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College of Architecture
Color Codes
Nom InsideVolumeLengthVolume
Project Nam
User Input
Size
Project No.
Calculated
(ins)
Reference Data
3/8
0.49
0.001
1/2
0.62
0.002
3/4
0.82
0.004
20
0.07
30
0.18
Cylindrical / Horizontal
Properties of Water
Equipt Dscr
Volume
Temp Sp.Vol
(replace/edit(cu.ft.)
Temp Sp.Vol
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.006
1 1/4
1.38
0.010
1 1/2
1.61
0.014
30
0.42
0.00
2.07
0.023
20
0.47
2 1/2
2.47
0.033
30
1.00
3.07
0.051
20
1.03
Chillers - Evap 20
35
###
160
###
2.44
3 1/2
3.55
0.069
Chillers - Cond
40
###
0.12
170
###
2.81
4.03
0.088
50
###
0.12
180
###
3.19
5.05
0.139
60
###
0.25
190
###
3.56
6.07
CW Pumps
70
###
0.31
200
###
3.94
7.89
Boilers - WT
80
###
0.44
210
###
4.38
10
10.02 0.548
HW Pumps
90
###
0.62
220
###
4.81
12
11.94 0.777
Heat Exchangers
100
###
0.81
230
###
5.25
14
13.13 0.940
Cooling Coils
110
###
1.06
240
###
5.75
16
15.00 1.227
120
###
1.25
250
###
6.25
18
16.88 1.553
130
###
1.56
260
###
6.75
20
18.81 1.931
0.00
140
###
1.81
270
###
7.44
22
20.75 2.348
0.00
150
###
2.13
280
###
7.88
24
22.64 2.796
0.00
Cooling Towers
CHW Pumps
10
50
Heating Coils
Radtrs, Convtrs
Fan Coil Units
30
Terminal Equipt
Miscell Equipt
10
270
Contigency Factor (
10
###
0.201
50
10.03
0.340
30
10.19
20
15.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
70
###
26
25.25 3.477
0.00
28
27.25 4.050
0.00
30
29.25 4.666
0.00
32
31.25 5.326
0.00
34
33.25 6.030
0.00
36
35.25 6.777
0.00
2.65
0.00
30
90
0.004
110
0.008
130
0.012
150
0.018
100
0.006
120
0.010
140
0.015
160
0.021
100
120
150
200
280
E = exp 13.4
22.3
40.1
75.7
155.8
200
dt = T2-T1 = 160
(V2/V1 - 1) = 0.044
200
3.94
40
Steel
200
Pa / P1 =
0.588
7E-006
###
Pa / P2 =
0.368
P1 / P2 =
0.625
V2
###
Open
Vs
297
P1
25.0
40.0
psi
2.31
= ft
14.7
" Hg
1.33
= ft
90
33.9
ft3
20
12
gals
Pa' / Po = 0.097
24
3*a*dt =
7.5
0.003
= gals
8.334 = lbs
326784321.xls
70
College of Architecture
Illinois Institute Of Technology (IIT), Chicago
Maxim Operating Pressure (f Po
350
ft3
62.4 = lbs
326784321.xls
College of Architecture
Basis of Sizing
(1) As a Percentage of Syst
Weight Volume
Tank Size
3' above highest point of system, & (3) connected to pump suc
gallons
lbs
ft3
D (in)
L (ft)
Vt =
111
928
15
24.0
4.7
Vt =
804
13
24.0
4.1
Vt =
Vs * (e/100) * 1.1
Exp Vol + 10%
1508
24
24.0
7.7
Vt =
Fill Pressure (Pf): The tank location w.r.t. the piping system affects the initial fill or
F=
minim
frictional
pressloss
at the
from
tank.
tank to pump in order to
The tank can be at three possible locations with respect to the system as shown maintain +ve venting pressure (ft)
Pf = Initial or
Pf
Pa/Pf
A = atmospheric pressure (ft)
Min
Pa/Pf
Pf/Po 1-Pf/Po
Fill
Pressure
Location of Tank
ft H2O
- Pa/Po
H = system static head (ft) = distance between
(ft)
(1) Tank is above the piping Pf = V + F + 65.9 0.51
0.42
0.19 0.81
tank and highest point of system
(2) Tank is on suction side o
Pf = V + H + 135.9
0.25
0.15
0.39
0.61
Pf = V + PH + 115.9
0.29
0.20
0.33
0.67
110
Vs =
297
150
dt =
V2 at T2 0.016
Location of Tank
Denom Vt gals
E = e*Vs
40
Lbs
ft3
D (ft)
0.42
96
798
13
24.0
4.1
0.15
262
2185
35
24.0
11.1
0.20
204
1704
27
24.0
8.7
193
1608
26
24.0
8.2
Vs =
297
200
T1 to T2
DenomGallons
Lbs
ft3
D (ft)
0.42
189
###
25.2
24.0
8.0
0.15
517
###
69.0
24.0
22.0
0.20
403
###
53.8
24.0
17.1
410
3419
55
24.0
17.4
T=
Vs =
297
(0.00041 x T - 0.0466) 79
Location of Tank
DenomGallons
Lbs
ft3
D (ft)
L (ft)
0.81
97
809
13
24.0
4.1
0.61
129
1074
17
24.0
5.5
0.67
118
982
16
24.0
5.0
205
1709
27
24.0
8.7
297
120
Vs =
E=
0.01
Num = E*Vs = 22
Location of Tank
DenomGallons
Lbs
ft3
D (ft)
L (ft)
0.19
118
985
16
24.0
5.0
0.39
57
478
24.0
2.4
0.33
67
560
24.0
2.9
241
2010
32
24.0
10.3
Vt =
ASHRAE 1987
(Pa/Pf) - (Pa/Po)
Vt =
Vs *
L (ft)
90
L (ft)
(0.00041 x T - 0.0466) 79
Location of Tank
Vt =
Vt =
(0.00041*T - 0.0466) * Vs
2 * [(Pa/Pf) - (Pa/Po)]
ASHRAE 1987
Vt =
Vt =
(0.00041*T - 0.0466) * Vs
1 - (Pf/Po)
E * Vs
ASHRAE 1987
[ 1 - (Pf/Po) ]
Vs *
[(V2/V1) - 1] - (3*a
ASHRAE
[ 1 - (P1/P2) ] 2000
326784321.xls
College of Architecture
326784321.xls
College of Architecture
2 ft if unknown)
pump in order to
stance between
Tank (gals)
ed from 40 F to T
operating at 200 F
326784321.xls
College of Architecture
326784321.xls
College of Architecture
PRESSURIZATION TANKS
Pressurization tanks include expansion tanks and compression tanks. The term expansion tank is used with low
pressure systems where the tank is located at the highest point of the piping system (open or closed) and the ta
water surface is at atmospheric pressure. The height location of the expansion tank determines the static press
head available to the terminal equipment. The term compression tank applies to pressurized closed piping syste
Make-up water is supplied through the pressurization tank.
Pressurization tank types include (1) Open and (2) Closed
Closed pressurization tank construction can be:
A regular tank where the pressurizing air or gas is in contact with the liquid.
A diaphragm tank where the air charge and liquid are permanently separated by a diaphragm to prevent
corrosion of the tank or contamination of the fluid.
System Volume
Pressurization tank size is based on the volume capacity of the system. System volume consists of:
the physical inside volume of all the pipe sections in the system. The pipe volume is converted into gallon
liquid using the density of the liquid.
the liquid storage capacity of all the equipment in the system. The physical volume storage capacity of th
terminal equipment, primary equipment and miscellaneous equipment, etc., that is converted to liquid
volume using liquid density.
Open Tank Sizing
Open tank sizing assumes that the tank is:
vented to the atmosphere
at least three feet above the highest point in the piping system
connected to the suction side of the pump
Tank Volume
The tank volume size in gallons is estimated as a percentage of the total system volume The minimum reco
volume is 6% in accordance with 1987ASHRAE Handbook. An alternative to sizing the tank based on percenta
system volume, the system liquid expansion volume can be used to determinethe tank size. This expansion
is the difference in volumes at the maximum temperature of the piping system and at the minimum temperatur
(2)
(3)
Pf = V + F + A
Pf = V + H + A
Pf = V + PH + A
In all three cases, the atmospheric pressure A is added to obtain absolute pressure
You must specify either the initial fill pressure Pf or the system static head H.
Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.
326784321.xls
College of Architecture
[( ) ( ) ]
Vt =
Pa
Pf
Pa
Po
( 0 . 041 x T - 0 . 0466 ) x V s
[( ) ( )]
Pa
Pf
gm to prevent
( 0 . 041 x T - 0 . 0466 ) x V s
Vt =
[ ( )]
ge capacity of the
onverted to liquid
Vt =
Pa
Po
e Vs
[ ( )]
1-
Pf
Po
Pf
Po
psia
###
###
###
###
###
###
Press.
120
###
###
F
90
Factor
e
0.004
130
140
###
###
100
110
0.006
0.008
150
160
###
###
120
130
0.010
0.012
170
180
190
###
###
###
140
150
0.015
0.018
200
210
###
###
160
0.021
220
230
###
###
240
250
###
###
260
280
###
###
300
###
Highest
um pressure Pf Temp
me in order to
###
###
###
nt of piping system
e attop of system
Sp.Vol
Exp: ft3
ft3 / lb
0.0160
0.0160
###
###
0.0161 1.6667
0.0161 1.7500
0.0161 2.0000
0.0161 2.1667
0.1338
0.1339
8.6900
10.6845
0.1342
0.1344
13.5480
15.4570
0.0162 2.4286
0.0162 2.5000
0.0163 2.7778
0.0163 2.9000
0.0163 3.0909
0.1348
0.1350
18.0111
18.8850
0.1354
0.1358
0.1362
21.4167
22.6086
24.3415
0.0164 3.2500
0.0165 3.4615
0.1366
0.1371
25.7855
27.6485
0.0165 3.6429
0.0166 3.8000
0.0166 3.9375
0.0167 4.1176
0.1376
0.1381
29.2453
30.6292
0.1386
0.1392
31.8401
33.3988
0.0168 4.2778
0.0168 4.4211
0.0169 4.6000
0.0170 4.7619
0.1398
0.1403
34.7843
36.0240
0.1410
0.1417
37.5564
38.9429
0.0171 4.9091
0.0173 5.2500
0.0175 5.5769
0.1423
0.1438
0.1454
40.2033
43.1035
45.8781
326784321.xls
College of Architecture
PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS
Liquid
Glycol
Brine
Petrol
Properties
-30
67.55
1.08
190.00
0.73
78.21
1.25
77.50
0.67
57.40
0.92
161.50
0.48
45.50
0.73
9.80
0.48
Temperature
30
60
100
150
62.42
62.37
62.00
61.20
1.00
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.00
12.17
7.39
4.76
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
67.11
66.55
65.74
64.68
1.08
1.07
1.05
1.04
85.40
48.60
22.60
12.50
0.76
0.78
0.81
0.85
77.71
77.21
76.09
1.25
1.24
1.22
34.70
21.80
8.90
0.68
0.69
0.71
56.10
54.90
53.00
51.10
0.90
0.88
0.85
0.82
80.70
48.30
29.10
7.50
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
44.90
44.70
44.30
42.40
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.68
8.80
7.00
5.50
3.00
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
Satur.
Press
psig
0
2.5
10.3
20.7
34.5
52.3
119.9
232.6
407.9
210
59.81
0.96
3.20
1.01
63.12
1.01
6.40
0.88
Small
1 - 3
1
1.4
2.2
3.6
5
6.3
7.25
8.1
8.75
9.25
9.6
10
Medium Large
4 to 12 14 - 48
1
1
1.35
1.3
1.9
1.6
2.7
1.8
3.5
2
4.2
2.1
4.73
2.2
5.2
2.3
5.58
2.4
5.93
2.6
6.23
2.86
7
3
326784321.xls
College of Architecture
ressure Loss
olt Industries
326784321.xls