NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
________________
No. 13-3354
________________
In re: COASTAL BROADCASTING SYSTEMS, INC.,
Debtor
Wilbur E. Huf, Jr.; Edwin Rosenfeld,
Appellant
________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of New Jersey
(D.C. Civil Action No. 1-12-cv-05682)
District Judge: Honorable Renee M. Bumb
________________
Argued June 10, 2014
Before: AMBRO, GREENBERG, and BARRY, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: June 23, 2014)
Joseph M. Garemore, Esquire (Argued)
Brown & Conner
360 Haddon Avenue
P.O. Box 539
Westmont, NJ 08108
Counsel for Appellants
Andrea Dobin, Esquire (Argued)
Trenk, DiPasquale, Della Fera & Sodono
427 Riverview Plaza
Trenton, NJ 08611
Ira R. Deiches, Esquire
Deiches & Ferschmann

25 Wilkins Avenue
Haddonfield, NJ 08033
Counsel for Appellee
________________
OPINION
________________
AMBRO, Circuit Judge
This is an appeal from a decision of the District Court affirming confirmation of a
plan of reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. For the reasons that
follow, we affirm in all respects.
I.
A. Prior to December 2008 the debtor, Coastal Broadcasting Systems, Inc.
(Coastal), was owned and operated by seven shareholders though chiefly by appellants
Edwin Rosenfeld and Wilbur E. Huf, Jr.1 In December 2008, as part of a reorganization
of the company, Coastal redeemed the shares held by six of the seven shareholders.
Rosenfeld and Hufs shares were redeemed in exchange for promissory notes totaling
approximately $1.7 million. The restructuring also included a refinancing component
with Coastals secured creditor, Sturdy Savings Bank (Sturdy), wherein Sturdy
provided loans to Coastal.
As part of the reorganization, Coastal, Huf, Rosenfeld, Sturdy, and others signed a
Subordination and Intercreditor Agreement (the Agreement). Pursuant to the
undisputed terms of the Agreement, Huf and Rosenfelds promissory notes were
1

Messrs. Rosenfeld and Huf collectively are referred to below by their individual names
or simply as the Objectors.
2

subordinated to Sturdys Senior Debt.2 The Agreement further provides that, although
Huf and Rosenfeld held Subordinated Debt, they would continue to receive payments
from Coastal and could file suit and accelerate the Subordinated Debt if Coastal fell
behind in payments.3
There are provisions of the Agreement that deal with Coastals reorganization and
are the central focus of this appeal. These provisions purportedly assign Huf and
Rosenfelds rights to repayment and voting rights to Sturdy. They provide in relevant
part:
[Section 3.1] [U]pon or in connection with any . . . reorganization of
[Coastal], . . . any payment, dividend or distribution of any kind . . . which
would otherwise be payable or deliverable with respect to the Subordinated
Debt, shall be paid or delivered directly to [Sturdy] for application [to] . . .
the Senior Debt . . . .
[Section 3.2] If any proceeding described in Section 3.1 is commenced,
[Sturdy] is irrevocably authorized (in its own name or in the names of
[Rosenfeld and Huf] or otherwise), . . . to demand, sue for, collect and
receive all such payments, dividends and distributions referred to in
Section 3.1, . . . file claims, proofs of claim and take such other actions
(including, without limitation, voting the Subordinated Debt) as it may
deem necessary or advisable. [Sturdy] is granted power of attorney by
Section 2.1 provides in relevant part: [Rosenfeld and Huf] subordinate[] all
Subordinated Debt and all claims and demands arising therefrom to all the Senior
Debt. . . . Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.2 below, until all of the Senior Debt
is paid[,] . . . [Coastal] will not make, and [Rosenfeld and Huf] will [not] demand or
accept, . . . payment of any kind . . . of all or any part of the Subordinated Debt without
the prior written consent of Bank. App. at 49.
2

Section 2.2 states in relevant part: [S]cheduled payments of principal and/or interest
pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Subordinated Notes may be made by [Coastal]
and accepted by [Rosenfeld and Huf,] . . . and [Coastals] failure to so pay upon
[Rosenfeld and Hufs] demand shall entitle [them] to demand and accelerate the
Subordinated Debt, [and] institute any court proceedings against [Coastal,] . . . to collect
any Subordinated Debt . . . . Id. at 50.
3

[Rosenfeld and Huf] with full power of substitution to execute and file such
documentation and take any other action [Sturdy] may deem advisable to
accomplish the foregoing, and to protect [Sturdys] interest in the
Subordinated Debt and its right of enforcement thereof. Such power . . . is
irrevocable.
App. at 51-52.
After the 2008 reorganization, Coastal struggled to meet its liabilities, including
the substantial payments to Rosenfeld, Huf, and the other former shareholders. Coastal
sought relief from Huf and Rosenfeld in the rescheduling of the cash drain of the
payments. They refused to bargain and instead filed an action in the Superior Court of
New Jersey seeking recovery of over $1.6 million. Uncertainty over this litigation, along
with moderate revenues, led Coastal in January 2011 to seek financial reorganization
under Chapter 11.
B. Coastals plan of reorganization included five different classes of claims.
Sturdy was classified alone in Class I as a secured creditor owed over $1.2 million. The
Objectors and the other former shareholders were placed in Class IV. All other general
unsecured creditors were placed in Class III. The disclosure statement provided that
Class III would share pro rata in a distribution of $100,000 but that Class IV would
receive nothing per the Agreement. The plan also noted that, because all of Coastals
assets were worth less than the over $1.2 million owed to Sturdy, all unsecured claims
would receive nothing in the event of a liquidation.
The Objectors made several objections to confirmation of the plan, including that:
their claims were impaired (thus entitling them to vote); they were improperly classified

in a separate class from other unsecured creditors; and the plan was not feasible under 11
U.S.C. 1129(a)(11). The objections did not discuss the implications of the Agreement.
In March 2012 Coastal filed a certification of balloting indicating that Class III,
the only class Coastal considered impaired, had voted in favor of the plan. The
Bankruptcy Court held a confirmation hearing on the plan, during which time the Court
questioned (1) whether, in the event the Bankruptcy Court found the Objectors claims
were impaired, Sturdy was entitled to vote their claims under 3.2 of the Agreement, and
(2) if so, whether Sturdy actually would vote in favor of the plan. Sturdy stated that it
would.
Following the hearing, the Bankruptcy Court asked the parties to address whether
Sturdy was entitled to vote on behalf of the Objectors under 3.2 of the Agreement. In
response, Rosenfeld and Huf made only one argument: under the plain language of the
Agreement the voting rights were not assigned to Sturdy because that provision only
applied in instances of liquidation, not reorganization.
In July 2012 the Bankruptcy Court issued its opinion. The Court concluded that,
while the Objectors claims were properly classified in their own class, Coastals plan
improperly designated the claims as unimpaired. Though the claims were impaired, the
Court determined that the plan could still be confirmed under 1129(a). It reasoned that
3.2 unambiguously entitled Sturdy to vote the Objectors debt, and, because Sturdy had
represented that it would vote the Objectors claims in favor of the plan, Sturdy could be
deemed to have voted for confirmation of the plan. The Court then confirmed the plan
under 1129(a).
5

Rosenfeld and Huf appealed to the District Court and renewed their arguments
about feasibility, classification, and the plain language of the Agreement.4 In addition,
they presented two arguments that were not before the Bankruptcy Court: (1) even if the
Agreement entitled Sturdy to vote their claims, the Agreement violated the Bankruptcy
Code; and (2) Sturdy could not be deemed to have voted for the plan under 1126(g).5
The District Court affirmed the decision of the Bankruptcy Court on the three grounds
raised previously. The Court also held that the new arguments about the Agreement and
1126(g) were waived and without merit.
Rosenfeld and Huf have appealed the District Courts decision. That Court had
jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 158(a)(1). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28
U.S.C. 158(d)(1) and 1291.
II.
A. Because the District Court in this case sat as an appellate court reviewing a
final order of the Bankruptcy Court, our review of its determination is plenary. In re
OBrien Envtl. Energy, Inc., 188 F.3d 116, 122 (3d Cir. 1999) (citing In re Trans World
Airlines, Inc., 145 F.3d 124, 130 (3d Cir. 1998)). In reviewing the decision of the
4

Rosenfeld and Huf obtained new counsel for their appeals to the District Court and to
our Court. Appellate counsel appears not to have been involved in the proceedings
before the Bankruptcy Court.
Section 1126(g) provides that a class is deemed not to have accepted a plan if such
plan provides that the claims or interests of such class do not entitle the holders of such
claims or interests to receive or retain any property under the plan on account of such
claims or interests. 11 U.S.C. 1126(g). Rosenfeld and Huf argued that because their
class received nothing under the plan, they were deemed to have rejected the plan
under 1126(g) and Sturdy could not override that provision by voting in favor of the
plan.
5

Bankruptcy Court, we exercise the same standard of review as the District Court, that is,
we review the Bankruptcy Courts legal determinations de novo, its factual findings for
clear error, and its exercise of discretion for abuse thereof. Id.
B. The Objectors raise the same arguments on appeal that were rejected by the
Bankruptcy Court and the District Court: (1) the Agreement does not assign their voting
rights to Sturdy; (2) the plan classification scheme was improper; and (3) the plan was
not feasible. To the extent the Objectors raise other arguments not raised before the
Bankruptcy Court, they are waived. See In re Kaiser Grp. Intl Inc., 399 F.3d 558, 565
(3d Cir. 2005). The Objectors attempt to circumvent the waiver by claiming that they
had no opportunity to raise these arguments because the Bankruptcy Court only first
raised the Agreement at the close of the confirmation hearing. However, that Court
provided the parties the opportunity to brief whether the Agreement authorized Sturdy to
vote the Objectors shares. The Objectors filed a letter in which their sole argument was
that the plain language of the Agreement applied only to a liquidation, not a
reorganization.
1. The Bankruptcy Court and the District Court held that the Agreement
plainly allowed Sturdy to vote the Objectors claims. The enforceability of the voting
assignment in the Subordination Agreement is a question of law subject to de novo
review. In re Handel, 570 F.3d 140, 141 (3d Cir. 2009). The Objectors renew their
argument that 3.2 is limited to liquidation, not reorganization.6 Coastal contends that

The Objectors also argue (1) that because there has been no event of default of Coastals
obligations to Sturdy, they are still entitled to payments; and (2) that the Agreement was
6

the Agreement provides that Sturdy has the right to vote their debt in this Chapter 11
reorganization.
The Agreement must be construed under New Jersey law, see Transportes Ferreos
de Venezuela II CA v. NKK Corp., 239 F.3d 555, 560 (3d Cir. 2001), under which
contracts are interpreted according to their plain language, see Travelers Indemnity Co. v.
Dammann & Co., 594 F.3d 238, 255 (3d Cir. 2010). Here the Agreement plainly allows
Sturdy to vote the Objectors debt where there is a reorganization. Section 3.2 provides
that [i]f any proceeding described in Section 3.1 is commenced, [Sturdy] is irrevocably
authorized (in its own name or in the names of [Rosenfeld and Huf] or otherwise), . . . to
. . . take such other actions (including, without limitation, voting the Subordinated Debt)
as it may deem necessary or advisable. App. at 52 (emphasis added). Section 3.1
specifically lists reorganization as a triggering event. Here, Coastal has petitioned for
reorganization under Chapter 11the very title of that Chapter. To argue otherwise is a
word warp of clear contract language.
2. The Objectors also argue that the Bankruptcy Court improperly allowed
them to be put into a class separate from the other unsecured creditors. The plan created
five classes. Class III was composed of general unsecured creditors whereas Class IV
was composed only of the Objectors and other former shareholders. The Bankruptcy
executed under questionable circumstances. These issues were never raised before the
Bankruptcy Court and also are waived. See In re Kaiser Grp. Intl Inc., 399 F.3d at 565.
Moreover, both arguments are unpersuasive. As to the former, 3.1 of the Agreement
clearly provides that in the event of a reorganization . . . any payment. . . which would
otherwise be payable or deliverable with respect to the Subordinated Debt[] shall be paid
or delivered directly to [Sturdy] for application [to] . . . the Senior Debt . . . . As to the
latter, there is nothing in the record supporting a claim of questionable circumstances.
8

Court held that, because the Objectors were subject to the Agreement, separate
classification was proper. We agree.7
Section 1122(a) provides that a plan may place a claim or an interest in a
particular class only if such claim or interest is substantially similar to the other claims or
interests of such class. 11 U.S.C. 1122(a). Although not explicit in 1122, a
corollary to that rule is that the grouping of similar claims in different classes is
permitted so long as the classification is reasonable. In re Jersey City Med. Ctr., 817
F.2d 1055, 1061 (3d Cir. 1987).
As the District Court explained, there is nothing unreasonable about placing the
Objectors in a separate class from the other unsecured creditors because their claims,
unlike the other unsecured claims, were uniquely subject to the Agreement. Moreover, as
that Court noted, because Sturdy was allowed to vote the Objectors debt, any error in the
classification scheme was harmless: Sturdy would have voted to approve the Objectors
claims regardless of the classification and would have agreed to less favorable treatment
than the other claims in the class had the claims been in Class III.

The Objectors argue for a mixed standard of review, whereby facts are reviewed for
clear error and legal issues de novo. See In re Greystone III Joint Venture, 995 F.2d
1275, 1281 n.7 (5th Cir. 1992). Coastal argues that we should apply the abuse-ofdiscretion standard. See In re W.R. Grace & Co., 729 F.3d 311, 326 (3d Cir. 2013) (The
Bankruptcy Court has broad discretion to decide if a plan satisfies [ 1122(a)], and we
will uphold a plans classification scheme so long as it is reasonable and does not
arbitrarily designate classes.) (quoting In re Jersey City Med. Ctr., 817 F.2d 1055,
1061 (3d Cir. 1987)). We would affirm the classification scheme under either standard of
review.
9

3. The District Court affirmed the Bankruptcy Courts determination that the
plan was feasible. The latters determination that a plan is feasible is reviewed for clear
error, In re DBSD N. Am. Inc., 634 F.3d 79, 106 (2d Cir. 2011), and should not be
overturned unless the factual findings are completely devoid of a credible evidentiary
basis or bear[] no rational relationship to the supporting data, Shire U.S., Inc. v. Barr
Labs, Inc., 329 F.3d 348, 352 (3d Cir. 2003) (internal quotation marks and citation
omitted). The Objectors argue that those Courts were wrong and that the plan was not
feasible. This argument also fails.
Section 1129(a)(11) codifies the feasibility requirement and requires a
demonstration by the plan proponent that [c]onfirmation of the plan is not likely to be
followed by the liquidation, or the need for further financial reorganization, of the debtor
or any successor to the debtor under the plan, unless such liquidation or reorganization is
proposed in the plan. 11 U.S.C. 1129(a)(11). The Objectors sole argument is that,
because Coastal had a low monthly profit margin, the plan was not feasible. However,
the Bankruptcy Court determined that the income was sufficient, and Coastal provides no
compelling reason to believe that determination was clearly erroneous.
*

We thus affirm in all respects.

10