Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Telugu Alphabet
C P Brown Academy
The Alpha Foundation
Hyderabad
www.mohanpublications.com
Foreword
-
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`Q =~=
TELUGU ALPHABET
Vowels (JK
: Acculu)
*
far
wood
.lu
J P W D
L T | |
Z U S
X F B
come
.lu
look
bit
ru
.
ru
.
cool
.rusi.
root
ai
get
loop
feel
rotate
stake
au
oat
am
.
mite
out
ah.
JO J
some
half
* a stands for J and sounds like o as in come. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.
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Consonants (
Hallulu)
36 Characters
*
kh
gh
H Y Q
K K K [
~ &
@ ~ _ _
` ^ ^ ^
khaki
silk
.c
.capa
church
.j
jhansi
th
.
take
.
tabala
nilakantha
.
dh
.
n.
dh
though
dhoti
}
#
prana
.
- asadha
. .
bird
thumb
jug
~
sanjna
d.
th
~
n
jh
t.
prajna
.jabili
witch
V
[
ghost
go
ch
.
n
nature
* k stands for H and sounds like k as in silk. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.
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ph
bh
| =
~
= +
H
cup
phone
bat
young
bharat
l.
rust
s.
sastry
levy
home
sun
ship
r.
ksh
-- kalimata
.
lump
month
error
raksha
Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants
( L
H~ ::
Ubhayaksharalu)
They are
6
.lu .lu-
K [ |
.c
.j
www.mohanpublications.com
ru
.
JK U q^O Q "e?
How to write Vowels?
come
far
bit
feel
wood
cool
ru
.
.rusi
.
ru
.
root
www.mohanpublications.com
get
stake
ai
mite
rotate
au
oat
out
am
.
some
ah.
half
8
www.mohanpublications.com
U q^O Q "e?
How to write Consonants?
k
kh
silk
khaki
gh
go
ghost
.
n
.
prajna
c
ch
church
witch
jh
jug
jhansi
~
n
~
sanjna
www.mohanpublications.com
t.
th
.
take
nilakantha
.
d.
dh
.
bird
asadha
. .
n.
prana
.
th
tabala
thumb
dh
though
dhoti
nature
10
www.mohanpublications.com
ph
cup
phone
bh
bat
bharat
m
month
y
young
rust
l.
lump
kalimata
.
levy
sastry
www.mohanpublications.com
11
s.
ship
s
sun
h
home
ksh
raksha
.r
error
12
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Symbols of Gunintamulu
.
Telugu Letter
Roman Character
Symbol
How to write
ru
.
ru
ai
au
JO
am
.
ah
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13
Q}O`=
'H
14
(Gunintamulu)
.
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
M
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
H
H
H
H
H$
H$
H
H
H
H
H
H
HO
H
ka
ka
ki
ki
ku
ku
kru
.
kru
.
ke
ke
kai
ko
ko
kau
kam
.
kah.
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
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J
www.mohanpublications.com
Y
M
d
v
Y
Y
kha
kha
khi
khi
khu
khu
Y$
khru
.
Y$
M
M
M
M
M
M
YO
Y
khru
.
khe
khe
khai
kho
kho
khau
kham
.
khah.
Q}O`=
'Q
(Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)
Q}O`= (ga-Gunintamu)
' Q}O`= (gha-Gunintamu)
.
.
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
{
{
{
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J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
Q
Q
y
w
Q
Q
Q$
Q$
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
QO
Q
ga
ga
gi
gi
gu
gu
gru
.
gru
.
ge
ge
gai
go
go
gau
gam
.
gah.
{
{
{
{
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{
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{
{
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{
{
J
P
W
D
L
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|
|
Z
U
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JO
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www.mohanpublications.com
$
$
O
gha
gha
ghi
ghi
ghu
ghu
ghru
.
ghru
.
ghe
ghe
ghai
gho
gho
ghau
gham
.
ghah.
15
Q}O`=
'K
16
(Gunintamulu)
.
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
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{
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J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
K
K
z
p
K
K
K$
K$
K
K
K
K
K
K
KO
K
ca
ca
ci
ci
cu
cu
cru
.
cru
.
ce
ce
cai
co
co
cau
cam
.
cah.
{
{
{
{
{
{
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{
{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
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|
|
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J
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K
K
z
p
K
K
K$
K$
K
K
K
K
K
K
KO
K
cha
cha
chi
chi
chu
chu
chru
.
chru
.
che
che
chai
cho
cho
chau
cham
.
chah.
Q}O`=
(Gunintamulu)
.
*
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
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{
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{
{
{
{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
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U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
[
*
l
r
A
E
[$
[$
*
*
*
*
*
*
[O
[
jru
.
je
je
jai
jo
jo
jau
jam
.
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
~ {
jah.
~ { J ~
ja
ja
ji
ji
ju
ju
jru
.
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J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
~
~
i
s
~
~
~$
~$
~
~
~
~
~
~
~O
jha
jha
jhi
jhi
jhu
jhu
jhru
.
jhru
.
jhe
jhe
jhai
jho
jho
jhau
jham
.
jhah.
17
Q}O`=
'@
18
(Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)
Q}O`= (ta-Gunintamu)
'~ Q}O`= (tha-Gunintamu)
.
.
.
.
\
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
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{
J
P
W
D
L
T
|
|
Z
U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
@
\
\
\
@
@
@$
@$
>
>
>
\
\
\
@O
@
ta
.
ta
.
ti.
ti.
.tu
.tu
.
.tru
.
.tru
te
.
te
.
tai
.
to
.
to
.
tau
.
tam
. .
tah
. .
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P
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i
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tha
.
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.
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.
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.
thu
.
thu
.
thru
. .
thru
. .
the
.
the
.
thai
.
tho
.
tho
.
thau
.
tham
. .
thah
. .
Q}O`=
'_
(Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)
Q}O`= (da-Gunintamu)
'_ Q}O`= (dha-Gunintamu)
.
.
.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
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J
P
W
D
L
T
|
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U
S
X
F
B
JO
J
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..
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de
.
de
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dai
.
do
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.
dau
.
dam
. .
dah
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W
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L
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J
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_
_
_
_
_
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_$
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_
_
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.
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.
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.
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dhu
.
dhru
. .
dhru
. .
dhe
.
dhe
.
dhai
.
dho
.
dho
.
dhau
.
dham
. .
dhah
. .
19
Q}O`=
'}
(Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)
Q}O`= (na-Gunintamu)
'` Q}O`= (ta-Gunintamu)
.
.
.
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
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}
}
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20
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J
P
W
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na
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.
ni
.
ni
.
nu
.
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.
nru
..
nru
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ne
.
ne
.
nai
.
no
.
no
.
nau
.
nam
. .
nah
. .
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u
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ta
ta
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ti
tu
tu
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tru
.
te
te
tai
to
to
tau
tam
.
tah.
Q}O`=
'^
(Gunintamulu)
.
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
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k
n
^
^
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^
^
^
^
^
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^
tha
tha
thi
thi
thu
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thru
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the
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tho
tho
thau
tham
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di
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du
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de
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www.mohanpublications.com
21
Q}O`=
'^
22
(Gunintamulu)
.
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
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^
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(Gunintamulu)
.
{
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23
Q}O`=
'|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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24
(Gunintamulu)
.
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ya
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25
Q}O`=
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~
~
~
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26
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(Gunintamulu)
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27
Q}O`=
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Q}O`= (sa-Gunintamu)
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.
.
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28
(Gunintamulu)
.
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..
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sam.
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29
Q}O`=
'H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
30
(Gunintamulu)
.
{
{
{
{
{
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{
{
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{
{
{
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J
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W
D
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F
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JO
J
H
H
H
H
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H$
H
H
H
H
H
H
HO
H
ksha
ksha
kshi
kshi
kshu
kshu
kshru
.
kshru
.
kshe
kshe
kshai
ksho
ksho
kshau
ksham
.
{ J
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{ D
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www.mohanpublications.com
Symbols of Vottulu
k
kh
gh
ch
jh
~
n
t.
th
.
&
&
d.
dh
.
n.
th
dh
.
n
ph
bh
.l
s.
ksha
ra
.
www.mohanpublications.com
31
32
'H "`
'Y "`
kka
kdha
khka
khdha
kkha
kna
khkha
khna
kga
kpa
khga
khpa
kgha
kpha
khgha
khpha
kca
kba
khca
khba
kcha
kbha
khcha
khbha
kja
kma
khja
khma
kjha
kya
Y~
khjha
khya
kta
.
kra
khta
.
khra
ktha
.
kla
khtha
.
khla
H
H
H
kda
.
kla
.
khda
.
khla
.
kdha
.
kva
khdha
.
khva
kna
.
ksa
khna
.
khsa
kta
ksa
.
khta
khsa
.
ktha
ksa
khtha
khsa
kda
kha
khda
khha
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'Q "`
' "`
gka
gdha
ghka
ghdha
gkha
gna
ghkha
ghna
gga
gpa
ghga
ghpa
ggha
gpha
ghgha
ghpha
gca
gba
ghca
ghba
gcha
gbha
ghcha
ghbha
gja
gma
ghja
ghma
gjha
gya
ghjha
ghya
gta
.
gra
ghta
.
ghra
gtha
.
gla
ghtha
.
ghla
gda
.
gla
.
ghda
.
ghla
.
gdha
.
gva
ghdha
.
ghva
gna
.
gsa
ghna
.
ghsa
gta
gsa
.
ghta
ghsa
.
gtha
gsa
ghtha
ghsa
gda
gha
ghda
ghha
www.mohanpublications.com
33
34
'K "`
'K "`
cka
cdha
chka
chdha
ckha
cna
chkha
chna
cga
cpa
chga
chpa
cgha
cpha
chgha
chpha
cca
cba
chca
chba
ccha
cbha
chcha
chbha
cja
cma
chja
chma
K~
chjha
cya
K~
chjha
chya
cta
.
cra
chta
.
chra
ctha
.
cla
chtha
.
chla
cda
.
cla
.
chda
.
chla
.
cdha
.
cva
chdha
.
chva
chna
.
csa
chna
.
chsa
cta
csa
.
chta
chsa
.
ctha
csa
chtha
chsa
cda
cha
chda
chha
www.mohanpublications.com
'[ "`
'~ "`
jka
jdha
jhka
jkha
jna
jhkha
jhna
jga
jpa
jhga
jhpa
jgha
jpha
jhgha
jhpha
jca
jba
jhca
jhba
jcha
jbha
jhcha
jhbha
jja
jma
jhja
jhma
[~
jjha
jya
~~
jhjha
jhya
jta
.
jra
jhta
.
jhra
jtha
.
jla
jhtha
.
jhla
jda
.
jla
.
jhda
.
jhla
.
jdha
.
jva
jhdha
.
jhva
jna
.
jsa
jhna
.
jhsa
jta
jsa
.
jhta
jhsa
.
jtha
jsa
jhtha
jhsa
jda
jha
jhda
jhha
www.mohanpublications.com
jhdha
35
36
VOTTULU for ta
. consonant
'@ "`
'~ "`
tka
.
tdha
.
.thka
thdha
.
.tkha
.tna
.thkha
thna
.
tga
.
.tpa
.thga
thpa
.
.tgha
.tpha
.thgha
thpha
.
tca
.
.tba
thca
.
thba
.
tcha
.
tbha
.
thcha
.
thbha
.
.tja
tma
.
.thja
thma
.
@
~
.tjha
.tya
thjha
.
thya
.
.tta
.
tra
.
thta
. .
thra
.
ttha
..
.tla
.ththa
.
thla
.
tda
..
.tla
.
.thda
.
thla
..
tdha
..
.tva
thdha
. .
thva
.
tna
..
tsa
.
thna
. .
thsa
.
tta
.
tsa
..
thta
.
thsa
. .
ttha
.
tsa
.
ththa
.
thsa
.
tda
.
tha
.
thda
.
thha
.
www.mohanpublications.com
VOTTULU for da
consonant
.
'_ "`
'_ "`
dka
.
ddha
.
dhka
.
dhdha
.
dkha
.
dna
.
dhkha
.
dhna
.
dga
.
dpa
.
dhga
.
dhpa
.
dgha
.
dpha
.
dhgha
.
dhpha
.
dca
.
dba
.
dhca
.
dhba
.
dcha
.
dbha
.
dhcha
.
dhbha
.
dja
.
dma
.
dhja
.
dhma
.
_~
djha
.
dya
.
_~
dhjha
.
dhya
.
dta
..
dra
.
dhta
. .
dhra
.
dtha
..
dla
.
dhtha
. .
dhla
.
dda
..
dla
..
dhda
. .
dhla
. .
ddha
..
dva
.
dhdha
. .
dhva
.
dna
..
dsa
.
dhna
. .
dhsa
.
dta
.
dsa
..
dhta
.
dhsa
. .
dtha
.
dsa
.
dhtha
.
dhsa
.
dda
.
dha
.
dhda
.
dhha
.
www.mohanpublications.com
37
38
'` "`
'^ "`
tka
tdha
thka
thdha
tkha
tna
thkha
thna
tga
tpa
thga
thpa
tgha
tpha
thgha
thpha
tca
tba
thca
thba
tcha
tbha
thcha
thbha
tja
tma
thja
thma
`
~
tjha
tya
^~
thjha
thya
tta
.
tra
thta
.
thra
ttha
.
tla
ththa
.
thla
tda
.
tla
.
thda
.
thla
.
tdha
.
tva
thdha
.
thva
tna
.
tsa
thna
.
thsa
tta
tsa
.
thta
thsa
.
ttha
tsa
ththa
thsa
tda
tha
thda
thha
www.mohanpublications.com
'^ "`
'^ "`
dka
ddha
dhka
dhdha
dkha
dna
dhkha
dhna
dga
dpa
dhga
dhpa
dgha
dpha
dhgha
dhpha
dca
dba
dhca
dhba
dcha
dbha
dhcha
dhbha
dja
dma
dhja
dhma
^~
djha
dya
^~
dhjha
dhya
dta
.
dra
dhta
.
dhra
dtha
.
dla
dhtha
dhla
dda
.
dla
.
dhda
dhla
.
ddha
.
dva
dhdha
dhva
dna
.
dsa
dhna
dhsa
dta
dsa
.
dhta
dhsa
dtha
dsa
dhtha
dhsa
dda
dha
dhda
dhha
www.mohanpublications.com
39
40
'# "`
' "`
nka
nkha
nga
ngha
nca
ncha
nja
#~
njha
nta
.
ntha
.
nda
.
ndha
.
nna
.
nta
ntha
nda
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
ndha
pka
pdha
nna
pkha
pna
npa
pga
ppa
npha
pgha
ppha
nba
pca
pba
nbha
pcha
pbha
nma
pja
pma
nya
pjha
pya
nra
pta
.
pra
nla
ptha
.
pla
nla
.
pda
.
pla
.
nva
pdha
.
pva
nsa
pna
.
psa
nsa
.
pta
psa
.
nsa
ptha
psa
nha
pda
pha
www.mohanpublications.com
' "`
'| "`
phka
phdha
bka
bdha
phkha
phna
bkha
bna
phga
phpa
bga
bpa
phgha
phpha
bgha
bpha
phca
phba
bca
bba
phcha
phbha
bcha
bbha
phja
phma
bja
bma
phjha
phya
|~
bjha
bya
phta
.
phra
bta
.
bra
phtha
.
phla
btha
.
bla
phda
.
phla
.
bda
.
bla
.
phdha
.
phva
bdha
.
bva
phna
.
phsa
bna
.
bsa
phta
phsa
.
bta
bsa
.
phtha
phsa
btha
bsa
phda
phha
bda
bha
www.mohanpublications.com
41
42
' "`
'= "`
bhka
bhdha
mka
mdha
bhkha
bhna
mkha
mna
bhga
bhpa
mga
mpa
bhgha
bhpha
mgha
mpha
bhca
bhba
mca
mba
bhcha
bhbha
mcha
mbha
bhja
bhma
mja
mma
bhjha
bhya
mjha
mya
bhta
.
bhra
mta
.
mra
bhtha
.
bhla
mtha
.
mla
bhda
.
bhla
.
mda
.
mla
.
bhdha
.
bhva
mdha
.
mva
bhna
.
bhsa
mna
.
msa
bhta
bhsa
.
mta
msa
.
bhtha
bhsa
mtha
msa
bhda
bhha
mda
mha
www.mohanpublications.com
' "`
'~ "`
yka
ykha
ydha
rka
rdha
yna
rkha
rna
yga
ypa
rga
rpa
ygha
ypha
rgha
rpha
yca
ypba
rca
rba
ycha
ybha
rcha
rbha
yja
yma
rja
rma
yjha
yya
~~
rjha
rya
yta
.
yra
rta
.
rra
ytha
.
yla
rtha
.
rla
yda
.
yla
.
rda
.
rla
.
ydha
.
yva
rdha
.
rva
yna
.
ysa
rna
.
rsa
yta
ysa
.
rta
rsa
.
ytha
ysa
rtha
rsa
yda
yha
rda
rha
www.mohanpublications.com
43
VOTTULU for la
. consonant
' "`
' "`
lka
ldha
.lka
.ldha
lkha
lna
.lkha
.lna
lga
lpa
.lga
.lpa
lgha
lpha
.lgha
lca
lba
.lca
.lba
lcha
lbha
.lcha
.lbha
lja
lma
.lja
.lma
ljha
lya
.ljha
.lya
lta
.
lra
.lta
.
.lra
ltha
.
lla
.ltha
.
.lla
lda
.
lla
.
.lda
.
.lla
.
ldha
.
lva
.ldha
.
.lva
lna
.
lsa
.lna
.
.lsa
lta
lsa
.
.lta
.lsa
.
ltha
lsa
.ltha
.lsa
lda
lha
.lda
.lha
44
www.mohanpublications.com
.lpha
VOTTULU for sa
consonant
'= "`
' "`
vka
vdha
ska
sdha
vkha
vna
skha
sna
vga
vpa
sga
spa
vgha
vpha
sgha
spha
vca
vba
sca
sba
vcha
vbha
scha
sbha
vja
vma
sja
sma
=~
vjha
vya
sjha
sya
vta
.
vra
sta
.
sra
vtha
.
vla
stha
.
sla
vda
.
vla
.
sda
.
sla
.
vdha
.
vva
sdha
.
sva
vna
.
vsa
sna
.
ssa
vta
vsa
.
sta
ssa
.
vtha
vsa
stha
ssa
vda
vha
sda
sha
www.mohanpublications.com
45
'+ "`
' "`
ska
.
sdha
.
ska
sdha
skha
.
sna
.
skha
sna
sga
.
spa
.
sga
spa
sgha
.
spha
.
sgha
spha
sca
.
sba
.
sca
sba
scha
.
sbha
.
scha
sbha
sja
.
sma
.
sja
sma
sjha
.
sya
.
sjha
sya
.sta
.
sra
.
sta
.
sra
stha
..
sla
.
stha
.
sla
sda
..
sla
..
sda
.
sla
.
sdha
..
sva
.
sdha
.
sva
sna
..
ssa
.
sna
.
ssa
sta
.
ssa
..
sta
ssa
.
stha
.
ssa
.
stha
ssa
sda
.
sha
.
sda
sha
46
VOTTULU for sa
consonant
.
www.mohanpublications.com
' "`
hka
hta
.
hdha
hra
hkha
htha
.
hna
hla
hga
hda
.
hpa
hla
.
hgha
hdha
.
hpha
hva
hca
hna
.
hba
hsa
hcha
hta
hbha
hsa
.
hja
htha
hma
hsa
hjha
hda
hya
hha
Q=xH
V,&,}, H, D JH~ "`
Z=Q "_H =
H|\ g\H O|OkOz# k`H~ # W=^ .
NOTE
The vowel- consonant clusters for the Telugu letters viz.,
. ~
n, n, n,
. ksha, r. are not given since they are not
in much usage.
www.mohanpublications.com
47
J JO
Write Gunintamulu
for ha
.
48
()
()
www.mohanpublications.com
`Q |=
Telugu Vocabulary
C P Brown Academy
Preface
Words are the accepted vehicles of new things, new ideas, new attitudes, or new
points of view. Every practitioner of a language must acquire a fair understanding of
words. No matter even if it is ones mother-tongue, one can enjoy it more, only if he
or she could see it from the inside looking at the words with a feeling for them. This
becomes feasible only when one knows what the symbol, the sound, the word stands
for.
And that is what this module aims at. It enables you to master the Telugu words
through Roman script all by yourself. This module launches you on the path of
reading and writing Telugu words. It starts with two-lettered words graduating into
multi-lettered words. This module is aimed at helping you learn to read Telugu words
with an artists eye.
It is hoped that by going through the module you would cultivate a better appreciation
for your language. This shall make words look more than mere sounds. Once you
cultivate this art of looking at words from inside, they no longer remain as mere
denotations of emotions. They will rather voice emotions. It is only then that the
language becomes yours. It then simply becomes innate. Talking in Telugu then
becomes a jingling of the beauteous belles.
Once the taste is cultivated for your language the sound and the feelings that the
words emote you are sure to be swayed by a newfound urge to learn more complex
words and start conversation in Telugu all with ease. If this happens, we shall feel
that this initiative of C P Brown Academy has achieved its objective.
Nonetheless, a book, just as a good teacher, can at best, direct, aid and encourage a
learner but it is his or her effort that alone can make learning happen.
We solicit feedback from the readers for making the module more learner-friendly.
GRK Murty
4
3
.lu
.lu
JO
au
am.
ah.
.ru
ru
.
S
ai
Consonants (
Hallulu)
V V.
kh
gh
ch
jh
&
~
t.
t.h
d.
dh
.
n.
th
dh
ph
bh
l.
n
n
s.
ksh
r.
Sachitra Aksharamala
z` JH~ =
Alphabet with Illustrations
a
amma
J=
mother
a
avu
P=
cow
illu
house
5
4D
i
-iga
DQ
fly
u
uduta
L_`
squirrel
u
-uyala
T
cradle
ru
|
4
rusi
. .
|+
sage
6
4Z
e
eluka
ZH
rat
enugu
U#Q
elephant
ai
aidu
S^
five
X
4
onte
.
XO>
camel
7
4F
o
oda
.
F_
ship
au
ausadhamu
.
B+^=
medicine
am
JO
ambaramu
JO|~=
sky
J
4
duhkhamu
.
^Y=
grief
ah
4H
ka
kanki
HOH
spike
kha
khadgamu
.
Y_=
sword
ga
gampa
QO
basket
ghatamu
.
@=
vessel
gha
4.V
n
vanmayamu
.
"V=
literature
ca
cali
Ke
chill
cha
chatramu
K`=
umbrella
ja
jada
.
[_
[
4
plait
10
4~
jha
jhasamu
.
~+=
fish
&
yajnamu
[=
ritual
ta
tapa
.
@
post
tha
~
4
kanthamu
.
HO~=
throat
11
4._
da
dabba
.
_
box
dha
dhanka
.
_OH
drum
n
vina
.
g}
musical instrument
`
4
tala
ta
head
12
4^
tha
rathamu
~^=
chariot
da
danda
.
^O_
garland
dha
dhanussu
^#
bow
na
natta
#`
4
#
4
snail
13
4
pa
palaka
H
slate
pha
phalamu
=
fruit
ba
bandi
.
|O_
cart
bhatudu
. .
@_
4
bha
soldier
14
4=
ma
manta
.
=O@
flame
ya
yantramu
O`=
machine
ra
ratnamu
~`=
gem
lata
la
creeper
15
4.
la
talamu
.
`=
lock
va
vala
=
net
sa
sankhamu
OY=
conch
+
4
mesamu
.
"+=
goat
16
sa
4
sa
sanci
Oz
bag
ha
hamsa
O
swan
ksh
vrukshamu
.
=$H=
tree
rampamu
.
O=
saw
17
ra
^= iK =
- Introduction to Words
ala
ara
wave
shelf
adavi
.
anasa
J_q
J<
forest
pine apple
arati.
alasata
.
anumati
plantain
tiresome
permission
J~
J@ J#=u
J~\
akulu
a t.a
aru
P@
P~
game
six
leaves
akali
a s a
hunger
desire
- -
akasamu
alayamu
PHe
=
PH
=
4
sky
temple
18
Padamula Paricayamu -
4
ila
inti
earth
lady
isuka
inumu
WH
W#=
sand
iron
ituka
.
itivala
.
ivatala
brick
recently
this side
WOu
W\= W=`
W@H
ita
ikalu
D`
DH
swim
feathers
- i n a d. u
-
i s u d. u
today
God Siva
itacettu
..
- ilapata
.
ite
.
D>
spear
D<_ D_
D`K@ D@
toddy tree
whistling
19
4
ukku
uli
Le
chistle
steel
urumu
ulavalu
L~=
L=
thunder
horsegram
utuku
L`
udayamu
L^=
wash
morning
u- r u
T~
u d. a l u
u t.a
T_
T@
village
spring
upiri
uha
Ti
breath
guess
uragaya
u r a d. i m p u
ariel roots
T~Q T~_O
pickle
consolation
20
4
.rusi.
rukku
.
sage
mantra
.rujuvu
.rutuvu
proof
season
|+
|A= |`=
.rusabhamu
.
.runamu
.
bull
debt
|}=
|+=
emuka
era
eguru
Z~
ZQ~
Z=H
bait
fly
bone
edari
.
erupu
Z_i
Z~
desert
red
egumati
ekaramu
ZQ=u ZH~=
export
acre of land
21
eru
enugu
U~
U#Q
river
elephant
elika
eruta
.
UeH
U~@
ruler
picking up
elakulu
edu
.
etavalu
.
U_
U@" U
seven
slant
aite
- aidu rupayalu
aikyata
S`
SH`
but
unity
cardamom
S^ ~
five rupees
a i s w a r y a m u
S~=
wealth
aihikamu
airavatamu
SH= S~=`=
worldliness
white elephant
22
4
onte
.
odi
.
camel
lap
odugu
okadu
.
XO>
X_
XH_
X^Q
one man
adjust
ontarivadu
.
.
oripidi
.
XH\
XO@i"_ Xi_
one
lonely person
friction
okati.
F@q
defeat
bear
opika
o s. a d h i
FH
o- t.u
opu
F@
vote
F+k
patience
medicine
o d. a r e v u
onamalu
harbour
alphabet
4F_~= F#=
23
o t.a m i
aunu
aura
B#
B~
yes
is it
aucityamu
Bz`=
aptness
audaryamu
autu
.
B^~=
B@
magnanimity
bomb
anta
ancu
andamu
JO`
JO^=
whole
beauty
antamu
ankitamu
JOK
border
JO`= JOH`=
end
dedication
ambujamu
lotus
JO|[=
24
antahsatruvu
.
JO``=
internal enemy
antahkaranamu
.
.
JO`H~}=
inner activity
antahkonamu
. .
antahpuramu
.
JO`H}=
JO`~=
inner angle
inner chamber
kanda
kalamu
HO^
H=
yam
pen
kadali
.
k a d. u p u
sea
stomach
kanakamu
kavalalu
H
#
H
=
4
gold
H_=
pot
H_
H=
twins
H_e
k a d. a v a
25
kharidu
kharamu
Y~=
Ys^
ass
price
khagamu
kharjuramu
YQ=
Y~~=
bird
date
khani
khanijamu
Yx
Yx[=
mine
gadi
mineral
gada
g a d. a p a
Q_
Q^
room
threshold
club
garika
gajamu
QiH
Q[=
grass
elephant
g a r a.l a m u
gaganamu
Qk
Q~=
QQ#=
poison
sky
26
ghatana
.
ghanamu
@#
#=
incident
solid
ghallumanu
=#
ringing
- -
gharsanamu
. .
ghantaravam
.
ghatikudu
. .
O\~=O \_ ~}=
.
v a- n m a y i
"V~
.
v a- n m a y a m u
Goddess
"V=
Saraswati
literature
-.
v a n m a y a k a r u d. u
"VH~_
litterateur
27
4
cali
caku
Ke
chill
pen knife
candanamu
caduvu
KO^#= K^=
sandalwood
read
cakramu
campakamu
cakoramu
KH=
KOH= KH~=
wheel
flower
chandassu
chaya
chatrapati
KO^ K`u
prosody
square
sivaji
shadow
chalokti
KH
repartee
chatrakamu
mushroom
K`H=
28
jama
jalamu
*=
[=
guava
water
jayamu
[=
triumph
jata
[`
jagadamu
.
jananamu
quarrel
birth
[Q_= [##=
pair
jhankaramu
jhamu
~OH~=
jhasamu
.
~=
~+=
time
fish
jharamu
jhanjha
humming
~~= ~O~
mountain
stream
storm
4
29
sanjna
O[
symbol
~jnanam
*#=
knowledge
- ~
ajna
~vijnapana
P[
q*#
command
request
tapa
.
- tapakayalu
.
takku
.
post
@H
trick
crackers
takkari
.
@Hi
cunning fellow
tankasala
.
mint
@OH
30
thivi
.
- thana
. .
~}
sq
police station
style
mithayi
.
pathasala
.
q~~ ~
sweet
pathamu
.
school
kanthamu
.
~=
HO~=
lesson
throat
dabbu
.
dalu
.
damarukamu
.
_=~H=
cash
shield
small drum
_|
dambamu
.
_O|=
boasting
dazanu
.
12 pieces
_[#
31
dhi
.
_
clash
dhanka
.
_OH
big drum
dhalamu
.
dhammanu
.
shield
blast
_=#
_=
dharani
.
^~}
earth
venuvu
.
karuna
.
H~}
"}=
compassion
flute
kalyanamu
.
H}=
marriage
abharanamu
.
ornament
P~}=
32
tadu
.
tata
`_
``
rope
grand father
taruvu
tanaya
`~=
`#
tree
daughter
talupu
taragati
tarangamu
`~Qu `~OQ=
door
class
wave
atithi
pathamu
katha
Juk
^=
H^
guest
way
story
rathamu
sapathamu
~^=
^=
charriot
vow
mathanamu
churning
=^#=
33
dari
^_
^i
fence
way
danda
.
danamu
^O_
^#=
garland
donation
dandanamu
.
dantamu
^O`=
^O_#=
tooth
punishment
dhanuvu
dhara
^#=
^~
price
bow
stream
dhamani
dhanamu
^=x
^#=
vein
money
dhavalamu
.
dhagadhaga
dhara
^~
dadi
.
^== ^Q^Q
white
glittering
34
nati.
nagalu
#\
#Q
actress
jewelry
nadaka
.
naduma
.
#_H
#_=
walk
middle
nadavadi
.
.
nadireyi
.
<i
#_=_
#_~~
woman
conduct
midnight
nari
pani
padava
.
padaka
.
_H
_=
work
bed
boat
palaka
pagalu
slate
day
pagadamu
.
coral
Q_=
35
phalitamu
.
phalakamu
.
result
plate
phalgunudu
.
. .
-sitaphalamu
.
arjuna
custard apple
e `= H=
}_ ` =
phani
. .
phalaharamu
.
~=
snake
tiffin
badi
.
basa
banti
|_
|Ou
school
accomodation
ball
balamu
bakamu
|=
|H=
strength
crane
bandi
.
balapamu
|O_
|=
cart
slate pencil
36
bhakti
bhala
.
H
devotion
well done
bhayamu
=
fear
bhavanamu
bharincu
=#=
iOK OQ@
building
bear
bhangapatu
.
insult
mara
mandu
mancamu
=~
=O^
=OK=
screw
medicine
cot
manisi
.
manavi
=x+
=#q
man
appeal
makutamu
.
mayuramu
=@= =~=
peacock
crown
37
4
yati
yamini
qx
sage
night
yamuna
yatnamu
=# `=
river Yamuna
effort
yajamani
yagamu
yantramu
Q=
O`= [=x
ritual
machine
master
raju
~q
rani
.
~}
~A
sun
queen
king
ranamu
.
rasamu
battle
juice
ravi
~}= ~=
rahadari
high way
~^i
38
lavangamu
=OQ=
clove
lac
fatty
lalana
lancamu
OK=
woman
bribe
lavanamu
.
langaru
salt
anchor
=}= OQ~
galamu
.
"
Q=
time
throat
plates
kalalu
.
nalamu
.
fine arts
tube
talapucevi
.
saralamu
.
key
simple
pallemulu
..
<=
`Kq ~=
lavu
vela
.
lakka
39
vana
vanamu
"#
=#=
rain
forest
vajramu
vankaya
=[=
=OH
diamond
brinjal
vari
vasantamu
=i
vantakamu
.
=O`= =O@H=
paddy
spring
dish
sani
saramu
sasi
~=
saturn
arrow
moon
sakamu
sariramu
H=
s~=
era
body
satakamu
hundred verses
`H=
40
4
sasti
. ..
satkamu
. .
sixty
six folded
+@=
++
sanmukhudu
. .
.
+}Y_
six faced lord
satpadamu
. .
+_[=
saddakudu
.
. ..
+__ +@^=
hexagon
co-brother
insect
sadbhujamu
. .
sabha
sari
sagamu
Q=
court
equal
half
santa
samaramu
O`
=~=
market
war
sahajamu
samajamu
[= =[=
natural
society
41
hani
hamsa
harm
swan
harini
.
hasyamu
i}
deer
humour
halamu
haritamu
i`=
plough
green
kshama
H=
kshanamu
.
H}=
patience
moment
kshayamu
H=
decrease
bhikshagadu
.
H`=
aHQ_
wound
beggar
42
kshatamu
eruka
.
ceraku
.
ZH
knowledge
sugarcane
ceruvu
.
K=
pond
errarayi
..
marricettu
.. ..
=]K@
Z]~~
banyan tree
red stone
gorrepalu
..
Q]
ewe milk
gurramu
..
OH`
Q]=
torture
horse
rampapukota
.
43
Kathina
Padamulu .
indradhanussu
WO^^#
adhyayanamu
adhyakshudu
.
J^#=
J^_
study
president
agraganyudu
. .
anvesana
. .
JQQ}_
J<+}
topper
search
rainbow
arohanamu
.
Pk`_
P~}=
sun
ascent
- - asirvadamu
adhyatmikamu
Pj~^=
P^uH=
blessing
spirituality
ilavelupu
istaistamulu
.. ..
W"
W~+=
family god
indradhanussu
ihalokamu
WO^^#
WH=
rainbow
material world
44
- -
adityudu
.
-irsya
D~
jealousy
-isanyamu
-
D#=
northeast
Iswarudu
D~._
Lord Siva
-itakolanu
D~_
D` H#
Lord Siva
swimming pool
utkantha
.
utpatti
L`O~
L`u
suspense
production
udyanavanamu
udbhavincu
L^#=#=
L^qOK
park
araise
udarangu
urdhvalokamu
T^~OQ
T~H=
violet colour
upper world
45
-Iswarudu
4
-
.runagrastudu
.
.
.rusyasramamu
.
|}Q_
|==
debtor
hermitage
.rusabhadhvajudu
.
.
|+^A_
Lord Siva
endrakaya
.
ZO_H
crab
-.
egatali
ZxH
ZQ`o
elections
ridicule
edurkonu
endrakaya
.
Z^~#
ZO_H
face
crab
-elika
- ekantamu
UeH
UHO`=
ruler
solitary
- ekagrata
ekibhavincu
UHQ`
UHqOK
concentration
agree
--
46
ennikalu
aikyamu
aikamatyamu
SH=
SH=`=
union
unity
aiswaryamu
S~=
oddanamu
.. .
wealth
X_}=
waist ornament
ottu
..
oppandamu
X@
XO^=
vow
agreement
oppukolu
oddanamu
.. .
XCH
X_}=
willingness
waist ornament
orpu
-ojassu
F~
F[
patience
splendour
- -
ondrapettu
. ..
F_
FO_@
sport in water
bray
47
olaladu
.
4
aucityamu
Bz`=
suitability
outsukamu
B`H=
angulikamu
.
anxiety
JOQmH=
ring
angusthamu
..
angarakshakudu
.
JOQ+=
JOQ~H_
thumb
bodyguard
andhakaramu
JOQmH=
JO^H~=
ring
darkness
antahprakruti
. .
manahpurvakamu
.
JO`H$u
=#~H=
inner nature
whole-heartedness
usahkalamu
. .
L+H=
dawn
48
angulikamu
.
kayyamu
karkasamu
H=
H~=
quarrel
cruelity
kanuguddu
..
kathinamu
.
H#Q_
Hi#=
eye ball
hard
Ganeswarudu
.
.
Q}~_
Lord Ganapati
.
khayamu
Y_
M=
bad man
certain
khinnamu
mukhadvaramu
d#=
=Y^~=
grief
portal
garvamu
gardabhamu
Q~=
Q~=
pride
ass
guptanidhi
Ganeswarudu
.
.
Qxk
Q}~_
hidden treasure
Lord Ganapati
.
49
khaludu
.
Caturmukhudu
.
ghranamu
.
ghoramu
}=
~=
smell
awful
ghrutamu
.
ghinkarincu
$`=
OHiOK
ghee
trumpet
K`~Y_
Lord Brahma
vanmayakarudu
.
"VH~_
litterateur
Caturmukhudu
.
carmakarudu
.
K`~Y_
K~H~_
Lord Brahma
cobler
curnamu
.
camatkaramu
K~=
K=`~=
powder
repartee
chinnabhinnamu
K^=
z<a#=
cutting
helter-skelter
50
chedamu
jirnamu
.
janmabhumi
r~=
[#q
digestion
native place
- jivanopadhi
- jivasastramu
r=<k
r=G=
livelihood
biology
- - ~
maharajni
=~l
queen
jhasaketanudu
.
.
jhanjhamarutamu
~+H`#_
~O~=~`=
cupid
stormy wind
pratijna
prajnudu
.
u[
A_
vow
learned man
-maharajni
manojnamu
=~l
=<[=
queen
delight
51
.tenkaya
takkari
.
>OH
@Hi
coconut
cunning
damarukamu
.
.tippusultan
.tippani.
\C<
\}
tippusultan
commentary
_=~H=
drum
kathinamu
.
~#=
Hi#=
read
hard
pratistha
..
- kagitamu
thavu
.
u+
~= Hy`=
reputation
sheet of paper
dokku
.
dolla
.
useless
hallow
damarukamu
.
-dolayamanamu
.
_=~H=
_=#=
drum
wavering
52
pathanamu
.
- -
gadhanidra
.
asadhamu
.
Q_x^
P_=
sound sleep
name of a month
nigudhamu
.
drudhatvamu
.
xQ_=
^$_`=
hidden
sturdiness
gadhanidra
.
Q_x^
sound sleep
rakshana
.
grahanamu
.
~H}
Q}=
defence
eclipse
kshanamu
.
"}[=
H}=
commerce
moment
tiraskaramu
tirthayatra
u~~=
f~`
rejection
pilgrimage
tappidamu
tatvamu
`^=
``=
mistake
philosophy
53
vanijyamu
.
Tathagatudu
.
sithilamaina
Tathagatudu
.
tk"#
`^Q`_
dilapidated
Lord Buddha
-tarapathamu
-
yathatathamu
`~^=
^`^=
zodiac
as it is
`^Q`_
Lord Buddha
digbandhamu
^`$`=
kQO^=
generosity
beleaguering
dirghayuvu
duradrustamu
. ..
n~=
^~^$+=
long life
misfortune
dhanyamu
dharmasatramu
^#=
^~`=
grain
choultry
dhyanamu
dhvanyanukaranamu
.
^#=
^##H~}=
meditation
mimicry
54
datrutvamu
.
4
-
nirodhincu
natyamu
.
x~kOK
<@=
obstruct
dance
namaskaramu
nirnayamu
.
#=~=
x~=
salutation
decision
natyamu
.
<@=
dance
pariskaramu
.
~=`
i~=
Supreme Spirit
settlement
parthasarathi
- pascattapamu
~~k
`=
Lord Krishna
repentance
phanisayi
.
- phalanetramu
}~
<`=
Lord Visnu
.
praphullamu
phalitamu
e`=
blossom
result
55
paramatma
buddhimantudu
.
bauddhamatamu
|k=O`_ ^=`=
wise person
buddhism
brahmanandamu
bahiskaramu
.
|#O^= |~=
ecstasy
matsyamu
expulsion
=` =
fish
bhallukamu
bhaskarudu
.
H=
~_
bear
Sun
- - -
bhagyavantudu
.
O_Q~=
Q=O`_
treasury
rich man
matsyamu
mastiskamu
.
=`=
=+=
fish
brain
mahendrudu
.
madhyahnamu
=O^_
=^=
Lord Indra
midday
56
bhandagaramu
.
yauvanamu
yogyata
=#=
Q`
youth
eligibility
yathakramamu
yajurvedamu
^H==
A~^-=-
rajagruhamu
.
one of the vedas ~[Q
$=
as usual
palace
radduceyu
~Q`
~^K
illness
cancel
radheyudu
.
- -
rajagruhamu
.
~^_
~[Q$=
Karna
.
palace
- lokokti
lakshyapettu
..
HH
H@
proverb
care
lakshmipati
vilakshanamu
.
H;u
qH}=
Lord Visnu
..
elegant feature
57
rugmata
sirassu
gollemu
..
kallemu
..
Q=
H=
bolt
rein
parimalamu
.
- kalaratri
.
i==
H~u
fragrance
nightmare
t~
head
vastavamu
vijrumbhincu
.
"==
q[$OaOK
truth
enrage
vajrayudhamu
"~H=
=*^=
old age
indras weapon
satruvu
sirassu
`=
t~
enemy
head
suddhamu
saradrutuvu
.
^=
~^$`=
purity
autumn
58
vardhakyamu
4.
puspamu
Visnuvu
..
+=
q+=
flower
Lord Visnu
..
puskalamu
.
puskarini
. .
+=
+i}
plenty
pond
puspamu
.
+=
flower
sangramamu
O=
OQ==
society
war
satkarincu
sankalpamu
`iOK
OH=
honour
determination
harsamu
.
hrdayamu
.
~=
$^=
joy
heart
himasailamu
hiranyamu
.
==
~}=
Himalayan
mountain
gold
59
sanghamu
kshetramu
kshiramu
H`=
H~=
field
milk
kshemamu
H==
safe
marricettu
.. ..
=]K@
banyan tree
verrivadu
.. .
|]g
"]"_
broad moustaches
mad man
tiyyani ceruku
.
karrasamu
..
ux K
H]=
sweet sugarcane
erra
.. samudram
marricettu
.. ..
Z] =^O
=]K@
red sea
banyan tree
-.. jerri
kalla
..
jadala
. barre
..
H *]
[_ |]
centeped
yak
60
--
burramisalu
..
udayamu
L^= :
k s h a n. a k a- l a m u
H}H= : second
morning
ardharatri
J~~u :
n i m u s. a m u
pagalu
x=+= : minute
g a n t.a
QO@ : hour
dinamu
Q :
k#= :
day time
day
"~= :
early morning
morning
m a d h y a- h n a m u
=^= : midday
< :
s a- y a m k a- l a m u
ayanamu
OH= :
nela
month
J#= :
evening
ratri
~u :
week
pakshamu
H= : fortnight
udayamu
L^= :
midnight
v -a r a m u
v e- k u v a j h -a m u
"=*= :
six month-period
samvatsaramu
O=`~= : year
night
p u s. k a r a m u
+~= :
61
12 year-period
Kalamanamu
-
- Eras (4)
- H$` Q= : 17 H 28 "
krtayugamu
.
--
- ``Q= : 12 H 96 "
tretayugamu
dwaparayugamu
- ^~Q= : 8 H 64 "
- HeQ= : 4 H 32 "
Rutuvulu
.
varsarutuvu
.
saradrutuvu
.
vasantarutuvu
.
: spring
~^$`=
4=~ .|`. =
of winter
hemantarutuvu
.
grismarutuvu
. .
w+ |`=
: begining
: summer
varsarutuvu
: rainy
season
tt~ |`=
62
: autumn
=O` |`=
= : p r a b h a v a
q= : v i b h a v a
H
: su k l a
"^` : p r a m o- d u- t a
*`u : prajotpatti
- POw~ : angirasa
N=Y : s r-i m u k h a
=
: b h a- v a
= : y u v a
^`
: d h a- t u
D~ : -i sw a r a
|^# : bahudhanya
=k : p r a m a- d i
qH= : v i k r a m a
=$+
: v .r s. a
z`# : citrabhanu
# : s w a b h a- n u
`~} : t a- r a n. a
i= : parthiva
= : v y a y a
~l` : sarvajittu
~^i : sarvadhari
q~k : virodhi
qH$u : vikrti
.
Y~
: khara
#O^# : n a n d a n a
q[ : vijaya
[
: jaya
=#^ : manmatha
^~d : d u r m u k h i
=Oa : hevalambi
.
qOa : vilambi
.
qHi : vikari
~i : sarvari
=
: plava
H$` : subhakrtu
.
H$` : sobhakrtu
.
Hk
: krodhi
q= : viswavasu
63
`Q O=`~= ~
~= : parabhava
=OQ : p l a v a n g a
HH
: kilaka
= : s a u m y a
^~} : s a- d h a- r a n. a
q~^H$` : virodhakrtu
.
- s^q : paridhavi
=nK : p r a m a- d-i c a
P#O^ : a- n a n d a
~H : r a- k s h a s a
#
: nala
OQ : pingala
.
HH : kalayukti
.
^i : siddharthi
~k
: raudri
^~u : durmati
^O^a : d u n d u b h i
- ~k~^i : rudhirodgari
~HH : raktakshi
H^# : k r o- d h a n a
JH : a k s h a y a
Pakshamulu: 2 -
H= : 2 - Fortnights: 2
Suklapakshamu:
H H=: (from 1st day to fullmoon day)
Suklapaksha
Tithulu: 15 - HH u^: 15
suddha
padyami
.
^ _q
suddha
astami
..
: 1st
^ J+q
day after
full moonday
^ #=q
: 2nd
^ ^q
: 3rd
suddha
day
suddha
caviti
^ Kqu
suddha
day
suddha
pancami
^ OKq
: 5th
suddha
.sasthi
..
^ ++
: 6th
: 7th
day
suddha
day
: 10th
day
: 11th
day
: 12th
day
: 13th
day
-
dwadasi
^ ^^t
-
trayodasi
^ ` ^t
day
suddha
caturdasi
day
^ K`~t
p a u r n. a m i
~q
suddha
saptami
4^ q
-ekadasi
-
^ UH^t
: 4th
: 9th
suddha
dasami
day
suddha
tadiya
^ `k
day
suddha
navami
suddha
vidiya
^ qk
: 8th
: 14th
: fullmoon
day
64
day
Krishnapakshamu
bahula
. padyami
.
day)
bahula
. astami
..
bahula
. dasami
| ^q : 10th day
-
bahula
. -ekadasi
| UH^t : 11th day
bahula
. dwadasi
| ^^t : 12th day
-
bahula
. trayodasi
| ` ^t : 13th day
bahula
. caturdasi
| K` ~t : 14th day
| _q : 1st
day after
newmoon day
bahula
. vidiya
| qk : 2nd day
bahula
. tadiya
| `k : 3rd day
bahula
. caviti
| Kqu
: 4th day
bahula
. pancami
| OKq : 5th day
bahula
. .sasthi
..
| ++
: 6th day
bahula
. saptami
| q : 7th day
a m a- v a- s y a
J="
: newmoon
day
65
4 .. .
Telugu Nelalu
English Nelalu
`Q <
WOw+ <
English Months
Telugu Months
K`=
janavari
caitramu
[#=i
:
vaisakhamu
*+=
jyestamu
=i
P_=
: - asadhamu
. .
: sravanamu
.
=}=
^^=
"Y=
: january
phibravari
|=i
: february
m a- r c i
..
: march
epril
: april
may
"
bhadrapadamu
: may
june
J[= : a- sw a y u j a m u
E<
: june
july
- : kartikamu
=~t~=
-
: margasiramu
+=
==
: maghamu
}=
E
a g a s..t u
PQ+
s e p t.e m b a r u
O|~
octobaru
.
JH|~
pusyamu
.
: july
: august
: september
: october
navambaru
phalgunamu
.
#=O|~
: november
disembaru
_O|~
66
: december
HsH=
- Rasulu
Signs of Zodiac
4 "~= -
~ -
12
11
10
4
5
1 . m e- s. a m u
2.
a d i v a- r a m u
4.
monday
gemini
cancer
leo
virgo
libra
scorpio
sagittarius
capricorn
-O=
aquarius
g#=
pisces
7 . tula
wednesday
8.
`
vrscikamu
.
=$tH=
9 . dhanussu
thursday
^#
10. makaramu
=H~=
friday
11. kumbhamu
sa n i v -a r a m u
4x"~=
taurus
H#
su k r a v a r a m u
H"~=
aries
6. kanya
tuesday
g u r u v a- r a m u
Q~"~=
q^#=
:
k a r k a.t a k a m u
H~@H= :
O=
b u d h a v -a r a m u
|^"~=
"+=
:
v..
rsabhamu
=$+=
:
5. simhamu
m a n g a l a v a- r a m u
.
=OQ"~=
3 . mithunamu
sunday
s o m a v a- r a m u
="~=
12. minamu
saturday
67
Pk"~=
- Dikkulu
8 k - 8 Directions
`~
PQ=
D#=
L`~
^H}=
"==
<~u
_=~
`~
p a d. a m a r a
_=~
PQ=
east
southeast
southwest
northwest
northeast
nairuti
west
<~u
v a- y a v y a m u
uttaramu
north
"==
- isanyamu
south
D#=
Rangulu nalupu
~OQ - Colours
-
cilakakupacca
: black
zHK
b u- d. i d a
|_^
telupu
: white
gulabi
erupu
Z~
: red
: yellow
Qa
k a- s. a y a m
HO
: blue
T^
: green
<iO[
pasupu
u- d -a
nilamu
h=
akupacca
PK
narinja
68
: parrot
green
: ash
: pink
: saffron
: violet
L`~=
:
d a k s h i n. a m u
^H}=
:
agneyamu
turpu
: orange
Nakshatramulu 27-
#H`= 27
- Lunar Stars 27
a sw a n i
Jx
makha
=Y
mula
b h a .r a n i
~}
pubba
p u r v a .s a d. h a -
krittika
.
H$uH
uttara
L`~
rohini
.
~}
hasta
mrgasira
.
=$Qt~
citta
P~^
swati
punarvasu -
#~
v i sa k h a
p u s. y a m i
+q
P+
arudra
a- sl -e .s a
- - -
~_
uttarasadha
.
- -
L`~_
sr a v a n a m
=}O
z`
dhanistha
..
^x+
sa t a b h i.s a m u -
`a+=
qY
p u- r v -a b h -a d r a -
~^
anuradha -
J#~^
uttarabhadra
-
L`~^
jyestha
..
*+
revati
~=u
--
69
H_
:
Ju
:
~^A_ :
k a sy a p u d. u
qq`_ :
atri
Q`=_ :
b h a r a d w a- j u d. u
[=^y
:
. .
=+_
: vasisthudu
Navagrahamulu -
S u- r y u d. u
C a n d r u d. u
A n g a- r a k u d. u
B u d h u d. u
Brhaspati
.
Sukrudu
|
+ - The seven .rusis
.
Sa n a i sc a r u d. u
R a- h u v u
K e- t u v u
viswamitrudu
.
g a u t a m u d. u
j a m a d. a g n i
~_
KO^_
JOQ~_
|^_
|$u
_
<~_
~=
H`=
70
Sun
Moon
Mars
Mercury
Jupiter
Venus
Saturn
Dragons head
Dragons tail
Saptarusulu
. . -
Navaratnamulu
vajramu
v a i d. -u r y a m u
g o- m e- d h i k a m u
p u s. y a r -a g a m u
marakatamu
m a-n. i k y a m u
nilamu
p a g a d. a m u
mutyamu
Navadhanyamulu
=[=
"_ ~=
Q"kH=
+~Q=
=~H`=
=}H=
h=
Q_=
=`=
diamond
cats eye
zirconium
topaz
emerald
ruby
sapphire
coral
pearl
godhumalu
- Q^ = - wheat
=_ - paddy
anumulu - J#= - rajmagram
ulavalu - L= - horsegram
kandulu - H O ^ - redgram
pesalu - - greengram
- # Q - bengalgram
minumulu - q#= - blackgram sanagalu
nuvvulu - #= - gingili
vadlu
. -
71
- Manobhavamulu
-
a- n a n d a m u
P#O^=
d u h. k h a m u
^Y=
a s -u y a
J
d v e s. a m u
^+=
a n u m -a n a m u
J#=#=
k o- p a m u
H=
a- sa
maunamu
: pleasure
=#=
e- v a g i m p u
: sorrow
U=yO
: silence
: vexation
asahyamu
: jealousy
J=
ahamkaramu
: hatred
JOH~=
polika
: suspicion
eH
sphurti
: anger
i
u t s -a h a m u
: ambition
L`=
daya
: kindness
72
: unbearable
: ego
: comparison
: inspiration
: spirit
sariramu
s~=
n a d. u m u
body
head
face
#_=
b o d. d. u
_
g u n .d e
QO_
tala
`
mukhamu
=Y=
eye
nose
mouth
n o- r u
<~
m e d. a
"_
4<H
heart
hand
stomach
thigh
back
leg
foot
finger
nail
ear
k a- l u
neck
throat
v e- l u
chest
"
g o- r u
tongue
Q~
p a- d a m u
^=
rommu
~=
gontu
QO`
navel point
vipu
cevi
Kq
K~
k a d. u p u
H_
t o d. a
`_
mukku
waist
ceyyi
kannu
H#
n a- l u k a
73
--
Sariravayavamulu
-
|O^ `= - Relationships
amma
vadina
J=
-
: mother
<#
: father
=k#
- todikodalu
. .
`_H_
k o d. u k u
H-_
k o d. a l u
H_
nanna
ammamma
J==
-
: grand
mother
``-
: grand
father
"-#==
: meternal
"-#`-
: aunt
: uncle
tata
m e n a m a- m a
=ik
=#=_ manumaralu
=#=~
m e- n a k o- d.a l u
"#H_
.s a d. d. a k u d. u
+__
m e- n a l l u d. u
"#_ -
: aunt
(mothers
younger sister)
: uncle
(fathers
elder brother)
peddamma
^=
: aunt
(mothers
elder sister)
q~
JH-
: elder
: brother-in-law
sister
bava
viyyankudu
.
qO_
anna
J#
: son
: daughter-in-law
: brother-in-law
: sister-in-law
: grandson
: grand
daughter
: niece
: co-brother
: nephew
viyyapuralu
akka
=~^
m a n u m a d. u
pinni
^<#
: co-sister
maradalu
(fathers sister)
babayi
p e d d a n -a n n a
: sister-in-law
maridi
uncle
menatta
: brother
74
: sons
or daughters
mother-in-law
: sons
or
daughters
father-in-law
Bandhutvamulu -
Vruttulu
.
b o- y a
raitu
~`
: farmer
kummari
=i
: potter
H=i
: black
- kulivadu
.
e"_
gollavadu
.
Q"_
- s a l e v a d. u
"_
: hired
vadrangi
.
=_Oy
: carpenter
smith
HOe
: goldsmith
v a i d y u d. u
worker
: milkman
"^_
-pujari
: doctor
*i
: priest
naukaru
ganugavadu
: weaver
<H~
Q#Q"_
: oilpresser
Hi_
: barber
KHe
k a- r m i k u d u
cakali
mangali
: servant
: labourer
: washerman
rangulu
.
~OQ ""_ : painter
: accountant
- - vesevadu
: hunter
k a m s a- l i
kammari
=OQe
k a r a .n a m u
H~}=
=$`
- Professions
75
b e n d. a k -a y a
aratikaya
.
J~\H
: plantain
b a n g a.l a d u m p a
|OQ^O
: potato
O_H
d o n d. a k -a y a
^O_H
P ~
ulligadda
..
LeQ_
=OH
-.t o m a .t o
\=\
aku kuralu
kakarakaya
HH~H
g u m m a d. i k a y a
Q=_H
potlakaya
.
@H
gorucikkudu
.
Q~z_
cikkudukaya
.
z_H
4^H
d o- s a k -a y a
~Q - Vegetables
v a n k -a y a
: greens
: onion
: ladys
finger
: gherkins
: brinjal
c a- m a g a d d a
: tomato
..
: bitter
K=Q_
gourd
m u n a g a k -a y a
: pumpkin
=#QH
: colocacia
: drumstrick
mullangi
: snake
: local
gourd
=Oy
: radish
k a n d a g a d. d. a
beans
HO^Q_
- birakaya
: beans
c~H
: ridge
gourd
: cucumber
P#H
: bottle
gourd
a- n a p a k a- y a
76
Kuragayalu
-
d a- n i m m a
arati.
J~\
d r a- k s h a
^H
m a- m i d. i
=q_
j -a m a
*=
-neredu
.
<~_
s a p o- t.a\
: banana
^x=
: grapes
"Q
: mango
Y~~=
kharjuramu
~
p u c c a k -a y a
4KH
: wood
apple
: date
panasa
: guava
: cherry
~yO_
: sapota
J<
-sitaphalamu
: pineapple
: orange
`=
: custard
: papaya
r e- g i p a n d u
: water
: jackfruit
a n a- s a
apil
melon
: pear
apple
: apple
b o p p a- y i
: pomegranate
velaga
kamala
H=
Pandlu
. - O_ - Fruits
77
- - - Flowers
Pulu
Vrukshamulu
- =$H=
- Trees
.
m a l l e p-u v u
~qK@
- badamcettu
^OK@
kanugacettu
..
H#QK@
marricettu
.. ..
=]K@
vepacettu
..
"K@
cintacettu
..
zO`K@
t u m m a c e ..
ttu
`=K@
araticettu
. ..
J~\K@
jamacettu
..
*=K@
mamidicettu
. ..
=q_K@
- - ..
asokacettu
JHK@
: fig
tree
==
t -a m a r a p-u v u
: almond
: Indian
tree
`=~=
k a l u v a p -u v u
bunch tree
: banyan
H==
c a- m a n t i
tree
K=Ou
: neem
gulabi
tree
Qa
: tamarind
bantipulu
tree
|Ou
: babool
m o g a l i p -u v u
tree
"Qe=
: banana
: guava
tree
: jasmine
: lotus
: water
lily
: chrysanthemum
: rose
: marigold
: pandarus
davanam
^=#O
tree
: motherwort
maruvam
: mango
: asoka
=~=O
tree
: cowhage
ravicettu
..
tree
78
Pakshulu -
- Birds
kukka
H
nakka
pavuramu
#H
: pigeon
pilli
k a- k i
HH
koyila
H~
: owl
: crow
bird
: sparrow
gradda
Q^
: eagle
b a- t u
4O
`
Q^
: buffalo
"H
g o ..
rre
Q]
g a- d. i d a
Q_^
: goat
U#Q
: elephant
: sheep
: donkey
puli
: bat
nemali
<=e
: cow
e- n u g u
gabbilamu
Qa=
P=
m e- k a
piccuka
KH
: cat
g e- d e
: crane
: cuckoo
a- v u
konga
HOQ
: fox
: tiger
simhamu
: peacock
O=
: lion
Hu
: monkey
koti
: duck
hamsa
jinka
: swan
lOH
79
: deer
=~=
g u d. l a g -u b a
Q_Q|
: dog
cemca--
K O K - spoon
pogagottamu
.. - Q Q @ = - chimney
cipuru - p ~ - broom
pallemu
.. - = - plate
kulayi
. - ~ - tap
- - ~H e - pounder
rokali
- - * - flagon
kuja- - karra - s H] - rolling pin
purila
..
kavvamu - H = = - churner
balla - | - table
cettabutta
.. - K`|@ - dustbin
~ - hearth
garita. - Q i @ - ladle
jalleda. - [_ - sieve
- - @ H~ - tongs
patakaru
.
turumu - `~= - grate
mukudu
. - =_ - bowl
- - ` - vessel
patra
aggipette
.. - Jy > - match box
- - ~ - mortar
rolu
-- = KOK - fork
mullacemca
..
- - *_ - jar
jadi
.
poyyi -
Lohamulu -
b a n g a r a m u |OQ~=
v e n d. i
ittadi
.
r a- g i
"O_
W`_
~y
:
:
:
:
= - Metals
gold
ukku
silver
inumu
brass
tagaramu
copper
sisamu
80
L
W#=
`Q~=
=
:
:
:
:
steel
iron
tin
- Vanta
. Inti. samanulu -
lead
H~} =# - Provisions
miriyalu
pasupu
: turmeric
q~H
: chilli
m i r a p a k -a y a
qi
cintapandu
.
zO`O_
: coriander
LC
H~=
-jlakarra
: mustard
rH~
: cummin
a- v a- l u
P"
g a s a g a s a- l u
k a- r a m u
: poppy
seeds
p a n c a d a- r a
OK^~
plant seeds
lavangalu
=OQ
elakulu
: salt
: mirchi
powder
: jaggery
: sugar
kandipappu
HOkC
: assafoetida
: redgram
minapapappu
mentulu
"O`
: tamarind
bellam
inguva
WOQ=
: pepper
uppu
dhaniyalu
^x
q#C
: fenugreek
: blackgram
sa n a g a p a p p u
#QC
: cloves
pesarapappu
~C
: cardomum
81
: bengalgram
- - -Samanulu
Kirana
.
: greengram
P~}= Ornaments
talabilla
..
ungaramu
LOQ~=
:
k a n k a n. a m u
HOH}=
:
`a
headlocket
medal
earstuds
brooch
Kq^^
kiritamu
.
Hs@=
crown
nose-ring
=OH
armlet
necklace
anklets
ring
patakamu
`H=
bracelet
ceviduddu
golusu
Q
:
pamita. pinnu
q@ # :
chain
vanki
mukkera
=H~
h a- r a m u
cevikammalu
KqH=
tops
hair clip
~=
pattilu
..
\
pinnu
#
pakkapinnu
H #
m u k k u p u d. a k a
gajulu
QA
4#Q
side pin
bangle
jewelry
=_H :
-lolakulu
:
o d. d. a n. a m u
X_}=
:
nagalu
82
nosestud
hangings
Abharanamulu
.
waist ornament
- Inti
. Bhagalu -
4 H` -
Kolatalu Measures
talupulu
v e d. a l p u
: width
: length
" ^~=
kitikilu
.
H\H
-
pravesa
ettu
Z`
potti
..
\
: height
Qk
varanda
: short
=~O_
: big
J~
g a d. a p a
Q_
: small
baruvu
|~=
g u n d. r a m u
QO_=
- almara
cinna
z#
: entrance
: windows
gadi
pedda
: doors
dvaramu
: room
: verandah
: almirah
: threshold
paikappu
: heavy
HC
g a v -a k s h a m u
Q"H=
mettlu
..
"@
: round
4
83
: roof
: ventilator
: steps
"_
p o d. a v u
_=
telugu talli
.ru
.lu
.lu
ru
.
ai
u
e
o
o
au
am
.
Consonants (: Hallulu)
ah.
kh
ch
jh
d.
dh
.
dh
gh
t.
th
.
th
ph
bh
s.
n.
l.
ksh
*
r.
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-.
munduga- oka mata
A word in advance
- - '
- - - mudava
'srenilo
i vakyanirmanam
ma- balasikshasamagri
pustakam.
.
.
.
Vakyanirmanam
(sentence and its structure or sentence-building in Telugu) is the
.
third book in the Telugu Learning Kit series being brought out by C. P. Brown Academy.
- - dwara
- - telugu aksharamala
- paricayamaindi. dinito
modati. pustakam varnamala
unna
.
abhyasa pustakam valana aksharalu nercukovadam,
pratilekhanam anaga translitaresan
. .
.
- - palike- vidhananni
- dwara
telusukovadam
jarigindi.
.
- You
Telugu alphabet was introduced to the learners through the first book varnamala.
.
have learnt how to write the Telugu characters and to pronounce them by means of
transliteration.
- - rakarakala
- padalu
- telikainavi,
'
rendava
pustakam sabdamalalo
kastamainavi
akshara
..
.
kramamlo ivvadam
. jarigindi.
- kalipite- padalu
- ituvanti padala
- avutayi.
- kalayikatomanam nercukunna
aksharalu
.
.
vakyam
rupondincavaccu.
If the letters (characters) of the alphabet you have learnt are arranged in an order
forming a unit of grammar, they are called words. A group of words arranged in a
particular order which makes sense and gives a clear meaning is called a sentence.
- vakyalu
- - amarikato- cinnavi,
padala
peddavi, sulabhamainavi, kastamainavirakarakala
..
- ivi miru
- baga
- - nercukovadaniki,
- - istunnam.
telugu padalu
cakkaga- matladadaniki
.
. . .
upayogapadavaccu.
.
These sentences may be short or long, easy and difficult. Such sentences are used to
express a statement, a question, a command or some sudden feeling. They help you to
speak Telugu fluently and to write it well.
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- . 1 Lesson 1
patham
- ippudu
- kada!
- telusukunnam
intaku mundu manam telugu aksharalu,
padalu
.
vakyam
gurinci telusukundam.
idi caduvu.
He is Ramudu.
.
Read this.
-' - bhojanam
cesava?
- - idi nijama?
emiti!
.
What! Is it true?
- - nalugu
manam cadivina nalugu
vakyalu
rakalu.
sita navvindi
Ramudu
. came.
Sita smiled.
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- edcindi.
papa
.
lalita pilicindi.
Baby cried.
Lalita called.
We know for certain what is said in the foregoing sentences. That is why we call them
- - (declarative or assertive sentences.)
'
niscayardhaka
vakyalu
- - ivi rendu
. padalu matrame upayogincina cinna vakyalau. inkoncem pedda vakyalu
- raddam.
These are short sentences comprising two words. Let us now expand these
sentences a little.
ramudu
. badiki
. vaccadu.
.
- biggaraga- edcindi.
papa
.
lalita pelliki
. . pilicindi.
Ramudu
. came to school.
- teliyani vatini
- gurinci ila- kaccitamga- cebutam.
telisina visayala
. adigi
.
.
. telusukuntam.
Let us ask to know
-' - homework cesava?
lata vaccinda?
- - pusinda?
gulabi
pani purtainda?
- - antaru.
- kada!
- teliyalante
' vitini
prasnarthaka
vakyalu
edaina
.
.
. itarulanu adagali
.
'
prasnincatam
. ante
. adagadam.
.
.
- nundi vaccinda?
lata skul
.
-' - ninnati
. homework cesava?
- - '
- prasnalaku
- vidhanam
telusukovalsina
visayanni
batti
untundi.
samanyamga
.. adige
.
.
.
- evaru, ekkada, enduku, eppudu, emiti,
- padalu
upayogince
.
. enta, enni (hu, ver, vai,
.
- hau, haumeny). vitini
- ven, vat,
. ela upayogincalo telusukundam.
The mode of asking depends upon the nature of matter we like to know. Words
such as who, whose, whom, where, why, when, and how are interrogative pronouns.
Let us know how to use them.
atanu evaru?
Who is he?
ippudu
. taimenta?
.
Where is Mary?
- niku enni mamidipandlu
.
. kavali?
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-- -
- -
'
oka visayam
adesapurvakamga
ceppalante. ila.....
.
When we command others .
idi caduvu.
- ti. tisukura.
Read this.
akkadiki
..
. vellu.
Bring tea.
ramuki
ivvu
Go there.
- - ~- - pai vakyalanu
ajnapurvaka
vakyalu
antamu.
.
- ~- - - (Imperative sentences).
The above sentences are called ajnapurvaka
vakyalu
- - vitini
koncem pedda vakyalu
ceddam.
.
- ti
. ippude
. tisukura!
- akkadiki vellu!
repu
..
.
i pustakam ramuki
ivvu
Go there tomorrow.
- -
'
a ! ascaryam!
Oh! marvelous
a! idi nijama?
- padipoyada!
- - ayyo!
.
.
Is it true?
- - tajmahal
aha!
enta bagundi!
- bomma bagundi!
'sabhas!
.
- Mahal is!
Ah! How beautiful the Taj
The picture is nice, well done!
- -'
- - antamu.
pai vakyalanu
ascaryarthaka
vakyalu
.
- - (Exclamatory sentences).
'
The above sentences are called -ascaryarthaka
vakyalu
- ascaryam
- miku
-'
- tivramaina
- eppudaina
antuleni
kaligite- ila- antaru.
andolana
kaligina.
.
.
inte!
To express some strong emotions such as fear, surprise, agony or distress, we say
like this:
- - - -i gudi enta prasantamga
- undi!
'aha!
a! miru ceppindi nijama!
.
- - rayavaccu.
- - kuda
inka- pedda vakyalu
.
You will know how to write them as you talk.
-ala- teliyalante
. emito
. mundu vakyam ante
. teliyali.
For you to be able to write, you need to know what a sentence is.
adi ippudu
. manam telusukundam.
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- . 2 Lesson 2
patham
- amsalu
- - untam.
- avi karta, karma, kriya
' - manam custu
- mudu
sahajamga- vakyamlo
.
.
Three components are required to write a sentence in Telugu. They are: subject,
object and verb in that order.
manam oka vakyam
rasinappudu
. oka vyakti gurinco, vastuvu gurinco cebutam.
- - ante
. vakyaniki kendram a vyakti leka vastuvu avutundi. ade karta.
When we speak a sentence, we say something about a person or thing. So, the person
or thing mentioned is called the subject. It means the subject is the central point of
the sentence, and the meaning revolves round the subject.
- karma.
karta nirvahince- karyam
kriya avutundi. kriya yokka phalitam anubhavincedi
Job done by karta (subject) is kriya (verb). Result of kriya is received by karma
(object).
udaharanalu
: examples:
.
- ramudu
i vakyamlo- ramudu
. kukkanu kottenu.
..
. karta.
Ramudu
. beat the dog. In this sentence, Ramudu
. is karta.
-' ramudu
. . . anaga kottuta
. . . kriya.
. emi cesadu?
. kottadu.
What Ramudu
. did? He beat. That is beat is kriya.
denini
kottadu?
. . . kukkanu. kriyaphalitam anubhavincindi kukka kanuka, kukka karma.
Whom he beat? Dog. Dog has received the result of kriya. Hence dog is karma.
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- antaru.
nauns miku telusu. naunsnu telugulo- namavacakalu
.
~- namavacakamulu
Those nouns in the Telugu language are called sanjna
(Proper nouns),
jati namavacakamulu (common nouns), samuha namavacakamulu (collective nouns)
and guna
. namavacakamulu (abstract nouns).
raju caduvutunnadu.
.
lalita padutunnadi
.
- is reading.
Raju
Lalita is singing.
dhilli
mana rajadhani.
.
-'
bharatadesam
mana matrubhumi.
- and Lalita in the above sentences are the names of persons. Delhi
Words like Raju
- is the name of a country. All such names are called
is the name of a city, and Bharat
- (proper nouns)
~ - namavacakalu
sanjna
amma uyala
uputunnadi.
- - andamaina totalu
a- urilo
. unnavi.
The words mother, student, school, village, garden, in the above sentences are
common to every person or thing of the same class or kind. So, they are called
Common nouns.
ramudu
.
. gorrela mandanu tolukuveltunnadu.
.
Ramudu
. is tending his flock.
pakshula gumpu sayantraniki
gutiki
. cerutundi.
Words like flock, swarms, row (group), in the above sentences are called
Collective nouns. So a Collective noun denotes a number of similar things taken
together and regarded as one whole: A flock of sheep; a swarm or group of birds; a
row of cranes and groups of people, etc.
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manisiki
. santosam
. mukhyam.
- - untundi.
- vediga
- gali
vesavilo
.
.
- mana 'satruvu.
mana kopame
- - - santosam,
- ane- padalu,
pai vakyalalo
kopam,
vedi
gunanni,
bhavananu
.
.
.
- sucince
- bhavanaku
teliyacestunnavi.
i padalu
rupam
ledu.
ituvanti
vatini
telipe- perlu
.
.
.
guna
.
. namavacakalu antaru.
In the above sentences, the words happiness, anger hot, do not have a definite
shape. Such nouns denote some quality, state, or action. They are called guna
.
namavacakalu or bhava namavacakalu (Abstract nouns).
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- . 3 Lesson 3
patham
- - vaccindi. rani
- snehituralu.
- maku
- raniki
rani
. ti. iccanu.
.
.
- came. Rani
- is our friend. I gave tea to Rani.
Rani
.
.
.
- - caduvutadu.
- baga
raju
. rajuku eppudu
. manci markulu vastayi.
- kada!
- anadam bavundaledu
- perlu
- rendumudusarlu
ila- rani....raju
.
.
.
.
.
The words I, we, you, he, she, it, they, this, that, are pronouns.
- - vaccindi, ame
- ma- akkaku snehituralu.
rani
ameku
ti. iccanu.
.
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My leg is hurt. I am unable to walk.
- tagindi.
pilli palu
amma danini
kottindi.
..
You speak agreeably. Everybody likes you.
javabulu
Answers
-ame
nenu
danini
ninnu
I
it
You
She
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- . 4 Lesson 4
patham
- - untam.
- - vidhaluga
- - vadutu
- gamanince- untaru
sarvanamalanu
mudu
. pathamlo
.
.
. idi miru kindati
.
.
You must have observed that in the previous lesson we made use of pronouns in three
ways.
- vivaranga- cuddam!
- marala- okasari
The words used to address those who are in front of us or spoken to: thou,
you, thee, thy, thine, your, yours.
ekkado
. ame, adi, atanini, ameku, daniki,
. unnavari gurinci ceppinappudu
. atadu,
- - upayogistamu.
amenu,
varini,variyokka
ane- padalu
The words used about the person or thing spoken of: he, his, himself, she,
herself, it, itself, they, them, theirs.
- - madirigane
- - telugulo- kuda
- - vitini
inglishu
.
.
. bhasalo
. ila vargikarincaru :
As in the English language, in Telugu also they are classified in the following ways:
tanagurinci uttama purusa
. nenu, naku, nayokka anu matalu.
.
Uttama Purusa
. (First Person). It denotes the person speaking : I, we, myself.
- gurinci madhyama purusa nivu,
edutivari
niku, niyokka anu matalu.
.
.
.
Madhyama Purusa
. (Second Person). It denotes the person spoken to: thou,
you, thyself.
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ekkado
atanu, ame,
ataniki,
.
. unnavari gurinci prathama purusa
ataniyokka anu matalu.
.
Prathama Purusa
. (Third Person). It denotes the person or thing spoken of: he,
she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
- - marikonni vakyalu
cuddam.
(First Person)
- cesukuntanu.
na- pani nenu
.
naku
ayana gurinci telusu.
- -' a- samavesaniki
nannu pilicaru.
a- pustakam nadi.
I do my own work.
madhyama purusa
.
(Second Person)
ninnu cudakunda
..
.
. vellanu.
prathama purusa
. (Third Person)
vallaku
manam vaccinatlu
..
. teliyadu.
- vastaru.
- repu
vallu
..
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Here is the book you needed. Radha
gave it.
vallanu
akkadiki
..
. rammani ceppanu.
Pick out every pronoun that you can find in the following sentences and name its
person.
- - iccadu.
- atanu tana saikil gopalki
ramu
manci abbayi.
.
- Ramu
is a good boy. He gave his bicycle to Gopal.
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Sita helps her mother in her daily chores. She also studies her lessons.
-' - - ni- kosam
nuvvu ninna raledu.
andaru- edurucusaru.
Today I cannot come there. I have fever.
- - evaru- ceppaledu.
- - velle- vadine.
a- sangati naku
cebite- nenu
.
...
Nobody told me about it. Had I been told, I too would have gone there.
- - - - enduku?
niku naku
madhya vallu
..
javabulu Answers
atanu (prathama purusa)
.
- (uttama purusa)
nenu,
naku
.
he (Third person)
I, to me (First person)
- - (uttama purusa)
naku,
nenu
.
her, her, she (Third person)
to me, I (First person)
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patham
5 Lesson 5
.
- - manamu linga bhedamunu
i pathamlo
gurinci telusukundam.
.
masculine gender
raju
feminine gender
rani
.
neuter gender
kurci
King
devudu
.
Queen
devata
chair
God
Goddess
temple
racayita
racayitri
racana
author
atadu
.
he
nayakudu
.
hero
authoress
ame
she
nayika
heroine
gudi
.
script
adi
it
natana
.
acting
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- -'
- '
i mudu
. konni ubhayalinga sabdalu vunnayi. a sabdamulu
. rakamule kakunda
- pumlingamulaku- vartistayi.
srilingamulaku,
The names which can be applied either to a male or a female are of the Common
Gender (Ubhayalingamulu).
- naukaru, vyakti modalainavi.
- kodi,
' '
udaharana
. : sisuvu, anatha, vidyarthi, ledi,
.
.
ramudu
. vaccadu.
.
sita vellindi.
..
Ramudu
. came.
Sita went.
In Telugu sentences we say:
Sita went. feminine gender
Ramudu
. came. masculine gender.
The book is in the bag. neuter gender.
Similarly, pronouns will change as per the gender:
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Ramudu
. is not here. He has gone to the market.
- ani rasamu.
-' -'
ramudu
.
. pumlingam anduvalana kriyasabdam velladu
Ramudu
is pumlingam (masculine gender). So, the verb ending in Telugu is du
.
-.
(velladu).
.. .
- - ledu,
sita kuda
ame
nillu
..
.
.. tevadaniki vellindi.
Sita is feminine gender. That is why the verb endings in Telugu are changed to ledu,
vellindi.
..
pustakam sancilo- undi; danini
cadavali.
- avi : ekavacanam,
- - padalu
- vacanalu.
- vacanalu
- rendu vidhalu.
sankyanu teliyacese
.
bahuvacanam.
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- vyaktinigani,
- pradesanni
-' - sucincinapudu
namavacakam
oka vastuvunigani,
gani
. adi
-ekavacanam. okatikanna- ekkuva sankhyanu sucincinapudu
.
. adi bahuvacanam.
bahuvacanam
Singular Number
avu.
Plural Number
-avulu.
cow.
mamidikaya.
.
mango.
tota.
.
garden.
cows.
mamidikayalu.
.
mangoes.
totalu.
.
gardens.
- - avu
- ante- oka
pai padallo
ekavacanam,
avulu
bahuvacanam. mamidikaya
.
.
- bahuvacana'sabdam ceratam
- teliyacestundi.
mamidikayane
mamidikayalu
ane
.
.
. valla
okatikanna
ekkuva ani teliyacestundi. ade vidhamga tota,
.
. totalu
. kuda.
.
In the above words, the word cow is in singular number; cows is in plural number. Mango indicates one mango fruit. By making that word plural mangoes it
indicates more than one fruit. So also the words garden and gardens.
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- cuttu- mudu
- kalavalu
ma- uri
unnavi.
..
.
- - oka devalayam
- ma- urilo
undi.
- - nalugu
- - - unnavi.
ma- urilo
devalayalu
- na- snehitudu
repu
. vastadu.
.
- ma- snehitulu
repu
vastaru
- '
unnadi, unnadu,
. . . kasindi, pusindi vanti. sabdalu ekavacananni
. vaccindi, velladu,
- unnaru,
- - ru, lu, vu, yi 'sabdalu
- bahuvacananni
- - vaccaru,
teliyacestayi.
teliyacestayi.
Though some words have both singular and plural forms, in most cases only plural
form is used.
uda- : pesalu, godhumalu,
kandulu, vadlu,
.
Some words do not have the singular form at all. We have to use them as plurals.
They are called nitya bahuvacanamulu (forever plural forms). Examples: palu
(milk), nillu
. . (water).
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patham
6 Lesson6
.
- kosindi.
sita pulu
- kosindi.
sita errati. pulu
- navvindi.
papa
- gaunu vesukunna
pula
papa
navvindi.
Earlier we said, Sita plucked the flowers. Now we have said, Sita plucked the
red flowers.
- - erraga- unnayani,
- gaunu vesukundani
- pula
- - pulu
i matala
dwara
papa
vivarana
.
.
'
istunnam. ave visesanalu.
. .
Thus we are explaining that the flowers are red and the gown is embroidered.
These words are adjectives.
- - - ' i kindi vakyalalo
visesanalu
gurtincandi.
. .
.
- - muggu vestundi.
amma gummam mundu pratiroju
Mother daily decorates the doorway with patterns made with lines of flour.
- unnade- raju
- illu.
a nallagetu
.
Rajus
house is the one with the
black gate.
atadu
. dhairyavantudu.
.
He is a brave man.
- tiyani
niku repu
mamidipallu
. .. istanu.
- is a big city.
Bengaluru
adi lotaina
ceruvu.
Over-smartness is harmful.
turpu
vaipuna unna bhavanam
granthalayam.
The east-side building is a library.
javabulu
Answers
pedda, erra
-cala
intipakka
.
red
pratiroju
daily
ati
over
pedda
big
next-door
nalla
black
turpu
vaipuna
east-side
lotaina
deep
much
dhairyavantudu
.
brave
tiyani
sweet
pedda
big
' - - antam.
ila- namavacakam
yokka gunanni
vivaranga- ceppe- padalanu
visesanalu
.
. .
.
- spastamga- ceppadaniki
- - -i padala
'namavacakam
gurinci vivaramga,
visesanam
kavali.
..
.
. .
- - manam namavacakam
' - dwara
gurinci ekkuva vivarana
. .
. ivvagalugutamu. visesanalanu
- inglisulo
antaru.
. .
. edjektives
.
The adjective goes with a noun or pronoun adding to its meaning. Adjectives qualify
the nouns that follow them adding value to the sentence.
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patham
7 Lesson 7
.
- kada!
- - panulanni- kriyalu ani ceppukunnam
manam cese
We have already explained that our actions are known as verbs.
ramudu
. vaccadu.
.
Ramudu
. came.
- sita padindi.
.
- paddadu.
raju
.. .
- fell.
Raju
- navvindi.
papa
Sita sang.
-'
- kriyasabdalu.
paina rasina
vaccadu,
paddadu,
padindi,
navvindi anevi
.
.
.
.
.
- -'
kriyasabdalanu
inglisulo
verbs antaru.
.
.
The underlined words in the above sentences are verbs indicating the action of the subject.
- venakki paddadu.
sita madhuramga- padindi.
raju
.. .
.
amma aratipallu
. .. premato iccindi.
- kilakila navvindi.
papa
The underlined words in the above sentences are adverbs. An adverb is a word which
modifies or qualifies and expands the sense of a verb. So, an adverb goes with a verb
adding to its meaning when and where a certain action has taken place, and how
long it has taken, etc.
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- - cuddam.
- - ' - - - kurcina
' - - mariyu kriyavisesanalato
ippudu
marikonni vakyalu
. .
. visesanalu,
. .
- - telivaina abbayi.
gopal
amma pullati
konnadi.
. mamidikayalu
.
Mummy bought sour mangoes.
- - is an intelligent boy.
Gopal
- nalugava
radha
phlat
antasthulo- undi.
.
- phutbal
- - -- raju
. baga adatadu
. .
- visesanalu
- - rendusarlu
- ' - - ane- visayam cakkaga- kriyavisesanalu
- cadivite- evi
' - - evi
pai vakyalu
.
. .
. .
.
- - telusikondi.
- avuno- kado
- - kindi pattika cusi
mike telustundi. sariaina javabu
..
.
. ilanti
- - rayandi.
- - konni miru kuda
vakyalu
.
.
If you read the above sentences carefully, you will understand which words are
adjectives and which ones are adverbs. Now write some similar sentences yourself.
Verify your answers from the following list :
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javabulu
Answers
- '- kriyavisesanalu
. .
'- visesanalu
. .
nalla
Adjectives
prati
every
black
rangu
colour
pullati
.
telivaina
sour
intelligent
nalugava
fourth
pedda
big
pedda
tellati
.
big
white
sayantram
evening
Adverbs
banti ata
.
parugetti
playfully
football
mukkaluga-
ninduga
.
into pieces
full
- baga
well
cakkaga-
munduku
neatly
headlong
budungumani
.
suddenly
thangumani
.
with a bang
callaga-
pleasantly
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patham
8 Lesson8
.
- - manam ippudu
siddamga- unnam.
. cinna cinna vakyalu rayadaniki
.
Whatever we say, it should be very specific whether we are indicating the present
action, or a past action or a future action.
- -- ala- undalante
.
. e kalam gurinci cebutunnamo teliyali.
For this, we should know the tense of the verb we are writing about.
- ninna uttaram rasanu.
-' nenu
This sentence describes a past action.
- bhutakalam
anaga- jarigipoyindi.
I am writing a letter.
- - kalam
i vakyam ippudu
gurinci teliyacestundi.
dinini vartamana
. jarugutunna visayam
.
antamu.
.
This sentence mentions a present act. This is known as simple present tense.
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vartamana kalam
anaga- jarugutunnadi.
In Telugu sentences, verbs usually come towards the end of the sentence. We have so
far learnt that verbs change depending on the changes in gender and number. When
there is a change of tense, the verb also changes. Let us study some sentences:
sita ninna vaccindi.
ramudu
. ninna vaccadu.
.
sita ippudu
. vastundi.
ramudu
. ippudu
. vastunnadu.
.
- came yesterday.
Sita
- sita repu
vastundi.
Ramudu
. came yesterday.
Ramudu
. comes now.
ramudu
.
. repu vastadu.
Ramudu
. will come tomorrow.
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- - --'
ramudu
. anaga bhutakalanni sucince ninna annappudu
. kriyasabdam
. ninna vaccadu.
-- repu
- bhavisyat kalanni
vaccadu
sucince
annappudu
.
. annamu. repu vastadu
.
.
'
kriyasabdam vastadu
. ani marindi. sita strilingam kanuka vaccindi, vastundi annamu.
- annamu.
ramudu
. pumlingam kanuka vaccadu,
.
. vastadu
- Ramudu
ninna (yesterday) indicates bhutakalam
. came yesterday. Here, the word
(past tense). Hence the verb vaccadu
. (came). When we use the word repu
(tomorrow), it indicates bhavisyatkalam
(future tense). Hence the verb vastadu
.
.
(will come). Sita being feminine gender, the verb in the past tense is vacindi; and in
the future tense the verb will be vastundi. So also, Ramudu
. being-masculine gender,
and
in
the
future
tense
vastadu.
the verb in the past tense is vaccadu,
.
.
- -- - - lekapote
- - - mi- matalaku
mukyamaina i mudu
artham undadu.
. .
.
.
. kalalu telusukuni matladali.
In addition to these three tenses, there is another one called Continuous Tense. The
vartamanakalam
(Present Continuous Tense) describes an action taking place. And
so the action is incomplete. So is the case with Past Continuous Tense and Future
Continuous Tense.
jarugutu- unna kalam.
Continuous tense:
Radha
was reading the book yesterday.
Radha
will be reading the book tomorrow.
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radha
pustakam caduvutu- undi.
Radha
is reading the book.
Radha
was bringing flowers yesterday. (The verb was bringing is in the Past
- Continuous tense a continuing work in bhutakalam).
- - - unnadu.
- bommalu vestu
- - unnadu.
- anaga- prastutam bommalu vestu
- kabatti
raju
.
.. i vakyam
.
- kalamlo
- pani jarugutunnatluga- teliyacestundi.
vartamana
.
- will be drawing pictures tomorrow. (The verb, here, is in the Future Continuous
Raju
Tense) a continuous tense in the bhavisyatkalam.
.
- unnadu.
ramu
ninna banti adutu
.
.
Ramu
was playing with a ball yesterday.
- (The verb is in the Past Continuous tense a continuing work in bhutakalam.)
ramani
. pulu testu undi.
Ramani
. is bringing flowers.
- pulu
- testu- untadu.
- repu
raju
. .
- - unnadi.
sita pata
. padutu
.
ramani
.
. pulu testu untundi.
- uyala
- unnadi.
papa
ugutu
Ramani
. will be bringing flowers.
- teccindi.
radha
ninna pulu
- uyala
- - untundi.
- repu
papa
ugutu
.
Radha
brought flowers yesterday.
- - ramani
. roju pulu testundi.
Ramani
. brings flowers daily.
- koyadaniki
radha
pulu
veltu
.
. untundi.
.
- - - sayantram
repu
sita eluru
veltu
.
. untundi.
Radha
will be going to pluck flowers.
When the tenses are changed, the verb also changes.
- - ippudu
. alanti. marpunu i kindi vakyala dwara gamaniddam.
vartamanakalam
rahim pandlu
. teccadu.
.
Past tense
- velladu
ranganna bajaru
.. .
Ranganna went to
the market.
- - badiki vellindi.
meri
.
..
bhavisyatkalam
.
Present tense
Future tense
ranganna bajaru veltunnadu
.
. .
. ranganna repu bajaru veltadu.
- padindi.
karuna
.
. pata
.
karuna
.
. padutunnadi.
- padutundi.
karuna
.
.
. repu pata
Karuna
. sang a song.
Karuna
. sings a song.
amala vastunnadi.
Karuna
. will sing a song
tomorrow.
- vastundi.
amala repu
There are some universal truths, true at any time and for all times:
vantena kinda nunci nadi pravahistundi. suryudu
. turpuna udayincunu.
- - - e- kalaniki
kinda iccina vakyalu
sambandincinavo- gurtincandi.
.
Sita read that book.
radha
padutunnadi.
.
- sings.
Radha
We will go to the book exhibition tomorrow.
- -i samayaniki
- repu
nenu
ma- uriki
veltu
.
. untanu.
By this time tomorrow, I will be going to our village.
ame,
monna ma- intiki
. vaccindi.
The earth goes round the sun.
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- poyina
-' - uttaram rasadu.
abraham
samvatsaram naku
.
- -Ayesa
. completed her collegiate studies two years back.
inko- samvatsaraniki
hari injaniring purtavutundi.
Haris engineering will be completed in a years time.
javabulu
Answers
is singing present continuous tense.
- cadivindi bhutakalam.
read past tense.
padutunnadi
vartamanakalam.
.
was going past continuous tense.
veltamu
bhavisyatkalam
.
.
will be going future continuous tense.
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- vaccindi. bhutakalam
was reading past continuous tense.
tirugutundi. nirantaram jarigedi
goes round ever happening action. (This simple present tense is also used
to express some general fact or eternal truth.)
-' - rasadu.
. bhutakalam
will be completed future tense.
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patham
9 Lesson9
.
-i pathamlo
- ane- padala
- gurinci telusukundam.
- madya
- manam avyayalu
- rendu padala
.
.
- - linga, vacana, kala
- bhedalanu
- - teliyacestayi.
nunna sambandanni
i avyayalu
batti
- . .avyayalu maravu. vitini
i padalanu inglisulo
.
.
. vibhaktyarthaka padalani kuda antaru.
pripojisans
antaru.
.
.
There is a parrot on a branch of the tree. The pencil has fallen under the table.
balla, pensilu rendu
ani ceppadam
. padalu. pensilu ballakinda padindi
. valana adi
.
oka ardhavantamaina vakyam ayindi.
Table and pencil are two words. When we say, The pencil has fallen under the
table, it is a complete and meaningful sentence.
- unnadu.
- - madhya'syam
ramuki,
rajuki
.
I invited Radha
for tea; but she did not turn up.
- - - -krusna
. . kosame custunna, kani raledu.
Krisna
. . has not come yet; I am waiting for him.
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samuccayalu
Conjunctions
- rendu padalanu
- rendu vakyalanu
- kaluputayi.
- - samuccayalu
- telugu bhasalo
gani,
gani
.
.
.
- - kanjenkshans antaru.
- samana
- dharmam kala vakyalane
- - - ivi
samuccayalanu
inglisulo
.
.
kaluputayi.
Kamala and Sita are sisters. Here the conjunction and connects two nouns showing
their relationship.
- cadavagaladu, mariyu rayagaladu
ramu
.
.
Ramu
can read, and write as well.
In this sentence we can use only or to convey the meaning. Give me a pen or a
pencil.
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- ikkada
. ayina, leka ane padalu emi teliyacestunnavi? naku pennu kani pensilu kani
- - kavalani.
i vidhamga- rendu
. padalanu gani, vakyalanu gani kalipe padalu samuccayalu.
In these sentences, what do the words either or and or indicate? I want a pen or
a pencil. Conjunctions therefore connect words with words as well as sentences with
sentences.
- anduvalana, vale, varaku, ayinappatiki- vanti padalu
- samuccayalu.
mariyu, kani,
.
.
Some other conjunctions are: and, but, therefore, like, too, till, however, as well as,
further, neither-nor, either or, moreover.
- - - samuccayalanu
i kindi vakyalalo
gurtincandi.
.
- reads well, but plays mischief.
Raju
- ayevaraku
- undu, lekapote
- - vellu.
na- pani purti
..
.
Though poor, he is honest.
It rained last evening; so my sister did not come.
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javabulu
Answers
mariyu
kani
- lekapote
and
ayina-
though
but
andukani
or else
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patham
10
.
Lesson10
- - - manam -i pathamlo
- - telugulo- vibhaktulu vunnayi.
- vatini
inglisulo
keslu unnatlugane
.
.
.
.
gurinci telusukundam.
Just as there are cases in the English language, there are vibhaktulu in the Telugu
language. Let us learn about these vibhaktulu (cases) in this lesson.
- - vibhaktulu.
- madhya gala sambandhanni
- padala
vakyamlo
teliyacesevi
Ramudu
. is the subject.
. beat the dog. What is the subject in this sentence? Ramudu
What did Ramudu
. do? He beat. (Beating is an action. So it is the verb.) Whom did
he beat? He beat the dog. So, dog is the object.
- - - ramudu,
.. . anedi kriya.
. namavacakale. kottuta
. kukka ivi rendu
Ramudu
. and dog are nouns.Beat is the verb.
kukka 'sabdaniki
nu ane- vibhakti ceradam
valana adi ramudu
. kukkanu kottenu.
..
.
ane ardhavantamaina vakyamga marindi. anaga karta cese panini teliyacestunnadi.
Adding nu to the word dog made it a meaningful sentence. In other words, that
case-ending nu makes the work of the subject very clear.
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- inko- udaharana
. cuddam.
It means, this pen belongs to Sita. Here, what is the relation between Sita and pen? It
is Sitas pen. Sita possesses it. She has a right over the pen.
maroka vakyam
Vibhaktulu (cases) are therefore used to show the syntactic relation between the subject,
object and verb, and to explain clearly the work they do and how they do it. In the
Telugu language, vibhaktulu are of seven kinds. Various case-forms are expressed with
the aid of various prepositions or case-endings. Examine the following vibhaktulu
(cases): There is another case form to address others. It is known as vocative case or
Nominative case of address.
prathama- vibhakti
nominative case
du,
mu, vu, lu
.
du,
. mu, vu, lu.
'
'du'
. pumlinga sabdalaku vastundi.
uda- : ramudu,
.. .
. krusnudu,
- - 'sabdalaku,
- 'sabdaniki
'vu' ukaranta
go
vastundi.
uda :jantuvu, taruvu, madhuvu, govu
He is Ramudu.
.
-avu sadhu
jantuvu.
- vikasincayi.
'
pulu
The case that relates to the object in a sentence is called Accusative or Objective Case
- - vibhakti or second case in the order). A noun or noun equivalent is in the
(dwitiya
Accusative or Objective Case when it is used as the direct object of a transitive verb.
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sitanu pilicanu.
I called Sita.
ikkada
pilavadam
kriya. evarini pilicanu?
sitanu. sita karma. 'nu' ane- dwitiya- vibhakti
.
.
sitanu cerindi.
- naku
- teliyadu.
atani gurci
- telusu.
ni gurinci naku
- to come.
Ask Raju
trutiya- vibhakti
cetan,
ce(n),
todan,
to(n)
.
- - - varu
- karta. trutiya
-'
- - paniki evaru asrayam
kriya cese
avutaro
vibhakti kartaku cerutundi.
- - vastanu.
nito- nenu
- saukyamu untundi.
'santam
toda
.
.
- - ramani kuda
- - vaccindi.
rajuto
.
.
Ramani
. also came along with Raju.
caturthi vibhakti
dative case
koraku, kai
koraku, kai.
The case of nouns or pronouns and words in grammatical agreement with them,
indicating an indirect object or recipient, is known as Dative Case (caturthi vibhakti
for, to).
atadu
. ramuni koraku vaccadu.
.
ramuni
koraku.
He came.
enduku?
For Ramu.
- radhakai
- teccanu.
nenu
pulu
Why?
- paramatmudu
anekasarlu
avatarincadu.
.
.
. dharma rakshnakai
God manifested Himself time and again on the earth to protect righteousness
(Dharma).
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pancami vibhakti
ablative case
valana, kante,
..
. patti
valana, kante,
..
. patti.
apayamu,
bhayamu, parajayam,
pramadam,
alasyam
modalainavi jariginappudu,
. avi
enduku jarigayo a karanam
ceppadaniki
pancami vibhakti vastundi.
.
.
The case of nouns or pronouns and words in grammatical agreement with them
indicating an agent, instrument or location is Ablative Case (pancami- vibhakti
valana, kante,
.. by, than, on account of). It indicates the cause of certain effect
. patti
or result.
coruni
valana bhayamu kaligindi.
Ramana
. is stronger than Vasu.
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- sasti
. . . vibhakti ki, ku, yokka, lo, lopala
- lopala.
genitive case ki, ku, yokka, lo,
- sambandhanni
teliyacesetappudu
. . . vibhakti vastundi.
.
. sasti
The Genitive Case primarily expresses possession, and from that it has been extended
to many kindred relations. This is the sasti
vibhakti with sixth case-ending of ki, ku,
.
.
yokka, lo, lopala to. of, in, and s.
-i visayam teliyadu.
rajuki
idi ramani(yokka)
pennu.
.
.
This is Ramanis
. pen.
- telusu; niku
a- visayam
naku
telusu.
.
atani(yokka) gunam
. andariki telusu.
- illu uripakka
- - unnadi.
vasu
totalo
.
Vasus
house is in the garden on the outskirts of the village.
- lopala
- vallu
gadilo- matladukuntunnaru.
. .
.
..
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saptami vibhakti
locative case
andu, na.
andu, na.
- - adharanni
teliyacesetappudu
.
. saptami vibhakti vastundi.
The Locative Case (saptami- vibhakti andu , na) relates to nouns, pronouns, and
adjectives, expressing location (a particular place or position in which a person or
thing is.)
bhagavantudu
.
. endu cusina andu kaladu.
a- darina
dongala bhayam ekkuva.
- cettuna cala
- - kayalu
jama
unnavi.
..
- -' - lekkalenanni
akasana
cukkalu unnavi.
- untaru.
punyatmulu
svargana
.
.
- i cikatina
padi
.
.
. ela veltavu?
There are plenty of fruits on the guava tree. There are countless stars in the sky.
(The guava tree has plenty of fruits.)
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- prathama- vibhakti):
Vocative case or nominative case of address (sambodhana
O, you, hi, hello, hey.
- sambodhincadaniki,
- i vibhakti-evarinaina- pilavadaniki,
anaga
upayogistamu.
.
.
O Krisna!
. . Come to my rescue.
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patham
11 Lesson11
.
- - ardhanni
- purti
icce- pada samudayanni
vakyam
antamu.
dinini inglisulo
sentence
.
.
.
antaru.
.
A sentence is a group of words making complete sense.
- vidhaluga
- - mudu
- - vibhajimpabaddayi
vakyalu
..
.
- 1. samanya
vakyam
2. samyukta vakyam
'
3. samslista
. . vakyam
Sentences are classified as follows:
1. Simple Sentence
2. Compound Sentence
3. Complex Sentence
- samanya
vakyam
simple sentence.
- - karta, karma, kriya anevi
- pradhanamaina
- - samanya
vakyamlo
vakyangalu.
A simple sentence contains subject, object and verb (karta, karma and kriya) in that
order.
udaharanalu
:examples:
.
kamala andanga- untundi.
vimala telivainadi.
.
- - caduvutadu.
- baga
raju
.
ramani
..
. vellindi.
. badiki
- studies well.
Raju
Ramani
. went to school.
Kamala is beautiful.
Vimala is intelligent.
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samyukta vakyam
Compound sentence
- - - - - rendu
. leka mudu
. samanya vakyalu kalasi oke vakyamga marite adi samyukta
- kani
vakyamavutundi.
ala- kalapadaniki
mariyu leka
vanti
.
. samuccayalu
sahayapadatayi.
.
-
Sita and Kamala are sisters.
- - caduvutadu.
- ranga baga
- - caduvutadu.
ramu
baga
.
.
Ramu
reads well. Ranga reads well.
- - caduvutaru.
ramu
(mariyu) ranga baga
Ramu
and Ranga read well.
- maracipotadu.
- baga
- - caduvutadu.
- vasu
- vasu
.
.
- maracipotadu.
- - baga
- - caduvutadu
- kani
vasu
.
.
- atanu rajuki
atanu rajuki
annayya?
tammuda?
.
- tammuda?
- leka
atanu rajuki annayya?
.
'sailaja patalu
. rastundi, padutundi.
.
'
samslista
. . vakyam
Complex sentence
- vakyamto
- okatigani
- antakante- ekkuva apradhana
- vakyalu
- - kalisi vakyam
oka pradhana
.
. -erpadite- danini
' .. vakyam antaru. purti arthanni icce vakyanni pradhana
samslista
.
.
- - arthanni
- vakyam
vakyam
ani, purti
ivvani vakyanni
apradhana
ani antaru.
kriya
.
samaptam kakapote vakyam purti ardhanni ivvadu.
A sentence may also be made up of two or more clauses, one of which is dependent
on, or subordinate to, another. Such a sentence is called a Complex Sentence.
- vakyam.
ramudu
idi pradhana
anaga- arthavantamaina vakyam.
..
. velladu.
Ramudu
. went. This is the main sentence which gives a clear meaning.
- ramudu
ramudu
..
. vaccadu.
.
. velladu.
Ramudu
. went. Ramudu
. came.
- ane- vatini
.. vaccadu,
. kalipi ramudu
. velli
. ani rastamu.
- anedi
- purti
- arthanni
ramudu
istundi.
. velladu
..
- slept off.
Having read the book, Rani
.
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patham
12 Lesson12
.
anukarana
. vidhamulu :
. vakyamulu rendu
There are two forms of speech
pratyakshanukaranam
.
Direct Speech
parokshanukaranam
.
Indirect Speech
pratyakshanukaranam
:
.
Direct Speech
In pratyakshanukaranam
(Direct Speech) we give the words of the speaker in
.
quotation marks without changing the words.
konni udaharanalu
: Some examples:
.
- cestanu,
- a- pani naku
- telusu, nenu
- vasu
annadu.
.
- andi.
amma nannu, sayantram
twaraga- ra,
- gopito
- - sraddaga
- caduvu, annadu.
'
raju
.
- to Gopi.
Pay more attention to studies, said Raju
- - kotta battalu, ani ammanu adigindi.
sunita nakevi
.
..
What about new clothes for me? Sunitha asked her mother.
- katha ceppu, katha ceppu, ani godava cestundi.
papa
.
parokshanukaranam
:
.
Indirect Speech:
- okaru ceppina vakyanni
- - ceppali.
- kotesans
parokshanukaranamlo
mana matalato
. .
.
.
- sarvanamalu
- - upayogincali.
undavu.
avasaramaina cota
.
.
In the parokshanukaranam
(Indirect Speech), the words uttered by the speaker are
.
not given, and no quotation marks are used. In other words, the speaker is not quoted
verbatim.
- annadu.
- a- pani tanaku telusani,
- vasu
tane- cestanani
.
ticar
ma- andarini mokkalu natamannaru.
.
.
- advised Gopi
- to pay more attention to his studies.
Raju
sunita tanaku kotta battalu
. . evi ani ammanu adigindi.
.
Sunitha
asked her mother about new clothes for her.
- - katha ceppamani godava cestondi.
papa
.
Remember all the points we have dealt with so far to gain fluency in Telugu. Also
remember the inevitable changes in the verb patterns depending upon the gender
differences, tenses, and number.
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patham
13 Lesson13
.
ikkada
. koncem agandi
.
- concem agi
- - - matladutuntamu.
manam matladutunnappudu,
. .
.
. avasaramainacota
. .
.
When we speak, we give some pauses to make our speech clear and meaningful to the
listener.
- - untundi. alage
- arthanni
- - swaramlo- marpu
vakyamloni
batti
a- vyavadhi marutu
valana
..
.
kuda
artham avutundi.
. visayam
.
The duration of the pause depends upon the meaning and context. Sometimes we
make our point clear by means of intonation.
- - mukyamaina
rasetappudu
valla telustundi. vatilo
.
.
. matram konni gurtulu pettadam
.. .
nalugu
gurtulu ippudu
telusukundam.
.
In writing we use punctuation marks to make the sentence clear and meaningful. Let
us now discuss four punctuation marks:
- - -- - - cadivetappudu,
.
.
. rasetappudu
. padala madhya ekkada
. agalo, ela artham
. apalo, ekkada
- - - telipevi
- viramamu
-- cihnalu.
- virama
cesukovalo
ante
cihnam ante
. apadam,
.
. gurtu.
All written work is divided by points or stops which help the reader to follow the
sense of what he is reading. Those signs are called punctuation marks. They regulate
reading by indicating where the reader may pause and take breath, and how long he
may pause.
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- cihnalu
- -i kindi vidhamga- unnayi.
virama
full stop
(.)
comma
(,)
- binduvu
nyuna
ardha binduvu
- - ' binduvu
vakyamsa
semi-colon
(; )
anukarana
. cihnalu
quotation marks
colon
(:)
' prasnarthakam
( )
question mark
(?)
-'
ascharyardhakam
exclamatory mark
(!)
Sita her younger sister next to her younger brother children went to wedding of older
brothers son
- - cihnalu
- - okkasari
- levu.
- cadivi cudandi.
i vakyamlo- virama
. . ekkada
. apali? ela cadavali?
teliyadam
. ledu kadu!
There are no punctuation marks in this sentence. We do not know where to stop and
how to read it. It is a bundle of confusion, isnt it?
Sita, her elder sister, younger sister and younger brother went to the wedding of her
elder brothers son.
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- evarevaru veltunnaro
- - antaru.
- - ceppadaniki
sita taruvata,
upayogincina
gurtuni kama
.
.
.
- - oke- visayaniki
- mataku
- madhya viramam
mataku
undadaniki
sucana
i kama.
.
.
. .
.
- ekkuvaga- unnappudu civari visayaniki
sambandhincina vivaralu
tappa migilina
.
.
annintiki
. kamalu undali.
.
After the word Sita, the punctuation mark, comma() is used to inform as to who
are all going. Comma is used to denote the gap between the words. When there are
too many details to be given, comma is used after every name or matter excepting the
last name or matter.
konni udaharanalu
: Some examples:
.
- - rastundi.
- - patalu
ame
kathalu, navalalu, natakalu,
.
.
- - - ma- intlo
. erranivi, tellanivi, pasupuvi, udarangu gulabilu pustayi.
The full stop ( . ) marks the end of a complete and independent sentence.
- ninna vaccanu.
uda- : nenu
Ex : I came yesterday.
- -eluru
- velladu.
raju
.. .
- binduvu undali.
- rasina
samkshiptarupamlo
prati aksharam taruvata
.
Abbreviations are indicated by periods:
-'
am.pra.
= andhra
prades.
-'
A.P. (Andhra Prades).
- - - cintapalli ramamurti.
ci.ra.murti
Even in ones postal address, there should be a period at the end. For the middle
lines, there should be commas at the end:
- ravu
vi.es.ar.
- - - - vijayawada
- - 520 002.
inti
.
. nem. 123/4, suryaraopeta,
.
The above sentences carry interrogative marks at the end. Interrogative mark is
used at the end of every direct question.
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- padipoyada!
- - - raju
a!
.
.
- has fallen!
Alas, Raju
-'
- - nokki ceppadanni,
ascaryanni,
udrekanni,
e- visayamaina
vyangyanni.
.
-'
- prakatincetappudu
.
.
.
. i ! ascaryarthakanni vadali.
Exclamatory mark is used to express emotion or some sudden feeling such as wonder,
surprise, horror, indignation, joy, or some satirical remark.
- ni- sangati telusu, nivu
a!
bhimudavu!
.
- - - - bhasa
- vastundi. cinna cinna vakyalu
- - - cakkagatelugulo- matladandi.
. . . matladitene
. .
.
- - kotta kotta
- - - cadavandi. cadivitene
rayandi.
telugu pustakalu
.
. rastene gurtuntundi.
.
- - telustayi.
- kotta kotta prayogalu
padalu,
Now try to speak in Telugu. Unless you speak in Telugu you cannot master the
language. Learn to write short and sweet sentences. Unless you write, you cannot
remember usages. Read Telugu books. If you read you learn more and more new
words and new expressions.
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20.Q Qs=`O
21.u~" (^#~=`O)
22. =`H^
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2. O~ N Q~ Ki`
3. N ~P~^#+i"=O
4. N ~ rq` Ki` (H<)
5. N Q~Ki` (H<)
6. ^Q}H$` N~ Ki`
7. #=<^ Ki`
8. N~Ki`(O_)
}~}QO^O
9. NQ~Ki` (O_)
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1. 'HKHO QO@OKOQO (Q~)
6000
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4. P#O^k OKOQO (".q.)
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5. =Q"i~te`(12~"iH) 4000
6. =Q"i~te` q_q_QXHH\ 1000
7. HKHO*u+HO_~( Nx"Q~}u\q) 2500
8. = (_i) HO_~
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"< aH+<,
P^uH QO^xO
H@Q=O, J[O` @ Z^@,
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