PCB/PDB1043

Submission Date: 15 Oct. 2014

Assignment # 1
BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS &
ENERGY TRANSFER BY HEAT, WORK & MASS

1. What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties? Separate the list P, F,
V, v, , T, a, m, L, t and V into intensive, extensive and non-properties. Is it possible to
convert one extensive property to an intensive one?
2. You dive 15 ft down in the ocean. What is the absolute pressure there?
3. What is the smallest temperature in degrees Celsius you can have? Kelvin?
4. The standard acceleration (at sea level and 45 latitude) due to gravity is 9.80665 m/s2.
What is the force needed to hold a mass of 2 kg at rest in this gravitational field? How
much mass can a force of 1 N support?
5. A gasoline line is connected to a pressure gage through a double-U manometer as shown
in the figure. If the reading of the pressure gage is 370 kPa, determine the gage pressure of
the gasoline line.

6. A tank has two rooms separated by a membrane. Room A has 0.5lbm air and volume 18ft3,
room B has 30ft3 air with density 0.05lbm/ft3. The membrane is broken and the air comes
to a uniform state. Find the final density of the air.
7. A hydraulic lift has a maximum fluid pressure of 80. What should the piston-cylinder
diameter be so it can lift a mass of 1600 lbm?
8. Electric power is to be generated by installing a hydraulic turbine-generator at a site 160
mbelow the free surface of a large water reservoir that can supply water at a rate of 3500
kg/ssteadily. Determine the power generation potential.
9. Consider a river flowing toward a lake at an average velocity of 3 m/s at a rate of 500 m3/s
at a location 90 m above the lake surface. Determine the total mechanical energy of the
river water per unit mass and the power generation potential of the entire river at that
location.

PCB/PDB1043

Submission Date: 15 Oct. 2014

10. A. In what forms can energy cross the boundaries of a closed system?
B. When is the energy crossing the boundaries of a closed system heat and when is it work?
C. What is an adiabatic process? What is an adiabatic system?
D.A gas in a pistoncylinder device is compressed, and as a result its temperature rises. Is this
a heat or work interaction?
11. A man with a mass of 80 kg is pushing a cart that has a mass of 45 kg with its contents up
a ramp that is inclined at an angle of 10 from the horizontal. Determine the work needed
to move along this ramp a distance of 30 m considering (a) the man (b) the cart and its
contents as the system. Express your answer in both N.m and kJ.
12. The force F required to compress a spring a distance x is given by F
F0 = kx, where k is the spring constant and F0 is the preload. Determine
the work required to compress a spring whose spring constant is k =
3.5kN/cm a distance of one cm starting from itsfree length where F0= 0
kN. Express answer in both N.m and kJ.
13. A damaged 1200-kg car is being towed by a truck. Neglecting the
friction, air drag, and rolling resistance, determinethe extra power required (a) for constant
velocity on a level road, (b) for constant velocity of 50 km/h on a 30 (from horizontal)
uphill road, and (c) to accelerate on a level road from stop to 90 km/h in 12 s.
14. An adiabatic closed system is raised 100 m at a location where the gravitational
acceleration is 9 m/s2. Determine the energy change of this system, in kJ/kg.

15. A classroom that normally contains 40 people is to be air-conditioned with window airconditioning units of 5-kW cooling capacity. A person at rest may be assumed to dissipate heat
at a rate of about 360 kJ/h. There are 10 light bulbs in the room, each with a rating of 100 W.
The rate of heat transfer to the classroom through the walls and the windows is estimated to be
15,000 kJ/h. If the room air is to be maintained at a constant temperature of 21C, determine
the number of window air-conditioning units required.