E D U C A T I O N

The
Reflected
Works
The Warren Monthly, February / March

1923

The Warren Monthly, February / March

For more than a century,

through various names and
incarnations, our message
and mission have remained
the sameto make the means
through which the world
communicates better and
more beautiful.
We have a strong history of helping printers and creatives
make smart decisions when it comes to making the
most of readily available print technologies. Our go-to
resources, vetted by experience, have created an
ownable space for Sappi as an upholder of standards
and creator of new ones.

Explore the February / March 1923 issue of The Warren

Monthly to see how weve always helped customers get
the best printing results from our paperssomething we
continue to do today. By looking back through the pages,
we can look forward to a future of exciting possibilities.

1923

Visit sappietc.com

THE

WARREIN
MONTHLY
FEBRUARY AND MARCH -

NINETEEN TWENTY THREE

Dust and Dirt

we have with us always

ANY sheet of paper that lays around any printing plant for twenty-four hours will give
plenty of evidence of the fact that the air is constantly full of particles of dust and dirt.
This pile of paper had so much dust on it that streaks are left where the fingers were drawn
over the top
[2]
L_

THE WARREN MONTHLY

Published in the interests of THE WARREN ASSOCIATION, with information about the Mill,Headquarters,Warren Distributers,and allied activities

S. D. WARREN COMPANY, BOSTON

FEBRUARY and MARCH, 1923

Dust and Dirt We Have

With Us Always

RINTERS, paper manufacturers and ink manufac-

turers are constantly battling with dust and dirt.

These things do not help good printing when mixed
with ink and paper.
Dustand dirt enter printing plants in many ways
that are obvious. They also enter in some ways that
are little suspected.
Dust and dirt enter a pressroom in these ways:
They are blown in through windows and doors.
They are tracked in by everyone entering the plant.
They are carried in in cases and bundles of paper.
What is known as cutter dust flakes from the edges of the
paper and works in between the sheets.
Cutter dust is scraped from the edges of sheets of paper
being fed into the press and unless taken care of is mixed
with ink.
Lint and dust, thrown off from the edges and surfaces of
sheets of paper, gather on the presses and rollers and are
carried everywhere by the air.
Th

Pedestrians
can't stop all the dust
that blows about

[3]

V,

To avoid dust and dirt in unpacking paper, first place case right side up. Remove nails
from top boards as shown in upper picture. Then loosen side boards as shown in lower
picture. For next steps see page 6

[4]
I.

LEAL_

THE TEST FOR DUST AND DIRT

IN PRESSROOMS

you have any doubts about the amount of dirt

and dust that is always present in any part of any
office or printing plant in the country, place a clean
sheet of white paper on a desk or table. Let it lie undisturbed for twenty-four hours. Then run your fingers across it. You will then have a fair idea of the
amount of dust and dirt that is constantly sifting on
to rollers and paper during the process of printing.
This is something that it is almost impossible to
overcome. An air-washing system might correct it,
but only in part.
F

PART OF THIS DUST AND DIRT

CAN BE ELIMINATED

are three kinds of dust and dirt that can be

very nearly eliminated by the proper handling of paper
when cutting it or printing it. These are the dust and
dirt that are picked up,by paper in transportation;the
dust that is formed in cutting, and the dust and lint
that are found on the surfaces of some kinds of
paper.
HERE

Sherlock says,
"This man has
been walking on
a muddy street"

[5]

LAY wrappers back carefully so that dust,cinders, broken particles from boards and dirt of
all kinds fall away from the case as shown in top picture. Carefully lift the sheet of board,
packed at the top and bottom of every case of Warren Paper, to remove any additional
dirt which may have sifted in under the wrappers. For next steps see page 8
[6]
I.

HOW PAPER IN TRANSPORTATION

PICKS UP DIRT

cars are well built. In the winter time

they are as nearly air-tight as it is practicable to make
them. Yet if you watch an efficient Pullman porter on
a good railroad, you will see him busy with a cloth,
wiping dust and small cinders from the window sill. If
you rub a white handkerchief over the window sill ten
minutes after the porter has wiped it, you will get
some idea of the amount of dirt that sifts into a PullLLMAN

man car.
A freight car is far from being as air-tight as a Pullman car, even when the doors are carefully battened
as they are when loaded with Warren Paper. Consequently cinders from the engine and dirt from the
roadbed are constantly sifting into the car. Cases become covered with dirt. Nothing except hermetical
sealing will keep this dirt out of a case.
It sifts between the boards onto the case lining.
Even when cases are tightly packed, cornerpieces of
waterproof wrapping set in for protection, and linings
well overlapped, the cinders and dirt may sift down
between the overlapped lining onto the top of the
paper and down the sides. In some instances, when
cars are bumped around a great deal, the dirt that

The porter who

dislikes dirt is
the busiest man
on the train

[7)

Somanft
,
'",
%.

firAr
i
l t!, .4114,
`31110-40nlite*

IF sheet of paper on top of case carries dust or dirt, fold it up so that no dirt falls down on
to sides of paper in case. See top picture. After paper is piled insert Test Sheet in side of
pile. Order number on this sheet identifies paper in case of any complaint

[8]

sifts down onto the edges of the paper will sift in between the sheets, no matter how tightly it is packed.
It will be readily seen, therefore, that the unpacking of a case of paper is not a matter to be undertaken
carelessly if dirt is to be kept out of paper.

UNPACKING A CASE OF PAPER

SO AS TO AVOID DIRT

ICTURES on pages 4, 6 and 8 show the logical steps

in unpacking a case to avoid letting dirt fall onto

the paper. They are as follows:
1st Be sure that case is right side up.
2nd Remove top boards.
3rd Loosen side boards.
4th Lay lining papers back carefully so that any
dirt on top falls away from the case.
5th Remove sheet of board packed underneath
wrappers.
6th Remove the printed test sheet and save to
insert in pile of paper going to pressroom.
This enables the mill to check back any
trouble or complaint, as it carries the mill
order number.

The up-to-dale
housewife now
carries dirt away
in a bag

{9]

TnEsE pictures show how particles broken off from the edges in cutting and lint accumulate on cutter. Unless this dust is wiped away, much of it is picked up by edges of
paper as it is fanned and pushed against the side plate

[10]
_Cm.mnInl_

7th If any dirt appears on the first sheet in the

case, fold it up carefully and throw it into
the waste-basket, so that dirt will not be
carried into pressroom.
8th When piling paper onto truck from the case,
examine sides and ends of pile for dust and
dirt. If any dirt shows, dust sides of pile to
remove dirt so that when paper is lifted onto
press or onto cutter, dirt will not fall on press
or sift between sheets in feeding or cutting.
9th Insert test sheet in pile as shown on page 8.
The fullest co-operation on the part of our printer
customers in this matter of opening cases will avoid
the possible spoilage of many plates and printing jobs.

"CUTTER DUST" SPOILS MANY

PRINTING JOBS

pictures on pages 10 and 12 show how "cutter

dust" accumulates on the paper cutter. It gathers
in the cutting of coated paper as well as in the cutting ofother grades, and it is always a factor to bereckoned with. In the cutting of coated papers, especially
if the knife happens to be slightly dull, small particles
of coating are broken and flaked from the edges of the
paper.
HE

They claim
they're taking away
all the ashes

Minh.

 IF dust is gathered up on the cutter as shown on page 10, it sifts down between sheets of
paper when the lift is winded and jogged as shown here. If dust is found on sides of lift,
it should be shaken off before the jogging operation

[12]

These particles not only gather very rapidly on the

cutter, but some are left hanging on the edges of the
paper. When the paper is "winded" and jogged, these
particles sift down onto the surface of the sheets of
paper, and unless they are wiped off by the brushes
on the press, fall on the plates, type and rollers, and
spoil the appearance of the job.

HANDLING PAPER AT THE CUTTER

TO AVOID DUST

HE pictures on pages 10 and 12 not only give some

idea of the amount of dust that accumulates during

the cutting operation, but they also give a fair idea of
how cutter dust can find its way between sheets of
paper during the process of cutting.
Unless care is used, every time the operator shoves
a lift of paper across the cutter, some dust is picked up
by the edges of the paper. When the paper is winded
and jogged, the dust sifts down into the lift. Whether
the lift is jogged or not, considerable dust is picked up,
unless the dust is carefully wiped from the cutter as it
accumulates. And if picked up at the cutter, it must
be eliminated on the press.

The office boy

can help a lot in
stirring up dust

[13]
NB-

Press
brush

UPPER picture shows how cutter dust and lint accumulate on feed-board of press. Much
of it also falls on rollers and ink plates. Lower picture shows brush in fine printing plant.
Note how it is loaded with dust and lint gathered from paper. Unless cleaned soon, dust
will drop onto printing form
[14]

HOW DUST AND DIRT ACCUMULATE

ON THE PRESS

EVERY printer is familiar with the piling up of lint

and cutter dust on the press. The upper picture on
page 14 shows a feed-board after paper has been fed
over it for a few hours. It is an easy matter to see how
dust and dirt can get onto rollers and ink plates, no
matter how careful the pressman is.

TO GET RID OF "CUTTER DUST"

CAREFUL ATTENTION IS NECESSARY
TO BRUSHES ON PRESS

N the lower halfof page 14 is a picture of a cylinder

press taken from such an angle that the brush can be

easily seen. Brushes similar to this are put on presses
for two reasons:
First, they remove any loose particles from the surface of the paper as the cylinder revolves.
Second, they help to hold the sheet of paper against
the cylinder so that it will lie flat to receive the
printing impression.
You will observe that the brush shown is filled with
lint and cutter dust. If the pressman should con-

I
;4.011
One way to keep
dust down is to
make mud of if

[15]

41

\
4

,1

THESE

pictures show cleaning of press brush. Press brush is scrubbed back and forth
with hand brush. After this it is tamped with back of hand brush to remove all loose particles before putting back on press

[16]

tinue printing with the brush in this condition, the

result would be that the dust being picked off the surface of the sheets would drop onto the plates in the
printing form, bringing about just such disturbing results as are shown on pages 20, 21, 24 and 25.
On page 16 are two pictures which show how brushes can be cleaned. How often this should be done, depends entirely on how free the paper is from dust and
dirt.
It will be seen that the cutter can save the pressman
considerable trouble by keeping the cutter free from
dust, so that it will not gather on the edges of the
paper and be jogged down onto the surfaces of the
sheets.
Care on the part of the man who opens the stock,
the cutter and the pressman will help the cause of
good printing immeasurably. If each man who handles the paper before it is printed and during the
printing does his part, it saves many wash-ups on the
press and insures the customer a fine job.

The hustling truck

driver removes lots
of dirtvia the air

[ 17]

WHAT DUST AND DIRT DO

TO PLATES

from
ON page 20 is a reproduction of a sheet printed
has fallen.

a halftone plate on which cutter dust

Sometimes this is mistaken for picking of the stock
or for holes in the surface of stock.
On page 26 is a reproduction of a halftone print
from which the surface of the stock has been picked
with an ink that was too "tacky." Only examination
with a magnifying glass will tell whether the poor
printing results have been caused by cutter dust,
"picking," or holes in stock. Holes in the surface of
paper are hard to find. Examination of the unprinted
surfaces with a strong glass, however, should show
holes similar to those on the printed surface.
The following paragraph explains the difference
in the appearance of printing spoiled by cutter dust
and that spoiled by picking.
On page 21 is a magnified reproduction of a sheet
printed after cutter dust has fallen on it. On page 27
is a magnified reproduction of a sheet from which the
surface has been lifted by a too "tacky" ink. If you
compare this with the magnified reproduction of the
cutter-dust impression, you will notice that the white
holes in the former are flat and white, while the holes

What goes up
must come down
soft coal smoke
is no exception

[18]

in the latter are full of shadows. These shadows show

that some of the fibers in the body stock have been
pulled up by the coating when the coating itself was
being lifted from the body stock. If the coating had
been weak, no pulled fibers would show.
Cutter-dust indications can be determined by examining first spoiled impression. White specks similar
to reproduction on page 20 will probably be found.
The specks on the first printing will be white, because the dust usually falls from the brushes on the
press onto the plates and type after they have been
inked. This dust on plates or type holds the sheet
away from the plate so that no printing appears on the
spots covered by the cutter dust. As the printing goes
on, the cutter dust accumulates on rollers and becomes embedded in the spaces between the dots in
the halftones. These spots take the ink just the same
as the halftone dots, and the result is that the reproduction is full of black spots, as shown on page 24.
On page 25 is a magnified reproduction of a plate
filled with dirt. You will notice that dots in many
places are joined together by the particles of dirt embedded in the open spaces. As has been pointed out,
such results can be avoided by careful attention to
the elimination of dirt in each handling of the stock.

A good healthy
engine can oblilerale
any landscape

[ 19 ]

THIS is a halftone reproduction of a printed result from a plate on which cutter dust and
lint have fallen after the plate has been inked. The particles of dust cover the ink so that
white spots appear all over the surface. See magnified section opposite

[ 20]

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THIS is a magnified section of the reproduction on the opposite page. Comparison of this
print with that shown on page 27 shows the difference between a print from plate printed
with cutter dust lying on the surface and a print from which the surface of the stock has
been pulled by stiff ink. The white spots on the reproduction on this page show the flat
white surface of the stock underneath. The spots in the reproduction on page 27 show not
flat surface but fibers pulled up when the coating is lifted from the surface

[21]

THIS is a halftone reproduction of a printed result from a plate on which a hard substance
(a brush bristle in this instance) had fallensee upper right-hand corner. The hard substance coming between the plate and the paper holds the paper from the plate, making the
white circle around it. See magnified section at top of opposite page

[22]

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THE magnified section at the top of this page shows more clearly the printed result caused
by a hard foreign substance adhering to a halftone plate,. as shown opposite. The magnified section below it shows the indention made in the paper by the hard substance. In
this case it was transferred to the paper with the printing impression, but was removed before the sheet was photographed. Often such material will adhere to the halftone plate and
reproduce on a number of sheets as shown on page 22. These magnified sections and those
on page 21 show the two most common causes of white spots in halftone reproductions
[ 23]

THIS is a reproduction of a halftone print reproduced from a plate into the screen of which
cutter dust and dirt were embedded. The black spots are caused by spots of dirt between
the dots in,the halftone. The rollers deposit ink on the wedged-in dirt and the ink is transferred to the sheet which is being printed. Similar spots are sometimes caused by ink pigment, but eliminating dust and dirt on the press will avoid one source of this kind of
trouble

[24]

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THIS is a magnified section of the reproduction shown on the opposite page. It shows how
the dirt embedded in the spaces between the dots of the halftone takes the ink from the

rollers and deposits it on the paper causing the picture to be spotted with black

[ 25]

TnIs is a reproduction of a printed sheet from which the part of the surface of a coated
stock has been pulled by a very stiff ink."Picking" that is caused by too stiff ink instead
of by weak coating can quickly be detected with a magnifying glass. When a stiff ink
pulls the coating from the stock, the fibers of the body stock will be pulled up as shown in
magnified section on opposite page

[26]

is a magnified section from reproduction on opposite page. You will notice that
the large,irregular spots show certain shadows which indicate that the smooth surface coating is gone from the stock, and that the coating when being lifted from the stock has
pulled up with it the fibers of the body stock
Tills

[27]

THIS shows a

Doyle Vacuum Sheet Cleaner attached to a cylinder press. Picture is

shown through courtesy of Britton & Doyle, manufacturers of pressroom appliances, of
Cleveland, Ohio

[28]

A VACUUM CLEANER
TO REMOVE DUST AND DIRT FROM PAPER
DURING PRINTING PROCESS

picture at the top of this page was furnished

by Britton & Doyle of Cleveland, Ohio, makers of
pressroom appliances. They say that this is an actual
photograph of the dirt gathered by the Doyle Vacuum
Sheet Cleaner in two days' run of the Copperplate
Section of the Cleveland Sunday Leader. It gives some
idea of the amount of dirt that may accumulate in a
pressroom.
HE

[29]

To Paper Salesmen

HE preceding

pages cover in a general way some of

the difficulties that arise through dust and dirt in the
pressroom. Discussion of these things with the printers
with whom you are in constant contact will undoubtedly
bring to light many phases of these subjects which will
be interesting and instructive.
We suggest that you talk over with them the various
difficulties and preventive measures outlined and relay
to us their suggestions and criticisms.

WARREN'S
Standard Printing Papers
ARE TESTED FOR QUALITIES REQUIRED
IN PRINTING, FOLDING AND BINDING
6cfarre,
Prmtin6Papers

WARREN'S CAMEODull Coated Book

Dull Surface
WARREN'S CAMEO POST CARD--D1111 Coated
Dull Surface
WARREN'S CAMEO COVERDull Coated
Dull Surface
WARREN'S SILKOTEDullo-Enamel Book
Semi-dull Surface
WARREN'S SILKOTE POST CARDDub-Enamel
.
Semi-dull Surface
. Semi-dull Strong Coated
WARREN'S SILKFOLDStrong Dullo-Enamel
WARRENFOLDStrong Coated
Glossy Strong Coated
Glossy Strong Coated
WARRENFOLD COATED WRITING
Glossy Surface
WARREN'S LUSTROSuperfine Coated Book
Glossy Surface
WARRENTOWN COATED BOOK
Glossy Surface
WARREN'S CUMBERLAND COATED BOOK
Glossy Surface
WARREN'S LITHO COATED
Super-calendered
WARREN'S LITHO SUPER
Machine Finish
WARREN'S LITHO MACHINE
WARREN'S OFFSET
Offset
Extra Smooth Surface
WARREN'S PRINTONESemi-coated
English Finish
WARREN'S LIBRARY TEXTFine English Finish .
Eggshell Finish
WARREN'S OLDE STYLEAntique Wove (Watermarked)
. Laid Antique
WARREN'S OLDE STYLEAntique Laid (Watermarked) .
WARREN'S OLDE STYLE MIMEOGRAPHLaid (Watermarked) . Mimeograph
Super-ca tendered
WARREN'S CUMBERLAND SUPER BOOK
Machine Finish
WARREN'S CUMBERLAND MACHINE BOOK
Medium Finish
WARREN'S "1854" PUBLISHER'S BOOK
Antique Finish
WARREN'S No. 66 BooKBulking Antique
for Thin Editions
WARREN'S THorrErrIndia Paper
Carbon Copy Bond
WARREN'S THINWEAVE
Makeready Tissue
WARREN'S FINELEAFMakeready Tissue
WARREN'S BOOKLET ENVELOPE PAPER
Sold only in Warren's Standard Booklet Envelopes

This number is printed on WARREN'S LUSTROSuperfine Coated Book, 25 x 38-80

[ 31 ]

July 2016
T H E

R E F L E C T E D

W O R K S

The names, symbols, logos, and all other intellectual property

of the companies, brands, and people appearing herein
are the exclusive property of their respective owners and should
not be interpreted as an endorsement of or by Sappi;
any legal and equitable rights in their intellectual property
are exclusively reserved to those owners.
SAPPI is a trademark of Sappi Limited. The SAPPI ETC . logo

and WARREN are trademarks of Sappi North America.

2016 Sappi North America. All Rights Reserved.