PROCEDURE

TASK 2
1. A stage micrometer was placed directly on the stage.
2. With the stage micrometer in focus, the eyepiece was rotated until the ocular micrometer
was aligned to the stage micrometer.
3. The scale was scanned along and the point where the ocular micrometer scale was
directly aligned to the scale of the stage micrometer found.
4. Then, the calibration factor was calculated of one ocular division at different objectives.

TASK 3
1. Eight prepared slides of different types of ECM there were elastic tissue, lily anther
mature pollen, skin thin human, human blood smear, mammal intestine injected sections,
hyaline cartilage, compact bone and chick embryo was supplied.
2. The prepared slide was examined under the best magnification.
3. The size of the prepared slide was calculated.

RESULT
TASK 2
4x objectives
1.1 mm = 1
1.1 mm = 25 OD
1 OD = 0.01mm/ 25 OD
At 4x objectives, 1 OD = 0.0004 mm/OD

Calibration Factor using 4x objectives,

= (0.0004mm/ 1 OD) x (1000m/ 1mm)

= 0.4 m/ OD

10x objectives
1.1 mm = 1
1.1 mm = 10 OD
2
OD = 0.01 mm/ 10 OD
At 10x objectives, 1 OD = 0.001mm/ OD
Calibration Factor using 10x objectives.
= (0.001 mm/ OD) x (1000m/ 1mm)
= 1m/ OD

40x objectives
1.1 mm = 1
1.1 mm = 2.5 OD
2
OD = 0.01 mm/ 2.5 OD
At 40x objectives, 1 OD = 0.004 mm/ OD
Calibration Factor using 40x objectives,
= (0.004 mm/ OD) x (1000m/ mm)
= 4m/ OD

100x objectives
1.1 mm = 1
1.1 mm = 1 OD

OD = 0.01/ 1 OD

At 100x objectives, 1 OD = 0.01 mm/ OD

Calibration Factor using 100x objectives,
= (0.01 mm/ 1 OD) x (1000m/ 1 mm)
= 10 m/ OD

TASK 3

Mammal intestines injected sections

Function:
-

Ingested carbohydrate
Absorbed protein

Using compound microscope.

Total magnification

= ocular x objectives
= 10 x 40
= 400x magnification

Cell size

= OD x CF
= 15 OD x 4m/ OD
= 60 m

Hyaline cartilage
Function:
-

support and reinforce

has resilient cushioning properties
reduces friction between bone surface

Using compound microscope.

Total magnification

= ocular x objectives
= 10 x 10
= 100x magnification

Cell size

= OD x CF
= 25 OD x 1m/ OD
= 25 m

Compact bone
Function:
-

protects organs
structural support give body its shape
facilitates to support whole body

Using compound microscope.

Total magnification

= ocular x objectives
= 10 x 40
= 400x magnification

Cell size

= OD x CF
= 16 OD x 4m/ OD
= 64 m

Chick embryo 20-22hr

Function:
-

somites formed in the mesoderm at the left and right side of the neutral walls and become
visible

Using compound microscope.

Total magnification

= ocular x objectives
= 10 x 10
= 100x magnification

Cell size

= OD x CF
= 12 x 1m/ OD
= 12m

DISCUSSION
In Task 2 we have to expert the skill of calibrating prior in order to measuring field of

view and cell size using the ocular and stage microscope. Before calculate the calibration factor
at different objectives, it is necessary to calibrate the scale. The ocular micrometer scale and
stage micrometer scale must be align or parallel to each other. We have to scan along the scale
when the stage micrometer and ocular micrometer in focus then find the point where the ocular
micrometer scale is directly aligned to the scale of the stage micrometer. We try so many times to
align both micrometer scale maybe because of wrongly rotate the eyepiece or maybe three of us
wear spectacles so every time one of us calibrate the scale the focusing on the microscope
changes. Using 4x objectives, 0.01 mm = 25 OD. So, 1 OD = 0.0004 mm/OD. Thus, calibration
factor at 4 x objectives is 0.4m/OD. Using 10x objectives, 0.01 mm = 10 OD. So, 1 OD =
0.001mm/ OD. Calibration factor at 10x objectives is 1m/ OD. Using 40x objectives, 0.01 mm
= 2.5 OD. So, 1 OD = 0.004 mm/OD. Thus, calibration factor at 40x objectives is 4m/OD.
Using 100x objectives, 0.01mm = 1 OD. So, 1 OD = 0.01mm/OD. Thus, calibration factor at
100x objectives is 10m/OD. The higher the objectives used the higher the calibration factor.
Since 100x objectives is the highest magnification we need to use immersion oil. The role of
immersion oil is maximizing the amount of light producing image. Between the slide and
objectives lens the light pass through the air and the light will refracted. So, when the immersion
is put on the cover slip of the slip the lens will touch the oil. So the light will not pass through the
air and directly pass through the oil and the refraction will reduced.
We have examined prepared slide of connective tissue in Task 3. Extracellular matrices is the
complex structural that combine together and supporting the cells as regulate number of cellular
function. Mammal intestines injected section function as ingested carbohydrate and absorbed
protein. The muscularis mucosa responsible in segmental contraction and peristaltic movement.
The submucosa is moderately dense irregular connective tissue and serosa has small amount of
connective tissue also do play important role in digestion. In hyaline cartilages there are lacuna,
chondrocyte in lacunae and matrix. Chondrocyte are cells found in cartilage connective tissue.
Chondrocyte produce and maintain the matrixes that keep bones from rubbing together. Lamellas
in compact bone are growing like ring of tree. It keeps the support and structural strength.
Furthermore, the hanversion canal supply oxygen and provide nutrient to the bone. Canaliculi is
important to provide route by which the material distributed to canaliculi. Next is chick embryo
20-22 hr. Somite formed in the mesoderm at left and right of the notochord. From all of the
function of extracellular matrices above we know that in order to organ function well there are

complex structural that supporting the cell. Extracellular matrices is non-cellular component that
provides not only physical scaffolding for the cellular constituent but also regulating the behavior
of cells in multicellular organism. To get the cell size of the sample we use the equation ocular
division times calibration factor. The magnification use also different depends on the best image
formed for particular sample slide.
CONCLUSION
In this lab we determined the different types of microscope which is compound
microscope and dissecting microscope and identifying their parts as well as compare and contrast
between their function. Compound microscope mainly used to view small and thin object such as
connective tissue while dissecting microscope has a larger working space to view large specimen
such as ant. Calculating the calibrating factor