
which the species agree in vernation, and in many curious particulars. All are natives of countries beyond
the reach of frosts, chiefly of the Cape of Good Hope and equinoctial America. With a low trunk which
rarely exceeds the height of a few inches, they have the fronds and appearance of pigmy palms, and the
inflorescence of gigantic Equisetums. The trunk of Cycas contains a great quantity of faecula, which is
manufactured into a kind of spurious sago; and a similar substance, it has lately been ascertained, may be
obtained from the stem of Cycas. (Gard. Mag., vol. iv.)
2107 Cycas W.
2108 Zmia W.
CLAss II. MONOCOTYLEDONES.

The physiological peculiarities of this class of plants have been already explained in the general remarks
which precede this arrangement of natural orders. To what is there stated, little remains to be added, except
that in these northern regions, every thing included in it is herbaceous, and that in hotter latitudes. "
deserve the name of either bush or tree, except the palms, and a few Aroideae and Asphodelea'.
Section I.
STAMENS EPig YNo U.S.
OnDeR CXLIX.
HYDROCHARIDEAE.
Floating white-flowered plants, of which Stratites is the most majestic. They possess no known properties,
but have the singular character in Monocotyledones of being in some cases lactescent. The species are nati"
of various parts of the world.
308 Trpa W.
859 Damasnium W.
2089 Hydrochris W.
2096 Stratites W.
Orpen CL. ORCHIDEAE.
Of all tribes of plants, this is the most singular, the most fragrant, and the most difficult of culture. The
flowers are often remarkable for their grotesque configuration, which has been likened to heads and bodies of
animals, and for the strange character of their stems, which are sometimes attenuated into a degree of grace
fulness scarcely equalled even among grasses, and sometimes contracted into a clumsy goutiness of figure
such as is known no where else. The species are found inhabiting the mountains and mcadows of the cooler
parts of the globe, or adhering by their tortuous roots to the branches of the loftiest trees of the tropical
forest, to which their blossoms often lend a beauty not their own. Vulgarly, this last description of plants is
called parasitic; they are, however, not so, deriving no support from the juices of the plants on which they
grow; but on the contrary, are epiphytes, merely adhering to other plants for support, and vegetating amidst
the rich black soil which collects at the foot of all trees growing in a hot humid climate. It is very singular
that the pollen of these plants has no parallel, except among the very different and distinct order of
Asclepiadeae. The only medical properties of the order exist in the roots of some of the Orchises, from
which the nutritious substance called salop is prepared. The Vanilla of the shops is the pod of the genus
called Vanilla. From the boiled stems of some of the Brazilian species a tenacious glue is obtained, which
is employed in many useful purposes.
Tribe 1.
1870 Goodyra R.Br. 1872 Ponthiva R.Br.

1873 Nettia L.
Neotries. Lindl.
1876 Listra R.Br.
1877 Areth (isa i..
1878 Calopogon R. Br.
Tribe 2. An ErhuseAE. Lindl.

1879 Pognia R. Br.
1881 Calena R.Br.
Tribe 3.
1875 Stenorhynchus Rich.
1874 Spiranthes Rich.
1871 Diaris Sw.
1880 Epipactis Sre.

1882 Corallorrhiza Haller.
GAstropies. R. Br.
1926 Presctia Lindl.
1930 Vanilla Sw,
1850 o'rchis L.
1<>, Glssula Lindl.
Tribe 4.
1865. A ceras it. Br.
Ornavneft Lindl.
1861 Habenaria a Br.
18660 phrys L.
18-4 Anacmptis Rich. 18" Serapias R. Br.
1860 Nigratella Rich.
1833 Disa Sw.
1*23
1912
1****
1*1
CalAnthe n. Br.
Octorneria R. Br.
Maxillaria Fe rer.
Carnaridium Lendl.
1917
1916
1913
1922
1828 Gymnadma ft Br.

1*7 Platanthera Rach.
1867 Chamorchis Rich.
Tribe 5. WANDr. E. Lindl.

Aerides ste.
1887 Lissochilus * Br.
Vanda R. Br.
1888 Geodorum Jacks.
Sarcanthus I inity.
1893. Oncidium Sw.
Aerr thes Landt.
18" Macradenia R. Pr.
1902 Ornithidium salisb.
192: Angra'cum Pet. Th.

lonopsis Ath.
1910. Ornithocephalus Hook. 1918 Renanthera Lour.
1909 Cryptarrhena R.Br. 1883 Cymbidium Suz.
1* - Pholidta Lindl.
1919
Tribe 6.
Tribe 7.
1868 fterminium n. *r.
18.2 Bartholina R.Br.

1856 Satyrium W.
1920 Eulophia R Br.

1891 Xylobium Lindt
1** Polystachya Hooker
1890 trizexus Lindt
1886 Brssia / Br
1883 Rodriguza F. per.
1*, Cyrtopodium At Br.

1889 Catasetum hach.
1890. Notylia Lindl.
1884 Gomeza R. Br.
Epipexones. Lindl.
1911 Bltia F. per.

1907 Epidndrum L.
1914 Brassavoia R.Br. 1906 Cattleya Lindl.
1912 he ria findt.

law, iendrobium h K.
1085
1905 Broughtnia R.Br.

1903 Isochius R. Br.
Malaxines. Lindl.
1807 Cmelgyne Lindl.
1928 Liparis Rich.

1949 Calypso Salisb.
1*2, Malaxis L.
1804 pleurothallis h. hr.

1924 Stils Sw,
1899 Anisoptalum Hooker 1927. Microstylis Nutt.

Tribe 8.
Cyran-epies.
1931 Cypripdium W.
Oaper CLI.
SCITAMINEAE.
These are distinguished from the last by their pollen not cohering in masses, their seeds not being winged,
and their plurilocular ovarium Their sensible qualities are also widely different. The species are natives
only of the tropical parts of the world, where they form stemless or caulescent herbaceous plants, with long
broad leaves, and flowers of white, yellow, or red, often possessing great fragrance, and generally much beauty.
Their sensible qualities reside either in the root or the seeds. The former is the part used of the Ginger, the
Galangale, the Cstus, Turmeric, Zedoary, and others, all of which are more or '' aromatic. The root of
turneric is also well known as affording a yellow dye, a property which it possesses in common with some
others. The seeds of Cardamom are well known for their aromatic stimulating powers.
6 Hedychium W.
9 Hellnia ft. Br.
12 Kaempferia W.
15 Glbba Rosc.
7 Roscoea Sn.
8 Alpinia W.
10 Zingiber Rosc.
11 Cstus Rosc.
13 Amomum Rosc.
14 Curcuma hy.
Oapea CLII.
16 Mautisia Sims
CANNEAE.
Differing from the preceding, in the absence of aromatic principles, in the petaloid nature of the filament
and the single cell of their anther, they wholly resemble them in external appearance and i
distribution. The Cannas are well known for their beautiful flowers, and the Maranta arundinacea is cele
brated for the abundance of nutritive facula which is prepared from it, and imported to Europe under the
name of arrow-root.
1 Canna W.
2 Maranta W.
3 Calatha Meyer.
4. Thlia py.
5 Phrynium W.
oapen Cli i 1.
MUSACEAE.
A noble order of plants, resembling the two last in appearance, but of far more gigantic stature, different
geographical distribution, and sensible qualities. All the species, without exception, are among the grandest
in the vegetable world, whether the breadth and beauty of their foliage, or the surpassing grandeur of their
flowers, be considered. They are not, like Scitamineae and Canner, confined to the tropics, but approach in
many points towards the cooler latitudes of either hemisphere. While the Strentzias, resplendent with orange
and scarlet and white, are peculiar to the Cape of Good Hope, the plantain is laden with its enormous masses
of wholesome pleasant fruit, in the mild climate of Madeira, the Heliconias and Urnias appear in the sultriest
forests of Madagascar and Guiana. The fruit of the Masa is, as just stated, pleasant and wholesome; the leaves
of the same plant form a valuable thatching for cottages; and the fibres of a particular species are manufac
tured into a fine hemp, from which the most delicate muslins of India are prepared.
570 Heliconia Jy.
571 Strelitzia h. K.
721 Masa py.
722 Urnia W.
Oaper CLIV.
HAEMODORACEAE.
The name of this order, derived from alwa, blood, indicates its most striking peculiarity; the roots of several
species of Haemodrum, Wachendorfia, and Heritira yielding a brilliant crimson dye. The species have
equitant leaves, and six stamens, with anthers turned towards the ovarium; in which last character they differ
from the closely allied order of irideae. They are found, with very few exceptions, in the Cape of G
Hope
and New Holland.
108 Xiphidium W.
111 Haemodrum Sm.

110 Wachendrfia Ker 113 Diltris Ker
on pen CLV.
718 Lophiola B. M.
719 Argolsia Juss.
720 Anigoznthos Lab.
if IDEAE.
The peculiarity of this order exists in the superior six-cleft perianthium, three stamens opposite the outer
segments, and the anthers so inserted that the line of their bursting is towards the outside of their flower.
Occasionally, they are still called by the old appellation of Ensatae. Most of the species are extremely beautiful;
and as they are generally very easily cultivated, they have become universal favorites in gardens. Many of the
species are found by the side of streams, or in rich pastures in Europe, Siberia, and America; others adorn the
most barren deserts of the same countries, with their perishable flowers; a third set, consisting for the most
part of Sisyrinchium and its allies, are found in cool parts of the islands in the South Seas; and, lastly, a large
proportion of the order contributes to the herbage of Southern Africa, that indescribable charm which has can.
tivated all observers. Their medicinal virtues are trifling. I'ris florentina and germnica have roots, which,
when dry, smell like violets, and are slightly stimulant, acting as sternutatories or purgatives, according as they
are employed. The stigmas of the Crcus form the well-known saffron, which differs from the general
character of the order, in being aromatic, and possessing a valuable coloring matter, which has the singular
property of entirely disappearing under the influence of the sun's rays.
93 Crcus Ker
94 Witsnia Ker
95 i xia Ker
96 Trichonma Ker
97 Geissorhiza Ker
98 Hesperntha Ker
90 Sparxis Ker
100 Tritnia Ker
---
--
--
---
1086
101 Watsonia Ker
102 Babina Ker
105 Gladiolus Ker

106 Anomathca Ker
103 Lapeyrosia Ker
107 Antholyza Ker
104 Melasphaerula Ker
112 Arista Ker
115
116
1 17
118
Order CLVI.
Iris Ker
Moraea Ker
Mrica Ker
Pardnthus Ker
1450 Patersnia R. Br.

1451 Ferrria ker
1452 Tigridia J.
1453 Galxia W.
AMARYLLIDEAE.
Here we have another group of vegetation so lovely as to have excited admiration from the days of Solomon,
who called them the lilies of the field, down to our own period. Their roots are all bulbous. In stature they
seldom exceed a foot or two: in Dorynthes, and some species of Crinum alone, much surpassing such a size;
in foliage they possess a uniformity of figure which is very singular; in color they vary from white and
yellow to deep scarlet and azure blue; in fragrance they vie with the violet and the primrose. Some of the
species are natives of thickets in the cooler provinces of
pe and Asia; others are found deep rooted in the
burning shores of islands where scarcely a blade of grass interposes itself between them and the torrid rays of a
scorching sun; many spring up in the gloomy, damp, and suitry woods of equinoctial America; and another
set intermingles with the Ixias and Gladioluses of Southern Africa. Several of the Narcissi, independent of
their beauty, possess emetic qualities; from the viscid juice of Haemnthus toxicrius, the Hottentots procure
a poison wherewith to smear their arrows.
711 Narcissus W.
731 Haemnthus Jy.
737 Brunsvigia Heist.
743 Zephyrnthes Herb
712 Pancrtium W.
732 Galnthus W.
738 Nerine Herb.
744 Habrnthus Herb.
713 Eucrsia B. Reg.
733 Leucjum W.
739 Amaryllis IV.
745 Dorynthes R. Br
7.14 Erycles Salisb.
734 Strumria Jacq.
740 Wallta Herb.
746 Gethyllis H. K.
715 Calostmma R.Br. 735 Crinum W.
741 Griffinia Ker
748 Alstroemria W.
716 Chlidnthus Herb. 736 Cyrtnthus H. K.
742 Sternbrgia W.
749 Conanthra F. per.
717 Chrysiphiala Ker

Orpen CLVII.
HYPOXIDEAE
America, New Holland, the Cape of Good Hope, Polynesia, and the Indian Archipelago give birth to these
plants, which have sweet yellow flowers and linear leaves, protected by long weak hairs. Nothing is known of
their medicinal qualities.
750 Hypxis W.
751 Curcligo H. K.
Onder CLVIII.
DIOSCOREAE.
A climbing stem, and broad, cordate, or angular leaves, inconspicuous yellowish flowers, and a large fleshy
root, are the obvious characteristics of this order, of which the yam is the representative; the roots of this
plant yield one of the most important articles of food in the tropical countries.
2084 Rajnia W.
2083 Testudinria Burch.
Section 11.
2085 Dioscrea W.
STAMENS PERIGYNOUS.
OnDeR CLIX.
HEMEROCALLIDEAE.
These are fine shewy plants, bearing their flowers in umbels or racemes, either white, yellow, red, or blue;
they are mostly inhabitants of temperate zones, and are of little utility, with the exception of the Aloe, the
purgative powers of which need not be insisted on. This genus is, besides, remarkable among Monocotyledones
# its y leaves, in which, and its woody stem, it offers a striking deviation from the usual structure of
these plants.
747 Polinthes L.
767 Agapnthus W.
768 Blandfrdia R.Br.
777 Tritoma B. M.
778 Veltheimia H. K.
779 Sansevira W.
769 Hemerocllis W.
770 A^loe W.
776 Altris W.
ORDER CLX.
780 Tulbghia W.
792 Brodiaea Sm.
ASPHODELEAE.
Different from Hemerocallideae in their expanded flowers and dark crustaceous seed-coat; the only charac
ters which have yet been discovered to distinguish them. The species are all pretty, many very handsome,
some bulbous, some with fasciculated roots, a few with arborescent stems. They are uncommon in tropical
countries, very abundant in temperate latitudes, and not unfrequent in the cooler regions of the world.
Among the prettiest are Ggea, Scilla, and Hyacinthus; the least interesting are Chlorophytum and Zuc.
cgnia. Aspragus and Draca'na have berried fruits; the former is diuretic, and when young is employed as
a favorite food; the same properties are possessed by Scilla and Allium. The stamens of Arthropodium are
remarkable for their tuft of yellow hairs, of Dianlla for the thickening of the filaments, Many of the Alliums
are very pretty, and admired notwithstanding their unpleasant odor; their roots are all eatable, and those of
some among the most useful articles of food. Thysantus, the fringed violet of New Holland, has rich purple
blossoms, with long delicate fringes which sparkle in the sun, as if continually bedewed with minute particles
of water. From Phrmium tenax the strong fibrous substance called New Zealand flax is prepa
Xan
thorrhaea has an arborescent stem which abounds in resin.
808 Asphdelus W.
815 Eustrphus R. Br.
795 Sowerba'a L. T.
807 Bulbine W en.
805 Massnia W.
798 Xanthorrhoea R. Br.
806 Eremrus Bieb.
803 Scilla Jy.

804 Puschkinia Bieb.
791 Eucomis W.
799 Thysantus R. Br.
794 Aphyllnthes W.
775 Phyllma B. M.
812 Caesia R.Br.
802 Ornithgalum W.
801 Ggea Sal.
800 Eriosprmum W.
813 Narthcium B. M.
796 A'llium W.
814 Dianlla Lam.
797 Albca W.
816 Aspragus L.
817 Drimia Jacq.
809 Anthricum W.
810 Arthropdium R.Br.
811 Chlorophytum Ker
ORDER CLXI.
774 Dracaena W.
818 Uroptalon Ker

819 Hyacinthus B. M.
820 Zuccgnia Th.
821 Muscri B. M.
822 Lachenlia W.
823 Phormium W.
824 Cyanlla W.
793 Pelios anthes B. R.
2111 Rscus W.
SMILACEAE.
''
These scarcely differ from the baccate Asphodcleae, except in their usually trifid
and the membranous
integuments of the sced. Many are interesting plants, especially the lily of the valley, a species of Conval
lria, the odor of which is perhaps the most grateful in the vegetable kingdom. Several others, as Uvulria,
Smilacina, Polygontum, and Trillium are objects of ornament. Smilax is remarkable for its twining stems,
and its leaves, which resemble those of Dicotyledones; the roots of several species form the sarsaparilla of the
shops, a drug, the nature of which is mucilaginous and rather bitter, and which is employed as diaphoretic and
diuretic.
Medeola is also an active diuretic. The roots of Tmus are purgative and dangerous.
788 Smilacina Desf.
843 Myrsiphyllum
2082 Tmus h".
786 Streptpus M.
789 Polygontum Desf
846 Medeola W.en.
850 Trillium hy.
785 Uvularia py.
787 Convallria Desf.
790 Ophiopgon Ker
2081 Smilax W.
729 Paris Jy.
Orden CLXII. BROMELIACEAE.

Of these the eatable pine-apple is the representative, from which the other genera differ more in the want of
a fleshy fruit than in general appearance. Their habit is acid, their leaves rigid and toothed with spines, and
covered with minute scales, their bractea often colored with scarlet, and their flowers either white or ilue.
1087
They are forma
11 natives
offestoons
tropicalamong
countries,
with theofexception
ofTillandsia,
which,
in the
humiii
woodlia anof
Carolina,
dense
the
branche*
the
trees
;
this,
like
many
others
of
the
order,
epiphyte,
vegetating
among
the blackforests
mould; and
thatothera
collectaform,
uponwiththetheir
bark spiny
of treesleavci,
in hotdampcountries
; other*
axe
ofdeep
and
gloomy
anfermented
impenetrable
heiluge
Inprepared,
theinhabitant!
extenaive
pampas
of
Buenos
yres
and
Brazil.
From
the
Agve
mexicana
a
beverage
te
from which a strong colorless spirit, resembling the beat Scotch whiskey, is distilled.
726
Bromlla
W.
727
Guimnnia
Fi.
per.
723
Bonaprtea
F.
P.
725
Furcrse'a
f.
7 Pitcaimia W.
7-'J Tillandsia W.
724 Agvc iL .
Order CLXIII.
LILIACEA.
It is doubted
whether
of thesome
preceding
aremasterly
not rathersectionsofthis;
until,
however,
bination
shallremain
beseveral
effected
hand
yetorders
more
than
those bythewhich
they have
beensothecom
divided,
itis isuniversally
best ofto these
letacknowledged
them
as; the
theybyrich
are.colors
The ofbeauty
of
the
plants
composing
Liliceas,
strictly
called,
the
branching
lilk-s,
the
vivid
hues
of
the
painted
tulip,
the
modest
graces
of
the
humble
Erythrniums,
and
the
portly
forms
ofthe
Yuccas
are
all
attractions
of
which
good garden should be destitute. The speciea are all inhabitants ofeither cold or temperate latitudes. no
771
Lilium mW.
773 Yicca
Fritillna
788 Emhrnium W.
772 Tlipa
781
W. W.
Order CLXIV.ol theMELANTHACEjE.
These,intoo,
prettyofherbs,
although
grandeur
of the preceding,andwhich,
however,orthey
far
urpass
the are
potency
virtues.hue,destitute
The
many
are
of a dull-green
yellow
a) color,
sometimes
aasumiugtheira livid
whichflowers
will ofbespeak
the inconspicuous,
nature of their powers.
A dangerous
or
poisonousandacrid
juice is their
characteristic,
which
istheparticularly
active
inmdicinale,
some of them,
such
as the
Col.in
cliicum
Veratrum.
The
roots
ofthe
former
are
basis
of
the
eau
and
are
now
used
ofgout
withwhich,
muchadministered
success. Thein root
ofdoses,
Veratr:im
is believed
to haveinbeen
theabundance
helleboreofthe
ancients,
ancae*active
drug,
small
is a drastic
purgative,
more
abitter
violentemetic
The
root
of
ticlnias
dioica,
infused
in
water,
is
anthelmintic,
but,
steeped
in
spirits,
yields
a
and
tonic
tiiitture.
The; leave*
of Colchicum
produce vomiting
and tosevere
pain
in theproperties
animals
thattheeatroots,
them
the
flowers
ofthe firstand
areVcrtruin
aboandsaidpastures
tooften
be poisonous,
and
itsSiberia
seeds
possess
theAmerica
same
asmoat
but
in
a
milderdegree.
Groves
in
Europe
and
arid
North
are
the
middlefrequented
Africa. by MeUnthacese, several are round at the Cape, and Gloriosa ia a native of the woods ni
851 Colchicum
W.
847 Xerophfllum
Mick. 849
Androcymbium
W. 2128
858 Nollna
784
Bulbocdium
Liehlenstelnia
844 Helnias
Tohcldia
Hud.
VertrumMieh.
845
MeUnthium L.IV.
848
YVunnbea L. IV. 852
/,.
783 Gloriosa
W.W.
Order
CLXV.
.
Fine water
ofwhicha native
Btoraus,
general
most beautiful
flowers
; and planta,
Limnocharia,
of thebymarines
ofconsent
Braxil, the
has yellow
ones. of British plants, has purple
939 Btomus W.
1175 Limnocharia Huh.
Order
CLXVI.
ALISMACE.
Handsome
waterplants,
with
white
flowers,
and
many
ovaria.
Some are common in our English ditches,
others are found in similar aituationa in the tropics.
SCO Acrocrpua .
1988 Sagittria W.
861 Alisma W.
Order
CLXVII.
COMMELINEL
ofmarshy
ground,
either hemisphere,
butplants,
not known
in Europe
except in cultivation,
.Mostly
ufica '*Inhabitants
tneirarc
Brand
station.
Many areinthe
insignificant
creepingare
especially
the Commelinas
: others,withas
very
handsome;
Dichorizndras
noble
caulescent punts,
largei ontedcriis
ofblue
flowers:
this colorandis the
prevailing
one of the exceedingly
order.
M Cllisia W.
89 Aneilcma . P.
730 Pontedria W.
766 Dichorixaodra Vtmd.
a B. P.
90 Cartonma R. . 765 Tradeacantia W.
flowers'^'?' riB't1, worthle weeds,Order
for theCLXVIII.
most part; JUNCE.E.
Xfrie and Philydnim, which have pretty yellow
world "8
t the
order, being formation
exceptions. They clothe barren ground in most parts of the
lne "rat
approach
egeui.on. a?Xerotes
has the
habit oftoa the
low palm. of a regular perianthium, as we ascend in the scale of
Xyna LL.
761 FlagellrU
Liula Dec.W.
207617 ?Xertei
A Br.A Br.
m86 Juncus
839
Philydrum
manv of il,terestine little bog plants, Order
found inCLXIX.
all parts ERIOCAULE.E
of theworld. The order consists of Eriocalon only,
foundmedic
m iI t"1"''"
are fS*t,c'
easily cultivate*!,
though
seldomof aeen
in gardens.
The Eriocalon
scptangulre,
any
the *'
P6*'1''0*
ine r**t
European
plants. They
are noc known
to possess
223 Eriocalon W.
Wi. mLThfpilni and *" inflorescence
OrdbrCLXX.
PANDANE*:.
Tom'aii
of Aroide,
this fine order atonda very distinctly separated
'>'">8iIiponIUiU
the or.r u i'ne '**v
an ofsome
"bornent
caudex,
cithera coarse
growingcordage
to a considerable
or weak, and
>nd
are
formed
into
; the flowersheight,
of P. odoratieaimus,
,ruit or *me others, are eaten. AU are tropical.
2004 Carludvica FL per.
041 Pandnus IV.
1."ig uninteresting plants, acarcelyOrder
CLXXI.
NAIADES
ausceptible
ofcultivation
: they form a close approach to Cellulare*.
1938 ZannichUia W.
m
id
Order
CLXXI
T. RESTIACE.
hey arV'ai nb often leafle" plants, with split
vagina;,
and the habit of some , or true Junccm
20<r Willdeiivia
w
atlUofthC
hemisphere,
ofthe W.Cape of Good
and NewAHolland.
Th. Iouthern
2047 Retio
W. especially
2048 Elfia
2110Hope
Leptocrpus
1088
Order CLXXIII.
PALMAE.
These were well named by Linnaeus, the princes of the vegetable world; for they far surpass all other Plants
in the grandeur and majesty of their port. Their lofty stem, supported by a mass of fibrous roots, which fre
quently creep along the surface of the ground, consists of wood with longitudinal fibres, soft in the centre, but
hard as horn itself at the circumference; it is almost always unbranched, bearing a tuft of leaves at the
summit; in a very few cases it is dichotomous, always round, and it terminates by a single bud; by the fall of
the petioles of the leaves, which sheath it in a greater or less degree at the base, it is covered with large scars.
The leaves, technically called fronds, are pinnate or flabelliform, never simple; and, in a young state, before
they expand, they are folded up in plaits from the base to the apex. The flowers are small, with bractea, at
their base, either sessile or seated in some cavity, of a pallid color, and contained in a large bag called a spaths;
when they open, the mass of inflorescence, called a spadix, bursts suddenly through the under side of the
spatha, generally evolving the most fragrant odors. Impregnation takes place rapidly, through the injection
of the pollen upon the humid surface of the stigmas, which gape open to receive it. The fruit is perfected in a
period varying from six months to a year; when ripe it is a drupe or berry, with either a fibrous or fleshy coat:
the mass of its kernel consists of oily albumen, which, in the case of the cocoa mut, is soft enough to be eaten,
but which in most species is as hard as horn. Dr. von Martius, the celebrated traveller in Brazil, to whom the
world is indebted for nearly all that is known of these plants, concludes his remarks upon the characters of the
order in the following words: - Palms, the noble offspring of Terra and Phoebus, are natives of those happy
countries within the tropics, where the rays of the latter are ever beaming. In all such climates they are to
be found, with this limitation, however, that in the southern hemisphere they do not overstep the 35th degree
of latitude, nor in the northern the 40th. Most species are confined within fixed and narrow bounds, for it
comes to pass that wherever a district is characterized by striking peculiarities of soil or climate, those species
exist which are not found elsewhere; but few, on the contrary, extend over a large extent of surface, as the
Ccos nucifera, Acrocmia sclerocrpa, Borassus flabellifrmis, &c. It is probable that the number of
palms existing on the face of the earth, will be found by future travellers to amount to as many as a thousand
species. Most of them love the margins of springs and streams, but few establish themselves on the shores of
the ocean, and yet a smaller number ascend into the alpine regions of their country; some collect in large
forests; some are scattered singly or in clusters, among woods and plains. In the most ancient periods of the
world, when the genera of plants were beginning to be formed, palms scarcely existed; they were preceded in
the creation by the more ancient Ferns, Cycadeae, Grasses, and Equisetaceae. Some of their remains have,
however, been found in variegated sandstone, and in limestone of the third order (fletzkalk), part of which
belong to unknown species, and part to species still in existence. But in the times succeeding the deluge, they
appear, from the written evidence of historians and poets, to have followed the footsteps of man, to whom
their fruit yielded food, drink, and oil; their stems houses, arms, utensils, flour, and wine; and their leaves
cordage and roofs for habitations. In cultivation their soil should be slightly saline; thev are propagated by
seeds more readily than by truncheons of the stem; when cultivated they undergo no alteration, except in pro
ducing more fleshy or stemless fruit: it is extremely difficult to transplant them beyond their own country;
naturally their migration is absolutely opposed by the barriers of the ocean.
762 Corypha W.
1982 Sgus W.
2008 Nipa Th.
763 Licula W.
764 Thrinax W.
355 Sbal P. S.
753 Clamus W.
1983 Cocos W.
1984 E. late Jy.
1985 Bctris W.
2009 Arca W.
2049 Phoe'nix W.
2077 Elais Jy.
2007 Caryta W.
2078 Chainaedrea W.
Section III.
2079 Borssus JW.

2080 Mauritia W.
2109 Latnia J.
2153 Rhpis W.
2154 Chamaerops W.
STAMENS HYPOGYNOU.S.
Orden CLXXIV. GRAMINEAE.

The order of grasses is beyond doubt the most natural of all that the ingenuity of systematic botanists
has contrived; it is also the most numerous in species. The inflorescence is very much alike throughout the
order, and the floral envelopes, which are bracteac in a progressive state to the form of calyx and petals, offer
few striking characters by which the genera can be characterized. Hence it is that the classification of the
order, and its division into genera, has not only been found extremely difficult, but has given rise to much
difference of opinion among botanists; some of whom, adhering to the synthetical arrangement of Linnaeus,
admit but a small number of genera, while others, admitting the analytical principles of modern science,
divide it into a vast number. The middle course in this, as in most other cases, is probably the just one. A
subdivision of the order into tribes, has been attempted by Palisot, Trinius, Dumortier, Raspail, Kunth, Link,
and others; that of M. Kunth is here adopted. The general habit of grasses is so familiar to every one, that
it may be passed over in silence. They are remarkable for exhibiting, in no case, properties that are actually
poisonous; possessing on the contrary, in almost all cases, wholesome and nutritive qualities. These latter are
especially obvious in their seeds, which always contain a farinaceous substance, mixed with a certain propor
tion of glutinous matter. No one is ignorant of the various and important uses of the seeds of wheat, rye,
barley, oats, maize, rice, and others, and in general of all the larger kinds of grass. It must however be re
marked, that if the smaller sorts are not
in like manner, it is merely on account of their minuteness,
and not on account of any difference in their nature; in fact, in times of scarcity, and in half cultivated coun
tries, use has advantageously been made of Festca huitans, Ziznia aqutica, Avna fatua, Pnicum sangui
nle, Avna eltior, Brmus secalinus, and Elymus arenrius. It is also to be noted, that the particular uses
for which the seeds of certain grasses are employed, are not peculiar to them, but may be obtained from all
the others, with slight modifications. Thus beer is made, not only from barley but also from wheat; spiri
tuous liquors not only from our European cerealia, but also from rice. But it must he remarked, that a sin
gular exception, to the generally wholesome properties of grasses, appears to exist in Llium temulntum,
the seed of which is reported to be narcotic and inebriating, and even poisonous; there is no doubt, however,
that these qualities have been greatly exaggerated; for in the first place they disappear in bread or beer
manufactured from Llium temulntum; and secondly, in times of scarcity, people have frequently lived upon
it. But even supposing all that has been stated upon the subject to be true, this plant will still be found to be
little different from wheat, when long exposed to wet; so well, indeed, is this known by country people, that a
belief exists, that in wet summers wheat is actually transmuted into rye grass. The exciting properties of the
oat, which are very unusual in this order, have been found to reside in the husk and not in the seed, and to
depend upon the presence of a minute quantity of an aromatic principle, analogous to Vanilla, lying im
bedded in the envelope of the seed, and capable of being extracted by aid of alcohol. As to the deleterious
effects of the ergot of rye, these do not depend certainly upon any such property in the rye itself, but is caused
either by the ergot disease, or, as is believed, by the parasitic fungus, from the attack of which it arises. Now
let us pass from the seeds of Gramineae to their stems, and we shall find a no less remarkable uniformity of
nature in them. They all contain, especially before flowering, a sweet sugary mucilage, which varies in quan
tity in different species. The sugar cane, in which this is found in greatest abundance, not only constantly exists
in the most favorable condition for producing it, as it rarely flowers, but is also one of the largest grasses
known.
The maize also abounds in sugar;
and the same substance is secreted in such abund.nce by the
Srghum saccharatum, that attempts have actually been made in Italy to cultivate it as the sugar cane. The
creeping roots of grasses, which are generally mucilaginous and demulcent, are sometimes used in medicine;
but they are of more importance for retaining in banks the sand of the sea shore, so as to form artificial cliffs
on flat coasts, to restrain the inroads of the sea. The stems of Andropgon schaenanthus, the leaves of
Andropgon citrtum, the roots of Andropgon nrdus, and the whole plant of all the species of Anthox
anthum, exhale an aromatic odor, and possess slightly tonic properties. To conclude, the epidermis of grasses
has been found to contain a considerable quantity of silex.
Tribe 1.
159 P.
um py.
143 Digitria P. s.
140 Axenopus P. de B.
144 Panicum B. P.
141 Miliuin it".
145 Setria P. de B.
1089
PANicks.
146 Echinochla P de B.
147 Orthopygon P. de B.
148 Penicillaria P. de B.
119 Lappgo W.
134 Cnchrus P. s.
135 Pennistum Rich.
i42 Knppia E. B.
Tribe 2. Sriraces.
150 Stipa W.
138 Oryzpsis Mich.
Tribe 3.
156 Agrstis hy.
Muhlenbergia
151
Schr.
152 Chaetrus Lik.
Aamosrines.
161 Cinna P. de B.
136 Spartina iy.

16.2 Psamma P. de B.
163 Crypsis W.
133 Cornucopiae L.
157 Trichdium in.

158 iristegus Nees.
153 Lagurus iv.

194 Polypogon W.en.
159 Sporbolus B. P.
160 Airpsis Desm.
156 Gastridium P. de B.
Tribe 4.
176 Chrystirus P. s.
184 Brnnus h".
76 Anthoxnthum hy.
170 Aira hy.
171 Avna P. s.
172 Trisetum P. s.
173 Danthnia P. de B.
174 Gaudinia P. de B.
175 Arundo With.
177 Sestoria P. de B
18, Brachypodium P. de B.
178 Cynosurus P. s.
179 Koeteria P. s.
180 loactylis if en.
186 Uniola py
187 Tric spis P. de B.

188 Diplchne P. de B.
181 Glycria R. Br.
189 Ceratochla P. de n.
190 Schismus P. de B.
191 Tridia R.Br.
182 Festica py.
18.3 Mygalurus Lk.

Tribe 5.
Tribe 6.
217 Lersia ft. hr.
218 Diarrhna Mich.
212
hidirus P. de n.
21.3 Monerma P. de n.
137 Nardus ji".
216 Imperta Cyr.
Onvzes.
837 Oryza
Tribe 9.
1952 Tripsacum W.
1953 Heteropogon Rich.
205 Echinria Dese
Hombrack E (or Ceakalks.)
Tribe 8.
1950 Za py.
1951 Cix hy.
198 Megastachya P. de B
20; Cynodon P. s.
Tribe 7. Sacchanixes.
215 Saccharum W.
214 Pertis H. K.
Beckmnnia hort.
Melica it'.
Molinia P. de B.
Briza py.
Pa py.
Fragrstis P. de n.
204 Danebra P. de b.
200 secale py.

210 Hordeum hy
211 Microchla R.Br.
208 E'lymus W.
102
1*;
194
195
196
1*7
Chloanner
201 Dactyloctenium P.de b.

20. Leptochloa P. de B.
206 Triticum ps".

2, 7 Lilium hy.
166 Achnodonton P. de B.
167 Chalochla P de it.
108 Phalaris W.en.
Bromes.
169 Corynphorus P. de B.
1969 Sclerochla P. de B.
200 Eleusine R. Br.
164 Al
urus ty.
165 Phleum it".
754 Ehrhrta ty.
Olyaev.
21:30 Chloris hy
2131 Srghum W, en.
21& Ischa'mum W.
1954 Olyra ty
1979 Zizania h".
1980 Phrus W.
2132 Holcus hy, en.

2134 Egilops W.
2135 Manisaris W.
2129 Andropgon W.
Tribe 10. BAMausaceae.
131 Remira Aub.
219 Arundinria hy.
752 Bambsa iy
Station Uncertain.
132 Lygeum W.
oanea CLXXV.
CYPERACEAE.
T he sedges, as these may be called in English, differ from grasses not only in their comparative worthless
ness, and the different developement of the parts of fructification, but also in the sheath, at the base of the
leaves, being closed up, not slit. As objects of ornament they are of no value, and as subjects of agricultural
interest of but little; they are, moreover, of iittle utility to man. They are chiefly valuable for covering, with
the appearance of herbage, waste, and barren, marshy, or sandy tracts, in which little else will thrive. The
roots of Carex arenaria, disticha, and hirta, possess diaphoretic and demulcent properties, whence they are
Some of the Scirpuses and Cypruses have eatable nutty roots; the
stems of Scirpus lacastris, Elecharis palustris, Cyprus textilis, and others, are manufactured into mats and
the bottoms of chairs; the roots of Cyprus esculntus abound in oil, a very unusual circumstance; the
pyrus of the ancients was manufactured from the stem of Cyprus papyrus, finally, the roots of Cyperu.
ngus, odortus, and others, are fragrant.
74 Cldium Schr.
122 isolpis R. Br.
130 Mariscus Wahl
126 Trichphorum P.S.
1947 Crex iv.
119 Schoenus Pahl
123 Scirpus R. Br.
127 Cyprus W.
1948 Cobrsia py.
124 Elccharis R. Br.
120 Rhynchospra Wahl
128 Papyrus Lk.
1949 Uncin a nich.
129 Kyllinga W.
121 Fimbristylis Wahl
125 Eriophorum P. S.
sometimes called German
oaden CLXXVI.
A Rol DEAE.
Herbaceous, stemless, or caulescent plants, with broad fleshy leaves, approaching very nearly to those of
Dicotyledons. Their flowers are enclosed within a spatha, and are imbedded on a simple cylindrical spadix.
Some are natives of Europe and of similar latitudes, but the greater number inhabit the tropics, where they
often climb by their rooting stems to the tops of lofty trees. They have thick fleshy roots, which, when fresh,
contain an acrid stimulating principle, which is so volatile that it passes off freely upon the application of
heat; whence the roasted roots of many species are among the most common articles of negro food. The
leaves of A rum seguinum are so paralyzing, that if chewed they deprive one of the power of utterance,
whence in the West Indies it is called the dumb canc, the leaves of Dracntium pertsum are acrid; fresh
gathered, and applied all over the surface of the body, they produce a slight inflammation and
and
are used in Demerara, by the natives, in dropsical cases. T' root of A'rum triphyllum, boiled in milk, has
been found efficacious in consumption. The flowers of many species are highly fetid. Typhineae, or bull.
rushes are very like Cyperaceae inhabit. Pistiaceae are floating plants, in which the organs of fructification
are reduced to the very simplest state. Juncagineae are obscure marsh or river plants.
252 Pthos py.

755 A*corus it."
756 Orontium W.
Tribe 1.
T58 tacca py.
2 *, A rum Jy.
2005 Caldium W.
Genuine
868 Dracntium W.
869 Clia it'
4 A
76 Roxbrghia Dr.
769 Aspidestra Ker

757 Tupistra B. M.
---
1090
Tribe 2.
TYPhiNEAE.
1945 Typha W.
1946 Spargnium W.
Tribe 3.
Pistiaceae.
1939 Lmna W.
Tribe 4.
109 Leptnthus Mich.
JuncAGINEAE.
840 Scheuchzria W.
317 Potamogton W.
854 Aponogton W.
ORDER CLXXVII.
841 Triglchin W.
FLUVIALES.
With these the Vasculares and Monocotyledones terminate: it has long been apparent that we have tren
descending in the scale of vegetation; and hence, the last order exhibited a structure the most simple of
all vascular plants. In the present order, Zostra and Rppia are so closely allied to Algae, that they may
be mistaken for them.
318 Rppia W.
24 Zostra L.
II. CELLULARES.
The characteristics of this division have already been explained in the preliminary observations upon the
natural orders; and the remarks which were required for each natural order of Cellulares have already been
given in Cryptogamia in the body of the work. It has, therefore, been thought advisable to adopt from Pro
fessor Agardh such observations as he has made upon the orders, as a sort of contrast to those already given
CLAss 1.
FOLIACEAE.
Ohner I.
FILICES.
Of these the stem is perennial, often subterraneous and creeping, and occasionally becoming arborescent
and leafy above the ground. The fronds or leaves are usually pinnatitid, and more or less compound; some
times nearly simple and entire, with reticulated veins. The capsules are minute, one-celled, seldom many
celled, brown, membranous, and surrounded by a thick articulated elastic ring, irregularly bursting, and either
clustered on the lower surface of the frond, or compound in spikes. Their vernation is circinate, and some
are propagated by bulbs. The old botanists denied any fruit whatever to Ferns; believing the seeds of these
plants to be so rare as to invest any body with invisibility who could collect them. Afterwards, their capsules
were believed to be their seeds. Linnaeus, and some others, doubted whether their fructification were seeds or
pollen. Finally, the experiments of Ehrhart and Lindsay proved, beyond all cavil, that they were really seeds.
As to the male organs nothing is known; some suppose them to be glands of the frond, others the elastic ring,
some the indusium, and others the pores of the epidermis; lastly, Martius has supposed them to be the mem
brane including the spiral vessels. Ferns are chiefly inhabitants of the torrid zone, becoming rarer as we
approach the poles. They delight in a humid soil, and they often grow parasitically upon trees. The medi,
cinal virtues of some are highly astringent, of others anthelmintic, of others purgative; some have acquired
celebrity for their
others for their corroborant qualities. The young leaves and roots of some
an article of food; beer is obtained from the roots of others, and, finally, Aspidium frgrans has
n used as tea.
Tribe 1.
PolypodiAce E.
2168 Polybtrya H. & B.
2177 Nothochlaena R.Br. 2186 Asplnium L.
2195 Cheilnthes Swx.
2169 Acrostichum L.
2170 Hemionitis L.
2178 Onocla L.
2187. Allantdia R.Br.
21.96 Davllia Sm.
2188 Scolopndrium Sm.

2189 Diplzium Suz.
2190 Pteris L.
2197 Dicksnia L'Her.

2198 Balntium Kaulf
2199 Aspidium Strz.
2173 Xiphpteris Kauf.
2182
2183
2184
2185
2191 Vittaria Sm.

2192 Lonchitis L.
2200 Woodsia R.Br.
2179 Struthipteris W.
2171 Gymnogramma Desv. 2180 Allosrus Bernh.
2172 Meniscium Schreb.
2181 Ellobocrpus Kaulf.
2174 Cterach W.
2175 Polypodium L.
2176 Tae'nitis Swz.
Lomria W.
Blchnum L.
Woodwrdia Sm.
Doddia R.Br.
Tribe 2.
2205 Osmnda L.
2204 Tdea py.
2203 Hymenophyllum Sr.
2194 Adintum W.
Osmundaceae.
2206 Lygdium Swz.
Tribe 3.
2208 Botrychium Swz.
2:01 Cyatha Sm.
2193 Antrphyum Kaulf. 2:02 Trichmanes L.
2207 Anmia Stuz.
Ophioglosses.
2209 Ophioglossum L.
2210 Marttia Swz.
ORDER II. EQUISETACEAE.
Marsh plants, with a verticillate arrangement of their branches, and a highly indurated epidermis. Their
seeds are remarkable for a hygrometrical movement, The quality of some is said to be hurtful to cattle
which is denied by others.
# they were used in medicine as astringents
and diuretics.
Equisetum
hyemle has been employed for tea, and as a polishing material for furniture, under the name of Dutch
rushes.
2211 Equistum L.
Orden III.
LYCOPOD.INEAE.
With the habits of mosses they have the seeds of ferns. They are herbaceous prostrate plants, with imbri.
cated simple leaves. Lycopdium complantum, Selgo, and clavtum as used as dyes; the sporules of Lyco
pdium are said to be employed for ameliorating wine, and are also u
in making fire-works, on
account of their inflammable nature. The herb of Lycopodium clavtum and Selgo is emetic, and produces
abortion. Lycopdium phlegmria is reputed an aphrodisiac.
2212 Lycopdium L.
Ondra IV.
2213 Psilotum Stux.
MARSILEACEAE
Floating or erect simple-leaved plants of no known use. The Marsileas, which are to some countries what
Lmna is to this, are not known in cultivation.
2214 Isotes L.
2215 Pilulria L.
----------------------
CLAss II.
1091
APHYLLAE
Orden V.
MUSCL
Winter plants, reviving in humid air, abundant about the poles, rare at the equator. They cover the moun
tains of the earth as high as the limits of perpetual snow; growing in patches, they clothe the most barren
spots with verdure, reserve trees from heat and cold, prepare the earth for nourishing more
plants,
and fill up bogs and morasses with vegetable matter.
o the economy of nature they are, t herefore, more
-
subservient than to the purposes
of man. Medicinal astringent properties were formerly ascribed to some few,
but they are now neglected or forgotten.

Tribe 1. Evaaixularl
2:16 Sphagnum L.
Tribe 2.
WAGuxular, Olocaarl.
2226 Trichstomum Hedto

2218 Schistostega Mohr.
22*7 Cinclidtus P. de B.
2219 Gymnastomum Hedw, 2228 Tortula Ehr.
22:0 Hymenostomum R.Br. 22.29 Pterognium Stex.
2:35 Diphyscium Mohr.
2244 Lecodon Schwegr.
36 Buxbaumia L.
*37 Funaria heatw.
2-8 Bartramia Hedw.
22.21 Ttraphis Hedw.
2:9 Pohlia Hedw.
224.5
*46
*47
248
249
22.30
2217 Phascum L.
2:30 Didymodon Hedw.
22.22 Encalypta Hedw.
22.31 Splachnum L.
22:3 Grimmia Hedw.

22.24 Weissia Hedw.
22:5 Dicranum Hedw.
22.32 Constomum Su.

22.33 Orthotrichum Hedw.
242 Anictangium Hedw, 2251 Hypnum L.
2234 Zygodon Hook.
*3 Fissidens Hedw.
Tribe 3.
240 Bryum Hedw.

241 Polytrichum I.
Fontinlis /.
Anmodon hook.
Neckera Hedw.
Daltnia Hook.
Hookeria Sn
Leskea Ehr.
Vaulxularl Schistocaapi.
2:52 Andra'a Hedw.
Oaper VI.
HEPATICAE.
Creeping small plants, with their leaves arranged in an imbricated manner. They differ from Licheus in
structure, color, and fruit, from Musci, in the dehiscence of their capsule. Their qualities are mild, if any;
some of them are fragrant.
2255 Riccia E. B.
2:253 Jungermannia L.
22*7 Targinia E. B.
2254 Marchntia Mich.
256 Anthceros E. B.
2-58 Sphaerocarpus E. B.
Onnen Wii.
ALGAE.
Plants ascending from the simplest form known in vegetation to a very compound state. The lowest are
leafless, with their fructification immersed; the highest are leafy, with the fructification included in
an indehiscent wart-like pericarpium. Some copulate like animals, others have a spontaneous motion like
filiform
worrns. Their color is lively, in the lowest grades green, in the highest red or purple. Some are ephemoral
and microscopical, annual or perennial, and others extend to the length of many fathoms They grow at the
bottom of the sea, or in fresh water, the depths of which they clothe with vegetation, as the higher orders of
plants cover the earth with forests. They grow on stems in the water only, or on each other. Sonne exhale
oxygen, others are scented like violets. Their taste, is mild; their substance gelatinous, membranous, or
coriaceous, usually covered externally with mucus. The structure of the lowest is articulated, of the highest
fibrous.
Tribe 1.
2259 Achnnthes Ag.

2260 Ditoma Ag.
c * :1
2273 Byssocidium. Ag.

2274. Mycinma Ag.
2275 Chroolpus. Ag.
2,276 Trentepohlia Ag
2277 Scytonma Ag.
2.78 Stigonma Ag.
2279 Protonma Ag.
2280 Hygrocrocis Ag.
Nostochine.
2267 Alcyonidium Ag.

2268 Nostoc Ag.
Tribes.
2281 Leptomitus Ag.
2969 Corynphora Ag.

270 Rivulria Ag
2271 Chatophora Ag.

2272 Scythymenia Ag.
CoNFeavoides.
2289 Zygnma Ag.

2282 Mesoglia Ag:
2:40 Mougeotia Ag.
2283 Batrachospermum. Ag. 2.91 Hydrodictyon Ag.
2284 Draparmldia Ag.
292 Conferva Ag.
2285 Oscillatria Ag.
2-93 Bulbochaeta Ag.
286 Clothrix Ag.
2.94 Nitella Ag.
2295 Chra L.
2287 Lyngbya Ag.
2288 Bngia Ag.
2.96 Cermium Ag.
Tribe 4.
2304 Vauchria Ag.

2305 Cdium Ag.
22*7 Griffithsia ag.

* Chaetospra
''
2300
2.01
2
2.303
ltytiphlaea Ag.
Ectocarpus Ag.
Sphacellaria Ag.
Cladostephus ig.
2308 U'Iva L.
2309 Prohyra Ag.
2312 Rhodomla Ag.

2313 Chndria Ag.
2318. Lemnea Ag.
rchnus Ag.
2322 Haliseris Ag:
2323 Encoelium Ag.
Tribe 6.
2321
Order VIII.
*rew.
Ulvaceae.
2307 Solnia Ag.
2310 Polyides
Ag.
y
g
2311 Ptilota Ag.
**)
2305 Bryopsis. Ag.

Tribe 5.
2319 Chordria Ag
2320 Scytosiphon Ag.
2263. Desmidium Ag.

264 Schizonma Ag.
Tribe 2.
1265 Palmlla Ag.

2266 Echinella Ag.
Diatomes.
2261
FragillriaAg
Ag.
262 Meloscira
Florides.
2314
2315 Sphaerocccus
Halymnia Ag.Ag.
2316 Bonnemaisnia Ag.

2317 Delessria Ag.
Fucoideae.
2324 Zonria Ag.

2325 Laminria Ag.
2326 Lichina Ag:
2327 Furceliria Ag.

2328 Fucus 1.
2529 Cystoseira Ag.
LichENs.
Lichens are not only most useful in the OEconomy of Nature, as preparing the surface of the earth for the
reception of larger vegetables, but they are, moreover, of great utility to man Many, as Cetrria islndica,
are eatable, having a bitter principle, and giving out a styptic tincture, if immersed in alcohol. Others,
stee
in urine or salts, are used for dying; crustaceous species of this kind are Variolria oreina, Lecanra
tartrea,
chlorina, &c.; foliaceous species, Parmlia saxtilis, Sticta pulmoncea, Solorina crcea,
Gyrphora esta and pustulta, &c.; and branched kinds, Roccella tinctria (the common Orchal), Usnea
plicata, Alectoria jubta, and others. In medicine, Cetrria islndica and nivlis, Sticta pulmoncea, Alectoria
usneoides are tonic and nutritive; Parmlia parietina, Borrra purpurcea, Evernia prunstri, &c., are astrin
ent and febrifugal; Peltida aphthosa, anthelmintic; Evernia vulpina, poisonous. Some yield a gum, as
:vernia prunstri, Sticta pulmonacea may be employed for bittering beer instead of hops, and Ramalina
4 A 2
i:
1092
scopulorum instead of soap. The various species give the grey hue to old walls and stones, cover desert heaths.
and inottle the bark of ancient trees.
Tribe 1.
2330 Spilma Ach.
2836 Thelotrma Ach.

2337 Pyrnula Ach.
2341
2342
2343
2.44
2345
2338 Variolria Ach.

2339 Urceolria Ach.
2340 Lecanra Ach.
Idiothalami.
2334 Gyrphora Ach.

2335 Endocrpon Ach.
2332 Lecidea Ach.

2333 Calicium Ach.
2331 Solorina Ach.
Tribe 2
Parmlia Ach.
Borrra Ach.
Cetrria Ach.
Sticta Ach.
Peltida Ach.
2354 Alectoria Ach.

2355 Ramalina Ach.
CoENothalAML
2346 Nephrma Ach.
2350 Baeomyces Ach.
2347 Rocclla Ach.

23.48 Evrnia Ach.
$35l Isidium Ach.

2352 Stereocaulon Ach
2349 Cenmyce Ach.
2353 Sphaerophoron Ach.
Tribe 3. Homothai.A.Mi.
2356 Corniculria Ach.
2.357 U/snea Ach.
Tribe 4.
2358 Collma Ach.
AthALAMI.
2359 Leprria Ach.

2360 Opgrapha Ach.
2361 Verrucria Ach.
Tribe 5. Pseudo-LichENEs.
2362 Porina Ach.
2363 Arthnia Ach.
Oroga IX.
2364 Grphis Ach.
FUNGI.
We have now reached the lowest station of vegetable existence, in arriving where the vesicles which com
pose the vegetable fabric are combined in various forms, according to the contingent circumstances under
which they are developed. The mould on the cheese, the ergot of corn, the rust of the rose, and the huge
Boltus, which, in Java, spreads out its many-handed body from the trunks of ancient trees like a vegetating
demon, differ only in the number of the vesicles of which they are composed. Many species are eatable, as
Agricus campstris; others are as Boltus scaber; some are used medicinally, as Dadlea suaveolens
in coughs; Agricus tba reginae in diarrhoea; Agricus piperatus in calculous disorders; Phllus Moktisin
against cancer; Polyprus annsus against the bites of serpents. Some Coprini are used, for healing
ulcers; Polyprus , as a purgative; Polyporus ignirius as a styptic; Polyprus destrictor, and a
number of others, constitute dry rot. For the poison of fungi, the roots of garlic, the leaves of parsley, and
tincture of lacmus, are said to be remedies: so also is common spirit. Fungi swarm in all the coldest countries
of the world, but as we approach the equator they are extremely rare; the place where they most flourish is
Sweden, and the adjacent regions.
Tribe 1.
2365 Agricus I.
2366 Coprinus Lk.
2367 Gmphus Fries.
HYMeNoMycetes.
$ 1. Hymenini.
Div. 1. Pileati.
2369 Merlius Haller.
2373 Boltus Dill.
2370 Schizophyllum Fries. 2374 Fistulina Bull.
2371 Daedalea Pers.
2375 Hydnum L.
2376 Sistostrma Fries.

2377 Phlbia Fries.
2378 Thelphora Ehr.
2368 Cantharllus Adans. 2372 Polyporus Micheli.

Div. 2.
Clavati.
2383 Mitrula Fries.
2.379 Clavria Paill.

2380 Calcera Fries.
2381 Geoglssum Pers.

2382 Spatulria Pers.
2386 Morchlla Dill.
2387 Helvlla L.
2388 Vrpa Swz.
2389 Letia Hill.
Div. 2.
2392 Bulgria Fries.
Cupulati.
2394 Cenngium Fr.
2396 Cryptomyces Fr.
2393 Ditiola Fries.
2395 Stictis Pers.
2.
Uterini v. Elvellaceae.
Div. l.
23:00 Peziza Dill.

2391 Ascbolus Pers.
2385 Pistillria Fries
2384 Typhula Fries.
Mitrati.
3. Tremellini.
2399 Dacrymyces Nees.
2400 Agyrium Fr.
2397 Tremella L.
%398 Exidia Fries.
$4.
2403 Acrosprmum Tode.
2404 Sclerotium Tode.
# 1.
Div. 2.
2411 Tber Plin.
Div. 3.
Phalloideae.
2410 Batrrea Pers.

Tuberaceae.
24.12 Rhizopgon Fr.

Nidulariaceae.
2414 Myriocccum Tr.

Div. 4.
2417 Thelbolus Tode.
2408 Erysibe Rebentisch.
Angiogastres.
2409 Phllus Mich.
2416 Atractbolus Tode.
2407 Acinula Fr.
GAstemoMycetes.
Div. 1.
2413 Nidulria Bull.
2402 Naematlia Fr.
Sclerotracei.
2405 Rhizoctonia Dec.

2406 Perila Fr.
Tribe 2
2401 Hymenlla Fr.
2415 Polyngium Lk.
Carpoboli.
2418 Pilbolus tode.
2419 Sphaerobolus Tode.
2. Pyrenomycetes.
Div. 1. Sphaeriacci.
2422 Cucurbitria Gray.
2424 Heterosphaeria Grew, 2426 Lphium Fries
24.0 xylria Hill.

2421 Stromatosphaeria Grev.2423 Cryptosphaeria Grev. 2425 Sphaeria Haller.
Cytisporei
2429 Cytispra Ehr.
Div. 2.
2428 Septria Fries
2427 Sphaerona'ma Fries.
1093
2400 Phnna Fr.
2431 Dothida Tr.
Div. 3. Phacidiacel
2433 Phacidium Fries.
2432 Rhytisma pries.
2435 Actinothyrium Kunz.

2436 Leptostroma Fr.
Div. 4. Xylomacel
2437 Xylma Pers
2438 Lasiobtry's Kunz.
2434 Hystrium tode.
2409 Asterma
De
* 3. Trichosperml.
Div. 1. Lycoperdunei
240 Onygena Pers
2442 Sclerodrma Pers.
2441 Tuistoma Pers.
2443 Lycoperdon Mich.

Div. 2.
2446 Cratrium Trent. 2449 Dictyolium Schrad.

2447 Stemonitis Pers. 2450 Arscyria Pers.
2448 Cribraria Schrud. 2451 Leangium L4.
Div. 3.
2456 Lycogala Mich.
2444 Bovista Pers.

2445 Geastrum Mich.
Trichociati
2472 Trichia Pers.
245J Diddrina Pers.
2454 Physarum Pers

2435 Leocarpus Lt.
Fuliginoidei.
2457 Spumria Pers.
Div. 4.
Liceoidei
2458 Dichosprium Nees.
2459 Licea Schrad.
* 4. Mucoroidei.
2460 Mcor Pers.
2462 Ascphora Tode.
2461 Thamnidium Lk.
* 5.
24.63 Eurtium Lk.
Tribe 3.
Perisporia.
2464 Amphisporium Lk.
Hypnomycetes.
* 1. Cephalotrichi.
2466 Isria Pews.
2465 Certium Albertini.
* 2. Stilboidei.
2467 Stilbum Tode.
*468 torula Lk.

2469 Monilia Pers.
* 3. Inomycetes.
Div. 1. Byssacei.
2474 Oznium lik.
2472 Cladosporium 1.x.
2473 Helicosporium Nees. 24.75 Rhizomorpha Roth.
2470 Racdium Pers.

2471 Demtium Pers.
Div. 2.
2476 Sepedonium Lk, 2479 Trichothcium Lk.

2477 Acremnium Lk 2480 Acrosporium Nees.
2478 Sportrichum Lk 2481 Botrytis Mich.
Mucedines.
2482 Aspergillus Mich.

2483 Stachylidium Lk.
2484 Penicillium le.

2485 Trichoderma Pers.
* 4. Phylleriaceae.
2486 Rubigo Lk.
2487 Erineum Pers.
Tribe 4.
Coxiomycetes.
2488 Tuberculria Tode.
* 1. Tuberculariae.
2489 Fusrium Lk.
2401 Fusidium Lk.
2493 Stilbospra Huffin.
2492 Polythrincium Kunz.
2494 Sporidrmium Lk.
2490 Exosprium Lk.
* 2. Entophytae.
Div. 1. Stilbosporei.
Div. 2.
2496 Cylindrosprium Grev. 24/7 Urdo Pers.
2495 Naemaspra Pers.
Hypodermia.
2498 AEcidium Pers.
2499 Puccinia Mica.
After the most perfect classification which the present state of botanical knowledge renders practicable,
consequence of their structure being incompletely known, or of their affinity not having yet been discovered.
there still remain a few genera which are incapable of having their true station assigned to them, either in
As far as this work is concerned, they are the following, all of which are Dicotyledones.
2121 Nepanthes it.
1+62 Aitnia py.
1966 Aucuba JV.
2163 Laurophyllus ty.
2008 Antidesma ji".
405 Brexia Nor.
1986 Ceratophyllum W.
2008 Euclea Ji.
42 Vallsia F. per.
4. A 3
G LOSSA RY
of
TERMS USED IN THE GENERIC AND SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS, IN THE GENERAL

OBSERVATIONS ON THE CLASSES, AND IN THE NOTES.
The figures between parentheses () refer to the engravings at the bottom of the page.
After each term a reference is given to an example of its application in the body of the work: in these
references, g. signifies genus, s. species, p. page.
A.
sced, which does not adhere to it; it is the same as
the Linnaean nur. Hippophaea, g. 20:8 p. 817.

A, in composition, signifies without, as Aphyllus,
without leaves; Acaulis, without stem. s. 1339.
Abbreviate (abbreviare, to shorten). Used in com
parative descriptions, to indicate that one part is
shorter than another. Slvia crassiflia, s. 420.
Aberrant, deviating from the natural or direct way;
applied in Natural History to species ort that
deviate from the usual characters of their neigh
bours.
n. 408.
Abortion (1) signifies an imperfect developement of any

given organ. Cephalnthus, g. 275. p. 78.
Abraded, rubbed or worn off. Accia, g. 2127. (note.)
Abstergent, cleansing, having a cleansing quality. Sa
pindus, g. 926. (note.)
Accessory, something added to the usual number of
organs, or their parts. Phlaris, g. 168. p. 32.
Accretion, the growing of one thing to another. p. 748.
Accumbent, lying on, prostrate, supine; this term is
employed in Cruciferae, to signify a radicle, which
lies upon the edge of the Cotyledons. p. 536.
Acerose, (2) needle-pointed; fine and slender, with a
sharp point Banksia pulchlia, 1449.

Acescent, sour, tart, acid. Pinguicula, g. 52 (note.)
Acetarious, any thing belonging to the salad tribes of
vegetables. Lactica, g. 1628. (note.)
Acetous, something that produces acidity. Trticum,
g. 206 (note.)
Acicular, (3) needle-shaped. Leptosprmum trilocu
lre, s. 6 (31.
(4) scimitar-shaped. Ehrhrta, g. 754.
4:",
p. 238.
Acini, the small stones in grapes, strawberries, &c.

Cecrpia, g. 2043. (note.)
Aculcate, (5) being furnished with aculei or prickles, as
distinguished from spines. Spartina polystchya,
s, 9.0.
Acules, prickles, sharp hard processes of the epidermis
Albumen, the substance under the inner coat of the

testa, surrounding the embryo; it is sometimes ab
sent. Rseda, g. 1102 (note.)
Alembick, a vessel used in distilling, or acting like a
still. Phoenix, g. 2049. (note.)
Alexipharmic, that which counteracts poisons, anti
dotal. Marnta, g. 2. (note.)
Aleriteric, having the power of doing away poisons.
-
. . 1065.
a', having the properties or effects of alkali

Rmex acetsa, g. 856. (note.)
Alkali, any substance which, when mingled with acid,

roduces fermentation. Viola, g. 540. (note.) . .
peolate, (11) resembling a honeycomb. Borkhasia,
g. 1637. p. 661.
Alvine, of or belonging to the intestines. Accia,
g. 2127. (note.)
Amentum, (12) a catkin; mode of inflorescence. Apo
nogton, g. 854, p. 240.
Amplexicaul, (13)
; the base of the leaf
surrounding the stem.
estrum auriculatum,
-
"g
s. 2465.
Amylaceous, having the properties of starch. p. 10'5.

Anastomosing, (14) uniting, or inosculation, of vessels.
Cinclidtus, g. 2227. p. 896.
Androgynous, producing both male and female sexes

on the same root, or in the same flower. Uncinia,
g. 1949, p. 768.
Anfractuose, full of turnings and winding passages."
hrma, g. 1458, p. 560.
Angular, (15) composed of, or furnished with, angles.

pzia coronta, s. 103.
Angulo-dentate, (16) angularly toothed, or angular and

toothed
Lapsna communis, s. 11324
4:", (17) rings or circles. Rivulria, g. 70.

a', growing in front of some other thing. H
falling off when old; by which character they are

kea acanthophylla, s. 1434.
distinguished from spines, which do not fall off. Anthelmintic, capable of killing worms. Geoffrya,
Medicago murex, s. 10910.
g. 1517. (note.)
Acuminate, (6) taper-pointed. Cnna indica, s. 2.
Antheriferous, (18) bearing anthers. Lopezia, g. 18, p. 1.
Acutangular, (7) having sharp angles. Crchorus Antiaphrodisiacal, anything which checks the desire
acutngulus, s. 7722.
Adnate, (8) adhering to a thing. Anthers are called
adnate when they are attached to the filament
whole length. Anthoxnthum amrum,
!'"
s. 455.
Adult, the full-grown of anything: full-grown leaves

are adult leaves. Prtea obtusa, s. 1318.
AEruginous, having a color like that of aerugo or ver
digris. Curcma aeruginsa, s. 82.
collected in a heap or head. AEcidium
acobae'a, s. 16669.
(9) gathered together; usually applied to a
dense sort of inflorescence. Calymnia aggregta,
4'.
4:
s. 570.
of sexual intercourse. Vitex, g. 1317. (note.)

Anti-pestilential, efficacious against pestilence. An
glica, g. 664. (note.)
Antiphrasis, the use of words in a sense opposite to
that of some neighbouring parallel sentence. Glo
bulria, g 260. (note.)
Anti-scrophulous, antiscorbutic; efficacious against
scurvy. Cynoglssum, g. 336 (note.)
Antiseptic, efficacious against putrefaction. Artemisia,
g. 1721. (note.)
-
Aperient, having a slight purgative quality. Cur

c(ima, g. 14. (note.)
Apetalous, being without petals. p. 1.
Aper, (19) the summit; generally applied to anything
Agrumi, a name given by the Italians to any kind of

terminating in a point. Thlia dealbta, s. 26.
lemons or oranges. Citrus, g. 1615. (note.
Aphrodisiacal, any thing which excites a desire for
Akenium, (10) a hard pericarpium, containing a single
sexual intercourse. Justicia, g. 47. (notc.)
GLOSSARY.
Aphthons, resembling something covered with little
ulcers. Accia, g. 2127. (note.)
Apiculate, (20) terminating in an apiculus or little
point- Rsa microphylla, s. 7512.
Apiculus, (21), a small point. This term is generally
used when the midribprojects beyond the leaf, form.
ing a little point, or when a small point is very sud
denly and abruptly formed. Tortula unguiculata,
s. 14757.
1095
Beak, anything which resembles the beak of a bird;
hard short points. Briza, g. 195. p. 33.
*::::::
having long hair like a beard.
g. 50. p. 9.
*::". having small awns.
Wulfnia,
Cinna arundincea,
s. 1010.
*:::::
(31) twice pointed.
s. 13081.
Carex lagopodioides,
Bidentate, (32) double-toothed, or having two teeth.
Apophysis, (22) a swelling beneath the theca of a moss.

SplAchnum, g. 2231. p. 896.
Appendir, (23) that which is attached. Sarracnia
rabra, s. 7675.
Appense, being hung up as a hat is upon a pin; an
approach to pendulous. Pimenta, g. 1123. p. 49.

Appressed, placed close upon something else; when
hairs lie flat upon the surface of a plant, they are
be appressed. Stachytrpheta hirsutissima,
:
s. 337.
Approximated, near together. Slvia truncata, s.445.

Apterous, without wings, or the membranous margins
which botanists call wings. Pinguicula, g-52. (note.)
Alantdia axillaris, s. 14527.
Biennial, a plant is said to be biennial which requires

two seasons to mature its fruit, and then dies. Phi
Iydrum, g. 17. (note.)
Bifarious,
(33) placed in two rows. Alpinia tubulata,
s. 50
*...*
half divided in two, two clea cannalates,
s. 4
*:::::".
double-glanded. Malpighia glandulsa,
s. 657
Huabiate, (35) having two lips. Dicliptera, g. 48, p. 9.
*::: * divided into two lobes. O'xalis filicalis,
s.txo 18.
Aquatics, growing in or belonging to water. p. 1.
Rinate, growing two together. Crnus sucica, s.1791.
Arboreous, being a tree, as distinguished from frutes

cent or shrubby. Pelargnium discipes, s. 9633.
Arborescent, having a tendency to become a tree.
Piper tomentsum, s. 517.
Arcuate, curved or bent like a bow. Hypcoum pro
cumbens, s. 1815.
Areole, (24) little spaces or areas on the surface of a
*:::
capable of being parted in
g. 231. p 77.
thing: the surface of crustaceous lichens is often
a in
every direction; the spaces between the

cracks are the areolae. Lecida coracina, s. 15378.
Areolated, the adjective of the last term. Solenia,
g. 2007. p. 925.
Aridity, dryness Xertes, g. 2076 (note.)
Ariliate, having that peculiar appendage called the
Arilius. The term is only applied to seeds. p. 751.
Arillus, (25) a process of the placenta adhering to the
hilum of seeds, and sometimes enveloping them.
Phrynium, g. 5. p. 1.
Aristate, bearded, as the glumes of barley. Many
grasses.
Aroma, the spicy quality of a thing. Justicia, g. 47.
two.
Protea,
Bipinnate, (37) a mode of foliation; twice pinnate.

etrphila pulchlla, s. 1306.
Bipinnatifid. (38 twice pinnatifid, a mode of foliation.

Fernica Jacquini, s. 238.
Bisaccate, having two little sacks, bags, or pouches.

Mathiola, g. 1381. p. 536.
Bisctate, (39) resembling two bucklers (scuta) placed

side by side. Biscutella, g. 1413. p. 537.
Biternate, (40) divided in three twice over. Chaero
phyllum Claytni, s. 3491.
Bi-tri-crenate, crenate twice or thrice. Jungermnnia

pusilla, s. 14958.
Bi-tri-pinnatifid, pinnatifid twice or thrice over. Pe.

trphila diversifolia, s. 1307.
Bi-tri-ternate, growing in threes twice or thrice over.
Actae'a americana. s. 7650.
Bivalved, two-val ved p. 877.

Blanching, made white by being grown in a dark
place.
(ica, g. 1628. (note.)
Bland, fair, beautiful. Mesembrynthemum blndum,
(note.)
Articulation, the place where one thing is joined with

another, another word for joint. Corynphorus,
g. 169 (note.)
Asci, (26) small tubes in which the sporules of Crypto

gamic plants are placed. p. 978.
Ascigerous, having asci. p. 982.
Assurgent, rising upward. Phlox amoena, s. 2113.
Attenuate, made thin or slender. Lopzia racemsa,
s 7348.
Blight, a vague term, signifying a pestilence among

plants caused by the attack of insects or of para
sitical fungi, or by some endemical affection of the
atmosphere. Hmulus, g. 2074 (note.)
Blistered, having the surface raised as the skin is
when blistered. Slvia micrntha, s. 393.
Bole, trunk of a tree. Ornus, g. 69 (note.)
s. 102.
Boragineous, of or belonging to the natural order
Boragineae. Rhxia, s. 900 (note.)
Auriculated, (27) having an ear-like base. Jasminum
auricultum, s. 174.
Brachiate, (41) having arms or branches usually placed
Awns, the beard or arista of corn. Salsla muricta,
site to each other, nearly at right angles with
s. 3404.
the main stem, and crossing each other alternately.
Phillyra angustifolia, s. 143.
Aril-flowering, flowering in the axilla. Chionnthus
axillaris, s. 154.
Bracteate, furnished with bractea, p. 443.
Arilla, literally the armpit; in plants applied to the
little bractea, Geropgon, g. 1620. p.
661.
angle formed by the union of the leaf and stem.
Dipsacus, g. 262 (note.)
B, acter, (42) small leaves placed near the calyx. Ma
rnta obliqua, s. 19.
Axillary,
placed in the axilla. Pollichia camps
*::",
Branchlets, small branches. Agrstis vulgris, s.993.
tris, s. 113.
Aris, the line, real or imaginary, that passes through

anything. Actinocarpus, g. 860, (note.)
B.
Bristles, rigid hairs. Ghinia, g. 65. p. 10.

Bulbiferous, bulb-bearing. Glbba marantina, s. 96.
Bulbous, having bulbs. Cyprus, g. 127, p. 31.
Bulbs, (43) underground buds resembling roots, and
consisting of numerous fleshy scales placed one
over the other...Allium, g. 79 p. 272.

Baccate, berried, having a fleshy coat or covering. Burry, covered with hooked stiff hairs, like the heads
of Bur or Burdock. Pisnia, g. 864. (note.)
Gmlina, g. 1311. p. 493.
Bagged, resembling a bag or sack. Ceanthus, g. 510. Byssoid, having the appearance of Byssi. p. 979.
p. 113.
Ball, (29) the round central part of the flower of the
C.
Staplia, p. 199.
Bands, (30) or vittae, are the spaces between the ele
wated lines or ribs of the fruit of umbelliferous Caducous, falling off soon. Epimdium, g. 297, p. 79.
Caesious, grey. Curcma ca'sia, s. 84.
plants. Bbon, g. 640, p. 116.
Barred, crossed by a paler color in spaces resembling Caespitose, growing in little tufts. Erinus alpinus,
s 88.25.
bars. Sansevira glauca, s.4540.
25
1096
GLOSSARY,
Calcarate, (44) spurred, or spur-shaped. Alpinia carda

mmum, 8.48,
Caucareous, chalky, or growing on chalk. Olea,
g. 32. (note.)
Calceiform, (45) formed like a little shoe. Pedilnthus,
g. 1104. f S93.
Calli, small callosities, or rough protuberances. Slvia
amarissima, s. 397.
Callous, hardened. Brnia ericoides, s. 3005.
Calycine, of or belonging to a calyx. Cartonma,
g. 90. p. 30.
Calyculated, (46) having bracteolae resembling an ex
ternal or additional calyx. Myoseris, g. 1640. p 661.
Calyptra, (47) literally an extinguisher; applied to the
body which tips the theca of a moss, and the like.
p. 895.
Calyptrate, having a covering resembling an extin
guisher. Erica coarctata, s. 5330.
having a calyptra. Actinophyllum, g. 697.
p. 117.
Calyptriformis, shaped like a calyptra. Marcgraavia,
g. 1163. p. 456
Campanulate, (48) bell-shaped. Cstus, g. 11. p. 1.
channelled or furrowed.
feissia actita,
c:",
*:::",
s. 14714.
Cancellate, latticed; resembling lattice-work. Tri

gonlla cancellta, s. 10882.
Canescent, hoary, approaching to white. Selgo
camscens, s. 8662.
Capillary, (49) very slender; resembling a hair. Tri
chophorum, g. 125. p 31,

c'etc.
(50) growing in a head.
p. 1.
Chlornthus, g. 25.
e:
growing in small heads.
(note.
Pimpinlla nisum, s. 3562.
fleshy. Gymnostomum Griffithsianum, s.
Carpella, (53) the small parts out of which compound

fruit are formed. Actinocarpus, g. 860 (note.)
Carpology, the science which treats of the structure
of fruits and seeds. p. 1056.
Cartilage, gristle Rchea odoratissima, s. 3868.
Cartilaginous, gristly. Aspicrpa, g. 29, p. 1.
Cataplasm, a plaster, or more properly a poultice.
Zangiber, g. 10 (note.)
Accia, g 127.
Cathartic, purgative. Gratiola, g. 43. (note.)

Catkin, (12) inflorescence of the natural order Amen
taceae. Artocarpus, g. 1935. p. 768.

Caudate, tailed, being iike a tail. Strophnthus, g.
416 p. 111.
Cauder, the trunk or stem.
Ccos aculeta, s. 13321.
Candicula, (54) a small membranous process on which

the pollen of orchideous plants is fixed.
guzia, g. 1883. p. 749.
*::", acquiring a stem.
Rodri
Trichnema caulscens,
s. 64.
Cauline, produced on the stem. Centrnthus calci

trpa, s. 112.
Plumbgo,
Causticity, having a burning quality.
g. 324 (note.)
Cautery, that which burns. Artemisia, g. 1721. (note.)
*#
composed of cells.
s. 12.
c: s. 640.
Mand
rtatanry, quackery. Mandragra, g. 447. (no

by fire. Qurcus, g. 2
*:
'#'
note.)
Chlorosis, the green sickness, a disease so cal

Anthemis, g. 1778 (note.)
Ciliar, (60) hairs like those of the eyelash. Plant
subulta, s. 1707.
Ciliary processes, like eyelash hairs. p. 907.
Ciliated, eyelash-haired.
ia cordta, s. 104.
Ciliato-dentate, toothed and fringed with hairs
eyelashes. nicus heterophyllus, s. 1145.
ash-colored, grey.
Grevillea cin:
:
s. 1417.
Cingalese, inhabitants of, or belonging to, Ceyl

P umbigo zeylnica, s. 1861.
Circinately, (61) curled round like a sharp crook. p.:
Cirrhiferous, bearing tendrils. Gloriosa supr
s. 4574.
s. 8531.
Clammy, viscid, sticky. Boerhavia viscsa, s.10
Carminative, medicines which promote perspiration.
e:
of or belonging to a cold.
-(note.
unotc.)
Ceraceous, wax-like. Peziza er/impens, s. 16273.

Cernuous, (56) nodding, drooping, or pendulous. C
iridiflra, s. 17.
, (57) bearing processes resembling chaff E
phorum, g. 125. p. 31.
Chalaza,
a.
t on the seed, indicating wi
the vessels of the raphe terminate. Eriobt
g. 1137. p. 409.
Channel-leaved, (59) folded together so as to resen
a channel for conducting water. Trichonma
Cirrhose, or Cirrhous, (62) tendrilled. Bigmnia fing

Bryum, g. 2240.
Capituli, small heads. Rseda, g. 1102 (note.)

Capitulworm, formed like a small head. Cenomyce,
g. 2349, p. 949.
Carbonised, burned to a coal. Qurcus stiber, g. 2000.
(note.)
Carina, (51) a keel like that of a boat; also the two
lower petals of papilionaceous flowers. Pongmia,
g. 1514, p. 598.
Carinate, keel-shaped. Utriculria minor, s. 329.
Cariopsis, (52) a one-celled, small, indehiscent pericar
pium adhering to the seed which it contains, as the
grain of grasses. Hydrstis, g. 1241. p. 459.
Carious, decayed. Juniperus, g. 2113 (note.)
*:
14671.
Centurie, hundreds. Buxbatimia, g. 2236. (note.

Cepkalic, medicinal to the head. Kaempferia, s
Clathrate, latticed, divided like latticework. Sol

comprssa, s. 15270
Clavate, club-shaped. Curcma comsa, s. 85.
Clavellose, clubbed, or having club-like process
Chndria clavellsa, s. 15290.
Clavus, a name for the ergot, a disease in corn. F
tca duriscula, g. 182. (note.)
Claws, (269) the taper base of a petal. Cnna limb
s. 8
Clinandrium, (63) that part of the column of orc

deous plants in which the anther lies. List
g. 1876, p. 749.
Clypeate, (64) shaped like a Roman buckler. T

pistra, g. 757, p. 238.
Cobwebbed, covered with loose hairs, as if with a c.
web. Anacmpseros arachnoides, s. 660.
Cochleate, (65) resembling the shell of a sn.
Rhxia, g. 900. p. 300.
Cohering, connected. Prtea, g. 231. 77.
Collapsion, the act of closing or falling togeth

Sphaeria hydrphora, s. 16436
Columella, (66) the axis of the fruit of mosses. p. 8
Columnar, formed like columns. , 1/xia fucata, s.6

Comminuted, pulverised or pounded. Linum, g. 7
(note.)
Cognose, this term is used to express a kind of int
rescence, which is terminated by sterile bracte
Marnta comsa, s. 24.
Compact, close, solid. Cyprus vegtus, s. 895.

Complicate, folded together. Rhopla dentata, s. 14
Complicato-carinate, folded together so as to form
sort of keel. Fontinlis antipyretica, s. 14848.
Compound, used in botany to express the union
several things in one: thus, a compound umbe
formed by several simple umbels, a compou
flower by several simple flowers, &c. Alpinian
tans, s. 43.
Compressed, pressed together. Salicrnia, g. 22 p.
Concave, hollow. Zingiber miga, s. 54.
Concentric, points or lines at equal distances from

common centre. Erycles amboinnsis, s. 4077.
Concrete, hardened or formed into one mass. Orn
g. 69. (note.)
Eriocanlon septangulre,
Cone, (67) a particular kind of compound fruit. 1

trophila, g 229 p. 76.
Centimetre 55) is a French measure equal to 4lines #
Conferruminate, united together, so as to be undist

guishable. Olynthia, g. 1124. p.409.
or near 44 lines.
44
45
***
*Y">
P
al
Palmlla, g. 2265 (note.)

tf
47
48
51
52
55
55
I -
GLOSS.,.,.
GLOSSARY.
a/m.,/, like confer Spor.'tchntis, g.
margin,
they* aro
('.' '. running into one another. .
loissunu.4,
tie. ^
s ,
- grunddurum, - 181.
Jaamtnun
Cruciate,
(SI)cruciate
haped
,jk
. laarilbiUktK UrmijiiUMH" Cjn,'/o6n/r,
collected
into
a
spherical
form.
Decry.
ea.d
to
be
When
mvecs ;iM'i
morifunnis,
- Ib-JUU.
opposite,
each
other
rescmnlmg
a
cone.
Hcdfchium
hetero rfa..^nHl^4lMii Ht. ,?* Conical,
Cemhda, s.the3360.namc atQf
m.Ulutn,
i h mii. </>16900.
' ka ', (69' between conical ami round. Cruci/t-rot(St
bearmg cruciate flowers,
iTffiuctMwa/f,
[70)I . letween conical and ov.ite. Pinus s 9 77' having a na
cKlfl
sylvestris,
s.
Crffsfiuiiae',
consisting laro)
Conjugate,
i7I>ltper
joinedcuneifilium,
in pain : as.term
chietly applied Mwembryanthemum
to
leave*,
5K4.
'i!823
hooded'
Connate, (72' joined together at the base. Calceolaria
Chk!:ârtemofKrasses^
[' : '.', ;73) converging. Lflingia, g. 82. p. 3U. cZr
Mara,lt* arund.n
Cvnoiil, cone-like.
Silne conoidea,
i. 6223Comtrictal,
(74j tightened
or contracted
in some par "' l'rodwinS
ticular
place.
Salix
lanceolate,
s.
ISfil,
Gmwrgjag,
together. Datura frox,
a 2164risingapproaching
Conor;,
in a circular form. Piper ruhlium,
,
54.4L
Couwxtt.jilant,
plane
on one side, convex on the other, Copule, (841 the cup of an a
Cirex vulpina,
. 13<iS4.
i.lantt p. rion
Convolute,
(75)
rolled
Crocus, g. 93.
p. 31). Pccom
SB?""' r Q**M'i
CoraUoid,heart-shaped.
like coral. together.
Chondrla
kallfrmU,
s.9. liS91.
Cordate,
Canna
variabilis,
CiupUate,
(S.5) like |he no
Coriaceous,horny,
leathery.
. 152.
Corneous,
oftheChiotunthus
consistence ofvirgmicus,
horn. Sphro1 ritma rosea, g, ^
Corniculatc,
having processes
like .email
Me- ('' rela'ing 10 'he
j. .1"
iscmbryiinthe.nuin
procumbent,
7251..horns.
Cornute,
horned.
1
.
.
cornta,
70I.
(note.)
' ^'
Corona,
(76) literally
acrown
: applied
botanyofto the
m cut "ds t"
crowr.-like
cupcorolla
which
isNarcissus,
found
at Pancratium,
thein orifice
the ^k'Z'*"1**
i. im >* t**T.
I iantago maerorhiza,
17(
tube
of
the
in
and
<-*"'*!/"".
cup.ihai)(jd,
co,
Others, firodiar'a,
g. - 114
p. 31. of any thing. Se- chellus, 4(/5.
Corpuscle,
.dl
body
a
particle
Cylindmceous,
having
the
camne, g. strengthening,
577. p. 114. having the power to give cranun, Scottiniim, i 147-fo
Corroborant,
,i'T'"'"'" c*li<1-llapeil.
rtrength.
Maltais,
I8. of(note.)
Corrosive,
having
the g.power
wearing away. Saplndus,
g.
926.
(note.)
',
p. SSW.'
Corrugated,
or shrivelled. P.ispalura stolo- Sg.;S') boat-jha|ie<l
Diferuro,ofor,wrinkled
MB.
Cortical,
belonging
to
the
bark.
I.lnum,
g.
701.
tened |nicle.
(note ) (7T) a raceme or panicle in which the stalks llrmosc,
Hovering &,rpn,
in cjujea|acH
Corymb,
ofupper,
the solower
llnweni
are
longer
than
those
of
the
the flowers ber,
themselvc
all on the
ame level.that
Centrtithu*
the
110.arc
I).
Corymbose,
formed
orcoronate,
arranged.alter
manner of a Drfandrmix, having ten stame
corymb,
topate
lu.
snica,
.
6573.
Corymbuluse,
formedcorymbuli'isa,
or arranged .In387.
many sm.ill co Dt'ciilutius, lulling of!! Leaves
rymb*. beautifying,
Ctente
imally are said lose
to betheir
dccidurileJ
Cosmtht,,
U by-,Imt.iinsts
g. 262. (note.)
Cost*
literally
ribs
:
applied
.that141.annually
to the mulnh
ofelev.itious
a leaf, andhaving
sometimes
toM.mctimes
anjrdirec
pro. Declnate,
curved downwards
jecting
round
the
same
tion a* the axis of the fruit. MorchHa, g. >6. Decoction, a preparation or di|
(unte.)
Ci'inila, g. 58.89 mote.)
Collate,
ribbed. Jungenn/innia furcU, . 1.5004.
a leaf issaid
EteWunr,
l78) thing
seed leaves.
g.or210.cucullatc
(noto.) Decomjiounrf,
it isalsotwice
pinnated
a panicto
Cowled
leaved,
is said
toHrdeum,
l>einCOW1*3
are
p.inicled.
lauociera
when
iu
end
is
curved
inwards
such
a
manner
as
Decorticated,
disharked.
toi represent
cowl ror hood
hood ofof aa monk.
monk. 1Lache- Decumbent, lying down. Ain^gd
ChlorJ
."'lia
h,f,.,,i,,
bib.lia, the
."i
48'.
s. 121. (90^ runningdown.
Ynalta
n"> notches
s. -r
Decurrent,
%"'',
(791
79,thenotched
notchSf
S,!1,?';'"'
rP
""!,
i1 60S3
Decursiiv,
having
a
tendency
toLcr
&cnn;a
,,o?
C"n,,a
hmhi,
i'*', :'icii.,iB. i',;um mt;,u, ,

helinthi, when
. 3591.two right line;
Decussated,
i. 370.
right angles they
are said
to d>
often
in this
position,
a 1746,placed
Deezcd,
turned
downwards.
Sc
. . (91) gaping; an expre
''.' S ""h Sei".
.fjjr y ^^'^"^^--ve. Paring: Pezfia Dehiscent,
modedischarge
in whichtheir
the anthers or tlp
870. and
J, ",M,e"re^h undniaiedatthe
Deliquescent,
meltingcontente,
away upot
p. 979.
ss
1098
GLOSSARY.
Delta-leaved, Deltoid, (92) shaped like the Greek A.

Mesembryanthemum, g. 1145 p. 437.
Demulcent, having the property of softening any
Mlva, g. 1472. (note.)
thing.
Diuretic, having the power of promoting the flow of

urine. Bromlia, g. 726 (note.)
Divaricate, growing in a straggling manner. Vernica
pinnta, s. 219.
Dodecandrous, having twelve stamens. Rivina do
decndra, s. 1511.
Dolabriform, (103) axe-shaped. Stizolbium, g. 1551
p. 599.
Dorsal, growing on the back. Kaempfria rotunda.
Dentate, (93) having the margin divided into incisions

resembling teeth. Vernica acuta, s. 196.
Dentato-ciliate, having the margin dentate and tipped
with ciliae. Sonchus arvnsis, s. 11106.
Dentato-sinuate, (94) scolloped and toothed. Hypo
s. 67.
chaeris glabra, s. 11319.
*:#ai.
being finely dentate. Circaea lutetina, Drastic, applied to medicines which act violently.
S. 47.
Dictmnus, g. 997. (note.)
Denticulations, small toothings. Bossia'a scolopn Drupe, (104) a of fruit consisting of a fleshy suc
-
drium, s. 10121.
P:#".
tooth-shaped. Barbara plantaginea,

Dentrifice, powder made to scour the teeth. Accia,
s.
culent rind, and containing a hard stone in the

middle. Olea, g. 52. p. 9.
Dyspepsia, difficulty of digestion. Artemisia, g. 1721.
(note.)
-
g. 2127. (note.)
Probstruent, having the power of removing obstruc
E.
#,"
term of medicine. Agrimnia, g. 1101.

Dependent, hanging down. Morae'a spathcea. s. 826.
Depressed, pressed downward. Thlia, g. 4. p. 1.
Depurated, purified, cleansed. O'xalis, g. 1065. (note.)
Despumate, to throw off in froth or scum. Cecrpia,
note.
g. 2043. (note.)
Detergent, Detersive, having the
power of cleansing.
Physalis, g. 448. (note.)
*:::: having two stamens. Boerhavia hirsata,

P:". transparent. Encalypta cilita 8 alpina,
s, 107.
s.
o,
Echinated, (105) covered with prickles like an echinus

or hedgehog.
Ammum subulatum, s. 79.
Edible, eatable. Eleusine, g. 200. (note.) , .

Effuse, (106) literally poured forth; applied to inflores
cence, it means a kind of panicle with a very loose
one-sided arrangement. Jncus effusus, s. 43.7.
Electuaries, a medicine of conserves and powders
# consistence
in
s. 7045.
of honey.
Prnus domstica,
Elephantiasis, a disease in which the limbs become

prodigiously swollen and finally fall off Smilax,
g. 2081. (note.)
-
Plaphoretic, promoting perspiration. Sambcus,

g.,680 (note.)
Dichotomous, (95) a stem that ramifies in pairs.
Phrynium dichtomum, s. 28.
Dicoccous, having two cocci. p. 78.
Didymous, two united. Priva mexicna, s. 8675.
Didynamous, (96) having two long stamens and two
short ones in the same flower, each pair being col
lateral. Stenochilus, g. 1333. p. 493.
relating to food or diet. Saccharum, g. 215.
note.
Difform, two forms; used to express irregularity.
":
Anacmpseros rotundifolia, s. 6629.
P# scattered, widely spread.
Vernica saxtilis,
s. *.
": such as may be spread.
Amygdalus, g.1128
note.
Digitated, (97) fingered, shaped like the hand spread

open.
Vernica digitta, s. 255.
Digitiform, formed like fingers. Mesembrynthemum
bium, s. 8970.
Plliptic-lanceolate, (108) a form between elliptical and
lanceolate. O'lea americana, s. 140.
-
Elongated, lengthened. Cnna giganta, s. 6.

Emarginate, (109) having a small notch in the end.
Cnna coccinea, s. 3.
Embossed, (110) projecting in the centre like the boss
or umbo of a round shield or target. Protea umbo
nlis, s. 1327.
-
Embracing, (13) a leaf is said to embrace a stem when

it clasps it round with its base. Slvia amplexi
catalis, s. 428.
Emetic, that which produces vomiting. Primula vul

gris, s. 2020.
Emmenagogue, any medicine that promotes menstru
ation. Ligsticum, g. 665. (note.)
Emollient, softening.
iumftta, g. 1087. (note.)
Emulsions, medicines made of bruised only seeds
and water. Amygdalus, g. 1128. (note.)
-
Ensate, or Ensiform, (111) shaped like a sword with a
incomptum, s. 7408.
*:::.
two styles or female organs.
s. 401.
Slvia crtica,
Diluent, somethin diluting, Melissa, g. 1278 (note.)
Dimidiate, (98) halved, divided into two parts. p. 895.

Diacious, when a plant bears female flowers on one
individual, and males on another, it is called dioe
cious.
Ellipsoid, (107) like an ellipsis. Nastrtium amphi
Valerina dioica, s. 544.
Discoid (99. When in Compsitae the florets are all

tubular, the head of flowers is said to be discoid. In
other cases, when the florets of the centre of a
head of flowers are more perfect than the rest,

they are called discoid. Finally, when any thin
is dilated into something which may be i
to a disk, the term discoid is also made use of.
Valerianella discoidea, s. 563.

Discus, or Disk, the fleshy annular process that sur
rounds the ovarium of many flowers: also the sur
face of a leaf; also the centre of a head of flowers
of Compsitae. Enplia, g. 504. p. 113.
Discutient, having the power to scatter the matter
of tumours. Artemisia, g. 1721. (note.)
Dissepiment, (100) the partitions by which a seed ves
sel is divided internally. Elytrria, g. 45. p. 9.
Distichous, (101) two-rowed: producing leaves or
flowers in two opposite rows. Schoenus, g. 119.
P. 31.
P'o". (102)
divided in twos or threes; a

stem continually dividing into double or treble ra
mifications. Trichodium caninum, s. 1001.
straight blade. Aloe cndicans, s. 4444.

Epidermis, the outer skin of the bark. La'irus,
g. 934. (note.)
Epiphyllous, (112) growing upon a leaf. Jungermannia
epiphylla, s. 15003.
-
Epiphytes, plants which grow upon other plants with

out deriving any nutriment from them. Catasetum,
g. 1889. (note.)
-
Equidistant, equally distant

p. 116.
F'ral,
s. 4392.
-- - -
having equal sides.
A loe reticulta,
Equitant, (113) a mode of vernation, or of arrangement

of leaves with respect to each other, in which the
sides or edges alternately overlap each other. Mo

rae'a iridioides, s. 827.
Erecto-patent, between erect and spreading. Dicr
num gladicum, s. 14715.
Eroded, (114) gnawed, bitten; a term used to express
a particular kind of irregular denticulation. Salvia
pinnta, s. 377.
Eroso-dentate, the toothing being eroded. Lycop
dium clavtum, s. 14632.
Errhine, promoting a discharge of mucus from the
nostrils. A'sarum, g. 1072. (note.)
Escharotic, having the power to scar or burn the
skin. Juniperus, g. 2113. (note.)
Esculent, good for food. Oxystlma esculntum,
-
ch 8
Q6
Egopdium, g. 652.
99
100
S44
.
---
101
102
10.5
10-
10%
106 107 108
109
11o
111
112
115
111
1099
GLOSSA R.Y.
Esessaries, arms of the sea, mouths of a river. Poly.
gonum amphibium, a 5568
Eriorated, whitened by being kept from air and light.
Triticum spelta, p. 70 (note.)
Eernescent, quickly vanishing. Heracleum, g. 672.
Flore horologicae, flowers which expand at particular

hours, whence they are a sort of timekeepers. Ana
gallis, g. 35", (note.)
Floral envelopes, the calyx, bractea, and corolla,which
inner parts of the flower are all so
:* ":
- i. 17.
*::::: unfolded.
Anellma, g. 89 (note.)
Ercavated, hollowed out. Borgo, g. 340, p. 109.
a roentrical, (115) flying off from the centre. Agricus
ulmrius, s. 15924.
herroriate, stri
of the bark or skin. Bromelia
Fartas, g. 726 (note.)
frcurrent, projecting or running beyond the edge or
Point of anything. Trtula subulata, s. 1475

arrectorant, anything that romotes the discharge
Acrotic, foreign. p. 1.
of mucus from the chest.

(note.)
mbacus nigra, p. 225.
Erserted, (116)
Fiocci, little tufts like wool. p. 983.
jecting beyond something else.
Jasminum revolatum, s. 179.
frsiccated, dried up. Papver, g. 1170. (note.)

arera-arillary, above or on the outside of the axils.
Mesembryanthemum, g. 1146 (note.)
frtra-foliaceous, away from the leaves, or inserted in
a different place from them. Echites bispinsa,
s. 2560.
calie
Florets, (126) little flowers; chiefly applied to those

which constitute what were formerly called com
pound flowers. Festica vivipara, s. 1093.
Floriferous, that which bears flowers. Clchicum,
g. 851. (note.)
Flosculous, compound flowers, consisting of many
tubulose monopetalous florets. Crduus, g. 1663.
p. 680,
Foliaceous, (127) having the form of leaves. Pinck
nya, g. 4. p. 113
Follicle,
a particular kind of seed-vessel. Hakea,
g. 24), p. 177.
(129) the stalks of either flowers or leaves.
Avena, g. 171. (note.)
Fornicate, (130) arched. Roscea, g. 7.
Fragmentary, composed of fragments.
ida mi
crophylla, s. 15440.
Fringed, (125) having a border like a fringe. Canna
''
f'.
'...'
glauca, s. 16
fruviae, whatever is cast off by plants or animals.

Cctus, g. 1111. (note.)
*::
the leaves of palms.
Sbal, g. 855 p.
Frontal, that which is in front.
Kaempfria rotnda,
*.
s, 67.
F.
Fercuta, the nutritious powder of wheat or of other

things. Codrium, g. 30. p. 8.
Fa/cate, or Falciforn, (117) bent like a sickle. Dacty
1octenium, g. 201: p. 33.
Fazcato-secund, bent on one side like a sickle. Dicr
num longifolium, s. 14717.
Falsely two-valved, having two valves which are not
of the same nature as other valves. Hakea, g 240.
, 77.
*. full of flour.
Triticum, g. 206 (note)

"ascicles, parcels or bundles. Marnta obliqua, s. 19.
Fasciculate, (118) arranged in bundles or parcels.
Asplathus, g. 1528 (note.)
Fastigiate, (119) tapering to a narrow point like a py
ramid. Salicrnia proc{\mbens, s. 118.
Fauces, (120) the jaws; the gaping part or orifice of
a monopetalous flower, Acacia, g. 2:27 (note.)
farose, (11) pitted or excavated like the cells of a ho
neycomb. Thrincia, g 1633. p. 661.
Frosted, (131) covered with glittering particles, as if

fine dew had been congealed upon it. Anoma
theca, g. 106.
##
Fructuication, all those parts composing the flower

and fruit of plants. Poa alpina, p. 67, note.)
Frutescent, or Fruticose, shrubby.
Piper, g. 77.
(note.)
Fugacious, that which lasts but for a short time.

triculria, g. 53 (note.)
Fulvous, tawny yellow or fox-colored. Sanseviera
fulvo cincta, a 4545.
Fungous, having the substance of fungi or mushrooms.

Cachrys, g. 677. p. 177.
Funicle, (132) the little stalk by which a seed is at
tached to the placenta. Cardmine, g. 1392, p. 536.
Furcate, forked. Aûga furcata, s. 8099.
Furfuraceous, scaly, mealy, scurfy. Agaricus granu
lsus, s. 15745
Fuscous, blackish-brown. Brnia ericoides, s. 3005.
Fusiform, (133) spindle-shaped. Selinum palustre,
s. 300:
Feathery, resembling a feather. Arundinaria, g. 219.

G.
35
r', efficacious in moderating fever,
Swietnia
febrifaga, s. 5867.
frculent, muddy, thick with sediment. Aloe, g. 770.
note.)
*'''",
the act of making fruitful. Jasione,

g. 547. (note.)
re-roces, (121) thickly set with spines, p. 443.
ferruginous, iron-colored, rusty. Sidritis, g. 1252.
(note.
*::. (122) covered with little strings or
fibres.
usu.
*:::: (123) being composed of fibres.
Scirpus mul
ticalis, s, 858
Fiddle-lipped, (124) having a lip resembling the figure
of a fiddle. Zingiber
s. 53.
Filiform, shaped like a thread. Mantista, g. 16, p. 1.
Fimbriate, (125) fringed. Eleusine, g. 200. p. 33.
Finger-parted, (97) divided into lobes having a fanciful

resemblance to the five fingers of a human hand.
Vernica vrna, s. 254.
Fistular, or Fistulous, hollow like a pipe. Monrda
media, s. 336.
Flaccid, feeble, weak. Cnna flccida, s. 15.
Fierile, capable of being bent in different directions,
pliable. Paullinia, g. 923. (note.)
Fieruose, having a bent or undulating direction. Al
pinia cardamomum, s. 48.
Fieruose-recurved, bent backward in a flexuose or
undulated manner. Dicranum crispum, *. 14723.
115
116
117
11s
119
Galeate, (134) helmeted; the upper lip of a ringent

corolla is the galea of that corolla. Tourettia,
g. 1299. p. 492.
Gelatine, jelly; a term of chemistry. p. 924.
Gelatinous, consisting of jelly. Chrysophyllum, g. 424.
(note.)
Geminate, doubled. Didymodon, g. 2230 (note.)

Gemmar, (135) leafy buds as distinguished from ala
bastra or flower buds. Bryum, g. 2240 (note.)
Geoponic, relating to agriculture. Columilia, g. 1785.
(note.)
Germ, or Germen, the old name of the ovarium.
Muscari, g. 821. (note.)
Germen inferior, (136) fruit below the flower. p. 1.
Germination, the first act of vegetation in a seed.
Triticum splta, p. 70. (note.)
Gibbous, protuberant. Marnta gibba, s. 23.
Glabrous, smooth. Asprula laevigta, s. 1641.
Gladiate, (111) shaped like a short straight sword.
Eryngium aquticum, s. 3495.
Glandular, having glands. Schwenckia, g. 42 p. 9.
Glaucescent, or Glaucine, having something of a
bluish hoary appearance. Mesembrynthemum
*
: s 7273.
Glaucous, having a decided hoary grey surface.

Canna glanca, s. 16.
Globose, or Globular, (136) round or spherical. Pin
guicula lusitanica. s. 322.
120
1zl
124
125
GLOSSARY.
1100
Glochidate, having hairs, the ends of which are

split and hooked back, so that the hook is double.
Thrincia hispida, s. 11175.
Glomerate, (137) gathered into a round heap or head.
Conyza glomerta, s. 11850.
Glottis, the throat. Accia, g. 2127. (note.)
Glumnaceous, plants are said to be glumaceous when
their flowers are like those of grasses. Cldium,
g. 74, p. 11.
Glume, (138) a part of the floral envelopes of a grass.
Anthoxnthum, g. 76 p. 11.
Gluten, a chemical principle. Triticum, g. 206.
(note.)
Glutinous, adhesive. Slvia glutinsa, s 398.
Grained, (139) the segments of the flowers of Rumex
have tubercles which are called grains. Rmex
patintia, s. 4997.
formed like grains of corn. Mesembry
anthemum parviflium, s. 7441.
Granular, covered as if with grains. Glium Angli
cum, s. 1616.
Gregarious, herding together. Agricus fsipes,
6:
s. 15857.
Grooved, furrowed, channelled, marked with grooves.

Cancalis, g. 626. p. 115.
Grumous, clubbed, knotted, contracted at intervals
into knots. Aconitum napilus, g. 1205 (note.)
Gynandrous, (140) having the stamens and style com
bined in one body. O'rchis, g. 1859.
turned round like a crook. Urdo gyrsa,
6:
s. 16640.
Husks, the dry envelopes of either flowers or fruits.

Sporbolus, g. 159. (note.)
Hyaline, crystalline, transparent.
Diatma, g- >60.
924.
p.
mule; partaking of the nature of two species.
H',
Syringa chinnsis 3 rothomagnsis, s. 161.
Hydragogue, that which removes dropsy. Euphrbia,

g. 1103 (note.)
-
Hygrometrical, indicating the approach of moisture.

Avna strilis, p. 60. (note.)
Hypercatharsis, a medicine that produces too power
ful effects as a purgative. Vertrum, g. 21-8.
(note.)
-
Hypocrateriform, salver-shaped. Galipa, g. 41. p *
(147) situated below the ovarium.

rria, g. 234, p. 77.
###".
(148) under the leaf
Ser
Erineum griseum,
s. 16592.
I.
Iced, (131) covered with particles like icicles. Me

sembrynthemum pisiforme, s. 7210. , ,
Ice-drops, transparent processes resembling icicles.
Mesembrynthemum glacile, s. 7377. .
Imbricate, (149) laid one over another like tiles.
-
Marnta obliqua, s. 19.
*--"
- -
Incised, (150) cut, separated by incisions. Vernica

austriaca, s. 239.
Incrassated, (151) becoming thicker by degrees Te

traphis Brownina, s. 14682.
Incurved, bending inward. Roscea, g. 7... p. 1.
H.
Habit, features or general appearance of a plant.

Dicliptera, g. 48, p. 9.
copious bleeding.
*:".
Accia, g. 2127.
note.
Haemorrhoid, a kind of disease. Ornithogalum,

g. 802. (note.)
Hastate, (141) formed like the head of a halbert.
Slvia canarinsis, s. 372.
Hastato-lanceolate, between halbert shaped and lan
Incurve-recurved, bending inwards and then back

wards. Mesembrynthemum lineolatum, s.73%
Indehiscent, not dehiscing. Nslia, g. 14:6. p 537.
Indigenous, native of a country. Crcus, g.9%
(note.)
Indurated, hardened. Milium, g. 141. p. 32.

Indusium, (152) the membrane that enclosesthethecae
of ferns.
Polybtrya, g. 2168, p. 876.
Inflated, blown up. Amomum sylvstre, s. 78.

Inflered, bending inward. Dicliptera, g. 48, p. 9.
Inflorescence, disposition of flowers. Chlorinth",
ceolate. Dicrnum vrium, s. 14728.

Hastato-sagittate, between haibert haped and arrow
shaped. A rum macultum, s. 13472.
Infundibuliform, funnel-shaped. Tritnia fenestrata,
Dioscrea, g. 2085.
Innocuous, harmless. Gomphocrpus, g. 587, p. 115.

Inspissated, thickened; spoken of sap or other liquor.
#,
dead stems
(note.
of herbs.
Helmet, (134) the same as Galea ; see Galeate.

Monrda, g. 60. p. 10.
Herbaceous, a plant the stem of which perishes an

nually. Marnta arundincea, s. 18.
Hermaphrodite, consisting of two sexes. Hippris,
g. 23. (note.)
Heragonal, six-sided. I'ris ochroleica, s. 782.
Herandrous, (142) having six stamens. Gardnia
hexandra, s. 3834.
Herangular, six-angled. I'ris graminea, s. 795.

":", having six petals. Furcra'a cubnsis,
8.
*.
Hilum, (143) the scar or mark on a seed which indi
cates the place by which it adhered to the placenta.

Achras, g. 427, p. 111.
Hirsute, rough with soft hairs. Pnicum miliceum,
s, 948.
rough with stiff hairs. Justicia ciliris,

":
s. 288.
*: covered with white down. Olea oleister,
*... loo.
Homogeneous, having a uniform nature, or principle,

or composition. Draparnldia tenuis, s. 15105.
Honey-pore, (144) the pore in flowers which secretes
honey. Geissorhiza rochnsis, s. 646.
Honey-scales, (145) the scales in flowers which se
crete honey, Cotyldon, g. 1060, p. 341.

Honey-spots, the spots in flowers which secrete honey.
g. 25 (note.)
- -
s. 672.
A tropa, g. 446. (note.)
Intenerating, having the power of making tender or

softening Crica, g. 2095 (note.) .
Internodes, the space between the joints of plants.
Bambsa, g. 752. (note.)
Interpetiolar, between the petioles or leafstalks.

Microlma, g. 578. (note.)
Interstices, spaces between one thing and another

Pimpinlla, g. 635, p. 116.
* -- *
Intramarginal, within the margin. Listra, g. 1876.

. 749.
1: inverted.
Sntalum, g. 307, p. 79 ...

Involucels, (153) the partial involucra of umbelliferous
plants. Cacalis platycrpos, s. 3528,
Involucral, having an involucre. Ammbium, g. 168l.
(note.
1:
covered with an involucre. Penicillria,

g. 148. p. 32.
Involucre, or Involucrum, (154) the bracter which
surround the flowers of Umbellifera in a whorl
Caticalis platycrpos, s. 35.8.
-
Involute, rolled inwards. Moraea, g. 116 p. 31.

J.
Joints, the places at which the pieces of the stem are

articulated with each other. Boerhaavia erecta,
s. 105.
Rota, g: 8 p. 339
Juliform, (155) formed like an amentum or
Hooded, (130) being curved or hollowed at the end into
Bryum iulceum, s. 14816.
the form of a hood. Hippocrata, g. 83. p. 30.
catkin.
Horn, (146) any long subulate process in a flower is

called a horn. Zingiber, g. 10. p. 1.
13)
CLOSSJET.
4|l44<*
.
KWorm, formed like Silsob . .
GLOSSARY.
Lubricte,
to make
slipperSa
Lucid,
bright,
shining.
Lunate,
or
Lunulate,
(16
Ccstrum
auriculatum,
Lurid,
a color
between |.
>'
lnda,
.
tiS8.
L.ymphatic,
or belonginj
Lyrate,
(16)oflyrc-shaped.
14..,
fear > 1|-._..- . v. Labelturn, (l'ifi) the front segment of an orchideous
M
or othersegments
flower. ofIonpsis,
g. 1919.
p. 750.cycloslis, Macerate, to decompose by
i
ram i *n*" iMnie,
any
thing.
Faruielia
liquid.
Mentha,
g.
L&i.
i. 155X1. cut or divided into segments. Phlmis Marginal, relating to the
Laciniate,
p 1.
'FtlrqwMtanVfamitftaB *
grinding or i
aid puu
Lactescent, yielding milkv jince. Madura aurantiaca, Mir.sliraiury,
Hmpine*iuL
g. r>35. for
mote.;
Math,
an
old
1,
little
pits
or
depressions,
p.
948.
(note) a placeterm
I-una,...-, covered with little pits or depressions. Mairie,
whereg. an>
Helvlla
crispa,
s.
1620.
(onned.
C'lothrx,
Lateigated, smoothed.
Medulla, therelating
pith of toa plant.
(157) divided(Enotln'ra
by platos glai'ira,
internally.s.. 5459.
Musa, Medullary,
the |
^ '-* "|-"- ***** US****! Lamelluted,
g. "SI. (note.)
g.
8184
(note)
Lamina,
literally
a
plate
;
it
is
mostly
applied
to
the
Melastomaeeaus,
partaking
leaf ofp.a807.
plant(note.)
considered without u* petiole. U>'ta anco of 4 .-.
p. 3W(
dels.
Melliferous, honey.Ikmring.
Lanceolate,
(15b) lance or spear shaped. Catus, Membranaceous,
or
Membran
g. . p. 1.
of a membrane.
Chionlntai
Lancenlatn-sufuitate,
!>etivecn lariccol.ile and subulate. Menstruum,
a liquor
SphiiRiium
cuepiditum.
s. 1465nutans,
i. s. 43.
cuIih, g.the1233.
(note.)used
Lateral,
DO
one
side
Alplnia
Meshes,
openings
in a.
/*,
lone,(Ufr)nutsmall
compact
ZUig'dior
"-,
s. 59.Co. g IMtO. p. 9*5.
Leaflets,
part!
of compound
leaves.
Micacious,
glittering,
thinin
dnuin
acutiflium,
s.
133
(note.) the large vein wl
Legume,
Legumen,
(R0) a pod ; the
of legu Midr
minousorplants
jr. 95*fruit
(note,)
tioleb,to(lift)
the . - \ ofresemblirt
a leaf.
Leguminous,
plants(Joinpholbiurn,
which bear legumes,
such
as the Miliary,
pea, the bean,
the kidneybean.
8.
mdica,granulate
p.(171)
655.formed
(note.1 liken
Lenticular,
shaped
like a lens. p. Kvllinga,
g. 129. Mitriform,
, g.- ^33.
* Mobility, the power of mot;
Lentifarm, in form like a lens. Rivlna,
(note.)
P 78 covered with spots or scales. Rhododen Monaiielphom,
having th
Leprous,
a
in- I (173)
i(172)
monadlpha,
dron
ferrugincum,
s.
59*.'3.
having
Jd,(16l) the calyx which falls offfrom the flower iti Mo'tanilrous,
A 'plumes, formed
15J9. like a oik
a tingle(lflsi
piece.the membrane
Eucalyptus,atg.the113&
|i.of 409.
Moiiit'/',
ne
Lgula,
top
the
petiole
with
alternate
towellingsample
rcec
ofKrasses
and other plant*. Zingiber pandurtum, tractions Hetb'iphila
s.
SI.
Monocotyledons,
onesex
set
IJgntate, having
I.lf^ trap.shaped.
slnicum, sErica
54 Moantcivus,
havinghaving
theSchce'nus
one
Ltntbatf,
colored orAneilima
dilated surface.
other in another.
oppotitif.'.lia,
s. a52ii5
, having
one
petal
Linear,
when the
two sides are parallel. Canna, Monoscftalous,
having g.one730.sepp,
calyx, l'oiitedria,
i.inriir-eniate.loot sword-nhapcd. Marica caliturn u a, Moritont,
that
which
tissue them.
to n-ceive
dvesenable*
or coli
liiieui/omi, or Lingiilate, (lf!4) tongue-shaped. Ha;- retain
p. with
1064.
manthus
cocclneue,
s.
4H9.
Mottled,
niarkid
blotches
y^fgd,
[1561
having
a
distinct
Lip
or
labellum.
intensif)
passing
insensibly
ini.
Rosciiea, g having
7 p. i.the power of breaking the stone Iii'r-ica, i. II
UthvntTiiittc,
Mucilage,
a
turbid
slimy
fluid.
in
the
bladder,
p.
1075,
harr,
lAbrtcts, (bi5 small loin s. Geranium sangulneiim, Mucronate,
termdiura,(17*)
s. i.T.pointed
s
SKV4.
MueroRulate,
having
a
little
h
Ischial, relating to the natural discharges conee. integrifxlia, . 14.t9.
quent uponmotion
childbirth.
g. 19J4Mimosa,
(note.) Mulch, a gardener's term for
I.KmolioH,
fromAristolchia,
place to place.
about theRosa,
rootsg. of11+8.trees(note.)
on
g 94, (note.)
ground.
MCulamcnli,
partitions or cells of a seed vessel. Multifarious,
very
numerous
; oi
(
ysto-ira,
g.
8389.
p.
.
rows.
A'loe
rgida,
s.
4387.
a[a),fruitbilocular
is calledif unilocular
if ittrilocular
contains MuJtiparlite, much divided. Ftcr
-7 ^ tdiietoito, f^*':' Lurtdar,
but
one(Ifit^
cell and
much multiplied,
if three
ic),
so ofon.legume
Fdia,two
g.celts
72. inp.(A),pieces
1 1. when Multiplex,
i. 8657. covered
Lament,
{167")
a
kind
tailing
i iV^lse
îptr'w'j
antas, s .j/KWB*
short shu
ripe. Mullera,bearing
g. 1567. pcricarpia,
p. 597 called loinenta. Muricated,
ser, M f(Vpe
,o *>smArt
murictum,
s. covered
949.with with
Lomcntaceout,
Muricato-hispid,
sho
brucria, g. 144. p S39.
rigid hairs or bristles. Bryonia
shapeds. 40fi2
like a thong
":,tium)
littorale,
*1 H .-'-77- f *
- * al
GLOSSARY.
Natadei, nymphs of the springs and fountains; a
particularorder
Monocotyledonoui
plants, g.p. 772,
Narcotic,
producingof sleep
or torpor. Brmua,
181.
(note.)
Navicular,
32.
Neck, the (175)
upperboet-ehaped
tapering end Airpsii,
of bulb* g.is lO.
calledp. the
neck.
Crinum
eumatrinum,
s.
4IS4.
Nectariferous,
bearing honey.
p.of115.a
Nectary,
or Nectarium,
{144, Swrtia,
145.)Alpinia
thatg. 599.
part
flower which
produces honey.
Allghas.
Nervei, the strong veins upon leaves or flowers.
Canna rubricaIis,
Nervimotion,
the powers. 11.
ofmotion in leaves. Mimosa,
g. 2124.or(nota)
Nervate,
Nervine, composed of nerves. Ernthemum pulchllum,
Neuter,
neither males. SIS.
or female. Anthoxnthum,
itfSil'nitling; lying among any thing as a bird
in its net. Sam^g^^m^ % ^
Wdui, the net of any thing
(note) (177) having a drooping position. Veronica
i.
lo*,
articulationswith
. I";
one (178)
jointtheis articulated
another,"~ porocnnu.
llsus,having
..1S333.
itta
Nixfbaf,
many nodi or knots, roa scrouna,
Aba-ito,' imall hard knota. Ischâium aristtum,
^, having the flower notched at the
margin. Veronica
cremilSta,uta.s. 18J.Boma., g. 144*.
Xk^,
producing
Jvfcu, the kernel. Myrica Fayo, . 1336a
cylindrical figure.
IM"
OmlaJelloid,
triangularly
41*4 -J"uU
<^3.to.n>undlyeggJh4-i. *-*
ticum, s. 14660.
nf mie thine"!10
es* arissiftiB.
i.We.dMlthe^.f.nn-
Karata., .4114. (MJ.
idrf B n
ruliiiattd, or ^^ Si)
,
uscfUl for making Drew,
?.
(note.)
- i in! P p
Slex,
pro'iliu-ii
l g "1" ,
*,
< w
.
Pappiu,
(89J
ofof fc"
them>pifruit|
~.
I IM) the
the crown
croolentrAnlhuj,
. tu. ,p. I|
and similarplants.
Papulose,
producing \\
glandi likepimple.
Msembryinthfmum luirvifJium, 1 7+42
Parenchyma, all the parti ofplanti which rentalof
cellularbeingattached
tiMiie only. Solorfnu,
g. Sil.ofp. PK
Parietal,
to the side*
insteatprcaii
of iu axis.
a 1. uPatent,
out orGlboa,
expandedg. 15.Lycop-jttuo
Patentt-reftexed, spread out and turnedtuet Cum
Patulous,
slightly
spreading. tebjl-ma.
nauciflra,
J3W9.
Pectinate, (190) resembling the teeth of a rtwk
Vernicaniatmg
orientlU,
1.bnasL
237. thelaU-Mlone*of-h'1
Pectoral,
tothe
Tripa, tS
Pcdatifid,(191)cut
intolobe,
do not radiate fbm the petiole like theret.
~~.Jate,
slightlys. ou9.
stalked, itrura ^,
peilatitida,
Wl^^b52bd.
rS*
^.2475.
^ small^ ,'om-t.ilk
^.lkl of tlowrn.
Pedicels,
Cba>
Peifiiucle, tne
,
06term.,
I. u.edto inindicate
the composition
that a thingof inverted ; for m.
tance, obovatc i. inversely ovate, obcordate inversely cordate,
on. west. Alp.nia
.wi. occiden
ncciden,
eomingand
fromno the
o^JfhTlllg the color of clay or yellow ochre.
OscilUtria (179)
ochrcea,
Ortntro.,
havinga 15118.
eight .tarnen.. Klvlna
octindra,..(180)
1511 having
. eight .tjles. Phytolacca
,
Ph>toiacc.
octandra, s. 6572.
o'any
Sg that!., or ha, been, used in the
<*
tU eatable. fUnunculus, g. 1233.
OUmSwt,
havingcovered
the qualitiesa oflid."Uvea.
Owrcular.
(Kil)
/4.p. 924.of, a
0^,,
having thewithfigure
andp. po.it.on
round lid of omething. Operculars, g. 2jU. p. 100
^^viiig'^'VerTf opium. Dictamnus,
0,e6Srrr0în,,.plane.urfaccircnmacrbed
lj-Jg
.,1*
having
M
|
oriyi-WK.Ti'
,"g.r5~"S
. - <'?,
h
by a circle.
1397.to the
p. 586.natural,_.,
Penacyaow.
oSmma,
of Farstia,
or belonging
order of ^>
65
abyalnica, tt- "*
uaeal.
Orrhldec
p.
748.
OrMc,
an
opening.
Schwnkia,
g.
42.
p.
9.
gn.l,fl
..,
'
*rhaig 6" ' "
oJjJU-i,
become
like
bone.
,t
1951P.
'
Ooa.
egg. the
of anyfigure
thing.
S tnote.)
.the
having
of anPalm,
ellipse.lia, g.Corapinnum,
Om%J;
0r, seeds
(176) the
part ofth.flota
which theor young
are contained.
Hasmouorum,
g.
111.
p.
31.
ei.
Marnta
Tochat,
s. 22.
Owtc,
(181)
egg-shaped,
517!
Ouata-acuminatc,
(lfW)')i, egg-shaped,
> I 13080. and tapering to a tingo
point. Crex ovlis,
187
1S8
18
130
GLOSSARY.
Vh.r
.eavesof the
winchthecain
the ofV1,'
the etalk
u.apertures
e(ijiie. ,
,
theg. 1133.
cuticle
through g.which
transpiration
takesin place.
Lasiopthalum,
523.
p.
.
Porrect,
extended
forward.
Bauhinia
aurita,
s.
5768.
Pouchy
a little sack
or bog g.at 1860.
the base of ptala
and spale.
Nightlla,
,
the
first generic
name ofname.
several; Crcus,
in plantsg.it93.is
the
same
as
the
(note.) p.ripe
ttnkmL having a<t passage through which anything Precocity,
reum,
3237.before
(note.)the usual time. Di|l>ne Meiel'errious,
can be transmittedTPrfmuia,
g. 350. p. 110.p. 241. Prismatic,
formed as a prism. Polycnemum arvense,
'staloid,
likedivisions
a petal.
Damasonium,
s. 599. protrusions
0^"710\"
^|- ofthe
85
'etals. (194)
cornil g.p 853.
Processes,
either natural or monstrous.
*&t
d!vl8loPs
ofDama*finium,
the corolla,
1 .*
Orthotrichum,
g
2233.
p.to896.be proliferous when it
Hrfo fO0taUu of leaT- us heterophya, Proliferous,
said
..
' a Fplant
. 11 18is 8310
10 be proliferoui
forms
young
plants
in
hunfi
* its routs.
as-Tatfrj?
abundsrtce
VWo/ufc... little--'-' - like
a
r
Sai' f * -race.
,ajuip in figure, foj
"> etinging. p. 1061.
jawing
of the *SZ3Zb
1,^,'5*??*?i
i apPl,ed to *.
Ahem"
^
âSVeT^S^'^
cbscly pressed to "e
the surface.
^tS
^'bUd^ ^rva patens, prolifre
.2177.
(note.)
tato.
having a cap
cao or lu like
iiv. the cap
_. of a vint^
1*2. cus,llon-"haP^ Grtmmto piuVote, (199)
vinta, 's.*little
14690.
mushroom.
Ciiscuta
chilnsis,lidp. s.978,
J .
Putvinuli,
cushions, p. 948.
leus,
the
cap
ofa
mushroom,
^ f0rmed Hke PinU- punetft.,
'ierous,
bearing
hairs.
Splienogyne
dentta,
lVorm,
1258.formed like down or hairs. Grimmia pul- ^SSSkSiiTf w PrickinB- Cori^nnum Re.
...i.i,slightly
s. 14690.
ose,
hairy.withMonfirda
s. 363.
nftted, covered
minutes. Kalmina,
pustules
resembling
>imples.
Saxfraga
ligulta,
6051.
^5u'ftPlee 0
Wieter' B^vigia R.
iw,
nr Pinnule:,
Calceolaria
pinnta,thes.segments
315. of a pinnated leaf.
\natf,
0
a
leaf
is
so
called
when
it
is
divided
>tn
numerouss. smaller
leaves or leaflets. Codirium
cutinSlium,
MS,
Q.
nntifid,
(201)
a
leaf
Is
to
called
whento ittheis midrib,
divided
ito lobes from
the margin
nearly
(^,. fUr.,g|ed.
four-angled. Doto HoU!t6,
entranlhus
calcltrpa,
s.
112.
""i'"'/,
sharpness, pungency. Spilnthes, g. 1695.
ote.) formed
form,
like
I^gtta, bodysituate
g. 09. p. 300.in
,
or Putii,
(202)peas.
the columnar
eIts,centreof
a
flower,
consisting
commonly
of three
viz. the ovarium, style, and stigma. Knppia
144. p.(203)
32. hollow leaves so called. Nepenthes
Sers,
try, lucceeding bv fourm. n. 7fi
'tillatona, %. I4U77.
pinnte Iwing
";ica f- 1. (note)
-
', dw-haîn mum. p
.
(tvlwurfJ
,,,J. S_5. "'"'Ts.
V,'-T* sos
*f* (2i, divide
dividBl '"to
,e time, multiplied. Ephedra, g. 1
ISIS) * particular arrangement of fiowera.
g. . p. i""* ". CentrSn- Sacrme,
2?^? a7- "1ra,,|"d "round , filiform3
'''''|,|"".. p. 1053.
"^ "mg In Vernica Barrelin,
,h...ofJ
culm
which
run,
up<
> .,.. 8 0 """"" 1 >- *.'M2!
i corn,
vuiiii
wnicn. run.
through the.
....lafand
all
e,plaitt.
corn
the part
thatbear,
theearflower,
other-consequently
r&iPa^^',f . 11,. hen MX.
'"
PtUpalum,
Mphnrfitc. Kh!he"rJmlc, nd her. /, p.or .>!./torfrfr, (215) a flower is .aid to ta radiant
! clu'tero'
h"long" oreu,
thSe of and
the
arcnmfrence
or rayare
and .prend!
137
WU1
1104
GLOSSARY.
tura, . /.producing rooU from

,. ine
,. tem. Rafia
nia. 8-nxldiell
,i X rati.
. Ci
Cw
Radica*!,
Rajout,
rddijh orang^colored.
caSmi.!efc0mi>0undflowe". Solidago ~^7
*ered. RhodomcU ycop0<UoE iSff "e 0"
(226) booked back, applied to thetoo^
"w?fwoi*M2]8)covedwX
w*,.. Runcinato-aentate,
Heepens hooked
runcinta,back.
9161.toothed. e>frag.fera, . eW
lUl aaieBt*
Hanujicattotu,
i, Era.
^ Rnners,
* tarxaci, procumbent
. III. shoots which root illte
gr.ntie piluea,subdivision
i. 1207 ofroot* rh,
Manche.
-, branchy. Vlex, g 31z . ,
extremity. [{' , t S.
Ramuli, twigs or 11 brauchet. Draparnlda,
g. 2284.in p.seeds
923. this is the channel of vasele which Saccate, ; having a bag or pouch ; muy
Raphe,
connects
theit chalaza
with the bilum ; in umlwlhfe- Sagittate,
petis. (227)
Caltropu,
g. 584 p.arrow-head.
IIa. DotoVm
shapedlikeau
rous
plante
the Iincofjunctionofthetwo
of
which theirisfruit
is composed. Bubon, g.halves
640. sagittate,
i**f>
rp.
116.
anflia,
s.
15=8.
"anfoia',
a.
l8:
Rationale, the reason of a thing. Solanum, g 451. Salivation,
of saliva r,
mm*the eland*
s ^
SaiitxT/ion,
-a discharge
(note.)
the
mouth.
Plumb.igi.,
g
J**^,
.
the
mouth
Receptacle,
(219)other
thatparte.
part ofPollichia,
the fructification
which
Samara,
(2*1
n kind owinged
*"?
'lhe[m
pt.
supports
the
g.
21.
p.
1.
as
what
the
English
call
key.
^
:
^
Reeesset, the bays or sinuses of lobed learca. Sisym- Sapid, agreeable to the palate. "u
brium obtusngulum,
s. 9169. Tecrium asiticum, Saponaceous,
-In*, . 866. p. W*
(note.) soapy. '\
Rectangular,
right-angled
^:l---:::':,ieemiV0\m^^PÎ^%t
Sarmentse,
(229) producing
Echitee
biflra,
s.
2S5j.
Rectilinear,
right-lined. A'nthemis,
BmbftX erinthos,
. 9942. &UVH1, resembling the teeth l
Rectum,
anbent
intestine.
g. g.1778.[QL (note.)
Scaorcw,
with little asperities. Salvia runtcmbcus,rough
s. 183
Recurved,
backward.
Zingiber,
p.
L
Recurvo-patent, bent back and spreading. Grimmia
Scales,
any
small processes ?minutekWi
mita,
i.
45a.
apocarpa,bent. backward,
146X7.
Rejlexed,
Canna
giganta,
s.are6. bent also the leaves of the involucrum of (np*
Refiexed
recesses,
-hilos
of leaves
which
Pollichia, g.i.p.l.
an/
./^".._
Scande/,
Piper,V^mth*n
g 11.the(note.)
backward
from
the
ordinary
direction
of
the
I* p. (WW
coolness. Oxlis, g.surface
J063. ,
a stem rising
from
root jad..bei,_.
of a leaf.
165.
Scandent,(1)climbing
flimping.
'< ; *Klnef'8haPediwn , , I^cptiitlius
, ,
nothingbut
flowers,membranous
Maranta com*a,
'n 7M
reni. Scariose,
or Scarious,
anddry.s. I
* . .
, i undulated and Schistous,
tenuiflia,rocky,
s. ISIS.formed of the rock called *
'/,
frmis,]
. 756.a leaf having a margin undulated
Olea, shoot
g. 32. intended
(note.) fora graft Caradas,
,, . >
Il7
Rpand,
Eton,
unequally dilated is aaid to tie rpand. Ernthe- Scion,
mutn bicolor, s. 313.
(note.',cinders, l
-j toothed.
.... ..1..,.i Doronicum .
Repando-dentate,
repand and
rittie pits <
Panialinches,
a. 12189.
Repellante
that which
turns you away from any thing. tennina,
^double
Mg. *
A trope, g. 44<i. back
(note.)
Replicate,
(note.)
Resolutive,folded
or Resolvulive,Cyclopia,
having g.the9(6.jwer
to dis
solve. Argemne,
g. 1172.ofdissolving.
(note.)
Res'tlvent,
having the power
Curcuma,
g. 14 (note)astringent. Berbers, g. 829. (notai
Rentringent,
fesnpinate, inverted in position, so that that which
was in front becomes at back. Hedy'chiuin, g. 6.
n. L
Returulated,
resembling a net Hkea undulta, Segments,
Scabies. '
Senti-, half-pa:
s. I4A5.(222)abruptlyblunt. Hedy'chiuin flvum, a. 36. S/', bclongmg to the leei
Refuse,
Hrvotutc, rolled
specinsa,
toliwW.
f""'''bellt Ol I "
Rhomboidal,
(225)back.
like aCnna
rhombus.
Salviae 13.mexicana, WJ
(SiitbeMgmei.tso
^,
s. 385.
Rhomboid-ovate,
rhomboidally egg.shaped. Chenoatriplicis,
. 34K.
Rib,podium
(170) the
projecting
vein of any thing. Curcuma
rubscens,
.
83.
Rigid,
stiff:
Ntete'*
rgida,
157.
Ringent,
gaping.
Justicia,s.rescmbl
g. 47 .
Ringing, 223)
making
an incision
round
a
branch.
Liriodndron,
g. 121 ....
Rotate,
(224)
a
monopetalnus
corolla,
which is flat and the tube very short,is called
rotate
Valerianate discoidea,
5f3.
Rotundo-ovate,
roundly s.egg-shaped.
Crex filva, Srfei",rernbl.r,ga
s. 13123.
raises slight cutaneous inflammation. . **7J()L
g. lia. filote.)
GLOSSARY.
_-,.
WWrf 1991
OQ^ a., limad.....
t -- SSI.
-ol
Shield,
table-like
procesaclavigera,
introtea,
the flower
Slap.'lia
and
lU
allies.
Hurnia
. 3361,of
s. ., , having die power of melting -saliva.
'"""'""A "citing. Cl
Siicttid,
matedp. 637.
or mixed
with flint. Astragalus
tragacntha,
(note.)
Siliceous,(235]Unify.
Lai-round
imnainmum,
g. "04. (note.)
Silkle,
the small
pod of Crucifera?.
Lu.
nria,
g.
13R&
p
536.
Silique, li'.^T the long taper pod of Crucifera;. Mca,
g.
il'..
Simple, the
reverse of237]compound
1. out. Lyc- </,
"I cort.in I,,,,,.,,
Sinuate,
or Sinuase,
bending mp- and
pus
/,
f.
4.
dollgu, . .
Smuato-dcntate,
and toothed Leontodn ',
i utthe-. bays
i. i '. ; linute
v.or recesses
root hoot.
Sums,
formed by the
lobes
of1814.
leaves or other
bodies. Hamamelis
virginica,
Sobottferous, (238) producing young plants from the
layers, bed,, c.oiri
root. Asoaked,
loe brcvis,Prtea,
s. 4415.g. 231. (note.)
Saddened,
Somniferous,
causing
sleep.Hmulu*,
Primulag.vris,
s.(note.)
2022.
Sopor,
causing
sleep.
2074.
yic, (] bearing
Homulua,
. 2022.
Soredherous,
aoredia.veris,Ilamalina,
slri
g. 2355.
p.the949.patches of fructification on the back of
s. 16. havi"8
Sort,
(158)
Strophioiate,
surrounded by j
the rrouds
25.
Spadis,
(240)ot aferns,
spikep. protracted
from a spatha Struma,
g. 1536.a p.wenseaor protuberanr
Zostra,a broad
g. 24 sheathing
p. I. leaf enclosing flowers ar Strnmoee.
or Slrumout,
cover
Spat/ia,
sembrvînthemum
ranged
upon
a
spadix.
Hedyrhium
spie
ituin,
s.34.
(250)and
thestigma,
stalkgroatum,
which
i
Spatbaceous,(841)
furnished
withlikea spatha
p a1 knife so Style,
ovarium
bearing
Spatbu/atc,
shaped
a
spatula,
Styptic,
having
the
power
to
i
called.
Carina
gigante
s
t.
Sphacelate, withered or dead. Senecio ssgfptiua, Sub,g. 1,
(note.) signifies i
in
composition,
.
1191L
what
Sphtrrical,
round like sphere. Alpinia nutans, SuiccdancHm,
s. +3. almost
Alpinialatispinus,
nutans, g. 75. (note.)coming in the pl.i
Spheroidal,
like
a
sphere.
Cactus
Spheroidal
1*
and filled with
s. 52. (242) minute spheres. Stromatosph'ria Succulent
(note ) fleshy
Spherules,
Sudorific,
havingg.the62. power
concntrica,
>. 16360.
atinn. SAIvia,
Spite,
(2141 flowers
sessile upon a long rachie. Ma- Su'rtirse,
shrubby
In (note.]
a slight
rnu
latan,
s.
20.
suffruticsa,
s.
1656
Spina,
indurated
branches
processes
formed of Su/cate, furrowed. Vibrgla, g.
woodythem.
fibre, anil
not railingg.oroft
floating
the st
bears
AOctttrun,
68.Mcscmbryanthcmum
p.from10. the part that Supernatant,
Spini/,
formed
like
a
spine.
A loe, g. to770.generate
(note.)oumatter.
Suppurate,
spiniforme,
s 7363. Alpinia p.'mua, s. 44.
.i-ihuui,
full
ofspines.
Supra-decompound,
doubly
cor
Spinulescent,
having tendencyMiinulifirum,
to produce.7421
small Surculi,
ijrhreua,
s. shoots.
868. Erythrn
young
spines.
Mescmlirv/nitliemum
Sttnu/ase,
with small spines. Hhi'um Rlbes, Suture, the line formed by the eo
a. 5fci7.(253)covered
Mirbrlia, g.(251)
>67. belonging
p. 338 to t
Spiral,
Involved Coatua
apirillt,
Sportjcs,
thatcircularly
part in Cryptogamous
plant,
whichs.65.
an- Syneenesious,
ofthe
sexual
system.
Phlox, g
iwer* to the ljearing
seeds ofother
p. 874.irnpudlcus, Synthetical,
combining
; opposed
spasfflfliiiu,
^'"k4,plants,l',,allUli
lnia,
g.
1142.
[note
)
Syphilitic,
in the cure of i
S/mriouj, counterfeit. 1 ris mtiria, s 791.
dium, g. useful
611. (note.)
(MS)
long
processes
resembling
horns
produced
by various parts
of the flower.
Curcuma,
g.p14.7.p. 1.
Snuamiform,
cales.
Sntalurn,
g 307.angles,
Squarrote,
,244like
spreading
rigidlyomm.sum,
at right
in
a
greater
degree.
Zingilter
s. 6u. or
'he long featherychinens
or hai
Squtnnncy.nn Inflammation in the thro.it Asprula,
certau, jriJltt
TaJtJ4*\
root cimatia
which pene raS
g. 268. (note.)
'"4SI .i.
*f
-âa.camû,-,.^ Ta^> -W*J of tartar. ]
^P^g^ ^Siffla:
GLOSSARY.
1106
Tenesmus, & disposition to go to stool, without the Tuberous, () bearing wild fleshyroundish nulilt
powerlukewarm.
of evacuation.
A'nthemis,
the puiato.
s. 1 g. Itjoetft)
7V/itf,
A'iitheims,
g. 1/78.g. 17/8.
note.)(note.) TuJters,
roots soCanna
cnllocl.epulis,
Curcima,
Tetthinthinatc, consisting of tur]ieutine. A bies bal- Tumid, swelling. Scale orientale, i. lb".
siiitM, . h05. (note.)
Tunk,
Tunic, coat.
*. Cri
ilium Pmim, *
Tere/t; taper, round and lona. Hkca oblfqua, s. 1423. Tittticated, b
Tenninat, ending, or at the top. Marnta ltea,
Ternary,
ofthrees.
Valcrina,
g. 78. (note.)
i. sa consisting
Tmate,
i54) growing
together
in threes.
Hedy!
chium eltum,
s. 31. by squares. Sarcocphalus, Umbellules, (153) division* of an umbel. (Virale
Tessellated,
variegated
g. 48.thep. skin
or integument of the seed. Psidium, UmArs,
Testa,
(154)i.the
daucofdes,
3oi4.round tuft of flowrra produicd bj
the carrot,()
c. theBoerhavia
Testaceous,
g. 1118. p.having
409. a pale brown color. Mcsembryin- Umbilicus,
cord whichscamJni,
attache f.theJf*seed te
theinum testeeum,
7430. that ramifies in fours. Umbonate,
the receptacle.
Brbcris,tuping.
p. S.litethatof
Tetracholomous,
(255) e.a stem
;7) havmga
thecentre
the ancientdestitute
shield ofCucrbita
Melojjw,
* I1r;
Kuphrbia, (250)
g. hiving
(note.)
Tctrandrou!.,
four stamens. Collinsnia Unarmed,
prickles or ijmie*, which
the
anas
of
plants.
Corisprmum
anista,
s.
I
''.
Tetrapctatous,
{'256} having
having four sepals,
petals, p.p 1069.
Tetiasipaious,
106R from Uncinate,
hooked. Piperadincum, .
s. 124. (2i8)
Thalamus,
{2^0}\,'25u)
that part ofalourdower
rises
lio " which
wmcn
tat, oily. Anchsa, g. S3* note.)
fciow .theIl\oiarium and(if awmet.mes
support, ine Unctuous,
Undulate,
waveit.
Silvia pomfera, s. 57*.
outer envelope* pSicb be.
,, the
,he m,amnion
fructification Undulato-ntBOse, rw%ow or rugged and waved- fcf>
S
matospharria
dtsU,
s. Iu3nl.
ffircsei"that contain the .pomtaof Crvp- Unûiculatcd, (urmthed with i short imp AIUnguis,
(2<)
the
taper
base of a peial Disntliw.
pina
galanga,
s.
40.
!^11"24|,. Anactnp
Unilateral,
owi.6\ded. Brachjpdium loliictun,
p. 372. (Bote.)
-. 1441.
*"' .'^'ffi I**"*
.., (note).
Thyrsoid, resembling .
called a thyrsus,
Tomentos?,
densely p.and85.'closely hairy. Thymus to- , m ****** 1
inentt'.sus, dense
. N414.close hair. Grevlllea buxiflia, Uterine, bc\onging to the womb. Ackis, g
Tomentttm,
(note.)or Utncvlus, a little bottleor bladder. S*JUtricle,
Tonic,
corroborative.
f2. (note.)
s. 1418.bracing,
Toothed,
(2>) divided
so as to Slvia,
resembleg. teeth.
Pol- Uterus, the womb. p. 981.
t'i'u/a,
giandp. J.of the throat Acacia, t-
Toothtetted,
Hchia, g. 21.furnished
p. 1. with little teeth. Slvia cmia,theg 22.
(note.)
p&nicul,
402. to some particular place.
Topical,
local,s. contioed
Papaver,
g. 1170.
(note.) elevated and depressed. Valvulr, (271) or
V.consistingofMir "r*ml
Torose,
uneven
; alternately
Pap'ivertwisted.
hybriduu-,Hcliiithcmum
s 7i59.
Turtiiose,
Fumna, s 7775. I aricase, (272) swollen here and there, ftenxii^
1\
u/ose,(258)slightly
turseas thalamus,
Kcbtes tor.'.sa,
s. 2357.
celta p. 8!(5.
Torus,
the same
which .
Sisym /'oscular,
(273'
oftissue **"1
g.enlarged
1515. (274)
p.state.
598.consisting
Potamogetn,
Trapcxijomt,
brium, g. 1422.in p.the537.shape of a trapezium. Boriiia faulted,
formed
or placedg.likeSi",the(note)
rwf
serrulta, like
. 5091.
TrajxiLat
a trapezium. Adintum villsum, ,
kind
14554. (261)
Triandrmis,
threedivided
stamens,in threes.
p. 30. Tri.
Trichototnous,
(102)having
branches
ch. ditiin decmbens,
s. 1000.three points, A'llium
Tikuspidatc,
(262) having
1'i.rrum, arranged
s. 4<>17. in triple rank. A'loe tortuosa,
Trifarhus,
s. 438ri.divided in three. ManUsia, g. Id. p. 1Trtfid,
Triiocutar,
(168) having three cells. Leplo*prrnum
triloculare,appearing
s. 60Si. as if furnished with three
Trij>etaloid,
,s cdion.
petals. Tillandsia
xipiunities,
4144. hydropipcr,
Tripctalous,
having three
petals. .Elatlne
litmria.
Triquetrous,
. 5635. having three sides or angles. A'loe ,^-U,e -*
reticulata,reduced
s. 431J2. to powder by pounding, Amyg
Triturated,
in
dalus, g.belonging
1128. (note.)
Tropical,
to the torrid zone. Conocrpus, |Vi/f'T)~unc<de,
g. 544. (note.)
(2(3) blunt, as if cut oil'. lcdy-chum spifesser
Tub,
rculatc,
ctum,
s. S4.rovered with knobs or tubercles. lann.
cuius parvilius, s.
!'[
II.:-.
'
GLOSSARY.
Vaielts, t.277)
excrescences resembling blad
.310. hollow
{note.)
ders, g., (188)
a standard ; the upper petal ofa ppi linnarenii*
I'eLiIoati'mum,
1501. t*tus
p. 598. Rh hvin4 Proa
Viilout,
{'178} flower.
shaggy,
with lung looseg.hair.
villo-i*imus,
. Kflourishing.
Virement,
green,
Mescmbrynthemum
iUN&S ' ,1'
virsren*,
. 775.VerluMMim cpreum, 215B,
Wer/*,
Virante,
im
iggy.
I'liro,
.("280) ienVM
(note)
Vttciii, or Paimu, adhesive, clammy. Ifoeihavia "'"if, 281)
in boon*
der, wherewith
mam
Virerions,
hvely.
Crdaut,
g.
1663
(note.)
When
fl,tlHR
ftv/woui,
('"L'l
hi' . Mima
youngc arulea,
plante -in841.the place Bib&tum, . f. rmJ
of
ri>twer*
Rnd
mk-cL
Vulnerary,
In the i ure of wounds, Symphy
tum, g 334.useful
(note.)
Futctjorm,
cleftp.with
Lnnpdiuin,likeg. alSiS.
ikil. projecting edges. Me- Zones, stripes orb*
wanting or absent p. Vit
O mgii'fies
. very *.
'
-.in""1
" .
""Vif1*'
-I ** 1
TABLE OF SUCH
AS HAVE SYNONYMES IN
I* .U Index,
the frmmatrng
J^^j'ftiTfflMv
.memorativo,
by'the
lotto or lett bemg ^ ^ ^
the other numej are formed, In almost every uv.
or Systematic EnglUb Hil
Nos. British
bynonjme*Ucncra
1609
651)
AbromaL.L.
Wild liquorice
15*6
614 ATjrus
Mimosa
9127
856
Acacia
c*.
Three-seeded .
sus
814 h.
breech
Bear's
1301
516 Acanthus L.
Maple
]18.5 tTphrye
864
i.
Man orchis
752
R.L.Br. 1781
Milfoil
726 A'ceras
vichillcn
Yarrow
A. /Ulefolium
L.
sp.
12383
Sapodilla
NUberry tree
427
150
Xchraa
L.
ehrae
.
552
190 Achyrnthes L. 2072
Virginian hemp
831 Acnlda L.
.
Wolfe-bane
1205
755 Clamus aromticus Sweet rush
256 ' L.
878 Acrstichum L. 2169
Herb-Christopher
460
L.
1
294 '
Actinocirpus/.rr.
80) .llama
Thymus
508
Per;.L. }6
Ethiopian
592 '
Adansonia
14'1
purd.oreour
mon
jil
850
180 Adeliai.
Adenandra TV. en. 2118
518 Disma
Bastard flower
350 Adenanthra
982
fence
Maidenhair
21M
884
Jdintum
L.
Naclea
86
98
Adlna
Sot.
pheasant's
eye
1230
484 AdbnU L.
Musk crowfoot Moschatel
328
Adoxa
X.
Hard grass
2134
86296 Eglope
274 CratVe
Êxiphila
Bengal quince
1196
468 -
Corr.L.
Gout
weed
216
>1
L.
652
Air plant
762
AridesSw.
1917
192
?
Forak.
660
Bastard
sensitive
630 îichynmene L. 1582
plant
Horsecheetnut
866
PviVi
296 ^sculus L.
Lesser hemlock Fool's parsley
218
Althaea L. Herit. 661
260 Agapnthua
lei CrInum africnum African lily
Mushroom
988
gricue Sal.
Z.
2365 Plnus
802
182 A'gathis
Agathsma IK. . SOU
520 Disma
244 Agave L.
724 Aloe
690
geratum
Dec.
1
-47 Liverwort
Agrimony
1101
398
.
Rose-campion
38856 Agrimonia
Agrostmma
W. 1066
Bent grass
156
//Rrstis
221.50
866
Ailntus
Hair grass
58 ira
X. Desf. 170
428
iriwn
L.
1144
Bugle star ot.
4M
1212
Bastard
274 A'Juga
Albaca L..
797
Bethlehem
Ladies'
mantle
88 AlchemlUa
1
812
Aleurites
Forrf.
2028
Water
plantain
24
lsma
L.
861
146 AlUinnda L, 407
Genta*
Die abrome
Dorabrurfraurt,
giftbohne
Zeckel.orbreiiiv
1 ricinelle
Diekraut
biirei.Uau
Branc-uriine
Der shorn
L'rable
**1
L'achillo
DieKarbok"t
schfe**
Millefeuilie
.r.4l[4imC ,
Le
Di1:.. .pmiblii
Dor stiirmhut
L'aconit
L'ace odorant Der *. *
L'acrostique
,,rril
Schffamruri
L'acte
_ Kldne berpnriic
Basilique
LTbaobab,sauvage
w le ^jrfawmic,
"*
du singe
L'adehe
Vet
Le condorl
Adianthe
ptesdnnliblu'^
Adonide
Moseatelline
L'ftrilor
baum _ ,
GeissfuM
Boucage
Aen-e
wnnirh**
L'eschynomne
"^,
I* marronler d'Inde D'
Ambrome
Liane A rgs
g&AWca.
L'aganc
L'agave
L'agratc
L'aigremoinc
La
nielle
Agrostis
Le
langit
Canche
La languette
La bugle
L'alchimtl'c
L'aleurit
Liane a lait
17cr
Dir **
ScMiene*.
IW'at
F THE
GENERA,
DIFFERENT LANGUAGES.
fed to plana by the ,
tu
8H Netelkruid
1
726 Dulxendblad
""""I. otoU, Si "".

Acanto
Acero
hm
.
Kenntp
74
.
-56 Kalmus
878 Plakvaren
Acrstico
0 KriBtoIfclkruId
592 Melocnboom, aa.
SSO
884 Venuehaair
* Adonbbloem
Oerardikruld
0Scllaamboom "
IBoomaio,
'OurkruU
jromonie
Stlftbloem
Bugola
AcantoPort.
Port
Acero
Zapota menor/. Sapotilletns Z).
Cnamo
ginia de Vir.
Acnito
Acoro clamo
Acrcfco
Actea
Albahaca menor
Adenantera
Adianto
Fiore d* Adono Adonis
MoscatelUna Moecatelina
Eglope
Ejilope
Egifiia
Ejifiia
Podagraria
Egonodio
L* ippocastano
Cicuta
Agrico
Aloe
grande, or
agave
Acento
Water
Acanto
Arce
Aquilea
Acnitoclamo
7>-
Acoro
Egypt Pon w.>_
Waembu Afn/o. ]
Acroeicoiw PUtatnA.
Actea Port.
Serpeo Port
Iciboicica Brax.
i Port.
AdiantoPort CayDu6i chon China.
Adoni* Port.
MoecatcllnaPorf.
DesmerurtCm.
DcemanertSiced.
Egilnpcc Port.
Port. Lidet
Gedeye
Dan. Getga
Swed.
Egiphila
Dan. Malab.
Marmeleiro
da India geedetrse
Port. Covalam
EgopodioPort.
.IonPodagrycznik
Pot,
Fm-ln
China, Snit
Phaong
Cochmch.
Aetv&Arab.fel.
Sedjaret
ennaghi
Cairo.
Esculo caetina
de caballo
Cicuta
menor
Agrico
Agave
e
Agcrato
Esculo Port. Konekoi kastan Buss.

Cicuta menor Port. Medwjctchei kren Russ.
Agaricoport FastackiJap. Bladsvamp Dan fySwcd
Agave Port. Den treecaloe, or agave Dim.
"t,J Port- Ageratum Dan &r
ist ^^4tsicean-theum
China, Iceland.
Sivegra Dan. orlateen
Swed. Reyrgrese
Aizoa Port.
Alcbemila
. Maru Up, Su>aL SynDaK

GuldblommeBon Stckra Amt
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
mu
French.
British or Systematic
Der lauch
page
lo Ueivera. Sjnonjma.
ascmsuin
2"2 llflum
L,
796
ascalnicum L.
_j, or raUa l)er nhrae Uuch,*
sp
4664
Leek
tuniques
Dabinsnl1!*
g prram L.
schmltiiucli
Ciboulette
Chivef
4617
Die i**el
3sp.SchuoprXsum
L.
L'oignon
Die
le
Onion
/- ep
L'aune
4. .lnu9
t'pa
Aider
Der fuchs*chw&ni
1955 Btula '1
780
.
1377
Heinimeris
Le
vulpin
Fox-taii grass
63456 Alonsa
R- 164
Derhhnerbu ^
La
morgcline
ferbna
618 lopecrus
Aloisia Or. L. 1313
Chickweed
L'alternante
6H8
228
Atnc
L.
Dereibisch
192 Alternnntnera 566
Das (tc'mkraui
guimauve
Marsh mallow 1
. A". L.
L'alysse
TW ainat-111
1474
584
A\tbcc\i
Madwort
L'amaranthe
AWsson
1401
Amaranthlily
644 1
L. L. i Velvet flower
D wtete"
L'amaryllis
786
^marntue
Daflbdl
L'ambrosie
7;;') 252 Ambrosia
Amarfllu L.I* 1977
L'il
de
Christ
Dien
788
L'amthyste
1785 'ter
Blue
amethyst
72620 /im'llus
L.
56
Bishop's
weed
Amethvetea
Derunform
L'amome
Cardamoms
2144 l'mmi
L. Rose. 63913 -Bastard indigo L'araorpha
&
1545 614 Amrpha Z.
L'amandier
148AmAntoW.lt g TabenuemontAn* Almond
Dal
Le pcher
fl Amygdalus . Teach
A. /Vrsica L.
Ijc
balsamier
Balm-tree
'ep. 7()20
L'anabase
Berry-bearing
Dcricijc*
glasswort
204 AnAbasie L.
L'acajou
Cashew
nut
334 Anacrtlium *. 935
L'anacycle
MP"*"1
Ring-flower
Le mouron
1777 _ - Pimpernel
724
Le
bois
puant
128 Anacjclue
^nagllis L.!.. 357 Bean
Ji'rose hygr***Rose oftrefoil
Jericho Latrique
!H3
342
648 ^nagjrie
AnastticaTo.
L. 1416
La
buglo*se
Bugloss
L'andrachne
S>3
Bastard orpine Le barbon
120
nchisa
L. L. ats
RIO
Jndrchne
L'androsacc
i-ii - - 8fi0
Amiropigon
W.
L'andriale
349
nie *
126
^ndrosce
L. 1642
fi76
Andrifala
I*
X/animone
06(1
-u7
Pasque-flower
886
Anmia
Swx.
DiesD^^'"
Anith
Pulsatilla
J2*i
482
L.L.
Dill
Herb archangel, Angliq"e
218
6 220 nethum
Angelica L.
912 Anictanglum 22*2 Gymntomu1
Dtr
Le coroesol
Hedw. , r. 1243 A'pcta
. Custard apple
1220
La
180
Adn.
. Chamomile
912 Anmodon Hoi . <
L'anthrlc
Dct s""
724
nthemis L.L. 177
L'anthohse
28044 AAnthiricura.
WW
L'anthosi*1106
Antholyra L. 107
Amber
tree
Cerfeuil
a
fruitt
.
Spring
grass
83228 Autho4pLrmum
l--*>{
76
m Rough chervil
Antliox.'imiium
?<> Scndix
courts
I/anthyllwe
808 atbriicui
Per /- 620
. Kidney vetch
I/antidesine
1543
Le muflid
612
^nthillis
Snap dragon
2068 Toadflax
8,34
AntiitcsinaL.L.L. 1343
626
Die""**
882 /ntirrhlnum
Antrpbyum 2193 Vitt'iria
618AphraA--13p6 Jurttato
.
Lily
pink
272 A.
AphvlLinthw/-.
Dct edn
monspeliusis L. <M -- Ujjcllier
l*rsl1
.. Parsley
CUTi
.
4614
Celery
216 AiOph,m
Lr
gravolcm L.
I/alfln
. Dog's bane ^
ep.5618
Anrolle
194 ^p.'ieymim
292
AponoglonL.Thun, 1*
Columbine
,,.abette
"
Wall
cress
476
Aquilegia
L.
i Pindar.:. 0r round Earth nut
5K1
'rabil
L.
Ucref"
I/aralle _
(14 A rachis L.
tlt'tie
nuts
*tree
Angelica
pert"
li!H> Arctostphylos Strawberry tree 1,'.111
liarilane
830
ArMia
T..
lo
Ii)
Burdock
30o
.-'rhutus
Clot-burr
680
Arctbpun
retium .!..
I/arctotitlc
S
872
1S|-, Arcttis
Bear's
L'at. "r
731
Arctotheca
I
Cabbagecartree
lH.il
7 .Jc.V,.
ArcttiiL, L.
iiHiil
BOU
Sandwort
L'arlol<M
378
u,o
A
i L.Tm a
-Prickly
462
Argem.ne
1172
Birthwortpoppy
btali
tm
/fnsfoHk
liia
1934
l
,
V6>
/Irietolbcls
234 Armrln W. en. 705 Sttice Thrift
TABLE OF SYNONYM ICS.

un
Durch.
72 Look
1. Chalotte
."0 .
3 B^k'
UIJL41
5
780 Elzeboom
Voascstaart
228 Muur
58* Tanddraad
De heemst
4
786
Amaranth
*g
belie-narcis
788 Dmifkruld
820 Amethystkruid
61*4Kardamom
Amorpha,
bastaard or
indigo
*20 Persikboom
Amandelboom
WBalsemboom
*>*
Zoutdruif
T24Rgbloem
m
et guichellieil
IgStinkboompje
"8 Roos van jEricil0
120 Oeietong
Andracfine
Baardgrae
^6 Woldintei
*2 Anemone
218 Dille
*0 Enelwortel
*0 Annona
*gH Antholyza
Anthericnm
^r^ruik
S
Oeelbloem
308 Wilde kervel
106 beeuwebek
^Bânjclier
2ISPereeIie
bellery
m Hondsdood
ll* Aardeikd
Âraiu
lS 0loornd
Ajo
POlletla maligia cibonino de

Clpon,
c'erra
nUno
Aliso
Alopecuro
Alopecuro
Morgellina
Alsinc
AJ!~
Althea
Alisao
Aliso
Amaranto
Amaranto
biglio
narcuo Amarylis
,,ra8e-Da I-ucxer
[an Talar.
Alopecuro Port. Ra?vcruinpc Dan. R;iiJVaiits
KAvar cl abld Arab.ftl. Hmd, in Rotctta,
AlthenPort.
Port.
AlliBO
Amaranto
Port. Amaryllis
KrowawckDan.Iluss.
Amarylis Port.
SStred.
Ambroeia-Urt
Dan. Ambrosia-ort
Swed.
Asperokeplialos
Tcncos.
UaA\e
Egypt.
fn"JaTm.0
* Indigo,
Cardamomo
menorPort,
Port. ltastard Indigo Dan.
Indaco bastardo
or ail" Canumono
Anilciru bastarda
bastardo
JJmandorlo
Him lio ginRuss.
Chin.Baratsk-ta
Hung.
derevo Rust,
Pesco, or prsico Almendro
El melocotn Scheptata
II balsamino El balsamo
O balsamo Pon Abu echam Arab.
Anacido
Aiiagailide
Anagiride
Rosa di Jerico
Ancusa
Andropogon
Anemone
Anet
Angelica
Anaeardio
denial occi. Anacardo da America Port. Kapa-rr.ava Malab.
Anacido
AnacidoPort.
Dan.traw.i
RingekUtas.
(vanSwed.
Anagali<le
Murriao
Port. Ringblomstcr
Kurjitschja Doga
Leo
hediondo
Anagyro
de
Hespaiiha
Port
Bob
kamieitiiy
Rosa de Jeric Roua de Jerico Port. Kaf marjam Egypt.Pol.Roza
Jcryclinska Pol.
Anchusa
Andrachne
Andropogon Aiirirojiogon Dan.
Port $Swed.
Ska-ggegrrs Dan.
fantarilloe
Perelomaja trawa Rus. Rzcta kalnUaPo/. Hi)sko5i/\
Anemone
Anemone Port. Ollina gusa Jap. Wjctreniza Russ.
Eneldo
Eiidro
Anjellca
AngelicaPort.
fort. Angelika*. Dziegiel ogrodny Pol.
Annona
La
camomilla La manzanilla
Anterico
Anterico
Ant<permo Antoxanto
Antospermo
Antoxanto
Antillide
Antillide
Antirrino
Antirrino
Petroselino
Perejilhortense
Aopio
Apio
Apocino
Apocino
Acquilegia
Pajarilla
A/abide
PIstacchie
terra di" Man
Arbuto
Mndrono
bapiioia
" koolboom
Arenaria
Aristolochia
Static*
'rSfciypiorek/W
Arctotis
Arenaria
Aristolochia
Statice
Guanambao Port.
AAnterico
macellaPort.
Port.Kosatki Pol.
Vundurt Dan.
Sari.
torducira
Port. Ullbomster
Noeli-tali Malab.
AntirrinoPort.
Baqdunis
EgyptSclderi
PetninchkaJ?.
Kerafs Egypt.
Ran. ZelcrjaPletnuzka/W
PoL
Hundcdd Dart.
Odamaki .
Jap. KolokMtschiki
77 Orlik Pal
Oaaseiirt
Akerlcukojcr
Swra
AZ'ctcTPOr''
"<-"1Caydauphun,
I.jesnâ
Ross. Jczowka
wloska Pol
I-
Portjablon
Upuschnlk
llusi. Lopian
liiornclod
Don.
Arctotis Port. BirneoreZ). BjSrnSra Slued
Arenaria Port.
ira/.
SandBrt oin.
Pigvalmue
Z)a. Sandurt
Piggvalmoge
biden biergnellike Don. Strandblomiter Strnt
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
Die
wdverley
i (jenen. BrillJi Systematic Eng'Uh Nsmes. Le doronic
Der
wermath
A'rnica
1749
L'absinthe
716
Wormwood
Dragoukel
L.
1721
Estragon
tav Artemisia
Tarragon
i. Draci'u.culus L.
sp. 11739
810 Anthricum
0 .rthropbdium
Der
. \ !..
Breadfruit
Le
Der brodbaum
Wake robin
Le jaquier
gouet
77 Artocrpae
/"rum
L.
Cane-brake
Dfi
rohr
Arimtiinari.i
Mx.
Reed
Le
roslu
74(it rndo IfV/A.
Die
Asarabarca
L'asarct
Die basely"..
seidetifniW
1072 . .
.4aclp'iu
s.iruin /,.L.
Swallow-ivort
L'asclvpiade
588 //ypricum
196
lilS
/..
658 J'scyrum
Witschen
1223
Astmina Adn,
40
Der
Hersel
African broom L'aspalat
1528 Anona
.
L'asperge
Das
5hi spilathus
Sparrowgrass
Le
porte-feuine
Asparagus Z... 816
Das Kharfkra
megerkraul
German
maihvort
342
WiMbuglosi
L'asprule
Deraffodil
12494 Asnfrul L.
Woodruff
268 . .
L'asphoilNe
Asphodel
BAton-de-Jacob
A*lili'-lei;is t. 808 .
28U .
Bton royal
King's rod
A. ramnusL. .su. 4793
sp.
4795
Der
streifr^"111
Shield
fern
1 doradtlle
Aepdium Si<"z. 2199
Die ftenibliuw:
Splcemvort
2186 .
L'astere
/isplnium
Traguiit
Starwort
1739
.
I/atragale
.l'rter
L
7imi
Astraul
Milk
vetch
1594 .
Die
hirtfbwurt
L'a^tratice
liii strgalas
Masterwort
L'atliainante
Dieatbaiîe
AstrAnta L..L. 674
222
L'alhanasie
634
.
21h'lri2 sitharanta
La qiicnouiilctte Djertraucliiw
1717 - sthaiisia
L'atranhacc
.... "- Distaffthistle
Die
melde
.trctylis -L. 1670
L'arrorhc
838
Diewlfiki^
siraphxis
Orache
La
belladone
2138
s triplex
L.
K62
Dwale
446 Deadly nightshade
Der hsfer .
Berg.
L,
154 Afilax
L'avoine
2052
Protea
H24
Oat grass
Carambolier Iruitl Zuurkiioopbw
171
.
L.
34 sivna
ronds
1058 .
Dei <'
Averrliw I*
L'azule
Die biccha"*
1444-' AzMea
...
Plowman's spike- La bacchante
Ker. 403
102 /'xia
70S ccharis L.
1732 .... nard
Die iah"1*
Die
fruenMe
884
RalAntium/.. Kautf. 2198
SOr/fallbfci
1265 Dicksr.nAi
Black horchound StinkmghorehoundLaba^.^
Costraary
u>quj
Daibambul*
696 /Mamita Des/. 1718 Tanactum
d'Inde Die inw',K*
cane
L<
256
Bambitsa
Sehr. 752
sfrndo
Bmboi Bamboo
Winter er.
L.lUrf.
342
Bapttsia
.
947
Podalr'ui
540 Barbuda . Br. 1386 Ei .
Le butonic
b
Cocrcte
752 BarrintbnftiForst.1497
Bartholin^ R. Br. 1862 Butfnlca
Artthsa
Die t
524 RaxMla
L.L.
1341
.... Mountain bony ""'
228
693
346 BauhfniVi Pluk. 970 Cvnosrus
MmIco
La pquerette
201l>
rtnua
BMla
Sal
Der MuerdM
Daliy
17-r>6
Wilis /,. Vil.
718
L'pine-rinelte
Arctium
C84 BerrdiVi
Barberry
1!1-,01-1*"" IlirlH"
Berbers
L.
Beet
Betoine
61-J
L. L.
06
Betimy
Le
bouleau
Der t""
i-:1956
502
Birch
Le
7.SH /eti'-nica
Btula
L,
La biitent
bigiione
Bdeiie
L.
Trumpet
flower
514 Bignbni L.
Ln lunetiere
Buckler
546
.
1I5'5

Hatchet mustnrd
vetch Le ro-uner ue
fi-H64 Biscutlla
Bist'rTula
Z-.
Anotta
D.rnPI"1''"'
Inilei
Blxa L.
78 ....
BK'giie
21S'! Rullfa
880
fflchnum
L.
518
FlechumR. J. P.
Dieb'"'"
Limodrum
762
Akee tree blite Elite, or Mite
8tl28 Blttirt
BlghiW L.H. K.
Strawbcrrv
D t*
Zntum
Celandine
tree
Ti
3926 Boccmw
L. L. \rr19;
Hogwced
La tassole
morille
Boerliaavi.i
SiHink
S--7-
IOW
/iolttus Dil
Silk
cotton wild
tree Le ilai>hnot des baurovo"
1334
17 J
9.<2 Bi'imbax
L,
Barbadoes
Borago
tille
524 Bntl Lolive
Bourrache
Die*""
Borage
Lerondier
S40
122
Morago
L.
Fan palm
836 Boresus L.
1VYJ
Ir Wi
Adlia, Bigelovn Golden rod
Bnai
82R
.
W.
2044
Lunaire
>
nosew
L.
ci.-:
Moomvort
88f
Swx. 2208 Osmoiida
Der
1-28 Botrchum
BourrnW
.
Fhrtfrt
Bouvimb'd
Sal. 431
Houstbnia
287
African almond Brabei
864
Rrabbjum
..
22
t>2
BrasavblaR. R.Br.Br.
Epldndrum
'u6 BrssM
Malxis
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
<1(> Valkruld
aw
Ahem
Dragon
ILilian.
Aseenzio
Dragoncello
Ajenjo
770 Broorflioom
JO
Kalt'svoet
Riot
$"2SO Maug.oor
ArtfvarTTO
Aro
Canna
Asaro
Asclepiade
Zueco
Yaro
Cana
Aaaro
Aaclepiada
Asfdelo
Aflbdelo
.V, 11. I,-II, It11.-i m, PnI|-h,Koi

VolverleyDan.Malurt
FiblerZ)ai*.
Sired.
Polin
Torun Pol. Klgytiang
Hung.
Eoroo
Otahcite.Dan.
Brdtnee Dan.
Munakcevands
Trost
Rata*.".Trcina>/.
Wodote)
KopytnickRo'rPol. $ Swn/.
Aacyro /"or.
Sparaa
Rapette,/rim.
or brevtasketrnwa
Dan-Rust.Ormgen
Schwedopebchenaja
MyaekaStrrd.
Dan.
.
Kozle jayka Poi.
BeenbrudDem,
880
Mltkrui.l
Asplenio
'W Sterreblocm
Asplenio
Asten
Kooikniid
Aster
Astragalo
Aittiagalo
Pik
i*W!rworteI
Atamanta
.^Staalkup
*' "
Atainanta
Atanasa
Atanasia
Atrattile
Atraphaxia
V Moiti
Atrepfce
'* uoiikniid
Armuelle*
Atropa
Atropa
Havor
S^8 ^
Vena
A vena
1+* Azalea
7<* Roerkruid
^ pilote
Marrobio
Marrubiade Santa
rumbaban.
to
ortense Hierba
Maria
Caima
bamb
Cana
bambos
0 Winterkm
Barbarea
Hierba
de Santa
Barbara
ûhinia
18 Madrlieven
J*> Beute
Berberil
U Berk c
1 ""gnonia
1 Îkrujd
Sticrnblomet
Dan.Strutschkowaja
Stjernb'rt Strcd.trawa *.
Hvirvelurt
Dan.
Astranria
Part,
Z.'iptza
Hung.
HiorterodPort.
Dan. Sattorot Swcd.
Atanata
Ararna
de
Creta
Port.
Spindclurt
Atraphaxia
Dan.Loboda
& Strrd.Poi. MollaDan.
Lebedu
Rust.
Strcd.Russ.
Belladonna Port. Beschenaja wibchnja
Arca
Port.
Owes
liuss.
Owles
PU,
Cneramcla Port. Bilimbi Matab. Billinghas Cty.
TmuuJap. Odiir rehawnoi Russ. AtalcaDe.
Marroyo Port.
Balaa.niu
Port. Szantaczarna
Hanegraai Dan.Pol.Sveiisk salviaStrea.
E. owlie OtaheUe. Ily Malab. Banibusr Dan.
Herva
Dan. de S Barbara Port. Barbora Pot. Vinterkara
>- Loquera,,,. Cayboung,^,-^
Wargherit
Creapitio
Bieta
Ketonico
nctulla
Bidente
'Jignonia
Maya
Berbers
Acelga
KlBetonira
abedul
Bidente
Bignonia
Bonlna P,. Barch,,^, nVMKVU Rm

BN,r i
Buk,v2T>; *
BlgnoulaPo Jacarandaina,.
Urucu Port Acliiotl Mexico. Bixa Dan. 3 Swed.
B-melde
liaavia
J'Pokboon,
iâgie
Seevende
^'mboom
osea
Bllto
Boleto
BIt4lo
Boleto
Bombas
Zminda/W. Dan. Burmolla Straf.

F 'Uiai Port.
depitan Port.*.Nuiia-nunaOinA.
VuddjefArab.
Boleto
Grz'b/'o.
Oattra?c Dan.Gril
sttrd Swcd,
'
>.
trawa/ix.Malab.
/.
l'almeira
machaOgurctechnaja
brava Port. Ampaiia
on aggine
Borraja
- _ - -minore
_ Hierba-mora Bnsea Dan. $ .
lunaria
Lunaria menor Lunaria baatardai'/.Bogoroditschka niUchkaAtt
- - .
BrabyU Port.
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
1114
French.
w
INos. BrilUhKynonjm.
SjstemMJc
to t-.
Le chou 1 DWa
.'
Cabbage
553 salea t.
1432 Cole, colewort
Chou
cabue
blanc
White
capitata
....
Chou
cabu*
rouge
Red
.
riibra
-Chnii dede Bruxelles
Milan ,a
Savoy
- o.. S.. .buHta
Brussels sprouti Chou
. . . bullla
jet
Choux
verts
, . 3. acephala
Chou-fleur
. Borecole
Cauliflower
. o. t. BtryttJ
Chou-brocoli
.
Broccoli
Navet
" ~.
.A -NhpuiL.4
4247Roquette
Chou
Chou cavalier
fris* du nord
. rica
ao. vaccina
fimbr&ta
Chou-navet
. Jvapo-rasica
Chou-rutabaga.
. rutabaga
Chou-uolia
carapOstris
Navette
. .iVTipus
sylvestris
Navet turnep
Dai snansi
iitten?0
. JtpaZ.. s. 46
Quaking
grasi
L'ananasor droue pic
66
\
L.
195
Dietrcape
Pine-apple
Brome,
246 ' L.
tf]
Brome grass
64 ffrmus !.. Sun J-
184
Bread nut
870
760 Brsimum
Broughtbn;' R.Br.l95 Dendrbbium
2>
134
Brugm;Vnsi'(i
Peru.
377
Bn-one^rcouleanceDie^
250 Brunsvig/rt Heir. 1- Amaryllis
Bryony
Bubon
810 L.
8034 Wild hope
Orme d'Amenque
214
g Theobrma
Bastard cedar
Diflrtucheew
650 libon
Bubrma. ff. 160S
Gitaxana
mini
Olive-bark
tree, Le grignon
Dierende
uchtbHime
1033 Pceraa
S64 Buctda L.
or black olive
Campanette
Du
wckcnWul
270 BulbocOdium L. 784
Die enVm^
Sea
rocket
La
terrc-noix
Pas
rimluff
558
Simias
1***
Earth
nut
Le
buntltalme
21
Milium
L.
"31
Ox
eye
Le
biii'levre
per
beule)*',
728
Juphthlmura
L.
1797
Hare's
ear
Ij bursairc
218
JuplerumCap.L. 657
gomart d'Ame- buitre
182
530
Jamaica birch tree Lerique
872 Bursaria
Bursre Jac zl-
Der buch
Water gladiolo Flowering rush Butome
Le
buis
336
Bdtomui
L.
La
cacalic
pie
V.4
780
flxus
L.
L'armarinte
Pic *,
koseiii'billt'J'
692
Cnclia
L.L.
Le cactier
677
224
Cachrys
Cochineal
fig
IUI
410 Cactus L,
Du b
Le'brslet
350
Cdta Forsk.(brasl- 983
Derraecrn
Braeiletto
S50 CsalpimVi
9(8
Caquille
Mensis)Toil
Pluk. 1417 JniM
548 Cattle
per
-ron"? .
Le calamcnt
ivr
2005
Am
798
CaJdfw*Ven.
bicchubblume
Calamint
Le
rotin
1277
Melissa
508
Calaiiintha
/*.
La
calciolairc
8561 CalceoKiria
Calamus 7,. L. 75351 -> Rotang
Siippcrwort
"
Le souci de jardin Dierinf1^
l*g] CaidUa W.
BonpUndie
liai scbfJ"011.
Marigold
Calle
740 Calndula -L. 1830
Sharp"*
Callicarpe
809
2989>
Cilla L. L.
perwrtlinf
Le calhgon
272
Callise
.
cr aMntern
1106
406
Calligonum
/,.
Le
calUric
87 Vernal star-headed Water itarwort
368 Calbtriche
Callisia L. f.
Per kaUbeW"
Le calaba
chickweed
American
calaba
466 Calophjllum L. 1189
pic sumppfjlotlet756
Br. 1878
IJmod;\rum
bluif
196 Calop.gon
Cal.-'tnmU .It. .
584 ^cltpias
Marsh marigold Lepopulage
pie
41)0 Ciltha L.
1230
Le calyca"1
Allspice
pie
M"
- - liseron des ha! Per'-"
454
Calycnthus
L- 1157
1929 Llmndr.rum
7fi4
Calipso
Sal.
Bcarbind
ra
camelme
387
ConvfilvuluJ
140 Calyetgta . . 1425 Wagrum
Gold ofpleasure U rose du Jai"" japsn*1*11
550
692 Camelliia
Camll/ I*Crx. 1476 Japan rose
picq
Bastard manchineei 1
We isif Sin,Tn*
*. +17
La carneree
I Bell fiowcr
4'V
KCl!
lf2
Campanula
jv;
I Canary'bcll-Howcr Canncfle Manche pcr
Cainphnrsina L. n:t
pjsbk"*
Canarliia
Le ualisie
ppr Il3llfS
Canlla P. Br. 1035 Flowering reed Indian shot
pic ka|"
Le chandra
1
8 Canna
Le cprier
Hemp
8.1+ Cannabis t.
2073
Caper
tree
Cajrair*
Cpparis L.L,
1364 Sweet weed
Capraria
Honeysuckle
'priflium
. * S. 47+ Lonicera
Shepherd's
mirae Le piment
"i"
.
Ouineaor Indian
lt VCipelcum
L. 140!'
453 Thklspi
Pepper
Siberian |>ca-tree
620
Roblnfti
02 Caragbna
Caratimna1.
U Br. 156!)
598 Stoplie
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
Pae
Dulnh.
ltjdbn
Varai-o,,. Kapu^,.^ Kaal A,. Mtu-
6STri]gras
2*6l Zwenkgras
Ananas
jjO Bryono
.
Bromo/-or. KwterjA'tt. HtjreDon.
Brionia
Bubon
& Leertouwerboom
70 Klokbol
Knodsvrugt
Aardnoot
Castagne d
*1812 Haazenoor
Koe-oog
Burtamo
Bupleuro
a Gom elcmniboom
Zwjunebloem
Butomo
*'- Dokkcblad
I ilm
Busso
Cacalia
*J CocheniljedrnaNootekroon
Planta
di
j ge'iJe vygpiant coccinigUa
> Brasilichont boom Logno di Fer
nembuco
Catbile
knodsvrugt
Klompbloem
9udbloem
Slangekruid
Nueza
Bubon
Norca branca Port. Prrestcp bialy p0i

Mangle bastarda Port
Colchico
de la
primavera
Buplero
Buplouro Pari. BupUr iLs
Pungen Dan.
Almacigo
ame.
ricano
Susak . Sitkwitnacy Pol Rlometerslv Dan.
ElButomo
box
Cacalia
Tuero
No(Idkronc Dark
Swed. .
Cardon de cochi. Cochenuheira
Pon.Kcithroni
Nupalnochezli
Kadi
/irai.
Fernambuco Pao Brasil Port Ibiri-pitanga Brazil
Cakilc
Strandkarse Dan. Strandsenap Swed.
Melissa
Rusi.S Melisa
PoA
RotangDan.
Swed. Rotan
Calendula
Calla
Calendula
Calla
Vogotki . Nogietek Pol.

CatPort. Smei trawa,. MysteDan. Drakr't Swe.
Sterreluuld
Callitrica
Gle
boomgom-appeL
Calitriche
Callitrlche Port. Kaldunowa trawa fuss.
geel.
Selkbloem
^Rwinde
'aschdotter
Sposa del sole
Hierba centella 1< Pol Kabeleye Dsn, Swed.

Malmequer dos brejoe Port
,^
Corregela
Trepadeira Port
T\ . Mi*ero_ e
KxowiaPoi &. Dodraii*
i'oKjes
^mferkruld
It'llllip
Canna
Canapa
Cippari
Capraria
II
Cana
Cnamo
Alcaparro
Capraria
Kolokoltschik Aus.
Camplierplante
2?.
Cana Port Racua-canga 1
Canhamo Port Konapli fuu.
Alcapparra
Kapersowoy kust Ruit
CaprariaPortPort
Hierteblomsieri)an.HjertblomsterSiY-
PISS*0 POrU VaIlia-CaP-MoIago Malab.
Oorochownik . Karagan Tartar
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
Nm.
British
or
Hy.temaUe
French.
t Utivra. Sj-doojuW..
Le
cresson
Lady's
54
CardSraine
L.
1392
La
cornde
Heart-seed
328 Cardiosprmum L lo
925 Heart-pea
Le
chardon
Ttiistlc
680
Carduus
L.
La
laiche
1917
774
Crcx
L.
La
papayer
Papaw
tree
20!t.1
8+2
Crica
L.
Le
calac
i ;
132
CarUsa
L.
La
cartine
Carline thistle Le pachirier
i(> i
6S4
592 Carlbw
CaroliiieaL L.
Nodding starwort La
702
sum/,.!.. 1731
Le carpsic
charme
Hornbeam
~m Carp
'irpi'ius
Le
carthame
Safflower
H7.1
686
CtrtAamus
I*
Lecarvi
Caraway
635
218 <'Arilin
/. L. liai
Le giroflier
Clove tree
416
Caryophfllue
Caryote
2007
800
Caryta
L.
La chtaignier
casse
974 J=agus
348
I*
792 'ssia
Caat4neaL- . l!>94
Le
fllao
law
Casuarlna
L.
La
678
CataiincheW.L. 1655
La cupidone
catesbe
Lily thorn
LS'.)
10
Cateaba
35()Cathartocrpus.P(-ri.y75
Cassia parsley Bur parsley
La
caucalide
626 Bastard
210
Cai'icaliB
L.
Ceanoie
d'Afrique
17* CecW
i iMib'ithuK
L. 2043
510 Trumpet
Le coulequin
Snake-wood
tree
S2'i
>/e
I*
Bastard
cedar
182
Staff!tree
507
178 Cedrila
CeUstrusL.L.L.
Le passovelours
Cock's comb
561
192
Cel'.sia
534
Cilsie
L.
Le micocoulier
Nettle tree
864 C'ltie L.
La
134
52 C'nchrus
La racle
centaure
Centaury
734
CentaurnL.L. L. is)!)
Bastard Pimpernel Centenille bassette
277
96 t'eutuiiculus
Cephalantc d'd'AmcButton-wood
96 CephalAnthus L. 275
rique
Le
388 Cerastium L. 1068 .
Ccratocarpe
77266 Ceratocarpus
L. 1937
gras
189 St-- John's bread Hom
Le
caroubier
Carob
tree
868 Ceratochlb.i/icflOP.
Ccratbnia !.. 2156
La
cornifle
Honiwort
790 CcratophfHum L. 1986 Pond weed
L'ahouai
Indian mango tree Le
148
Cerbre
L
420
...
gainier
Judas
tree
346
Crcis L. L.
968 ...
Le
mlinct
Honeywort
122
339
...
Lecesteau
154 Cerinthe
Cetrum L.W. 2174
445 spKnium
... .
878
Ceicrach
Le
cerfeuil
208 .TirophillumZ,. 621 ... Chervil
Le palmier nain
Palmetto
868 ...^. L. 2154 .
La
charagne
93 Chacra L
2295
La
girofle
Uvj
La
chlidoine
538
ChcirAnthus
T..
Celandine
Galane,
or tortue
.1147
46tJ
ChelUlonium&JttA
"
I
Tortoise
flower
12!
L'anserine
516
Chelbnc
L.
"
Goosefoot
611
2f
Clieiinpodium
L.
302 Chim..|ihila Ph. losa
*,
. Snowberrr
Chiocoque
Chionante
17212 Chion.tnthui
Chioe cea W.L. 4StI:H Snowdrop tree
La chlore
rcrrollat.
centaury
^wort
316
(
lilora
/..
8'4
670
Chnndrilla /.. L. HiV'l
L'icaquier
Cocoa
plum
La
crisocome
il
;o
4'24 ChrYsob.'il.ums
.. Star
Goldylocks
Le caimilier
",
Chrjecoma
L.
apple
150
Chrysophflliiin
/,.
4:4
Dorine
Golden
saxifrage
Le pois chiche
Kill]
366
ClirvsosplfeuiumL.
"_ Succory
Chickpea
La
624
Clcr L. li57
La chicore
scarole
678 .Cichorium
.
Endite
Emvia L.
La
dcuUlre
sp.
113.33
Cowbanc
Water hemlock Bugwort
216 Cimicifuga
Cici.ta . L.
Cimicaire
Bugbanc
476
Fontinlt
La
cinraire
904
Ciuclidtus
Be
Ragwort nighU Lacirce
712 Cincriria L.
bnchanter's
26 Cireaj'a L
shadevine
Liane a coeur
Wild
L'achit
848
Ciwmnclos
Wild
grape
Le
ciste
102
Clssua
L.
Rock-ros
Le
cotelet
468
Cistns
Ton.
Fiddle-wood
L'oranger
520
Citharexylum
L.
Orange tree
5226 Cladkim
Citrus L.Sehr.
1
clavaire
fchceVus
Clartone
1012
Fait.
Purslan
184 Clavaria
Clayttmia
W.
Virgin's tree
bower U
Le clematis
mosambei
Traveller's
Joy
482
Clematis
L.
Le fortun
558
Clcome
IF.
520 Clcrodndmm
362
Cltfira L. J.
Leclmopod*
WildbaaU
806 ninopbdlum L. 1272 | .
La
clitore
Clitoris
618 Clitbria L
1C.5G
Balaam flower
tree
aypeole
Treacle
mustard
^ ciypob Gne 211
1402
1116
Die nnchbuaw
Diobcnsiiw
Dil' distel
Duriedpii
Der pipajinua
Dieeberwun
Do- wilde U*e
Die
Die ki-r
hagebuche
Dit
brste
Dertmn
Getfiirnuglcii1
Die bretinpilme
Der kasuiriiKi.e
Der kasurbiun
Die "
DiebaAdot
Dieseckelblut
Diecetosi
Dciotwbau
Dasbli*gra
Die flockcnWu
DercentunW
Der
DuhornkTW'
Diehoraftucbt
Die UfhotcD
Du
liprnblti
Der hammentni"DienrergI]lDi
Die
leutoj' ,
DaKchlkraut
We schilp
McsfhneAhi*
Kbikerkr1
Die Ikakof**
Derrtcm!1
Di.pJdrwli
Die
kicbef"
Die
eirhone
pie endjvie
g3SS-
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
4
SchtrlinbUd
23
ilartvrugt
BO
Diatel
7*
Riotgras
2 Papajaboom
* Evcrwortcl

(02
Kraagblocm
r95i Haagbcuk
fcSaffloer
18
\16 Karwey
KruidnagcLboom
S.iKiiccrboom
H8
Kassie
92
KasUnjeboom
- )78 Dwangkruid
Cardamlua
Cardirnpenno
ElElCardo
carex
papayo
Carlina
...
Orpcsio
Charmilla
Crtamo
ElAlcaravea
clavo aromatico
...
Caspia
Castao
...
Catananche
Lugobtii
*Dan.
Buts. Rzezucha polna Pot.
litore-crter
Oset
Ruts.Port.
* Pot.9tmpm
Tidecl Dan.
PapayoPort.
canio
Dan. Starr
Sired.
Pino-guacu Brazil
Papaya-inaram/e/.
Knliutschka Ruts. Lepczyca Pot. Kontorn Dan.
Xiloxochitl Mexico.
CarpeeioPo-.KraveblomstcrDm.
Kragcblom*tcr.Vu?.
Carp*?A-/. AtatiPert. Grab/w-w.4-,/.
AvciiU^ttfl.
CarbunoPortChartarnWrao.
Polevroi.
Alcaravia/*or.Timon/M.
Karny/W.
,
Cravoaria Port. t'hanke Java. Guoedibchka Hu*.
Schunda-pannaPpypt
Matab.Casait:
NibunDar*.
Male}. Kcttulc Cey.
Chaiarxambar
Kiits
Jap.
Keuchten
linst.
Kasztun
owoc Pol
Kajo tijammara
CaUiianclie
Port.Male).
Dooraxaad
Caucall
Caucalide
Trompetboom
Ambaiba
Ambaiba
2
- .
Celastro
iifi Der- hahnenkamm Celosa
Celoeia
S,"
' - - Arturo
Lotuslwom
II loto dl Candia Cencro
El almei
-
et''(ias
Cencro
Mbaniorie
Centaurea
Centaurea
ecr
klein
guichc!muur
96 Kogelboom
.
.
388 Hoornbloem
...
...
772 Hoornvrugt
Ceratocarpo Ceratocarpo
M
CaroboU
Algarrobo
HB,J Karobenboom
?.wniblad
Ceratofilo
Ccratofila
Kinkelboom
Judaiboora
Siliquaatro
Algarrobo
waschkruid
Cermte
Ceriflor loco
3
Hervel
baagc palmboom Cerfoglio
Palma di S, Pier Perifollo
Palmito
v
.
martire
5 aa"kroon
Chara
Chara
1
Lcucojo
Alhel
Celidonia
Vliildbloem
... CeUdont.
* ""W*
...
...
\l Sneouwbeeie
....
...
aneeuwblocm
Amero
di nev Arbol
de nieve
i:< trrluus Dnn. Kauk&Wn Swcd.

Trompdtra-cfl. Trumi>cttra"d Stred.
Kuro
gani Dun.
Jap. Cel.istcrtnre
Hanekam
ILmkam Sim/.Dan. Celsstortriid Sirr<
_Tcmur.agatsch Pert. Lotustrte/)<rn. Lotustrad Swed.
Cencro Port. Burrcgra* Dan. Borrelia* Swed.
*'*1
SSSH1*
r '-fPP^'boom
ICir
1 c;f_
TbSSl
U1V1C
,\v?.t7"r,cheerUn8
Wantjdryver
Achkniid
^wenskruid
bST
Mdroosje
Cardamlndo
Cardioipcrmo
fardo
La
caretta
II papaio
Carlina
Carpesio
Carplno
Crtamo
II11 garofono
carvi aromatico
...
Cassia
,
Castagno
Catananche
1117
Knaptrxe Dan. Knapptrd Swed.

Hornurt Dan. Hornort Stred.
Ustelipolc Butt. Homfrugt Dan. Swed.
Alfarroba Port.
Swed.
Ccratonlo
Port. Johannisbrd
Hornblad Dan.Dan,
* Swed.
Siliquastre
Port.
Fanna
iuwo
Jap.
Judnstnee
Chpame! Port. VoxurtI><m. Vaxort Swed, Dan.
Cerofolho
Port.rassoira* Port. Dvcrgpalme Dan.
Palmeira de
Dvargpalm
Swed. Dan. Ljutarnt Stred,
Chara Port. -tige
Ooivciro,lT.S*a;gcsiJrc.woiiISLhiiija tialkc/?**,
Svaleurtm.
Skiolblomstcr Dan. Skldblomstcr Stccd.
Guucfbd Dan.
Sneebrer Dan.Dan.
SnTwirSnublonutcr
Swcd. Swed.
Sneeblomster
AIbero icaco
Crisocoma
Crisofllo
...
Ceci
Cicoria
Endivi
...
...
...
Icaco rbol
Crisocoma
Chn-inuliyllo
...
Garbanzo
Achicoria
Endibia
...
.
...
Cirtio
Melaraneino
Jara
Naranjo
Knodiiwam
IttUr-k*
Clmatite
Clemtide
teretelkrarn
^Jj^W
1
Clinopodio
aitorla
9<
Albahacaeil- Clinopodio Port. Bloschinza Storzysxek Pol

CttUvta
Clitoria Port. CUtorisblomster Dan. i Swed.
Hierba rodcU Escudinha Port. Skiold.urt Dan. Skld-rt Swed.
Ikakoblommc Dan. Ikakoplommon Stred.

Guldhaaria*.
ChrywiphylloAT. fitiermalilci-jn. Stjerniiplc^trcd.
Gylde
steenbrek
Dan. GuUtcnbrcka
Stred.
ErvancoPorf.
Cttdenjca
ogrodnai'/. MlNMItDis,
Zikorija
Hust.
Endibia Port. Andiwija Bust. Sterbk Boh.
Cegudefor.
Taegeuit
Dan.Omeg But. Vand-ikarntydc Dan.
Aske-urtOan. Aik-rtSrntf.
Kaldunowa trawa Butt. Czarownik Pol
w*1
Csto Port. Cistusrose Dan. CitueroeSintf.
Fiolintrtee
Dan. Fioltrd
Stred. lints.
Cay cam Cochinch.
Pomcranc
Klubban Swed. KbUenop Dan.
Towoy Pol. Clematla Dan. 8 Su ed.
Tarenaya Port.
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
1118
No*. BriiWi or Systematic
DctictIihI
*
t , Genera. Sjnonjme*. Widow wail
La
Du si
Le t
cnichaut
8+
36
Chebrum
L.
TListle
682
Cncus IV.W. 1065
Die Ketnubt
Le
raisiuier
de
t
1948 Carex
778
CobrfVi
922 MenUprmum Seaside grape
326
Coccolbba
L.
Dat ISM&nrt
2101
Lc
cranson
bAgftm
844
1*
r
Scurvy
grasstree Le cocotier
546 Ccculus
Cochle'irialauh.
. 1407 Cocoa-nut
DcrkiffebiUB
78810 Cocos
L.
Black
tamarinds
Le
caftaycr
ibA**"
Codrium Vahl. 479
Coffee
tree
LarmiUc
17U C<tfTi
Job's tears
19
778
Cbix L.L.
(Diesrillo
4-76 Colbcrt/rt Sai. 1211
Meadow saffron Colchique d'
Der
85163
29224 Colchicum
h.
Aniseed
tree
Le
baguenaudier
Dm fnfW*e
Collinsni'a
I* 1573
Bladder
senna Lecoinaret
Die Mtl
626
Cointea
L.
Marsh
cinqucfoil
a
feuilla
45236 Corooclkdia
Cmarum L.L. 115283
Maiden plum
Der ffjwrfalo
Laentires
conferve
Der
DKiirbeltou
La
ciguc
934
Conferva
Ag.
2292
Hemlock
Le
coiiocarpe
216
Cmiurn
L.
649
Button
tree
188 ConocArpus
- lilyLily of the valley Le muguet
27U
Convallxia Jac.
L. 544
f87 May
Die
Le
Die winJe
drrwuri
Bind
weed
La liseron
conise
140 Convolvulus L. S84
Flea-bane
Defkopsi!
71)2
C'onyza
L.
17
Wampee
tree
_
356 Co '.k/ Sonn, 1006
Balsam of capevi Le copaier
350 -fera L.
986
1238 ffellboru
488
Sal.
1882 (rphrjl
756 Cptis
Corallorrhlza
La
corete
R.
Br.
Jew's mallow
Le
Djs fcW*"
1187
466
C-'>rchorus
L.
La sebtier
coriope
428 Sebestn
150
Crd/
L.
Tickseed
sun
Der kofle* .
732 Coreopsis Jac. 1804 - - - - flower
Ij3 coriandre
Leredoul
618 -- - - - Coriander
208 Corindrum L. 2091
Myrtle-leaved
Der B***
H^Coriria L.
sumach
Le
coris
Le
corispenne
360 .
1308 C'.rls
coqueluchiole
-- - - - Tickseed
Horn ofplenty gTass Le
Le cornouiller
13326 Cornelian
52 Corisprmum
Cornucopia? L.L. 306
L'agnanthe
Dickree**
cherry Dogwood
102
Cornus
L
La
1318 .
521)
Corntia
I*L.
Scorpion
senna
1576
.
628
Coronilla
Wart
cress,
star
of
Das
lingcn1*111
550 Coronopus mm, 1427 - - the earth
DiekortuK
1 corrigiole
1 cortuse
690 Bastard knotgrass Strapwort
228
Corriglola
L.
Bear's-
sanicle
DichaielU^
351 - - - 128 Cortise
600
CorjdaliaL.Dec. 1502
1998 Fumarla
Hazel nut tree Kut
Die KhinPlB,i
79258 Corynphorus
Crvlus L.
Clubtree
grass
Cor>The
Beauv.
Fan
palm
La
cotule
762
Lecotyletjwcoty
258
CryphaL.L.
Mayweed
1775 Kidnevwort
- - 722
Navel-wort
Lc
crambe
S82 Cotilla
CotyldonTon. 1060
Sea Kail
La
crassule
1442
556
Crmlje
L'aubepine
Su**
699 230
Crssula
L.
Hawthorn
Le
tapfer
1132
424
CrataegusL./- 1086 Garlic
Succorypear
hawkweed Crpidc
S'il!
Cratvrt
Le
calabassicr
Calabash
674
Crpis L. 1638
La bacille
crinle
sssgi
133
-- - 524
Creacntifl
African lilytree
La
735
250
Crlnum
L.
Samphire
Le
safran
633
212 Crthmum L.
La crotalaire
Safiron
93 --- . 36 Crbcus /,. L. 1530
La crucianelle DM
608
21132 Cascarilla
81294 Crotalria
Crton
L.
Crosswort
271
Petty
BUM
73-1 Crucianella
CryptostmmaT.. 1814 Arcttis
nie
Bladder campion Lebehen
Le
IM l^f*
kor1
. J?r. L. 1047 - - 372 Cucibalus
Cucumber
La courge
022
80S
Cucumis
L.
Gourd
808 Cullime
Cucrbita R.L. . 2021
Le
cumin
180 Bcrekhfeyrt
732
Kurt"""
Cumin
U
641 -- - *
Le cyprs
curcuma
Cvpress
214 Cumlnum
L.t. 117
Turmeric
80G
CuprMua
Hassagay
tree
14
6 CttreianaH.l- K. 300
Cuscute
100
Dodder
310
104 Curtiste
Cilscttta
824
Sago
tree
2S
Cvanlla L.
Cyclaroe
Sow bread
846
Cycas
L. T.. 21117
334 /'frus
128
Cyclamen
Cymbaire
tjuince
_
1134
La cynaMuc
âr***"
426
Cydbnia '-.t.
Unionen
Dog's
bane
LftffachMt
534
Cymbria
/.. !.. 1379
581 - Artichoke
196
Cynnchum
Cardon
1668
Cardoons
684 Cynara
/
. Cardnculus
Hound's tongue CyW",r,
li cynomM"
8. 1 1453 L. 336
S5SSS
122 Cynomfctra
Cvnoglesum
Dg'9-tail grass Critcllc
314
/,.
973
02 Cvnos.'irus
I.
178
Anl
Cyprus
L
127 C.p.esculntus
b!Nj
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
1119
1Uliisn.
,
Danltli,
1
'
.
:im,
PolIth,
South
,
CharaaeJea
Oriental, otl.iri
NamiM.
Camdea
Citocacio
KradstidsdPort.
Dan.Chantaelca
KraUtUtdDan.
Swcd.$ Swed,
- Dniivrboom
GrappoHere
Coccoloba
"Dructreec Dan. Dnisvetrad Swcd.
Codeara
'Si Lcpclkruid
Skec-urt
Dan. Brasil. Cay dua Cochinch.
AIbero del . EiCochIcaria
coco
Inaiaguacuiba
Koffyboom
II cafb di
I'S Traangraa
El
cafi
Cay
cphe
Cochinch. Kofi . KawaPo/.
Lacrime
Lagrimas
Jiobbe
Moiss de Lagryina* tie N. Senhora Port. Jobs taarer Dan.
- WMI saflVaan Colchico
Villorita
ColchicoPort. Beswrmcnnoi zv)elBuss. KouiadPoJL
Scimebooin
Espanta-lobos Cohitea Porl Linietnto Dan. LmsetrHd Swed.
S i'."*1 "bolle
Sabdnik
Huss. Redorait, Pol. Kraklbttts Swed,
J Scharling
Hapunora
Thachhoa Hust.
Cochinch.
Vandtrad
Dan.Skanityde Dan.
Cicuta
Ceguda
Boligolow
Swinia
weilSwcd.
.
Ledue
iUa van dcn II UJughotto " Azucena
KiiaptnccJJm.
Knapptrad
del"
Laiusch Huts. Komvalia iW,
^'i'oiiderkniid
Wimie
Jl viiucclno
Lavalle
corregela
OA liscro
Port. Cattutchiragumitalab.
Snerli Dan.
La
conisxa
La
coniza
coizaPort.
.
" Balsn coiwyve. Copaiba
boum
Copo]
Copiba Port. Cooaiba Brasil. Copaivatrare Dan,
; Mopskruid
! Wantaaaad
Koriander
LetlerbooM
Zectbym
ântz-zaader
J/echttTgras
^"ocljeboom
-Krmkruid
Melorrhia Arab. Madurt Dan.
II sebestn
Coriandre
H cori
Corisjwrrna
Cornucopia
corniola
,
Coron.Ua
EI sebeato
Cilantro
Hulda
Hierba
pinul
Corispcrmo
ElCornucopia
!12
Coronilla
Kroneurt . Kram 4Vnf.
**
E, m,Iano
AveM ^ ^ ^ 0rra hnt ^
Crambe marina
Uianc
Cuicfe
Crino
t'ritino
2'iflerano
CrotaJaria
Col marina
Espino bianco
Cuiete
Crino marino
Hinojo
Azafran
Crotalaria
jôrtusa
'empira
'lazelaar
'riboeboom
wedlHe
:3V<Ikruld
eekool '
ikblad
"''ilODrri
1,1ki44elboon
widsbloem
a'-ibasboom
aakleiie
'IST"
'imolaar
uisblad
II b
mk ,
"Coerde
rayn
^cboom
rbruid
*l>wm
k,;*brood
,('
J';svrught
gkruia
*iok
Jl uecii otencD
U
Comino
Cyjirewo
Colleja
Calabaza
Comino
Ciprs
1 'i'l.'iiniiie
Cinaneo
Carciofo
El sagft
ranjrercino
Cinanco
Alcachofa
Ktong
ies-khnk
"n'iuim
rgra*
Cinogloeaa
Cipero
La Vniebla
Arvore dos stimbrciros/'oj-/

Codrb. . Malab.
\ i >
Luudblomster
Dan
.onnii-paniia
^^ Part, li'zeia wietrzna Pot.
,Dl?,P?n
pockbladM.rf.
"n.ilak
l.ip.a do/'/.Brasilliijarischnik
Port. Tapiay,'w-
TW/. Nurrvala Matab
Korsblad Dan. S Swcd,

Herva traqueira
Port.
Skum-ncglike
Pepino
Indian.
lluss.Dan.Tjkwia
Ogorck Pol.
Pol.
Abobaraafirf.
Port.Kira
Kaltak
Pers. Ogurzi
'1 ikwaw.
CummhoPorr.
Timon/MS. Km\uPoL KummrnOnn,
Cvjresto/J7. Elhaniii,4/>.K\pnrlsiit>edcrewo/ui.
Al'angella-kua Matab. Ourgumeyfl .
Pawi Huss. Kaub przcdza Pol.
O sagciro Port.
Malab. Svinbrtid
SagutriecDan,
Paodeporco
Port.Todda-
GaJtcknapjieJiim.
Swed,
JdamwluiToPort,
HaivaiiPert.
ArmiidAui.PigwaPoj,
CiiianroPort.Hundcmordcr2)n.Hundsti7pareSir,f.
Artitschok Huss. KarciofPol. JErteskok Dan.
Lingua de coPort. Tscbcrednik Huss. FM teiik Pol.
Kam-exing
C'ipergra
lan. Dan.
Cipcrgrlle
Swcd. Swcd.
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
1
N. British or S>stiMtlc fnglUli Names- SabotdelaVierpe.orDcrVen^b.h
Ladies' slipper
Soulier de Notre
CypripMium ^"
Dame
per
Le
Dm RcUsklce
knauclfT
Cytiflus
Le cytise
(tactile
1566 - - go* CyYieus
Cock's-foot
grass
Der
(
)ctylis
L.
1758
Georgine
Fluteau
718
Cav.
859 ^lUma
Der Seidelbast
29+ Dtil/a
Damasmium
Laurele
Spurge-laurel
Dm stteichkrij'it
910 - - 322 X)phnc
Der techapa
La
2099 Bastard hemp
Stramome
Die robare
gil
Datsca
W.
Thorn
apple
La carote
376
134
2)afir/i
L.
Carrot
625 TrichAmanes
210
aicus
L.Sm. 2196
S84
Davlli
La dauphineile Der rittenpon.
192 DeeringKf . Br, 563 Celosa
Larkspur
Die
47 Delphinium . 1204
L'oeillet
Der ndtc
dipura
Pink
Dctame blanc
370
Dinthus
L.L. 1046
Fraxinlla
Die akadiietie
334
tctmnui
7
La
dierv'ille
91)4
Didjrmodon
Htdw.93.H0
Brfum
St- Peter's wort
Der tingerbut
170 Diervilla Tou. 477 Looicra
La digitale
Fox-glove
530
Digitalis
Z_
1355
Finger-grass
Le
sialit
52 Digitaria Seo. 143
Venuidie flieg1'
478
L. IV. 1214
Litchi
302 Dillnui
Diraocrpus
883 Longan
Venus's fly-trap L'attrape-mouche fangerin
a56 Dionee\j L,
1009
Igname
Yam
***"
838
L 2085
Bucku
plant
Le plaquennier Der
180 Divina Wnl.
517
Date
plum
Die
Itardendiitd
870
/Jiospyros
L.
2159
Cardere fouUon
^t'890 Diptivscium
Teasel
Das
SOB Buxbam/
Fuller's thistle
/Jipscus L. .V.)Ar2tf
this
Tonqiiin bean
Tonmiin
' ,
1 bois ded cuirir 1 lcderhr-1
-- - 604 D.pterix . 1518
911
324
1>Irea
L.
sfeu
Gemsenwuri
353
Hor-si-eye
bean
128
DodecAtlieon
/.
iloronic
1550 - - Leopard's bane 1
616
Dorstene
71t. /Jli-hos
DornicttmL. L. 1751
La
drave
57 Contrnyurva
Whitlow
grass
88 Dorsteni. L. 1405
Derdracbcobipf
Le
dragomer
Dragon
tree
544
riba
/,. L
Dracoc^phale
Zehrwurz
MB
Dracaena
774
Dragon's
head
Der sonwtithu
Draconte
510 DracoccphalumL. 17
Dragon
Le rossolie
2
racntium
X..
Sundew
Driaile
702
2.72 Drosera L.
1158 - - -
Ladrypi
454
/L.
L'echinopnore
Diau^'^-utt
687
- parsnep Sea-parsnep
Dorkl^"nU
2J8 Ditas
Dr?pis
Echinope
B24 Prickly
10
Echinphora
L. 1850
Globe-thistle
per natwrkoP
L'echite
746
/Tchinope
L.
La
viperine
413 - - Viper's bugloss
14(
12+ /-liltes
bdelliumL./
345 - - Lecabrillct
t, tw
mide<**f
ioSier de Bohme
g^ter^n.
340 Edwrds/ SaL 440 Sopkra
15290 Ehrti'a
L. /,
Oleaster
\js ganitre
Kla-Agnus
L.avoirJeeuine
4t8
Olive
wood
L'avoirasUUque
ut
180 Ebcocarpus
Elawii'ndrum Jac. 1'
alo
L'indel
Oily ialra
836 'late
ElVw Jac.
2077
- 79(1
/1**
Waterwort
3"848 EleAcharis
platine L. Tl. Br. ^
Spike
rush foot L'lephantope
124 Sclrpus
Elephant's
744 Elephant' pu* L. ISi) Cyiiorue
6S
Elcuslnc
Gae.
200
7( iliehrysum I'ers. 17^0 Xernthcmum
Byme des sables Sews?
880 Ellobocrpus 2181
grass
Ca'raarine
pie <**
72 tf'Iymus
t. L. 208 Black-berried heath Lyme
Crow-berry
Shrubby horse-tail L'uvette
82'!
tfmptrum
848 b'phedra L.
2115
Trailing arbutus L'cpigic
760
Epdndrum L. 1015
1^7 Vanilla
Willow
herb
3.^8
318 Kpig^-L.
Epilbbium L. WJ
Barreiiwort
Prt-lc
100
Epimtliuro
L.
Horse
tail
890 i'quistum L. 11
Live
grass
L'cranthmc
fiSis Eragr6stis
Btaup. 19749
Winter aconite La Wl*'
Eninthiiinum/i.r.
7/clUborus
488 Eranthie Sai. 1236 Ling
Ia vcrgerette
Heath
S04J?r,caL.
892
Der"'?1"
1 joncinellc
Loqiiat
SgfeWi Merlus
pipewort
76
Eriocalon
L.
2
Cotton
74250 Eriocphalus
1837
135
Heron'sgrass
bill
Eriphorum
L.L. 14(W
668
Erbdium
Hcril.
fen enffliw
Rocket
Did'"*
1436
55H
.
Lentillon
True bitter vetch Tare
1565
6J4 Erca
;B. rvura
L.
Ltm
L.
sp. 10421Gae. 1443 Condvlocrpua
Pnica"1
5~>8 &ucaria
Eryngo
fl;r.
210
Erfngiumi,.
Holly
Hedge mustard Le
L'erythnM
560
ffrf'eimum
T..
1424
Coral
tree
604 Erythrlua L. 1".J1
1120
TABLE OF
W feM l Ii* fgusaa, M
Dnech.
*,T
Ufa.* J*.*.V VnKho.
eCyl
I TurnL
iL
.
Zwart
-r*"t. peper.
522
peper_
*
TABLE OF SYNONYMES
folian.
Pantoffbla
Ctiso
dattilo
" aattijo
j,lirn,
u
i?* 11 472 ^ê^Poor
" plLa.
l^**
iTO V:
IS '- L '478SPPelbo.
i .ma
Poriuguwc, DanliJ
Orin1
Calcado de
poschki WO dactylo Port. Hva
" " - Damasonio Port
Porif.
-,
ueco
ElCtiso
dctilo
Stramoiiio
Carota
Speronella
u-ofano
""rano bja
Estramonio
tiiahoria
eg*
Digitale
Madreselva
D(jital
-
ûtcrdJolua
" "
. rtapW
-; ,5 : : . . *"
L
- "Sj )( Jfontrajcrva
"
!d ' DM" S* :- 5 5p"'r'>rte]

V Utlf - : S3- t Sgss?"
V* HOstekp iT, "
..i L ::-4
j
Dsaco
Cardencha
Doronico
Doronico
Contraverba
Draba
Draoo1
Dragone
Drago
urago
Dragocefalo Dragocefalo
r, .
Sedado, , B0e,ada
Echinobra
Echinofora
Echinopo
Ec'iinopo
Echite
Ecnite
Echi
~~ Ii***
"u,
'3 : : ;
vT
^ : " :
'.:;* m ^
--'
4 & :
^""Por,.
Ka
Pol.
CravmoForL
Gosdi
Dctamo uranco /*o.
Madresylva /*orr.
Digital fort Napcreto
fruta estrellada Port. ;
Moacapanha Port.
Oowhenotc maowa Otah
loto de Italia Port,
Cardo perneador Port. Si
,.ton.eoPo.
Contiaerva
PortGcede-ur
8,
Hu
.
"".
Drugoneiro PortPort Drag
Dra
nZS^'f
DragocetiluM,,,,
'..
btl
^^^^X
A roaeolina . Solnez.
Echinofora Port.
Tamara do matoPor/.Hmind
pe**^ê00"'8'"
""etdruif
'',
Eetramonia
Du
Mortow
Sss.Fori.March
15* ,
.^..^^^Waa,
gna.
Hierba
de lu
eoyuntur
J^p'lobio
[l'iinrdio
Equiseto
Erantemo
Erica
Epilobio
Epimcdio
Equiseto
Erantcmo
Brezo
Olivardina
Erioforo
Ervo
benticchi
Erioforo
Yero
Lenteja
farZE
?"dl,avreB.
\u.
. malma
rcynoPort
1CP"""'
KJr.ikM
Memecyio
Canada Port
Kiprv,
.da Karamuk
Tarta,
Equeto/'or. Mahoangcrf,
Erantcmo Port
r"",.*.J
Vf*
"Erven
^,kt f>< $>

: &
Erioforo Port AgeruldZ),. ,

LentilhaPort Tchethewi.a
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
( Engliib Neme*
FrenchN.
Dog's-tooth violet Le dent de chien Dor hundiuhn
to (70
L. u
7S2
. Red gum tree
n iambuicnbiuni
L'cucl
Erythrnium
Eucalyptus Hertt,
pLrV^delbauffl
Jainbosicr
.. Rose
apple
1
fusain
Abhraut
416
F.ugi<n;rt
L.
I"
Swindle
tree
L'eupatoire
178 unymus 7u. 1685
**w .
Hemp
agrimony
S"ort>
688
upatt>r/MW
L.
Spurge
i/cufraiec
1103
400
A'uphorbi L.I* 1348 - - - . Eye-bright _ Laiiscrole
Kl"Die
kugeln*"
526
La gcntianelie
DerWenitau
695
2b96 Euphrasia
EvlTuUii
L.
L-agalloche
280 -'xacum
!..
Le lagarier
650 Excscria L. 3117
Die buche
-- - IOS
Fagra U. 303
Le htre
995
334 Fagn/e
!
1997
792
Figus
L.
La mche
542 Farsea Turra 13772 lyseum
Dasrathenkr
Valeriana
Elephant
apple ,...UK
it Ftiw
La
frule
chwmiei
-- - Giant.fennel
gge
PearbniflMoen.
Con. 21*9
La
ftuquechelidon* Schwinge'
Kcigm-rsnunkel
668
Fescue.grass
S2U62 Frula
L.
LI
petite
Jffcinlum
182
Fcs/-rt
L.
Vilewort
Le
figuier
1232
flannculus
484 Fiearia .Dit.
Lacotonniirccom-
" "1
Fig
treerow
2167
Cotton
872
1838 Cudweed
742 Ficus
Filgo L.
Die^**"4*"'*
La flagcllaire
912 Fiesidens Hcdiv. 22*3 Dicrinum
Dashllr**
20
Flagellria
L.
mm
ia6i""-;La
fontmale
1586
Hedyearum
FlcrabUM llox. 2245 .
Water.moei
Le
fniisi
Strawberry
y12
Fontinalw
L.
La
fninquenne
Die m* .
1151
452
Fragaria
.
Sea
heath
Le frne
fr"10 .w DM
Dus **.
835 --- -- -88
Franknui
L. 2157
Ash
tree
KritiUaire
imperial'
Fritillary
8-
Fr.ixiiuis
L.
773 - - goO Fritillria
t.
Tans
F. tawrttUl L.
Deierdn*,
Varec
Sea
wrack
La
fumeterre
sp.
4513
k
Fumitory
9+6
F.cus L. r"w- 1507 Earth-smoke
et
246 ftaan*
Ven. 725
801 Agave
Ornithogalum
Perce-neige
876
G
ige
8eL
CUtria
Snowdrop
616
Galactia
.L. 1555
Galega
732
L-ortie morte de* toie
*
MS
(aLil.thus
Goat's
me
1591 Galcoc*.
64
Galiga
Dead nettle
pieuubt**1
1261
Legaleope
SOS 04*. M Commondeadnetlle Hemp nrtUe
DH .
Le
gaillet
UiMngourtan
Ladic.'bed..traw Bed-straw
Le
Mangosteen
. jaimin
]11U, du tap Digaria*
yy GMium
L.L.
79
.
Cape
jasmine
^
garidelle
394
Garcinia
467
Dergenip^""1
17'
L.
1053
Der p^r
38040 Gardfenm
Garidcl/o
"1 Tile-root
97
GeiMorbln'.
Ker 488
Genip
*
Le
genet
Der M
\T Oenkpa . 1538
_ Broom
La gentiane
010
Genista
L.I*
. Gentian
Deiswrtorba*'
etxt
202
GentiftB
.! Baetardcabbage
Malxis
756
Gcod.rura
Jac. 1888
Crane', bil tree w- 8 "niou
1517
oi
GeoifWya
W.
Old man's beard Benoitc'cmm"nE dS**"*1
578 Geruuum He, iw
1620
(
Geropogon
Z..
Avens
1155
Herbbcnnet
Dasgetom
Leglaycul
45-i G'um L.
kraut
Corn
flag
105
.
42
Gladiolus
L.
-
4xiO Glacium . 1169 Chelidomum
Olaucc
Black saltwort Le levier k trois
568 Sea milkwort
Ground ivy
194GlaixZ.
Deri,,,B .
10
- - 50
Glcchoraa
I~
2155
Three.thonied
863 Gletlitschfl L.
Laepines
gUnole
Acacia
Globbce
8S5E
107115 .- -- -Dancing girls
Globulaire
4066 Gllnus
picgl-'"nP
L, methon.qu
Gtoa L.Rosa
MadwortUly
2W Blue daisy
Superb
90
Globularia
L.
Glvcine
Kidncybcan
tree
783
.
270
Gloriosa
!..
Kigliue
. 618
L. . 15.
:"T
628 Glycine
GlycrrrhUa
1574 Qoapfaale
(riJI.II-tJ ?:t
1131
Everlasting
518
L.
1722
Cotton
698 Giiaphlium i 912 . weed
3<34
Gnldia
L.
Globe Amaranth L'amarantJiine pel
196 Gomphocrpue 587 sclepiaJ
H. Br. b.
194 Gomphrna
Smooth
lobloUy bay Le cotonnier
1870 Nettia
Cotton
754
R- Br 1*7*
Chaw-itick
La liane brle
- - 592 Goodyrn
QordbnM
EL
sr*
1481
Hedge
1
1> - gr&tiole
Die^S1
588
Goseipium
L.
8ti6 1 . L21*6
.- - pie
Anchovy
La
;grid
j .;43
QU
16
(ratiola
L.
Le
11*8
Lignum.vite tree Ia> gnyac
466 Gas
L. L.
1063 -.- - *
384
Grilum
. Goutt
I^guetlard
i
352
GiMj'icum
L. 993
Le bonduc
888
3U4
Gurea
L.
1981
Nicker
tree
78 OuctttnUi
L.J. 979
Yellow
bonduc
Le chicot dcC*>
S50
Guilandln
97
\eliow
750
tiymnad^nia Rich. 1858 OTchta
46OymnocldusZ.aj.209i
Guilandlna
1122
im
TABLE OF SYNONyMES
270 HonJeland
. .
ram
u cupuorbium
526
22898 Oogentroost
Kruipwimle
11 . .
8j0
Verblindboora
Ht Zaddboom
7t
354 Buikcboom
- . . .
26 S^rinkliaandkru.d
220 Dravilc
Holttok
4*46 Speenkruid
872
Vygeboom
742 Beurkruid
1^1**
.
'*. L* * *
*V loi '
' ** .
' *
' ' .1***" w

..
I*J^ Jw
.
Ul^J:
!
. P*** .
*' , ,1
I* *w
,
' ' '*
e-
"t
* T,..<
"-job"
*' 1
' . ' Si
& Cat"
^^^|-'*
, .'
j W
**
* "* j.1
' , ,.
4j
|3
.
a.
.
.
'
**
'
'
Oeelbloemige
\bkk,i,kruid
Galega
* 5 *K
V*
i ondsnctel
l*
Knoopige honda- Ortlca morta
Kr*
92 Wlu,tioo
Gaglio
^ 178
Galega
"
Ortiga muerta
Cuaja leche
...
***
^
. Siempre^
l4H,., , " t
Hegol.iia
Baplll
'
.
'
^
S
'j
"
...
" aJr rîri
Droogbloum
Gnwalio
Gnafalio
"
. '' : >
., ""W"
. . . ,nnlortal
:Ll 'gj
1 . ffl
V* '
la^
PanambuPort.
valli Aaem
MatalS
Fontinal
Murangueiro/Vr/.
Ftl-\oPort.
Jas
A fritilaria Port. Ilm,
Vil*
Tuco Port. Si iFinge*
Ja.
FumariaPur.
Gallega
* Por. Pestilent!
Ortiga morta Port. Ral
Calhaleite Port. Boich.
Cay deanh tau 0x46k*
Ginta /. Genista
Carnannhat,
Geranio/'ur. Camarinhcl
Sehuratelil
Cravoill.a Port. Grebnik
kn"'d
WSIelkkPiid
1t SUSAaard.eil
I** '
at-
...
F<.ntinalcFontinal
Fragaria
Fresera
Pramino
Fresno
Frillaria
La IrHilaria
Furo
Fuc
Fuminofiterno
Palomilla
. M>T . SS '
GinMtra
Jineita
.. *.
-*"* fi^
??
"
_
...
;"***
Geranio
Jercnie
. <**
S "fJ'baard
Geropogon
jJ*,,'/ 'j nageL Erba Uenedctta Ilera
" W *H* -^1*

' ' <
,
'
^
912 Fonteinmooa
*0A*nibene
8f
5 Kcuerskroon
Kievitabloem
^fcruy
Uuivekervcl
Iw.
Spa"'*'
"<._D"to
DentedeeaorC
.tai Ja - 4,..
u oontn.
Euforbio
Euforbio
Eupliorbio
/' ,/SWii .
Eupatorio
Eupatorio
/'(-f.
Eufrasia
Eufrasia
Euphrasia.Pur.OU
Esaco
hsaro
Ecaco Fort.
Fagara
Fagara
Fagara Port.
II faggio
ADjarmdiu,
faya Port.Schoki
BukA;
... La -haya
Valriane!la Cannigos
Baldcrjan . K<:
Ferula
Canaheja
Canafreeha Port.
Festuca
Festuca
Han.SiR
Celidonia
Ficaria
menor
Fico minore Higura
Flgueira
Port.
Tin
K!lt0M
'" l""'"',;kr""1
Sh . ut
Cotfjne
Gr.,iia
Gualaco
Algcxlon
OncMi
uavacan
Cam UuoCkMklDuba
ani .UoVoo. Uematlia
Perpetua roa Por.. Wad.;

ngai OKhuKh.
Mian. Chloptaclia ta]
tnwaita
QuaUooPorr. Bakaut/iiaa.
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
*"*
French.
or Systematic
Not. BritiOiSjiioitjme.
lo .
Graimnltis
878 Gymnogrmma 2171
U gypeophie
368
Gyptphila
t. Br. 10
Diebl
O'rcliia
L'hmanthe
752
Habenina
H.
1^
Blood flower
248 Hmnthus L. / African tulip
putainai***
Le
campeche
350 Hannatxylon L. 985 Campeachy wood Logwood
L'halesier
Dieballerie
Snowdrop
tree
1081
African fly hone; Lhallcr

1338
524 Halesm
HallnLL.
suckle
Die rauben*
'
L'hamamelU
630
ThunL. ^
Virginian Witch-hazel
104
Black
pistthia
Derepbeu
Oil
nut
Le
lierre
870
Hamiltons
2162
Ivy
Le
gndara
Dit
sali.
188
L.
Garland
flower
e Le
La sulla
Esparwi
2 Hedfchium .
gainloin
630 Hedj
sarum
L.
1
Sainfoin
. Oiiobrjchu X*
Willow-leaved eun- L'helenle
sp. 10597 L. 1755
71 Heleium
flower
Die
470 HeHanthemum 1198 Cietue
L'hlianthe
l)ic ertUpiEi
Sun flowerarti. Topinambour
, L. 1793 - 730 H.
Helinthus
Jerusalem
tubcrsua L.
choke
acrew
L'helictre
DernJiwt
-- tree
-- -- - Le
binai
....
Die mMfiWMBl
. 12439L
570
194 HeVicnia
J urnsole
L'hliotrope
Dfc Kunwfc
1466
Jb.
580
H.
Hellebore
Vbeilcbore
Die ninvuti
1446
i)hila
L.
.
L'helve
en
mitre
Der
faltemchiriniffl
558
Hur
_
325 Heliotrope
118
Heliotrop.um
L.
488 Helh'norus L. 1237
Daylily
L'hmcroralle
Die
2387
1014 Helvtlla L.
-* -- -- . L'hem'ioiiite
L'anemonehpatique Dergitterfim
Die
260
769
878
; UL. 2
ow.parsnep
La
berce
Das heiltnul
Anemone
480 Heptica Du.
Die stieldrf*
Hogweed
Looking.glasi plant
222
Heraclewm
L.
672
814 Hritire H. .
Dlebewj*
66
-
Thun.
2147
Musk
orchis
L'hemandier
Dai tnidiB
1868 0S>brye
754 Hermlnmm R. Br. 1WS
Jack
in a box
L'hcrniare
Rupture-wort
772
Hernndm
L.
208
Hemiaria
L.
*
Dl mt*
532 Herpes . Br. lo7 Gratlola
Evening flower La julienne
40 Heepcraiitha
98 '.
Kockct
L-heuchre
Hlul *
Dame's violet
548
Hesperts L. AT *
La
ketmie
DU*** -,
606
>4
Heuchre
I* 1480
L'ipcrvire
Hawkwecd
584
Hibiscus
L.
Hippocrepe
Horaeshoe vetch
1635
672
L.
Le mancenillier DernunieM
628 Hippocrpis U 1577
Manchinecl
Derhjuni
halWJ"
812 ffippmane L.
I/argoussler
Sea
buckthorn
I'essed'eau
kr,
Mare's tail
832fi ifipprie
L.L, 2058 Sallow thorn
L'hiftelle
Dai'î1"
Spurre
,
Houque
41
Soft
grass
DiegersK
174
Hirtila
If.
Holost
860
h. L. 2132
Kttone aquatique Die wM"
74 01
Holeteum
w"
Barley
Water-violet
72 Hrdeum
210
milfoil
128
Hott&n/e L.t.
5 Water
Der !*"
^bcIpias
|..
592
Houblon
Dir '
908
Huirme
.L. 2074
596 StapUe
Hop tree
Le sablier
Sandbox
834
Honratafl
814 L.
2035
Die btarintn
La Jacinte
Dcrrach'elchaw"1
6 Hutchnsin R. Br. 1410 Cardmine
Hyacinth
Hyo?na poison L'erhiace
28-4
819
482 /iyacnthu.1
Hynnche L.II. . 3375
2097
Hvdraste
1010
Hfdnum
LL. 1241 Yellow root
M'orene
Frog-bit
490
Hydrastis
Kirf^
.4'
pennywort
842
Hydrcharis
L. 2i659
208
Hydroctylc
L.
601
I,.h)'droph);le
204
Hydrttlea
L.
Brasnie
Water-leaf
e courbaril
bjuiB
490
Hydrop'ltis L. L 12)
S7S
Locust-tree
132
346 Hydrophi'llum
Hy' L m
Filmy leaf
886 Hymcnophjrllura 2203
Sm.
GjTanstomum
U jnsquiarae
898 Hyraen.:>etomura
Henbane
R. Brown L. 2220
Lc cumin cornu
Swine'8 succory Hvoserlde
136
Hyoscyamue
381
676
I**
tree 1, millepcrtu
104
Hypcoum
L. 313
GuilnnillnaMorerS Horseradish
HL John's wort
350
H'vperanthCra/ViA/
980
I/hypnc
Feather
656
Hypericum
1617
1 porceUe
914
Hfpnum
T.. L.L. 2251
Cat's ear
pe
w
L'bypoii
670
Hv|.ocha?4ris
1650
Diei^""
Hysope
254
Hypoxie
L.
750
Hyssop
L'ibcnde
4'>
/-/
1248
Candy
Wit
546 /bris L.
1412
1124
TABLE OF 5
1 .*
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
. .
Portuguese,
Da
Dulch.
WW+*L m
SSi
3< Oipaminner
imp van de Kaap
wtirKampechehout
G9Ie Hoope
24 Afrikaansche
kamperfolie
Utm
5:
I""" , m_
i
a
SS- "
BTA *
.1
'.mm
2. >
um *
-
.M
1
; : '
Perekatipole Bus
Flor de la eangre Flor do sangue p
Campecheeiro
peche
chett'ddSwcd.Pt
.188
Edcra
Hiedra
g-g , Sun.
" ta congola tsparwu
730 Zonnpbloem
Aardpeeren
01l
Gira!
Hcra.Porf.Bjcullu
Pipirigallo Port. E
SoelWomster^. 1
* Scbrocvcnboom
118 Zonnowende
Tornosol Port. Sakri

g
Holeboroor/.
Ny
roca
scirmga as*
terreetre
""10 - BST-* ---**
tella
SfoncUlio
Esiondilio
Canabraz Por/. Kuluj
Dagschoon
878 Oorvaaren
222 HciJiruid
772 .
V> :
-
,,
Tooncenna
Otaheite.
Milgranoi
HemiariaPart,
^
Hegpero
Hesperina Port. Natfii
Hibisco
Hibieco/*ori,
Hieracio
Hieracio
Port
Hierba
reduradela her- FerraUuriiia Port.
Mancanila
Espino amarillo Rakitnik Puss. Hartn
Ippuride
HesteruDipe Dan. Hast
Honninggra* Dan. Myi
Erba
lucciuola
Orzo
Cebada
I laatschie Listnik .
Lupolo
Hombrecillo Lpulo Port. ..
Barucc Indian.
281 Hyacinth
H
Riacirito
Jacinto
10lS**aaamm
JacinthoPorr. Hyacinth
Stechcririo
8\
Braadsvampan. Gadde
Sombrera deagua Liaguschnik Rust.
Xiong fuiig '
316 Oom lim boom
itaiba Brazil
* Damart
' . 5 gaben.

-"
812 MancMlUjcboom j
" A
6 Kaltauart
8? i gnthzaad
"
12 WMervioUm
"
8
'U
lia
[*
-**. Ml
?
ntSMtnU
S!
J?kmos
er-.
: : o"? \<
' - mu' 1
'
ltd
Eniiaria
Esperido
Ibieco
Ieracia
Ferro dicavallo
0;.!
itella
p-,
Pllatro
Isopo
Beleo
MeimendroPor/. 1
Zadorija
f'iirazoncillo Moringa
MolturadaPort.
Port. Swerobol
" ae' 1 Kongpciinc . Ver 1|
Ca,Ta>i,|Uo Kl"<W>rrt.
ta
43
1126
TABLE
BrtiiA or
-
Hulver wort
Whitloe
- me not
Touch
OF SYNONYMES.
Exiffb Le
hoax
"^
Holly
Paronique
Lebadin de U Chine Wr denuoi
w
Knot-grass
Aniseed tree
La balsamine
iiteiirt
Maiterwort
Indigo
Dcr&bnt
Otahcite chestnut L'inule aunee
Elecampane
Diemchterwinte
Le
Liresine
Die
iris
Derfirtarw
Flower de luce L'irii
Le pastel
Woad
L'isote des tang
QuiUwort
Le faux quinquina DerjuitischenodenbsuiB
DiejasioDe
Lajasione
Le Jasmin
Die "
Le medidnier
Physic
nut
OieffsJbu*
tree
Le noyer
Biel**.
Walnut
Der warJonc
.
Rush
Le
genvrier
itraucli
Juniper
DielMbbnsche
La
carmentine
Malabar nut
Zedoaire i ^
Galangalc
obrondes
Der***"
DerW
La
laitue
Lettuce
Lace-bark tree lagocie
PagjamiDrtp
Die uuboeJ*i y
Harc's-tail grass Lagon
DerSunnM*^1
Le
lamier
Archangel
Le cmara
Derrari0111
La
Nipplewort
Krebenbwo
Le milie
Larch
Le
laser
Laserwort
Bourbon palm La clandestine Dieschu^nwurt
Toothwort
1
gesse
Tare
Le
laurier
Laurel
La
lavande
Lavender
Lavatere
Tree
mallow
L'henni
Henna
bush
Wild rosemary Ldier
La lenticule
Dal'm5b,"'M
Duckweed
Queue de lion
DM
Lion's-tail
La
leontice
Der ItIi
Lion's
leaf
Le pissenlit
Dandelion
Lion's-foot
Dhcr.gT>"
L'agripaume
Motherwort
Laressoii
passerage
aleiwis
146 Ichnocirpu* B. Br. 414

M
L. L. 315
555
192 Hex
/IWcebrum
478
lllicium
L.. 1215
538
J84
Imptiene
<>
ImperatoriaLL.
GH lndigufera
854
P1"- toril.
_ 2Iii
\
3ft* Inocirpue
1744 714
J*Dula
L.
JX8 lonidium Ven. 541 FloU
138 Ipomeeâ
834
lrsine L.L115 - 44
/VU
L.iuA.
1430
552
1903 Epidindrum
760 /aitis
UochUu
. -Br. 2214
- - -
89448 Isoetea
L.. Br. 122 ScheeTiua
Ulepis
230
Prtes
80 lsopbgoo . Br. 1841 Bastard Jesuit's
744 L.
bark tree
54739 Mogorium
18812 Jasn.-ne
JasminumL L. 2033
Barbadoes nut
812 Jtropha^L.
m Hickory
- - - 1999
794
Jglane
L,
760
- - - "
258
./ncus
L.
844 Junperus L. 2113 18 Justicio L.
*7
4 Ksempferia L.
12
Klmia
L. Ven. 1011
366
1553
Glyane
Kenndia
618 Lactuca L.
1628
- - 909 Dphne
Jjigtia
J.L.
548
-. LagVia
153 Dead
L.
54 Lag"rus
1259
nettle
Lamium
L.
5t
L. 1312
518 Lant'uia
103 \
Lapeyrosi'a
1651 - - 678
2014 Plnua
806
Lrix
Sai.
669 - 220
Laecrpitium
L. 2109
846
Lainia
Com.
1339 Vetchling
524
Lathraâ
1558
SO
/.thyrus
L.
934 Bay tree
332
Lanis
L.
1251
498
LavandulaL.
1475
584
898 --- 316 Lavatm
Lawson/e L. 1012
358
Ledum
/>.
1939
- 772 Lmna L.
tR.Br. 1270 Phlbmie
506
Leonbt
28ti
Lentice !../- lt:i Piss-a-bed
670
Onapblium
700 Lcntodon
Leontopdium
R. Br. L.
506
Leonurus
552 epdiumL.
L. sativum L. 1428
sp. 9212
i/y"pnum
912
Lskeo
Coltea
26
Leascrt'aEhrh.
Dec.R- Br.157
192
Leetibudee/
561 Protee
830
Leucadndron
L.
2053
506
Labem
R. Schrte.
Br. 244
1*69 Phlmis
Dicxnuro
91S
Lecodon
2+8
/.eucojum
L.
Styphfelia
. Br. 733
401
144
80 Lcucop.gon
Lcucoeprmura
2j2 Proteo
.
Br.
188 Lightfot/ Hcrit 546 Campnula ,
220 X.igeticum L. 663
12 Ligetrum L. 77136 Frimprint
871 --- --- --- . ""1003
1359
plantain
/.. 1344 Bastard
532 I.iuiiiM'lb
Antirrhinum
Linaria .
r.u Linno/Vi
G
1292
/.lnum
h. I.. 2001
701 - - - *
798
Liuuidmbar
688
MoncA.
1515
Glycyrrh'ia
Liriodndron
JV.
me
478 Liquoritia
Lintern
R
Br.
1874
O^phrye
Aithofepvrmmn L. 330
L'arbre d'argent
Kivtolc
LoMge
I*rivet
Lily
Mudwort
Toadllax
Flax gum
Sweet
Liquorice
Tulip
tree
Gromwcll
dache
Trone
Lcli
Limeole
Limeoie
LcUmonellier
[ limoseile
La linaire
'uquidambai
La tulipier
regli*
Le
Lcgremil
DU
Da
Tler
Derj^guste
Ijmnii*,
Der "
Der!
TABLE OF SYNONYMbS.
'4
10t . .
IW Springzaad
sm
Meeeterwortel
Si i1- ' W Indigo
- - - .*? * A _
714 Oewoon alan
138 Trechterwinde
Iris
"S44 VerfWeede
!
; 89i Priemkruid ~
. fcW^
B84 Jasmyn
Schaapdimid
SIS Purgccmooten
, Dnlil
Uric,
Agrifoglio
Acebo
AzevinhoPort.
Wa.
- Btellato
- - Anie
Nevadilla
Anicc
de
la
China
hut-i
hiam
Chit
Balsamina
gialla
Balsama
amarilla
Melindre
na6
me
Imperatoria
Imperatoria
ImperatoriaPort.
Indaco
Indigo
AjuWnPort. HoucM
Enula
Hi Otaheite Buss.
Enula
Dewjatechik
Ipomea
Ij>omea
Ipomea Port.
Iride
Iris
Guado
Pastel
LjetnjakRuss. Sinilo
Br&ksnagrsSiccd.
Jaelone
El jazmn
Piones de
Nogal
Junco
El enebro
OJalone
jasmimPort.
Port.Monke
Jaemi
Pinhoee do Brasil Por
Qiunco
noce
Cay Hach dao Cochinc
**8 Geneverboom
JuncoPort.
II giiiepro
\ .- s
MoschewelnikTrostnik.
Russ.
18 Adhatoda
Wanaepala Maiab. Ad
* Sineeeche galanga
Katisula kclengu Mala
356
Skedtr^ Swed.
ftB Salade
Lattuga
Lechuga
Alface Port. Handibe^
'fSWldelomyn
Cuminho bastardofort
Ortica morta Ortiga muerta KargasinaPer,. Rasnoi
Cmara Brazil.
678 AlikeniioH
^mpsana
JLampsana
Brzoekiew poliia PoL
Lrice
Alerce
Listwenizaij.
Lerkd
Laserpizio
Laserpicio
laserpicio
Port. Laeeru
La
madrona
DentariaPort.bastarda Port
Ltiro
*g Lavendel
Lauricrboom
Ltiro
Ltiro
Alloro
*
Laurel
''"* |
Bobek
drzQvoPoi.
Dami
Lavetidola
Espliego
Alzemn
Port.
Lawendt
316
"
Malvaisca
Port.
- " '- <
Allienna Arab.
Ledo
Ledo
Bnguinik
Russ. RozmartoRj
- fc! =
Lenticchia
Lentejueala
lientillia
aquaticafw,'
d'acqua
I*.
g^l-e.taart
acutica
. :
Ii**
Aguavientos
* " - 'm .
: i- . ^
d.lkeo Amargn
Moloteha, p
Agripalma
Agripalma
Agripalmafort.Dikaja rn
Lepidio
luuikerg
Lepidio
CresctoiiB
Mastuerzo
Mastruo Port. Kreswij
gelsomno
ir " . ~
"^ZU.orboom
^Tydel^
...
3 .
5 : -
**** i*,
'
' * :-*
>:
. -'1' ^*
-'
^Lavaskruid
"*
Site
Leucoio
Leucoio
Lcucoo Port. Tzek viola .
Ligutico
Ligustro
Giglio
Ligustico
AIhena
Azucena
Linaria
Lino
Regolizia
Linaria
Lino
Regaliz
Lithospermo
44
Liguetico Port. Loestilk/)

AlfenaPort.
Lilieja Russ. IbataJan.
Lilia Pol Sch
Catutejeri-Narregam Afolad.
Linaria fori. DikolVindgrae
lea us.
Marislegrax/fe.
BadAr.
Lenfltts*.
Pol
Liquidambrero
Port.
Xochki
I^krycya
Old wife'sPol
shirt North Amer.
Aljfar Port. Worobicwa trai
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
Nos.
British
or
Systematic Englkh Nam.
French.
lo UenT. Synonymes.
Der strdluig
La litorelle
1967 Grass-leaved plan Shore weed
784 Littorlla LDie brdiralibluiw
flower Lobelie
DerjihrigeWcb
464 -tain - - - Cardinal's
166 Loblr'a L.
L'yvraie
207 - - - - Daniel
70 i.Lf>lium
L.
Rav-grasi
d'Angleperenne L.
terre
p. 1246 . Br. 245 Embthrium
Derbucbtenbrni
84 Lomfilia
La
lonchite
Dasgeibbtt
2192 Aepidium
882
Chvrefeuille
Honeysuckle
Der
schoiwkl
473 - - 170 Lonchltis
Lonicra R.L. S. 1601
Le
lotier
Bird's-foot
trefoil
Die
moodvwlE
646
Lotus
L.
La
lunaire
DeriibiriKhebsiHonesty
1395
Moonwort
648
LunkrU
L
Trfle
feuille
de
Bastard lupine
640 Lupinster PA. 1599 7Yiflium
Dienenklce
limine
Letupio
lupin
Lupine
1544
614
Luplnu
.
Dielycnnii
761 Jtoucm
258
Lixula
J5c.
Batchclors' buttons Lychn.de
1067 - 388 Lychnis Is
Wolbdom
Leitetet
Der *"
Box-thorn
450
156
Lycium
L.
1
vesseloup
Kolbenm
2443
Puff
ball
1054
Lycoprdon
Sir.
Le
lycopode
DerkrummbU
Club
moss
2212 Wlfl claw
892
Lycopadium
!..
Lvcpide
Wild
ougloes
S4455 -- Marrube aquatique DMfpartogrsi
124 Lyo'ipeis L.
Water-hurehound
202 Lycopiu
L.
L'alvarde
132 -Lyguro L.Stex. 2206
Der gelbe wlUeJ*
Snake's-tongue
886
Lygodium
Lisimaquc
Loose-strife
ll28 Lyeirrrichia
L. 356 Willow
Salicaire
Purple
willow
herb
1094 Osage
- orange
398
LithiumNut
L.
Dcrgurkcnbuio
1969
784
Le i
Evergreen
laurel1217 - 478 Macliira
Magnolia L.
Diemalpie*^'
leaved
tulip
tree
Le
moureiller
pasme
Barbadoes cherry
380 Malpigha I* 1054 Diemalve
La
mauve
MaUow
582 3/lva L.
M7S -
Mamei d'Amrique Deriwmajh""11
DerichUfsiw
tree
466
L. . 1190
1
Mandrake
154 Mamma
Mandragora
447 .7*000
Le
e la fleche
,, ,
Mango
tree
Herbe
5132 -- -1802 Mangffera
L.
Arrow root
Maranta L.Vahl
130 SchccTiui
Marrube commun DenreUsesn*"11
50
Afarlscus
Dasmutterlrsui
- Le
504
/R. L.Br. 1266
1381 Cheiranthus
La girofle
matricalre
Dm virgincrie
538
MatMola
1771
Mdolc
722
Matricaria
L.
krollkr"1
846 - 290 Medoto L.

La
luserne
Metlick
Lupuline
646 M.
Medicago
Nonsuch
luplinaL. I*. 16
per
Le cajeput
geSssnie .
. 10898 L. 1610
Der
Melaleuca
Der ..M-iicciie
Le
mlampiro
740
Jfelampodium
L.
1828
Cow
wheat
520 Jielampyrum L. 1315
American goose Melastome
364 Melstoma L. 1039
berrytree
L'adarac bipinui
Bread
Hlianthe
352
Mella
L. L.
Honey-flower
1
mlique
bleue
514
Melianthus
Melle
gnus
Le mlot
knipicrcommun
bijugue
193
66
Mlica
L.
Honey
berry
Le
302
Meliccca
h.
kite
Melilot
640 Jtfeliiotus . 1598 Trifolium
La
mlisse
Balm
1278
Le melissot
508 Melittis
Melieaa L.L.
1280 Calamint
Balra-lcaved arch510
Le cornouiller de
angel
Zeylsn
322 itfcmcylon L. 908
Menispenne
pie mn"
Moon
seed
844 Menisprmum L. 2100 Wendlndse
La
menthe
Mint
Meoiante
500
Afntho
L,
1254
Buck bean
130 fcnyntbes L. 362 Marsh trefoil
La mercuriale
gJJ5*1,
316 Menzlsie Sm. 893
Mercury
840 Mesembrynthe L. 2088
Fig marigold
430
1146
mum L.L.
ass**.-*-"
424 Mepilus
1 _;
216 .
Lepillairel
1218
480 Michlia L.
72 Microchlba
Br. 211
RottMlbe
196
Microlbma R.R. Br.
578 Ceropegia
Le itit
744
Micrbpus
L.
1839
". Millets
52 Jtfilium L.
141 -2S3
Protee
1
82 Mimetee
Sower Mimulc _
8.H
Mlnibsa L.R.L. Jlr. 2124
BSS1351 Acacia
Bastard fox-glove Monkey
28
Jtfraulue
Mrvel"ofPcru:' *
32
Mlmueone
L.
118 MIrbHU Z.
Der**
S68 IfoBhrlngia
Mitiii t. L. KU!
Mountain chick.
3S1
920
wccd
.
Moluglne
Molucca Ulm ln>'ucdlt
XToUgo L. L. 1271
225
60676 Molucclla
11S8
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
Dutch.
7&4 Oovergra*
. \
1129
Litoepcrmo
LogJio
IlMadreselva
loto
Lunaria
Lupino
Licuide
Licoperdo
Licopodio
Licopo
Liimachia
; *2 MaankruU
"Vygeoooi,
WlcbiU,
sa*
52 Nootgnu
Sit
478 - .
Iferbadoikenen
Malva
^"nmeboom
APPeWra.,gci,d Mandragla
mu*
130 Mngasbooa
Marrobii
Matricaria
722 MaartcJ
Hppige rupiUave,
Malampiro
B'haergrM Axedarac
0 Melote
Meliloto
g Meli
Ii-"
ngelkruid
iddagbloem
16 "eerwortcl
Menta
Meniante
Mercorella
Ficoide
Nespoio
Meu
Eecurripa
Joyo
Cardealina Port.
Kl loto
Lunaria
Altramuz
Cruces deJeru.
"aleraafricano
Efpino
-bicoperdo
Licopodio
LiCopo
Albardin
Salicaria
Madresylva Port,
^ "^ -- 4m
Cru, de , ,,
^sssstssssstr- -*
,
Malva
Mandragora
MamoeiraPort
Koldunowafr.,.^,. . Pokrzjt.ielc/U
. ivh iiuie ro,
Mangudra Port . Can xu Cain. PoJam.
Marrubio blanco MaroyobrincoPurt. Marrub schandra .
Matricaria
Martina ziele Pul. Moderurt Dan.
Mielga
Medicagem Port. GunscbaPer. Snegleklcver Dan.
Caju-kelanJava, Cay flam Codunck.
Trigo de vaca Trigo de va Port. Pwan Htt. Koehvede Dan.
SkHlledaSwed.
Fruta
Gralha Port. Muiva Brasil. Kadali Malab.
cinamomo
Amargoseira
Port. Znzalacht Arab. Jussura Jap.
Flor de miel Juki no feto Jap.
Blaaetoppet granon.BlaacbuQkeMirui.BlAslok^v'.
Meliloto
MclilotoPort TschimaeuP-*. Grctscha dikajaifttii.
- - .VIe,lMa . Melisa Pol
-_.1 tVbMtarn. Art. ViW higS^ Sjuvo
WaJikaku Cty.
Mercurial
N.Ficoide
Mercurial Port. Proleskafftr

"" JMpUntetai. JartiW.
- - - Hapuphaha fty. Hua u nam Cochinck.

* S'^npoot
Hinein
Gramigna
liara mig.* Mijo esparcido
Mimulo
Mimulo
pior di notte" Maravillas de"
RuiRblo
noche
eachi"ig muur
^Wbbd
3IoIukje
Momordic
Momordic.
Leonpodio
do reyno
Mijo esparcido
Port. Port.
~
MimuloPort,
Klengi
Malab. Munamal Cev. Kaukl 7
Momordic Port. Balle* Arab.
TABLE
uso
Nof. BrltlABjnoejom.
or SyitemaUe
Pap
toOenera.
808 Momilrdica . 0> - ;
76MntiaI*
23*
496
174 Mornda L.
782
Mbruf7.
jg
464 MuiitngM L. "* * ; !
55264 Mygalfirus
Myagrum LA. 1431
JgJ -* 326 Afyoebtis L.
707 23V L.
830 3/yrlcaL.
790
Myriophfllum L. 2055
1987 -
850
L. W
212 Myrintica
Myrrh* .
6 -"
870 itfyrstoe L.
2160 ss8 s**-* ;
240 Narcissus L.
711 &%Sm**-&
538Na.WrUumR.Br.iai3 Sisymbrium
.
*
.
..
.
'_.
OF SYNONYMES.
English N*niDer balsamipIti
Male balsam apple
Oswego
tea
Le
Yellow bird's-nest
Die garito
Montie
Chickweed
Dermautbrbaum
indUoi*1*
Indian mulberry Morlnde
Der >!1
Le
mrier
Mulberry
Calabure soyeux Der pilan? .
Le bananier
Plantain
tree
Jacinte
botride* DtetnabenbyiOD
Der kimioiter
Grape
hyacinth
Gold of pleasure La camline
Mouse-tail
cu M
Buckwheat
Scorpion grasstree
Daimsuiecbtiepionne
Queue de sourii
Mouse-tail
Derchenvachsbiuia
redertoU
Candleberry-myrtli Le
Le drier
volant d eau Der
Die
Water-milfoil
Le muscadier
Nutmeg
Die
sfritan'**
Myrrh
Myrsinc d'Afrique
Die
myrte
Lemyrthe
Myrtle
Dieiurcifc
Narcisse
Le
DiibdubrKbP11
Mat
grass
Le nard
brise-osserre
Lancashire
Die
brunnfo^f
DcrmorgeMto11
Water-cre
L'erablc afeuille de
frne
Sacred bean
per lunnen"*0
Die nepui
Nepenthe
Pitcher plant
Chataire
Catmint
Der oleander
Rambutan
Oleander
Deitsbsk
Halberd weed
Le tabac
Tobacco
La
nielle
per
Fennel flower
Nitre
Salt tree
864 Ncgundium Dec Sil

Cyaniue
1215
476
1346 Antirrhinum
626
Nemesia Y.J. 2121
850
Nepenthes
L.
Nep
48
- W.
w 1-J4!)
1971
786 Wpeta
Nephlium
Rose bay
411
6M
136 Sotena
Nlcottie L.A-.in
-lV
1209 Devil in a bush
476
Niglla
396
NitniriaL. Br. 1090
82
Nivne
880 Nothix-hlafna 8177 Acrstichum
. - - itDUlrfs* Br. . Br I3S5 frysimum
Yellow water lily L'arbre
540 Notceras
triste
Die le***
A'ymphaV*
Le nenuphar
per
-.
1176
46412 A'phar
S.
Jasmnum
38 Water rose
Water lily
Nyctanthes Neck.
Le tpelo
DieocheraW
Tupelo
462 Nympha
NiI. 1174
8161
870 Nyssa L.
Ocre
PI*.
620 Ovchrus Pert. 1559
Basilic
Dendrobium
Oenanthe
Die uscb'aie
762 Octomra R. Br. 1913
Water
dropwort
- parsley
- "
510
'
L. 1281
L'onagre
632
Wild
Evening
primrose
212
ffiniillic
L.
Du*901
Broad-leaved
S18 nothra L.
primrose
Olive
, . L'olivier
Venue's
navelwon
32
"
lOOleaL.
337 CynoglosRuni
L'orcanette sensible ssss
122 Omphalodc* Leh. 1895
758
Oncldium
Sua. 2178 Epidendrum
Osmnde
&
Best
harrow
880
Onocla
L.
1541
Cammoclc
lorcanettejauw
612
Ononis
L. L. 1666 Woolly thistle Cotton thistle
684
Onopordum
Langue de serpent
ISO Onsma L.
Adder's tongue
8 Ophioglssum L. 2209
Racine de serpent
Snake's beard
Snake root
Opliiopbgon
Ker. 790
pois de couleuvre
272
406
Ophlorhlxa
L.
Snake-wood
144
Hard
- - Bt
Ophixylon
L. 2152
Ophrise
212 Rottboll
Insectgrass
orchis
Ophiarua
Beau.
1866 - - Dogstones
Aphrys
L.
s*
1859
Marjoram
(Orchis
L. L. 1274 - - 7.71
Origanum
506
Cymbidium
Star of Bethlehem OrnlUw1",
Onuthldlum
Sal.L. 1902
760
802 -- - Bird's
foot ash Tj. frne ""
27 Ornilhgelum
Flowering
1578
Urolaiiche
Ornthopus
L.
69 Strangle-weed
iYaxinus
Broom
rape
(mu
Pera.
L'oroW
1335
Bitter
vetch
Orobnche
L.
52*
Floating arum L'oronce
-.L. 1557
618 O'robua
756
Orutium
147 PAnicurn
Orthopbgon
I.raonae
Rice
Charme il Irlu d[
Oryza
L. I . Br 2205
837 -- - *
King fem
Osmmla
houblon
Hop
1995
Crpnus
O'sirya 3i>,
Ut" '
Foci's
i Osyris Latn. 2051
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
1131
80g Balsc.nappel
35 Europische bladJoos
76 Bronminnende
montia
174 Braaraboozenhoom
S Sas*""
SMPilang
Lungrt Swed.
Minarte Tand-arve Dan. MontiUrt fe*
Coda-piUva^ Uaocond^^. /.
M<*
-
Moral
Bananas
Jacinto
Miagro
BôA RKhlbSa,. KrowWW .*
118 Kruidig muiaenoor Oreccblo di topo

* Cordaditopo Cobderaton
IjSS*
- - .
Nooten Noce- -" *I6 Myrtiifl
S! Narcis
* Beeubretiend
^Banbdbooin
Mirto
Narciso
Nardo
Anterico
Mirto
Narciso
Nardo
Anterico
flrago o
Berro
Gattaria
Oleandro
Tabacco
Nigclla
Adelfa
Tabaco
IS . "
5*i Ploapen
" " Neuuiaro
1(.
Kaliacne erwt
-Drui,ebloem
Jwoejaarige
Nenfar
Tapizot
IM Oleander
156 Tabak
*J?gelle
"* ^petentniik
OUto
"nS*0** M^cho..JW Ogonki
Ankacnd. c*. Myrter*. Myrten
Bandura
Cry.
Kurka 4.
LoendroPort Tifia rab Oleander Dan. S Swed.
PetumeBrazil. Tamaka/new, Taboc Iiuis.SfPol. 4c
Nigelia Port.
Pol.Sugak Turcoman.
Solotucha
Rust.Ozarnucha
Dieeengirziele
KtrgU.
NcekbladtristePort.
Swed. Lekuta
Arvore
ManjaBokern.
pumeram
Naufar
Egypt. Wodiaioi
lelei
Vitus. Malab.
Idegeo Sarga \1^ 2)mSejtun Arab. Oliva . Oliwne draewo Pol.
Ononide
uetene-buey Onopordo
Reetaboy Port
Russ.Oeet
Lisipoyloczny
ogon Pot. PoL
Onopordo
Onopordo
Port. Igliechnik
TatamikRuss.
Baranneijaazik
Run. Tamb Kirgia. Trgaatratzel
Hang.
Lingua
de' serpentePCT/.SlangetungeI)an.Lketunga
'
tina serpen Lengua de sierpe Lingua
Redice di serpe Rais de serpiente Hampaddu-tanal) Malay.
Who di serpe Li serpentino Rail de mongoPort. Ekawerya Ccy. Slangetra?c/J*i*
Ofri
nW"
Ofrio Port.
Ophris
Orchide
M*Kgiorana Orchis
Mejorana
Mardakraj Arab. Maeran Russ. Maicran l'ut.
Ornitogalo
VoKe.poot
Omitogalo
Ornitogale
Huas.
Piede
d'uccelio Serrudilla
P
de paseare
Port. Fuglefod Dan. FogetfotSicca.
f*euwetaart
Orneiro
Port.Lverumpc
Orobancfae
Ten
Orobanca
Zaraza
PoL
Dan. Skierflro Swed.
->ryTendbuftTOet Otob0
Orobo
MuseerterDan,
<y
1'fliaaruche
Ovaren ink *un<U
Sf? "
Arroz
Arroz Port. Dechjawat Ind. Ptecheno Russ. Ryz PoL
Osmunde
i^.in ",eJu*Carpinone
Carpe
CarpePorl. AeadPert. Gi&bRmst.S(Pol AvcnbbgDan.
Vle osyria
Retama blanca Maiuaku Jap.
l Witte *'egdistel
1 îereuJc
A(lderstong
Slani'enwortel
Si!UWcnhout
"fweeblad
^nddkruid
Mariolein
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
EnjjUsh NameSurelle
Wood sorrel
384
O'xalis
L.
1065
172 Uxynthus
Dec. 906
489 Gardnia
Lacanneberge
Cranberry
U
Oiycccu Pert.
Paccnium
1593 strgalue
636
Danade ftide
152 Oxftropie
Pasria L.Dec 439
La pivoine
Pa?ony
Pmbnia
L.
1202
de Christ
Christ's
thorn EpiM
Pali'.rus Tim.L. 712
505
Narcisse demer
Sea
daffodil
Pancriitium
1
baqiiois
Screw
pine
Pandnus /..L. 2041
Le
panic
Panic
144
BS Pucum
Le pavot
Poppy grass
Papver Tua. 1170
. 118
48 Pudiothiu
La paritaire
Pellitory
Panetera
Pariictte
True love
Paris
t. L. L. 2137
929
Le genet pineux
Parkinsuia
976
960
Fleur du Parnassus
Grase
of
Parnassus
S28
Pamisia
L. h. 1840
694
Bastard feverfew Parthene
744
Parthenium
Le
]ipal
52
Paspalum
L.
139
La
passerine
Sparrowflower
wort
S24
Passer,na
L.
914
La
grcnadille
Passion
564
Passiflora
.
1459
Le
Parsnep
Lianepanai
persil
S22
Pastinca
L.
671
Supple Jack
328
Paulli/ua
Schum.
923
100 Pavtta I*
290 Ixra
Pedate
24 Pcdiiura L. 1331
La pdiculaire
Lousewort
628
Pedicularia
L.Neck. 1349
Slipper
plant rue Harmale
406
PediKinthus
1104
Wild
Syrian
96
/ 1088 Geranium
Stork's bill
pellette aUiairc
i68 Pganum
Pelargonium**461
4452 Peltria
L. . 1*03
Pennieftum
135
St
Helena
red
wood
580 Pentaptes L. 1468
384 Penthorum W. 1062
514 Pentstmon
696
Pntx Thun.W. 1297
1719 Chelono
Tanacfctum
Water purslane Pplidc
SSSPplii/.
836 - - Pcrgulaire
716
Perdlcium
Dec.
1752
Penile
198 Pergulria L. 590
602 Perilla W.
1255 - - Virginian
silk
4*W
194 Periplca
L.L.
574
-- Guinea
benweed
E96
Petivr/
865
White
wood
tt
Petrbium
M4
Pctrocliie R.R. Br.
Br, 1709
1404 Draba
PeucedaneJudas
80 Petronilla
Sulphurwort
H22
PeuccdanumR. L.Br. 229
670 Protee
Hog's fennel
Jew'a
canvetch OrciUede
Phaque
.
1016
Petiza
DiL
2390
...
Bastard
Alpiste de Canaux
UtiPhca
L. L.
1592
Canary grase
58
i
.
iris
168
Morel
1D22
Phallus
409 ...
Beard
moss
Haricot commun
896 Phasulua
PhecumMx.L.L. 2217
- beans
Kidneybean
614
1547 French
La cirutaire des
Water
hemlock
214Phellandriura. 636 - - Lemarais
seringat
Syringa
414 Philadelphias . 1114 Mock orange
Flolc
de* prs
19258 Phlum
PhilxerusL. Ii. Br. 553
Gomphrfcna
Cat's-tail grass
165 Timothy
grasa Jerusalem
sage Phlomidc
506 Phlomia U
1263 Le phlox
Bastard Lychnis Lychnidea
132 Phlox
L. L.
Date
palm flax Le dattier
2049
828
Phoenix
New
Zealand
823
86
Phnnium
L.L. 2<27
810
Phyllnthus
Bastard hare's-ear phyllide
Coqueret
617 Alkekengi
PhiIiis
L.
Winter cherry Laraponcule
156
Fhfnlil
L.
Morcllegrapp
466
|163
Phyteilma
L.
poke
caloloe
390
Phytolacca L.R. Br. 1071
59 Mountain
Stapl/e
202 Piarnthus
picride
Snchussuccory
668 Picrie
Picrldium
1626
672
L. Pers. 1961
1634 Yellow
pillaire
/rtlca
782
Pilca
Lindl.
Pillwort
Pepper grass
894 PimpinUa
Pilulhria L.L. 2215
Burnet saxifrage Boucage
12
635 Anise
Orassette
LeP"?
w
20 Pinguecula
L 901 Yorkshire aanicle Butterwort
Pine or fir
Le
poivner
02
Pnus
L.
Le
boisivrant
Pepper
28
Piper
L.
77
pistachier
1521 Turpentine tree Pistachia tree Le
Piscda
L.L.
Pois
*
Pistacia
so.;-
Pea
Plantain
620
P'isum .
1560
Plantain
Le
platane
96
Plantara
L
278 Button wood
Plane
798 Platanua
9002
Flat peatree
61U Plectranius//tTi.l282 O'cymum
1132
Derwueree MMi:
Die
Die
Der
Christdora
Die
Dupanikgru
Der moho
Das
gUA"'
Di
Der einbecre
Uehbrhtep^
ilerbaum
Dai
einbbtt
Die
Da
paimeniira
Der vogdfcf'
Die
"*"
Diepastinte
DieaimitHi^
Pas Kbeibaknui
LVr scharbchnAB*
Die iun&pioe
Die lipfdblume
Die Indlim1
gin**"
l)ie
moni
Diep11"
Der ral
'
tum "
wpfff
Da W
Deip"11
DiccrW
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
B4 Klaverzutiring
!20 \
M Senkende
bessen knap.
72 PwMiie
* i rosnareis
- Panik
Maankop
2 Glaikruid
^w Doombremboom
Wolfsbezie
3* Pamaskruid
-Maagdeblotfm
Ht 1Kajpgrae
awerina
** Pinsternakel
âssiebloera
8 St'heelkoorn
Praatjes
lAkruid
Hannel
Schyaad
use
Portuguese, DanUh,
Rouinn,
(trenla),
o otherPotLih,
,
Kogannc gusa Jap.
Saitschaitschawel
Olukwa Ruit Tranbar Swed.
Fakobokon,
Feifuri kadsura, Kusa panja Jap.
Peonia
Peonia
PconiaFori.Thuocduoc.Pionnaja
rosaRun.
Paliuro
Paliuro
Giglio
Amores mi* TaUten-gatch Tart.
Kaida
Malab.
Cayjua
Cock.
Kadi
Arab.
Pnico
Panizo
Proeo Rutt. $PostInd.
Pal. Panikgnes
Dan.
Papavero
Adormidera FapoilaPort.
Rust.SfPoLValinueDan.
Parietaria
Parietaria
ParictariaPw,
NocidxienPoi
Uva di volpe Ubae de zorro Parisetta
Port. Woronei
glas tat.
Parnasia
Parnaea
Parnasia Port. Perelol trawa Rute. Jednoltst Pol.
Mierdacruz
Granadiglia Granadilla
Pasaioneblomster
Dan.
Passionsblomma
Pastinaca
Pustarnak
Rutt.
Pasternak
Pol. Mal,
PastinakSwed.
Dan.
Cururu-ape
Brax.
Kaka-toddaly
Pavatc Cet/.
Malab.Malab.
' Chin.
Patiraja
Cey. Pavetra
Kaki-mutlu
Pidocchiera
Callanto
Piolheira Port. Luusurtire.
Harmala Port. Horoaia routa Ruts.
Alleluia
Oasicocco
Vyfpunt
Kleine
tnuurmoera*.
i'atryskruid
L"itrIbloem
>liNgerpiant" "
.- J
Aleluya
Vacernia
gunosa la.
Sjuaia Afaiab.
~
* *- - JJ" muon,
FJ ei than Chin.
Xta.
>
** aodam Tart. $ Kahn.
laairatren
udskoor
ootpcul
lorilje
;iafttmoos
"bebe boonen Paginlo
Fsoles
'aterkervei
Felandro acu*.
^tico
elriekende
phL
'adclphuj V Siringa bianca Geringuilla
ê.doddegras
vitlkruid
Aguavientos
"
aelboom
Palma dattilifera Palma
''
SS3f"w* Alchechengl
neje
Alcuequenjo
1
Hapunculo
Pwnta
lacea Hierba
carmin
"kruid
Pilularia s Pilularia
ncnkruid
bevernel P'mpinella
i- Pimpinella
-rblad
blanca
P'iguicola
IIPepe
pino
r
ElGrassila
pino
Pimienta
'"''boom
AIfocigo
Arce
Pesolee
Pltano
Feija Port. Torok mame Jap. Bobii turczkicRut*.

Fozoli Pol.
Krussykamicn-siele
Pol. Stkra Sired.
PhiladelphoPort.
Tschubuschnik
Ruts. Hvit schersmin Swed.
Arjants
Ruts.
Donhammergra
Dan.
Wetrcnaja sapja Ruit.
Palmeiradeigreja Port. Nachl Arab. Palma Pol.
MiachnunhaPort.
Ruts. Boborcika Boh.
Rannculo
Kalalio
Surinam, Rapunzel Dan. ,y Swed.
Libbffijn Arab.
Pilularia Port.
Pimpinella
branca Port. Bedrenez Ruts.
Grassetta
Port.
Si.i4i.-i finas. Vibet-De. Tet'rt Stred.
Piinenteira Port. Pilpll Pert. Perei Rust.
AHostigoPort
Port. Wan
FietukJap.Arab.Goroch Ruts. Groch PoL
Ervilhas
Knmasch
Pert.
Uschik Rust.
PoL Georg.
Pltano Port. Tschinar
Run Babka
Tschandary
- --
- -
- -
1134
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
l, '...":"
Page
758 Pleurothllis R.Br.1894

118 Plumbago L.
324
148 Plumiria L.
415
66 Poa L.
196
342 Podalyria Lam.
948
460 Podophyllum L. 1166
-- - Sophora
May apple
756 Pogonia R.Br.
1879
Arethsa
908 Pohlia Hedw.

350 Poincina L.
132 Polemonium L.
2239 Bryum
254 Polinthes L.
977
English Nam-
German.
French.
Epidndrum
-
Dentelaire
Red jasmine
Meadow grass
Le franchipanier
Der rothe jasmin
Paturin
Viehgras
Duck's-foot
Cesalpinia
370 Jacob's ladder

747
-
Bleywurz
Leadwort
Poincillade
Entenfuss
Derpfauenschwans
Greek valerian
La valriane grecque Das speerkraut
Tuberose
La tubreuse
Die tuberose
876 Polybtrya H. & B.2168 Acrstichum

74 Polycrpon L.
221 Linum
602 Polygala Tow.
1508 Rattlesnake root
270 Polygnatum Desf 789 Convallaria
326
878
56
910
Polygonum L.
Polypodium L.,
Polypogon
Polytrichum L.
921
All-seed
Flhkraut
Polypody
Le persicaire
Le polypode
Dertpfelfarren
Great golden
La perce-mousse
Dashaarmos
Poplar
Le peuplier
Le pourpier
Die pappel
Der portulak
Purslane
Purslane tree
Pond-weed
Redshanks
2175
154 Agrstis
2241
-
Le polygale
Die kreuzblume
Le sceau de Salomon Dieweisswurz
Milkwort
Solomon's seal
Persicaria
maidenhair
754 Ponthiva R.Br. 1872 Nettia

840 Ppulus L.
2087 Abele tree
30s Portulaca L.
228 Portulacaria Jac.

106
432
790
88
512
670
126
286
80
512
422
1091
692 Claytonia
Potamogton L.
Potentilla L.
Potterium L.
Pthos L.
Prsium L.
Prennthes L.
Primula W.
Prinos L.
Protea L.
Prunlla L.
Prnus Tou.
P. Armenlaca
P. Crasus
P. Padus
416 Psidium L.
638 Psoralea L.
100 Ptlea L.
882 Ptris L.
317
1153
1990
252
1288
1630
2190
350
828
Cinquefoil
Burnet
Hedge-nettle
Wall lettuce
Le potamot
pimpienelle
-. . . .
.
Condrille des murs
La primevre
Apalanche
Das saamkraut
Das fnffingerkraut
Die pimpernells
Anhngsel
Dienesselstande
Die mauerprenanthe
Die schlsselblume
Die winterbeere
Der silberbaum
Primrose
Winter berry
Self-heal
Plum
Brunelle
Prunier
Apricot
Cherry
Bird cherry
L'abricotier
Guava
Legoyavier rouge
--
Shrubby trefoil
Trefle bitumineux
Derharzklee
Brake
Fougere femelle
Dersaumfarren
Lungwort
La pulmonaire
Le grenadier
La matricaire offi-
Das lungenkraut
Der granatbaum
Das mutterkraut
231
1286
1129 Crasus
-
1181
1597
298 -, -
Female fern
122 Pulmonaria L.
.338 Bugloss cowslip
420 Punica W.
11:7 "......S. -
722 Pyrethrum Sm.
1770 Matricaria
362 Pyrola I,
424 Pyrus L.
1022
1133
L'arbre d'argent
Le cerisier
Leputiet
- Pomegranate
Feverfew
Dieprunelle
Der pflaumenbaum
Der aprikosenbaum
Der kirschbaum
Die traubenkirsche
Der kujava-apfel
cinale
P. Malus L.
sp. 7090
354 Qussia W.
794 Qurcus L.
364 Quisqualis L.
132 Ramnda Mx.
174 Rndia L.
Winter-green
Apple
Der apfelbaum
Quassi wood
Bois de quassie
Die quassie
Oak
Le chne
Die eiche
Le quisqualier
Der sonderling
Renoncule
Dieranunkel
Raifort
Derrettig
Le boislait
Le rsda
Gaude
Die reseda
Derwau
Der birnbaum
-
1002
.
2000
.
1028
374 Werbscum
49) Gardmia
-
556 Raphanus L.
1443 Charlock
426 Raphiolpis Lindl. 1136
441
1102
Dyer's weed
486 Ranfunculus Bauh. 1233 Buttercups

154 Rauwlfia L.
398 Resda L.
R. Lutola L.
Das wintergrn
Pyrole
Lapoirier
Pommier
Pear
Crowfoot
Radish
Indian hawthorn
-
Mignonette
-
sp. 6658
828
176
334
318
Restio L.
Rhmnus L.
Rhum L.
Rhxia L.
2047
50.3
938
900
..
ass
Buckthorn
Rhubarb
Virginian soapwort Quadrette

Yellow rattle
Cocrte des prs
Die ankerblume
Derhahnenkamm
Alprosen
Le nerprun
Rhubarbe
Der kreuzdorn
Rhabarber
524 Rhinnthus L.
1340 Cock's comb
414 Rhipsalis Gae.
1112 Cctus
358 Rhododndron L. 1014
-
Dwarf rosebay
Le rosage
224 Rhs Tou.
Sumach
Lesumach ordinaire Der sumach
Currant
Le grosseiller com-
48 Rhynchspora
Pahl
190 Ribes L.
681
120 Schoenus
550
814
626
442
22
94
450
R. Grossularia
Ricinus L.
Robinia L.
Rosa Tou.
Rosmarinus L.
Rubia L.
Rbus L.
R. Idae"us L.
202
sp. 75.24
n:
L.
846 Rscus L.
# Rta Tou.
30 Sabbatia Adan
74 Saccuarum L.
106 Sagina L.
Die Johannisbeere
inun
Gooseberry
Le groseiller pineux Die stachelbeere
Palma-christi
Locust tree
Rose
Rosemary
Le ricin ordinaire
Acacie commun
Le rosier
Romarin
1149 Blackberry
-
Madder
Bramble
2034
1568
il48
61
267
856 Sorrel
Der wunderbaum
Der acacienbaum
Die rose
Der rosmarm
La garance
Die frberrthe
Raspberry
La ronce
Framboisier
Der himbeerstra
Dock
Loscille
Der sauerampfer
Der
Butcher's broom
Le fragon piquant
Der mausdor"
998
367 Chironia
Rue
La rue
Die raute
215
Sugar-cane
Cannamelle
Daszuckerrohr
Pearlwort
Sagine
Der vierling
2111 Knee holly

-
319 Chickweed breakstone
TABLE OF SYNoNYMEs.
face
Putov
1135
Portuguese, panish, Russian, Polish, South American,
Italian.
Oriental, or other Names.
118 Loodkruid
ri Beemdgras
Piombaggine
Veleza
Dentellaria Port. Liigtorneurt Dan Blyrot Swed.
Poa
Poa
Faaregraes Dan. Gre Swed.
Tsietti-mandaru Malab. Hoa phung Cochinch.

Valeriana grega Port. Grezkoe balderjan Russ,
Hoa hue Cochinch. Tuberose Dan. Tuberos Surca.
4-0 Eendenpoot
soo Paauwekuif
1.2 Speerkruid
254 Tuberoos
602 Kruishloern
270 Salomons zegel
Polemonio
valeriana gress
Tuberoso
Tuberosa
Poligala
Il ginocchietto
Poligala
El sello de Salo
Fima fagi Jap. Iztod Russ. Wyczka konicza Pol.

O scello de Salomo Port. Kupcna Russ.
non
3-26 Persenkruid
878 Boomvaren
Persicaria
Persicaria
Polipodio
Polipodio
Ramasch Pers. Potschednaja trawa Russ

Panna kalengo Malab. Osokor Russ. Paproc Pot.
910 Haairmos
Politrico
Politrico
P:" Port
Kokuschnik lenn Russ. Jomfruehaar
**.
840 Abeelboom
3, Porselein
Russ. Topola Pol
Pioppo
Alamo
Porcellana
Verdolaga
106 Fonteinkruid
Potamogeto
Cinquefoglio
472 Vyrvingerkruid
7", Gewoone pimpernel Pimpinella
84 Hangbast
Poppel Dan
Beidroega Port. Cholsa Pers. Schruka Russ,
Potamogeto
Medwesche ucho Russ. Rdest wodny Pol.
Cinco en rama
Schabnik Russ.
Pimpinela
Pimpinella Dan. Pimpernella Stred.

Potha Cey. Ana-parua Malab. Cay ray leo Cochinch.
-
Wild latuk Dan, & Nort".
670 Muurig knikbloem

12 Sleutelbloem
80 Zilverboom
512 Bruinelle
422 Pruimboom
Abrikoos
Kersenboom
Vogelkersen
416 Gowaves-appel
638
Primavera
Primula veri:
Primavera Port. Bukwiza Russ.
Brunella
Brunela
Ciruelo
Prunella Port Kagonoso Jap. Gortanajatrawa Russ
Prugno
Albercocco
Albarico-queira
Ciriegio
Cerezo
Pado
Pado
Amexieira Por. BarkukArab.Sliwnik Rus.Sliwina Pol

Kuriga Russ. Morela Pol.
Wisnia Pol.
Tochereinucha Russ.
W Russ.
Xalxocotl Mexico. Malacca pela Malab.
Culeno
Culeno Chili.
Feto femea Port Warabi Jap. Wodianoi popo cunik
882 Randvaren
Felce feminina
Helecho femi
122 Longekruid
-420 Granaatboom
722 Maartel
Polmonaria
Granato
Matricaria
Granado
Matricaria
Pulmonaria Port Meduniza Russ. Plucnik Pol.

Romeira Port. Ruminan Arab Granatnik Russ.
Matricaria Port. Matoschnaja trawa Russ.
362 Wintergroen
Pirola
Pirola
Pirola Port. Gruscha dikaja Russ. Vintergrn Dan.
424 Peereboom
Il pero
El peral
Kummitri Arab. Gruscha Russ. Gruszka Pol.
Melo
Manzano
Maceira Port. Iablon Russ. Tgtfah Arab.
Russ.
nino
Appelboom
Pulmonaria
354 Kwassiehout
74x4 Eik
364 Warstruik
Legno di quassia Leo de quassia

Roble
Quercia
46 Ranonkel
55-6 Tamme radys
Ranuncolo
Rafano
3-8 Reseda
Wouw
Reseda
Guadarella
175 Wegedoorn
Ranunculo
uassiatraee Dan. Quassiatriid stred.

'lut Pers. Dub Russ. Dab Pol Eeg Dan. Ek Suped.
Xi kiun ssu Chin. Cay tiun Cochinch.
Rainunculo Port Lutik Russ. Ranunkel Dan.&Swed.

Daikon Jap. Reddikke Dan. Rattika Swed.
Mioneta
Gualdu
Gauda Port. Wau Dan
Ranno
Rabarbaro
Ramno
3.34 Rhabarber
318 Ankerbloem
5'24 Haanekam
Ruibarbo
Escambroeiro port.
Suped.
Ruibarbo Port. Rhewen Russ.
Cresta digallo
Cresta de gallo
Klopownik Russ. Hanekam Dan. Skallergris Swed
228 Roozelaar
*4 Sumak
Sommaco
zumaque
Pjanischnik Russ. Schei Tart.

Sumagre Port. Koschewnoe derewo Russ.
190 Aalbezie
Ribes rosso
Ribes rojo
o:ers
Uva spina
Uva espina
Groselheira Port. Krischownik Russ.
Ricino
Rosmarino
Robbia
Rovo
Rovo ideo
Ricino
Falsa acacia
Rosal
Romero
Granza
Zarza
Zarza idea
Jaschewika Russ. Iezyny Pol.

Malinik Russ. Maliny Pol.
Acetosa
Rusco
Ruta
Acedera
Brusco
Ruda
Schedab Arab. Ruta Russ. Rude Dan. Vinruta Swed.
Cannamele
Caa de azucar
vermelha Port.
Smorodina krasnaja
Russ.
Kruisbezie
814 Wonderboom
oxi Zoethoutboom
22 Roozeboom
22 Rosmaryn
94 Mee
450 Braamen
Braamboos
292 Veldzuuring
846 Muisdoorn
354 Ruite
74 Suikerriet
106 Wetmuur
Rosajo
Nhambu guau Brazil. Charua Arab.

Acacia bastarda Port.
Roseira Port. Kim anh tu Coch. Rosa Russ. Roza Pol.

Rosmarinho Port. Klil Arab. Rosmarin Dan & Swed.
Mariona Russ. Marzana Pol.
Azedeira Port. Konnewoischawel Russ.
Menschoi myschei tern Russ. Musetorne Dan.
Canade assucar Port. Viba Brazil.
Takanostme Jap. Grasarv Norw.
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
Not. birbh or Bvtemaic
Sagitaria
. L. 88 Adder's tongue Arrow-W ^ S^ttare commune
S. aagittiiilia
. 13330
Le cycas de* lud
palm
- - - - Sago
Gae.L. 1962
7.6 SN
Salicorne
Glasswort
22 Saltwort
Saucrnia
Gingko
tree
2003
Salieburia
Sm.
Tvs
Lesaule
Willow
20*2
L..
- Slix
La
sourie
Saltwort
609 Glasewort
20t Salsola
La
Sage
62
Silvia
L.
Le sauge
sureau
Elder
680
Sambcus
L.
Sit
Brook-weed
471 Pimpernel
Sambius
L.
h
Puecoon
116-1
Leprcnelle
grandepimMUt-8 Sanguinaria
SanguUrba L.L. 256 Burnet saxifrage Great bumet
des tc_
La sanicle
Sanicle
210
Sancula
L.
623
Santal
Sandal
102 Sntalum W. 307 Saunders
Lavenderwoodcotton Savonnier
69*
Soap-berry
328 Santolina
Sapndus L.L. 1714
9i!6 Lasavonniere
Soapwort
370
Saponria L. A/t. 1045
Guinea
peachiiower
174
498
Sidesaddle
462 Sarcocphalus
Sarracenii L- 1
Sarriette
Savory
4!
1246 O'rchis
- Le
satvrion
750 Saturtja
SatyriumL.L. 1856
Lzardcllc
. Lizard's tail
298 Saurrua L.
872 - Saxifrage
1
ecabieuse
366
I* : 1041
Scabious
Le
cerfeuil
90 Saxfraga
Scabitwa
VaiL
864
Cicely
Chervil
.
Le
moll
208
Scndix
L.
619
masUck482 Sch'mus L.
2093 Peruvian
tree
898 Sch3tosUgafoAr.22I8 Gymnstomum Bog-rush
Lechoin
Cypres distique
48 Schcelius
119 Cupn'ssus
800
Schubert/aL.Mir. 2015
Lascille
Squill
2784H Scilla
L.
803
Club-rush
annuelle
Bull-rush
.S'cirpus
R.
Sr.
123
Knawel
3tr68 Sclcranthus
L. 1037
Hard
grass
Sclerochla
Beauv.
199
Hart's-tongue
L'pine jaune
882 ScoloptmlriumSf 21S8
Golden-thistle
balai
678iHi Scolymus
L. 1659
Wild liquorice Le
Chenille
Scopria
L.
276
Caterpillar
Scorsonre
628
Scorpirus
L.
1579
Viper's
grase
La
icrophulaire
666
L. 1625
Figwort
La toque
530 Scorxonra
Scrophulria
willow, SkulUcap
512
Scutellaria L.L. 1356
1285 Hooded
herb
Leseigle
Rye
La
joubarbe
L.L.
209
Stone-crop
lYique-madame
38272 Secle
Sidum
1061
S. sp.lbum
L.
Le pers de marais
6451L
Milk-parsley
Joubarbe
220
663
Houseleck
Le
sneon
4<ki Sefiuuin
.Stinpervlvum
L. 1110
Groundsel
L'elleborine
Simpson
704
feneci L.L.
1738
Helleborii
Sarrctte
754
Serapifli
1869
Saw-wort
WW Scrrtula L. 1661
234 Protea
Oily-grain
&teai
82
Scrrria
R.
Br.
514 Scsamum
W. 1296
1581 ^schynmcne
Meadow-walfrage Le
Sishmia l'ers.
642
21460 Seseli
L.
177 rus
Sco.Nut 2057
Hpppha
83294 Seslri
Shephird/
Field-madder
Sherrdie
L.
Single-seeded cu810 SIcyos L.
cumbermallow L'abutilon
Indian
1487
588
Sida
L. L
Ironwort
1252 498
Sidertis
Iron-tree
100 Siderodtfndrum
L'argan
Jac
Iron-wood
Silne
425 -- -- -150 SUlerxylon
L. 1048
Catchfly
La
moutarde
374
Silne
L.
Bertearomauquc
Mustard
1433
,
554
Sinipis
.
Honewort
647 Stone parsley
2,16 Sisn L.
Water parsnep Berlc
Cbervis
214 S.Slum
L. L. 646. Skirrct
Slsarum
sp.
358
Le
smilace
788 ConvallrU
270
Smilaclna
Rough bindweed
2081
836
Smllax
L.H.D&f.
Le maceren
1580
628
Smith/a
K.
Alexanders
Morelle
650 - - 216
Nightshade
156 Smyrnium
Solanum L.L. 451 - - Love
apple
S. Lycoprsicum W.
Pomme-de-tcrre
2517 L,
Potato
S. .
tuberosum
Soldanelle
ep.
2521
La verge
12S Sohlanlla
L. 1740
352 - Golden.rod
Lelaiteron
710
Solidago
L.
Sow
thistle
66*
.SY.nclius
L.
1G27
' "0 Srghum '
W. en. 2131
236 Prtea
itcus
1136
Du pfeilkraut
Der
sagoubaum
Glasi'hiuali
Die
Pie weide
-
Deialbey
Der bohlund
Der wieseaknoK
Dei
Bniekd
Der
Das ganteltum
cvprewlif*"1
Dlei*
Diewturei
Bocisgeilen
Der
DerwanisU'iiibtefh
Dieiksbio
Der garttnk'Tbel
Der mollebiujs
Das
Die inetntwiel1
Die
per binie
wilde kau
Diegolddi.*tpl
Dai
Derel:or?lontfhB
Die
skoncew
Diebraunfurt,
Da* KhUdknut
DerrOrgen
Dai
icduw
Die
Die Fump'""11^
h*uiw^
Die
1
giefitericbirt
Der weil
DieackenU*
Dit oient
DieUeebii""
Dil y
KbirUH
UeteaP10
Die""*"
raedraMW"
SS?
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
.
6 Sasoeboom
Zoudkruid
820 Wilg
*s3?kmld
*U
VUerboom
I6S Strandpungen
88 Sorbenkruid
210 Sanikol
gJSanddboon,
370 Zeepkruid
7^0 Boksbulley
SSS Steenbreefc
iWSchiirftkruid
Saetta
Ileago
8(,
Saiicornia
Salicor
Saldo
Sauce
Soda
Sosa
Salvia
Salvia
Sambuco
Pimpinella g- Pimpinela de
giore
Italia
Sanicola
Sancula
Sndalo
Santolina
Jabonera
fntoreggU Ajedrea
!tyriO
Satyrio
*****~ ^ SrZ>^
FaUo puniente
Escheno
Escila
Cirpo
Muili ^***$01.01
Avnknippe Dan. Ag Sired.
Alvarraa Port.Sitnik.
Skillc J9a.Kogleax Dan. SjifStrrd.
ScirpoPort.
Skleransc Aims. Knavcl-Dan. TtndgrkMSwedSfNorw.
Cardillo menuda Vaseoirinha
Escolymo Port.
Escobilla
do Braail Port. Tupcicav.-i Brazil.
Escorpiuro
Escorpioa
Port.
Eecorzanera
EecorcioneiraPert.
Skorzonereon.SkorzoneraStt'iit
EbcroAilarUi Tercianaria
EscroftalariaPort
Port. Naryschnik
Rust. Bust. Feberurt
Tercianaria
Schischak trawa
Dan. RoachAmi, ReiArf. t\ugDan.UagSwed.
Centeno
SentetoA?.
Uvaedegato Stecnpryd Dan, Helleknoppar Swcd,
Apio
lechal
gempreviva
Hierba
Eleborinacana
SerratuU
tintorerosde loa
Ajonjole
GcrgelimA. Rachut S,^,,.^
Seseli
SeliA. ScKlurlZ)^ *.
Abutilo
Abutilo
Abutilo Port.
Senepa
Mostazo
Svlgkrande Dan
S orte aU *" "
****** SMiIace
Ipsa
00 H*ienlatuw
U chu Chin
., bzaIwia
StrandJme
Bez *Arf.
^Pinela de Italia iVrt *^^
Saasift-agia
Scabbiosa
CerfogUo
* Biesgras
2f*
Scilla
^Jaarlykshardbloem
&irpo
^8*frakruld
VarkonadiMel
Scolimo
: viiri,,.,Murt Scorpioide
WSkorjonccre
Scorza
JJSkrofeUcruid
Scrofolaria
5"
HelMkrud
Terzanaria
72 Hoir
Segalebianco
S82Hlook
Sedo
Dondcrbaard
SernprevivQ
5-2 Sru,ki"uid
Spnecione
NusUad
Ellcboriiia
WZaagblad
Serratola
ajfrboom
g
VcHkaa,,
Jj*
MiMlord
!,sKn.,derillc
8*|
at-Zyan,
T(ufibia
v8 d'oro
Sonco
Eemiloce
Apio caballar
Hierba
mora
Tomates
Batatas inglezas
Vara
Cerrajade
D
Sals-iparilha Fori.
Olusatro
Port.
Hervamoira/Vi.
Enabeddib
Tomateiro Port.
Batata da terra Port.
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
Sat. BrittahSjaonjnwor Sst*mMo

Qtnera.
659 Hydrocele
81840 Spanfinthe
Jac,
9 J'xia
Sparxis Ker.L. 1946
774
1537 -- - - 610 .Sparg'inium
Sprtium L.
82 Spatlla R. Br. 237 Fttea
390
X..
1J70
94 Sprgula
Spermac.Nce
8u6
5phaBnum L. K270b Arcttie
734 Spjiengyne R Br- ly
134 Spiglia
X*
1695
60
Spilnthes_.
IV, Queen of the mea
834
Spin:iciaL.L.
428 Spirxa
1141 dows
906 plchnum L. 2231
38256 Spndias
L.
10
Sporobolus
159 ^grstis
60420 StachytarpheU
StAchy*
L A Br. X283
o* Terbna
Vaki L.
226
Staphyla
Thrift
234
StAtice XL.
104;)
376
Stelttria
913
324
Stellera
I*
814
StercliaL.L. iio'-i
-U.-0
828 Stilgo
131) Dlichos
64
Sflpa
_ & JSM
616
Stizoir.bium
P.
aloe
482 Stratitee L. 2 Water
270
Streptpus
fx.
786 TJvularla
Oemlinde
880
StrulhiSptcm
W.
2179
Nx
Vmica
152 Strychnoe L.
4J7
362 Styrax h.
}Wg
Colutea
626
Sutherlndw
H..
IjtI
352 Swietinia I*
9W Lonicera
170
Symphria
PA.
22^mphytum
L. 17:4 Verbeslna
728
SvnedrHa Gae.
37 Ptrii
12
Suringa
U
2176
880
1760
718 TeiUis
Tage/es Swz.
I562 Tamarndus L, 1449 -
EntfW Name.
Die igelsknwp*
Le nibannier
Dlepfri*11*
Bur reed
Le gent
Broom
Der ackerspergtJ
Spergule
Spurrey
Daitorono*
Button weed
Sphaigne
Bog
Worm grass
Abcdaire
Sptnage
f *c L'pinard
La reine des prs
Meadow sweet,
Der schinninoi_
Lesplane
Dero
Le monbain
Hog plum
Die
Stachyde
Hedge nettle
Bastard
terrain
Die pimpemn*
Staphiller
Daes
Bladder
nut
Da* auftentro-'S
Statice
Sea
lavender
La
stcllaire
Die
sprrluii^^
Stichwort
Der
lier nkbiuni
wlamnJcrbi"a
La bois caca
Da* prienKWP11
Chinese
laurel
Stipe
Feather grass
Cow-itch
Alodes
Water soldier
Noix vomlque
Derrtorsx
Was*erp'n(BW^
Alibousicr
Storax
Subuiaire
Awlwort
!**"
Mahogany
tree Lea
Derbeinwll
St. Peter's wort
La
consoude
Comfrey
Derirring"
Lilas
Lilac
Die ne"*African and French Oeillet d'Inde
DerUnurin"
marigolds
Le
tamarinier
l'anurtw
Tamarind tree Tamarisc
Tamarisk
De, rheinno
Le Umier
Black bryony
Taiiaisie
Tansy
Der IM
African fleabanc If
Der ' '
69t TarchoriiiitiluJi.- IT Yew
Teaktree
wood
Its -K U Br. 1411
M.
Sdum
Waratah
228
Tbltphum. L.Br. 689
244 Galkga
Fish poison
Le badamier dfl
84 Telopa
1590
634
Tephrbeia
Pert.
Malabar
2140
864 Terminalia L.
BathenP^
Germandree
piewiM
Grlmmia
Germander
898
Ttraphis
Berfw.
2221
Bue
des prs
Meadow
rue
494
Teiicrium
I1*+*
colum
84 Hiallctrum L. 1229 Feathered
Tapsie
bine
Deadly
Chocolatecarrot
nut Le
214TbapsiaI~
g
630
Theobri.ma
L.
1607
Thesiumdc
Bastard
toadflax
312 Thermopaii R. Br. 944 Podalyria
Shepherd's
purse Bourse
L'arbre de vie
JrtbimW ,
194
Thfcsium
L.
Treacle-mustard
1403
Arbor-Vita;
646
rhlfispl
Dil.
Le
_ pic Und*
Tree of life
2018
Thyme
806
Thja
L.
Tiger flower
1275
508
Thymus Jac.
L.
Tilleul
lt.J
Lime tree
562 Tigridia
tree
1186 Linden
466
L.
w
Osmnde
S04
La tormentille
Hartwort
886TodcaW.
Hedge parsley
673
222
Tordjlium
L.
Tormentil
Herbeaux traches Dub**"*
454
L. 1154
Throatwort
516 Tormentilla
Tourrttia Domb.
1299 Dombiya
^>himirine
PerW
Spiderwort
168
Trachelium
L.
4
Goat's
beard
260
Tradeacintie
L.
7W
Water
caltrops
666
Tragopogn
La tremelle
10* Trapa
L. L. 1
1020
Tremlla L.W. en. 397
Tribule
632 Trevirana
1362 Cyrille
Caltrops
354
Trlbulus . 966
Zforgo
12256 Trichodsma^.Br.
o41
.lui: i
Trichf.dium
Mx.
15798 vlgrsti
Txia
40
Trichonfema
Ker.
Eriphorum
ADgulnefrui DerU**"
50 Trichophorum
126
Snake-gourd
Pers.
longs
808 Trichosnthes
L. 2019 Winter-green Trfle
296
862 Clover
- Trefoil
640 TriontMis
Trifolium L.. 161)0
Arrow grass
890 Triglochm L. 841 - -
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
1139
390 -purrie
Toriz.,,,. ,.^., 14
834 Spinae-ie
SpfnacJ
Uliaaria
Splacno
Epinca
UImaria
ilacno
obo
Etaquii
38S Varkenaprium
^* Andoorn
Staffilodendro
- ** -Kmpemooten
ccgras
Statice
376
Statice
39t
WStinkboon,
Esparto
2 Ruiterekruid
Stjraxbo
Meuwolad-boon,
a Smeerwortel
12 Srring
'ISAMkaan
fer
^ Tisboom
s te
214 .
Noce vomica
Consolida
Siringa
Tageto
Tamarindo
Tamarisco'
Brionia
Tanaceto
Camedrio
Maf.ipcrrog
Estoraque
EspinafrePort.SplnatehRust.Szpin&iiPol.SpinatDan.
Medunischnk .
Spacno
Skyggeknop Dan.
Acaja ; Port.
IbamelaraBrazil.
UubouParasolmosea
Carib. Swed.
Ortigamortadot boequeePort
Rlekotschka Rust.
Klokocirta lesna krzak PoL
Straiidblomstcr
Oiciitrst
Dan. Swed.
Perer Rudzik
Swed. Tungus.
Moujik-korneAu.
Satiriao Part.
Esparto Port. Kawil Ruts. Fejr rva Hung.
Mudore)bolschoAu.VandaIocZ>an.VattiuaIoc5Al
Nos vomica
Caniram Malab.
Brwkndd Dom.
Storaque
Port.Port.
SturaxDan.
Sylblad
Dan,
Frytilje
Norw.tfSwed.
Lib. Pert Serik ,. Svrcen 44af

Clavel de , Sammet.ro. oW
Tamo
Germaiidrina
Zumillo
Cacahual
NorTJeuQ'- - Grebemchik
Saian-bin.^ WrotccI^
Adamaram Malab.
Carvalhinha.
Port. Wrzodowiec
OiankaPo/. Pol.
Zolotoucha
Cucuhuaquahuitl Mexico. Kakaotrae Dan.

Linossisty
tsi Utas.
H'rbladetglas
naaleba?gerDan.
Neko
sansin
Jap. Jerschow
Ruit.
i Tomilho
ArvorenodaPort.
vidaPorr.Livets
tra-eiton
Lifvets
tiSwe.
6 Ltade " "
Fimianc
Rust.
'
Pol.
TimUn
Dan,
Oceloxochitl
Mexico.
n*>
Tib " " Uglamur
Arab. Lipa Aus.. Pol., Bokern., Siber.,S[C.
Seeeli de Creta
TormentiU, _ . ." Sabiasnoi
korenPort.
Ruit. Kurze ziele PoL
HermosiUa
I - Bart
Harb* deacuticoPort.
bode Port. Koilowa
boroda Rias.
iTi_boloc,uataco
Trbulobruna
acutico Trbulo
Panover-tajeraua
Malab.
Lcvrehinde
Dan.
Skyfall
Swed.
Tribolo terrestre Trbulo terreare Trbulo /. KotewkiPui
Trifoglic
Trbol
Tota-plri
Kualoooto^. Muop mcCoci,*
Trillitnikfliu.. Koni Pol
TABLE
1140
Nm.
Brltiih
SjifcmaUc
u> .. bynonjma.
Fue
.
1603
Trigonlla
L.
GW Triodia . Sr. 191 Festca
.
478
L.
170W Tristeum
172 Jvna
Tristum
Pert. 06
..
TYticum
L.
T. SvUa L. ep.1235777 Altrie
Triwrnn
Ker.
100
Tritonia
.
TrUtus L.Ker.L. l'..i4
875 -- -- -- ._
Tropa'olum
2063
Trpbie
L.
Tltpa L.
772 - - - DU. 1389 Butter-bur ,
5411 TurrHis
704 russilgo L, 1737
1945 Reed mace
TtphaZ
77
1540 Whin
612 L.
615 -- -- ..
808
DTniUi
L.
940 Uncinia
t/'lva 7-. Per$. 2308
1949 Crex
778
.
186 Ravenila
64 l/nola L.ScArc*. 722
44
818 ZuocAgnifl
282 Urinia
Uroptitalon Ker. 1962
782S0 Utriculria
/rtlea f_
53 -320 raccnum L.L. 90778 Blcabcrry
J437 -- --
556
rlla
778 Altrie
268 Veltheim!
Oled 2128
- 858 Tertrum L.
High
taper
132
ferbSecum
L.
375
Holy
herb
620 Vem>nta
Ferbna L.Schreb. 322
686
168040 Serrlula
FlHellen
14 Vesicria
Vernica I*Lam. I4U0 Alyesum
544
Periphrgraos
071
132
tin W. en.
679 Tare
224 Fibrnuin
L. 1h1
<22
Ticia
Toa.
Menyftnthes
3
130
7
344 Vlllreia
ViminriaVen.
Hm. 410
146
Pinea
L.
186 Virglirt
Hola Toa.Lara. 540
945 Sophora
342
2054
830
PscuinL.L.
1317
520 Uex
501 fladlolus
40 Wats>nrrt
Ker.W. 101
h >s McnUprmum
294
Wendlndii
Acretichum
2J")
886
412 rium
146 Wodii'a
Wrightia .R Br.
Br. 1H74
786
Xnthium
L.
709
tki Xantliorhlza
Herit. , L._
834
700 Xanthxylon
Xerntheraum
XcranUiemum
l,.L.
Gramm,tis
878
XphpterleXei/-2173
480 Xylopial
1.I-781 Ania
268
Ycca L.L.
2108
846
Zmia
1319 Verbena
520 Zapnia
778
L. J.Gaert. U'"><>10 Maize
4 Za
Zingiber
197957
7880 Ziznia
Ziiiphorah..
L.
ot Tfhfimnus
178 Zizyphus
l.**7 Hedysarura
630
Znie
Gm.
2;t
908
Zfgodon
Hook.
352 ZygophJUum L. 994
OF SYNONYMES.
Fenugreek
Feverwort
Wheat
Spelt
Globe flower
Indian
Ramooncress
tree
TUUP
. A
Tower muetard
Colt's foot
Cat's tail
Furze
Elm
Levertree
Seaside oat
Nettle
Hooded milfoil
Whortleberry
Valerian
Creas rocket
White hellebore
Mullein
Vervain
Speedwell
Wayfaring tree
Vetch
Rush
broom
Periwinkle
Violet
Misseltoe
Chaste tree
Vine
lasser burdock
yellow root
Toothach tree
Everlasting
Adam's needle
Indian corn
Ginger
Fenu-grec
OsW
Dai bockshoio
Le froment, le bled
E pcautre
Trolle globuleux
La capucine
LatuUpe
La tourette
Maesette
Ajunc
L'orme
Ulve
Der written
L'ortie
L'utriculaire
L'airelle
La valriane
Hellbore
Bouillon-blanc
Vervene
Vronique
Veeicaire
Viome
La
La
pervenche
Violette
de mare
Der
Der beidclb
balaron
Dleniand
DM.or.ut
Bas eUcnkriUl
Der
.>*>
Diebtoeiu))1"
Le
gui
Gatilier
La vigne
Lampourde
Die
kindraounkil
Diekapuiinerbluiii'
Die
tulpe
Da
Der thumkraut
huflsUich
Die
Der robrkolbe
'
Die
ulme
Watt
Die
Der mittel
Der dr***
Dieipi'1"
rahn"""
L'immortelle
Dieken*""
Der may
Der
ins'
isceh-ilLT
DSu-b^
Jujubier commun
rjohnenUr"
Yuca
Le mail , In*
,
L-amomedei
TABLE OF SYNONYMES.
11
&W Hoomklaver
Fieuogreco
Albrva
Alfor*. Gneakhoe. 1
68Tarw
Trigo
Budal TW. HreteS.
8 Drolblocm
"Spaaiucbekcii
STulp
JWTuireknild
/W Hoatbbd
774 Heybrem
Liechdodde
612
SOeOlm
UWatervHei
Flor cappucino
Tulipano
Tofcsilaggine
Tifa
...
Gimo
Capuchina*
Tulipn
Tuailago
Espadaa
Aliaga
Olmo
Ova
Tulipa Port. LalRockentraSu-cr.

*. Tulpan Russ.
Tulipa
Taarnepidseitan.
Hvasscnni-pA'-.
Dan.
To*tlagern
Part. Dwoje listnik Russ.
forvr.
Tabua
Port.
Bo
hoang
Corhinch.
Faloschnlk
Ruse,
Tojo PorL TornblaU Dan.
Olmo
Port.aloKanagaUch
?
Ruit. Turk. UitnRtsss. WmPoL
7^ Brandenetel
Vetekruld
V alenaan
858 Nlenrortel
620 berhard
Eerenpry.
"'"'igtonddraad
S4VIme
S Tamm,, rira,
Mirtillo
Valeriana
Elleboro bianco
Taôbarbô
Verbena
Veronica
Viburno
Veccie
Ortiga
Mirtilo
Valeriana"
Vedegambi*
GKbo
Verbena
Veronica
Viburno
Alverjan
Ortiga
Port. Dan.
Pokntywa
Pol .
Vandriillike
Vaserllikc
Myrtillo Port. TichernizaTfn.
Borrowki ezamc Pot.
Valcrlanaiort.
Fai ojap. Baldeigan/fwi.lYoiIkiA)/.
Helleboro branco Port. Techemeriza Russ. Hvil
prustrotbrancoPort.
Suud,
Verbaaco
Zaarskii skipetr
Russ.
VerbenaPorf.
Co roi ngyukCochtnch.
Scbeelsiuk/fuii
Veronica Port. WeronUta Ruts. renpriis Dan.
Gcrmeechek
Turk.
Myschei goroch
Russ.Gordowina
Vykn Pot.Russ. Hordewid Pol.
' Tamme vjool

go Marentakken
"* wngaard
Pervinca
Viola mana
Vischio
Agnocaelo
Vite
Pervinca
Violeta
Liga
Sauzgatillo
Vid
Congoera Port.fiaiko
Barwinek
Pachulachaja
Russ. Pol. Singrn Dan.
Viego
Port. Ometa
Russ.
Jemtel KydkhpdtnreDdii
Pol.
AnhocastoPort
Dikoi
peraRus.
JEnxb
Arab. Winograd
Russ. Winua
macica PoL
**> Kleine kliaten
Aminore UmpazopecuenoBaâ^^ ^^
^Straalbloen,
Perpetua largad. Souchotzwet AV
77 Mayi
178 'obenboom
3 Haauwkapper,
Oran turco
Zenzero
Malz
Jeulibre
TlaoilU Mexico. Tvrkiak bm nea.MiegaPort.Unaprwi.Fr.nguUna/7^

Slroufaclikowaty kapfr.y .
FIRST
ADDITIONAL SUPPLEMENT
LOUDON'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PLANTS;

COMPRISING
THE SPECIFIC CHARACTER, DESCRIPTION,
CULTURE, HISTORY, APPLICATION IN THE ARTS,
AM) KTIBY OTUKB DKSIEBLB rAliTICLAB BBMPBCTIS
ALL THE PLANTS
ORIGINATED IN, Ott INTRODUCED INTO,
BEITAIN,
BETWEEN THE FIRST PUBLICATION OF THE WORK IN 1829,
AND
JANUARY, 18*0.
n.pd ay W. . ba, je., CM , of j. a um

AMD RBVI8BD GEOHQ OOJf, r.L.8.
iD4
FIRST
ADDITIONAL SUPPLEMENT
THE
ENCYCLOPAE DIA OF
PLAN TS;
BRINGING DOWN THE WORK TO MARCH, 1839.

Prepared by WILLIAM H. Baxter, under the Direction of J. C. Loubon,
and finally revised by GeoRGE DoN, F.L.S.
N.B. A + prefixed to genera or species indicates that such genera or species have been already registered, but are here
repeated with more perfect details.
Page 8.
Class II. DIANDRIA.
2 STAMENs.
Order I. MONOGYN.I.A. 2 Stamens. 1 Style.
2:00. 47a. Beloperone. Calyx 5-parted. Upper lip of corolla concave, lower one trifid. Stigma subulate. Capsule
compressed from the base to the middle and empty; but swollen, and containing 4 seeds at top.
2501 64a. Streptocarpus. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. tubularly funnel-shaped ; Limb 5-lobed, nearly equal, oblique.
stam. 4: 2 front ones fertile; the other 2 tubercle-formed and sterile. Valves of capsule twisted. Stigma 2-lobed.
Seed minute, naked.
Page 30.
Class III. TRIANDRIA.
3 STAMENs.
Order I. MONOGYNIA. 3 Stamens. 1 Style.

2:02.80a. Btckia. Cal. 1-toothed, deciduous. Cor. funnel-shaped, 5-lobed. Caps. 1-celled, 1-seeded.
2003. 94a. Streptanthra. Perianth 6-parted; tube very short. Anthers twisted round each other. Ovar, 6.
angled, also a little twisted. Ovula
2504. 107a. Anisinthus. Spathe 2-valved, subringent. Perianth unilabiate; limb equal, 6-parted; u
segment
long, cochleariform. Stigmas 3, dilated, entire. Capsule triangular, 3-valved. Seeds cumulated,
2505. 114a. Dietes. Flower 6-parted, equal, spreading. Stigmas petal-like, bifid.
25.06. 114b. Leucocryne. Perianth salver-shaped, 6-parted, 3 fertile combined, and the 3 sterile on the limb,
fleshy, and sometimes antheriferous. Style terete. Stigma simple.
25-07. 114c. Triteleia. Perianth funnel-shaped, 6-cleft. Stamens 6; upper ones opposite the petals. Stigma
:"
3-lobed.
i 2:08.
nferior.
Ovarium many-seeded.
117a. Sisyrinchium.
Spathe 2-lvd.
Calyx 0.
2509. 117b. Renealmia. Perianth 6-parted.

Capsule obovate. Seeds angular.
Page 76.
Petals 6.
Filaments connate.
Style 1.
Caps. 3-celled,
Filaments connate or distinct. Stigmas 3, involute, filiform, acute.
CLAss IV. TETRANDRIA.
4 STAMENs.
Order I. MONOGYNIA. 4 Stamens. 1 Style.

2510. 2374. Conospermum, Cal. ringent; Upper lip 2-lobed. Nut pappose, inversely cone-shaped.
2511. 237b. Botryceras. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. 4ed. Style arcuate. Nut subulate.
2512. 238a. Anadenia.
Calyx nearly regular.
Gland 0.
Follicle 1-seeded.
2513.23%. Agastachys. Calyx regular. Filaments distinct, Stigma lateral. Ovary 1-seeded.
2514.295a. Lipstoma. Limb of cal. 4-parted.
Cor. tubular at base, and ventricose at throat, bearded inside.
Stam, inserted in throat. Style capillary. Stigm. 2, subulate, hispid. Caps. globose, 2-celled, opercul, many-seeded,
often 1-celled.
Seeds small, angular, scabrous.
2515. 306a. Benthamia. Flowers disposed in heads. Invol. of 4 petal-like parts. Cal. 4-toothed. Petals 4, flesher
Fruit constituted of many pomes grown together. Endocaro 2-celled. Seeds solit. and pendul. in each cell.
1144
Class I
FIRST ADDITIONAL SUPPLEMENT.
CLAss I. MONANDRIA.
MONOG P.N.F.A.
systematic
Name and
#* * * *
###,
s 5.
#:
#5 #:
: * f:
~ #
8&
3#*
###
English
Name.
4 uthority.
#
.5
Native 's
Country. #
###### #* 3
16713
16714
16715 16716
1. CANNA.
5a discolor Lindl.
15a Reevsii Lindl.
:*
various-cld.-lvd a [Z\l or 10 n
Reeve's
if [Z\] or 5 my
16719 -
16 glasica
2 rubro-lutea Hook. yel &red cla-fid f [Z\] or 43 au
- Acharas Gill.
Achiras
w: L or 43 au
2. MARA'NTA.
two-coloured
[Z\] prap.n
Trinidad 1827. R. r.m. Bot. reg. 1231
Y.R
D.R.
Jamaica P 1834. Dr.m. Bot. mag. 34:

Mendoza 1829. Dr.m. Bot. reg. 135
China
Brazil
flavescent
25bgrandifolia Lindl.
great-leaved
y: [A] pr11 au
a DZN or 2 year
coloured
y: [ZN or 2 ap.my O
5. PHRY*NIUM.
- colortum Hook.
Brazil
Rio Jan.
16722
16723 -
Bot. reg, 736
1822. D sl Bot. reg

reg. 32
1826. D. s.l. Bot. res . 1:10
Sp. 317.
Brazil
HEDY/CHIUM.
flesh-cla-fid
35a crneum Carey

- magnifica Boj.
12. KAEMPFENRIA
68a Roscoedna Rosc.
1828. D. s.l. Bot. mag. 3010
Sp. 1022.
y: [Z\] or 4 au
Pk
East Indies 1823. D 1
8. ALP1"NIA.
16721 -
1823. D. p.
Sp. 310.
16720
? 1835. R. r.m. Bot. reg: 2004
Sp. 815.
25a flavscens Lindl.
6.
Figures.
s
Y
3. CALA"THEA.
16717
16718
Reference to
Sp. 2038
24a bicolor Ker
|| || #
magnificent
y: [Z\] spl 10 au
Roscoe's
y: [A] or
elegant
* [ZX] or
W
P
Bot. mag. 26.7
Sp. 14.25.
Mauritius 1830. Dr.l Bot. mag. 313:
Sp 8.-9.
- legans Wal.
to
1
...
'#' Indies1827. R
Pegu
s.l.
Bot. reg. 1217
1828. D si Wal.pl. aurif
*"
CLAss II. DIANDRIA.

M.O.N.O.G. P.N.I.A.
16724
Sp. 22.
31. MAYTE"NUs.
134a chilensis Dec.
Chilian
* or 8 my
36. LIGU'STRU. M.
16725
159a spicatum D. Don
16726
160a Josikaea Jac.
spike-flowered
16727
179a pubgerum D. Don. down-bearing
&
37. SYRI/NGA.
Josika's
30. JASMI'NUM.
al-
G.Y.
Chile
1829. C. p.s.l. Bot reg. 1702
Sp. 33.
1823. C p.l Bot. mag. 29.1
or 8 jn.jl
W
Nepal
Sp. 44.
or 8 myjn Dp. Li Germany 1833. Skco Bot. mag. 3278
Sp. 19.--35.
1827. C. 1
Bot. reg 14%
or 10 mr.o
Y
Nepal
Wallichianum Lindl.
Sp. 55.
44. SCHIZA'N'Til U.S.
16728
16729
272 pinnatus
8 humilis Lindl.
272a Honkeri D. Don
273a Grahami Hook
dwarf
Hooker's
Graham's
16730
273b retusus hook.
retuse-petaled
16731
47. JUSTI*CIA.
279a ventrict,sa Iyal.
ventricose
16732
296a speciosa Rox.
showy
O
O
O
O
or 1 jn.o
or 2 jn.o
or 2 jn.o
or 2 Jn.o
'".
Li.C
Ro. Li Chile
Va
Va
Chile
Chile
1831. S 1.t
1828. S. s.1
1.t
1.t
-
Bot. reg. 1562

Bot. mag 3"
Bot, mag. 3 *
Bot. mag. 3045
Sp. 35.45.
* D or 3 injl
* D or 4 au.n
W.R
China
1826. C
East Indies 1326, C
p.l. Bot, mag. 976
p.1. Bot. mag. 27:
Oran ER I
1145
Class I. - MONANDRIA.
MONO G. P.N.I.A.
E-ential specific Character.

16712
16714
Lvs. discol. Inf petals emargin. Flws didymous peduncul. Brac, cuneate convol. Inner limb of cor, trifid
16715
Lvs. oblong-ovate abrupt acumin. Flws. mostly in pairs on short pedun. Brac. broad-ellip. concave rounded
1671.6
Stemless, Lvs. elliptic blotched above, beneath purplish
16717
16718
Leaves oblong costately veined glaucous beneath, Heads sessile many-flowered

Leaves distich, spread. horizont, oblong apicul. lucid little undul. short. th: petioles, Heads termin. obl. Brac.
if T 10
Leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate, Scape erect rigid terete
16720
Leaves acuminate 2-in. broad, Bracteas ciliated 1-flowered
16721
Leaves few oblong-acute, Spike capitate, Bracteas of a fine deep rose-red colour margined with a white line
[flat very spread., Segms. obov. obtuse
Stemless, Lvs. suborbicul. acute varieg. above, Flws. few radic. fascic. erect sess. Outer limb shorter, Inner
Probably not distinct from C. flaccida. The 1vs. are shorter, less glauc. Inner pet. distinctly cuspid. and unequal
deciduous
obtuse undul. loose short.th, flws.
1672-2
16723
Lvs. oblong dimidiato-cordate petiolate, Spike termin. Outer bract or spatha elegantly nerved transv-striped
public a figure and description, however imperfect, of one of the noblest plants that has graced the pages of the Bot.
Mag.
CLAss II. - DIANDRIA.

MONO G. P.N.I.A.
16724 Leaves elliptic-oblong tapering to base taper-pointed with serrated edges
[base
16725 Lvs. oblong approach. ovate coriac glossy waved acumin. Panic. term. Cal. with 4 minute imbric. bract. at
[Twigs purple
16726 Lvs. ellipt.-lanceol. attenuated both extrem. white and veined below wrinkled, Branches very slightly wart.
[obtuse
16727 Lvs. altern. pinnate, Leafl. 7 ovato-lanceo. or oblong acumin. Pedun. elongate. 1-flwd. Segm. of cor. 5-6
[long-acumin.
16728 Pedic. erect, Tube of cor. much longer than cal. Lower lip middle segm. bicornute lateral linear, Upper lip
16729 Tube of cor. equal in length to cal. Lat. segm. equal in length to the middle which is bifid, Upper lip ov.-acum.
16730 Lateral segm. of lower lip shorter than middle one which is sagittate, Upper segm. rhomboid-oblong retuse
16731 Spikes terminal, Bract. rounded convex entire veined, Tube of cor. a little swollen upwards
16732 Pedun. axill. & term. often prolif sometimes wanting, Bract. constituting dbl. invol. Tube of cor. very long
curved remark, twisted
1146
16733

30lanodsa Hook.
16734
305a flavicoma B. R.
16735 - crnea Lindl.
16736 .
16737 -
- guttta Wal.
CLAss II.
knotty-stmd
* D or 2 s
Brazil
1820. C. p.1
Bot. mag. 2,914
yellow-tufted
re-D or 2 jl.s
Brazil
1825. C
Rio Jan.
1827. C 1.p
Bot. reg. 1027

Bot. reg. 1397
flesh-coloured a D spl 6 au.s

spotted
k [A] or 11 ap.au Y.spot East Indies1828. D 1.p Bot. reg. 1334
* D or 5 s
P
Bengal
... C 1.p Bot. reg. 1380
(Belos, arrow, perone, strap; connectivum.)
Acanthaceae. Sp. 11.
- oblongata Nees.
oblong-leaved *D or 3 s
Ro.P Brazil
1832. C. p.1 Bot. reg. 1657
49. ERA*NTHEMUM.
Sp. 4-11.
16739 - foecundum Lindl.
ever-blowing n-D or 1* all sea Li
Brazil
P1829. C. p.l Bot. reg. 1494
51. CALCEOLA"RiA.
Sp. 26.32.
318 integrifolia
S angustifolia Lindl narrow-leaved a u_J or 2 au.s
Y
Chile
1822. C 1.p Bot. reg. 1083
16740
318a viscosissima Lindl. clammiest
* - or 3 myo Go.Y Chile
1832 C. pl. Bot. reg. 1611
integrifolia viscosissima Hook. in Bot. Mag. 3214; rugsa macrophylla Hort.: rugsa latifolia Herb.
16741
318b sessilis R. & P.
sessile-leaved n-- or 14 s
Y
"alparaiso 1832. C. s.p Bot. reg. 1628
16742
318c ascendens B. R.
ascending
*... I or 1 jl.s
Y
Cordiller. 1826. C lp Bot. reg. 1215
16743 319a Yotingii Penny
Young's
* LA spl 2 my.o. Och.D Eng. hyb. KS30. Dr.m. Bot. reg. 1448
8 pallidior Penny paler-fid. , 2 dilecta Penny, beloved, bright-brown-fid.
3 atra Penny, dark-fid.
16744
31.9b. Wheeleri Swt.
Wheeler's
x -AJ or 1 myo P
Eng. hyb. 1831. D p.l
s.130
16745
319.c Martineaiae Swt.
Martineau's
* A or 1 ap.au Y.spot Hybri
1831. DIt.r.m.Sw.fl.g.2 s.162
2500.
16738 -
- venuista Wal.
beautiful
47a. BELOPE*RONE Nees.
16746
319d purprea Grah.

A elegans D. Don
2 picta D. Don
16747 - thyrsiflora Grah.
16748 - polifolia Hook.
16749 -
16750 -
purple-flowered x. Lal or 1 jl.s

elegant
y: A or 1 jl.s
painted-cor.
y AJ or 1 su
thyrse-flowered a u_j or 13 jn.s
Poly-leaved
y: La] cu l jl
- connata Hook.
connate-leaved a C) or 3 jl.au
floribnda Lindl., Bot. reg. 1214; paniculata Herb.
- arachnoidea Grah. cobweb-like
y: Lal or 1 jn.s
Chile
1827. D 1.p
Chile
1832. D 1.p
Eng. gard.?1832. D lt.r
Chile
1827. C p.l
Chile
1826. D 1.p
Chile
1824. D 1.p
Chile
P
Pa-P
W.P
Y
Y
Bot. mag. 2775

Sw.fl.gar.2 s.19%
Sw.fl.gar.2 s 244
Bot. mag. 2915
Bot. mag. 2-97
Bot. mag. 2876
1827. D 1.p Bot. mag. 2874
tinctoria Gill.
s &lba Hort.
white-flowered a LA] or 1 jn.s
3 refulgens D. Don refulgent-cor.

16751
16753 -
Plantain-lvd
- bfcolor Grah.
two-coloured
- angustiflora R. & P. narrow-fla
16754 -
- Herbertiana Lindl.
16752 -
321a plantaginea Sm.
8 parviflora Lindl.
16755 16756 -
- chilonsis Lindl.
- crematiflora Cav
16757 -
16758 -
y: U_i or 2 myo
small-flowered ri L or 2 my
* or 2 au
notched-lipped
A or 11 jn.s
8 knypersliensis D. Don Knypersley # A or 3. Ins
Atkinsiana D. Don Atkins's
13 AJ or 11 jn.o
- mirbilis K & W.
admirable
if LA spl 2
...
16761
1676?
16763
16764
16765
16766
16767
16768 -
D 1.
1827. D lp Bot. mag. 2805

1829. C lt. Bot. reg. 1374
Chile
Y.Wsh. Peru
Y
Peru
Chile
? 1830. C p Bot. mag 394
1828. S. p Bot. Teg. 1313

Valparaiso 1832. C. p.s.l. Bot. reg. 1579
Chiloe
1830. C. r.m. Bot. reg. 1476
Y.spot Chiloe
1831. S
Bot. mag. 3255
Y
Y
Y.D.B Eng. hyb. ?1834. Dlf.m.s.Sw.fl.g. 2 s.962

Y. R. Eng. hyb. 1830. Dp Sw.fl-gar.2.5.168
P.
Eng. hyb. 1834. Dr.m F1. cab. n. 17
Sp. 1519.
60. MONA'RDA.
355 fistulosa
16759
16760
...
y AJ or 1 jn.s Bt. Rul R. Eng.hyb. *1833. Dr.lt Sw.fi-gar.2.s 227

to uv, or 1 au
ri u or 2 au.s
* Ll or 13 jn
Herbert's
Chiloe
fl. maculato Hook. Russell's

spotted-lipped St
X A
or 3. su
364a Russellina Sims
A or
s
P.R.spotN.Orleans
1832. IRp.1
co Bot
#3
W
N. Amer. 1823.
Bot. mag
mag. 513
367aaristta Nut.
awned
S. ZX pr2"jhau
Pa Ro N. Amer. 1836. R b.l. Bot. mag. 3526
62. SA*LVIA.
384a strictiflora Hook.
387a involucrata Cav.
erect-flowered
a D or
*U or
*u-J or
U spl
Br. R.
7b Grahhmii Benth.
407 a failgens Cav.
involucrate
Graham's
fulgent
3
6
4
5
d
jl.au
jl.o
my...o
s:Peru
103-132.
1831. C it.
Bot mag. 313:
Mexico
1825. C. s.l.
Mexico
1829. C. s.
Bot. reg. 1370
Mexico
1829. C. s.l.
Bot. reg. 1350
Bot. mag. 2872
cardinalis H. B. et K., splndens var. nova G. M. 5. p. 577. f. 116.

* LJ or 6 au.o
S
Mexico P1820.
3, a or 2 jn.au P
Caucasus ... C co Bot. reg. n.s. 36
#
Sims's
S. ZX or 3 jn.jl Pa.B Russia
1820. D p.1 Bot. reg. 1003
4075 dolichostchya Lag. long-spiked

hoary
408a canscens Mew.

438a Simsidma B.
bracteta Bot. Mag., 2320.

leafy
- foliosa Benth.
O] or 1* all sea B
Mexico
1827. Sco
Bot. reg. 1429
2501. 64a. STREPTOCA*RPUS Lindl. STREProcarpus. (Streptos, twisted, karpos, fruit.) Bignoniacear. *#.
16769 > Rxii Lindl.
Rex's
y: [A] pr! year B
C. G. H.
... S p.1 Bot. reg. 1173
History, use, Propagation, Culture,

51 Calceolaria. The varieties and hybrids of this genus, which have been raised in different parts of the country,
are almost innumerable, and some of them are of very great beauty. They are all of the easiest culture, and require
very little heat. Most of them continue flowering several weeks, and some of them the greater part of the summer.
-- -
ORDER 1.
16723
DIANDRIA
MONOGYNIA.
1147
16736
16737
Bran. swoll. at joints, Lvs ovate.-acum. obsc. serr. Flws. in short axil. 2-3-flwd racera. erect, Bract. 4-5 base
each fl. lin.-fil.
[Brac. and cal. segms subul. short.th. cor.
Stem joints short tumid in middle, Lvs. obl.-lan. very acumin wavy minutely downy, Panic termin. crowded,
Lvs. on long pet. ovate-atten. at base sharply acumin. retic. Bract. numer. outer ovate-lanceo. inner lia. Cor.
very long, Up lip erect ent low. revol. 3-toothed.
Lvs. obl. atten both extrems. acute subcrenul. Racemes term. Flws. fascic. Cal. & brac. lin, thq., Cor sptd.
Lvs. ovate acumin. crenat. Panic. large termin. Flws. remotely fascicul. subsess. disposed in slender elongated
16.738
Spikes axill. Brac. bracteol. and leaves lanceolate, Anthers calcarate at base
16739
Lvs. subsess. obl.-lan. acumin. very entire, Brac. small, Cal. segms. obt. Tube bent, Spike termin. subsimp.
16740
Lvs. larger & broader than those of C. integrifolia. The whole plant clothed with viscid pubescence
16734
16735
racernes
16741
10,742
16743
Leaves lanceolate-acumin. canescent beneath, Corymbs panicled, Pedicels elongated

Leaves ovate petiolate denticulate pubesc, lower ones acute at base. Corymbs unabellate few-flowered
A hybrid between C. corymbosa and C. arachnoidea, with ochraceous and dirty-purple flowers
[ovate bluntish
16744 Lvs. obl.-ovate bluntish much veined & rugose, hispidly hairy, Stem erect, very hairy, Segm. of cal. broadly
16745 Lvs. rather obtuse atten. at base velvety above beneath clothed with long hairs and small scale-lk, brist. serr.
Cal. peltate deeply 4 cleft
16746
Stem Ivs. cordate decuss upper ones smaller entire with few long scat, hairs on their surfaces, Calyx downy
[bellate
Lvs. linear atten. at both ends lined distinct. serr. Teeth reflexed, 2-in. long 2 lines broad, Pedun. comp. unu
Whole plant clothed with white wool, Lvs. ovate or oblong, Flws. corymbose, Calyxes 3-nerved
16749 Lvs. ovate acute waved nerved, Lower ones atten. at base and connate, Upper ones nearly cord. sessile, Pan.
spreading
16750 Herb clothed with white cobwebbed-wool, Lvs. ligulately-oblong little toothed petioles 5-in. long, Peduncles
16747
1*748
terminal twin
16751
16752
1675.3
16754
Stemless, Lvs. radical ovate rhomboid rosulate serrated nerved, Scapes generally 2-3-flwd. pilose
Leaves ovate biserrated, Branches dependent bluntly tetragonal of a rusty purple colour
Lvs. ovate-lanceol. sharply serr. pubesc, Pedun. into term. panic. generally 4-flwd shorter than 1vs.
Stem pilose, Lower lvs. ovate-oblong obtuse petiolate, Upper ones sessile,
wer lip of cor. very large
[sess. Infl. cymose many-fid.
16755 stem cal. & bract. beset with glandul. hairs, Stem lvs. oblong-lanceol. undul. thq.: upper ones ent ov. acum.
16756 Radical lvs. many: stem Ivs. few : 2 lower ones subpet.: upper ones sess. Pedic racem. 1-flwd. Caps papery.
fulvous
16757
16758
Rad. Ivs. obov. rather spathul. obtuse uneq. tha. Stem lvs. ov. pointed alm. ent. Corymbs forked 10-30-fla. Ped.
Radical lvs. ovate somewhat obtuse, Corymbs few-flowered
[filif. cithd.gland. pubes.
obsol. 3-thd.
Lvs. ovate-acumin. rounded at base: lower ones serr.; upper quite ent. Lower lip much wider than upper
Lvs. obl.-lanceol. narrowed at base sharply & remotely toothed, Bract. ciliated often purplish or yellowish
[gland. & viscid
16761 Lvs. ovate-cord. 2-3-in long glabrous obtuse rather wavy, Flws. erect oppos. subsecund, Bract. ovate acute
16762 Lvs. cord.-ovate acumin. toothed, Whorls 6-flwd. Bract. decid. very large broadly ovate, nerved red
16759
16760
Lvs. oval obtuse rounded or cuneated at base irreg. crenated in middle nearly glabrous, Whorls 2-flwd. Cal.
1676.3
16764
Lvs. cord.-ovate crenated hoary beneath, Bract. decid. Galea villose
1676.5
16766
16767
An undescribed species, introduced by Lagasca.

Racenes branched, Flowers fewer & smaller than those of S. phlomldes
Lvs. ovate acum. crenate-sinuate: upperm. ent. Fls. in dist. about 6-flwd. whorls each wh. supported by 2 ov.
16768
L'. petiol. broadly ov. acute subcord
[usually cla.
-
acum. awned concave streaked bracts
at base, Rac. loose verticill, few-flwd. Upper lip of cor. entire toothed:
ower acute
16769
The only species

16750
16767
and Miscellaneous l'articulars.
light
2501:
rich
Streptocrpus.
soil. it is a very
This
ornamental
plant is very
stovereadily
herbaceous
increased
plant,byand
seed,
wellor
by divisionofofcultivation.
the root, and thrives
inves ucs
best in *.

Sp. 1524
73. PI.MELE'A
Privet-like a.a ii_lI oror 102 mr
mr WWill V. DO.S.4!>li/iitstnna
Lab.
16770
intermediate
491ft
intermdta
I.indt.
Holl.
16771
Bh
hnuid-owered
,
leel 26 jnmy W N.V.D.I..
4112
16772
woolly
i_J
492 hspida
lanilla ...
Br.Br.Br. long-flowered
N. Holl.
16773
w
i
I
or
4
jn
492rlol]giflbra
16774
.
S,
sleniler-cnfM
U"I
12 jnmyjn W
492u*grarilifibra
N.N. G.Holl
6775
wood
i_Jel
Bh
Wie
sylvestris
.Hoak.
Br. humble
Holl.
16776
.
lJ
or
1
mvjn
w
493
humilia
Br.
N.
HolL
16777
whlti'-*.
4 nivea l.nb.
16778
eand-iMart. H-. i_J
i_J pr 61 Jl... N. Zoal.
16779 493c arenaria .
. G. S.
167S0 . . iypericina . llypcricum-ft l_ or 3 sp
Cuall
1148
123. S.P Bot. ra1*25.

. l.pl.p Bet."*
M-tf
ISM. IP
so. l.p Bot-,
I8J0.C
1824. I.P
l.pI p Btr. Ir*,t?
11
10. *|
Class III. - TRI ANDRIA.

MON GYNA.
'fcS iS
Columbia
1825
-Bot-rt!
80. VALERIAXE'LLA.
,
B SP-1)
Columni
am-16781 Mb.congt.
Limit.
crowded./ier or ,ljn.s
Mit*"*^
*. go*. .' Dee. larger
^"^f^5"
mjor Dec.
1678
Sp. la27.
CRO'CUS.
Garden Varieties.
mom pr*'*1 set.
601 93.
vfrnus
1415 tdolceus
t 1 . Purple and Lilac.
dbins
'.SiiA.
1S ptirpreue
puniceus Si.
16
pruinosus
Sab.
Sab. .-"
Sab.
so fuctiu
17 fuslfrmis So*.
34 marghuVtus
t. 3. Se*g*"*
Sabin Ander.Soft.H. tr. 7. 11. 17- 191 tylsus Sab
31 dorilis
56 grandis
Sub.
32
unguis
.
(nfltui
Saft.
B.
tr.7H.
I.
2021 ...obovtus Sab.
tulipeeut SabMlcueorhjncluiS"
78 concinnu
Sat.
22
pllene
Sab.
i
4.
Lilac,
Phtho Sab.
23 m.ntus Sei.
J. .Sab.
35 nulcbllu 3
2425 nanus
J.CSab.
10119 gracilis
maculftsi.9
3l
Pf
pllldus
.
37 (tritu Sab.
tu apolitmii pre coi .
12 plumosus
turbintus J.Sab.
27 liicinus macultui
13 clavtus mi.
Garden tarietiei1 1 LilM.*1?*
G04 versicolor
\ 1. Grey, striped.
8
Hawrlh'i
4
purpureas
Sab.
H.
tr.7.
11.
6.
9 llneetu i10
Gwler Sab.
56 \cgzm
venstusSab.
Sab.H- tr.7. 8
21 neglctus
Sab.
3 limlllt S<J.
Garden , 5 stritus Sab
IIB****
610 pulphiircus
4 isabclllnus Sab.
3 lbidus Sab.
Pa.Y
or
i
f.
mr
cream-cid-fid
16783 GlOa lcteus Haw
f.inr Y. MtFia
MU*
blue-streaked tf or * WWcd.
^*",,S;)
tea, *'"'-;
2503 . STREPTANTIIE^RA
Swt
s:ft *5: Hh. 1827.
' 00..fJ
p-'
'elegant
j'^l
P
*
^
cop"
"
l$7M
Legans Swt.
Swt.
eopper-c1^* ^ " 1 ' '
s8_10.
, s..('! .
16785 -- -- cprea
99. SPAHA'XIS. narty-eoloured T or J 5p g. h. "^S.pjs.np'ir
16786
6*
Swt.
16787
66lrt- versicolor
pndulaSwt.
Ker
rfrf-lincd
5 iA]or .JP_
16788
lineata
1.
16789 - - Btellris D. Don
16772
16763
2M2
B,rt,.
with Hiehahit
of (Wfrto^"""'"1""""
. Win. S3.
Ma,-tVm.
, lh0 , -ThePlant,
round,
iholtcrKl
nuraermi,in varieties
oflituation.
C. virniu and < veriicolor were. "
TRIANDRIA
16770
16771
16772
16773
16774
16775
16776
16777
16778
16779
16780
1149
MONOGYNIA.
[within
Invol. 4-lvd. Leaf. ovate-oblong, Cor. pubescent, Leaves oblong lanceolate veined
Invol. 2-4-lvd. shorter than flws. Lvs. small lanceol. acute at each end sess. Segm. of limb oblong obt, smooth
Invol. 4-lvd. Lead roundish-ovate, Lvs. obl.lanceol. & linear, Head before expand. subglobose apiculated
Invol. 4-lvd., Leaff. ovate with membran. margin about equal in length to the head. Cor. hairy, Lvs. lanceolate
No distinct invol. Lvs. linear-lanceol. hairy 3-nerved, Flws. in globose heads, Perianth extern. hairy, Tube
very long and slender
Invol. 6-7-lvd. Lvs. lanceol. acute dotted above, Tube of cor. long slender glabrous slightly dilated upwards
Leaves lanceol. acute smooth on both sides, Heads many-dwd. termin. Perianth smooth, '' infundib.
Leaves oblong-obtuse, Floral lvs. oval, Calyx silky, Stem erect simple
Leaves subrotund obtuse revolute beneath as well as the calyx clothed with hoary tomentum
Lvs. decussate ovate acute nearly sess. horiz. or reflex. slightly downy above densely silky beneath, Per ext.
silky, Tube contracted upw.
Invol. 8-lvd. 4 innerm. often smaller, Lvs. distant on very short thick pet. ellipt.-obl. oft. narrower acute very
smth. Flws. numer. polygam.
Class III.-TRIANDRIA.
MONO G. P.N.I.A.
16781 Radic. leaves obov. or spathul. Stem lvs. broadly ovate sess. subdent. Flor. ones lin, oblong. Flws.monoecious,
Whorls cymose 2-parted: male flws. largest.
16782 Radic. leaves ovate acute, Stem leaves linear-lanceolate
Garden Varieties.
* 5. Grey, striped.
51 griseus Sab.
63 parvulus Sab.
Glorianella Sab.
52 pectinatus Sab.
53 incurvus Sab.
54 line ellus Sab.
64
65
66
67
: 1. tr. 7, 11. 18.

40 elegans J. C.
41 speciosus J. C.
42 variegatus Sab.
43 propinquus Sab.
44
45
4.6
47
dentosus Sab.
decorus J. C.
bicolor Sab.
affinis J. C.
55 obesus Sab.
unilineatus J. C.
trilineatus Sab.
undulatus J. C.
obsoletus Sab.
* 7. White.
68 albus major Sab. H. tr. 7.11.11.
56 spectbilis J.
57 obtusus J. C.
69 albus minor Sab.
\ 6. White, striped
".
-
70
71 nea olitanus sab
72 al
Sab
73
sa."
74 tardiflorus Sab.
58 crassus Sab.
48 emarginatus J. C.
59 Andersoni Sab. H. tr. 7. 11. 16.

60 penicillatus J. C.
40 tortubsus J. C.
50 reticulatus Sab.
61 stellatus J. C.
62 Albidus J. C.
''
Garden Varieties.
. . White,
:
"; &striped.
riped
J. C.
14 Morlon
stritulusSab.
15
pulchllus J.
C.
19 propinquus
Sab.
20
10 v i
sab
11 floribndus Sab.
16 inconspicuus Sab.
17 stellatus Sab.
21 affinis Sab
22 urbanus Sab. H. tr. 7, 11.9,
12
pectinatus Sab.
J. C.
13 spectbilis
18 penicillatus J. C.
23 pllidus J. C.
16783 Flowers unibracteate, Filaments incurvedly spreading puberulous geniculated above.
sif bluntish cut in the middle, Scape 1.2-flwd. Segments of perianth ovate bimaculate in the middle
# #: '' mucron. striated, Scape 2-4-ilwd.
Per. 6-parted, Segm. of limb closely imbric.cvate

the perianth
nerved
mucronate, spike 3-4-flwd. Spathe awned 3 times as long as the tube
16786 stem leafy erect branched, Leaves
16787 Spathes marked with linear spots, Segm. of limb oblong, Scape many-spiked, Spikes pendulous
blunt keeled
''
16788 scape cylindric, smooth 2-4- wd. Spathe 2-valved, Valves ov. lacer, membr. veined, Segm. 6 erect acute keeled
i789 Scape few-flowered longer than the leaves, Leaves acute, Perianth funnel-shaped, Tube filiform, Segments
lanceolate acute, Branches of style elongated
the Horticultural Society's garden; and they are described at length in the Society's Transactions where, also, many
of the sorts are beautifully figured.
Cunllll
1150
35-40.
105. GLADIOLUS.
!A| or 1 my.Jn Y Sp. C.O.H.
,
1854.0 ..fi;.
1.. S.! *
imo
Iff*)_ O0 .P16701
r W."4u*;
17I3
107'.i>
.
,
4
,
Nauurt.
1830.
0
p.l S.. P- ^
16794 728onatlii!li'w- Natal
-J,dtW1..4..
natalnsls .
.,
,f32,and
11.ln Bot.
. lieg. 1|: 1b37. IP
Ho*.
to
Bot.
M
16796 . psittaclnus
ilortbm'BS Herb. .. Morton
16796
2-2- leSO.Ol.p.lBAnfl
732a
Lindl.
bloody
U .] or 1 my.8 Bd Sp.L.u.n.
C.G.H.
106.cruenta
ANOMATHE'CA.
ANISA'NTHS
?1|A
16797 107.
. splndcns
Si(. Siel.
splendidAnisinthih.
5 iAlspl(Anisoi.
1) my.jnunequal,
S anlhos.
C.U.H. ";).
18. 0 l.p.l
2504
Nos.
704.
4
706.
in
p.
42.
arc
aUo
referable
to
tins
genus.
16798
Ha. DPETES Soi. DlBTM. (Dis, twice. Oes, an associate | related to * MonrVj **J|t{ ^!
Sio..tor. two-coloun-d
JV oror 2Jl.o
...... 1826.
- D l.pP "-J
catenulta
chaln-aoltai f j\
ljap.au Y.B
W.B Madagas.
* |m
25. -- bicolor'
16799
Morte'a
t'ridldcl
in
p.46.
is
also
referable
to
this
genus.
,
16300 - ll4i. I.EUCOCOTYNE Lindl. 'Leutot. white, iorjw.a club ; sterile anthers.) Wf-Jg *
. odorjta Lindl.
sweet-scented (| 1 su W Valparalsol826. pi
2KB.
No.
752.
in
p
44.
is
also
751
p.
gMUU'
.....rnarrarrangeracnU
ir**"' SP
- referable,. to.L this genus.
,M<U
~mml.) .
16801 9907.
lfiH02
1,(13 -16301 115. Hmei
TRIS.. V^'nî
16805 755a ncpalnsls
. . not of D. Do
rovjn Y.r. Belgian . g

-., - p Siberia la. *.Ti
'long-epathed
loiiBiBi'"""
'
iceno 7bi
long-Ieaved
*0'
N-An,,^8*
10807 79ealongiflia
tough
Do.SW.
16608 8061
i or 1| myjn P
. Hoker Penny Hooker's 111.
Dpi
chllose Hook.Lindl. Chilean
iAI (Syj.pigorho
oror |J1 jn.au
.... Y. Chile
ChilL 18*.
,|
"53 KS s,
Grass-learcd ffuslor
tAJ
ap.ray
2508. -- raminifiMium
16810
9
pmllara
Lindl,
dwarf
4o
Y
Chile
16811
peduncultutn Gill, stalkcdvftrd f j\J or i .o Y Chile ,.>"*
swectest-scntd ^jorlmy
f _ or I Jn WY.spt J.mHejW.p
'jf*
16812 - - .p^
snot.prtotaf
Chile Ml.
snowy
S or 1 jn ChUe
1886. [>D If JJ
fcw Jj,
w
-. odoratissimum
L.
16813
Hook.
-. macultum
grandiflornm
.
large-flowered
or
J
my.Jn
D.p.
N.Amerlcal826.
Dp
Bot re16814
16815 specisum Hook.
Nos.
833. to 840. in R.p. Br.
48., are
referred
to this genus.
..1.
(P.*now.V.l.
7e>ifta^thearstaFr.ph^..theoiherbi>lO
7r**
16816 - 117.
- grandiflora R. Br. large-flowered iAI or 1J W N.Zealand 1. P-' r
in"
16811 -
~ 16795
16
- '
s u,14uestlonably . natalnsU, which is also }
ORDER I.
16790
16791
16792
10793
16794
1151
Lvs. 3-nerved, Scape few-flvd. Segments of cor: ringent even somewhat transparent
Lvs. very narrow, Scape 2-dwd. Tube equal to the spathe, Segments lanceolate obtuse
Lvs. linear ensif. ribbed slightly glaucous, Tube scarcely equal to the spathe
[hollow
Lvs. narrowly linear elong straight rigid promin. 2-nerv
Lower segm. of fl. obovately ovate spoon-shaped
Lvs. broadly ensif. acumin. ribbed, Spike
ich. about 10-dwd. Tube shorter than outer spathe, Segm. ovate
oblong recurved and wavy
1679.5 Leaves ensif bicostate obscured nerved, Spikes term. 10-12-dwd. Sheath dbl. convolute, Tube * length of fl.
campan, spreading
16796 Lvs. 8-9 green nerved acute twisted
15797
Nearly allied to A. Jancea, but differs in having longer tube to flower, greater irregularity of limb and form of
16798
spots at base of 3 anterior segments

Scape simple erect, Lvs. ensif. linear acute smooth nerved, Flowers distichous
16799
16800
Lvs. equal lincar ensif. Scape round branch at top

Lvs. distichousensif. spirally twisted, Scape branched compressed leafy many-flowered
16801
Lvs. linear glaucous, Limb laciniate lanceolate, Stamens sterile subulate obtuse
16802
16-3
16804
Lvs. ovate-lanceolate, Limb linear-lanceolate

Lvs. linear glaucous, Scape longer, involucrum with pedicels twice as snort, Umbel many-flwd.
Lvs. linear, Involucrum sheathed: at top bifid, Peduncle filiform shorter
16805
Crested, Scape 2-flowered, Leaves falcate shorter, Spathe 2-leaved
16806
16-07
16808
scape nearly round it!. flatt. twist. about 3-flwd. Spathe 3-bracts: outer nearly lit. long very narr. atten. Germ.
16810
168ll
Lvs. linear-ensif striat. Peduncs. 4-5 in long, Pedic. 11 in. long also very slender, Pet:6 oblong-spathul. retuse
Foliage minutely hairy, Scape erect longer than 1vs. somet. divided bearing mostly 3 fascicles of flws. Flws.
12 furrows and 12 obtuse angles

sheath radical long surrounding the leaves, Lvs. very long thick quadrangular striated very glaucous
Lvs. in tufts rigid erect linear-ensif. tough, Stem angul, leafy, Ovar, on long stalks not enclosed in flor, leaves
somewh: 3-cornered, Stigm. 2-lb.d. short
16800 stem 3-4-dwd. Lvs. linear-ensif.striat. acumin. slightly falcate, Peduncle shorter than foliaceous spathe
[mucron. Caps. pear-sh. pubes.
with little heart sh. spot at base
Pedun. solit or 2-4, Spathe diphyl. Bract. scariose convolute, Col. of fil. long densely covered with longish
gland. yellow hairs
[sever. very frag. nodding
16813 Lvs. very narrow glauc. subul, at apex, Spath. consist. of bract membran, at margin lowerm. sharpest, Flws.
16814 Stem remarkably compressed, Spathe lanceol. condupl. green with broad white membr. margin. Germ. glandir.
16815 Bulb ovate, Lvs. mostly radic. dply, striat. sheathing, Spathe 2 unequallvs. about 2-flwd. Pedun. 1-in. long
16812
curved, ov. oblong glabrous

16816
Stem terete simple, Lvs. lanceol. veined, Spathe gener. 3-flwd. Segm. of cor. spathulate, Root bulbous
16817
Lvs. oval-oblong pointed smooth on both sides, Flowers in long racemes

16806
16816
16817
in
&
&
2:
-
16815
16815. Sisyrinchium specidsum is a lovely species, found about Valparaiso, on sandy hills; to be brought to periec
tion, it requires to be planted in dry light soil, and placed in a warm sunny situation in the green-house.
4 E
Cl irl
"I
IUI
Class IV. -TETRANDRIA.
MONOGYNIA.
230.
lSOPO'GOrl.
long-leaved
IJl'ii. loiiKin.lliu
1618
Bixteri R.R..Br.Br.Br. Baxter's
16SI9
London'!
. Lodont
16320
linearis . Br.
=:-.
.Sr.
- crlclium . ,. Heath-leaved
Uoj3 au
N. Holland 182 ..p
9510.- 237^cnOSPF.'RMUM
.
ttxiohum
Sr.
Yew-leaved
ujoriin.
^
,
ft**i_
.
*>ti
11
leaved
Mt__Jor
0
au.
s
!'-:.
16822 .
.^. (,./^,.
BOTRY'CERAS
'l
aurel-lik.
;";: ,,.....,..
^ Sd. I-i- I
II 2376.V'r'taurn"".
Laurel-like .U
U
,3,2. 238.ANAD,A
. , :
. pulchlla . Br.. .neat(Aôut^.^^-r^^^
t-J
1
. ProtluCti
0< Sf.1-1'
"-1-1'
(Aga**,
admirable,
/
J^
16*.
.
2513. 238. AGA'STACHYS .sweet-scent
Br
16829 - . odorta . .
Sp.FN.ie-*oS.W. 1824 If ^
S39. GREVI'LLE^.
1 jor * P P
16826 1409nconclnna
. . neat
1411 linearla
,_jor 4 P- J* g HoUandl822. . p Hj^.
/3 Incarnta . M. flesh-coloured
ypubscens
alba LoiHooi. viU\te-owered
pul>esccnt
16827
H16rt
ho&Ty-baved
16828 1416ft canscena . .
16829
Br.
l_Jor
robust
16830 1420a
1420ft Calyi
robustaR..
Va^HcI82S.I"P >'*'
W
as. HOUSTO'N/. Wlld-Thytne-Ivdf pr
16831 1541a jerpyllllolia Ms.
Sp. 10-16 ? 1836. D M- 1*"
3, Hin. Bt.PkPer.ia
CRUCIANE'LLA.
16832 - 271.- ylosa
Tri.
long-styled
16833 1738a'linMrJaGra. lrabricate.M .up, .m n 4 '
295. OLDENLA'NDM.
Boll
16834 . Dcppean S. & C. Dcppc
2511.
10835
B.ATie w*u v r
296. MANETTM.
_l_|or 5
SP-4-*' .?
f5 D"D Hl
' SfS
W-1
297. EPIME'DIUM. .
1? W
U.p Jap
Japao I*
frl'ap
IW--7
V Japan ! D P*,J
grandinbrun; jS*.
ct_coIoirred i iAI or
16839 1703c eiolceum Airo. Violet
- fragi
1682 - ' - 16
16820
,1 16824
..
'^"7^';;,
and cotting **
2S14. pdstoraa. The species off ,is
this genus thrive loin an,
any kW ' * * , . ^ ^
jnd.-r
a
haml-gliiss,
In
little
heat.
,
hnlD,
which.
pcrlwP'i
2516. JStmh,,,^. A very desirable, nearly hardy snruo,
ORDER 1.
TETRANDRIA MONOGYN.I.A.
1158
CLAss IV.- TETRANDRIA.

MONO G. P.N.I.A.
16818 Lvs. linear-lingulate: upperm. quite entire: lower ones sub 3-fid. Calyx silky, Stigma smooth
16819 Lvs. hard stiff glandull on both sides: upper 1 or 2-trifid cune. & 1 or 2ce twisted at base, Heads of dws.crowd.
16-20 Lvs. coriaceous lanc.-lingul. or subspathul. faintly 3-nerved, Branches & perianth smooth
16821 Lvs. subulat-filif. imbricated, Spikes shorter than the axillary peduncle
16822 Lvs. lanceol.-linear acute mucron, slightly pubescent somewhat obliquely twisted
16823 Leaves lanceolate coriaceous serrated, Panicle corymbose
16824 Lvs. pinnatifid slightly hairy, Lobes cuneiform, Follicle viscid
16826 Bran. hoary slightly angul. Lvs. lin. revol. at edge with small mucro somet. 2 or 3-fid at point densely hairy
ben. Cal. extern silky
16827
16828
16829
16830
Lvs. spathulato oblong mucronate pubes, on both sides, Racemes corymb. Pedicels and calyx smooth
Lvs. oblong-obovate obtuse mucron.: above pubescent: beneath very downy pale grey, Racemes recurved
Lvs. pinn. segm. altern. lin.-obl. obt. : above downy with patent ferrug. hairs; below silky with adpressed hairs
Lvs. pinnatif.segm. acute smooth and veiny above
beneath, Racemes panic. Peria. & pistil very smooth
16831 Caespitose bearing many rooting stems, Lvs. spathul. rather hairy, Peduncle termin. 1-flwd. elongated
16832 Procumbent, Lvs. 8-9 in a whorl & are as well as stems hispid, Style clavate much exserted bifid at apex
16833 Lvs. sessile rhomb-ovate acute very entire imbricated or spreading, Bract. few naked.
16834 Lvs. petiol, ovate-lanceol, taper. into petioles firm much acuminated rather revol., Stip, white glandul. downy
setosely jagged, Panic. loose at ends of bran.
16835 Plant hairy, Lvs. roundish undulated spreading
16836 Lvs. cordate-acumin. shining on both sides, Bract. connate, Pedun. axill. 1-flwd. Tube clavato-funn.-shaped
16837 Petiol. numer. filiform dichot. sparingly hairy more abund. at swollen joints, Petals flat
16838 Lvs. tritern. leafl. cord.-ovate petiol.
Rac. many-flwd. Sep. lin. obt. Petals ov.-lanc. inner ones spurred
twice long. th: outer ones
16839 Lvs. tritern, leaf. ovate-oblong petiol.smooth
'.
16834
* 16835
16838
on crnus sanguinea. It is readily propagated, either by seeds or by cuttings. The fruit, when ripe, somewhat
resembles that of the arbutus, but is much larger. The flesh is yellowish white, rather insipid, but not unpleasant,
although a little bitter; and, as Mr. Royle informs us, it is eaten by the iuliabitants of the hills in the Himalayas.
4 E 2
1151
Page IOS. Class V. PENTANDIUA. 5 Summ.
Order 1. MONOGYNIA.
5 Stamens.
1 Style. i tube mMcmi *
Ii. NS*. DmgUi\a. Caps, cartilaginous.
1-cellcd, S-alved.
Cor. infundlbullform
m T5 * "ll,lu,e depressed cup. Scedl 2, peltate oblong, convex on outside, cenare oo mis.
..,?,,/
Cal.campanulatc, 5-cleft. Cor. salrer-sh., tube sleuder. Slam, inserted w*""
r>i9. Cells
Et"'ofcaps.
Sf":1.2-seeded.
Cor- "iduouj.
Ovar,slender
pilose.tubePlacenta
or many,
ovulate. Cap
bJK*
|.
&icrtmbrg\a.
Cor. with long
and euuallinear,
dilated4.limb,
stam.exsertcd
; fiUJMO.*KM
tube.
2?' ]*Cor.orwith
short tube and dilated rather uneq.-Urab. Sum. unequal, enclosed.
toase,
sagnt.C'UI,Itransverse
peltate.
MSI.
3-cclled
; cellsCor.8-seedod.
2j22. .
388. Mrrrtlrft,
Guia. Cal.Ovarium
campanul.,
5-clcft.
lunnel-th. or iubcampan. Sumens inserted la throat rJki
. MM. nSpWtetr. Cal. tubularly campanulate, 5-clclt. Cor. somewhat salrer-shaped. Sami.lM""d 1
caps,
224.many-seeded.
388c.ol l.inunthut.
with 5 strong green nerves, terminating in lubul. recur*, _.
upper
part
CellsCel.
ofCal.tubul.
caps,tubular,
many-seeded.
Cor.
Anthers
filiform,
hardlv
sagittateCor.
at base.
2525.tunael-sh.
* tube.
-.
campanul.
funnel-sh. Tube rhort, exserted. Sum. inrt. "
Anthers
linear.
sagittate Cal. tubuL .
.j,,.
. 388tf.
,unIiei-ih.,: tube
tu*"TjW*"~
iWJjh
long,
ntheri linear lagittate.
campan. ; lobes linear, subulate- Cor.
^"j-s^^ t[K:
thftaU
iS5deStthcntoma.
segments half-bearded
Lal. bibracteate. . r.shnti ffith
hanginglellder
from^SSfumn.
top o - s^,exsertca- ^
v
on ooof. Tt-H-ArtTifrOrt.
û^^-^
Stam.a.anrerti... Ovarium *~
"Cnl. fOlllCiCS
and cor-uvate5-parted.
MaSSSSS^f:.,
....
f
med-
ing. Caps.2-ce"ed.manr-,eeded-
L6S41
1GS42
16843
16844
i45
16847
MONOGYNiA.
Sp.2-5
Calitomla, 1826. D I P Bot.-1
323.
ABRO'NIA.
honey-beartng
-* Pr J jn.au
_2I. 1826. S
18.VJU inclinera Hou.
Sp-9Y Caucasus
J i ap.jn.
a32. ONO'SMA.Bieb.
Y Spain 1824- S I P
ap
io
1909atlnctoriam
11912*11.
"!,
.eededij!
1912 triceros|>mium.HT. .-eeoea
Sp.7-?.
B1 1835. S
343. ftavescens
NtrNE-IMet/ yello.l.M. O O' 'l-r-0 Ysh Sp.9-4
I966u
Pa.Li B. Ayrei 1829. I P
^'ilÛellotrope-lK-a3-5. 18. S i
RB.w.YSp.Cllile
ljau
Peru i54. - rl
1
au
20064 iirlphcir.ilia . Atripn
CRDER 1.
PENTANDRIA
MoNogyNIA.
1155
2538.46.4x. Siphocampylos. Limb of cal. 5-parted. Tube of cor. curved, undivided, ventricose in middle; limb 5
parted, bilabiate. Stams. and anthers combined, anth. bearded. Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved, dehiscent.
2.539,467a. Lechenaultia. Calyx superior. Cor. with tube on upper side. Anth. at first cohering. Stigma obso
lete, bilabiate in bottom of indusium. Caps. prismatic, 2-celled, 4-valved. Seed cubical or nucamentaceous.
2540. 470a. Brunonia. Heads involucrate. Cal. 5-fid, 4-bracted. Cor. monopetalous, infundibuliform ; limb 5.
rted Stam. 5, hypogynous. Anth connate. Ovar. 1-seeded. Seed exalbuminous.
2541. 478a. Loycesteria. Cal. with an ovate tube, and 5-parted irregular limb. ciliated with glands. Cor. funnel
sh. tube gibbose at base, limb 5-parted and campanulate. Stigma capitate. Berry roundish, 5-celled, crowned by
calyx ; cells many-seeded.
2542. 491a. Luculia. Calyx 5-parted, segms. foliaceous. Cor. tubular ; limb 5-lobed, imbricate in aestivation.
Stigma bipartite. Caps. 2-celled. Seed samaroid, surrounded by jagged membranous margin.
2543. 496a. Uncarna. Cal. tubularly urceolate, 5-cleft. Caps. peducellate. clavate, attenuate at base. Flws. less
crowded than in Naucla.
2544.509.a. Colletia. , Calyx campanulate, coloured. Petals 0. Anth. 1-2-celled, reniform or ovate. Disk cup-sh.
Style simple, elongated. Fruit dehiscent, containing 3 nuts.
2545. 5096. Retanilla. Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft. 1'etals cucullate, sessile. Stam. enclosed. Anth. reniform, 1
celled. Disk covering bottom of calyx. Style simple. Fruit containing a 3-celled nut.
2546. 509c. Trevoa. Cal. turbinate, 5-cleft. Petals cucullate. Stamens enclosed. Anthers 1-celled, reniform.
Disk almost wanting. Style long, hairy. Caps. membranous, 2-valved, 1-seeded.
2547. 518.a. Coleonma. Cal. 5-parted. Disk adnate to base of cal. with 5-lobed margin. Petals 5, with spreading
border. Anth. terminated by minute sessile gland. Caps of 5 horned carpels.
2548. 529.a. Escallonia. '' of the calyx semiglobose, adnate to ovarium ; limb 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Petals 5,
arising from calyx. Stam. 5. Anthers ovate-oblong. Stigma peltate. Style filiform, permanent. Caps. baccate.
Seeds numerous.
25:9. 540a. Erpetion. In every respect the same as "lola, but the sepals are hardly drawn out at base, and the
lower petal is not drawn out into a spur; but furnished with a small gibbosity. Anth. without appendages.
2550. 241a. Hymenanthera. Sepals imbricate. Petals at length reflexed: Structure of stams. as in nola, but
joined at base into monadelphous disk, with a scale at back of each. Caps, rather baccate, 2-celled; cells 1-seeded.
2551. 56.5a. Oplotheca. Cal. semi-5-fid, bibracteate. Cor. 0. Nectar. tubular. 5-toothed. Anth. 5, sessile atmouth
of tube of nectarium, and alternate with its teeth. Utriculus 1-seeded. Style undivided. Stigma capitate.
Order 2.
2552.578a. Harrisonia.
process or tooth.
DIGYNIA. 5 Stamens. 2 Styles.
Cor. urceolate, 5-toothed, throat naked.
Crown of stam. of 5 pieces, each with a fleshy
2.353. 578b. Tweedia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla campanulate. Corona simple of 5 retuse exserted pieces opposite
the petals. Pollen masses ventricose. Stigma acuminated bipartite. Gynostegium none.
2554. 579a. Philibertia. Corona double; outer one annular, entire, fleshy, undulated; inner one inserted on the
top of the gynostegium of 5 entire fleshy segments. Cor. urceolate, sinuately 5-lobed, furnished with small teeth be
tween the segments.
2555 5.00a. Physinthus. Cor. tubular. Tube inflato-ventricose; limb 5-fid, connivent.
2556. 592a. Tylophora. Corona simple, 5-lvd. ; leaflets depressed, fleshy, toothless inside, pressed to the gynoste
gium. Pollen masses transverse or ascending. Cor. rotate.
Order 3.
2557. 684a. Stackhosia. Calyx 5-parted.
Thig YN1A. 5 Stamens. 3 Styles.

Petals 5, joined by the claws.
Stamens unequal, alternating with the
petals. Stigma acute, simple. Capsule tricoccous.
MONOGPTNia.
16841 Lvs. ovate or ovato-oblong somewhat sinuated glutinous, Per. 1 in. long, Tube glabr. Limb spreading waved
[Filams. very short
163-;2 Tubercul hispid or strigose; hairs or strigae spread. Stem much bran. Lvs. lanceol. upper ones ailat. at base,
les-3 Strigose, Flws. drooping longer than oalyx, Nut 3-horned
16844 Downy also beset with stiff bristles or strigae, Stem diff, or erect bran. Lvs. obl.-lan. ac. ent caul. ones sess.
flor. ones subcord., Cor. equal to calyx
[4-seeded
16845 Stem somewhat shrubby, Bran. herbac. hairy, Lvs. ellipt. obtuse pubesc. on both sides waved, Berry 4-celled
[1-seeded
16846 Prostrate hairy, Lvs. ovate obtuse pilose, Segms. of cal: triangul. Cor. campanul-funnel-sh. Drupes cumul.
16847 Procumbent rather villous, Cal. campanul segms. ovate-lanceol. acute connivent, Lvs. spatul.: root ones large
11.56
348
16848
16840
ARENTIA.
2008a pubscens Dec.

2009a argntea Gae.
349. ANDROSACE.
16850 2013a carinata Torrey
16851 2015a
Led.
16852 2017a lineris Grah.
macrocarpa
CLAss V.
Sp. 55.
pubescent
silvery
ic A pr. ; my.jn W
r: A pri myjn W
keeled
large-capsuled
* A pr. 3 ap
O pr
jn.au
linear-leaved
2 Apr
's:n. 1824.
D. s.p Bot. cab. 1273

Switzerl. 1826. D. s.p
Sp. 1317.
N. Amer. 1826. D. p.s. Sw.fl.gar.2.s.106
Siberia
1 ap.my W
1827. S
co
N. Amer. 1826. D. s.p
2516. 349a. DOUGLA'SIA Lindl. Douglasia. (David Douglas,the lamented bot. collector.) Primulaceae. Sp.11.
- nivlis Lindl.
P
Rocky M.1827 S s-p Bot. reg. 1886
snow-inhabitings: A pri ap.
16853 -
350. PRI''MUL.A.
2023 farinosa
Sp. 31.48.
a small red-flowered, Sw, fl. g. 2. s. 65a.
8 large
'**'. ditto 65b.
2-white-flowered, ditto 65-.

Egypt
1826. D s-p Bot-mag. 2842
Italy
1824. D # Fl.nap. 1.13
Hungary 1825. D. s.l. Leh.m. 2
Europe. 1825. D. p.1 Fl. au. 5.46
Switzerl. 1826. D. p.1 Sw, fl. ear. 25
2025a verticillata Forsk, verticil, fivs. lvs. # A pr. 1 mr
16854
16855
16856
16857
16858
2025b suaveolens Bert,

2025c inflta Leh.
sweet-scented
inflated
A pri, mr.my Y
A pr.8 mr-my Y
20.27alongiflora All.
long-flowered
2033.a glaucsceus Moret, glaucescent
2036 sinnsis
Y Apr 1 my jl R
* a or * jn.jl Pk
white-flowering ual pr. ; Jaco W
a flore Albo
fimbriata rosea frigd rose-cla-fia e L-J prl
fimbriata Alba
fringed white-rld a LA, pr 1
pleasing
if A pri
16850 2039a amoena Bieb.
Siberian
Sy. A pr
16860 2040asibirica Jac.
sintegerrima Hook, very entire
EY AI or 1
- venusta Host
neat
* A pr
16861
353. DODECANTHEON,
2046 Media
a lilcina Swt.
Lilac-flowered
Balbiflora Swt
elegans Swt.
Stor,
2046aintegrifolium Mr.
Jaco
jaco
ap-ji
my.jl
mrap
ap.my
China
... S s-p Sw, fl. gar, 196
gardens 1833. S. s.
gardens 1833. S. s.1
Ro
W
P.
R
R.Li
P
Caucasus 1823. D. s.l
Siberia 1818. D. p.1

Altaic M-1832. D. p. Bot-mag. 3445
Hungary 1833. D. s.l. Bot, reg. 1983

Sp. 22.
1 ap-jn Li
Virginia 1744. D 1
Bot. mag. 12
white-flowered Y. A or 1 ap-in W
* A or 1 apjl Ro
gardens 1824. D 1.
gardens 1827. D 1
Bot. cab. 1489
elegant
gigantic
entire-leaved
A A or
Ek is or 2 ap-jl Li
Ek a or 4 ap.jn L.P.
ardens
Swflgar, 2.860
1819. D 1
Amer. 1829. D 1.p. Pluk. al-76.6
16862
Sp. 710.
odoratum
7 albiflorum
salbidum
* A or ; ap.my R
Greece 1816. S. p.1 Sw, fl. gar, 117
* A or 4 ap-my R
Italy
1824. S. p.1
Sp. 6-13.
O pr1 mys P.
Nepal 1824. S. co Sw.fi gar. 132
354. CYCLAMEN.
2049 persicum
a inodorum
g
2050 hederaefolium
a purpurscens
16863
16864
1686.5
2050a repandum Sm.

repand
2050bneapolitanum Ten. Neapolitan
357. ANAGA*LLIS.
2070a indica Swt.
2073 Monelli
lilacina D. Don
Indian
Lilac-flowered
ual or 1 my.
Li
A. or
P.B.Y.R.Madeira 1834. C it Bot. mag. 3380
- Willmoredna Hook. Willmore's
au.o.
......
1836. C. p.1 Sw.f.gar. 377
16866
369. PHLO"X.
2110b reflexa Supt.
reflexed
Y A or 3 jls
spenduliflora
z corymbosa
21.11a cordata Ell.
cordate-leaved sy. A or 3. ...
Lalo or 1 su.aut
16868 2109a Drummndii Hook. Drummond's
16867
2111 pyramidalis
Sp. 2848.
hybrid
R
3 Alba
D. p.1 Sw, fl.gar. 232
Pa-P Carolina 1827. D. p.1 Sw-fl-garn.s.l.,

Ro-P Texas
1835.8&Clt.l. Bot, mag. 3441
16869
21.18a canadnsis hort,
16870 21185 aristata B. C.
16871 2118c procumbens Leh.
16872
16873
16874
2118d speciosa Dou.

2117a tardiflora Penny
longiflora Swt.
urburea
21.10a odorata Swt.
2110c scabra Swt.
1687.5
16870
2517,
16877 -
Canadian
awned
procumbent
A or 1 ap.my B
A prlap
W
x: A or * my
F
N. Amer.1825. D. p.1 Sw, fl. gar, 21

Carolina 1828. C. p.
Bot-cab. 1731
N. Amer. 1827. D. p.1 Sw, fl-gar.nis."

Columbia 1826. C. s.l. Bot. reg. 1351
N. Amer. 1825. D. co Swiff-garn-31
show
late-flowering
Y. A or 2 au.o
purple-fund.
A or 2 aus
A or 3 au
* A or 3 au
hybrid
Li
Li
N. Amer.
D. p.1 Sw-fl-gar, 2
N. Amer.
D plew.f.gar.218
sweet-scented
scabrous
360a. COLLO'MIA Nut. ColloM1A.

- heterophylla Hook. various-leaved
or
...
(Kolla, glue; flowers.)
o or
16866
a jns
Pk
1836. D co
Polemonidceae. Sp. 7-7.
N.W.Am. 1826, sco Boi.mag. *

16871
16873
16872

Phlr. All the phloxes are ele
the taller kinds in beds or borders. O nt plants; the lower-growing sorts are most ornamental on rockwork, and
the latter by far the most splendid is P. drummondii, which, with ferbena
chamadrifolia, ought to be in every flower-garden.
360.
*DRDER 1.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYN.I.A.
1157
16848 Lvs. ovate acuminate pubescent crowded on the stem

1-849 Lvs. ovate acuminate with a mucro at the point slightly pubescent and silvery
[nearly to base persist.
16-50 Lvs. crowded ovate-lanceol. acute keeled on upper side ciliat. Scape villous, Umbel many-dwd. Cal.,5-cleft
1 *-51 Lvs. oblong acuminate smooth above and slight downy beneath, Capsuie large
16852 Lvs. linear mucron. slightly pubescent underneath
16853 Lvs. lin. obtuse subamplexic, closely hairy, Bran. rigid hoary subverticil., Flws. subumbell. on long pedunc.
16854 Lvs. oblong acute serrat. powdery beneath, Flws. verticill., Invol. leafy, Tube of cor. very long, Segms. entire
16855 Lvs. lanceolate smooth
16-56 Lvs. ovate oblong

16-57 Lvs. ovato-lanceolate
16858 Lvs. oblong-lanceol. acute rigid cartilaginous margin beneath glaucous, Umbel few-flowered, Calyx acum. th.
[than cal.
16-59 Lvs. spathul. obl. rugose slightly hairy above densely woolly below, Umbel many-flwd. Tube scarcely longer
16860 Lvs. oval-subrotund petiol. very ent or obtusely cren. Umbel few-dwd. loose nodding, Invol. 4-lvd. Leafl.
spurred at base
16861 Lvs. obl. obovate undul. smooth repando-dentic. Flws. umbellate nodding, Cal. tubular 5-fid
16862 Lvs. oblong entire
16863 Lvs. cordate minutely toothed, Segm. of cor. oblong obtuse

16-64 Lvs. variable either ivy-sh. hastate heart-sh. arrow-sh. or irreg. coriac. alw, plaited middle lobe somet. much
extend. Cal. segs. reflex short sharp twist
16865 Stem ascending branched slightly winged, Lvs. sessile cordate-ovate scabrous at the margins
16866 Differs from A. Monlli in the cor, being of brilliant blue-purple above paler and redder ben, the eye or centre
yellow minutely and irregul. crenat.
16867 Stems downy scabr. spot. Lvs. refl. glabr. shining above; lower narr. lanceol. ; upper cordate acute, Teeth of
cal. lanceol. mucron. spread.
16868 Lvs. oblong-cordate acumin. edges scabrous, Pedic. and cal.
Segms. long awned
16869 Stem clothed with long pat. hairs, Lvs. lower oppos. oblong-spath. : upper altern. oblong acute arist. Segms.
of cor. very acumin, reflexed
[Cal. teeth subul. lin. Tube much long. th: cal.
16870 Stem rather
Upper lvs. broadly lanceo. oppos. and altern, lowe, ovate, Bran, downy few-flwd. compact,
16871 Procumbent, Panic. loose fastigiate, Pedic. generally twin, Cal: teeth very long subulate
16872 Bran. cithd. with hair-lk. down as well as pedun. and cal. Lvs. lan. acute atten. at base smoothish ciliat. Tube
hairy erect twice long. than cal.
16873 Shrubby, Lvs. lin. acumin. pungent dilated somewh. ciliat. at base edges callous. Branches of corymb. 3-flwd.
16874 Stem roughish obscur. spot. Lvs. lanc.-acumin. glabr. both sides shining: upper ones broadest, Tube of cor.
3 times longer than cal.
form thyrsoid raceme
16875 Lvs. lower linear: middle obl.-lan.: upper cord.-ovate, Teeth of cal. ovate shortly acumin erect, Bran. of
16876 Stem
at bottom downy at top, Lvs. obl.-lan. acute scabr. above undul. scabr. edges, Panic. loose, Cal.
teeth subul. straight
[crowded shorter than invol.
16877 Prostrate, Lower lvs. pinnatif. and cut; upper cuneate pinnatif, or cut, Invol. Ivs. oblong acute entire, Flws.
":
16877
Colonia. A genus of annual plants of the easiest culture, requiring only to be sown in the open ground in
spring. Some of the species are pretty, and deserving of cultivation.
2517.
4 E 4
can v.
FIRST ADDITIONAL suPPLEMENT.
1158
16878 -
- Cavanillsii H. & A. Cavanilles's
16879 16880 -
16881 16882 -
16883 -
O or 13 jn.n
R.Y
Phlx limeris Cav. not C. linearis Nut. C. coccinea Lehm.
grandiflora Dou.
reat-flowered
O or 2 jn.o
Saf
lineris Nut.
inear-leaved
O or 1 jn.o
R
gilioides Benth.
Gilia-like
O or 1 jn.o
Pk
glutinosa Benth.
glutinous
O or prjn.o
Pk
grcilis Dou.
slender
O or
jn.s Pk
Chile
1832. S co Bot. mag. 3468
C. lateritia D. Don
N.W.Am. 1826. S co Bot. reg. 1174
N.W.Am. 1826. S co Bot. reg. 1166
California 1833. S co
California 1833. S co
N.W.Am. 1826. S co Bot. mag. 224
Sp. 5-12.
370. POLEMONNIUM.
16884 -
- Richardsonii Grah. Richardson's
16885 -
- pulchrrimum Hook. prettiest
S. A or 1.jlo
12 A or "t jl.au
Pa.B N. Amer. 1826. S co Bot. mag. *00

B
N. Amer. 1827. S. co Bot. mag. 2979
Sp. 4-6.
373. PHACE*LIA.
16886 2.125a congesta Hook.

ouped-racem.
16887 - tanacetifolia Benth. Tansy-leaved
16888 -
- vinifolia Part.
Vine-leaved
EUtocA. (Eutokos, fruitful; number of seeds.) Hydrophytice.

Sp. 66.
O el 1 ap.jl
Pk
N. Amer. 1827. S. s.l. Bot. mag.2985
O el 1* my.jl Pk
N. Amer. 1826. S. s.l. Bot. reg. 1180
2518. 373a. EU'TOCA R. Br.

16889 16890.
16891 -
- Franklinii R. Br.
- multiflora Doa.
Menziesii D. Don.
- sericea Grah.
16892 16893 -
- divaricta Benth.
- Wrangeliana Fis.
16894 -
- viscida Benth.
O or 11 jn. Br:psh.B Texas 1835. S co Hot mag. 3452

O or 2 jn.au
Californ. 1832. S. co Bot. reg. 1696
O pr1; au.o Bt. B Texas 1834. S it. Paxt.mag. 3.121
Franklin's
many-flowered
silky
straggling
Wrangel's
clammy-haired
O el
1 my.jl
N. Amer. 1827. S. s.l. Bot. mag. 3003
Q pr... myjn L.V. Californ. 1833. S it. Bot, reg 1784.

O el
O el
1 au
2 jl
Californ. 1835. S s.l. Sw.flgar.2.5.36.

B.ro Californ. 1834. S. s.l. Bot. reg. 1808
B
Sp. 34.
377. BRUGMA*NSIA.
16895 2171a sanguinea R. & P. bloody
* L or 20 on
R.o
Peru
1833. C l
Bot. reg. 1739
bicolor Pers.
Sp. 5ll.
Mexico 1835. Slp. Bot. mag. 3626
jesuit.)
Soland ceae. Sp. 4-4.
378. LISIANTHUS.
16896 2174a. Russellianus Hook. D. of Bedford's

wo) or 3 1.au
P
381a. N1 EREMBERGIA Kth.
(J. E. Nieremberg, a
- calycina Hook.
large-calyxed *- LA] or 1 jl.o
- grcilis :
slender
if u/\l el
# ji
Wsh
- filicatilis Lindl.
thread-stem.d. to laj or 1 my
Li
- aristta D. Don
awned-calyred it u\l or 1 au
W.P
2520. 38 lb. PETU"Nna J.
PetUN1A.
(Petun, the name for tobacco
16901 - nyctaginiflora J. Mar. of Peru-flwd r A or 1 jns
W.
16902 - intermdia D. Don intermediate
gua or 1 au.o P.Y.
Salpiglssis lineris Hook. Nierembrgia intermdia Grah.
s:"
2519.
16897 16898 16899 16900 -
16903 -
D. Don
alpiglssis inte
10904 -
urple-flowered "... I spl 24 jn:n
'm'
ook.
- Atkinsiana D. Don Atkins's

382. NICOTIA"NA.
16905 2998a glauca Grah.

16906 - longiflora Cav.
16907 -
Parana
Swifl-gar.2.s.255
1832. Cp.s
in Brazil.)
Solandceae. Sp. 44.
S. Amer. 1823. C co Sw.f.gar. 119
Parana 1832. Slt
Sw.fl.gar-2 s. 237
-
C.P. B. Ayres 1831., C. s.l.. Bot. reg.
1626
laucous
a L-J or 20 au.o Y.G
ong-flowered
O or 4 jl.s
O or 3 s. o
- prsica Lindl.
Persian
16908 -
- acuminata Grah.
- multivalvis B. R.
acuminate-lvd A or 2 jn.s
many-valved
co or 2 jl.au
383. 1 POMOE"A.
-Aitonii Lindl.
Bot. mag. 33.71

Bot. mag. 3108
Bot. reg. 1649
Nierembergia phoenicea D. Don. Petiania violcea Lindl.

O or 2 jl.o Rich P Eng.hyb. 1834. Clt
Sw.fl.gar.2.s. 268
Sp. 19-32.
16909 16910 -
Uraguay 1834. Clt.r

Uraguay 1831. Slt.r
B. Ayres 1832. Cp
Aiton's
_i D or 10 ap.o
16911 -
- Horsflliae Hook.
Mrs. Horsfall's #2N spl 20 d.ja
16912 -
- rimbro-caerlea Hook, reddish-blue
16913 -
- bonarinsis Hook.
Bucnos Ayres
16914 -
-bignoniides Sims
Bignonia-like *... [Z\] pr: jl.au
.# [A]
[ZN spl?8 s.n
or 10 au
B. Ayres 1827. C lip
Pk
Chile
W.G. Persia
Bot mag. #'
1819. Sco
Fl. per. 2. 130
1831. S s.lt
Bot. reg. 1532
W
W
Chile
1827. Sco
Bot mag. 291
Columb. 1826. Sr.m. Bot. reg. 105
Sp. 57116.
Pa. P .....
S C rim Bot. reg. 1794
-
Ro
Africa
1833. C p.l
B.R.
P
Mexico ?1833. Sp. Bot. mag.3%

B. Ayres 1826. S. r.m. Bot mag. 36.65
Bot. mag. 3315
Cayenne 1834. C. p.l
Bot. mag. 2645
Batatas bignonioides Don's Mill.
2521. 384a. PHARBINTIS Chois. PHARBIris. (Farbe, colour, Ger.: beauty of flowers.) Convolvulaceae. Sp.4
16915 -
- diversifolia Lindl., various-leaved 4 to pr. 5 in. s B.R.

Mexico P1836. S it.r
Nos. 2240.2244, and 2.245, in p. 138, are referable to this genus.
Bot. reg. 1988
#1s.
Eatoca. A genus of showy hardy annuals. They succeed best on rockwork, in dry, sandy, or gravelly
2519. Nierembrgia. All the species are exceedingly elegant when in blossom. In the open border they succeed
well from May to Sep., and in large patches have a very pleasing appearance. In the autumn it is necessary to Pot"
soil.
DRDER I
PENTANDRIA MONOGYN.I.A.
1159
6878 Lvs. lanceol. linear; upper one ovate lanceol. entire or deeply 2-4-toothed at apex
687*
6-0
* -- I
*-82
e-83
Lvs. ob!. lanceol. entire shinfrig ciliat with glands, Cal. villous glandul. Cor. ventricose
Lvs. ovate-lanceol. quite entire opaque uniform: upper ones downy beneath
Lvs. pinnate, Leafl. linear entire, Cal. deeply 5-cleft, Stamens enclosed
Procumb., Lvs. deeply pinnatif. almost pinnate, Segms. oblong linear entire or slightly cut, Cal. nearly 5-part.
Lvs. lanceol.-oblong obtuse, Cal clothed with black glands, Segments long, subulate
6884 Lvs. pinnate, Leaff. ovate-roundish mucronulate, Segms. of corolla obtuse crenulated
e-8-5 Lvs. pinnate, Leaf. ovate-obtuse glabrous, Segments of corolla ovate acutish
[lateral and term. Rac. corymb.
683.6 Lvs. pinnate, Leafl. altern. very uneq. obl.-ovate some sess. others petiol. pinnatif lobed & cut pubes. Pedunc.
*7
Leafl. oblong dentately pinnatifid, Cal. segments oblong-linear hispid
6-88 Stem slender branching, Calyx linear 5-cleft, Corolla spreading 5 ovate obtuse lobes
6889 Lvs. pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, Ovula 20 or more to each placenta

6-90 Lvs. linear or lanceol. quite entire sometimes trifid or bipinnatif. Placenta 20 or many ovulate
several abortive
6-91 Lvs. silky on both sides pinnatif.: upper leaves linear entire, Stam. 3 times as long as cor. Plac. many-ovul.
16-92 Stem dichotomously divaricate, Leaves all ovate undivided, Placent. 12-20-ovulate
|*-*3 Lvs. ovate acute quite entire, Cor. about twice as long as calyx, Placenta 8-10-ovulate
16-24 Herb clothed with clammy pili, Lvs. cordate ovate rather angul. serrat. Racemes elongated forked and simple
16895 Lvs. sinuately lobed sub-tomentose as well as petiol. and bran. Points of corolla elongated, Calyx 2-3-lobed
[of pedun. Cal. dply. 5-partite
16806 Glabr. & glauc. Lvs. oppos. & connate ovate or ov.-obl. 3-5-nrvd. very acute passing into subul. bracts. at base
[segms. obov. 3-nerved
16-07 Herb clothed with glandul. pubesc. Lvs. oppos. & altern. roundish-obov. petiol. Cal. large campan, foliaceous
10-0- Herb downy, Lvs. linear subspathul. obtuse, Cal. segms. linear bluntish much short. than tube of corolla
le.-->9 Herb glabrous erect filiform, Lvs. lin.-lanceol. acute or obtuse, Tube of cor. glandul. as are the filaments
16:00 Herb smoothish, Lvs. linear acumin., Cal. segms. acumin. much shorter than tube of cor.
[times long. than cal.
160 or Lower Ivs. altern. ovate-oblong obt, pubesc, attenuated, Floral Ivs. sess. cord-ovate oppos. Tube of cor. 3-4
16902 Lvs. linear obt. Cor. funnel-sh. tube scarcely longer than cal. Segms. emarginate, Style clavate
16003 Lvs. ovate on short petioles acute, Cor. ventricose, Segms. ovate acute, Flws. axillary solitary pedunculate
[twice as long as cal.
169c.4 A hybrid between P. nyctaginiflora & P. intermedia, with ovate acutish lvs. Cal. segms. ligulate, & tube of cor.
[cup-shaped
16605 Arboreous, Lvs. uneq. cord-ovate naked on long petiol. Tube of cor slightly curv. mouth contract limb small
16906 Lvs. stem-clasping cord.-lanc. acumin. Tube of cor. long filif. 5 times longer than foliac. cal. Lobes of cor.
ovate-lanc. acute
Seg. ov. obt. emar. somew. uneq.
16907 Root lvs. obl. spathul. stem lvs. sess. half-stem-clasp. acumin. hardly repand. Cor. salver-sh. Tube long clav.
16,208 Lvs. broad-lanc. acumin. undul. on longish
Panic. few-flwd. of cor. elong. Segms. roundish obt.
16909 Lvs. fleshy ov.-lan., lower petiol. Flws. axill. solit. Cal. many parted, Caps. many-celled, Segms. of cor. obt
deeply veined
thickened
16010 Lvs. cord roundish 3-lb.d. Lobes acute, Pedun. many-flvd. longer than petioles, Cor. campanulate, Tube
16911 Lvs. quinately digit. leafl. lanc. quite ent margins undulat. Pedun, as long as petiol. Inflor. cymose, Sep.
imbric. obt. eq. Cor. funnel-sh.
[to petrol. Pedun. axil. 3-4-flowered somewh: racem
16012 Lvs. altern. membran. truly cord. deep broad sinus at base sharply acumin. wavy on surf much veined ab. eq.
16913 Lvs. cord. petiol. with very dp. sinus at base 3-5-lbd.in palmated manner, lobes very uneq. Petiol. much short.
!'
th. Ivs. Pedun. axill. solit. 5-7-flwd.
16914 Tuberous, Lvs. trilob lower lobe rounded at base imbricated, Pedun. axill. many-flwd. Petiol. short. Cor.
infundib, limb crispate
1691.5 Lvs. cord.-acumin. pubesc, ent, & 3-lobed auricul. divergent, Pedun. leafy subbifl. Sepals ovato-lanceol. acute
16905
16914
16912
out
all ofeach
readily propagated
cuttings,
and in
thrive
best in light through
rich soil.the winter.
few are
plants
species, andby
preserve
them
the green-house
2520. Petania.
y seldom ripen
pe their
They
seeds.
Culture, propagation, &c., same as that of Nierembergia.
2521. Pharbitis. A genus of very showy, tender, twining annuals. They thrive best in light rich soil, or a mixture
of loam and decayed leaves.
1160

386. NEMO/Pfill A.
16916 2293a parviflora Dou.
1 jl au
+2294 phacelildes Bart. Phacelia-like + O. cu 1} il.au
16917
2294a aurita Lind.
16918 2294b insignis Benth.

16919
2294c atomria Fis.
O or
small-flowered
-: O or 1 my...au P
... O or 1 jno B
ear-leaved
showy
speckled
2522. 388a. GILIA Cav. Gilla.
-x O el
Sp. 5-5.
N. Amer.
N. Amer.
Californ.
Californ.
CLAss"
1826.
1822.
1831.
1833.
S pl
Sco Bot. mag. 2373
S p.1 Bot. reg. 16"
Sr.m. Bot. reg. 1713
jn.o W.spot Californ. 1836. Sp.
(P. S. Gilio, a Spanish botanist.)
Bot. reg. 1940
Polemonidceae. Sp. 14-14.
1. DacTYLoPHY'LLUM. - Lower leaves opposite, all sessile and palmately cut. Flowers solitary on long footstati
Corolla's tube very short, its limbs spreading. Perhaps the species of this section are properly a genus. - Benth
O pr_*
16920 -
- liniflora Benth.
16921 -
-pharmaceides Benth. Pharmaceum-lk
Q pr:
16922 -
- pusilla Benth.
Linum-flwd
O cu
dwarf
...
...
...
...
...
...
Californ. 1833. S. s.l

Californ. 1833. S. s.l
Chile
1833. S s.l
II. IroMpsis. Leaves alternate, pinnately cut or pinnatifid. . . Flowers solitary or associated. The corolla's "
lengthened and protruded far beyond the calyx.
+2300 coronopifolia Pers. Coronopus-lvd
spl 2% jl.s
S
Carolina
Ipomopsis elegans Sm. not of Lindl. Bot. reg. 1281. nor Mx.
- pulchlla Dow.
retty
O spl 2, ji.s
S
NW.Am.
aggregata D. Don, Cntud aggregta Ph.
16024 .
- tenuiflora Benth.
slender-corol.
O or 2 au
Ro.V. Californ.
16925 - aren:ria Benth.
sand-inhab.
O or 1
... B
Californ.
16926 - crassifolia Benth.
thick-leaved
O or 2 ...
Ysh Chile
16923 -
1726. C 1.p
Bot. reg. 1691
1826. C 1.p
Bot. reg. 1281
1833. S co
Bot. reg. 1888
1833. S. s.l
1832. S. s.l
III. EUGI'll A-Leaves alternate, pinnately cut or pinnatifid. Flowers more or less strictly solitary, or more ****
grouped in heads. Corolla's iube as short as, or shorter than, the calyx.
+2301 inconspicua Dou.
inconspicuous
O or 2 au
B
N. Amer. 1793. S co
Bot. mag. 28-3
16927 -
parviflora Spr. Ipomopsis inconspicua Sm. Cntua parviflora Ph.

-tricolor Benth.
three-cla-cor.
O or 1 jls
Lin Californ. 1833. S co Bot reg. 1704
16028.
- laciniata
16929 -
- multicatilis Benth.
16930 -
- achilleafolia Benth. Milfoil-leafed

- capitta Dou.
headed-inflor.
A corlla-lba Dens, white-corollaed
or
ji.s
Wsh.O Californ. 1833. sSco Sw.fl-gar.25.2%
cut-leaved
O cu
jl
many-stemmed
O or 2 ...
Pk
B
Chile
1831. S
Californ. 1833. S
O or 13 au.d
O or 24 jn.n
O or
jm.n
P
B
W
Californ. 1883. s
N. Amer. 1826. S
g d. albicantibus D. Don whitish-dwd
16931 -
##.
2523. 388b. EGO'CHLoA

16932 -
- pngens Benth.
- dichtomus Benth.
(Linon, flax, anthos, flower; resemblance.)

O or 14
forked-bran.
2525. 388d. HUGE'LIA Benth. HUGELIA.

16034 16935 -
co
co Bot. reg. 168?

Co Bot. mag. 26'8
gardens 1829. Sco
Benth. (Air, a goat, chloa, a green herb; some species fetid.) Polemonidore. Sp.16.
prickly-leaved
O cu 14.jn.s B
Californ. 1826. S s.l. Bot. mag. #77
2524. 388c. LINANTHUS Benth.

16933.
co F1.per. 123
Pk
Polemoniaceae. Sp. 1-1.
Californ. 1833. S co
(Baron Chas. de Hugel of Vienna.) Polemonidceae. Sp. 4-4

O or ? : ... B
O or ?l
... Dp.B. Californ. 1833. S co
ic. 200
- densifolia Benth.
crowded-lvd
16936 -
- elongata Benth.
- virgata Benth.
elongated-bran.
twiggy
or ? : ... Dp.B. Californ. 1833. sco Hook it."
16937 -
- ltea Benth.
yellow-flund
O or ? :
...
2526. 388e.
LEPTosrPHON Benth. Lerrosiphon.
tube.).
Sp."
16938.
- grandiflorus Benth. large-flowered
O or(Leptos,
13 au.oslender,
B.go siphon,
Californ.
1833.Polemoniace".
S co
16939.
- androsaceus Benth. Androsace-like
16940 -
- luteus Benth.
16941 16942 -
B
:#
Benth
- densiflorus Benth.
A corlla lba
pale-yellow-flvd
small-flowered
clustered-flwd
white-corol.
O or 1 au.o Dp.B.G. Californ. 1833. Sco Bot res. 1710.

O
()
O
O
or l au.o
or
au.o
or * au
el t p.o
O el
''
# ap.o
Dp.Y Californ.
Pa.Y Californ.
Y
Californ.
P
Californ.
w
Californ.
-
1833.
1833.
1833.
co
1833.
1833.
co Bot. reg. 1725

co Bot. reg. 1725
Sp. 1
2527. 388f FE*NZLIA Benth. FENZLIA. (Dr. Fenzl, author of a monograph of Alsinese.) Polemonicrif.
16943 - dianthiflora Benth. Dianthus-flwd
O or 11 au
P.Y Californ. 1833. Sco Hook. ic. 19.
16924
16928
2622, Gilia. Elegant hardy annuals of the easiest culture, the seeds requiring only to be sown in the open borde
''
in spring.
The larger
the quantity
of eachbut
grown
together,
the more
showyrequiring
their appearance.
XEgchioa.
A genus
of singular,
by no
means showy,
plants,
the same treatment * those of
*111-,
2524. Lindnthus.
Culture, propagation, &c., the same as those of Gilia.
Darora J.
1161
*16
-2-4
** 17
6-18
*19.
Lvs. pinnatif. lobes few broad little-toothed, Cor. scarcely longer than calyx, Placentas 2-ovulate
Nearly related to N. Parviflora, but differs in dws, being twice the size & calycine append. being larger & longer
Petioles auriculately dilat. at base, Cor.twice as long as cal. Lvs. while oppos. connate at base
Lvs. 3-4-lb.d., on each side entire or cut, Petiol. without append. Cor.twice as long as cal. placent. 10-12-ovul.
Pro->o
|->21
1692->
Corolla 3 times longer than the calyx

Corolla twice longer than cal. Flws one half smaller than those of G. Winiflora
Corolla hardly exceeding the calyx, Habit of Arenaria tenuifolia
s:strophiolate
g
u about
u 10-ovul.
V
Lvs.
oppos. pinnatifsmooth
lobes 5-9 alm ent, Cor. rotate very P
pilose bottom & obov. segms.
Placent.
[or ovate flat

+23.00 Lvs. pectin-pinn. Leafl. linear acumin. Tube of cor. 5 times longer than cal. Limb spread. Segms. acute obl.
[acumin. channelled
16023 Lvs. pectin-pinn. cithd.cobwebbed willi as are bract., Leafl. or segms. lin. mucron. Seams. of limb ov.-lanc.
160-24
16-25
16926
Lvs. glabr. bipinn. Flws. usually solit. Corymbs loose on long pedunc. Cor. 4 times longer than calyx
Lvs. pinnatif. Lobes ovate, Flws. somewhat glomer. Cor. 3 times longer than the cal.
Lvs. pinnatif, rather woolly at length glabr. Segm. oblong lanc. ent or cut, Flws. nearly solit. divaric. panic.
Cor.twice long. than cal.
+23.01 Lvs. pinnatif lower ones bipinnate, segms. linear, Flws. solit. term. panic. Cor, about twice length of calyx
16927
Lvs. bipinnate, Leafl. or segms. linear subul. Corymbs 3-6-flwd. virgately panic. Corolla about 3 times longer
1*28
160-29
Lvs. pinnatif. Segms. narrow obl. sinuat., Pedun. axill, solit. 1-3-dwd. Cor tubular hardly long. than cal.
than calyx.
[Cal. segms. subul.
16030
16931
Lvs. somewh. bipinnate smoothish, Segms. linear, Corymbs 3-10-dwd. Pedun. very long, Cor. hardly twice
longer than cal.
[than cor.
Lvs. 2 or 3-pinn. Segms. or leafl. linear subul. Cal. rather woolly, Cor.twice longer than cal. Stam. shorter
Lvs. bipinnatif. Segms. linear cut, Flws. sess dispersed in dense heads, Cor. longer than cal. Stam. shorter
than cor.
16932
Lvs. pinnate, Leafl. ent, or cut lobes lanc. lin. very acute spinose, Cal. segms. lanceol. Fiws glomerate termin.
16.933
Lvs. opposite sessile palmate, with 3 to 5 linear-subulate segments
16034
16935
16936
Lvs. elongated simple or pinnatif clothed with loose white wool, Tube of cor. longer than cal. Stam shorter
16037
Lvs. lower elongated simple glabr. upper short pinnatif woolly, Tube of cor. shorter than cal. Stam equal
Lvs. numerous nearly all pinnatif. glabr. Tube of cor. longer than cal: Stam. about equal in length to cor.
Lvs. short simple or furnished with 1-2-segm. on each side tomen. Tube of cor. exserted, Stam. exceeding cor.
than cor.
to Cor.
16038
Lvs. 7-11-cleft, Segms. subul. straight margins revolute, Tube of cor. hardly twice longer than limb, Filam.
16939
Lvs. 5-7-cleft, Segms. oblong-linear, Tube of cor. 2 or 3 times longer than limb, Stam. 3 times shorter than limb
very short
of cor.
16940
Lvs. ditto, Tube of cor. about 4 times longer than limb, Style scarcely equal to corolla
16041
16042
Lvs. ditto, Tube of cor. 4 times longer than limb, Stams: hardly a shorter than limb of cor. Style little exserted
Lvs. 9-11-cleft, Segms. subul. erect margins revolute, Tube of corolla shorter than limb
16943
Herb nearly simple glabr, or downy, Lvs. oppos. lin, ent. Flws. 1-3 together pedunculate, Cor. nearly 1 in. long
1603.
16939
2525. Hugria. Culture, propagation, &c., the same as those of Glia.

2526. Leptosiphon. All the species of this genus are very pretty showy plants, and are well worth cultivating in
every garden. Culture, &c., of Gilia.
2527. Fenxia. Culture and propagation the same as those of Leptosiphon.
1162
CLAss V
390. HOPTZIA mexicana Lam., syn. No.2302. in p. 142, Loeselia coccinea G. Don, Cntua Hoitzia W.
C. coccinea Poir.
393. E*PACRIS.
16944 2308a campanulata B. C.

A lba B. C.
16945 2308b impressa Lab.
16946 2.308c varibilis B. C.
16947 2308d nivlis B. C.
16948 2308eceraeflora Grah.
16949 2309a paludosa R.Br.
16950 2309bonosmaeffora Cun.
Sp. 1418.
bell-flowered
white-fluid
impressed
variable
snowy-fired
* L J or 3 f.mr
* L or
#*
N. Holl. 1830. C. s.p Bot. cab. 1925

N.S.W. 1830. C. s.p Bot. cab. 1931
N. Holl. 1824. C. s.p Sw.au, 4
N.S.W. 1829. C. s.p Bot. cab. 18:5
2 mr
* L J or 3 ap.jl C
* L or 2 ja.f Bk
a U or 3 mr
W
N.Holl.
1829. C. s.p Bot. cab. 1829
wax-flowered * u_j or 2 mr.ap W

V.D.L. 1831. C s.p Bot. mag.3243
marsh
* U or 3 apjl Pa. R N.Holl. 1825. C. s.p
Onosma-flwd a Ljor 2 ap.jl R
N. Holl. 1823. Cs.p
1695l 2310amucronulta R. Br. small-pointed
a u_j or 3 apjl
It
N. Holl. 1824. C. s.p
2528. 394a.
ME'LICHRUS R.rotate
Br. (Melichros,
honey-coloured; glandsN.ofHoll.
flowers.).
Epacrider.
Sp-2-#.
- rottus R. Br.
* L J or 13 ap-au S
1824.
s.i.p Cav.ic. 4.349.1
16952 -
16953.
- medius Cun.
*u-J or 2 ap.my S
middle
2529. 390a. SPHENO/TOMA Swt.
N. Holl. 1824. C. s.l.p
Epacridea: Sp. 272.
(Sphen, wedge, tome, segment; corolla.)
169.4 - grcilis Snct.

slender
a u_j or "2 ap.my w
N.Holl. 1823. C s-p Sw.au, 44
16955 - capitata R. Br.
spike-headed in Ujor i ap.my w N.S.W. 1830. C s-p Bot. reg. 1515
2530. 399b. TROCHOCA'RPA. R. Br. (Trochos, a wheel, karpos, fruit; cells.)
Epacrideae. Sp. 11.
16956 - lairina R. Pr.
Laurel-leafed : U or 25 ap.au w N. Holi. 1823. C. s.p Bot mag. *
2531. 400a. PONCELESTIA R.Br. PonceLETIA. (M. Poncelet, a French botanist.) Epacrideae. Sp.l-l.
- sprengeliides R. Br. Sprengelia-like r u
or 1 my.jn S
N.Holl. 1826. C s-p
2532. 400b. COSMENLIA R. Br. CosMelia.
(Kosmeo, to adorn;
Sp. 11.
16958 - rubra R.Br.
red-flowered
a u_j or 13
R
N. Holl. 1826. C s.p Bot reg.
+403. AZA"LEA D. Don. AzAleA.
(Azaleos, dry, arid; habitation.)
Ericaceae. Sp. 1-1.
+2339 procumbens Lk.
trailing
*.
or
Pk., Britain sc mo L. s." Eng bot: :
16957 -
The genus Azalea W., in p. 144., is by modern botanists included under Rhododendron, in p. 1190
2533. 413a. PACHYPO DIUM Lindl. (Pachys, thick, podion, peduncle; footstalks.) Apocynaceae. s:
16959 -tubersum Lindl.
tuberous-rooted nu or
5ul
W.R. C.G.H. 1813. C. s.l. Bot cab. '
16960 - succulntum Lindl. succulent
- Ujor i ap.jn W.R. C.G.H. 1820. C. s.l. Bot. reg. 1312
Sp. 10-23.
415. PLUMIE*R.I.A.
1661. 23.6% purprea R. & P.
purple
16962 2366b incarnta R. & P.
flesh-coloured
16963 -
- Lambertiana Lindl. Lambert's
* T or 4 jl.au P
a D or 5 jl.au F
* D or 10 my...au W
- densiflora Wal.
dense-flowered a C or 4 jn
- ferrugineum R. & P. rusty
* D'jir 30
... W.
- grandiflora Lindl.
great-flowered a D or ... au
S. Amer. 1827. C 1-p
Bot. reg. 1491
Sp. 1425.
- odontophylla Wall. tooth-leaved
a D or 6 jl
444. SOLANDRA.
16969 2458a guttata D. Don
Saptee, Sp. 1-1.
s. Amer. 1823. Crim Fl. per 2, 187
435. ARLI'S1A.
16968 -
Sp. 1023.
428. CORDIA
16967 -
1824. C. r.m. Bot reg. 1378
E. Indies 1824. Cpl Bot. reg. 1084

E. Indies 1824. C plBot, reg. 1273
(Nycteris, a bat, sition, food; flower.)
2534. 424a: NYCTERISITION R. & P.
16966 -
1820. Grim F1 per 2 in

1820. Q r.m 1 per 2, #
Mexico
Sp. 6-15.
418. TABERNAEMONTANNA.
16964 2380a gratissima Lindl, most grateful-sctd as D or 6 mys W

16965 -
Peru
Peru
spotted-flund
a D or 12 jn.jl
Pa.Sal. Bengal 1834. C s-p Bot. reg. 1892

Sp. 3-5.
Pa.Y Mexico 1830. C ram Bot. reg. 1551
Sp. 84158.
451. SOLA"NUM.
16970 2521a etubersum Lindl. tuberless

16971 2539a Tweedidnum Hook. Tweedie's
16972 2553a coriaceum Hook.
coriaceous
* A or 2 jlo
if u_J or 13 o
* D or 4 jl.au
Dp.P Chile
1833. D co Bot reg. 1712
.P. B. Ayres 1833. S co, Rot. mag.:*
P.b
...... 1820. C p.1 Bot. mag. 278
16973 16974 -
* D cu 14 jn
rt. Dor- 2 jn.au
P.Y.
- frgrans Hook.
fragrant
- Herbertianum Hort. Herbert's
16052
16954
S. Brazil 1835. C. p.1 Bot. mag. 384

......
1833.
C 1.s Pax. mag. 5.2%

* Melichrus. Fine shrubs, bearing elegant flowers, and therefore desirable plants for all collections. They
best in an equal mixture of sand, loam, and peat; cuttings of the young wood root readily in sand under a bell.
#. Sphenotoma. Culture, &c., the same as those of Epacris.

2530.
rochocarpa. Culture and propagation as for Andersonia.
2541. Ponceltia. Culture and propagation the same as for Epacris.
CP-1, Ea I.
1163
16944 Lvs. ovate reflexed, Flowers axill. whole forming spike, Cor. 2-3 times longer than cal. campanulate
[long. than ciliat. cal.
16045 Lvs. lanc. nearly sess. atten. at apex. mucron. Pedun. 3 times shorter than cal. Tube of cor, prismatic twice
1G-46 Lvs. ovate sessile tapering to apex, Corolla 3 or 4 times longer than calyx
16-47 Lvs. ovate-lanceol. very spreading, Flws. spicate axill. solit. secund, Tube of cor. campan, much long. than
segms. of calyx
16048 Lvs. lanceol. very spreading, Flws. spreading axill. solit. secund, Tube of cor. ovate segms, of cal. acute ciliated
16949 Lvs. narrow-lanceol. acumin. flat striat beneath margins scabr. Cal. segms, very acute naked eq. to tube cf cor.
1695.0 Lvs. ellip.-lanc. acumin. cucull. concave 5-mrvd. mucron.petiol. marg. ciliat. Cor. cylind. ventric. Tube exceed.
: cal.
16951 Lvs. lanceol. very acute erectly spread. ending in pungent pellucid mucro, Cal. segms. acute, margins naked
16952 Cor. rotate, Cal. villous, Lvs. lanceol. lin. pilose on both sides and on margins
16953 Cor. urceol. Cal. pilose, Lvs. lanc. atten. very acute mucron-concave many-nrvd. with membran. dentic. edges
fringed with long hairs
Flor. branch much long. than ovate spikes. Caul. Ivs. lanc-subul. spread or recurv. Bran. 1vs. adpress. Lvs.
Flor. branch much long. than ovate spikes. Caul. Ivs. lanc.-ensif. erectish. Branch Ivs. adpressed
#:

+23.39 The only species
16959 Stems tuberous at base, Lvs. oblong toment. beneath

above, Prickles straight subulate
16-Go Lvs. linear or lanceol. toment. beneath glabr. above, Prickles filiform setaceous
16061 Lvs. oblong-ovate with revolute edges, Flws. terminal cymose
1*2 Lvs. ovate-oblong acute, Flws cymose, Cymose subumbellate
16963 Lvs. oblong-acumin. flat, Segms of limb broad-rhomboid obtuse
16964 Lvs. oblong-lanceol. undul. glabr. Cal. teeth or. Segms. of cor. convex. crenul. Cymes divaricate
16965 Lvs. lanceol-acumin. approxim. sometimes 3 in a whorl. Cymes many-dwd. Cal. segms. & bract. lin. lanc. acute
16966 Lvs. oblong-ovate with emarg. acumen shining ab. cithd. with silky rusty down ben, as are cal. & branchlets
16967 Lvs. ov.-acumin. narr. at base serr. clihd. silky strigae ab. and dense fusces. pili ben. Heads glob. on long
pedun. Stams enclosed
16968 Lvs. lanc-obl. acute both ends on long pet. sharply toothed puberul. Racemes axill. much short. than lvs.
Pedic and Pedun. velvety
16969 Lvs. ellipt.-obl. acute downy beneath, Flws. termin. solit. Segms. of cor. crispately crenat. spread. Tube twice
long. 3-lobed tubul.cal.
16970 Leaf uneq. complic. much undul. approxim. altern: ones minute, Pedic. articul. Cal. & Cor. 5-angled glabrous
16971 Plant clothed with clammy down, Lvs. cordate angul. toothed at base on long petioles, Racemes unbellate
16972 Lvs. petiol. obl. coriac. shining entire rather veiny, Pedun. term. & axill. gener. 1-flwd., Lobes of cor, blunt and
plicae mucron long. than lobes
[campanul. segms. reflex. Stigma, dilat, concave
16973 Arborescent, Lvs. twin ovate and cordate very entire, Rac. solit from axill. of bran. secund. Cor. fleshy rotate
io974 Shrubby evergreen, Stem erect, branched, ferrugin. pubescent, Lvs. petiolate ovate-oblong blunt green above
brownish pubescent beneath
16064
16072
2532. Cosmalia.
Culture and propagation resembling those of Epacris.
2533. Pachypodium. Very pretty succulent shrubs. They succeed best in a mixture of lime-rubbish, sand, and
loam. Cuttings root readily in sand under a hand-glass. The plants should be kept moderately dry, when in a cor
mant state.
2:34. Nycteristion. Propagation and culture same as those of Chrysophillum.
1164

455. SPERMADI/CTYON.
16975 26.11a azureum Lindl.

460
16976 -
* D or 4 Ja
ature
Pa.B
RONDELENTMA.
- odorta Jac.
Sp. 22.
Nepal
CLAss V
1823. C 1.p Bot. reg. 1235
Sp. 411.
* D or 3 jl.au
scented
. Indies 1836. C s-p Fl. cab. 36
2535. 462a. WAHLENBERGIA Sch. (G. Wahlenberg, M.D., author of Fl. Lap.) Campanulaceae. Sp. 66.
16977 - rpens
creeping
*
pr + jn.o Wsh
......
1830.
co Dec. Camp. 15
Nos. 2634. 2651. 2671,2672, and 2692. are also referable to this genus.
Sp. 76834.
463. CAMPA*NULA.
Mount St. Angelo 2. A or * jl.au Pa.B. M. St.A. 1830. S p.l Sw.fl-gar.2.s.2%

2536. 464r. PRA TIA Gaud. (M. Prat-Bernon, of the Fr. navy, accomp. Freycenet.) Lobeliaceae. Sp. 2-.
16978 2635a gargnica

16979 -
- corymbosa B. M.
corymbose
gual or
4.jn.au R
C. G. H. 1834. D pl
Bot. mag. 2693
16980 - - begoniaefolia Wal. Begonia-leaved . A pr? jn.jl Pa.B Nepal '827. D co

2537. 464y...TUNPA G. Don. (Name applied by the Indians of Chile to a sp. of this gen) Lobeliaceae. Sp. 6
16981 -
- blnda D. Don
charming
St A] or 3
16982 -
- Feuilli Gaud.
Feuille's
St Lal spl 8 so
...
1683 -
Lobelia Tapa L.
- purporea Lindl.
16984 -
- argta B. R.
16985 -
- Cavanillesiana
purple
* D or 1 jn.o
sharp-notched a [Z\] or 2 s
Cavanilles's
Stual yr 3 au.o
Pk
Chile
lt.l
J. Fernan. 1824. R co
P
Y
Valpar
Chile
Bt.C
Chile
Sw.fl.gar.2.s.308
Bot. mag. 2550
1.p
Bot. reg. 1325

1824. D
Bot. reg.973
1831. D 1.p Bot. mag. 3207
1825. C
16986 - - polyphylla H. & A. many-leaved Y. UAI or 43 s

D.P. Valpar. 1829. D lt.r Sw.fligar.2. s.34,
2538. 4642. SIPHOCA'MPYLOS D. Don. (Siphon, tube, kampylos, curved; corolla.) Lobeliaceae. Sp. 2
16987 - bicolor D. Don
two-coloured
in
pr 3 ap
R.Y. Georgia 1835. C. s.p Sw.fl. gar. 389
No. 2720. in p. 166. is also referable to this genus.
464. LOBE LIA.
robust
y: [Z\] or 3 au
2719 syphilitica
A hybrida Hook.
hybrid
St A or 2 jn.o
L. speciosa and L. Milleri Hort.
16988
2076a robusta Fis.
16089
16990
2719a colorata Stot.

274 la caerlea B. M.
coloured-leaved AJ or 5 ....
blue
"2 u\l or 13 jn.jl
16991 -
- Krasii Grah.
Kraus's
16992 -
- Bridgsii Hook.
Bridges's
2539. 467a. LECHEN AU'LTIA R. Br.

16993 16994 -
- formsa R.Br.
- oblata Swt.
handsome
oblate
y: LAJ or 13 ja.f
if u_j or 4 jn
Sp. 51-102.
P
English hyb. D. s.p Bot. mag. 3604

N. Amer. 1832. D p.1 Sw.fl.gar.2.s.l.
1830. D. s.l.
Bot-mag. 3138
B.o
B
...
Pk
C. G. H 1824. D. p.1 Bot. mag. 2701

Dominica 1828. D 1.p Bot. mag. 3012
Chile
1836. S p.1 Bot. mag. 3671
(M. Lechenault, a French bot. and trav.). Goodendriae. Sp. 22.

* Ll prl jn.
S
N. Holl. 1824. C. p. 1 Sw.au.ic in
rt. LJ prl jn.jl O
N. Holl. 1824. C. p.1 Sw.au.46
Bxteri G. Don, formsa B. M. and B. R. not R. Br.
2540. 470a. BRUNONIA Sm.

16995 -
- austrlis R. Br.
(Robt. Brown, Esq., a learned systematic bot), , Goodenvie. ... Sp. 1-1.
southern
474. CAPRIFONLIUM.
16996 2785a Douglasii Lindl.
Douglas's
16997
2785b hirsutum Dens.
hairy-leaved
16998 2785c occidentale Lindl.
western
16999
ciliated
2785d ciliosum Ph.
or
...
N. Holl. 1834. ?D ?1
Bot. reg. 1833
# 17-17.
A
or 20 jl.s
or 20 myjn Y
. Amer, 1824. C
Canada
co
1822. C co Bot mag. 3103
or 20 jn.au O Ft. Vancouv. 1824. C co Bot reg. 1458
3.
+
or 6 jn
Missouri 1825. L. co
17000 2789alongiflorum sal.
long-flowered
or 20 jlis
Y.w
China
17001 -
rather-hispid
or ... jl
Ro
N.W.Am. 1827. C p.1 Bot, reg. 1761
- hispidulum Lindl.
1826. C co. Bot reg #
2541. 478a LEYCESTERIA Wal. LEYcesTERIA. (W Leycester, chief judge at Bengal.) Caprifolidcre. Sp.'...l.
17002 -
- formsa Wal.
handsome
* L J or 4 au.s
W.P
Nepal
1821. C. r.m. Bot. mag. 36:
16976
2535. Wahlenbrgia. The seeds of the annual sp. of this genus require to be raised on a hot-bed: and, when suf
ficiently strong, planted into the open border, in a sheltered situation. The perennial sp. grow freely in loam, Pe"
and
sand,
and strike
rootofreadily
underare
a hand-glass.
2536,
Prtia
Plants
this genus
readily increased by division of the root, or by seed; and thrive best in a
mixture of loam,
and sand.
2537. Tpa. The
le species of this genus are deserving cultivation in every collection, on account of the beauty
singularity of their flowers. They are generally raised from imported seeds ; and, when the plants are suth''
strong, may be planted in the border under a south wall, but require to be potted in the autumn, and placed in the
green-house during winter. T. Feuilli yields a dangerous poisou in Chile.
O = DER I.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNLA.
1165
16-5
Lvs. ovate-lanc. short-acumin. scabrous on both surfaces rounded at base, Cal. segms, linear willous
1657-6
Lvs. scarcely petiolate ovate or subcordate scabrous above and on the nerves beneath, Corymbs terminal
16577
Stem creeping
1678
Stems diffused, Lvs. reniform-cordate deeply serrated, Peduncle usually 2-flwd. Segms. of calyx toothed,
16979
166-0
Glabrous, stems branched, lower lvs. roundish ; upper ones linear spatulate deeply serrated, Pedunc. corym.
16981
Lvs. lanceolate cuspidate, doubly serrated, decurrent at the base, Bracts convolute, Calyx toothed subulate,
Anthers glabrous
Stem erect thick suffrut. at base simple leafy, Lvs. ov.-lanc. sess decurrent clothed sof, whitish down, Raceme
[Cor. rotate
16*2
Stems filif. creeping hairy, Lvs. roundish-cord. serr. petiol. hairy both surfs, oblique at base, Pedic. solit. Cal.
segms. lin. subul.
term. spicate
16-83
1 *-4
16-5
1686
o: Lvs. lanceolate serrulated,
Flowers racemose, Calyx spherical 5-toothed
stem suffrut. simple glabr. Lvs. lin.-lanc. serrul. quite glabr. both surfs. Pedic axill. shorter than 1vs.
Stem villous, Lvs. sess. ovate-oblong serrul, mucron. downy glauc. Raceme short leafy, Cor downy
Lvs. ov.-lan... mucron. sharply serrat. quite glabr. Racemes term. leafy, Tube of cor, little long. than cal.
2 lower anth. beard.
16987
Lvs. lan. acumin. unequally serrated attenuated at base, Flowers axillary solitary pedunculate
16588
Lws obovate-lanceol. acumin. coarsely toothed glabrous shining, Rac. termin. simple secund
16989
16990
Glabrous, Lvs. lanceol. acumin. erosely toothed, Raceme leafy, Peduncles naked, Segms. of cal. linear subulate
Stem short decumb. at base densely leafy, Lvs. lanc. dentately pinnatif downy atten. at base, Pedun. term. very
long. Segms of cor. long. th: Ivs.
[subul, little toothed spread.
16061 Lvs. sess. lanceol. decur. sharply serrat. glabr. Pedic. axill, solit. long. th: 1vs. Rac. termin, leafy, Cal. segms.
16592 Lvs. 5-6 in. long lanceol. much acumin. closely and acutely serrated
16093
16994
[cuneat. Filam. glabrous

Flws. axill. solit. bractless droop. Cor. bilabiate glabr. : lip of cor. rounded ent. : lower tripart segms.
Flws. axill. and term. bractless somewh. droop. Cor. bilab, downy outside: upper lip 2-lobed : lower tripart.
Segms. oblate
16995
Lvs. undivided villous beneath as are scapes hairy spread. Cal segms. longitud. feathered apex somewhat acute
16996
16097
whorls capit. Lvs. oval acute both ends petiol, glabr. ciliat. toment on outside upper ones connate
16098
16999
17000
17001
Lvs. large ovate-ellipt. waved rath. acute on short petiol. upper sess. lower connate-perfol. downy glauc. ben.
ciliat. on margin
[beneath
Flws. in verticili heads, Cor. glabr. with elongated gibbous tube, Lvs. oval almost sess. glabr. ciliat. glauc.
Spikes approx. vertic. heads of nearly sess, flws. Tube of cor. hairy ventric. in middle, Lvs. coriac. retic. ov. on
short ped, glauc. ben, ciliat.
Glabrous, Lvs. petiol. obl.-lanc. shining above pale ben. Pedun. short 2-flwd. Tube of cor. very long filiform
Hispid-pilose, Umbels pedunculate, Lvs. petiolate cordate ovate obtuse underneath glaucous
10005
2538. Siphocmpylos. The sp. of this genus have all large, showy, scarlet, or red flowers, and well deserve a place
in every stove.
hey are of easy culture. A mixture of loam, sand, and

":
a hand-glass in heat.
tings strike
2539, Lechenaul
peat soil suits them best, in which cut
a. Elegant plants when in blossom. A mixture of turfy loam, peat, and sand suits them best:
and cuttings of the young wood root freely in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass.
l
2540. Brunonia, Culture and propagation as for Scae vola in p. 169.

2541, Leycesteria. This is a beautiful shrub when in a flowering state, from the contrast between the deep green
hue of its stem and Ivs. and the reddish purple of its large bracteas and berries. It is easily propagated by cuttings,
or by seeds, which it produces in abundance.
* 166
2542. 491a. LUCU"L1A Swt. Luculia.

17003 - gratissima Swt.
most grateful
2543. 496a. UNCA'RIA Gae.
17004 -
- Gmbier Wal.
(Luculi Swa of Nepal.)

Rubidceae.
1-1.
as LJ or 9 au.s
R
Nepal
1823 C p.1 Sw, fl. gar. 145
(Uncus, a hook; old petioles.)
Rubiaceae. Sp. a-ALC or 10 ...
a. R E. India 1825. C. p.1 Lin. tr. 9.2
Sp. 22.
Sh
or 15 au.s G.Y. Nepal
1817. L. co Bot. mag. 2535
Sp. 719.
UNCAria.
Gambier
505. PALIU'RUS.
17005 2896a virgtua D. Don
twiggy
509. EUO'NYMUS.
2912 europae'us
latifolius Lo. C. broad-leaved

sk
3 leucocrpus Dec. white-fruited sk
17006 2911a grandiflorus Wal: , large-flowered * 17007 291 lb Hamiltonianus Wal. Hamilton's
* 2544. 509.a. COLLE'TIA Com. Colletia.
- horrida Brong.
horrid
2546.
17010 -
or 15 my.jl W.
......
...
L. s.l
or 12 my.jl W.
Britain
...
L co
or 8 myjl W.
E. Indies 1824. C. s.p
or 20 mr
W
Nepal
1825. L. rim
(Collet, a French botanist.)
Rhmncar.
Sp. 13
1832. S. s.l. Bot reg. 1776
* - I cu ... my.jn Gsh. W.P. Chile
17008 -
2545.
17009 -
Class V
ferox of Gill. & Hook. in Bot. misc., not the hrrida of W.

5095. RETANPLLA Brong. RETANilla.
(Its name in Peru.)
Rhmnce. Sp. 11.
- obcordata Brong. obcordate-lvd. * D or 2 ...
Y
Peru
1822. C 1.p Ven cels. 92
509c. TREVO"A Cav. TRevoA.
(Trevo, the name of some botanist.)
Rhmneae.
Sp. 1-2.
- triplinrvis Gill.
triple-nerved
a L or 4 ...
G.Y
Chile
1828. C. p.1
510. CEANONTHUS.
Sp. 9-23.
2925 azureus
A flore albo Hort.

17011 -
- collinus Dou.
white-flowered s-J or 10 ap
hill
m.
or
mr.s
W
Li
515. BILLARDIE"R.A.
...
---
C. p.l
N. Amer. 1827. C p.1 Bir. bot. g. 13

Sp. 67.
17012 2936a ovalis Lindl.

oval-leaved
* pr20 my
17013 2937a heterophylla Lindl. various-leaved 3 u_j or 5 jl
Gsh.Y. V. D. L. 1833. S s-p Bot reg. 1719

B
N Holl. 1830. C plBot, reg. 1466
Sllya heterophylla Lindl.
2547. 518.a. COLEONE'MA B. & W. ColeoNEMA. (Koleos, a sheath, nema, a filament.) Rutaceae. Sp. 1-3.
- plchrum Hook.
beautiful
a L or 6 ap.my Ro
C. G. H.? ... C. p.1 Bot. mag.3340
isma angustifolia of the gardens.
2548. 529a. ESCALLONIA Mutis. (Escallon, a Spaniard and American traveller.) Escalloniicer. Sp. 78.
17015 - discolor Mutis
two-coloured-lvd. a D or 6 ...
... s. Amer. 1820. C 1. p Ven. ch.54
17016 - montevidnsis Dec. Monte Videan a u_j or 6 au
W
M. Video 1827. C p.1 Bot. reg. 1467
17014 -
- pulverulnta Pers. dusted

- viscosa Lk. & Otto viscous
- glandulsa Sm.
glandular
- rubra Pers.
red-flowered
17017 17018 -
17019 17020 17021 -
- illinita Presl
540.
* - or
* L J or
* LI or
a J or
* L-J or
varnished
3042a flavicrnis Sm.
2549. 540a.
Chile
1831. C p.1 Sw.fl.gar.2. s.310
Mendoza 1829. C
F:
1827. C 14: Bot. mag.:0

1830.? C. p.1 Bot. reg. 1900
to
LiP Georgia, 1831. D p
riu-J or 1 "my.jl
w.fligar:
247
Britain . ch.pl D co Eng. Bot. 4736

Palma
P 1836. C 1.p
#": ion, a violet)
2550. 541a. HYMENANThE*R.A. R. Br.
St A or
ERPENTION Swt.
Spunless Violet.
(Erpetos,
reniform
* A premy.o. P.B.
- dentata R. Pr.
1827. C i.p. Bot cab. 1291
Chile
Chile
Chile
St A or + myjl R
Columbia 1826. D co Bot. reg. I*
* A fra is
Pa.B Ukraine 1823. D co Sw.fligar.*.*. 126
ellow-horned e A, or , f my-ji Y.B.
- renifrmis Swt.
17027 -
W
W
R
R
Sp. 54-112.
17025 3064a palmnsis P. B.W. Palma

17026 -
jl
..
s
s
au.s
WINOLA.
3022 pedita.
& flabellata D. Don fan-leaved
17022 3029a praemrsa Dou.
bitten-rooted
17023 3040asuvis Bicb.
fragrant
17024
8
5
3
3
5
Pioldceae. Sp. 1-2.
. Holl. #823. D sp.l Sw.fl.gar. 170

(Hymen, membrane, anthera, an anther.)
Violaceae. Sp. 1-l.
toothed-leaved as L_1 or 6 ap.my Y
17*-aggre- J
N. holl. 1820. C. p. Bot mag.

17009
17008
2542. Lucolia gratissima. It is impossible to conceive any thing more beautiful than this tree, when : with
its numerous cymes of fragrant flowers. A good rich light soil suits it best; and cuttings may, though " great
difficulty, be rooted in sand, under a hand-glass.
ld one
tincaria Gambier." Gambier is the Malay name of an extract prepared from the leaves of this plant."
of2513
the drugs,
if not the only one, formerly called Terra Japonica in Europe. It is chewed by the nati', mingled wi
oetel lear and areca, after the manner in which the cutch is used on the continent of India. (Don's Mill.)
|
2544. Colleria. A mixture of loam and peat appears to suit the plants of this genus best ; and cutting" of the young
wood will root freely in sand, under a hand-glass.
2:45. Retanilla Propagation, culture, &c., as for Colltta.

*46 Trevoa. For propagation, culture, &c., see Collua.
ORDER I.
PENTAND RIA MONOGYNIA.
1167

17OO4 Lvs. ov-obl. acute on short pet smooth both surfs. Stips, ovate, Pedun. axill. solit. oppos., Bracteol. in middle:
lower sterile convert int. hooked spines
17005 Branches smooth, Lvs. obliq. cord. or ellipt. 3 nerved shining, Wing of fruit entire
[as long as lvs. 3-6-flwd.

17006 Bran. terete smooth, Lvs. obov.-obl. obt. acutely serrat. tapering and ent: at base, Pedun. slender flatten. about
17:007 Bran...smooth terete, Lvs. lanceol. finely serrat. Pedun. dichotom. 6-flwd. Flws. tetrandrous, Petals 4-lanceol.
cordate
17008
Spines strong awl-sh., Fascicles scattered, Cal. oblong-cylindrical, Anth. nearly sess.
17ooo Lvs. obcord. quite entire 3-nrvd. Flws. sess. spiked rising from axillae of scales
17olo Lvs. 3-nerved
17011 Lvs. ovate roundish hairy

17012 Branchlets pubesc. Lvs. lin. obl. obtuse, Peduncle 1-flwd. glabrous, Petals straight bluntish
17013 Branchlets glabrous, Lvs. ovato-lanc. lower ones serrated upper ones quite entire, Cymes opposite the leaves
17014 Bran. twiggy pendent, Lvs. filif acumin. flat above ben, semiterete, Flws. axill. solit. on short pedun. with
several subul. imbric. bracts
[flwd. Cal. puberul. Petals obovate

17015 Branchl. rath. pubesc. Lvs. cuneif.-lanc. somewh. crenul, quite ent middle nerve ha'ry, Panic. termin. many
17ole, Lvs. obl. cuneate at base acutish finely serrat full of resin. dots ben. Panic term. many-flwd. crowded
intermixed with foliac. bract. Petals obov.-obl.
[term. spike-formed erect. Petals obovate
1701.7 Hairy, Bran: somewhi, trigon. Lvs. ellipt. obtuse on short petioles serrul. rather clammy above when young, Rac.
17,018
1701.9
17tr20
17021
Lvs. oblong hairy viscid

Lvs. oval acuminate smooth on both sides
[Cor. cylindrical, Limb revolute
Lvs. obov-lanceol. acute doubly serrat. glandul. at the base tapering at petiole, Pedun. simple or branched,
Lvs oblong-lanceolate serrulate clammy varnished, Corymbs 3-flwd. racemose, Corol. cylind. Limb spreading
[as long as Ivs.
17022 stem simple erect, Lvs. ovato-obl. petiol. entire hairy, Caps. pubesc, Stip. lanceolate ent. Pedun. about twice
17023 idistinguished from i odor (ta by its paler green herb. larger and paler flws upper petals longer and narrower
and lower broader and more distinctly emargin. Stip. also narrower
17024 stem woody somew angul, much bran. Lvs. cord, coriac smooth even, Stip and brac, fringed, Sepals lanceol
1702, Lvs. ovate acum. Ibd, smith, above and silehtly hairy beneath. [Pedun, erect.Caps, short. and round.th.", caulna
1702, Lvs. crowded relif repardly toothed lunct. Stips. lin.-awl-sh. acumin. Petals reflex. 2 lateral ones bearded on
upper side
17-27 Lvs. oblong denticulated
and Miscelianeous Particulars.

-
2547. Coleonema pulchrum. A beautiful little shrub, which thrives in a mixture of peat and sand, with a little
loam. The tops ''' young shoots, mate into cuttings, and planted in said under a bell-glass, root readily with
out heat.
'''
Escallonia.
The species are fine evergreen half-hardy shrubs, and thrive best in a mixture of peat, sand,
and loam. Cuttings strike readily in the same kind of soil, or in sand under a hand-glass.
2549. Erpetron. Elegant little plants, that deserve to be cultivated in every garden. They are well adapted for
rockwork, and are easily increased by separating their runners. They require the protection of a frame during
winter.
2550. Hymenanthera. A mixture of loam and peat suits the species of this genus best, and cuttings root readuy
in sand under a bell-glass.
4 F
FII:ST ADDITIONAL SUPPLEMENT.
1168
Class V.
t550. RI"BES L. (Ribes of the Arabian physicians, found to be the Rhum Ribes.) Grossuldceae. Sp.4141.
I. GRossULA'RLE.-Gooseberries.
3107 oxyacanthldes L.
17028
17029
3107a setsum Lindl.

3.108 triflorum W.
3.108a niveum Lindl.
3109 Cynsbati L.
17030
17031
Hawthorn-lvd #
bristly
*
or 3 ap.my G.w
or 4 ap.my G.w
N. Amer. 1705. C co Di. el 139. 166

N. Amer. 1810. C co. Bot reg. 1237
three-flowered 5k
or 4 ap.my G.w
N. Amer. 1812. L. r.l W. h. b. 1.6l
snowy-flowered sh
Dog-bramble sk
or 5 ap.my W
or 4 ap
W
Canada
3109a divarictum Dou.

spreading-bran.*
3109b irriguum Dou.
well-watered
#
divaricatum, and irriguum are
3110 hirtllum Mr.
slightly hairy in
3111 grcile Mr.
slender-bran. Sk
17032
N. Amer. 1826. L. co Bot. reg. 1692

1759. C. s.l
Schm. ar. 98
or 7 ap
W
N. Amer. 1826. C co Bot. reg. 1359
or 4 ...
G.w N. Amer. 1820. C co A. b. f. 721.
probably only varieties of triflorum.
or 4 ap.my G.w
or 4 ap.my G.w
Canada 1812. L. s.l

N. Amer. 1812. L. s.l
acicular-spined $4
or ... ...
W
Siberia
... L. co Led. fl. alt. 230
fr 4 mr.ap G.w Britain hed. C. r.m Eng.: bot: 1292
A U-va-crispa Eng. bot. 2057.
2 spinosissima Berl ms.
3 reclinata Berl, ms. No. 3126 of
p. 190.
* Besseriana Berl. ms.
& subinrmis Berl, ms.
n macrocrpa Dec.
S. bracterita
31.11a aciculre Sm.
3112 Grossularia L. common Gooseberry #

Berl, ms.
17033
31.12a specisum Ph.
showy flowered sla
or 4 apjn
Californ. 1829. L. r.l
Sw.fl.gar.2.s. 149
stamineum Smith.
17034
II. BotRYcA'RPA. Plants intermediate between Gooseberries and Currants.

Eastern
*
or 4 my.jn G.Y Syria
1824. C co
rock
#
f, 4 ap my G
Siberia
1819. C co
3113 orientle Poir.

3113a saxtile Pall.
3114 Diacntha L. fil.
twin-prickled &
3l 15 lacustre Poir.
lake-side
or 4 myjn G.Y
or 4 ap. my G.Y.
Led. alt. 239
Siberia 1781. L. r.l Schm, ar. 57

N. Amer. 1812. C. p.l A. b.f. 724
oxyacanthldes Mr. and echintum Douglas ms.
3116 rubrum L.
III. RIBE's A.-Currants.

&
fr 4 ap.my G
common red
Britain
riv.ba C ram Eng.: bot: 1.89
Shortnse Dec.
2 carneum Berl, ms. flesh-cld-berried.
3 variegatum Dec
striped-berried." album Ait, white-berried.
& fol. :nteo varieg. Duh.
" fol. Albo varieg. D*.
a sylvstre Dec.
3117 alpinum L.
alpine
g
Lindl.
dwarf
2 fol. variegtis Hort. variegated-lvd
3118 petraeum Wulf.
rock
3119 spictum Robs.
spiked-flund.
3119a carpathicum Kit.

3120 multiflorum Kit.
3121 proctimbens Pall

3122 prostrtum L.
*
*
#
*
or
cu
or
or
or
3
2
4
4
4
ap.my
ap.my
ap.my
my
ap.my
G
G
G
R
Carpathian
Ak.
many-flowered a
or 4 ap.my G
or 5 ap.my G
procumbent
or
or
rostrate
-k
-k
!#
my.jn P
Y
Britain
Britain
woods C co Eng. bot. 704

C co A. b. f.726
C co
gard.
England mount C
England mo.wo C
Carpathia 1818. C
Hungary 1822. C
co Eng. bot. 705

co Eng bot. 1290
co
co Bot. mag. 2308
Dahuria 1804. L. m.s Pal. ros. 2.6:

Newfou. 1812. L. s.l
Schm. ar. 90
A laxiflorum A. B., R. laxiflorum Ph., R. affine Douglasms.

3123 resinsum Ph.
3124 trifidum Mr.
17036 3124a albinrvum Mr.
17037 3124b punctatum R & P.
17038
resinous
or 3 ap my Y.G N Amer. 1800. L. co Bot. mag "
trifid-calyzed
-k
or pros.ap.my
fr 4 ap.my G
white-nrvd-lvd -*
dotted-leaved $4 cu 3 ap.my G.Y
3124cglandulsum R. & P. glandular-cal. Sk
or 6 ap.my G.Y
Quebec 1823. L. co Bot. mag. 2368

N. Amer.
...
C co
Chile
1826. C co
Peru
1820. C co Fl. per. 233. b
3125 nigrum L.
black
*
fr 5 ap.my Wsh, Britain m.hed C
A bcca flvida G. M.
2 bcca virida Hort.
3 fol. variegAtis Hort.
3125a triste Pall.
sad-cla-flund
4
or 3 ap.my Brsh.R.Y. Siber. 1820. C
3126 flridum herit.
flower
sk
or 4 ap.my Y
N. Amer. 1729. C
6 grandiflorum Hort., syn. '#. rigens Mr.
2 parviflorum Hort.
17040 3126a inbrians Lindl.
intoxicating
S&
cu 3 ap Gsh. W N. Amer. 1827. C
17041 31260 cereum Don.
waxy-leaved
$4
or 2 ap
W.
N. Amer. 1827. C
17039
17042
sk
or 4 ap.my Y
Coreosma viscosissima Spach.
3126d hudsonianum Rich. Hudson's Baw &
or 4
...
W
petiolre Douglas in Hort. Soc. Trans. 7.514.
17044 3126e glaciale Wal.
icy
*
or 6 ap.my W
17043
3126c viscosissimum Ph., very clammy
Bot. reg. 1278
r.m Eng, bot. 1291

co Pal. p. 10
co Di el. 244, 315
-
co Bot. reg. #!
co Bot. reg. 1263
N. Amer. 1826. C co Hook.am."

Huds. Bay
Nepal
... C co
1823. C co
"-"--~-
O*DER I
1169
1.-Flowers greenish whate.

[Pedun. short. 1-2-flwd. Berry glob. glabr.
3107 Infra-axill. prickl. larger most solit. smaller ones scattered, Lvs. glabr. lobes dent. petioles vil,. rather hisp.
17028 Prickles uneq, sub. Lys. round:-cord. at base pub. 3-5-lb.d. dply. cren. Pedun. 2-flwd. somet. bract. Berries
3.108 Infra-axill. prickl. solit. Lvs. glabr. 3-5-lb.d. incisely dent. Pedun. 1-3-flwd. Pedic. long, Bract. membr. sheathing,
Petals spathul. obcor.
| Stam. very prom. conniv.
17029 Prickles solit. in 2s. or 3s. Lvs. glabr. round. ent, at base: 3 blunt cren: cut lobes, Ped. abt. 2-flwd Sepals reflex.
3109 Infra-axill-prickles 1-2, Lvs. 3-4-lb.d. softly pubesc. Pedun. 2-3-dwd. Petals small much short th: stigm. and
stam. Berry prickly
[glabr. Pedun 3-flwd Style and Stam. exser.
17030 Bran. divaric. at length naked, Spines 1-3 togeth axil. deflex. large, Lvs. roundish 3-lb.d. dply, thq. nrvd.
17031 Prickl. axill. ternary, Lvs. cord. somewh: 5-lb.d. tha. ciliat. pilose both surf, nrvd. Pedun. 3-flwd glandul. Cal.
segms. equal to tube
h'i
3110 Spines infra-axill. Branch. spngly, hisp, with short hairs, Lvs. small: cleft. down into 3dent. Ibs. Ped. 1-flwd.
31.11 Infra-axill. spine very short, Lvs. on slend. stalks pub. on. bth. sides: lbs. acute cut and toothed. Pedun. slend.
upright. about 2-flwd.
[middle, Berries bractless
17032 very prickly, Prickles stip. 3-5-parted, Lvs. rath. pub. nrly orbic. 3-5-lb.d. Pedun usually 1-flwd. bracteol. in
3112 Prickles 2-3 under each bud, Bran otherw, smth. spread, or erect, Pedic. 1-2-flwd. Lvs. 3-5-lb.d. rath. vill.
Bract. close togeth. Style downy
ii. - Flowers red.
17033 Infra-axill. prickl. triple, Bran hisp. Pedun. longer than Ivs. 1-3-flwd. Cal. cylind. 4-parted, Pets. eq. to and
Stams. twice long. than cal.
[Bract. long, than flws.
2113 Rather prickly, Lvs. 3-5-lb.d. somew. renif. orbic, cut hairy; lbs. rath. deep obtuse, Racemes erectish few-flwd.
17034 Prickles scat. Lvs. roundish-cuneif bluntly 3-lb.d. Racemes erect, Bract. shorter th: pedic. Cal. flat. scabr. Sep.
small, Petals spathul.
[ovate or globose
3114 Stipul. prickl. twin, Lvs. wedge-sh. glabr. parted into 3 dent, lobes, Racemes erect, Brac. length of flws. Berry
3.115
"
manifold, Stem hisp. with minute prickl. Lvs. ib.d. beyond middle glabr. ben. rath. pilose ab.
edun. 2-3-flwd.
i.-Flowers greenish or greenish yellow, or reddish, and fruit, in a trild state, red.
3116 Lvs. cord. bluntly 3-5-lbd. pubes. ben, wh. young usually rath. toment. glabr. ab. Racemes droop. Petals obcord
Fruit. quite glabr.
3.117 Lvs. with 3-5-obt. lbs. hairy ab. shining ben. Racemes grouped, Brac. lanceol. inflat. sparingly glandul. mostly
larger than flowers
pendul. Brac. short than pedic.
3118 Lvs. acumin. 3-5-lb.d. rath. cord. dply. serrat. on long. pet. pilose ab. Racemes erect crowd. pubes. Fruit.
3119 Lvs. roundish-cord. 3-5-lb.d. hairy above toment. ben. Racemes erect, Flws. more or less pedicel. Brac. obt.
toment. much short. than pedic.
17035 Stem erect, Lvs. 5-lbd.cord. Racemes pendul. pubesc, as are calyxes, Petals flattish smaller than calyx
3120 Lvs. 5-lb.d. cord. toment. beneath, Racemes very long pendul. Brac. short. than flws. Petiol. length. of lvs.
Petals wedge-sh.
[rising from cal.
3121 Lvs. bluntly lobed, Lobes serrat, lateral ones little cut, Racemes erect, Pedunc. long setaceous, Anther hardl
31.22 Lvs. dply. cord. 5-7-Ibd. glabr. Lobes acutely cut, dbly, serr. naked both surf. Cal. rotate, Pedic. germ. an
berries beset with glandul. bristles.
3123 Glandul. hairy, Lvs. 3-5-lbd. roundish, Rac. erect, Cal. flattish, Petals bluntly rhomb. Brac. lin, long. th: pedic.
Petals spathul, round at apex
3124 Lvs. smooth moderately lbd. Rac, loose many-flwd. pubesc, Cal. segms. rath. trifid, Berries hairy. Rac. weak,
1703.6 L vs. short petiol. dply. & acutely Ibd: smoothish with white nerves, Rac. recurved, Flws. small, Ber. glabr.
17037 Lvs. 3-lb.d. serrat. beset with resin. glands ben, as are bracteas, Rac. long. than 1vs. droop. or erect, Berries
oblong hairy red & dotted
17038 Lvs. cord. bluntly 3-lb.d. dbly, serrat. rugged, Racemes short, Calyx glandular pubescent
ii. - Flowers greenish yellow, sometimes with the tip of the sepals and petals red.
Fruit black.
3125 Lvs. dotted from glands beneath, 3-5-lb.d. Rac. loose, Brac. minute subul, or obt, much short. th; pedic. Petals
obl. Cal. segms. reflexed
[flattish, Petals revolute, Root creeping
17039 Lvs. 5-lbd. Bran. simple twiggy bearing lys. & flws. at apex, Rac. pendul, both when in flw. & fruit, Cor.
3126 Lvs. full of resinous glands 3-5-lbd.cord: dbly, serrat. Rac. pendul. pubesc. Brac. lin. long. th: pedic. Cal. tub.
campanul, glabr, segms: obt. length reflexed

[Flws. aggreg. Cal. tubul. gland.
17040 Lvs. roundish dply. 3-5-lbd. & dply, toothed truncate at base gland. on both surf. Pedun. 3-5-flwd. pendul.
1704i Lvs small cord. Ibd serr. glandul. pubescent glabr. glauc. full of white glands above, Rac. pendul. rath. capit.
Flws. nearly sess. cylind.
[tubul. campan, segms. spread. obt.
17042 Lvs. cord. obt. 3-5-lb.d. dply crenated viscid & gland. pubesc, glands on both surfaces, Rac. erect corymb. Cal.
17043 Lvs. 3-1bd quite glabr, above full of resin. dots beneath villous as are petiol. Germ. dotted. Rac. erect pubesc,
Brac. short, Berries glob. glabr.
[droop. Petals long-th...cal.
17044 Lys, glabr. above with few scattered bristly hairs beneath cord at base 3-5-lbd at apex lobes acute serrat. Rac.
3.117 &
17041
- - ---
1170
bloody-cla-flund:#
or 6 ap.my Bd
malvaceum Sm, Calobtrya sanguinea Spach.
N. Amer. 1826. C co Bot reg. 1349
17045 3126fsanguineum Ph.

s
Benth.; syn. R. angstum Don.

tro-rbens Hort. has dark red flowers.
ms.
CLAss V
2 malvaceum Benth. has dark pink flowers.
IV. SYMPHo'cALYx.-Calyres tubular and yellow. Racemes many-flowered. Unarmed shrubs.

olden-flowered sk
or 8 ''' Y
Missouri 1832. C. r.m. Bot. reg. 125
a prae'cox Lindl.
villosum Dec. syn. longiflorum Fraser's Cat.
2 sertinum Lindl. A. b.f. 743
17046 3127a tenuiflrum Lindl. slender-flwd
sh
cu 6 ap.my Y
N. Amer. 1812. C co Bot. reg. 1274
areum Colla, flavum Berl., missourinsis Hort., Chrysobtrya Lindleyna Spach.
a frctu nigro A.B. blackish-berried.
A frctu lteo A. B. yellow-berried.
17047 31.27b flvum Colla
yellow-fluid
*
cu 6 ap.my Y
. Amer. 1812. C co Col. h. rip. 1. ->
aureum 2 sanguineum Lindl., palmatum Desf., aureum Ker not Ph., Chrysobtrya intermdia SpacA.
3127 adreum Ph.
2551. 565a. OPLOTHE*CA Nut. (Oplon, armour, theca, a sheath ; capsules.) Amaranthaceae. Sp. 1-.
Florida
A or 3 s
No. 3180. in p. 194. is also referable to this genus.
17048 -
- floridana Nut.
N. Amer. 1824. Rp.1 Bot. mag. 2603
Sp.611.
570. HELICONNIA.
17049 3190a brasilinsis Hook.
Brazilian
y: [A] spl 8 au
17050 17051 -
two-coloured
# ZSJ cr 3 ..... W.c
- bicolor Botanist
- pulverulnta Lindl. dusted-leaved
to [ZN or 2 jl
Cavendish's
P C or 6
Brazil
Brazil
1820. D
p.l Hook, ex. fl. 190
21828. D. p.
Botanist, no. 101
G.s
570a. not 721. MU*SA.
17052 4090a Cavendishii Paxt.
...
?S.Amer. 1830.? D. p.1 Bot reg. 1648

Sp. 5-10.
S
China
1829. Skr.l Pax.mag.3.5l
chinnsis Swt.
DIGYNLA.
2552. 578a. HARRISONNIA Hook. (Mrs Harrison, of Aighburgh, near Liverpool.) Asclepidceae. Sp. 11.
-lonicerldes Hook. Lonicera-like a D or 6 jl.au S
Brazil
1825. C. s.l. Bot.mag. 2699
2553. 578b. TWEENDIA Hook. TwkEDIA. (Mr. Tweedie, a botanical collector.) Scrophularineae. Sp. 22.
17054.
blue-flowered -3. LA] or 3
... B
B. Ayres 1837.? C. s.l Sw, fl. gar. 407
17053.
##
versicolor Hook.
2554. 579a. PHILIBERTIA Kth. PHILIBERTIA. (M. Philibert, a botanical author.) Asclepiadaceae. Sp. 1-1.
17055 -grcilis D. Don.
slender
* [Z\] el 6 jn
Y.w B. Ayres 1836. C s.l Sw.fl.gar.2s. 403
grandiflra Bot. Mag. 3618.
2555. 590a, PHYSIANTHUS Mart. PhysiaNTHUs. (Physa, bladder, anthos, flower.) Asclepiadaceae., Sp. 1-1.
- Albens Mart.
whit'sh-leaved $ D or 20 au
w
B. Ayres 1830. S 1 p Mart.br. 54.32
17056 -
2556. 592a.
TYI.Q. PHORA. R.
Br. (Tylos, #a wart,
to bear,
corolla.)
- exilis Colb.
slender
CJ orphoreo,
i0 jnji
Pa.P.lvs.E.ofIndies
1823.Asclepiaddrea.
C. p.1 Lin. tr.Sp.
12.11.
16
17057.
600. GENTIA"NA.
17058 3365a quinqueflora Pers.

17059 - clavta B. M.
five-flowered
studded
A or
13 o
St A. el + ...
Li
- cylindracea Lindl,
cylindric-panic.3: A el 2 my
2. latifolia Hort.
3. alba Mast.
4. acutifolia Mast.
N. Amer. 1835. D 1.p Bot. reg. 1924

Sp. 1621.
615. U"LMU.S.
3460 campstris
1. vulgris A. B.
Hot-mag.:
1820. D p.l Bot. mag. 2303

Sp. 5-10.
606. HEUNCHERA.
17060 -
Sp. 3059.
. N. York 1834.? S s.l
9. tortuosa A. B., .
10, fol. varieg, white varieg-lvd.
7. cornubiensis Hort.; syn. U. stricta L. 11. betulaefolia A.B.
5, stricta Hort. A. b. f. 230.
6. virens Hort., The Kidbrook.
12, viminalis A. B. A. b. pl. 231.
8. Sarninsis A.B.
3461 subersa
1. vulgris A. B.
2. fol. variegtis Lod
3. alba A. B., white-barked.
3463 glabra
1. vulgaris
2. vgeta, Huntingdon; syn. Chichester Elm, American Elm of somc, PScampston Elm.
17061 3463a major E. B.
greater
tm 40 ap.my Br
Britain
...
3. major A. B. . . "
4. glandulsa Lindl.
G co
Eng. bot. 2542

h
#.
Harrisonia. A mixture of loam and peat suits this plant best, and ripened cuttings roof in sand
aud-glass.
under a
ORDER I.
1171
iii.-Flowers deep red. Fruit black.

17045 Lvs. cord. somewhat 5-lb.d. serrat. veiny smthish. ab. toment. ben. Rac. drooping pubesc, twice length of lv.
Brac. obov. spathul. Berrios turbinate hairy
[pedic. Tube slender, Segms. obl. obt.

2127 Quite glabr. Lvs 3-lb.d. lobes divaric. with few deep teeth short. th: petioles ciliat. at base, Cal. tubul. long th:
[glabr. long-th. pedic. Petals quite ent.
17046 Quite glabr. Lvs. roundish 3-lbd. mealy lbs. bluntly toothed at apex, Rac. pendul. many-riwd. Cal tubul.
[short 4-5-flvd. Brae. elliptic
17047 Quite glabr. Young lvs. 3-lb.d. adult ones usually 5-lbd. dply toothed about eq. to the ciliat. petioles,
17048 Stem erect, Spike crowded oppos.: lower spikes distant, Cal. globose very densely woolly
17049 Lvs. oblong smooth shining

17050 Lvs. narrow at base acuminate nerved, Spathe lanceolate scarlet 4-5-dwd.
17051 Lvs. blunt or cord. at the base and acute at the apex powdery beneath, Spathes 3 few-flwd. shorter than the
bracteal leaf
17052 Spadix nodding, Spathes spotted with white, Male dws. deciduous, Lvs. obtuse, Stigma globose
DIGP NLA.
17054 Lvs. oppos. on short petioles oblong cordato-hastate at base, Pedun. axil. bearing 3-4-flwd. umbel, Cal. dply.
cut into 5 erect lanceol. segms.
17035 Pubesc. Cor. rotately campanulate, Leaflets of corona gibbous beaked depressed at top, Stigma bifid
chot. cymose 4-8-flvd.
17056 Lvs. oppos. very ent, acute cordato-truncate below: undulat. & pruinose above, Pedun. later rarely axil. subdi
[of corona broad ellipt. very obtuse
17057 Glabrous, Lvs. ov. lanceol. acumin. Panic. large composed of umbels, Stigma apiculated
5
5-fid.
Lvs. amplexic. deltoid-cord. 3-5-nerved
17058 stem. bran. square winged, Flws. clust. at ends of stem & bran.
together, Cal, very short acute, Cor.clav.
17059 Lvs. obov.-obl. 3-nrvd. Flws. termin. aggreg. Cal. foliac. uneq. Cor. ventric. 5-fid.
''
17060 Apetalous, Panics. very much contracted
13. parvifolia, A. B.; syn. U. microph.

Pers., pumila W.
14 planifolia A. B. A. b. pl. 232.
4. erecta Lod.
15. chinnsis A. B.
16. cucullta Hort.
17. concavaefolia Hort.
5. var. The broad-leaved Hertfordshire.
pndula
5. latifilia Lindl.
7.
6. microphylla Lindl.
8. variegta H. S.
A. B.
18. fol. adreis Hort., yellow-varieg.-lvd.

19, viscosa Hort.
20 nana Hort.
6. var. The narrow-leaved Hertfordshire

9. ramulsa Booth.
17061 Lvs. rough uneq & rather bluntly serrat. Fiws, nearly sess 4-cleft. Samara obov, slightly cloven glabr. Bran.
droop. Bark corky
--> 17054
2554. Philibrta. Culture, propagation, &c., as of Pergularia.in P. 198.

255.6 Tylophora. Culture and propagation as for Hya, in p. 199.
1172
CLAss VI.
*-r .
3464 lmontana
"
-
17062 3464a carpinifolia Lindl.

17063
3 major Mas'. A. b. pl. 238.
A. B.
2 rugsa Mast.
3464b effusa Iy.

3465 americana
cevennnsis Hort.
4 minor Mast.
Hornbeam-lvd Y
tm 40 ap.my Br
Britain
bed
spreading-fluod. *
tm 40 ap.my Br
Britain
...
6 nigra Hort., Irish.
3 pndula Ph.
Sp. 2337.
657. BUPLEU"RUM.
golden
Sy A prl my.jn. Y
rough
pubescent
gigantic
CD or 12 jl
O) or 4 jl
SY O or 12 jn.jl
Siberia
1820. D co
Sp. 1330.
672. hERACLE*UM.
17065 3735a asperum Bieb.

17066 3735b pubscens Bieb.
17067 3735c gigantum Fis.
L. co A. b. pl.
2 Alba Ait., white-branched; syn.? U. mollifolia.
1 rubra Ait., red-branched.

17064 364a areum Fis.
7 mustralis Hort.
L co
W
W
Caucasus 1818. S co
Caucasus 1823. S co
Siberia
1820. S co
TRIG P.N.I.A.
17068
17060
679. JTBU/RNUM.
8763a cotinifolium D. Don. Cotinus-lvd
3774a orientale Pan.
oriental
Sp. 2529.
#
*
or 10 my.jn W.pk Himalay. 1803? L. 1. Bot. reg. 1650

or 10 ji
Caucasuis 1827. L. p."
2557. 684a. STACKHOU/SIA R.Br. Stackhousia. (M. Stackhouse, a British botanist.) Stackholasiae. Sp-1->
17070 - monogyna Lab.
one-styled
Y: A prl ap
Pk.L. V. D. L. 1835. D co Bot reg. 1917
PENTAG. P.N.I.A.
701. LTNUM.
Sp.2849.
N.Zeal. 1832. S. s.l. Sw-flgar.2.s.270
Chile
1830. C. p.1 Bot. cab. 1969
Y.o Bejar
1835, S. s.l. Bot. mag. 3480
17071 39.18a mongynum Forst. concrete-styled A or 2 jm.au W

17072 3937a Cuming, B.C.
17073 - Berendiri Hook.
17074
Cuming's
Berendier's
706. STA*TICE.
3960a binervosa G. E. Sm. 2-nerved
n-u- or 5 su
O or 2 au
* A or 1 jns
Sp. 3361.
ngland ch.cl S 1.p Eng, bot. 2663
2557 starkhotsia. An interesting plant, as forming the type of a very small natural order bearing its name. See
Lindl. Nat. Sys. ed. 2. p. 118.
Page 236.
CLAss VI. HEXANDRIA.
Order I.
2558. Ismne. Perianth 6-parted.

fleshy, round. Scape solid:
6 STAMENs.
MONOGYNIA. 6 Stamens. 1 Style.
Corona staminiferous, tube curved, cylindrical.
Filaments short.
Seeds
-
2559, choretis. Perianth with a nearly straight cylindrical tube, and a spreading limb. Corona spreading
Filaments converging. Anthers versatile.
2560. Coburghia. Perianth drooping, with a long curved cylindrical tube, and a short half-spreading equal limb.
Filaments equal. Stamens equal, connected by tubular membrane. Stigma blunt. Ovarium 3-sulcate. Sca solid.
2561. Stenome'sson. Flowers drooping. Perianth with a nearly straight tube, constricted in the middle,
ventrl.
cose at the apex. Limb short, regular.
Corona short.
Stamens straight.
Capsule ovate, 3-furrowed.
2562. Barbacenia. Perianth funnel-shaped, 6-cleft, adnate to the ovarium. Filaments bifid. Anthersfixed." the
back of the filaments in the division. Ovarium furnished with 6 rows of tubercles. Capsule 3-celled, many-seeded.
2563. Pourrtia. Calyx 3-parted, inferior. Corolla 3-parted, naked at base. Capsule 3-celled. Seeds naked.
2564. Dyckia, calyx 3-parted segments concave. orolla urceolately campanulate. Petals erect, fleshyatthe
Siamens mon : at the base. Ovarium tripartite. Cells many-seeded. Stigmas fringed.
2565.capsule
Billbergia.
Calyx 3-parted, unibracteate. Petals 3, convolute, with scales at the base. Stigmas 3, con"
2566. 'cis perianth drooping, campanulate, 6-parted. Stigma obsoletely 3-lobed. Capsule 3-celled. See"
base.
lute.
fleshy angular. Spathe 2-valved.

2567. Clinea. Perianth tubular, 6-parted, deciduous. Segments imbricate; outer shorter than inner. Stam. equal
inserted in orifice of tube. Anth versatile, ovarium inferior, 3-celled, many-seeded. Fruit berried indehiscent,
1-seeded from abortion. Seeds very smooth, transparent.
2.68. Pyrolirion. Fiowers sessile, funnel-shaped, erect segments equal, recurved at ends. Spathe bifid, equal.
stamens spreading in the throat. ovarium 3-celled. Segments of stigma dilated. Scapel-flowered. hollow.
2569. Hipped strum. Perianth declinate, 6-parted; tube short, stamens declinate. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled.
Scape hollow, many flowered.
*70, Sceptrnthes. Perianth funnel-shaped, with a long cylindrical tube, 6-parted spreading limb. Capsule
-
3-gonal, seeds in two rows.
ORDER I.
spendula A.H. A.b. pl. 29. , syn. v.
1173
9 fastigita Hort. Ereter; sin. U.ex.
horizontalis rubra h. S.
10 crispa A.B.
onlensis & Frdu Hor.
17062 Lvs.
ov.-acumin-coriac
veined
tir obliqu
scabr.
ab.; sinooth ben.strongly
Bran. near
smsimply
ply cren, serr, slig
g-tiy
que & cord. at base . . shining but rather
17063 Lvs.
smooth
on frin,
upperwith
uneq. dense
sidecoarse
at basehairs
doublyy serrat. Flws. on droop,
stalks, st
clav.
strongly
p.stalks,
Stams. 6-8, Samara ellipt. dply.
4 incisa H. S., A. b. pl. 242.
5 foliis variegtis hort.
[Involucels 5-lvd. conform. to those of involucr.
17064 Rad. Ivs. ov. ov-oblong obov. atten. Stem 1vs. ov. acute amplexic. Involucrum 3-5-lvd. ellipt. orbicul, mucron.
volucr, Ivs. setaceo
-
17065 Stem rough from strigae, Lvs. dply. Ibd. serrat. acute scabrous above ; pubes. beneath, Umbels of 40 rays,
2-lvd. involucels short coriac, few-lvd.
#7' 66 Stem vs. ternate, Leaff, somewh: palmately pinnatif, toothed, segms. acute, Umbels many-rayed, involucral
17067 Stem Ivs. ternate, Lead. pinnatifid deeply toothed, Umbels many-rayed, Stem from 10 to 12 feet high
Thro, P.N.I.A.
com:
170* Lvs. roundish oval quite ent cluhd. with stellate tomentum both surfs. grey ben, as well as bran.
17069 Lvs.
3-lb.d. acumin, coarsely & bluntlyy dent. Petiol glandless
(:
compressed
g
ess glabr. Corymbs
termin, not radiant, Fruit obl.
-
17070 Lvs. linear-lanceolate, Spike cylindrical elongated at top acutely conical, Segments acute, Stamens unequal
PENTAG. P.N.I.A.
[longer than ovarium
Styles connate
[racem Brac. & sepals ianceol -acumin
17073 Bran. angul. Lvs. scat linear i in in length mucron. glabr. quite ent. slightly glauc. subcorymb, Fruit
(Cal-ribs termin. about base of 5 blunt membran.
17074 Lvs. spathul. 3-5-nrvd. below: coarsely reticul. above, Panic. bran.: bran. angul. in front : ''
17071 Glabr., erect, Lvs. lanceol, acute 3-nrvd. Flws. corymbose, Cal. 1vs. ov.-lanceol. acute keel
17072 Lvs. oblong lanceolate slightly hairy
..
1700-
17071
A.
|Will
-L-
--
\
M.
---
*/ -
WZZ
-TV/N
>
7-
o
f
17067. Heraclium giganteum, when growing on deep loamy soil, and liberally supplied with water when it is sending
"p its flower stalk wi I attain the height of 12 to 15 feet.
2571. Haylckia. , Perianth cylindrical, with a widened throat and a half-spreading limb. Stamens conniving.
Stigmas 3, recurved at ends. Capsules 3-gonal.
2572. Cummingia. Perianth campanulate, 6-cleft, deciduous, alternate. Segments ciliated. Anthers emarginate at
the base, conniving. Stigma pruinose dot. Capsule 3-celled, few-seeded.
2573. Fnkia. funnel-shaped, deciduous. Stamens and styles declinate. Stigma clavate, 3-gonal. Cap
sule 3-celled, many seeded. Seeds disposed in two rows in each cell,
at end.
2574. Cyclobthra. Flowers drooping. Sepals glabrous, petals bearded, with a nectary, hollow in the middle.
Capsule 3-winged. Seeds in single rows.
2575. Rhinopetalum. Perianth 6-leaved, deciduous; each leaf furnished with a naked nectariferous hollow at the
base, upper one horned on the back. Filaments bearded. Ovarium 3-gonal, 3-celled, many-seeded.
2576. Charlwoodia. Perianth 3-parted. Filaments thickened in the middle. Stigma 3-cleft. Ovarium 3-celled.
2577. Calliprora. Perianth campanulate, 6-parted, Filaments petaloid, 2-lobed. Anthers sessile between the lobes.
ovarium stipitate, 3-celled, many-seeded. Stigma 3-lobed. Capsule 3-winged.
2578. Larmnnia. Corolla 6-parted, persistent. Filaments subulate, smooth, inserted in the base of corolla. Anther
peltate.
Capsule 3-celled.
Seeds
sub-solitary,
peltate.
2579. Barnardia.
Perianth
6-parted,
spreading,
persistent. Stamens dilated at base. Ovarium 3-celled, 3-seeded.
Stigma
2580. simple.
Inflorescence umbellate, sessile.
lower one tripartite.
Ovarium 3 celled.
6-lvd, upper leaf ascending, lower
'".
2581. Camssia.
Perianth tubular.
Limb bilabiate.
Upper lip short, 3-dentate,
one deflexed. Stamens equal ascending.
ovarium 3-celled, many seeded. Stigma 3-toothed. Seed 6 in each cell.

2582. Trichopetalum. Calyx recurved. Petals bearded along the margins. Stamens equal. Stigma 3-angular.
Capsule 3-celled, many-seeded. Seeds reniform.
2583. Stypndra. Perianth 6-parted, spreading, deciduous. Filaments curved, bearded, and swollen at top. Stigma
simple.
Capsule 3-celled,
few-seeded.
2584. Tricoryne.
Perianth
6-parted, spreading, deciduous. Stamens bearded. Ovarium tripartite, lobes
2-seeded. Stigma simple. Pericarps 3, clavate, 1-seeded.
2585. Herreria. Sepals 6, recurved. Style trigonal. Stigma sessile, 3-lobed, papillose. Capsule 3-winged, 3-celled,
many-seeded. Seeds winged.
- - -
1174
2586. Geitonoplestum.
: conniving,
-
*"
Perianth 6-parted, spreading, deciduous.
longer than the filaments.
Style 3-sulcate.
CLAss VI.
Filaments curved at apex. Anthers sagit
Stigma simple.
Berry few-seeded.
Seeds nearly
globose.
2587. Mahnia. Sepals 6, guarded on the outside by 3 scales. Petals 6, without glands on the inside.
furnished with a tooth on each side at top of the filament. Berries 3-9-seeded.
2588. Schrdera. Cal. with ovate tube, and short truncate or sub-denticulated limb.
Stamens
Cor. funnel-sh., tube terete.
Anth. 5-8 sess. lin. inserted into throat of cor., hardly exserted. Style short, bifid. Berries pea-sh., 3-4-sided.
2-4-celled.
Cells many-seeded. Seeds minute.
MONOG P.N.I.A.
711. NARCI/SSU.S.
17075 3999a stellaris Haw.
starry-sepaled
Cyprian
17076 4008a Cypri Haw.
Sp. 6186.
to A or 1 my
W.c
......
1629. O co Sw.fligar 2.s.132
t; Z\ or 1 mr.ap W.Y Cyprus
O co Sw.fi.gar.2. s.92
A corona plena Haw.full-crowned 5 Z\

17077 4031a conspicuus D. Don. conspicuous fid 5 A
drooping
t; ZX
8 corona plena Haw.full-crowned # ZX
17078 4036a crnuus Haw.
17079 4037a mximus D. Don

17080
largest
whitish
Albicans Haw.
or 1 mr.ap W.Y gardens

or 4 my
Y
......
or 1" mr.ap Crea.W. Spain *
or 1 mrap Crea.W Spain *
* A or 1 ap
& a or 1 ap
712. PANCRANTIUM.
17081 4075a plicatum Liv.
plaited-lvd
w Cz\] or
1 jl.au W
......
IsMENE. (The daughter of CEdipus and Jocasta.)

Knight's
to [A] el 2 mr
W
Florida
MLean's
t; [Z\] or 2 jn
W
Lima
Nos. 4058, 4059, and 4060. in p. 242. are also referable to this genus.
[Z\] or
2560. *712c. COBU'RGHIA Swt.

CobURGhia.
17085
- flva Herb.
tawny-fud
o L^J
or
(Choretes, rustic.)
1 au
W
Mexico
2561. *717a. STENOME'SSON Domb.

17087 -
- crceum Red.
saffron-cla
1 mr.ap W
- Manglsii D. Don
Mangles's
y: LA or 3 my
sangustifolia Lindl. narrow-leaved ual or 3 my..s

17089 -
- coccinea Lindl.
O co Sw.fl.gar.2.s 286
O s.l Sw.fligar.2.s.165
Amaryllideae.
1836. O
Sp. 25.
r.m Fl. cab. 25l
1837. O s-p Bot. mag. 3675

Amaryllideae.
Sp. 1.
1837. O s.p Fl. cab. 2. 101
Sp. 34.
N. Holl.
1830. O p.1 Bot. reg. 1506
(Stenos, narrow, messon, middle ; flower.)

Amaryllideae. Sp. 1.
* LAJ or 1 my
O
Peru
1820. O s.l. Bot. mag. 3615
720. ANIGOZA*NThoS.
17088 -
...
(Prince Coburgh.)
Amaryllideae.
Sp. 12.
1 f
Taw S. Amer. 1829. Ol.r.m. Bot. reg. 1497
714. EU"RYCLES.
17086 4078a Cunninghamii Lindl. Cunningham's 5 LA. el
co
co Sw.fl.gar.2s.326
co Sw.fl.g.2 s.101.3
co Sw.fl.g.2.s.1014
Sp. 25.-29.
Mexico 1827. O r.m. Bot. mag. 2908
Macleana Herb.
2559. *712 b?. CHORE"TIS herb.

Chonetis.
17084
glauca Herb.
glaucous
*
O
O
O
O
Spain
2558. *712a. ISME NE Sal.

Knightii K.,& W.
17082
17083
...
...
...
...
scarlet
y: LA] or 5 jn
G.R.
S
Sp. 34.
Sw.River 1833. D p.] Sw.fl.gar.2.s.265
N. Holl.? 1836. D. p. Bot. reg. 2012

Sw.River 1837. D p.l Pax. mag. 5.271
2562. *720a. BARBACE'NIA Van. BARBAcENIA. (Barbacena, gov. of Minas Geraes.) Hemodoraceae. Sp. 1.
17090 17091
- purprea Hook.
purple
728. PITCAI'RNIA.
4128a flmmea B. R.
4130b suaveolens B. R.
1: jl.
w: [Z\] or 2 n
white-flowered to [Z\] or 3 s
F
W
sweet-scented
flame-cla
17092 4130a albiflos Herb.

17093
* [Z\] or
ic [Z\] or 2 jl.au
Brazil
1825. D. s.l.
Bot. mag. 2777
s:Janeiro
1216.
1825.
Brazil
Sk s.p Bot. reg. 1092

1824. Sk pl Bot.mag. 2642
Brazil
1824. Sk r.m. Bot. reg. 1069.
2563. *728a, POURRENTIA R. & P. Poulahetia. (M. Pourret, a French botanist.) Bromeliaceae. Sp. 13.
17094 - pyramidata R. & P. pyramidal
x [A] or l jn.jl Y
Peru
1822. Sk s.p Fl. per 3.257
2564. *728b. DYCKIA Sch. fil. (Prince of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck, a lover of gardening.) Bromeliaceae. Sp. 1.
17095 -
- rariflra Sch, fil.
scattered-flwd
ic Z\] or 2 jn
729. TILLANDSL1.
Brazil
1832. O.S. s.p Bot. reg. 1782
Sp. 1431.
17096 4142a psittachna Hook.
parrot-lk-flund
170.57 4144a acatulis Lindl.

17098 - rsca Lindl.
stemless
Rose-headed
[ZJ el 2 jl
[A] pr
all
to Z\! or 1 my
S
W
Pk
.Janeiro 1826. Sk s-p Bot. mag. 2841

R. Janeiro 1826. Sk s-p Bot. reg. 1157
Brazil
...
Sk s.l. Bot. reg. 1357

17088. , tuigoznthus Manglesii is a singularly beautiful
for which, and for a number of other plants of
rarity and beauty, the public is indebted to Robert Mangles, Esq., of Whitmore Lodge, Berks.
Oarea I.
1175
2-86. Stephania. Cal.2-lobed. Petals 4. Torus small. Ovarium stipitate, oblong.

Order 3. TRIGYN1A. 6 stamens. 3 styles.
**0. Calochrtus., Calyx 3-lvd. Petals 3, bearded inside. Stigmas petaloid. Capsule 3-valved, 3-gonal. Seeds
flat, inserted by single rows.
2391, Merendera. Perianth funnel-shaped, of 6 sepals. Petals on very long claws. Stamens inserted in the petals
-->92. Livistonia. Perianth double, both tripartite. Ovaria 3. Styles 3, combined. Stigma undivided. Berry 1-seeded.
al-ove the claws.
Mo No G, PN/A.
tapering very much to base

17075 Perian petal-lk. tube bluntly tetragon. thick, Segms, spreadg, like star quite distinct at base, cuneat.-obov. mu
17076 Scape slender 4-flwd. Segms. perian obov. mucronate somewhat reflexed twice as long as the cup-shaped trun
cate yel. corona.
17-77 Corona plicate repand longer than the segms. Style longer than the corona, Leafs erect. Scape compressed.
17-78 Lvs. lorately linear channelled on upper side keeled at back, Crown cylindr. curled 6-lobd. Lbs. round entire,
Segms. of perian. obliq. ovate
17070 Segn's. perian. ovate spreading, Corona funnel-shaped length of segms. Limb spreading
crenated
1708.0 Lvs. 9-10 in long erect little spreadg. glauc. striat and keeled at back upper side somewh: concave margin
thickened, Segs. of perian. ov. or obov.-lanceol. cup 24 in. long
170-1 Lvs. expanded into a wing above the base, Wing plaited
[linear-lanceol. 6, Corona spreading rotate closely toothed

17682 Lvs. 8 or 10 linear-oblong striated, Scape 2-edged 10-12-flwd. longer than 1vs. Spathe lanceolate Segms of perian.
17-3 Perian. wellowish marked with green, Tube slender, Limb and Style exceeding the Corona, ovarium pedicellate
1708.4 Glaucous, Scape 3-flwd. Tube long green, Limb white, Corona white rotate with a jagged border
17085 Lvs. glaucous acutish, Scape compressed green, Stamens enclosed
17086 Lvs. oblong-cord. Umbel 6-dwd. Segms. of perianth obl.-lanceol. Lateral teeth of filament very much elongat.
and sometimes 2-lbd.
(into cylind.-campan, limb
17087 Scape terete bearing umbel of about 7 flws. Spathe of 2 membranac. lvs. Perian. cylindric gradually widening
17oss stem erect cithd. with short thick crimson persistent velvety down, Flws. in short termin. spiked raceme,
Stigma capit: project, beyond tube
17oso Deep green, Flws. panicled, Perianth swelling towards the summit hairy, Segms. a little reflexed
17090 Lvs. linear keeled with spiny serratures, Ovarium elongated tuberculated
[straight 1-sided long. th: stam.
17-91 Lvs. lanceol. very ent. acumin. glauc. and woolly ben. Pedic shorter th: brac. quite smooth as is cal. Petals
170.2 Lvs. lin-lanceol. very entire smooth acumin. iin broad, Stem simple, Segms. of cor. revol white, Stigma
3-fid. white
[and rachis !: Brac, much long th: pedic.
17093 Raceme many-dwd. elongat. Petals oblong-lanceol. obtuse twisted to one side concave with galeat spur, Cal.
17094 Lvs. lanceol-linear elongated ciliato-spinulose furfuraceous beneath, Racemes panicled villous
Brac. ab eq. to dws.
: towards extrem. plane recurved acute, Spike[remote,
simple, Rachis zigzag, Fiws.
17097 Lvs. oblongo-lanceol. accuminated undulated recurved, Flowers aggregate sessile
17096 Lvs. lin.-ligul. ent invol. at
17098 Lvs. ligulate acumin. furfuraceous, Spike ovate solitary scarcely higher th: 1vs. Brac. ovate concave bright pink
2:54. Dyckia. The dry stove seems to suit it, for there it produces its rich orange flowers in great perfection,
and retains them in all their freshness and beauty for several weeks." (Bot lies.)
- -
e-
1176
CLAss VI.
2565. *7.20a. BILLBE*RGIA Thun.

(J. G.
17099 - iridifolia B. R.
Iris-leaved
17100 - zebrina Lindl.
zebra-streaked
17101 - fasciata B. R.
banded
Billberg, a Swedish Botanist.)

Bromeliticeae.
Sp. 313.
[Z\] or 1 mr
S.B. Y. R.Janeiro 1825. Sks.p Bot reg. 106.
[A] or la jn
... S. Amer. 1820. Sk rim Bot-mag. 268,
[Z\] or 14 au
B.R. R.Janeiro 1825. Sk r.m. Bot. reg. 1130
Nos. 4115.4123 and 4136. in p. 246-8. are now referred to this genus.
730. PONTEDE"R.I.A.
Sp. 7.
17102 41452 caerlea Maund
blue-ftwd
* A or 2 au
B
N. Amer. 1830. D h Bot. gar. 551
2 azurea Sur.
ne-blue
* [A] or #jl.au B
Jamaica 1824. O l
Bot. mag.
17104 4145y crssipes Mart.
thick-petioled as Zvi or 3 s.o
B
Guiana
1825. O l
Mart. br. 4.
(Acis, a shepherd, son of Faunus.)
Amaryllideae.
Sp 23.
Corsica 182". O s.l Sw, fl. gar. 297
Numidia 1820. O s.l. Bot. reg. 544
Nos. 4168. and 4169. in p. 248. are also
to this genus.
2566. *733a. A "CIS Sal.
Acis.
c.
rose-cla
8 Apr + au.s R
- grandiflorus Red. ...great-flowered # A pr?", au.s. W
17105 -
- roseus Swt.
17106 -
735. CRI'NUM.
17107 4187a legans Carey
elegant
w Cz\] or 4 s
Sp. 2766.
.E. Indies 1823. O s.l. Bot. mag. 2592
2567. *736a. CLI'VEA Lindl. (Named in compliment to the Duchess of Northumberland.) Amaryllideae. Sp-l:
-nbilis Lindl.
noble
: A spl 1} my...au R.Y C. G. H. 1823. O rim Bot. reg. 1182
17108 -
Imatophyllum Aitoni Hook. Bot. mag. 2856.

2568.*738a. PYROLI*RION Herb.
(Pyr, fire, lirion, lily; colour of perianth.)
Amaryllideae.
Sp. 1.
17109 - aireum Herb.
golden-peri
6 LA] or l ap
Go
Peru
1833.? O p.1 Bot. reg. 1724
2569. *738b. HIPPEA*STRUM Hook. KNIGHT's STAR. (Hippews, a knight, astron, a star.) Amaryllideae. Sp. 2.
ambiguum
longiflorum Hook. long-flowered to [Z\] or ... ...
W.R Lima
1836. Q r.m. Bot. mag. 354:
17110 - brevifloruin Herb. short-flowered to DZX] or 3 ap
W.R. B. Ayres 1836. O r.m. Bot. mag. 361s
ailicum ; syn. Amaryllis ailica, No. 4235. in p. 252.
Sp. 34113.
739. AMARY"LLIS.
4236 psittacina
A hybrida Hook.
hybrid
sittacina Jhnsoni Gowan in Hort.
17111 4240a kermesina Booth carmine-perianth
4242 pulverulnta.
A longipedunculata Lindl.long-ped.
* [A] spl. 11 ap
R.G.
Eng. hyb. 1820. O rim Bot. mag. 3528
tr. 5. p. 361. ; A. Griffini Swt. hort brit. p. 509.

6 [Z\] or 1 ...
Car
Brazil
1833. O i.p.s. Bot. reg. 1638
& LA] or 2 mr.ap O
4273a carinta B. M.
4273b verectinda Herb.
4273c striata Herb.
1826. O r.m. Bot. reg. 1.188
Sp. 7-ll.
743. ZEPHYRA*NTHES.
17112 4272a Spofforthiana Herb. Spofforth

17113
17114
17115
Mexico
keeled
blushin
channelled
Ro "hybrid 1833.7 Q r.m. Bot. reg. 1746

t; UK, pr t'ap.my Pa.R Mexico 1824. Q s.l. Bot. mag #3
6 LA or
my
# A prs myjn Pk., Mexico 1824. Q s.l. Bot mag '

* LA pri ap.my W
Mexico
1824. O s.l. Bot. mag. 25%
2570. *743a, SCEPTRANTHES Grah. ... (Skeptron, a sceptre, anthos, a flower.)

Amaryllideae. ... Sp. 1. ...
17116 - - Drummndi D. Don. Drummond's 5 A or 1: jl
W.Pk Texas
1835. O r.m Sw.flgar.2s.3
Zephyrnthes Drummndi D. Don.
(Matthew Haylock, gard. to Mr. Herbert.)
Amaryllideae.
Sp. 1.
* A or a s
Str B. Ayres 1829.
s.l. Bot reg. 1371
2571. *743b. HAYLOCKIA Herb.

17117 - pusilla Herb.
dwarf
744. HABRANThUS.
4276 gracilifolius
Boothinus Herb. Booth's
Sp. 714.
two-cleft
* A pr. 3 o
& LA pr?' s
t; AJ or 4.jn
Bagnold's
to AJ or
Anderson's
Texian
# UAJ or 1 ap.my Y.R
B. Ayres 1823. O s.l. Bot. mag.,2:7

Chile
1829. O s.l. Bot. reg. 1395
Mt. Video 1829. Q s.l. Bot. reg. 134.
to laj or 1 ...
to laj or 1 jl
Y
R
Texas
Chile
17118 4276a angstus Herb.

17119 4276b bifidus Herb.
17120 - Bagnldi Herb.
marrow
17121 -
- Andersni Herb.
17122-
B texnus Herb.
- miniatus D. Don
red-flowered
1 n
Pk
R
Pk
Y
B. Ayres 1836. O s.l. Bot. reg. 1967

1822. O p.1 Bot. mag.
Brazil
1834. O s.l. Bot. mag. 3596

1832. O lt.s Sw.fl.gar.2.5.213
_+ a or 4 Jn.jl
Sp. 1221.
R.G.Y. Chile
1824. R 1.s.p Cav., ic. 1:76
17124 4286b acutifolia Lk. & O.
acute-leaved
I, Z\l or 6 au.o
R.Y.G Mexico
17125
rather hairy
parrot
A or
##.
el
4 jl
R.Y.G Mexico
1824. S
6 s.o
C.F
1829. O Lp Sw.fl.gar.2.5.15
748. ALSTROEME"R.I.A.
71.23 4286a ovta Cav.
ovate
4286c hirtella Krh.
17126 4286d psittacina Leh.
< 17100
Mexico
1829. O 1-p Sw.fl.gar:2 s.77
f:
Sw, fl. gar. 228.

17106
7106
*I. Clivra. A splendid green-house plant of culture, and may be propagated either by seeds or sucker".
748. Alstraemria. All the species of this genus have showy and beautiful flowers, and they may all be cultivated in
l
-"-----------
On DER I.
~~~~
1177
17099 Lvs. lanceol-ensiform undulat. acumin. rather spinous, Spike pend. many flwd. Flws. solit. Brac. very entire
17100 Leaves most singularly barred at uncertain intervals with white
17101 Rad. Ivs. glauc. erect recurved channelled ligul. obt. with a little point spinous serratures and cross. with white
downy bands, Spike capit. prolifer.
17102 Erectlvs. cordate lanceol. Flws. in crowded spikes
17104 Floating lvs. reniform cordate acuminated, Petioles inflated, Flws. in spikes
17105 Spathe 1-flwd. Leaflets of the perianth obl. bluntish entire, Lvs. narrow linear obtuse glaucous spreading
17106 Petals entire
17107 Limb longer than the tube much shorter than the style
17108 L vs. distichous coriac. strap-sh. sheath.g. at base retuse and oblique at apex margin rough, Flws. 48-50 in
pendulous umbel
17110 Scape ab. 3 ft. high rounded glauc. Spathe 2 lanceol. membran. Ifits. Umbel 6-dwd scentless, Germ. obovata
3-gonous, Style short. than perianth
1711.1 Lvs. linear obtuse shorter than scape, Umbel 3-dwd. Flws. nearly erect funnel-sh. I'edic round slender 2-3
inches long. Spathe 2-valved acumin.
[much declined long. than filam.
17112 Hybrid, Scape 54 in high, Spathe brownish-green, Pedun. 1 in. long, Lvs. not + in. wide acute keeled, Style
17113 Lvs. ligulate channeled keeled acute red near the base, Spathe 1-lvd cells of ovarium many seeded, Style robust
17114 Lvs. linear bluntish channeled purplish at the base, Spathe bifid, Style thick
1711.5 L vs. linear blunt channeled, Spathe reddish oifid
[somewhat 3-lobed Lvs. glaucous shorter than
17116 Limb of the perianth coarctate 3 times shorter than tube, Segms. ovate mucron. with involute margins, Capsules
17117 Lvs. narrow lying on the ground rising in autumn after the flowers
118 Lvs. narrow obtuse, Scape 2-flwd.
# 19
Lvs. narrow, Scape 4-flwd. Spathe bifid

1712o Lvs. obtuse glaucous umbel 6-flwd.
17121 Lvs. narrow, Scape 1-flwd. Spathe divided at apex
[rather long. than lvs.
17122 Umbel 2-5-flwd. Perianth campanul. Limb 6-parted thrice longer th: tube, Throat beard. Scape very smooth
17123
17124
17125
17126
Lvs. obl: acumin. petiol. villose above, Pedun. umbellate, Bract. loose, Segms. of cor, connivent
stem twining, Leaves obl.lanceol. acumin, many-nerved twisted at the base, Nerves pilose above, Umbel many
flwd. peduncles hispid
[shorter
stem smooth, Lvs. obl. acumin. striated petiolate pubesc. ben. Umbel many flwd. Outer segments of cor.
Stem erect spotted, Lvs. obl.lanceol. acute twisted at the base, Umbel many-ffwd. Peduncles angular
_R r1
17116
and outscellaneous Particulars.
deep dry sandy soil in a warm situation in the open air, provided they receive the protection of a frame, or of dry litter
or leaves, during winter.
1178
4288 pulchlla Sins; syn. Hookrii Swt.

B pilosa Lindl.
hairy-leaved
: [Z\] spl 1 aut
4288.a. Neillii Gill.
Neill's
* LA el 2 jn
27
28 4288b haemntha R. & P. blood-cla-fluid 3: Ajor, 13 jl

7129 -
- auranthaca R. & P. orange-cla-sep. 2: A spl 27 jn
CLAss VI.
S
Chile
...
Pa. Ro Mendoza 1827.
1830.
O-spot Chile
1831.
Dp.O.R Chile
S 1.s.p. Bot. reg. 1410

O 1.p Bot. mag. 316.5
O 1.s.p. Sw.fligar 2-s-15s
D 1.s.p. Sw.fl.gar.2.s.20.
2372. *749a. CUMMINGIA D. Don. (Lady Gordon Cumming, of Altyre, Forres, N.B.) Asphodlear. Sp.13.
17130 - - trimaculata D. Don three-spotted & A. el # d
B
Chile
1829. O p.1 Sw.fl.gar.2. s.s.
765. Tha DESCA*NTIA.
436la caricifolia Hook.
Sedge-leaved
u"131
17132 4364a pilosa Leh.
hairy
Sp. 1426.
Sr A or 1 aus
St. A cu 23 aut
B
B.P.
Texas
1835. D rim Bot. mag. 35.46
Louisiana 1832. L. co
Bot. mag. 32.94
2573. *769a,
FU'NKIA Spr. FUNK1A; , (Henry Funk,
a German cryptogamist.)
ideae, Sp.37.
17133 - Sieboldtiana Dens. Sieboldt's
A or l jn
Li Japan Hemerocal
1830. D r.l Bot. cab. 1859
17134 - lanceaefolia Dens. lance-leaved
A or 2 jl.au Li
Japan
182. D. s. Bot. cab. 16'.
17135 - - albo-marginata Hook. white-margd
A or 13.jl
L
Japan
1837.? D. s.l. Bot. mag. 3637
Nos. 4383. and 4384. in p. 260, are referable to this genus.
771.
Sp. 2335.
L1"LIUM.
showy
to a spl. 2 au
C
Japan
1833. 0 p.l Bot: reg, 2000
suprbum Thun. Fl. Jap. 134.; Kasbiago vulg Konokho Juri Kaempf. Amoen. 871.; lancifolium Hort.
17137 4486b speciosum Thun.
B. Tametmo Sieb.
eximium Hort.
4503a tenuifolium Fis.
17138
Tametoma
spl 4 jl.au
slender-leaved 6 A or
1 jn.jl
Japan
Siberia
17139 4507a montna B. R.
17140 4508a praecox Ten.
Persian sun's eye & A spl 1 mr
S.bk Persia
S
Persia
mountain
* A or
early-flowering & A or
1 jl
1 ap.my S
* A or
1 ap.my R
17141 45085 pubescens Jy.

ubescent
17142 4508c Bonarotiana Reboul Bonarota's
17143 4509a stellata B. M.
17144 - scabriscpa Str.
r.m.
Sp.1524.
772. T"LIPA.
4506 culis solis.
A prsica Lindl.
1831. O
1820. O p.1 Sw.fligar.2 s75
Italy
......
* A or 14 ap.my R.Va Italy
1826. O co Bot. reg. 1143

1826. Q r.m. Bot reg. 1":
1825. O r.m Sw.fl. gar.15.
1824. Or.m Sw.fl. gar. 78
1827? O co
Sw.fl.g. 2 s.11%
& AJ or 23 mrap W
rough-stemmed 6 A or 2 ap.my R.Y
starred
2574. *773a. CYCLOBO'THRA Smt.

- purpurea Swt.
purple
- legans Ph.
elegant
Calochrtus legans Ph.
17147 - pulchlla Benth.
pretty-ftwd
Kumama 1827. Or.m. Bot. mag. 2762

Italy
1837. Or.m. Bot. reg. 1990
(Kyklos, a circle, bothros, a pit; each sepal.)
Tulipaceae. Sp. 4.
17145 -
17146 -
: A or 3 au.s
* A pr? jn.jl
P.G.
W
Mexico 1827. Op.i

Columbia 1826. O s-p
Sw.fl.g. 2.5.3.
Hort. tr. 7.9
& A or 1 au.s Y
Californ. 1832? O p L Bot. reg. 1662
white-petaled # ZN or 1 aus W.
Californ. 1832? O p
Bot. reg. 1661
2575. *773b. RHINOPETALUM Fis. . (Rhin, nose, petalon, petal; base of upper sepal.). Liliaceae. ...Sp. 1.
17149 - Karellni Fis.
Kareline's
* A pr! ja Pa.Pk. Spt.Ural
18342 op.1 Sw.fl.g.2 s.
2576. *773c. CHARLWOO'DIA Swt. (G. Charlwood, F.L.S., an enthusiastic Eng. bot.) Asphodlear. Sp. 14.
17150 - stricta Stt.
upright
* D or 10 mr
B
N. Zeal. 1820. C p.1 Bot. reg.956
17148 -
... lba Benth.
Dracae''na stricta B. M.
1715l
774 DRACAE*NA.
4529a terminlis Jac.
Sp. 821.
terminal
? D or 10.jn.jl
782, ERYTHRO'NIUM.
E Indies 1820. Cpl
Bot. reg. 1749
Sp.45.
17152 4573a grandiflorum Ph: large-perianthed 5 A or ; my

Y
N.W.A. 1826? O p
Bot. reg. 1786
- gigantum Lindl. gigantic
# A spl......
N.W.A. ...... O p
2577. *705a P CALLIPRO RA lindl.
(Kale, pretty, prora, front; its beauty.)
Asphodlear. Sp. 1-...
17154 - lutea Lindl.
yellow-ftwd
6 A or a jl
Y' N.Califor.1831? O p
Bot. reg. 1590
2578.*798a. LAXMA'NNIA R. Br.
(E. Larmann, a Siberian traveller.)
Asphodlear. Sp. 1-.
17155 - gracilis R. Br.
slender
y: A or 3 jn.jl P.w N. Holl. 1824. D s-p
17153 -
Sp-25-33.
803. SCI*LL.A.
17156 4754a praebracteata Haw. long-bracted

peruviana Hort. not of L.
17157 47.55a Cupaniana Guss. Cupani's
17158 4758a amoenula W.
pretty
17159. 4759a villsa Desf.
villous-lvd
1 myjn B
r
1 jn
DLP Sicily
S.Europe...... O s.l.
1834?0 s.l.
Bot.mag."
Bot regists
Russia
1822. os.1
Bot. mag. 2"
Tripoli
1831. op.
Bot-mag.sell
772. Tulipa. It appears to us highly probable that the greater number, and indeed perhaps the whole, ofthe above
names, are only varieties.
--
-T-
s
Dar ER I.
HEXAN DRIA MONOGYNIA.
1179
[pruinose ent. Pedun. 2-flwd.

127 Lvs. spathul. about 7-nerved central rib hardly promin, behind in upper half reflect at point and sides glauco.
12* Erect, Lvs. lin.-lanceol. twisted margins ciliated, Pedunc. branc. umbellate, Perianth 6-lvd. 3 outer ones ovato
: 12
Stem erect, Lvs. lanceol. obtuse obsoletely denticulated, Umbels many-dwd. Pedunc. angular (lanceol. serrated
713o Limb of the perian longer than tube with 3 blk. spots in the centre
[Sheaths citint on margins
17131 Stem erect simple or bran, rounded glabr. jointed, Lvs. lin.-acuminated glabr. striated sheathing at base,
17 132 Stem dichotom. bran. and jointed: lower part glabr. upper densely hairy, Lvs. scarcely sheath. lanceol. wavy
striat.: lower downy, upper densely hairy
[wider in proportion
17.1:2 Lvs. all radic ov. acumin. striat. Bracteas lanceol. lower ones longer th: flws. upper one gradually smaller and
| 7-134 Lvs. lanceol. nerved. Corolla campanulate
[flwd Brac. ov. twice as '. as pedic.
| 7 | 3- Lvs. all radic. petiol. ov.-lanceol. verv acute elegantly margined with white, Petiol. longer th: 1vs. i:. 12-14
-
17136 Stem glabrous, Leaves scattered lanceolate 3-nerved attenuated at both ends, Corolla tubularly campanulate
[volute papillosely bearded
17137 Stem erect smooth, Lvs. scattered ovato-obl. nerved petiol. Bran. 1-dwd. Flws. drooping reflexed, Cor. re
17138 Lvs. very narrow linear scattered, Perianth smooth revolute, Capsule turbinate
[Lfits. ov. flat acute

17 130 stem leafy 1-flwd. Lower Ivs. obl -lanceol. channeled acumin. undul. glauc. Upper ones lin. flat, Perian oval.
171 to Stem 1-flwd glabrous, Flws. erect, Petals ovate lanceol. acuminated bearded at the apex, Lvs. ovate lanceol.
ciliate, Bulbs woolly
17141 Stem pubescent 1-dwd. 3 outer petals acute 3 inner ones obtuse and mucronate, Lvs. obl: lanceolate pubescent
17142 Stem pubescent longer than that on 1vs. Perianth campanulately spread. Segms. ellipt.-lanceol. acute bearded
at apex margin involute
[Filam, subulate
17143 Lvs lin-lanceol. subconvolute glauc. Petals lanceol. obtuse very spreading 3 outer ones longest, Stam. equal
17144 Scape pubescent scabrous, Lvs. flaccid, Segms. of perian. acumin. Stem 1-dwd.
[acute glab. inner ones blunt ciliated
17145 Glaucous, Stem few-flwd. Lvs. channeled acuminated upper ones dilated at the base, Outer segms. of perianth
17146 Stem 3-flowered one-leaved, Inner petals woolly
[ovate-lanceol. acumin.
17147 Umbel 2-3-flwd. Pedun. shorter than bract. Petals ovate obtuse serrulato-fimbriate, Flws globose, Sepals
17, 48 Umbel 2-3-flwd. Pedun. shorter than bract. Petals ovate very obtuse margin naked, Sepals ovate-lanceol. half
length of petals
17149 Lvs. lanceol. subconvolute, Flws. terminal solitary
17150 stem upright simple densely leafy, Lvs. lin-lanceol. cuspid recurv. patentent. Rac. terminal many-dwd
1715.1 stem arborescent, Lvs. attenuated at both ends, Branches of panicle divaricate, Flws. nearly sessile
[3-parted
152 Lvs. obl.-lanceol. subcomplic. obtuse. Segms.
''' ovate-lanceol. acumin. reflex. nearly from base, :
3 i.vs. obl. or lanceol. Scape irregularly bran. 5-dwd. Segms. of perian. acumin. reflex.from middle, Stigma
3-lobed
1715.4 habit of A'llium

17156 Lvs. broad linear longer than the scape, Bracteas equal in length to pedicels, Flowers disposed in a large sub
conical corymb. Perian spreading persistent
[few-flwd. Caps. rotate
*7157 Lvs. lanceol. flat very smooth and densely ciliated (edged with broken cartilaginous margin Lindl.), Corymbs
,7158 Scape 5-angled, Racemes 3-flwd Pedunc. drooping, Cor: campanulate patent. Bracteas very short
17159 Lvs. lanceolate sparingly villous, Racemes corymbose 5-7-ilwd. Bractes lanceol. equal to peduncles
&1715.1
1715.2
&
".
//#
:
*
*
17154
2577. Call prora. A handsome hardy bulbous plant, growing freely in a shaded peat border.
1180
CLAss VI.
2579. 803a. BARNA'RDIA Lindl. (E. Barnard, F.L.S., Vice-Sec. Hort.Soc. London.) Asphodeler. Sp. 1.
- scilloldes B. R.
Scilla-like
6 A or 3 jl.au P
China
1826. Op.
Bot reg. 105
17160 .
2580. 805a. DAUBE'NYA Lindl. (Dr. Charles Daubeny, Prof. of Chem. & Bot. at Oxford.) Asphodlear. SF.I.
-adrea Lind.
golden-cla-flund & LA or 4 jn
Y
C.G.H. 1832? O s.l
Bot. reg. 1813
17161 -
Massnia lutea Hort.
2581. *809a. CAMA'SSIA Lindl. (Quamash, or Cumas, native name in N.W. Amer.) Asphodlee. Sp. 1.
- esculnta Lindl..
esculent
* A or 14.jl
D.P. Columbia 1827. O p
Bot reg. 14s6
17162 -
2582. "809b. TRICHOPE'TALUM L. (Thrir, hair, petalon, a petal; inner perianth fringed.) Asphodleae. Sp #:
17163 17164 -
- grcile Lindl.
- stelltum Lindl.
y: a cu 3 jn.au W.GshChile
starry-flowered a LA cu l ap
W
Chile
slender
1828. Dr.m. Bot. reg. 1535

1829. D co
Bot. mag. 3084
Anthricum plumsum Boi. mag. 3084., Loud. Hort. Brit., R. & P. *

2583. "810a. STYPA'NDRA R. Br., STYPANDRA.
17165 -
- propinqua Cun.
near akin
(Stype, tow, aner, an anther.) ...Asphodlea. Sp. 15.
g AI or
1 sp
azure N.S.W.
1823. Cs.p.l. Bot. mag. 34.17
ne, a club; capsules). Asphodelez. Sp. 1-.
2584. *810b. TRICO'RYNE R. Br. TricoRYNE. (Treis, three,

17166 - eltior R.Br.
taller
y: LA or 2 jn.jl
W.
N. Holl.
1824. Dr.m
2585. *816a. HERRENRia a. & P.

(C.A. de Herrera, a Spanish agriculturist.)
Asphodolce. Sp. 12. *
17167 - parviflora B. R.
small-flwd
_+ [Z\] or 8 jn.jl G.Y. Brazil
1824. Crim Bot reg. 104:
2586. *816b. GEITONOPLE'SIUM Cun. (Geiton, neighbour, plesion, near; affinity & habitat.) Aspho. Sp.3-l.
- cymsa R. Br.
cymose
_3, LI pro my.jn G
N. Holl. 1825. C. p.l. Bot. mag. 313
17168 -
Luzuriaga cymosa Brown in Prod.

822. LACHENA"L.I.A.
Sp. 3136.
17169 4888a anguinea Swt.
serpent
17170
17171
Lily-flowered
* [ZNJ prl jn.jl

3 IZN prl apjl
W.
W.
changeable
purple
glaucous
* [A] el
t; [A] or 4 mr.my P
* A or $ my
P.G.
4888b liliiflora Jac.

4883a mutabilis
1717: 488% purprea Jac.

17173 4889b glaica B. R.
829. BERBERIS.
4922 vulgris
17174
17175
4922a ibrica Fis.

4924.a floribnda Wal.
17176 4924b asiatica Ror.

17177 4930a dealbta Lindl.
+ n
C.G.H.
C.G.H.
C.G.H.
1825. Q s.
1825. Q s.l.
1825. O s.l.
Sw.fl. gar. I*
Jac.ie. 2.3%
Bot. cab. 10.6
C.G.H.
1826. O s.l.
1825. O s.l.
Jac.ic. 2.
Bot. reg. 108:
Persia
Sp. 14-24.
3 10tea Dec., yellow-fruited

54
or 5 ap.my Y
Iberian
many-flowered six
or 10
Asiatic
whitenc-lvd
or 4 ......
or 10 d
*
a
......
1 purprea Dec., purple-fruited

Iberia
......
Nepal
1818. L. r.m
...... L. r.m.
Y
Y
Nepal
Mexico
1823. L. r.m
1830? L. r.m. Bot. reg. 1750
-
2587. *829a. MAHO'NIA Nut. (Bernard M. Mahon, of N. Amer., a lover of botany.)

Berberider. sp. s.
17178 - fasciculris Dec... bundled://wd * - or 10 ap my Y
Californ. 1819. L. co
Bot. mag. 2396
-
No. 4929, in p. 286.
17179 -
- Aquifolium
17180 -
17181 17182 -
glumcea Dec.
- rpens G. Don
- tenuifolia Lindl.
Nut.
* - or 6 ap.my Y
N. Amer. 1824. G. r.m. Bot. reg. 1425
nerved-leaved
Holly-leaved
5% - I or 10 o
N. Amer. 1826. Gr.m. Bot. reg. 1426
creeping
slender-lvd
*
or
* or
2 ap
Y
...... ...
N. Amer. 1824. R r.m.
V. Cruz
Bot. reg. 1176
1838? L. r.m.
2588. *833a. SCHRADERA Vahl. ScHRADERA. (Henr. A. D. Schrader, a German bot.) Rubiaceae. Sp. 1-.
- cephalotes W.
round-headed a D or 4 jl.au R
Jamaica 1820. C 1.p
Fchsia involucrata Swz.
17183 -
2589. *836a, STEPHASNIA Dec. STEPHANIA, (F. Stephan, a professor at Moscow.). Capparide:
17184 -
- cleomides Dec.
Cleome-like
Capparis paradoxa Jac.
* D or ...... ...
Caraccas 1823. C i.p
Sp. l.
Jac. sc. 111

*he
2581. Camssia 17162 esculnta. This plant is known by the natives under the name of Quamash; edandpeari,
bulbs are carefully collected by them, and between hot stones, when they assume the appearance of ble #i to
-
h an agreea
and are of an agreeable sweet taste. They form a great part of their winter "e". I', requiring
Governor Lewis's party, they occasioned bowel complaints if eaten in any Quantity:
to be planted in a and may be propagated either by sceds or bulbs. (Furth) d soil
-
25a5. Herreria. A singular, but desirable, hot-nouse climber, growing freely in any #2'
to leaves. The late
2587. Mahonia. "Th' species are clogant evergreen shrubs, with yellow lowers and pin"
=
-
PRDER. I.
11F.X.ANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
1181
obl.-concave narrowed at base

fleo Lvs. weak lin. channel. cuspid. rather angul. extern. Scape erect 6-angled, Rac. simple conic. Perian. 6-leaved,
161 Habit of Massonia, Umbel sessile
7162 Bulb ov. about size of hazelnut, Lvs. lin. acumin. channel. short. than scape broken back from weakness, Pedic.
filif. 1 in long, Perian. G-lvd. 2 in. in diam.

7163 Stem paniculate, Petals and sepals revolute, Flowers nodding
71.64 Scape 2-4-flowered rather leafy, Petals bearded capsules elongated
716.5 Glaucescent, Lvs. distinct twisted

716.G. Stem terete leafy, Leaves flat, Umbels 5-7-flowered
71.67 Lvs. lanceolate, Segments of perianth ovate obtuse
71.68 Cymes terminal bipartite, Branchesterete, Branchlets striated glabrous
71.69
717o
7171
717.2
1717.3
Flws. campanulate stalked drooping, Stamens exserted descending, Leaf long solitary fasciate underneath
Lvs. twin fanceol. pustulate, Scape erect, Corolla spreading reflexed, Petals nearly linear
[broader at base
Lvs. obl.-lanceol. acute channeled, smooth margins undu's. Fiws: subsess... horizont. Brac. very small acumin.
L vs. twin lanceolate crenulated, Flowers pedunculate spreading, Corolla subcylindrical
Flws. turbinate, Rac. loose pyramidal many-dwd. Lvs. broadly acuminated glaucous
&
Dec., black-fruited
* asperma Dec., seedless
3 dulcis A.B., sweet-fruitca
17174 Spines simple and 3-parted, Lvs. obovate oblong quite entire, Racemes many-dwd. Petals entire
17175 Spines 3-parted and very stiff. Lvs. oblong or obl.-lanceol. nearly ent, toothed in various degrees somewt. deeply
and coarsely veined, Rac. slend long loose
[Rac. short many-dwd. corymbose
17176 Spines trifid or simple, Lvs. oval cuneat. or ellipt. mucron: smooth under surf glauc. ent or spinulosely tha.
17177 Spines scarcely any, Lvs. roundish coarsely toothed rather glauc. white ben. Rac. very short compact pendulous
1717s Lvs. 3-6 pairs with odd one lowest pair near base of pet. Leaff. ov.-lan. rath. distant 1-nrvd. 4 or 5 spiny teeth
on each side, Rac, nearly erect
17179 Lvs. 4 pairs with odd one lowest pair distant from base of pet. Leaf. ov. approxim. cordate at base 1 mrvd. 9 or
6 spiny teeth on each side, Rac. erect
3 5-nrvd. Rac. elongated
17180 Lvs. 5-6 pairs with odd one lower pair dist. from base of pet. Leaff. ov. acumin. 12 or 14 teeth on each side
17181 Lvs. 2-3 pairs with odd one roundish-ov. opaque spiny toothed, Rac. diffuse, Root creeping
17182 Lvs. pinnate and ternate, Leaflets ovate oblong acute thin flat and quite entire
17183. Lvs. obl.-acuminated, Pedunc. termin. solit. short, Heads of flws. surrounded by ent involucr. Cor. 7-8-lobed
17.184 Lvs. obl.-lanceol. acuminated scarcely longer than pedicels

-
17179
17170
1717.7
-
resemble pretty much those of the ash, and hence, doubtless, the name of Ash-berber
Natives of th
of Amer...and also of Nepal, and perhaps Japan. Though some botanists think he
genus, and those ascribed to Berberis, are not sufficient to keep them separate as genera; yet the ha
of the species
of one, as to the mode of growth, foliage, and inflorescence, are so distinct from those of the other, bits
as to induce us to
adopt Mahnia. The species in British gardens are all of comparatively slow growth. and admit of but slow multipli
that way.
(Arb.and
Brit.
vol. #.atp.all
3
g
e
wever, seed freely, and are readily prop
cation
by layers,
scarcely
by cuttings.
Some of them,
how
-
i.
---
- --
1182
CLAss VL
TRIG P.N.I.A.
2590.*845a. CALOCHO'RTUS Ph. CalochoRTUs. (Kalos, handsome, chortos, grass.) Liliaceae. Sp.46.
17185 - macrocrpus Dou. long-fruited
d AJ spl 2 au
P
Californ. 1826. Q s-p Bot. reg. 1153
17186 - splndens Dou.
splendid-cor.
6 a spl 1* au.s Li
Californ. 1832? O s.p Bot. reg. 1675
handsome-cor. & AJ . . . aus ...W.spt Californ. 1832? O s-p Bot. reg. 16:
yellow-petaled 5 A or 1 so Y.G.spt Californ. 1834. O s-p Bot. reg. 1567
2591.*851a. MERENDE"RA Bieb. (A name given to Colchicum by the Spaniards.) Melanthaceae. Sp. 1.
17189 - caucasica Bieb.
Caucasian
* A or ; au
P
Caucasus 1823. O s-p Bot. mag. 3690
17187 -
- venustus Dou.
17188 -
- lteus Dou.
Bulbocodium trigynum Adams, Clchicum caucsicum Spr.

Sp. 2-5
17190 4996a Blackburnidna Lo.C. Blackburn's + -l or ...
... G
tropics 1825. ss. G. m. v. f. 16.
2592. *855a. LIVISTO'N IA R. Br.
(Patrick Murray, of Levistone, near Edinburgh.) Palmar. Sp. 1-2.
17101 inrmis R. Br.
unarmed
+ L-J or 40 ...
...
N. Holl. 2824. S. r.m. Mart. Palm. t.
855. SATBA L.
Page 296.
2593. Pavia.
CLAss VII. HEPTANDRIA.
Order 1. MONOGYN.I.A. 7 Stamens.

Capsule smooth. That of AEsculus is echinated.
7 STAMENs.
1 Style.
M ONO G PNI.A.
2593. *866a. PAVIA Boer. PAvi A.

#5058 rusra Lam.
(Pierre Paw, professor of botany at Leyden.)
Den.br. 12c
Bot. reg. 310
17192 -
17193 17194 -
red-flowered
or 6 my.jn S
AEsculice.e., Sp,6-8.
N. Amer. 1711. G. s.l.
AE'sculus Pvia L. No. 5058. in p. 296.

B arguta Bot. reg. 993,
2 sublaciniata Den. br. 120,
+ 5060 flva Dec
yellow
*
or 20 my.jn Y
N. Amer. 1764. G sl
AEsculus flava H. K. No. 5060. in p. 296.
+ 5059 discolor Swt.
two-cli-fluid
&
or 5 my
R.Y. N. Amer. 1812. G s.l.
AEsculus discolor Ph. No. 5059. in p. 296.
- neglcta G. Don
neglected
or 20 my.jn Pa.Y
......
1823? G co
- macrocrpa Hort. long-fruited
or 20
.
R.Y
1826. G co
- macrostchya Dec. long-spiked
*
or 6 inji
W
N. Amer. 1820. G co
parviflora Walt.
s'\
\\
Bot reg. 1009.

A.b. vol.5.pl.:"
A.b. f. 137
%-.
%
*\,
= 1a
\ %% =
| ".
--S
. a. E-
E. macrostachya Mr.
17188
Den.br. 163
"I'll
a: =
='.
->''<-->\
-
:S
* A) \\
# 17191
---
-4.
-.
17190

2590. Calochartus. A genus of very handsome bulbous plants, which may be planted in a warm border in the open
air during the summer, but should be taken up as soon as the leaves are and kept dry till they begin to
shoot, when they may be potted and kept in the green-house till the spring frosts are over.
Page 300.
CLAss VIII. OCTANDRIA.
Order 1. MONOGYNIA. 8 Stamens.
#.
8 STAMENs.
1 Style.
Chymocrpus. Calyx persistent, valved in aestivation. Petals 2. Fruit baccate, composed of 31."
carpels.
*5. Arthrostmma, Cal. turbinate or campanulate, usually beset with bristles or scales on utside, 4-lobed
Petals 4: Stigmas 8, glabrous Anthers oblong; having their connectives rather long, and bluntly biauriculate at
base. Ovarium bristly at apex. Capsule 4-celled.
ORDER III.
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
11.83
TRIO, PN/A.
17185
17186
17187
17188
Stem 3-5-lvd. 2-flwd. Petals beautifully bearded at base, Capsule erect linear-oblong
Stem 3-5-flwd. Sepals revol. Petals with wart-like tuft of very short firm hairs
Stem few-lvd. sub-2-flwd. Sepals erect, Petals with oblong tuft of rather loose hairs a short distance ahove base
Stem sub-3-flwd. Lvs. convolute shorter th: pedun. Petals cuneate rounded at apex transv. bearded about middle
17189 Anthers versatile, Lvs. lanceol.-linear spreading, Flowers rising at the leaves
17190 Leaves fan-shaped, Spathe divided, Flowers panicled

17191 Segments of fronds connected by threads, Stipes unarmed
Class VII. - HEPTANDIt I A.
MONO G. P.N.I.A.
+5058 Leafl. 5 ellipt-obl. tapering at both ends smooth as is pet. axils of nvs. hairy on under surf. of lvs. Petals 4
longer than stams.
3 humilis Bot. reg. 1318,
humilis pndula A. B.
+5060 Leafl. 5-7 pubesc. beneath and above upon nerves, Petioles pubescent flattish towards the tip
+5059 Whole plant including young wood covered with pubescence, Flws. large and snowy
17192 Lvs. with rufous down on veins on upper side smooth beneath ; rather vlicate
[petals less spreading
1719.3 Lvs. large smooth on '' surface and shining, Flws, nearly as large as those of sculus Hippocastanum but
17194 Stamens much longer than corolla, Racemes verv long, Root stoloniferous
sigade
t 5009
- 1719.3
- ---" "
|E. - \ .
-
- N
- 2%.
-
*A
\ * :
.
--
2
-
2593. Pavia. Middle-sized deciduous trees or shrubs, distinguishable from the horsechestnuts by the smoothness
of their fruit, and the comparative smallness of their flowers, which have their petals erect and narrower. The leaves,
also, are generally smaller and smoother. (Arb. Brit. p. 469.) Budding and grafting are the most usual modes of
propagation, though they are frequently increased from seed.
2566. Godetia. Limb of calyx reflexed. Capsule opening at angles. Placenta persistent. Stamens all alike.
Chalaza of the seed crowned round the margin by a fringe.
2597. Clrkia. Limb of calyx 4-parted. '. 4, tripartite. Caps. 4-celled. Seeds not pappous.
2598. Eucharidium. Tube of calyx above the ovarium, elongated, filiform, with a 4-parted deciduous limb. Petals 4,
clawed, trifid. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved, dehiscent. Seeds numerous.
2599. Franca. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens distinct, 16, 8 of which are fertile. Anthers 2-celled.
Capsule 4-gonal, 4-celled.

4 G
--
--"
1184
CLAss VIII.
MONO G V.N.I.A.
Sp. 1011.
875. TROPAE'OLUM.
5083 majus
2 atrosanguineum D. Don dark red 3: O or 3 jn.au D.R. gardens ......,

17195 5086a polyphyllum Cav,
many-leaved
17196 5086b Jarrattii Youell

17.197 50.86c tricolrum Stre.
Jarratt's
$ ual or 3
ALu Jel 12
three-coloured a law el 12
17198 5086d brachyceras Hook, short-spurred IR LA pr12
17199 5086e tuberosum Maund tuberous-rooted: Jesc 3
2594."875a. CHYMOCA*RPUS d. Don.
17200 -
- pentaphyllus D. Don five-leaved
jn.jl
......
jn.s
au
s
Sco
O.Y
S. Y
O.P.
Chile
1827. C s.l
Santiago 1836. C p.1
Valpara. 1828. C. p.l
Y R. &#
C 1.p
Y.
Peru,
1837. R.C. r.
-.
(Chymos, juicy, karpos, fruit; berry.)
Sw.fl.g.2.s.204
Cav, ic. 4.36
Pax. mag. 5; 29
Sw.fl. gar. 270
Bot. reg. 1926
Bot. gar. 633
Troparoleae. Sp. I
1 & or''..."it'd''. Ay:"1830 C's: a 2.5
Tropae'olum pentaphyllum Lam.

892. ERI"CA.
1720.1 5114a penicillata Sal.
* u, , or 2 va.sea
* L or 13 s
flesh-coloured * Ll or 17 jl.s
17204 5127c chloroloma Lindl. green-fringed a U or 2 n
17205 5128a rigida Lod.
stiff
* Ljor 2 jl.au
17202
17203
5127a carinata Lod

51.27b carnnula Lod.
ncilled
eeled
Sp. 320562.
C.G.H.
1792.
C.G. H. 1820.
C.G. H. 1818.
C.G. C.G. H. ......
Ro
P
F
Pk
17206 5134a epistbmia Nois.

spout-flowered a u_j or 2 my.jn Y.G
17207 5184a pseudo-vestita Bot. hybrid-clothed re-U pr2 my...
Pk
17208 5205a calstoma Lod.
pretty-mouthed flu I or 1 my.jn F
17209
52.12a Russelliana Lod.
17210 5237z cnica Lo. C.

1721 1
5284a codonodes Lindl.

5352 Ttralix
crnca
* Uel
1; my.jn Pk
Russell's
conical
bell-formed
or 12 f.m.
flesh-coloured
&
or 1 jn.au F
or 1 jm.au F
or 2 jn.s
W
* L or 2 my au P
Mackaidna A.B. Mackay's

*
17212 5358a lactiflora Lod.
milk-flowered a U.
17213 5359a villosiscula B. C. slightly villous * U or 13 my

17214 5372a recurvta Bedf.
recurved
* Ll or 2 my
C. s.p
C sp
C. s.p
C. s.p
Bot. cab. 1918

Bot. cab. 1071
Bot. cab. 926
Bot. reg. n s.17
C.G.H.
1820. Cs.p
C.G.H.
1810. C. s.p
Bot. cab. 1186
hybrid
...... Cs.p
Eng. hyb. 1810. C s-p
Botanist, 104
Bot. cab. 1753
C.G.H.
C.G.H.
Pa. Ro .........
Bot. cab. 1286
1820. C. s.p
Bot. cab. 1013
1820. C s-p
C. s.p
Bot. cab. 1179

Bot. reg. 16's
......
Britain
Ireland
mo.he L co
...... Ls.p
C.G. H.
Li
C.G.H.
B.w.a C.G.H.
1820. C. s.p
1829? C. s.p
1810. C s-p
Bot. cab."
Bot. cab. 1844
Bot. mag. 3427
Bot. cab. 116
17215 -
- rabida Lod.
red
* L J or 2 jl.au
Pk
C.G.H.
1826. C. s.p
17216 -
- crinita Lod.
hairy
* u_J or 2 ......
C.G.H.
1826. C p.1
Bot. cab. 143
17217 -
- Beaumontihna Roll. Beaumont's
a U
17218
17219
1722.0
17221
17222
17223
17224
17225
- vernalis B. C.
- undulta B.C.
* L or 3 mr.ap Pk
C.G.H.
C.G.H.
1820. C sp
1827. C s-p
Bot. cab. 1636

Bot. cab. It"
C.G.H.
C.G. H.
C.G. H.
C.G.H.
1727.
1829.
1792.
1820?
Bot. cab.
Bot. cab.
Bot. cab.
Bot. cab.
.
-
- quadrata B. C.
- hispida B. C.
vernal
or 1 jn
waved-tubed
as U or
square-mouthed as U or
hairy-leaved
* L J or
1? su
Ro
11 my
''
W
Pk
C s-p
C s-p
C.s.p.
C. sp.
- cantharifrmis B.C. cantharis-ftwd *U or ... myjn W

- dichrmata B. C. two-coloured * U or 3 aut.w Y.Pk C.G.H. 1800. C. s.p
- verectinda B. C.
ruddy-flowered as U or 3 su.aut Ro
C. G. H. 1820. C :
- Willmbrei K. & W. Willmore's
a LJ or 3 jl
Pk hybrid
1837. C s.p
179:
1943
s:
1961
Bot. cab. 1813

Bot. cab. 1827
Fl. cab. 2. 115
2595. *900a. ARTHROSTEMMA Pav. (Arthron, joint, stemma, crown; anth. jointed on fil.), Melastom. Sp;3.
17226 - nitidum Grah.
glossy-leaved n-u J or 2 jl
Pa. Li B. Ayres 1830. S p.1
Bot. mag. 3412
17227 .
- versicolor Dec.
various-cli
* u, , or # 8
Pk
Brazil
1825. C s-p Bot. mag. 3678
901. deNOTHE*R.A.
Sp. 4170. (including 8 sp. of Godetia.)
17228 5437a salicifolia Desf.
17229
5446a serrulata Nut.
Willow-leaved a CD or 2 jm.au
SY A prl jn
serrulated
......... -
N. Amer. 1824. S p.1
1824. S co
Sw, fl. gar. 133
Chile
1823 s s.l.
Bot. reg. 1040
Texas
1833. C. s.l.
Bot. mag. 3361
.........
1820. D co
8w. d, gar, 184
A ambigua Hook. ambiguous

w: A or 1 jl
Y
N. Amer. 1813. D co
(E. ambigua Spr., Dec.; (E. canadnsis Gold,. . iin Edin. Phil. Journ.
17233 5448 missourinsis B. M. Missouri
St A or 1 in.au Y
N.Amer. 1818. Rs.1
Bot. mag. 3545
17230 54.46% cheiranthifolia Hort. Cheir.-leaved
r- u_j or
17231 5446c Drummndii Hook. Drummond's
R. A. or ; au.s
late-flowering Y A or 11 au.s
17232
5446d sertina Hort.

5447 fruticosa
11 jn.au Y
Bot. mag. 15.2
875. Tropae'olum 17199 tuberosum. This species may be considered about as hardy as the potato, and, like ".
roduces eatable and agreeably flavoured tubers.
Mr
mbert was the first, we believe, who grew these tubers in
ngland, and presented them at table. When boiled, the tubers are of a soft pulpy substance, and, Mr. Cameron's
in flavour resemble sea-kale, mixed with the hot taste of garden cress. The council of the Caledon. Hort.Soc. consid:
the tubers to be of a very delicate flavour, resembling the richest asparagus. Mr. Young of Epsom found the
-
Oabra I.
OCTANDRIA MONOGYN1 A.
1185
MONO G. P.N.I.A.
17195
17196
17197
17198
17199
[quite entire
Leaflets 5-10 obl. or obovate bittle-toothed cuneated at base, Petals unguicul. rather longer than cal obtuse
Leaflets 7 obovate lanceolate, Segments of calyx blunt
Tuberous, Stem slender climbing branched, Lvs. peltately divided, Segms. 6-7 obov. ent cuspid. Petioles cirrhose
Lvs. peltate, Segms. 6-7 oblong-obov. ent sess. Petals cuneif. Cal. segms, obtuse, Spur very short and very blunt
Lvs. peltate nerved 5-lobed transversely truncate at base smooth, Petals almost length of calyx
17200 Leaflets 5 ovate or ov.-lanceol. ent stalked, Petals 2 sessile acute quite ent shorter than calyx
17.201 Lvs. linear, Peduncles axillary 1 flwd. Stamens much exserted, Fctasis
[trests of anths. plumose
17202 Lvs. 5 in whorl reflexed '' , Flws termin. Bract remote from cal. Tube of cor. cylind. inflated ribbed.
17203 Lvs. 3-4 in whorl linear glabr. Flws. termin, racemose, Cal. bracteate, Cor. with inflated tube and short limb
17204 Lvs. linear 5 in a whorl pubescent, Branchlets pilose, Corolla cylindrical glabrous constricted at apex, Syringdea
7205 Glabr. Lvs. 4 in whorl linear spread. Flws. termin. pedicellate, Cor. ventricosely tubular, Border
remote from cal.
[Stam. and pist. enclosed aristate
17206 Lvs. glabrous, rlws. termin. Bract. remote from and close to cal. Cal. large inflated, Tube of cor, obl. inflated,
r"207 Ivs. acerose, Corolla cylindrical, Limb short spreading
[white limb
17208 Glabrous, Lvs. lin. 4 in whorl, Flws. termin crowded, Cor, with elongate ventricose tube dark neck and
17209 Lvs. 4 in whorl lin. glabr. Flws. termin. Bract. remote from cal Cor; ov.-globose with large open segments
17210 Lvs. 4 in whorl linear glabrous, Flws. axillary racemose, Stam. and pist. enclosed
17211 Branchi. villose, Lvs. in threes very narrow, Cor. campanulate, Style exserted, Stigma simple
17212 Lvs. 4 in whorl as well as bran, scabr. Flws. termin. erectish, Cor. ovate, Bract, remote from cal. Anth. crested
17213 Hairy, Lvs. acicular ciliated with long hairs, Flws, in racemose terminal fascicles, Cor, campanulate
17214 Lvs. 6 in whorl lin. flexuous recurved, Flws. termin nearly sess. drooping capit. Bract. sess Cor. curved ov.
obl. Anth. mutic
17215 Lvs. 4 in whorl lin. glabr. Flws. termin. and axill. Bract. distant from cal. Cor. tubular
17216 Lvs. 6 in whorl crowded lanceol. each termin. by a hair, Flws.nrly. termin. drooping, Cor. cylindric contract.
at neck
[little exserted
17217 Glabrous, Lvs. lin. 5-6 in whorl, Flws. axill. and termin. drooping, Pedic. many-bracted, Cor. campanul. Style
17218 Glabrous, Lvs. 3 in whorl, Flws. terminal, Cor. campanulate, Style exserted
17219
17220
17221
17222
17223
17224
17225
Lvs. linear obtuse Corymbs 4-flwd. Cor. tubularly ventricose, Limb spreading, Stamens enclosed, Callista
Lvs. short blunt, Branchlets 3-4-flwd. Cor. ovate, Stamens enclosed, Erica
[urceol. globose
Lvs. 4 in whorl hispidly ciliated lin. spread. obt. Flws. termin. racemose pendul. Bract. remote from cal. Cor.
Lvs. obtuse, Flws. terminal, Pedicels about 3 together, Cal. reflexed, Cor. ovate ventricose
Lvs. short obtuse, Branchlets 3-4-flwd. Cor. tubular inflated towards the top Stamens enclosed, Syringdea
Lvs. 4? in a whorl lin. obt. Flws. lateral verticillate, Cor. with ventricose tube and spreading limb
Lvs. linear 3 in a whorl, Flws. early, Cor. tubular ventricose constricted at the mouth, Anthers enclosed
winged as are bran.
17226 shrubby erect

17227
pilose,
axill. 3-flwd. longer than

Lvs. ov. acute serrul. glabr. on both surfs. shining above, Pedun.
Lvs. petiol. ov. serrul. 5-nrvd. discoloured beneath, Flws termin. solit. Lobes of cal. 4 serrated
at apex
17228 Lvs. oblong-lanceol. acute nrly ent, rath. pilose thickish, Stem tall simple angul. Caps, oblong tetragonal
17229 stem branched pubesc. Lvs. obl.linear serrulated mucronate pubesc. beneath, Flws. sessile, Calyx angular,
obli somet. ov. rath. cord. all obt.

of several shapes, lower spatulate on long pet. distant: upper close togeth. somewhl sess.
Petals entire
1723.0 Lvs. glauc.
17231 Lvs. obl., ellipt. somewh. obtuse sfightly sinuately toothed atten. at base, Stem bran. succulent soft with down
[of stigma blunt spread.
as is fol.
17232 Stems ascend bran. pubesc, Lvs. lanceol. acute dentic. glabr. atten. at base, Petals wrinkled or plaited, Segms.
Caps. 4-winged
17233 Stem simple downy declimb. Lvs. lanceol. tapering at both ends margin. and slightly ciliat. Petals : obcord.
1722.0
1722.5
17-19
17217
tubers,
when boiled, superior in flavour to any potato, though disposed to be watery and not boiling firm.
Mag. xiv. p. 254.)
2564.
crpus.
2595. Arthrostentma.
For culture, &c., see Tropa'olum.

Propagation, &c., the same as recommended for Melstoma.
4 G2
(Gard,
1186
17234 5457a taraxacifolia Hort. Dandelion-lvd if A or + my...au W

17235 5467a densiflora Lindl.
17236 5468a pllida Lindl.
O or 3 aut
close-flowered:
1825. S co
Peru
Sw.fl. gar. 294
N.Califor. 1831. S. s.l.
Bot. reg. 1593
W.R. America 1826. D. p.
Bot reg. 1142
......
e A or 13.jn.s
pale-flowered
CLAss VIII.
2596. *901a. GODENTIA Spach. (Unexplained, but, doubtless, a Latinised proper name.) Onagraceae. Sp.11-3.
+5450 purpurea Cur.
O or
purple-flowered
. Amer. 1794. Sco
1 my...au
Bot. mag. 352
CEnothera purprea, No. 5450 in p. 318.; Godtia Willdenowiana Spach.

17237 17238 -
- Romanzvii Led.
- decambens Dou.
O or l jm.au P
O prl jm.n
P
Romanzow's
decumbent
- roseo-Alba Bernh, red & white

Dou. 4-spotted-petaled
Lindley's
- Lindleyana Dou.
delicate
f5463 tenlla F. per.
17239 17240 17241 -
N. Amer. 1817. S. co
Californ. 1827. Sco
1827. Sco Loud.f.g.pl.s.f3
O or 1 myau Rw Nepal
'
Bot. reg. 562

Bot. mag. 2889
N. Amer. 1826. Sco

N. Amer, 1826. Sco
1822. Sco
Chile
Bot, reg. 1119

Bot mag. **
Bot-mag. *
P
Californ. 1826. Sco
P.Fla Californ. 1834? Sco
Bot-mag.
O or
s
Pk
O or I jnn P
O pr? ap.au P
GEnothera tenlla, No. 5463. in p. 318.

17242 -
- viminea Dou.
17243 17244 -
- rubicunda Lindl.
- lepida Lindl.
17245 -
- vinosa Lindl.
2597.*902a. CLARKIA Ph.
'#
Bot. reg. 1856
C pr1 aus Pk Californ. 1835. Sco Rot-reg. 1:

Californ. 1835. Sco Bot-reg. 1880
o pr2"jlau Bh
(Capt. Clark, accomp. Capt. Lewis to Rocky Mountains.) Onagraceae. Sp.3.
17247 -
pretty
- pulchlla Ph.
white-fiowered
8 fl. albo Swt.
elegant
elegans Dou.
Phaeostoma Douglasii Spach.
rose-cla-fluid
Brbsea Hort.
double-flwd
* f. pleno Hort.
17248 -
- rhombidea Dou.
17246 -
O pra jn.s
o or 2 ji.au.
ruddy
pretty
wine-cla-ftwd
rhomboid
Bot.reg 1100
Loud-flig pl.s.fr
Bot-reg. 1575
O prl jn.o
O pr1; jno
O pr
jls
P
N. Amer. 1826. Sco
N. amer. 1826. Sco
W
Ro-P Californ. 1832. Sco
O pr2 jl.s
O pr2 jlis
pr 1 au
Pa.R. gardens ...... Roco Loud-fligp1944

Pa.R. gardens ...... Sco
Californ. 1834. Sco Bot-reg. 1981
P
-
gaurldes Dow, ms. Sw, fl. g. 379.
2598.*902b. EUCHARI DIUM F. & M. (Eucharis, agreeable; appearance of the plant.) Onagraceae. Sp. 1.
N. Amer. 1836. Spl. Bot reg. 19
O prl aps
P
- concinnum F. & M. meat
17249 -
Sp. 14-18
904. FU/CHSL1.
17250. 54.90c macrostmon Flper, long-stamened -- el 3 jlo

a discolor Lindl. two-coloured - or 3 au
*_j or 4 jno
a cnica D. Don conic
S.P.
Chile
1823. Cpl.
Bot. cab. 100:
R.Y.
P. Famine 1830? C. pl.

1825. Cpl.
Chile
Bot-reg is."
Bot-reg. 106:
S.P.
F. cnica Lindl.
D. Don
globose-ftwd
- U_J or 5 jn.s
C.P
Eng. hyb. 1830? C. p.1
Bot-reg.
Eng-hyb.?1836? C. pl.
1823. C. pl.
Chile
Pax-mag."
Bot regist,
*... globosa Hort.

subv. elegans Par. elegant-fluid - U_j spl 6 jn
3 grcilis D. Don
slender
* L or 8 myo S.P.
. . gracilis Lindl., F. decussta Grah.

* recurvata Hook. recurved-sep. * - spl 7 ...
* Upr 5 jn.s
17251 5490a microphylla Kth.
17252 5490c baccillaris Lindl.
17253 5492a parviflora B. R.
Bot-mag."
R.P.
Ir, hyb.
1835. Cpl.
S.P
Mexico
1828. C pi sw.f.g. ***
Ro
rod-branched is J or 5 su
small-flowered - U or 4 myo R
Mexico
Mexico
1829. Cpl.
1824. C. p.1
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
1827.
1824.
is37.
1837.
Thyme-leaved a u_j or 6
17254 5492b thymifolia Kth.
* J or 16
17255 5492carborscens Moc. arborescent
u_j el 2
- cylindracea Lindl.
17256 * Lispl 4
glowing
- fulgens Dec.
17257 -
al.":
myo R
Pk
o
au
myo
or 5 fjl
17258 5563a grandiflorum G. Don large-flowered or 50 ja.jn
A17259 5563b paniculatum G. Don paniculate
a C or 15 apji
elegant
17260 5563c elegans Kth.
916. COMBRE'TUM.
S
S
Cpl.
Cpl.
C. p.
C pil
Bot reg. 14"

Bot reg. 10's
Bot reg-last
Bot reg-943
Bot-reg-n->
Bot reg-n
Sp. 5-13.
S. Leone 1824. C. r.m
Guinea
Brazil
1824. C. r.m.
1820. C. r.m
TETRA GP'NIA.
2599. *932a. FRANCO'A Cav. (M. Franco, of Valentia, a promoter of botany in the 16th cent.) Galaciner.
17261 17262 17263 -
* A or 3 myjn Ro-C Chile

- appendiculata Cav. appendicled
Sowthistle-lvd a A or 23 J1.au Ro, P Chile
- sonchifolia Few.
Chile
branch-inflor. 4. A or 2 ji.au W
- rambsa D. Don
se
* Godetia. A genus of highly ornamental plants,s, separated
2597. Clair&ia.
by Spach from the genus denothera. It cont
'i' with the kind

of Evening
informs us
all the species with purple flowers, which Dr.
cas recommended
do same
neither&c.,
they
hy rids;
form
in (Enothra.
the sunshine,
their petals for
y close
.."
Culture,
Primrose.
-
and
thus forfeit all title to the name
A genus of very ornamental annuals. requiring the same treatment as that of the annual denother
*:
1831. S. p. Bot-reg 83.

1830. s r.l. Bot-cab. 1804
1831. S. p.1 Sw.a.gars
- a I.
1187
.nudTl,
ItOOt sees, angul. pilose
l.vs. lanceoL
triquetrous
LVS.
l.lnrt'r.l atten.
oil at_i both
. ends bluntish. Tube ofcal. short. Cape, ovate
Lvs.
lanceol.-obl.
murron,
tapering
into
petioles.
Caps,
obi.-cylindric.
eomewh.
pilose tapering from
Lvs. glauc. quite ent. pubesc. lower ones broadly ov. : upper ov.-lanceol. Capi.tetragonal
bluntly 4-gonal
base
villous
Lvs. lincar-lanccol.
lanceol. bluntishsomewh.
slightlydenticul.
toothed glauc.
Stem Stem
(bund.bran,
Caps,weak
cyllndrically
tetragonal
l.vs.
puberulous,
puberulous.
Caps. 4-gonal
atten.ih.at[villous
apex
1. linear-lanceol.
entire
bran.curved
Caps,
round longer
elongat.
acutebractcas
larger
In.
Lvs.
linear spatulate,quito
Stem
bran,glabr.
erect,Stem
Caps,ascending
furroweddiffuse
cylindric.
downy
than
.vs.
lanceol.
glauc. slightly
ent. Caps, cylindric.
atten.fiery
furrowed
pubescent.
slender
.vs.
linear-lanceol.
Anthers
red yellow
at apex,Bran,
Caps,long
linear
sets, rod-like
trui
,rs. linear-oblong
ovnte-lanreol.
ent. Caps.toothed.
sess.
ovate-oblong
.vs.
subdentated
glabrous.
Anthershairy
crimson yellowish at summit
eaves linear, Petals deeply3-lobed
;aves ovate dentated ft entire. Petals rhomboid undivided
Has theflowers
flowers of a pale brick-red rather than i
Has
aves the
lanceolate. semidouble
Petals rhomboid entire
bescent, Lvs. petiolate ovate entire, Flwt. axillary solitary
in. glabr. Lvs. 3 In whorl ov. acute denticul. on short petioles, Lobes of cal. oblong acute exceeding obov.
[spreading
.vs. 3-4 In whorl, Flws. pcndul. sollt. Petals equal to o&L Tube ofcor. conical,
Stigmapetals.
ovate Stigma 4.lobed
vs. in threes ovate toothed smooth as arebran. Calyx glob, half length ofpendul. smooth fiUf. red pedun.
vs. oppos. glabr. on long petiolesremotely denticul. Pedic. axill. noddingpuberul. length ofcal. Cal. lobet
ob), acute exceeding pets. Stigm. ent.
oppos.
small
elHpt.-obl.
dent, glabr. little
odie, axill. shorter th. flws. Cal. funnel-sh. Iba.
.i.acumin.
Stigm.
4-lbd. acutish
erect slender
rod-like,
Lvs. pale green thin. Cal. segmi. very narrow ft subulate
scatter,
oppos. petiol. ov.-cord. or oval quiteenL glauc. [short,
ft glabr.th.Pedic.
I.. smoothl*h,
lbs. reflcxed,Lvs.Stlg.
thickft4-lbd.
flws. sub-aggrcg.
Stig. undiv.
.. puberul.
Lvs.
about
oppos.
small
ov.
or
roundish
ov.
obt
almost
ent.
hairy
above
glabr.
ben.
Pedic.
axli.
Lvs.
3
in
a
whorl
ov.-obl.
acumin.
at
both
ends
petlol.
quite
ent.
Panic,
trichotom.
nrly.
naked.
Cal.
Iba.
ious,
Lvs.
obovate,
Calyx
cylindrical,
Petals
roundish
apiculated.
Anthersenclosed
[ov.
acute
reflexed
oppos. petiol.
acute denticul. glabr. Pedic. axill. short, th. flws. : upper ones racemose, Cal. lbs.
lanceol.
acuteov.-cord.
exceeds petals
oblong.
Spikes
shortterminal
axillarybranched
* terminal,
Cal.Cal.pubescent,
Petals
obovate
obtuse,Flws.
Stamens
long
.llipt.obtuse.
Panic,
hairy,
pubescent.
Bract,
veryben.
short.
pedicellate
acute
acumin,
puberul.
above
:
clothed
with
yellowish
tomtntum
Spks.
<-
s lanceol. acute hairy
TETRAGYNIA.
involute margine
, lb*. ^. 17M9
7
and Mitcellancvus Particular*.
4G3
1188
Page 332.
CLAss IX.
CLAss IX. ENNEANDRIA. 9 STAMENs.
Order 1. MONOGYNIA. 9 Stamens. 1 Style.

2600. Tetranthra. Involucrum of umbel 4-5-lvd., deciduous. Limb of perianth 4-6-parted.
Anthers 4-celled. Stigma dilated, sub-lobate very naked.
Stamens 6-15
MONO G. P.N.I.A.
2600. "934a. TETRANTHE RA Jac. TETRANThe R.A. (Tetra, four, aner, an anther.) Latirinae. Sp. 1-8.
17264 - laurifolia Jac.
Laurel-leaved * D or 6 my.jn G
China
1822. C. p.1 Bot. reg. 893
Litza chimnsis Lam.
Sp. 35.
St. A pr1: my.jn Ysh. W New Alb.
937. ERIO'GONUM.
17265 -
- compsitum Dou.
compound
Page 338.
Class X. DECANDRIA.
Order 1.
MONOGYN.I.A.
10 Stamens.
...
C. m.s. Bot. reg. 1774
10 STAMENs.
I Style.
2601. Castanosprmum. Calyx somewhat bilabiate, with short tube; upper lip bifid, lower one 3-fid. Petals 5,
papilionaceous, with wings and keel nearly equal in length. Legume stipitate, large, oblong-cylindrical, 2-valved,
usually 4-seeded. Valves coriaceous, spongy inside.
2602. Reichardia. Sepals 5, joined into campanulate crenulated calyx. Petals 6-10, somewhat papilionaceous.
Stam. declinate, distinct, cohering together beneath middle by beard. Style filiform. Stigma dilated. Legume
samaroid, ending in oblong wing.
2603. Eriostmon. Calyx
Petals 5, marcescent.
which bears the anthers. Fruit of 5, rarely 1-2, carpels.
2604. Phcbalium. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5.
Stamens unequal, free, fringed, tapering into a thread

-
Stamens unequal, smooth. Style and stigma 5-furrowed. Fruit of
5 capsular, 2-valved, 1-seeded carpels, girded by calyx.
2605. Pieris. Calyx 5 parted. Corolla tubular or ovate, with a contracted, 5-toothed, revolute mouth. Filaments
dilated, furnished with two bristles at the tip. Anthers with short incumbent cells that open lengthwise. Style
5-cornered. Stigma truncate.
Leaves coriaceous.
Flowers drooping, terminal, racemose.
2606. Pernettya. Corolla globose, with a revolute limb. Anthers with the 2-cells 2-lobed at the tip; the lobes
bifid. Hypogynous scales 10, 3-lobed, surrounding the ovary. Berry with 5 cells, the dehiscence loculicidal.
2607. Limnanthes.
Calyx 5-parted.
Petals 5. Stamens iO.
Nuculae 5.
2608. Chaetogstra. Calyx turbinate, pilose or scaly, 5-lobed. Petals 5.
Filam. 10, glabrous. Anthers oblong,

having connectives drawn out into simple or bifid spur, and sometimes only into 2 blunt tubercles. Ovarium bristly
at apex. Capsules 5-celled.
2609. Ceratoptalum. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent. Petals 5, linearly multifid, permanent or wanting.
of calyx drawn out into membranous deciduous limb, throat dilated. Lobes roundish,
Anthers beaked. Capsule 1-seeded from abortion, dehiscing at apex. Leaves simple or ternate.
2610. Darwinia.
cordate.
Stamens free. Ovarium 1-celled, 1-ovulate.
MONO G PNI.A.
17266
940. EDWA*RDSL*.
5670a chiiensis Miers
Sp: 46.
* u, , or ... ap.my Y
Chilian
Chile
1822. L i
Bot. reg. 1628
Sp. 79.
949. CHOROzEMA.
17267 5703a triangulare Lindl.
three-angled
5704a ovatum Lindl.
ovate-leaved
17269 5704b Henchmnnii R.Br. Henchmann's
17270 - cordatum Lindl.
cordate-leaved
17268
*- u_j or
tr. Lel
- Lispl
n-u_lpr
3
1
2
2
ap
8
my
S
ap.jn S
ap
R
N. Holl. 1830. C s-p Bot reg. 1513

N. Holl. 1830. C. sp. Bot reg. 152*
N. Holi. 1824. C. sp. Bot reg.9%
N. S. W. ...
c s p Bot. regin..."
Sp. 3-5.
950. PODOLO"BIUM.
17271 570.5a staurophyllum Dec. cross-leaved

17272 5705b scndens Dec.
climbing
a humifusum Dec. trailing
pr2 mr
a-u- or 3 ap-jn
*... u_j or 1 ap-jn
N. Holl. 1822. C. pl. Bot reg.9%
Y
Y
N. Holl, 1824. C. s.p

N. Holl. 1823. C s-p
Davearia humifusa Sm.

1737. Bridgonum. A hardy herbaceous
which thrives in any common soil
I':
kept damp, and somewhat."
*readily increased by cuttings of the well ripened shoots, planted in and and and covered with a beil-sa
Oadza I.
ENNEANDRIA MONOGYN1 A.
1169
Class IX. - ENNEANDRIA.
MONOG, PNI.A.
17264. Lvs. obovate obl glabrous above: pilose beneath as well as petioles & branches, Involucre 4-lvd. tomentose
[Peduncle scaniform, involucre many-awd.

1726.5 Lvs. approximate at the base of the stem ovate rounded or cordate at the base cathd. with white wool beneath,
Order 2. DIGYN1A,
sepals
2611. and
Pachynema.
petals 5, butStamens
the petals
soon
off. Filaments broad and thick at base. Ovaries 2
7 or
10,fall
free.
2612. Adnia Limb of calyx with 5 short, teeth. Petals 3,
styles
y
awl-shaped.
styles ending in rather club-sh. 2-lobed stigmas.
Berry crowned by teeth of calyx, somewat 5-celled, many seeded

26 (3. Tellima.
part2-valved
of calyxatinflated,
distinct.
Capsule Free
1-celled,
apex. 5-toothed, the adhering part conical. Petals 5, jagged.
Styles
2-3
yies 7-5,
order 3. TRIG N1A. 10 Stamens. 3 Styles.
2.614. Stigmaphyllum. Calyx 5-parted. 4 of the segments biglandular at the base. Petals unequal. stamens
unequal styles floriaceous at apex. Samar, usually 3, one-seeded, winged at end.
2015. Thrydius. Petals roundish, unguiculate stamens awl-shaped. Caps, triquetrous, separable into 3 parts;
cells opening by outer anxies.
2616 Galeainia. Calyx glandless. Petals unguiculate. Stamens nearly free. Drupe containing 31-seeded nuts
which open on the back.
2617. pentzia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Filaments flattened, tridentate at apex, middle tooth bearing the anther.
Capsule 3-4-celled.
-
Order 5. PENTAGYN1A, 10 stamens. 5 styles.

2618. Echeneria. Cal. 5-parted. Sepals erect, referable to leaves, united at very base, erect, thick, stiffish, thickest
at middle nerve, and nearly 3-gonal at base, acute. Stannens shorter than petals, adnate to them at base. Carpels 5,
ending each in subulate
ed. i
by 101
l
capsule
5-lobed, many-seeded.
p
P. obtuse. Stigma
gm 5-lobed
o
, sessile.
2619. Baubiria.
Calyx 5-leaved,Seed.
involucrated
by 10 lineal bracteas. Petals spreading,
2620. fiscaria. Calyx cylindrical, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculate, scales in the throat. Capsule 5-celled.
MONOG, PN/A.
17266 Lvs. 13-19 elliptic obl. obtuse silky beneath, Upper petal length of the lateral ones, Legume 2-jointed wingless
17267 Lvs. subhastate pinnatifidly spinous, Pedicels with bractea at base
17268 stems weak ascending, Lvs. ovate acute, Peduncles long terminal naked 3-dwd
17269 Plant hoary, Lvs. acicular, Flowers
17270 Lvs. sessile cordate obtuse spiny-toothed, Flowers racemose drooping, Calyx pubescent
'''H
17271 Leaves opposite trifid, Lobes about equal entire spiny at apex, Ovary smooth
17272 Leaves opposite oblong-elliptic quite entire mucronate, Ovary villous
1727. A
sta chorsema. All the species are small shrubs, profusely covered with beautiful flowers; one of the handsomest
is C. henchmannii, which grows freely in sandy Peat.
4 G 4
- -
955. BURTO'NIA.
17273 57.20a confrta Dec.
clustered fluid
- rosmarinifolia Lindl. Rosemary-lvd. * u_j or 2

- cordta Grah.
cordate-leavcd *u-J or 2
- subumbellata Hook. subumbellate
r-L-I or 1
967. MIRBE LIA.
* U.
- speciosa Sieb.
showy
17278 -
- grandiflora B.M.
large-flowered at U or 2 my ji P.o
2601. *972a. CASTANOSPE*RMUM Cun.

- australe Cun.
1830. C. s.p Bot. reg. 1600

1824. C. s.l.p Bot. reg. 1584
1832. C sp.l. Bot. mag. 3443
1831. C s.pl Bot. mag. 3234
1824. C. s.l.p
N. Holl. 1825. C. s.l.p Bot. mag. 2771
southern
# C spl 40
17280 -
- regia Boj.
royal
17281 -
- Gillisii Hook.
Gillies's
2602. *978a. REICHA'RDIA Roth.

- hexaptala Roth
Class X.
(Castamea, chestnut, sperma, seed.)

Legumindsae.
Sp. 1.
* L. fr. 40 ...
Saf.
N. Holl. 1828.
l
Bot. mis. 51, 52
977. POINCIA'NA.
17282 -
or 2
17277 -
17279 -
- -
Sp. 24.
S.W.Aus.
8p. 1647.
ap.jn Y
N. Holl.
ap
O
V. D. L.
ap
O.Y. V. D. L.
Sp. 46.
my.jl P
N. Holl.
at L or 2 jl.s
965. PULTENAE*A.
17275 17276
1190
17274 -
...
spl 10 Jl
Sp. 4-5.
C
Y
'i'.
1828. C. r.m. Bot. mag. 2884

S. Amer. 1829. C. r.m Sw.fl-gar.2.s.311
(J. J. Reichard, a celeb. French botanist.)
six-petaled
2603. *999a. ERIOSTE"MON Sm.

(Erion,
17283 - salicifolius Sm.
Willow-leaved
17284 - cuspidatus Cum.
cuspidate
Leg. Caes. Cass.
Sp. 1.
* D or 10 ...
Y
E. Indies 1824. S. p.l
wool, stemon, stamen; fringed filaments.)
Rutaceae.
*u
Sp. 2.
or 3 apjl
Pk
N. Holl. 1824. C. s. p.1 Lin. tr. 1126
* U or 3 ap.jl
Pk
N. Holl. 1824. C. s.pl Bot. cab. 1247
2004. "999b. PHEBA LIUM Ven.
PHEBALIUM. (Phibalee, a myrtle; appearance.) Rutaceae. Sp. 16.

17285 - squamulsum Ven. squamulose
* L or 24 ap.jl Y
N. Holl. 1821. C s.l.p Ven. mal. 102
#1014. RHODODE'NDRON L.
(Rhodon, a rose, dendron, a tree.)
Ericaceae Rhodoreae.
Sp. 32.
I. PonticuM. Limb of calyx short, 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate. Stamens 10. Ovarium 5-celled.
Leaves coriaceous, evergreen. (Don's Mili. iii.
*
spl 12 my.jn P
Gibraltar
*
spl 4 my.jn P
Armenia
Myrtle-leaved a
or 4? my jn P
Gibraltar
Smiths
*
spl 12?my.jn P.spot hybrid
Low's
*
spl 6?my.jnW.spot hybrid
5923 pnticum L.
B obtusum
myrtifolium
Pontic
obtuse
Smithii
* Lwii
* azaleldes
Azalea-like
*
subv. odortum Lo.C. sweet-sctd a
spl 3 jm.au Pk
spl 3 jn.au Pk
hybrid
hybrid
p. 843.)
1763. L. s.p Bot. mag: 650

1763. L. s.p Den. br. 162
1763. L. s.p Bot. cab. 908
...
L. s.p Sw.fl.gar. 2.*.*
...
...
I s-p
L. s.p Bot. rep. 379
-
1820. L. s.p
Nursery Varieties.
1 album
6
7
8
9
2 angustifolium
3 angustssimum
4 arbutifolium
5 bromeliaefolium
11 flore plno
12 foliis argnteis
bulltum
cassinefolium
caerulscens
contrtum
13 foliis aureis
14 foliis marginatis
10 crispum
largest
*
A album Hort. has pure white flowers
5925 purpreum G. Don purple-fitrd
*
maximum 2 purpureum Ph. in p. 358.
5926 Puirshii G. Don
Pursh's
f
maximum 3 album Ph. in p. 358.
5924 mximum L.
15 frondosum
spl?0 jn.au Pk N. Amer. 1736. L s-p Bot. mag.951

2 hybridum Bot. mag., 3454. has fragrant flowers
spl 25 jm.au
N. Amer.
or 20 jm.au
N. Amer. 1811
...
L. s-p
L s-p
17282:-Q,'
'SS
-
17281
17279
2601. Castanosprmum. The seeds are eaten by the natives about Moreton Bay on all occasions; and
when
roasted, have somewhat the flavour of Spanish chestnuts; and even Europeans, who have subsisted on them for two
#
three days together, have found no bad effects from them when roasted. For culture and propagation, * *
tonia.
977. Poinciana 17282 rgia is a magnificent tree, no less remarkable for its extreme beauty than for its ".
having been found only in Madagascar, near Foul Point, where it is known by the name of Tanahou.
17281 Gilliesii. The flowers of this species have a disagreeable smell, and are considered by the common people o
Chile to be injurious to the sight; hence the vernacular name mal de ozos. The shrub will not grow unless in irrigated
places. (Don's Mill. v. 2. p. 433.)
2602.
propagation
the same
for flowers,
Poincina.
2003. Reschrdia.
Eriostmon. Culture
A genusand
of beautiful
shrubs
with as
pink
which deserve a place in every collection of
-
green-house
shrubs. They
require
the same
treatment
as Phebalium.
2604. Phebalium.
An equal
mixture
of loam
and peat
suits this genus of plants, but care must be taken not to
overwater them, or crowd them amongst other plants. "Cuttings root freely in sand under a bell-glass, without :
1014. Rhododendron. Under this genus, Professor D. Don has included the Azalea, which, however technically
correct, appears to us injudicious in a practical point of view; and though we have followed his arrangement in t"
article, yet we have indicated two sections, containing the Indian or tender, and the Asiatic and American, or hardy,
azaleas,
those
who cultivateSuch
extensive
collections
these
shrubs
they choose,
consider
as constituti's
the genuswhich
Azalea
as heretofore.
persons,
therefore,ofmay
view
the may,
genusifAzalea
as remaining
exactly
as it is in
DER I.
1191
3 Leaves simple crowded Linear subulate with revoluto margins smooth as are branches
45 Heads
many-flwd.
shorter th. glabrous.
cal. Lvs. linear mucron.
withHeads
rerolute
margins pubescent
Lrs. cordate
ovate Bract,
acute
icarious,
terminal
6 Bran,
pilose,
Lvs. mucronate
linear obtuse smoothStipules
both sides.
Heads
termia.
subumbell. many-flwd. Brae,
shorteiner,
setaceous
feathered
7H Pubescent,
Leaves linearLv.
acutlsh
with
revolute
quite
entire
margins.
Spikes
interrupted
terminal
leafy
alternate ovate lanceolate, Flwi. axillary twin
' j 1'he only species
[crenate at marg.
involute
at base
tO11" Unarmed,
Lvs. abruptly
bipfnnate
11-19
pairsPet-'of pinnawhichdenticul.
are 4 In.ciliat
long athorizontally
patent.acinacjf.
Petals glandul.
orblcul.
Lvs.
Petals
glandular
apex,
Legume
"Unarmed,
'
biplnnate,
Leaflets
oblong.
I-seeded dry
2 Cor. 6-petaled, Lrs. abruptly bipinnate prickly as are stems
[Filam.
Mspid
Lvs. obl.-lauceoL
linear lanceo!acute
ent. glauc.
smth. ending
Bran, triquetrous,
Flws. Racemes
axlll. almost
sess. sollt.
Cal. axillary
pets, orhoary
on outside,
H Lvs.
in hooked muero,
umbellate
4-5-flwd.
terminal
15 Lvs. linear lanceol acute scaly beneath, Flws. terminal umbellate. Stamens exserted
3 Lvs. oblong-lanccol. glahr. both surfs, wide lanceol. streak on upper side, Segrns. of cor. ovate, acute, or lane.
Leaves
Leaves small
suhcordate coriaceous obtuse
Leaves
lanceol.
clothedbywith
beneath, Corymbs many-flwd. Ovarium tomeutose 10-called
i Corolla white marked
a fewwhite
dulltomentum
scarlet spots
Nursery Varieties.
2A salicifblium
rseum
21'22 nlvticum
incaraatum
obtsum
23 ovtum
2726 spectibile
1919 Intermedium
kalmt^/jum
24 1
28 violceum
SO macrophyllum
Arborescent, Lvs. ellipt.-oblong acute convex bluntish at base whitish or rusty beneath glabr. Cal. segms.
oval
[obtuse
Arboreous, Lvs. large obi.-elliptic flattish acute bluntish at base glabr. both surfs. Segms. of cor. oblong
&
6 Arborescent,
oblong. Lvs. cunate-lanceol. flat glabr. gradually tapering to base paler ben. Segms. of cor. roundish-
and Miscellaneous i'artutUars.

Hot
tut BrltajutiCHt.1'
{.
Brit. the
vol. Azalea)
ii. p. 1130.)comprises
" Of all thethe most
generahandsome,
n existence,"
G. Don showy
observes,
" Rhnndron"
(under
which
he
Includes
shrubs
for
wig shrubberies or planting singly on lawns." " Though
in Britain these
plants elegant,
are solelyandcultivated
as orna*jQd yet,
in their native
countries,
they areproperties.
not without Thus
their other
uses. " The
hodrc,"
Mr. RoyleR.observes,
in
stimulant,
and
even
deleterious,
Rhododendron
p6ntlcuro,
R.
mximum,
ferrugtR. chrysintiium,
arc poisonous
to cattle
which feed onandthemiedum
; andpalstre
yet, in moderate
doses,diuretic
arc ueed; and
in mee, and
for the
cure of rheumatism,
*c. Aslea
procmbens
are accounted
Pan,
betog
more
stimulant,
is
used
as
a
tea,
under
the
name
of
Labrador
tea,
but
determines
to
the
head.
attoliH
is accounted
poisonous,
and honey
collected
by
beesretreat
from itsof the
flowers
of a deleterious
as is Klthat
tale.*
pntica,
which
was
so injurious
to the
soldiers
in the
Ten isThousand.
In flowers
thenature,
Himalayan
spe
it,i" people,
arborenro
is
more
remarkable
for
Its
use
as
a
timber
tree
than
the
other
species.
The
are
and formed into a jelly by European visiters. The leaves of R. campanultum, being used as a eaten
snuff byby
'n^'a' are imported from Cashmere, under the names of hooias-karmeeree (Cashmere snuff) and frurg-iemployment
in the Unitetl
similar purpose,
of thenotbrown
dust whichintoadheres
thefilghiy
petiolesfra-of
m: and
rhododendrons.
The leaves
(a species
vet Intioduced
Europe)toare
rhododendrons
'States,"offorR.a leptdotum
JJJ of a stimulant i
{UoyU JU. 219.) Culture, propagation, and other particulars, see p. 144. and
1 192
5927 catawbiense Mr. Catawba
or 4 jn.au
Class X.
N. Amer. 1809. L. s.p Bot. mag. 1671
8 Russellianum has flws. of a bt rosy red, approaching to crimson. A splendid var. but somewhat tender
5928 chrysnthum
officinle Sal.
Pall. yellow-flwd.
5929 caucsicum Pall.
Caucasian
*.
or
*.
or
A stramineum Bot. mag. 3422., straw-cliffws.

5930 punctatum Andr. dotted-leaved a
or
8 majus
larger
*
or
5931 ferrugineum L.
8 Album
5932 hirsutum L.
variegatum
-
17286 5932a setosum D. Don

II.
rusty-leaved
white-flund
hairy-leaved
variegated-lvd
bristly
or
or
a
or
it
or
*--J or
* jn.j
Siberia
1796. L s-p Par. lon. 80.
Caucasus 1833. L. s.p Bot. mag. 1145

2 pulchrrimum Bot. reg. 1820. f. 2. most beautiful"
4 jn.au Pk
N. Amer. 1786. L s-p Bot. reg.36
4 jn.au Pk
N. Amer. 1786. L. s.p Bot reg.37
11 myji S
Switzerl. 1752. L. s-p Bot. cab.65
my.jl W
Switzerl. 1752. L. s.p
. It my.jl S
Switzerl. 1656. L s-p Bot. mag. 1853
14 my.jl S
... ......
1800. L. s.p
P
Nepal
1825. L. s.p
l
au
''
LEri'PhERUM D. Don. (Lepis, a scale, phero, to bear; lvs. covered with small scales.)-Limb &
calyx dilated, 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate or rotate. Stamens 10. Ovarium 5-celled. Leaves
membranous s sometimes deciduous, but generally persistent.
17287 5932b lappnicum Wahl.

5933 daricum L.
A atrovirens
Lapland
* - or
Dahurian
*
*
deep-green
or
or
3 mr.my R
2 mr.d
2 mr.d
Lapland 1810. L. s.p

Siberia 1780. L. s.p Bot. mag.636
Siberia
... L sy
P
P
III. CHAMARCI'stos D. Don. (Chamai, on the ground, and cistus, the rock rose;
#. iathemum) Limb
of calyx foliaceous, 5-cleft.
Corolla rotate
lants with the habit

tamens 10. Ovariam
eded.
5934 camtschticum Pall. Kamtschatka 2.

5935 Chamaecistus L.
Ground Cistus 2.
or 2 jl
or
Kamtsch.
4 myjn Pa.P Austria
1802. L. s.l A. b. fig. 940

I786. C s-p Bot. mag. 488
IV. PENTANTHE RA D. Don. (Pente, five, anthera, an anther; flowers pentandrous.) Limb of calyx
short, 5-lobed. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens 5. Ovarium 5-celled. Leaves deciduous.
5936 flvum G. Don
yellow-flowered a
or 6 myjn Y
Turkey 1793. L. s.p Bot. mag. 433
Azlea pntica L.
2 album Lo. C.
3 aurntium Lo. C.
4 croctum Lo. C.
6 flamineum Lo, C.
5 cupreum Lo. C.
7 fulgens Lo. C.
5936a nudiflorum Torr.
naked-fiowered k
or 3 myjn S.pk N. Amer. 1734. L. s.p A. b. fig. 943
9 coloratum Lo. C.
17 flridum Lo. C.
1 Album D. Don
2 album et rubrum Lo, C.
10 conspicuum Lo. C.
18 globosum Lo. C.
[[964
ll crispum Lo. C.
19 Govenianum D. Don. A.b.
3 amoenum Lo. C.
4 blndum Lo. C.
12 cumulum Lo. C.
20 grandiflorum Lo, C.
5 crneum D. Don
6 carolininum Lo. C.
13 discolor Lo. C.
14 eximium D. Don
21 incanum Lo, C.
7 Coburgi Lo. C.
15 fastigiatum Lo. C.
16 flore pleno Lo C.
23 mirbile Lo. C.
24 montanum Lo, C.
8 coccineum D. Don
22 incarnatum Lo. C.
5936b bicolor G. Don two-coloured fund is

or 4 myjn St. N. Amer. 1734.
5936c calendulceum Torr. Marigold-fluid 3.
or 4 myjn O
N. Amer. 1806
Morterii Swt. fl. g. 2. s. 10.
subvar. 1 carneum, with flesh-cld. cor. with
coloured edged with flesh-colour
5936d canscens G. Don canescent
*
or 3 my.jn R
N. Amer. 1812.
5936e viscsum Torr.
clammy
*
or 2 jl.au W
N. Amer. 1734.
2 album
A. Varieties.
4 dealbtum
3 crispum
5 penicillatum
11
12
13
14
15
amoe.'num
actintum
Aurorae
basilissum
calodendron
B. Hybridae altaclernses.
16 calorryphe
17
18
19
20
Cartnium
charissa
coccineum nbile
eudae'mon
L. s.p
L s.p
upper segment orange
L. s.p
L. s.p A. b.f. 947.
-
6 praecox
7 pubscens
21 enprepes
22 Govnium
23 Herbertiffnerms
24 imperatrix
25 inclytum
C. Hybridae blgicae.
35 Agate
37 ambile
38 amarntinum
40
41
42
43
39 amoenssimum
44 calendulceum globsum
36 lbo pleno
rdens
atro-rubens
aurntium mximum
blandinum
45 crdon
46 coccineum mximum
specisum
47 concinnum
48 cordiscans
O = DER I.
- -
- - - - ---
1193
Lvs. short-oval rounded and obtuse at both ends glabr. different colour ben. Cal.
s: elongated oblong
2 tigrinum, much resembles var. 8, but with obvious spots on the inside of the corolla
Lys. acutish attenuated at base obl. glabr. reticulately veined & rusty ben. Fiws & buds cithd. with rusty
toment. Cal hardly any
Lvs. ovate-obl. clthd. with rusty toment. ben rugged & green above, Bracteas elongated toment. Cor. rotate.
* Noblednum Bot. reg. 1820. f. 1. differs from var. 7 in having deep and brilliant rose-coloured flowers
5*30 Leaves oval-lanceol. acute at both ends glabr. beset * rusty resinous dots ben. Segms. of cor. ovate little
a Leaves and flowers larger
[undul. Cal. teeth short
5*31 Leaves oblong atten. at both ends glabr. thickly beset with rusty dots beneath, Cal. segms. dentately ciliated,
Filam. hairy at bottom
(Cal. segms. fringed and bearded
5*32 Leaves ovate-lanceol. or ellipt. acutish ciliat, with rusty hairs on margins, Glabr. ab dotted and hairy ben.
s Leaves edged with yellow
17-86
Branchl,
beset with bristles, Lvs. ov.bristly on margins and under surfs. in long, Cal. segms. rounded
coloured naked crenulated
17227
5-3
[undulat. Stams. 5-8 equal to cor

Procumbent, Lvs. obl. obt, stiff beset with honeycomb-like dots yellowish & scaly ben. Segms. of cor. uneq.
Lvs. obl. atten. at both ends glabr. but sprinkled with rusty scales especially ben, ferrugin. ben. Limb of cal.
5-toothed, Cor. rotate
*34
*>35
'";
Lvs. obov. acutish s-nrvd. naked ciliat. Peduncles hairy

twin, Cal. segms. ciliated foliaceous
Lvs. obl.lanceol. atten at both ends stufish glandularly ciliat. Pedun usually twin. beset with glandul. hairs
as are cals.
50.36
Flws leafy clammy, Lvs. ovate obl pilose ciliated, Corolla funnel-sh. Stamens very long
8 glacicum Lo, C.
10 ochrolencum Lo, C.
12 tricolor Lo, C.
9 ignescens Lo. C.
11 pallidum Lo. C.
50.36 a Lvs. lancl.-obl. nrly smth. ciliat. on margins, Midrib bristly ben, woolly above, Tube of cor. long th: segms.
25 ochrolencum Lo. C.
33 purpreum Lo. C.
41 stamineum Lo, C.
26 pllidum I o. C.
34 roseum Lo, C. A. b. f.945.
42 stellatum Lo, C.
27 pallidosum Lo, C.
35 ruberrimum
43 tricolor Lo, C.
28 papilionceum D. Don
36 rubic (indum
44 varium Lo. C.
29 partitum D. Don
37 rubrum Lo. C.
45 varibile Lo. C.
30 pericly menides Lo. C.
38 rufum Lo. C.
46 versicolor Lo. C.
31 polyndrum D. Don
39 rutilans Lo. C.
47 violaceum Lo, C.
32 purpurascens Lo. C.
40 serotinum Lo, C.
****
Lvs. oblong clothed with fine hoary pubescence on both surfs. Tube of cor. hardly longer than segments
Lvs. oblong pubescent on both surfs, but afterwards hairy, Cal. teeth obl. Tube of cor. hairy short. th: segms.
subvar. 2 prae'stans has pale
dws. tinged with blush
flgida Hook, has orange-red-cla dws.
[rounded obtuse.
5**d Lvs. obov.-obl. downy above tomentose ben. Tube of cor. hardly shorter th: segms. Cal. teeth very short
5:36e Lvs. obl.-obov. acute smooth and green on both surfs. ciliat. Midrib bristly, Flws. clammy leafy hairy, Tube
of cor. as long as segms.
*36c
'i.
8 variegatum
26 jasminodorum
'
27
28 ochroleucum
A. Warieties.
9 vittatum
B. hybrids raised at high Clere.

30 pnticum Howard.
hexaplum
31 pulchllum
10 /lolae odbrae
32 regale
33 rugens
34 thyrsiflorum
29 poikilum
49 crceum
globosum
50 cruenturn
51 cupreum
rubrum
C. Hybrids raised in Belgium.

cp. splndens
52
53
54
55
decortum
decus hortrum
dulcdo
electum
elc. mximum
rubrum
56 elegantsimum
57 exquisitum
58 Ferrckii
\-
17291
&
1194
59 flamboyante
60 falgidum
glor. mtin. mxima
69 martimum incarntum
70 minitum
71 mirbile
minor
insigne
63 Gulilmus primus
64 hybridum cocciferum
novum
superbum
72 mixtum trimphans
73 Mortrii
74 ne plus ultra
coccineum
niveum
65 incarnatum mximum
rubrum
album
legans
exinium
., globosum
75 nbile
76 nritas antillscens
77 norittum
66 1pidum
61 foilvum
67 luteum rubicandum
62 gloria mndi
68 magnificum
CLAss X.
78 6ptimum
79 ornatum pallidum
5936f glaicum G. Don
glaucous-leaved sh
or 2 jn
N. Amer. 1734. L. s.p Den. br. 15
#
idum Torr.
59
nitidum Torr.
hispid
shining-lvd
sk
*
or 15 jn
or 4 jl
W
W
N. Amer. 1734. L. s.p Den. br. 6

N. Amer. 1812. C 1.p Bot. reg. 414
*
*
or 4 my.jn S
or 10 jl
R
17288 5236i speciosum G. Don showy

17289 5936k arborscens Torr.
arborescent
N. Amer. ... L. p.1 Den.br. 116

N. Amer. 1818. L. s.p.
V. Rhodo"RA D. Don. (Rhodon, a rose; colour of flvs.) Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla bilabiate,
#.
lip broadest,
eaves deciduous.
and 2-3-cloft, lower one bidentate.
5936! Rhodora G. Don

Rhodora
Rhodora canadnsis L.
VI. Boo'RAM.
-*
or 2 ap.my P
Stamens 10.
Capsule 5-celled, 5-tairca
N. Amer. 1767. L. p.1 Bot. mag.'474
(Name of R. arboreum in Nepal.) Limb of calyx. 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate.
Evergreen trees.
tree
* - spl 20 ap.my S
Nepal
1820. L. s.p Bot. reg 896
1 sanguineum Bot. reg. 890.
2 roseum
g. 2. s. 382., Bot. reg. 1240.
3. niveum Swt.
17290 59.36m campanulatum D. Don campanulate a L or 4 ap.my Pa.Pk Nepal
1825. L. s.p A. b.f. 953.
5936marbbreum Sm.
VII. PogoNANTHUM. (Pogon, a beard, and anthos, a flower; throat woolly inside.) Limb of cal:
short, 5-lobed. Corolla salver-sh. with cylindrical tube, and a spreading limb. Stamens 5, enclosed.
Ovarium 5-celled. Evergreen. Leavescoriaceous.
17291 59360 anthopgon D. Don bearded-flu'd ra. - or 1 ap.my P
Nepal
1820. L s-p A. b.f. 954
VIII. TsUTsUrsi D. Don. (Chinese name of Azlea indica.)Limb of calyx foliaceous, 5-cloft. Coralia
campanulate. Stamens 5-10. Ovarium 5-celled. Evergreen. Leaves membranous, hispid Jr.'"
hairs. Indian azaleas of British gardens.
5936p indicum Swt.
Indian
*u-J or 4 mr.my S
2 phoeniceum Swt.fi.g. 2. s. 128
2605. *1016.a. PI'ERISD. Don.

17293 17294
- ovalifolia D. Don
6 ignscens Swt.
* LJ or 3 my
PIERIs.
1808. C. p.1 Bot. mag. 1480

8 lteum Swt.
9 spathulatum Blum.
10 grandiflorum Blum.
China
1823. L. s.p Bot. cab.885
2 macrnthum Don's Mill. 3. p. 846
7 aurantiacum G. Don
Y
(Pieris, a general appellation of the Muses.)

? u_j or 20 my
oval-leaved
Nepal
Ericaceae. Sp. 1.
1825. C. s.p A. b.f.913
Sp. 24.
1018. GAULTHE"R.I.A.
5963a Shallon Ph.
Shallon
or 4 my
N. Amer. 1826. L s-p A. b.f. 926
WP: 10-16.
1019. A'RBUTUS.
17295 5965a procra Dou.

tall
* - J or 15? my
17296 5965b tomentosa Ph. woolly bran. & pet. * D or 4?mr
2606. 1019.a. PERNETTYA Gaud.
China
5 pulchrum Swt.fi. g. 2. s. 117
3 flore pleno Bot. mag. 2509

4 ledifolium Bot. mag. 2901
17292 59367 sinnse Swt.
Chinese
A flavscens Swt.ft. g. 290.
Gsh.W. N.W.Am. 1827. L
Bot reg. 17:
California 1826. L plBot. mag. 3320
(Dom Pernetty, author of a voy, to Falkland Isles.) Ericaceae. Sp:,
- mucronata Gaud,
mucronate
rt-u- or 6?my.jl W
Magellan 1828. L. p. Bot reg. 1675
Arbutus mucronata L.fi/. Bot. mag. 3093.
- pilosa G. Don
pilose
*...
cu
my
W
Mexico 1829.?L 1.p. Bot-mag. 3177
Arbutus pilosa Grah.
2607. -1026a. LIMNA*NTHES R. Br.
(Limne, lake, anthos, flower; habitat.)
Limnanthese,
Sp. 1
*7299 - Douglasii R. Br.
Douglas's
-k Ofra 1 aut
Y.w California1833. S. m.s. Bot, reg. 1673
17297 -
17298 -
2005. Pieris. Plants with the habit of, and requiring the same treatment as, those of Andromeda.
2606.
Pernettya.
Propagation, culture, &c., as for arbutus.
|
-
Dar. Ea I.
so picturtum
81 pnticum globbsum
knink
tricolor var.
s?
ss
*4
85
86
praestantssimum
pulchllum
puniceum
rcqui
regina blgica
87 restantissimum
11.95
98 splndidum
99 sulphureum
100 superbum
89 robstum
90 rubrum aurantium
flvum
91 rubricatum
92 sanguineum
93 Saturns
94 severum
101 tricolor Jacbbi

Wolff
102 trimphans
103 variegatum
95 speciosum
96 speciosissimum
97 splendens
104 venuatum
105 venustissimum
106 versicolor
88 rigidum incarnatum
*if Branchl; hispid. Lvs. obl.lanceol. acute glabr. on both surfs. glauc. ben, ciliated, Midrib bristly, Tube of cor.
twice long th: segms.
:
*
cor... wide scarcely long. th: segms.
Branches straight very hispid, Lvs. long-lanceol. hispid ab. smooth ben, ciliated, Nerves bristly ben, tube of
Bran smoothish, Lvs. obl.lanceol. rather mucron. coriac. smooth on both surfs. shining ab. Margins revolute
ciliat. Tube of cor. little long th segms.
172* Bran. hairy, Lvs. lanceol. ciliated acute both ends, Cor, silky with obtuse ciliated lanceol. undulated segms.
i Tz->
": obovate rather obtuse smooth on both surfs. glauc. ben. ciliated, Midrib almost smooth, Tube of cor. longer
- segms.
*36. Lvs. oval quite entire pubesc. & glauc-ben. Flws. in termin.clusters or racemose umbels protruded before lvs.
[curled margins
* Lvs. lanceol. acute silvery ben tapering to base, Pedunc., & cals, woolly, segms. of cor 2-lobed with crenul.
4 cinnamomeum
5 vendistum Sw.fi g 2. s. 285.
172*O Lvs ellipt.-obl. mucron. rusty ben. rather cordate at base, Segms. of cor. flat emarginate, Ovarium 6-celled
glabr.
*7291 Branchl. downy, Lvs. oval rusty ben. from lepidoted toment. ending in reflexed mucro, Cor. with woolly throat
[obtuse ciliated spreading

5936p Bran. strigose, Lvs. cuneate-lanceol. finely crenulat. strigose atten. at both ends, Cal. teeth long-lanceol.
11 angustifolium Blum.
13 Danielsidnum Pax. mag.
15 variegatum Blum.
12 florihndum Blum.
14 lateritium Bot. reg. 1700
16 speciosum D. Don
1729& Lvs. ellipt. acutish pilosely pubesc, feather-nrvd. ciliated canesc. beneath subevergreen, Cor. downy, Stams. eq.
to limb of cor.
seems, ovate & acute
172*3 Lvs. oval. acumin. 2-4 in. long 1-2 in. broad rounded at base entire, Racemes lengthened leafy many-dwd. Cal.
[secund bracteate cithd. with rusty down
17294 Procumbent. Stems hairy, Leaves ovate subcordate serrated glabr. on both surfs. abruptly acumin. Racemes
17295 Lvs. obl. serrated or entire glabrous, Racemes terminal panicled secund
17296 Whole plant except flws. downy while young, Bran. hispid, Lvs. ov. acute subcord. at base clthd. with white
toment. ben. Midrib hispid
to leaves
17297 Lvs. ovate cuspid. denticul, serrulate stiff shining on both surfs. Pedicels axill. bracteate about eq. # length
17298 Stem pilose procumb. Lvs. ov.-elliptic ciliately serrulated coriac. without mucro & callous at point, Cor. ovate
* with blunt revolute teeth
[lfits, with odd one, Pedun. axill. 1-flwd.
17299 Glabr, much bran, especially nr. base decumb. Lvs. altern. on long pet pinnated 1-3 pairs of obl. or lanceol.
17304
L"44thes. A sweet-scented ornamental annual, requiring to be sown or planted in a damp border.
FI ItST ADDITIONAL SUPPLEMENT.
1196
Class X.
2608. *1029.a. CHAETOGA*STRA Dec, Chetcoast RA. (Chaite, hair, gaster, belly; ovary.) Melastom. Sp. 22
- lanceolata Dec.
lanceolate-lvd
[O] prl ja
W
Trinidad 1820. S. p. Bot mag. 2-35
- grcilis Hook.
slender
UCI prl jn
R.Li Brazil
1834. S. p.l Bot. mag. 3481
17300 -
17301 -
2009. *1034a. CERATOPE"TALUMSm. CERAToPETALUM. (Keras, a horn, petalon, a petal.) Cunoniaceae. Sp. 1.
17302 -
- gummiferum Sm.
gum-bearing
2610. *1034b. DARWINIA Rud.

17303 -
- fasciculata Rud.
r u J or 50
...
N. Holl. 1820. C. p.l Sm. n. h. 3.3.
(Dr. Darwin, author of the Botanic Garden, a poem.)
* L or 29 my.jl
fascicled
...
Rhmnce.
Sp. 12.
N. Holl. 1820. C s-p-l Lin. tr. 11.2
IDIG PNI.A.
2611. *1037a. PACHYNETMA R. Br. (Pachys, thick nema, a filament; stamens.) Dilleniaceae.
Sp. 1.
17304 - - complanatum R.Br. flat-branched a u_! or 1: ...
...
N. Holl. 1825. C. s.l Delets. 1.73
2612. *1039a. ADA*MIA Wal.
(Dr. J. Adam, of Calcutta.)
17305 - cynea Wal.
blue-berried
* L J or 4 Pk
Caprifoliaceae &
...
Nepal
1829.
Sp.l.
1.p.s. Bot. mag. 3045
2613. *1043a. TE'LLIMA R. Br. TELLIMA. (Anagram of Mitella; separated from it.) Sarifrigee. Sp 1.
17306 -
- grandiflora Dou.
1045. SAPONA"R.I.A.
6132a cerastildes Fis.
61320 calbrica Guss.
17307
17308
great-flowered e A cu
l ap.my Pk
Cerastium-like
Calabrian
O pri jn.s
O or 4 au.s
aggregate
w:
double-flowered to
igantic
r
tosemary
y:
O)
a
a
A
Pk
R.
1046. DIA*NTHUS.
17309
6140a aggregtus Poir.

S flre plno
17310 61.45a gigantus Urv.
1731I 6194a Libantis Lab.
N. Amer. 1826. D. s.p Bot. reg. 1178

Sp. 813.
Russia?
1833. Sco
Calabria 1830.
Sp. 63103.
.........
1817.
gardens ?1832.
Greece
1824.
or 1 jn.jl
P
or 1 jn.au C
or 3 jl.au P
or 4 au
W.spt Mt. Leb. 1830.
Sco
Sw.f.g. 2. s.73
S. s.1
C. r.l
S co
Sw.fl. gar. 288
C 1.p
Bot. reg. 15.4
TRIG P.N.I.A.
''.. . reg.
Sp.l-',
169
2614. *1055a. STIGMAPHY"LLUM Hit. (Stigma, stigma, phyllon, leaf; stigma foliaceous.)
17312 - aristtum Lindl.
awned-leafed s CD or 20 jn.au Y
Brazil
1832? C. p.s.l
2615. *1055b. THRYA'LLIS L. The YALLis. (Greek name for a plant of the Mullein kind.) Malpighiaceae. Sp. 1.
- brachystachys Lindl. short-spiked *- T. el 10 s.o
Y
Rio Jan. 1823. C p.s. Bot. reg. 1162
17313 -
2616. *1055c. GALPH1MIA Cav. G.Alphimi A.

17314 - glauca Cav.
glaucous
*
2617. *
17315 -
(An anagram of Malpighia.)

- or 8 ...
Y
Mexico
Malpighidceae. Sp. 1-2.

1829. C 1.p Cav. ic 5. 489
DEU'TZIA Thun. DEUTziA. (John Deutz, sheriff of Amsterdam; a bot. patron.) Philadelpher. Spl.
- scabra Thun.
rough-leaved
or 6 my
Japan
1833. C co
Bot. reg. 1718
PENTAG PN/A.
2318 *1060a. ECHEVE"RIA Dec. EchevERIA. (Echeveri, a botanical draughtsman.) Crassulacer. Sp. 26.
17316 - grandifolia Haw.
great-leaved
re-u J or 2 o
O
Mexico 1828. C. s. Sw: fl. gar. #2
- gibbiflora Dec.
gibbous-flwd
r".
or 2 jl.o
Nos. 6410. & 6414. are also referable to this genus.
17317 -
Y.Pk Mexico
17218 -
. Ewersii Led.
17319 17320 -
- Siebldn
- caerleum
17321
17322
1826. C s.l.
Bot. reg. 1247
sp. 44-76.
1061. SENDUM.
Ewer's
Siebold's
* A or
1065. OXALIS.
6464a crenta Jac.
6469a Simsin Swt.
jl.au Ro
Siberia
#, a or 1. jn.au B
blue-flowered
A or * ......
Japan
notched-petla
: Laj esc 3 s
Sims's
y: UN or ; ap-jn C
Tunis
1829.C.D.s.l.ruBot gard. 518

1836. C l.ru
1822. C. s.l.ru Bot. reg.
#ima
87-121.
1829.
Chile
C. s.1
1822. O s.p
Sw, flig.2 s.1%

Bot. mag.2415
rosea of Bot. mag., not of others.
--
-)
y 17307
2608. Chartogastra. The species require a mixture of loam. peat, and sand; and young cuttings root readily in
heat, under a hand-glass.
pealem. A mixture of peat and loam suits this plant, and ripened cuttings root readily in sand, und"
a hand-glass.
2610.
Darwinia.
Singular plants, requiring to be grown in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and young cutting"
readily
in sand, under a hand-glass.
This shrub thrives well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand, under
root
# k wnema.
a hand-glass.
2612. Addma. This shrub requires a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and cuttings root readily in the same kin'
of soil, under a hand-glass. It is called Bansook by the natives.
Oan Ex I.
MONOGYN IA PENTAGYN1A.
1197
[nrvd villous both surfs. Pedun trichot.

Stem somewh-4-gonal clothed with adpressed villi, Lvs. petiol. broad lanceol. acumin serrulately ciliated 5
Erect nearly simple, Stern A-gonally terete villous, Lvs. almost sess. lanceol. lin. acute quite ent 3-5-nry.
villous, Pedic axill. 1-dwd.
1-xx-> Leaves ternate, Flowers with petals
17-0
73-1
Leaves acerose, Receptacle chaffy, Style 3 times length of flowers, Calyx red
d.16, h"N/A.
|T-30
A little leafless shrub with the habit of Ephedra. The only species
17305
The only species
17~06.
Lvs. cordate lobed dentately serrated, Racemes elongated, Petals oblong-linear pinnatifidly jagged
17307
173
Lvs. ovate acute serrat. pilose, Racernes termin. tornentose rather compound at the base, Flws usually trigynous
Stem erect dichotom. branched, Lvs. obovate spatulate nriy, sinth. ciliat. on margins, Flws. axill. solitary
1730s
Fiws aggreg. sess. Cal. scales broad mucronate with membranaceous margins longer than tube, Lvs. lanceol.
many-nerved
[lin. very long connate at base
17310
173.11
Fiws numerous sess in hemispherical heads leafy bracts at base, Cal. scales ov. acumin pressed to cal. Lvs.
Stem erect, Flws. rather aggregate, Calycine scales 6 acuminated divaricating shorter than tube, Petals mul
tifid bearded, Lvs. lanceol.
Tn I.G, PN/A.
1731s
Lvs. glabr. sagittately hastate angular acute, Hind lobes truncate margined horned, Petiole biglandular at apex
17313.
Lvs. ovate lanceol. glauc. green above white ben. Racemes short panicled, Petioles biglandul. at apex
17314
Lvs. ovate obtuse smooth glaucous beneath 1 tooth on each side at base. Petioles without slands
17315
Lvs. ovate acute sharply serrated pilose, Rac. terminal tomentose, Flowers usually trigynous
PENTAG. P.N.I.A.
17-16
17317
Lvs. orbicularly cuneated, Petiole thick, Flws. in spicate panicles

Lvs. flat cuneiform acutely mucron. crowded at tops of branches, Pedic spreads. Flws. on short pedic, along
bran. of pauicle
[compound. Petals lanceol. acute little long the stams
17318
17310
17320
Lvs. oppos. obsoletely denticul, adnate: inferior ones broadly ellipt, superior sess. cord. Corymbs termin.
Lvs. opposite orbiculate denticulate
*obtuse
stem dat on ground at base ascending, Lvs. obl, altern, obt, loosened at base, Cymes bifid glabrous. etals 7
17321
1732->
stem erect leafy, Pedun. umbelliferous 5-6-flwd longer than 1vs. Leaflets obovate, Petals crenated
Stem erect branched, Pedun. long, Flws. subumbellate drooping before expansion, Leaflets 3 obcordate sessile

2614.
Stigmaphyllum. A handsome climber, propagated by cuttings.
2615.
Thrydius. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this plant, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under
a hand-glass, in heat.
2616. Galphinia. A genus of rather handsome shrubs, requiring the same treatment as Thryallis.
2617. Deutzia. A very showy free-flowering shrub, which deserves a place in every collection.
is readily pro
pagated
cuttings
usedadapted.
wooditiswell
by the cabinetmakers in JItapan
aki
their
verybyfinest
hardness to
pegs,orforlayers.
which itsAccording
toughnessthe
render
andKaempfer,
for making
*18.
Echerria. Culture, propagation, &c., see Crssula, in p. 230.
1065. O'ralis 17321 cremata. The tubers of this plant are produced in considerable
and are often 2 in.
-
"'
long and 1 in in diameter. When raw, they are slightly subacid, but on being boiled t hey lose itt entirely, and taste
1198
17323 6469b rbsea Jac.
s uml pr? mr.jn Ro
rosy
floribinda Rot reg. : not of Lehman or of Sweet.

fulgid
8 LA pr. ; sin
17325 6480a cprea B.C.
ela ual pr?" ap.jn
17324
6478a fulgida B. R.
17326 6482a tortubsa Lindl.

17327 6482b mauritiana B. C.
17328 648.2c punctata B. M.

17329 6492d bipunctata Grah.
17330 6482e Dppei B.C.
17331 6482f floribunda Leh.
* L or
twisted
Mauritian
dotted
* jn.au
Chile
1826. O s-p
C.G.H.
1820. Os.p
Cop
C.G. H.
Y
Chile
Pa. Ro Maurit.
& LA or 3 s.o
* A or tap.jn P
* Lal pri ap.jn Li
2-spotted
Deppe's
t; AJ el + mr.n
many-flowered & AJ or 3 ap.s
17332 6488a Commersonii Pers. Commerson's
5 Lal pr. 3 on
17333
d a pr
6524a Darwalliana Westc Darwalls
Class XI.
C.G. H.
Brazil
Cop.RMexico
Ro
Brazil
Y
Pa.C.
Brazil
.....
-
1822. O
1825. C. s.
1810. O s-p
...
#f
1825. O s.l.
1827. Q
1829. O s.
Bot. mag. 2830

Bot. reg. 1073
Bot. cab. 824
Bot. reg. 1249

Bot. cab. 1780
Bot. reg. 2781
Bot. mag. 2781
Sw.fl.gar.2.s.96
Sw.fl.gar.2.s.54
Os.p
...
-AJ prl's au.s Go Chile

1831. S s.l.
Bot. reg. 1545
17335 - divrgens Benth. diverging
A or #" jn.s W
Mexico 1829. Op. Bot. reg. 1620
2619. *1065a. BALBI's IA Cav. (John Baptist Balbis, a botanical author.) Ficoideae D.Don, orander Dec. # 1.
17334 -
- Cumngii Herb.
Cuming's
- peduncularis D. Donlong-pedunc.
n. LJ or 1 au
Y
Chile
1825. C. s.l. Bot, reg. 1392
ocrpon pedunculare Lindl., Bot. reg. 1392; Cruickshanksia cistiflora Hook., Bot mis-90.
1066. AGROSTE*MMA.
Sp. 7-.
17337,6537z Bungedna D. Don Bunge's
Sy A or 13.jl
s
As. Rus. 1834. C. Dr.lt Swift-gar.2s217
Lychnis Bungena Hort.
17.338 - pyrenaica G. Don Pyrenean
* A pri.jn.jl Pa. RoPyrenees 1819. D. p.1 Swifl-gar.
17339 - sucica Maund
Swedish
r: A prs jns
Pk
Sweden 1824. D. co Bot-gar. 576
17336 -
2620. * 1066a. VISCA"RIA Roehler. Rock Lychnis. (Wiscus, birdlime; stems glutinous.) Caryophylleae. Sp.3.
- neglcta G. Don
neglected
* A or a my-jl W
......
1807. D co
Lychnis Viscaria albiflora Hort.
17340 -
Page 392.
Class XI. DODECANDRIA. 12 STAMENs.

Order 1. MONOGYNIA.
12 Stamens, 1 Style.
2621. Calandrinia. Calyx 2-parted. Petals 3-5, free or rather connate at base. Stamens, 4-15. Style very short
tripartite at the apex. Lobes clavate. Capsule oblong-elliptic, 3-valved.
Seeds wingless.
MONOGPNIA.
Sp. 1014.
1001. PORTULA"C.A.
17341 6618a grandiflora Hook,

17342 -
- Gillisii Hook.
great-flowered & La or 3.jn.jl

n. LA or 4.jnji
Gillies's
Y. P. Chile
1827. S. s.l.
R.P. Mendoza 1827. C. s.l.
Bot-mag. **
Bot-mag. 5-64
2621, -1092.a. CALANDRI*NIA. H. & B. (J. L. Calandrini, a Genoese botanist.) Portulaceae. Sp. 6-10.
17343 - grandiflora Lindl.
great-flowered we L-J or 1 jn.jl
P
Chile
1826. C.Sp. Bot reg. 1184
17344 - speciosa Lindl.
showy
3 O spl.: myo D.P. N. Califor-1831. S. s.l. Bot-reg 1
17345 - discolor Schr.
two-cli-fluid "... u_j or 13 il.au Bt. Ro Chile
1834. C.S. s.l. Bot-mag. *
17340 -
- arenaria Lindl.
sand-inhabiting-k. A cu
jl
O.ro Valpar.
1831. S. s.l.
Bot, reg. 16.0%
No. 6624. in p. 396, is also referable to this genus.
17336
History, Use, Propagation, Culture

t
very much like the potato, for which they might form occasionally an agreeable substitute." table. It is a nati"
of is cultivated abundantly in the gardens about Lima, as a salad, for which purpose its
and acid flavour, seem strongly to recommend it. It grows freely in the open border, and is readily |
tings, as well as by the tubers, which require to be taken up and treated as potatoes. (Sw., F. Gar, 2. "...# it kept
2.519. Baibisia. A showy conservatory plant, which may be increased by cuttings, but is apt to damp offs
in health, it is very handsome.
IV.
DECANDRIA PENTAYNIA.
1199
mrenatcd
erect atflesh?
leafy,
1'edun.
bifid
corymbosely
racem.
at
apex
4
times
longer
th.
ord.
Petals
apex
[veryStyles
long
miry decumb.
bran. Leaflts.
Hd. seu.
acute, before
Pedun.expansion,
much hicher
than3 obcordate
1rs. Bract approaching cal.
nearlyscaly,
stemless.
Scapelin.1-flwd.
drooping
Leaflets
mmless,
fleshy
Leaflts
obt.
pilose
beneath,
Flws.
umbellate.
Pedicels
and
petioles
twisted
fleshy
Scapesroundish
2-3-flwd.obcurd.
Leaflts.bright
3 obcordate
[Ivsbeneath,
with 2 bracts
middle
mless,
Lflts
purple ben.
and dotted
withScape
shiningcompress,
golden dots
Scapes ab.
longer
th.
mtess,
Lflts.
3
sess.
broadly
obcord.
pubesc.
smth.
ab.
paniculately
many-flwd.
Petals
runcate
eren. Lflts. 4 large obeord. pilose glauc. hen. on short pilose petioles, Umbels many-flwd.
lbberous,
large uneq.
scaly
eternices,
Lflts.
3 roundish-obov. deeply emarginate hairy leprous ben. on margins. Scape many-flwd. [middle
Fllam.
nd very
stylesshort
bearded
leafy, Flowers
Lflts. G ovate
clothed with close-pressed villi. Scapes longer than Its. with 3 bracts in
mm very
short leafy,
pale crimson
mless
fleshy,
LeafletsLflts.
3 obcordate
3 5-flwd.
CalyxSepals
ciliated
smooth,
3 cunateciliated
2-lobeu,pubesc.
LobesScape
diverging,
Scapebifurcate,
many flwd.
ovate
i. usually alternate with linear pilose segms. Peduncles much longer than 1rs.
i. ovate and lanceolate pubescent. Flowers solitary, Petals c*it[Ivs. Bpatul. on long footst. Stem lvs. cord. sees,
mi
tuftedchannelled.
diffuse, Flws.
dichotom.
1-flwr.
In each
i. linear
StemInones
oppositebundles
subulate.
Petals
jaggedfork on long peduncles, Lvs. leathery, Radie,
tni not clammy, Petals entire, Lvs. lanceol. linear ciliated at base
Order3. TRIGYN'IA. 12 Stamens. 3 Styles.

Involucrum
I -I vd, androgynous,
appendiculate
outside,
nectariferous.
, :w*eu : male
ones monandrous,
in two rowsft-celled
; femaleat base,
ones solitary.
Germen
3-lobed.
Lot " '
Ordert!. DODRCAGYNIA. 12 Stamens. 12 Styles.
cphatbtia.
Calyx Chenia
coloured,1-secded.
6-cleft. Stamens 12. Anthers didymous, glandular on the back. Ovaries 6,
Styles terminal.
MONOGTNIA.
[by whorl oftermin.
lvs. andcrowd
crnwoed
hairs,
nn diffuse
bran.,
Lvs.
scattered
cvlindr.
acute with pilose axils, Flws. 3-4-together
surround,
erectishFlws.
bran,termin.
at base,usually
Lvs. o'bl
pressed,
sollt.-cyllndr. rather compressed obtuse dotted axillary fascic. or hairs erect
,
Lvs. fleshy
acuteelongat.
petiolate.t base,
Raceme
simple
loose. Pedicels
Calyx spotted.
Petals very
obcordate.
>rous
diffuse,
Lvs. rhomboid
spatul.elongat.
acute
Flws.
andbending,
bracteas
short drooping
obovate-obtuse
Into petiole
lomew.
d racemose.
ecolourvd ben.,
.[bose,
thelittlepedicel
erfleshv
the
falling
of
the
petals
Pedic.
brae
Stems nutner. prostrate leafy, Lvs. linear, Common pedunc. termin. naked simple or bran.,long.
Rae.th.corjm
Culture
as inoftheornamental
common catchUy.
nnnia.
A genus
succulent plants,
generally
treated
they
nev
may
be
preserved
In
green-house
through
the places.
winter,
andatInannuals,
time, soalthough
treated, C.property
granuifl.lra
nibby. They require to betheplanted
in hot dry
exposed
4 II
1200
Class XI.
t"RIG PNI.A.
1103. EUPHo-RBIA.
17347 67033 splndens Roy.
shining
Sp. 139-223.
Bojer's
* Dam spl 4 jn.s

* D spl 4 n.f
Ap
Ap
# France
17348 6703b Bjeri Hook.

17349 -
fulgent
* D spl 4 jl.s
Ap
Mexico
- flgens Karw.
1826. C p.1
Madagas. ...... C. p.l.
Bot. mag. 2002

Bot. mag. 35.7
1836. C s-p
Pax.mag. 4.31
- rigida Bieb.
rigid
* - Irk
myjn Ap S. Europe 1829. Dru
biglandulsa Desf.
2622. *110.3a. POINSETTIA Gra. PoinsETriA. (M. Poinsette, a Mexican traveller.)
17351 - pulchrrima Gra. fairest
*
spl 4 ja.mr Ap
Mexico 1834.
s.l.
A lbida Hensl.
white-bracted *
or 4 d
Ap
Mexico 1834. C. s.l.
Bot. reg. n.s. is
ra Hort.
17350.
*##":
Sp. 1-1.
Bot. mag. 3493
Botanist, 70
HEXAG P.N.I.A.
2623. *1109a, CEPHALOTUS Lab., (Kephale, head, ous, ear; glandular-headed stam.) Roscce. Sp. 11.
- folliculris Lab.
follicled
* LA1 cu 1 ......
17352.
N. Holl. 1822. S bog
Lab. n.h.2.145
P. 408. Class XII. -ICOSANDRIA. STAMENs many, perigynous, or inserted into the Calyx.
Order 1. MONOGYNIA. Many perigynous Stamens, 1 style.
2624. Melocctus. Tube of calyx adhering to ovarium. Lobes 5-6, petaloid, crowning the young fruit. Petals
5-6, united into a long tube along with the sepals. Stamens disposed in many series. Stigma 5-rayed. Fruit smooth.
2626. Echinocactus. Sepals numerous, imbricate, adhering to the ovarium; outer ones in the form of an involu
".
crum; inner ones

Style multifid at the apex, very scaly from the remains of the sepals.
2626. Mammillaria. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium. Lobes 5-6, coloured, crowning the young fruit
-
Petals 5-6, hardly distinguishable from the sepals. Scamens disposed in many series. Stigmas 5-7-cleft, very smooth.
2627.
Cereus.
Sepals numerous, imbricate, adhering to the base of the ovarium, united into an elevated tube.
Outer sepals like a calyx; middle ones longer and coloured; innermost ones petaloid. Style multifid at the apex.
Berry areolate, tubercular, or scaly.
Epiphyllum. Tube of calyx long, furnished with remote scale. Limb of cor multifid, rosaceous, or
ngent.
a:
2029. Opuntia. Sepals numerous, foliaceous, adnate to the ovarium; upper ones flat and short; inner ones
petaloid. Stigmas numerous, erect. Berry oval, umbilicate, tubercled, or spiny
MONOG, PNI.A.
2624. *1111a. MELOCA'CTUS C. Bauh. MElon Thistle. (Melo, melon, cactus, shape.) Cactaceae. Sp.26.
+6848 communis L., & O. common
* - gr
jl.au R
W. Indies 1688. O s-p Plant-grasslls
Cactus Melocctus, No. 6848. in p.410; No.
. . is also referable to this genus.
2625. *1111b, ECHINOCA CTU.S. L. & O.

17353 17354
17355
17356
17357
(Echinos, the sea urchin, cactus, spiny.) Cactaceae. Sp-9-32.

n- D fra 1 va.sea. W.Y. Mexico 1829. O s-p Bot-reg. 1707
- mammillarildes Hook: Mammil-lk. *-D gr 3. ...... Y.a Chile
1836. Os-p Bot-mag.:*
- Eyriesii Otto
Eyries's
- Mackiedna Hook.
Mackie's
gr . ......
gr 1 ......
gr: .......
Y.w Chile
Pa-Ro Brazil
1836. O =
Bot mag. 35.
1831. C. s.
Bot region.
Mexico 1836. 0s.p. Bot-mag."
Nos. 6841. 6844.6150. & 6852, in p. 410. are also referable to this genus.
2626. *1111.c., MAMMILLA'RIA Haw. MAMMILLAR1A (Mamma, the nipple; tubercles.) Cactaceae. Sp-s
17358 17359 17360-
- oxygona Lk. & O.
sharp-angled
*.
-tubiflora Hort.
tube-flowered
pretty
* = gr
* = gr
* -lgr
- pulchra Haw.
- tenuis Dec.
- atrta Hort.
slender
*
dark green
jn
my
.....
Ro
Pa.Y. ......
1826. Oru
1830. Oru
Bot reg. 13
Bot-reg. 1523
Pk
...... O s-p
Bot-mag. 364
......
n:
*tia. Nothing can be more ornamental in the stove. The rose-like whorls of bracter which term:
# large plants cultivated at Philadelphia as much as 20 in. :
colour
O-
''
*scus
(Bot. Mag.
cuttings root readily -->
in sand under
a Rsa sinensis.
''
ag.)
plant
A mixture of sand and loam su its this plant,
Oaben III.
1201
TRIO, PNia.
[scarlet roundish united and concave at base
:7347 Much bran. Clthd. with numer, long and strong straight spines, Lvs. oblongo.-spathul. mucron, Brac. large
1734 Stem obtusely and irregul. angul: smth. pale gray-cid. Lvs. coriac. on short petioles obov-obl. retuse with
mucro each if situat. betw. 2 strong spines, Brac. brick scarlet
17343 Glabrous, Lvs. lanceol acum. entire uppermost ones reddish, Peduncles axillary racemose few flowered
17350
s:
Lvs. stiff obov. acute glaucous, Umbel multifid, Bracteas roundish cordate, Segms of involucre
g
ular

hEx.M.G. P.N.I.A.
- -
- -
2630. Perssia. Sepals numerous, foliaceous, adnate to the ovarium. Cor. rotate. Stigmas aggregate, spiral.
Berry globose or ovate.
26.31. Purshia. Lobes of calyx obovate, obtuse.
Petals and starnens arising from the calyx.
Stamens about 20.
Carpels 1-2, ovate-oblong, tapered into a short style, pubescent; each includes 1 ovule inserted into its base, and
opens by a longitudinal cleft.
2632.
cow ania. Cal. 5-cleft. Petals 5. Ovaries 5-14. Ovule erect. Styles terminal, continuous. Achenia awned
with the plumose persistent styles. Embryo erect

order 2. Di-PENTAGYN1A. Many perigynous stamens. 2 to 5 styles.
2633. Stranra'sia. Cal. 5-toothed. Petals 5, concave, sessile, spreading, villous at base. Stamens 20, spreading.
ovary villeus, superior, 5-celled. Cells containing 2 ovules. Fruit spherical, enclosed by the calyx, containing the
superior, 5-valved, hard, brittle, dehiscent capsule. Seeds oblong, compressed. Testa cartilaginous. Radicle ex
serted. Leaves simple. Flowers corymbose.
2634. Kageneckia. Cal. saucer-shaped, furnished with a ring a little elevated on the inside, girding the ovaries.
Petals wanting 7 Stamens 15, 5 of which alternate with the lobes of the calyx, the rest by pairs opposite the lobes.
MONO (, PN/4.
17353. Subglobose umbilicate. Ribs 13 continuous somewhat undulated, Tubercles woolly bearing many short stiff
straight spines, Petals acute
[spreading
17354 Roundish cylindrical, Mammillae Irge. conical rather angular disposed along 16 rather spiral ribs, Spines slender
17355 Obovate, Mammillae irge, conical depressed disposed along 1617 ribs, Spikes 810 long slender spreading
17356 Nearly globose glaucescent, Ribs 14 acute, Spines unequal spreading, Flowers very long
17357 Nearly globose umbilicate, Ribs 9-10 undulated, Spines 56 straight black, Petals acuminated
17358 Oblong cylindrical, Spines 6-7 upper ones largest brown

17359 Cylindrical proliferous, Axils naked, Spines
spreading
[Petals nearly equal
17360 Simple oval cylindrical, Mammilla large con
obtuse, Spines 8-10 stiffish straight nearly equal spreading,
1735.3
1735-
17362
W17359
20*. cephanas. This plant grows best in turf, rea: soil...and.:***...*.*.*.
If moss is allowed
.#: surface of the soil it helps the : and health of the plant. It is increased by seed.
lili. Cctus to 2630. Pereskia. For propagation, culture, and other particular: relating to Cacteae, see p. 410-415-5
also, for some excellent remarks on the general treatinent of Cctea, see Gard. Mag., vol. xv. p. 83.
to grow
4 II 2
- - -
- -
- -
1202
17361 -
- floribnda hook.
17362.
- Lehmnni Hook.
Lehmann's
* D cu
...... Y
Also Nos. 6839, 6840 & 6842. are referable to this genus.
copious flwg
2627. *1111d. CE'REU.S. Haw ... CE&EUs.

17363 6870a Napoleonis Grah.
n = gr
......
Pk
CLAss XII.
Chile
...... O s.l.
Bot. mag. 3647
Mexico
...... O ru
Bot. mag. 30.34
(Cereus, a torch or taper; resemblance). Cactaceae, Sp 2568.
Napoleon's
fit
:# 6
......
?1825. C. s.l.
Cctus Napoleonis Hort. Creus triangularis var. major Salm-Dyck.

G857 speciosissimus.
A lateritius Lindl. brick-red
* ~, or 2 my.s Bri.R Eng hyb. 1831. Clt,
17364 6875a Mallisoni Hort.
17365 - setsus B. C.
2- -] or 6 .....
Mallison's
bristled
Bot. reg. 1595
Eng. hyb. 1830. C. p.l.s Bot. reg. 1565
$, J or * au
Bot. mag. 3458
Pk
Brazil
1829. C lt.
Bot. cab. 1887
pentlophus Dec.
Pf.
subarticulate tr. D or 1 ......

L
Mexico
...... C. sp., Bot mag. 365
os. 6868, 6869,6854,6855, 6856, 6857, 6858, 6878.6876.6872. 6871.6857.6859. 6861, 6162,6863.6837.6*65.
6860 6874. 6873. and 6875. are also referable to this genus.
2628. *1111e. EPIPHY'LLUM Haw EFIPHYLLUM. (Epi, upon, *". a leaf; flowers.) Cactaceae. Sp. 7-8.
17366 6901a Hokeri Haw.
Hooker's
rt. D or 2 jn.jl
Cctus Phyllnthus Hook., not of Haw.
17367 6901b speciosum Haw.
showy
rt. D or 3 jn.jl
S Jenkinsoni Hort, Jenkinson's
* I spl 3 ap.my
2 latertia Hens.
brick-red
*.
spl 3 in
17368 6901c Ackermnni Haw. Ackermann's reor 2 jn
17369 6903a crispatum Haw.
curled
* L] gr 1 aut
Nos. 6901, 6902, and 6903. are also referred to this genus.
S. Amer. ......
R
C
R
S
Y
C s-p
1810. C. s.p
Eng. hyb....... C s-p
Eng. hyb. 1828. C. s.p
Brazil
Mexico
Brazil
1829. C
1829. C. s.
Bot. mag 269?

Bot. reg.304
Botanist, 12
Bot. mag. 3598
2629, "1111/ OPUNTIA Haw. INDIAN FIG. (Plentiful near Opus, a city of Locris.) Cactaceae.
Sp. 2543.
t884 vulgris Haw.
connmon
* - fr2 jl.au Y
S.Europe 1596. C s.l. Bot. mag. 2393
Cctus Opntia L. No. 6884. in p. 412.
17370 6887a Ficus indica Haw. Indian Fig
* D gr 2 jn.jl Y
To this genus Nos. 6877. to 6901. inclusive, are referred.
S. Amer. 1731. C s.p
2630. *1112a. PERE'S KIA Haw. BARBADoes GooseBERRY. (N. F. Peireskius, a lover of bot.) Cacticeae. Sp. 3-3
+6904 aculeta Haw.
prickly
* D fr5 o.n
W
W. Indies 1696. C s-p Di.el. 227. 294
Cctus Perskia L. No. 6904. in p. 414.
17371 -
- Blo H. & K.
* - fr 5 o.ja
Bleo
Ro
17372 17373 -
Mexico
- albscens Gill.
whitish
O cu 2 jl.n
Pa.Y. Chile
-adrea Lindl.
golden-flowered
O or 2 jl.n
Go
Bot. reg. 1473
1831. S s.l.
Sw.fligar.2.s.:8:
Californ. 1833. S m.s.l. Bot. reg. il

-
or 4 jn
. Amer. ...... L. co
sk
sk
or 6 jn
or 6 in
W
W
N. Amer. ...... L. co
N. Amer. ...... L. co
A. b. fig. 676
Sc phil. ic.
17377 6015d laxus Schrad.

loose-growing fa
humilis Hort., pubscens Lo. C.
17378 6917a tomentsus Wall. woolly-leaved sh
or 4 jn
N. Amer. 1830. L. co
Sc. phil. ic.
17375
17376
Zeyher's
*: 915.
1114. PHILADE*LPhUS.
17374 6915a Zeyheri Schrad.
1827. C p.1
Sp. 4-4.
1113. BARTONN/A
6915b latifolius Schrad.

broad-leaved
6915c floribiindus Schrad. bundle-flwd
W.
Sc. phil. ic.
1822. L co, Royle ill.46.

nepalnsis Lo. C., 7 triflorus Royle. The P. verrucosus Schrad is syn. with P. grandiflorus Bot res."
or 6 jn.jl
Nepal
and P. grandiflorus W. is the P. inodrus Hort. and P. laxus Lo. C.

Sp. 1115.
1121 MY*RTUS.
6974 communis
6 flre plno
a variegata
x maculata
17379 6980a obscura B. R.
*u I or
variegated-lvd # u_j or
blotched-lvd
a
or
doubtful
*
or
double-flwd
2631. *1130a. PU'RSHIA Dec. PURsH1A.

17380 - tridentata Dec. 3-toothed-lvd
6
6
6
6
jl.au
jl.au
jl.au
jn.au
W
W.
W
W
S.Europe 1597. Crim

S. Europe 1597. C. r.m
S. Europe 1597. C. r.m
Maranh. 1823. C s-p
Bot. reg. 1044
(T. Pursh, author of F1. Amer. Sept.)

Rosaceae. Sp. 1-1.
it
or 2 my.jn Y
N. Amer. 1826. C 1.p Bot. reg. 1446
Tigrea tridentata Ph.
2622. *1135 a. COWA'N IA D. Don. CowANIA. (James Cowan, an English merchant. Rosaceae. Sp. 1-1.
7381 -
- plicta D. Don
plaited-Penn,"f
or 2 jn
Mexico
......
L. s.p
Sw, fl. gar. *
*1. Purshua. A dry light soil suits this plant, and cuttings of the young wood will root in sand under * hand
g-ass.
ORDER I.
1203
17361
Globose subcylindrical, Mammullae Irge. conical obtuse, Spines 1416 strong straight nearly equal, Petals very
17362
unequai
[acuminate
Oblong subcylindrical, Mammillae Irge. subtetragonal, Spines 7-8 straight slender one longer than rest, Petals
Branches diffuse creeping triangular, Spines 4-5 stiffspreading.
Hybrid between C. speciosissimus and C. flabellifrmis

[linear obtuse
Stems creeping triangular, Spines numerous bristle-shaped, Flowers solitary from the centre of the bristles, Petals
17366
Branches deeply serrated naked, Tube of flower very long slender, Segms. of cor. lin. lanceol.
17567
Stem serrated repand, Tube of cor. short scaly unarmed

[Petals keeled
large ringent nearly four times longer than tube,
undulated, Margins appearing curled from large crenatures
except when young. Cor.
17368 Branches seldom with

1736.9 Branches cuneate oblong
6884
17:370
Proliferous loose, Joints ovate, Spines setaceous

Joints ovate oblong blunt at both ends, spines setaceous length of the wool
Lvs. ellipt. Prickles solitary in axils of Ivs. fascicled on stems, Flowers panicled, Fruit globose
Lvs. ellipt. acute thering into short footstalks, Spines fascicled, Upper axils bearing thick rounded tleshy
3-5-dwd. pedunc., Petals obov. retuse soon reflected
1737.2
Stem with white shining epidermis, Lvs. sinuately toothed, Capsule naked 3-valved, Seed broadly marginate
17:373
stem branched hispid, Lvs. ovate lanceol. pinnatifid, Bract. pinnatifid, Petals 5 obovate cuspidate
17374
Lvs. ov. acumin. serrately denticul. rounded at the base 3-nerved, Flws. fewer and larger than in P. vulgaris
and scentless
[minato
Bark whitish, Lvs broad-ovate acumin. toothed about 5-nrvd. hairy ben. Inflor. racemose, Lobes of cal. acu
Flws. in leafy panic.
17375
1737.6
17377
Lvs. ovate-oval with long acuminate tip serrat. toothed 3-nrvd. hairy ben. Inflor. subracemose, Flws. 5-7 showy
slightly scented ,
[level with stamens
Lvs. oval-ovate with long acuminate tip toothed pubes. ben. Flws. solitary or 2-3 together, Stigmas about
17378
Lvs. ovate acuminated denticulated toment. ben. Racemes termin., Pedicels oppos. Lobes of cal. ovate acute
173.79
Peduncles angular short usually solitary, Lvs. ovate lanceol. acum. Calyx hairy 4-cleft, Petals hairy outside
l"380
Subdecumbent, Lvs. grouped wedge-sh.ending in 2-3 teeth villose ab. toment ben. Buds scaly, Stipules none,
or minute
17381
Leaves wedge-shaped oblong pinnatifid plaited. Ovaries 14
17379
26.32.
Cowdnia. A handsome evergreen hardy shrub, with large showy blossoms resembling a small rose
4 II 3
- -
1204.
- -
FIRST ADD1TIONAL SUPPLEMENT.
CLAss Xll.
d J. PENTAG. P.N.I.A.
+1132. CRATE"GUS. L. (Kratos, strength; hardness and strength of wood.) Rosaceae
Pmeae. Sp. 27r.
I. Cocci'NEAE.-Leaves cordate, lobed, acutely serrated. Flowers and Fruit large. Plants large and of free
and vigorous growth.
+7063 coccinea L.
or 20 myjn W.
aestivalis Booth, Mspilus aestivalis TWall., M. coccinea Mill.
N. Amer. 1683. B co
Den.br. 62
A corllina A.b.f. 565.; syn. C. corllina Lod., C. pyrifrmis of some.

% indentata A.b.f. 566.; syn. C. indentata Lo.C.
+7067 glandulsa W.
glandular
*
or 15 myjn W
N. Amer. 1750. B co Den, br. 58
Mspilus rotundifolia Ehrh., Pyrus glandulosa Manch, C. rotundifolia Booth.
A succulnta Fis.
2 subvillsa A. b.f. 568.; syn. C. subvillsa Fis.
II. PUNCTATA-Leaves not lobed, large, with many nerves. Bark white or ash-coloured. Fruit large or small.
t7070 punctata Ait.
dotted-fruited
or 15 myjn W.
N. Amer. 1746. B. co
Den.br. 57
Crus-galli Duroi, Mspilus cuneifolia Ehrh., M. punctata Link, M. cornifolia Lam.

+7065
Ait.
a rbra A. b.f. 569.; syn. C. edulis Ronalds.

A rubra stricta Hort.; syn. C. p. stricta Ronalds.
Pear-tree-lvd Y
or 20 jn
W
Bot. reg. 1877
eucophloeos Mench, radiata Lod, tomentosa Duroi, Mspilus latifolia Lam., M. Calpodendron Ear
M. pyrifolia Link, M. cornifolia Poir., Booth, C. latifolia Ronalds.
III. CRU's-GA'lli... Leaves without lobes. Fruit small or middle-sized, round, darkgreen till nearly ripe, *
ripe scarlet. Spines very long, and bent like the spur of a cock.
+7071 Crs-glli L.
Cock's-spur
*
or 20 myjn W
N. Amer. 1691, sco. Den.br. 86
lucida Wang., cuneifolia Lodi, Mspilus lucida Ehrh., M. Crs-glli Poir., M. hyemalis Walt., M. cunei
folia Maench.
& splndens Dec.; syn. C. arbutifolia and C. splendens Ait.
z pyracanthifolia Dec. A.b.f. 580.; syn. C. pyracanthifolia Lod., M. lucida Dam.

oval-leaved
*
or
my.jn w
N. Amer. 1810. B co
17382 -
- ovalifolia Horn.
17383
- prunifolia Bosc
Crus-glli ovalifolia Plum-tree-lvd

Lindl., elliptica#Lod. or 20
myjn W
Bot. reg. 1860

Bot reg. 1868
Crus-glli prunifolia Lindl., carolinina Lod., Mspilus prunifolia Poir.

Singstria A. B.
Ingestrie
or 20 my-jn ...
Eng-hyb....... B co
IV. N. G.R.E.-Leaves middle-sized, deeply lobed. Lobes pointed. Fruit round, black or purple. Tree rather fast.
giate, with few or no spines. Bark smooth.
+7083 nigra W. & K.
black-fruited
Y
or 20 ap.my W.
Hungary 1819. Bco
Mespilus nigra W., carptica Lod.
17384 - purpurea Bosc
purple-bran.
or 15 myjn w
Altaic.M.2 1822. B. co
g altica A. B.
Altaic
or 15 myjn W
Altaic M. ...... B co
Den.br. 64
Den-br. 60
A.b.f.583
v. Douglassii.-Leaves small, and not lobed as in the preceding section. Spines rather numerous and rigid. Fr"
17385-
- Douglasii Lindl.
small, and dark purple. Pulp soft and watery.

Douglas's
*
or 15 my
w
N.W.Am.1830. S.Bco Bot reg. 1810
VI. FLA've Leaves small, obovate, slightly lobed, and serrated. Flowers frequently solitary. Spin's numerous
straight, and more slender than in division. Fruit top, or pear, shaped, yellow, or greenish-yello".
- flava Mit.
yellow-fruited *
or 20 my
W. N. Amer. 1724. B co, Den, br. 59
glandulosa Mr. not of Walt, Mspilus Michaixii Pers., C. carolinina Poir., C. flavissima Hor:
17386 17:387-
- lobta Bosc
or 15 my jn W
......
...... B co
A.b. [ 554&586
17388 -
- trilobta Lod.
lobed-leaved
Mspilus lobta Poir., C. lutea Hort.

three-lobed-lvd Y
spinosissima Lee.
or 15 myjn W
hybrid
1820? B co
Bot cab. 1100?
VII. Artifo LIME. Leaves deltoid, or somewhat resembling those of the common thorn. Fruit also ofthe same colour.
But the tree has a totally different habit, having the shoots loose and spreading, weak, and almost without thorns.
+7074 apifolia Mr.
Parsley-leaved
or 15 myjn W.
N. Amer, 1812. B co A.b.f. 69
Oxyacntha Walt, apifolia major Lod.
8 minor A. B.
less
or ... myjn W
......
...... B co
A. b.f. 588
t?067 &
*7071-2
*7071

1132. Crategus. Of all the genera of hardy deciduous ligneous plants in cultivation in British gard
there!,
#
one which,
taking it altogether, can be compared with the genus : us. ... They are not only , beauti
'' when
in flower (a F: which extends from the beginning of April to the end of July, commencing with C. par
p
: and ending with C. cordata), but also when
they are covered with ripe fruit, which includes a period com
"encing with C. purporea and C. nigra, in the beginning of July, and continuing till the following spring or summer,
ICOSANDRIA Di-PENTAGYNIA.
CD a bra II.
1205
D.I.P.E.N.T.A. G. P.N.I.A.
-oo.3
Lvs
cord-ovate angled with lobes acutely serrated glabr. Petiol. & cal. pubes. glanded, Petals orbicul. Styles 5,
Fruit eatable
2 mxima Lod. , syn. C. c. spinosa Godefroy.
*,neapolitana Hort: ; syn. Mespilus constantinopolitana Godefroy.
:*
angled glabr-glossy, Petioles stipules & sepals glanded, Fruit oval scarlet, Nuts 4-5, Flesh
7067 Lvs.
hard and dry
* macracntha A.b.f. 572.; syn. C. macracntha Lod., C. spina longissima Lee.

subvar. minor A. b.f. 573
Toto
Lvs. obov-wedge-sh. glabr. serrat. Cal. rather villose, Sepals awl-sh. entire, Fruit usually dotted
7065
brevisplna Don, A.b. f. 2462

lin-lanceol.
Spiny or
Lvs. ovate-ellipt, incisely serrat obscurely plaited rather hairy, Styles 3, Cal. slightly villose,
7071
Spines long, Lvs. obov.-wedge-sh. nrly. sess. glossy glabr. falling off late, Stipules linear, Cal. lobes lanceol.
area; syn, No. 7068, in p. 424., C. dulcis Ronalds, C. edulis Lod, C. pentagyna flava Godofroy.
: serrat. Styles a
2 salicifolia Dec. A. b.f. 578
* linearis Dec. A. b.f. 577. , syn. M. linearis Deaf.
& nana Dec. A. b.f. 552 ; syn. M. nana Dum.
7382
17
Lvs. oval serrat rather pilose on both surf... shining on upper one, stipules sub-cord, incisely serrat, with
glanded serratures
Lvs. broadly ovate uneq serrated & glabr. Petioles bearing few glands, sepals with glanded serratures, Pedun
and cal. little will.
Lvs. sinuately lobed serrat. somew. wedge-sh. truncately so at base willose ben. Stip. obl. serrately cut, Cal.
vill. Styles 5, Fruit black
Lvs. ovate cuneate at base lobed serrat. glabr, or pubes. ben. Stip. somewhat circular serrated with glanded
17385
Spines straightish short and long, Lvs. obovate and oval gashedly serrated acute cuneate at base glabr. In
autumn leathery purplish and shining
17386
Lvs. obov.-cuneat, slightly lobed crenately serrate on short petioles, Stip. glanded, Nuts 4 in a fruit
17387
Bran rather vill. Lvs. ovate uneq. serrat. or lobed slightly downy bent on short petioles, Stip.cut, Inflor. corym.
(bose
17388 Lvs. ovate-cuneate notched and serrat. Petioles slender, Branches small thickly beset with slender thorns
7074
Lvs. cut into acute and incisely toothed lobes, Pedic. in corymb vill, mostly simple, Cal. tube vill. Sepals
obscurely serrated
C. mericana, C. virginica, and some other species, retaining their fruit all the winter. ... All the species may be
trained either as small, handsome, exceedingly picturesque trees, or as beautiful and picturesque shrubs, at the pleasure
of the cultivator. (Arb. Brit., p. 814.) Most of the species would make excellent hedges. . . . . All the species
will grow on any soil that is tolerably dry, but they will not grow vigorously in a southat is not deep and free, and
rich rather than poor.
(Ib.)
4 H 4
1206
CLAss Kll.
VIII. MicrocA'RPAE.Fruit small, round, red. Flowers small, produced in corymbs, later in the season than in any
of the other species. Spines few, but sometimes very large.
f7064 cordta Mil.
%,
W.
N. Amer. 1738. B co
Bot reg. 1151
populifolia Walt. Mspilus acerifolia Poir. dict.

spathula-shaped?
or 15 myjn W.
microcrpa Lindl. Bot reg.
N. Amer. 1806. B co
Bot reg. 1846
heart-leaved
or 20 jn.jl
+7073 spathulta Ell.
IX. AZARo"LI.-Fruit large, round or pear-shaped, yellow or red, eatable. Leaves wedge-shaped, 3 cleft, or more
shining, pubescent, or hairy. Spines few or none.
#7078 Azarlus L.
17389 -
- maroccana Pers.
Azarole
Morocco
17390 -
- Arnia Bosc
Aronia
*
*
or 15 myjn W.
S. Europe 1640. B co
Bot. reg:579
or 15 myjn W
Morocco 1822. B co
A. b. f. 594
or 15 myjn W
S. Europe 1810. B co
Poc, or 85
Mspilus Arnia W. N. Duh. , C.Azarlus 8 Willd. sp.,C. fissa Lod.; M. orient. apifol. sabtus hirsuta Pac.
f7080 orientalis Bose
Eastern
# or 15 my.jn W S. Europe 1810. B co Bot. rep. 590
odoratissima Bot, rep and No. 7080. in p. 424., Mspilus orientalis Poir.
8 sanguinea.A. B. . blood-cld:/ld Y
or 15 my.jn W
Crimea
1810. B co Bot. reg. 1852
C. orientlls Lindl. Bot. reg., C. sanguinea Schrad., C. tanacetifolia 8 tadrica Dec.
+7079 tanacetifolia Pers. Tansy-lvd
f
or 15 my.jn W.
Greece
1789. B co Bot. rep. 591
M. tanacetifolia Poir, dict, N. Duh.; M. pinnata Dum.; M. Celsiana Dum. ?
A glabra Lod. A. b.f. 598.
17391 -
2 Leedna A. b.f. 599. , syn. C. inclsa Lee.
X. HETERoPHY'LLE.-Leaves cuneate and subpersistent. Fruit long, middle-sized, and crimson.

- heterophylla Flug. various-leaved
or 20 myjn W
N. Amer. 1816. B co Bot. reg. 1847
XI. OxYAcANTHAE.--Leaves obovate, trifid, or variously cut. Flowers numerous, in corymbs. Fruit generally red
t7075 Oxyacntha L.
Sharp-thorn
*
or 15 myjn W.
Britain hed. Sco Eng. bot. 2054
2 obtusta Dec., B. r. 1128.; syn. C. oxyacanthldes
10 Oliveridna A. B., Bot reg. 1933. ; syn. C. Oli
Thuill.
vria and orientalis Lo. C.
3 sibirica A. B.; syn. C. mongyna L.
11 melanocarpa A. B., Bot. reg. 1874.; syn. C. fissa
4 transylvnica Hort.; syn. C. 0.3 sibfrica?
Lee, platyphylla B. R.
12 adrea Hori., A. b f. 610.; syn. No. 707& 4 in
p. 424
-
5
6
7
8
quercifolia Booth, A. b. f. 608

faciniata A. b. f. 603.; syn. C. laciniata Lo.C.
pterifolia A. b.f. 604. ; syn. C. pectinta Hort.
eriocrpa Lindl., A. b. f. 607.; syn. No. 7076 in
p. 42
9 purprea (purple-shoots) A. b.f. 611
13 aurantlaca Booth
14 leucocrpa A. B.
15 mdltiplex Hort., A. b. f. 609.; syn. No.7075.

s in p. 424
XII. PARviro'LIAE.-Leaves small, ovate, serrated or notched, but scarcely lobed.
Fruit green or greenish yello";
rather large and hard.

f7069
Ait.
or .6 myjn W. N. Amer: 1704. B.co. Den, br. 65

spilus axillaris Pers., M. tomentosa Poir, M. xanthocarpus L.ft., M. parvifolia Wats, c. toments"
small-leaved
5.
I. sp., C. uniflora Duroi. C. viridis, axillaris, betulifolia, flrida, and linearis Lo. C.
S flrida Lod.
Florida
*
or 6 myjn W
N. Amer...... B co
2 grossulariaefolia A. B. Gooseb.-lvd sh
or 6 my.jn W
...... B co
*-
A. b.f. 613
A. b. f. 616
C. lineris Lo. C.
17392 -
- virginica Lod.
Virginian
or 5 myjn W
Virginia 1812. B co A. b. f. 615
XIII. Mexica"NA.-Leaves large, oval lanceolate, notched and serrated. Fruit large, green or greenish yello".
17393 -
or 15 myjn W
- mexicana M. & S. _ Mexican
f
stipulacea Lo. C., Lambertiana Hort.
Mexico
1823. B co Sw.fl-gar.***
XIV. PYRAcA'NTHA.-Leaves oval, lanceolate, glabrous, entire, small, evergreen. Fruit numerous, of a bright co"
colour.
f7072 Pyracntha Pers.
Pyracantha
*
or 10 my... W
S. Europe 1629. S. s. A. b.f. 561
A crenulta A. B.
crenulated
*
or 10 my.jn W
1830. B s.l
C. crenulata Roz. m.s., Lindl. in Lin. trans., Don's Mill. ; Mspilus crenulata D. Don.
2633. *1132a. STRANVAE'SIA Lindl.

17394 -
(Hon. W. For Strangways, a learned botanist.) Rosdceae. Sp. 1-1.
- glaucscens_Lindl. grey-leaved
*
or 20 jn
Crataegus gladica Wall, Arb. brit. p. 844. figs. 562, 563.
%. 17390
from 5.15
+7075.7
/.
ises. b. co
+7078.6
'. L*
Nepal
..
N-
~ :
* *
*W* ~ *
*
-
. . .
|
\
>
-
(\
Bot-reg. 1956
*7080s
/*@*\
70792.

Stranta'sia. This plant succeeds perfectly when grafted on the common hawthorn.
w
--
ORDER II.
- =
* - -
12O7
7064 Lvs. cord-ovate angled by lobes glabr. Petioles and calyxes glandless, Styles 5
7073 Lvs. fascicled obl. cuneat. 3-cleft lobed and cuneat. smth. shining, Corymbs many-fld. Cal. smth. Segms. ovate
ent. Fruit 5-celled
Styles 1-3
7078 Lvs. pubes. trifid, Lobes blunt and with few large teeth, Branchlets
combs and
calyxes pubes
s'
173-9 Lvs. 3-lobed and pinnatif. glabr. glandless, Stip cut rather palmately, Pedunc. long, Corymbs termin. Sepals
obtuse, Styles 2
(yellow
17390 Branchlets pubes. Lvs. pubes. on under surf. Lobes obtuse entire each ending in 3 obtuse mucron. teeth, Fruit
7080 Branches toment. Lvs. 3-lobed downy ben. 2 side Ibs. ovate with tooth-Ik. Incisions at tip middle 1-3-fid, Stip.
A Fruit of a very dark purplish red or port wine colour
(broad and cut
*079 Lvs. pinnatifidly cut hairy, Lbs. obl acute having few teeth, Sepals acutish reflexed hairy, Styles 5, Fruit glo
bose yellowish green
17391 Lvs. lanceol.-cuneat. toothed at apex 3-cleft, Segms. serrate, Cal. tube fusiform, Cymes many-flwd. Style 1,
Stips. large and pinnatifid
7075 Lvs. obov.-cuneate almost ent, or 3-fid or cut glabr. rather glossy, Corymbs of several dws. Sepals glandless
acute, Styles 1-3
16+rosea hort., A. b. f. 612
23 pndula Lod.
17 ": Bot. cab. 1363.; syn. C.O. rosea suprba
24 reginae Hort. (Queen Mary's Thorn) A. b. p..
153
orf.
18 punicea fl. pl. Hort,
25+praecox hort (Glastonbury Thorn)

26 mongyna A. B., syn. No. 7077. in p. 424
27 aptala Lod.
}:
19 fol. aureis
20 foliis argenteis Hort.
21 stricta
A. b. pl.
nalds
22 Celsiana Hort.
152.; syn. C.O. rigida Ro-
28 lucida A. B.
29 capitata sm. of Ayr

30 flexuosa Sm. of Ayr
7069 Lvs. oval-lanceol. incisely serrat pubes. Flws. mostly solit. Branlts. and cal. vill. Stip. oristle-lk. Sep. serrat.
Fruit alm. top-sh., Nuts 5
a Has the leaves and fruit somewhat smaller and rounder than those of the species
* Has the leaves lobed, and somewhat like those of the gooseberry
17392 Lvs. obov. cuneat. glabr. shining notched not lobed small, Fruit round rather larger than a common haw dark
green
17393 Lvs oval-lanceol. notched and serrat. acumin. somewhat ciliated at base, Petiol. short channeled, Margin
winged, Stams. 10-15, Styles 2 rarely 4
7072 Lobes of cal. obtuse, Styles 5, Fruit globose
17394 Lvs. lanceol. coriac. serrat. poin

Loudon

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Loudon

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned

by Google as part of a project

<>c> tntt. i'b,

- iii Abbreviations used in the Linnean Arrangement xix.

MoNANDRIA, genera and their characters -

Monogynia, genera and species

Digynia, genera and species

Monogynia, genera and species

Monogynia, genera and species

Digynia, genera and species Trigynia, genera and species

Digynia, genera and species

Digynia, genera and species

Digynia, genera and species

Octandria, genera and species

Triandria, genera and species

Herandria, genera and species

Lycopodinea, genera and species

Monogynia, genera and species

Monogynia, genera and species

Monogynia, genera and species

Monogynia, genera and species

Herandria, genera and species

Digynia, genera and species

1 | D1ADELPHIA, genera and their characters .

Digynia, genera and species

Paginulati Schistocarpi, genus and spec. 916

Hymenomycetes, genera and species

Gasteromycetes, genera and species

Hyphomycetes, genera and species

Coniomycetes, genera and species

Glossary of Terms Table of Synon mes in all Languages

NAMES OF BOOKS REFERRED TO.

Mmoires de l'Acadmie Royale

Abbott's Natural History of the

des Sciences. 1 vol. 4to,

De Asso(Ignatius). Synopsis Stir

Asso arr. 556.

pium indigenarum Arrago

Gaise. 4 vols. 4to.

licantur. 50 vols. 4to, 1682-1731.

Act bon. 176.

Act helv. 540.

Acta Helvetica physico-mathema

Kongl. svenska vetenskaps aca

Act. petr. 58.

Commentarii Academiae Scientia

rum Imperialis Petropolitanae.

Act. ups. 90.

Acta literaria et Scientiarum Up

Allioni (Carolus). Rariorum Pe

All. auc. 16.

Id. Auctuarium ad floram Pe.

1 vol. 4to. Taurini. 1755.

Balb, diss 676.

Alp. aeg. 196.

Bea fl. dOware,

Bell. taur. 486.

De Plantis exoticis libri duo.

4to. Venetiis, 1629.

Amoen. ac. 334.

seu dissertationes antehac

lanea Botanica. 4to.

Banks (Josephus). Icones selectae

Alp, ex. 94.