Which of the following is the most widely used heat insulating material for pipelines carrying steam ?

1.

Tar dolomite bricks followed by asbestos.

2.

Cotton followed by aluminium foil.

3.

Fireclay refractory followed by aluminium sheet.

4.

85% magnesia cement and glass wool.

In case of a supercooled solution, which is on the verge of crystallisation, the free energy of the solution as
compared to that of the solid is

1.

more or less; depends on the nature of solution

2.

same

3.

less

4.

more

The purpose of providing expansion bellows in the shell of tubular exchanger is to

1.

account for the uneven expansion of shell and tube bundles.

2.

impart structural strength.

3.

increase the heating load.

4.

facilitate increase of shell length, if needed.

The heat transfer co-efficient in film type condensation is __________ that for dropwise condensation

1.

lower than

2.

greater than

3.

is same as

4.

half

Pick out the wrong statement.

1.
The value of hydrostatic head increases with increase in vacuum in the effect in a multiple
effect evaporator system.

2.
Entering velocity of the liquid in the tubes of natural circulation evaporators is in the range of
0.3 to 0.9 metre/second.

3.
In a multiple effect evaporation system, the number of effects is limited by the total boiling
point rise.

4.

Duhring's plot is used for calculating the concentration of solution.

Multiple effect evaporation accounts for

1.

steam economy

2.

investment economy

3.

none of these

4.

lower operating costs

A __________ evaporator employs an annular downtake.

1.

horizontal

2.

basket type

3.

long tube vertical

4.

none of these

Which has the lowest Prandtl number ?

1.

Aqueous solution

2.

Liquid metal

3.

Water

4.

Lube oil

Prandtl number is the reciprocal of

1.

thermal diffusivity x Momentum

2.

Thermal diffusivity/Momentum diffusivity

3.

Mass diffusivity x Momentum diffusivity

4.

Thermal diffusivity x Mass diffusivity

Evaporation by thermocompression results in the

1.

saving of steam.

2.

realisation of multiple effect economy in a single effect.

3.

Both realisation of multiple effect economy in a single effect and saving of steam.

4.

none of these.

Pick out the wrong statement.

1.
In heat exchanger calculations (t)weighted is used in place of t, when it involves more than
one sequence of heating or cooling i.e., desuperheating & condensation or condensation & sub-cooling.

2.
In case of short tube vertical evaporators, area of central downtake is about 50 to 100% of the
total tube cross-sectional area.

3.
'Solvates' are chemical compounds formed by solute with their solvents. When water is the
solvent, then it is called a 'hydrate'.

4.

Heat transfer co-efficient during nucleate boiling is not influenced by the agitation imparted.

In a heat exchanger with steam outside the tubes, a liquid gets heated to 45C, when its flow velocity in
the tubes is 2 m/s. If the flow velocity is reduced to 1 m/s, other things remaining the same, the
temperature of the exit liquid will be

1.

initially decreases and remains constant thereafter.

2.

less than 45C

3.

more than 45C

4.

equal to 45C

In Fouriers law, the proportionality constant is called the

1.

thermal diffusivity

2.

Stefan-Boltzman constant

3.

heat transfer co-efficient

4.

thermal conductivity

Pick out the wrong statement.

1.

Thermal conductivity of a dry material is more than that of the damp material.

2.

Ratio of its capacity to economy equals the steam consumption in kg/hr in an evaporator.

3.

Bubble size increases with the dynamic viscosity of the liquid in case of nucleate pool boiling.

4.

Vaporisation of organic substances in evaporator mostly causes foam formation.

In case of a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger, the temperature drop in the fluid

1.

is inversely proportional to the resistance across which the drop occurs.

2.

and the wall are proportional to individual resistances.

3.

and the wall is not related.

4.

none of these.

Prandtl number for most of dry gases is about

1.

70

2.

0.001

3.

0.72

4.

150

Maximum water velocity in tubes of a 1-2 shell and tube heat exchanger may be around __________
metres/second.

1.

2.

10

3.

20

4.

30

Duhrings plot is of use in

1.

extractive distillation

2.

evaporation

3.

leaching

4.

absorption

Steam economy in case of a triple effect evaporator will be

1.

<1

2.

>1

3.

4.

between 0 and 1

In Biot number, the characteristic length used is the ratio of the __________ of the solid.

1.

perimeter to surface area

2.

surface area to perimeter

3.

volume to surface area

4.

surface area to volume

Boiling of milk in an open vessel is an example of __________ boiling.

1.

sub-cooled

2.

film

3.

saturated nucleate

4.

none of these

Mode of heat transfer involved in the cooling of air cooled internal combustion engine is

1.

none of these

2.

conduction

3.

natural convection

4.

forced convection

Heat exchangers operating, when the asymptotic range is reached,

1.

provide very large heat transfer co-efficient.

2.

results in making part of the heating surface inactive.

3.

none of these.

4.

results in abruptly increased velocity.

Which of the following has the minimum absorptivity ?

1.

Coal dust

2.

Aluminium foil

3.

Iron plates

4.

Refractory bricks

Which of the following has the lowest overall heat transfer co-efficient ?

1.

Molten sodium

2.

Dowtherm

3.

Air

4.

Water

The rate of heat transfer is a product of overall heat transfer co-efficient, the difference in temperature
and the

1.

Nusselt number

2.

heating volume

3.

heat transfer area

4.

none of these

In case of heat transfer by conduction in a hollow cylinder, __________ mean area is used to calculate the
heat transfer rate.

1.

geometric

2.

logarithmic

3.

either (a), (b) or (c)

4.

arithmetic

Which is the most suitable for the concentration of foamy & frothy liquors ?

1.

None of these

2.

Open pan evaporator

3.

Agitated film evaporator

4.

Long tube vertical evaporator

Correction is applied to LMTD for __________ flow.

1.

parallel

2.

cross

3.

none of these

4.

counter

For __________ Prandtl number values, the heat conduction will be negligible in the buffer zone.

1.

low

2.

extremely low

3.

high

4.

no

A black body when hot, emits heat radiation of __________ wavelengths.

1.

all

2.

small

3.

large

4.

one fixed

In natural convection heat transfer, the correlating parameter is the

1.

Eckert number

2.

Graetz number

3.

Grashoff number

4.

Bond number

One kilogram of water at 0C is changed to superheated steam of one atm pressure and 300 C. The
major heat consumption in the process will be to

1.

evaporate the water.

2.

heat the water from 0C to 100C.

3.

data insufficient, can't be predicted

4.

to superheat the steam.

In a gas-liquid shell and tube heat exchanger, the

1.
gases to be heated/cooled is normally routed through the shell side, because the corrosion
caused by the cooling water or steam condensate remain localised to the tubes.

2.

presence of a non-condensible gas decreases the condensing film co-efficient.

3.

all 'a', 'b' & 'c'

4.
gases under high pressure are routed through the tube side, because high pressure gases are
corrosive in nature.

In case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the minimum and maximum baffle spacing is respectively
(where, D = inside diameter of the shell)

1.

D/2 and 2 D

2.

D/5 and D

3.

D and 2 D

4.

D/4 and 2 D

Boiling point elevation of an ideal solution

1.

increases rapidly with temperature rise.

2.

decreases rapidly with temperature rise

3.

both in independent of pressure. and decreases rapidly with temperature rise

4.

in independent of pressure.

To reduce the tube side pressure drop for the same flow rate, the heat exchanger recomended is

1.

2-4 heat exchanger

2.

1-2 heat exchanger

3.

1-1 heat exchanger

4.

3-2 heat exchanger

In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the shell side fluid velocity can not be changed by changing the

1.

tube pitch

2.

tube diameter

3.

no. of baffles

4.

tube layout

Steady state one dimensional heat flow by conduction as given by Fouriers low does not assume that

1.

boundary surfaces are isothermal.

2.

there is no internal heat generation.

3.

material is anisotropic.

4.

constant temperature gradient exists.

Radiation heat losses from satisfactorily insulated high pressure boilar may be about __________ percent.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Heat transfer by conduction in the turbulent core of a fluid flowing through a heated pipe is negligible, if
the value of Prandtl number is

1.

0.8

2.

0.2

3.

0.4

4.

0.6

Value of Nusselt number [Nu = (hD/k)] for the heat transfer by conduction from a droplet or a spherical
particle to a surrounding stagnant film is

1.

10

2.

0.5

3.

100

4.

Sensible heat of hot industrial flue gases can not be recovered by a/an

1.

ceramic recuperator

2.

regenerator

3.

economiser

4.

none of these

Loss of heat from untagged steam pipe to the ambient air is by

1.

conduction

2.

radiation

3.

all of above

4.

convection

For turbulent flow in a tube, the heat transfer co-efficient is obtained from the Dittus-Boelter correlation.
If the tube diameter is halved and the flow rate is doubled, then the heat transfer co-efficient will change
by a factor of

1.

6.1

2.

1.74

3.

4.

1.63

In pipe flow, heat is transferred from hot wall to the liquid by

1.

conduction only

2.

forced convection and conduction.

3.

forced convection only.

4.

free and forced convection.

With increase in temperature, the total emissivity of conductors

1.

increases

2.

decreases

3.

remains same

4.

decreases linearly

In a heat exchanger, the rate of heat transfer from the hot fluid to the cold fluid

1.

varies directly as the area and the LMTD.

2.

directly proportional to LMTD and inversely proportional to the area.

3.

varies as square of the area.

4.

none of these.

Calburn analogy is applicable for the value of Prandtl number from

1.

0.001 to 1

2.

0.6 to 120

3.

0.5 to 5

4.

120 to 400

Heat exchanger tubes are never made of

1.

lead

2.

plain carbon steel

3.

stainless steel

4.

copper

The Nusselt number for fully developed (both thermally and hydrodynamically) laminar flow through a
circular pipe whose surface temperature remains constant is

1.

88.66

2.

1.66

3.

3.66

4.

5.66

Small scale evaporation is done in a

1.

steam jacketed kettle

2.

multiple effect evaporator

3.

heat exchanger

4.

condenser

At constant temperature, the thermal conductivities of gases __________ with rise in pressure.

1.

increase

2.

remain unchanged

3.

decrease

4.

may increase or decrease; depends on the pressure

Fruit juice (a heat sensitive material) can be concentrated in a __________ evaporator.

1.

high pressure

2.

long tube

3.

falling film

4.

none of these

The most conducive surface for dropwise condensation to occur is the __________ surface.

1.

coated

2.

oily

3.

glazed & polished

4.

smooth

Tubes are held between top and bottom tube sheets in Calenderia type evaporator by keeping

1.

both the tube sheets fixed.

2.

both the tube sheets floating.

3.

the top tube sheet floating and bottom tube sheet fixed.

4.

the top tube sheet fixed and the bottom tube-sheet floating.

Radiator of an automobile engine is a __________ type of heat exchanger.

1.

direct contact

2.

co-current

3.

cross-current

4.

counter-current

Multiple effect evaporators ar used to

1.

decrease the steam economy & increase the capacity.

2.

increase the steam economy & decrease the capacity.

3.

increase the steam economy & the capacity.

4.

decrease the steam economy & the capacity.

In an interphase heat transfer process, the equilibrium state corresponds to equality of temperature in
the two phases, while the condition for equilibrium in an interphase mass transfer process is equality of

1.

chemical potentials

2.

concentrations

3.

activity co-efficients

4.

mass transfer co-efficients

Low thermal conductivity of heat insulating materials is due to its

1.

high proportion of air space.

2.

high specific heat

3.

none of these.

4.

dense structure.

Which of the following has maximum thermal conductivity ?

1.

Nitrogen

2.

Coal

3.

Iron

4.

Tar

Wavelength corresponding to the maximum energy is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature.
This is __________ law.

1.

Stefan's

2.

Kirchoffs

3.

Dalton's

4.

Wien's

A concentric double pipe heat exchanger as compared to the shell and tube heat exchanger for the same
heat load requires

1.

more space.

2.

less heating surface.

3.

lower maintenance cost.

4.

none of these.

Heat sensitive materials can be concentrated in an evaporator employing

1.

none of these

2.

high pressure

3.

vacuum

4.

high residence time

In a co-current double pipe heat exchanger used for condensing saturated steam over the inner tube, if
the entrance and exit conditions of the coolant are interchanged, then the rate of condensation will

1.

remain unchanged

2.

increase

3.

either increase or decrease; depends on the coolant flow rate

4.

decrease

Maximum heat transfer rate is achieved in __________ flow.

1.

laminar

2.

counter-current

3.

turbulent

4.

co-current

Kg of liquid evaporated per hour in an evaporator is defined as its

1.

capacity

2.

steam load

3.

economy

4.

none of these

The driving potential for the crystal growth during crystallisation is the __________ of the solution.

1.

concentration

2.

super-saturation

3.

density

4.

viscosity

jH factor for heat transfer depends upon the __________ number.

1.

Reynolds

2.

Biot

3.

Prandtl

4.

Nusselt

In a shell and tube heat exchanger, square pitch compared to triangular pitch

1.

gives a higher shell side pressure drop.

2.

gives a lower shell side pressure drop.

3.

can pack more surface area into a shell of given diameter.

4.

none of these.

Open pan evaporators are preferred to be used, when the solution to be concentrated is

1.

highly viscous

2.

scaling

3.

corrosive

4.

salty

A wall has two layers of materials A and B; each made of a different material. Both the layers have the
same thickness. The thermal conductivity of materialA is twice that of B. Under the equilibrium, the
temperature difference across the wall is 36C. The temperature difference across the layer A is
__________ C.

1.

14

2.

18

3.

12

4.

In a forward feed multiple effect evaporator, the pressure is

1.

same in all effects

2.

dependent on the number of effects

3.

lowest in last effect

4.

highest in last effect

Pick out the correct statement.

1.
In steady state heat conduction, the only property of the substance which determines the
temperature distribution, is the thermal conductivity.

2.

In heat transfer by forced convection, Grashoff number is very important.

3.

In unsteady state heat conduction, heat flows in the direction of temperature rise.

4.

1 kcal/hr.m.C is equal to 1 BTU/hr. ft.F.

The maximum heat transfer co-efficient from steam heating will be attained when the steam is

1.

wet

2.

saturated

3.

supersaturated

4.

none of these

Steam trap is used to

1.

stop the supply of steam.

2.

condense the steam flowing in the pipeline.

3.

none of these.

4.

remove water resulting from partial condensation of steam.

Sensible heat absorbed by 1 lb of water when it is heated from 32 to 212F may be around __________
BTU.

1.

3.97

2.

970

3.

180

4.

data insufficient, can't be predicted

In a shell and tube heat exchanger, floating head is used for

1.

low pressure drop.

2.

large temperature differentials.

3.

high heat transfer co-efficient.

4.

less corrosion of tubes.

Three material A, B and C of equal thick-nes and of thermal conductivity of 20, 40 & 60 kcal/hr. m. C
respectively are joined together. The temperature outside of A and C are 30C and 100C respectively.
The interface between B and C will be at a temperature of __________ C.

1.

70

2.

40

3.

80

4.

90

Which of the following parameters of the fluid is not very important, while deciding its route in a shell
and tube heat exchanger?

1.

density

2.

pressure

3.

viscosity

4.

Corrosiveness & fouling characteristics