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  • Comparison of The San Joaquin Valley and Los Angeles Basin HOx Systems

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    jpeterson1
    143 vizualizări30 pagini
    Angelique Demetillo, Seton Hall University - Abstract: The San Joaquin Valley and Los Angeles Basin are areas with the worst air pollution in the United States and with distinct differences in their atmospheric chemical composition. This study attempts to describe and compare the odd hydrogen radical (HOx ≡ OH + HO2 + RO2) systems of both the San Joaquin Valley and Los Angeles Basin. Additionally, the chemistry of HOx and nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2), as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), drives the production of harmful tropospheric ozone (PO3). To improve our understanding the HOx cycles in these areas, an analytical model and measurements of chemical compounds from the June 17th and 18th, 2016 NASA SARP flights were evaluated. First, this study compares the magnitude and distribution of the sources of HOx production in both locations. Second, this study uses knowledge of HOx production rates in combination with HOx loss pathways to identify the NOx dependence of PO3, which can be interpreted and used to design effective control strategies to improve future air quality.

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    Angelique Demetillo, Seton Hall University - Abstract: The San Joaquin Valley and Los Angeles Basin are areas with the worst air pollution in the United States and with distinct differences in their atmospheric chemical composition. This study attempts to describe and compare the odd hydrogen radical (HOx ≡ OH + HO2 + RO2) systems of both the San Joaquin Valley and Los Angeles Basin. Additionally, the chemistry of HOx and nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2), as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), drives the production of harmful tropospheric ozone (PO3). To improve our understanding the HOx cycles in these areas, an analytical model and measurements of chemical compounds from the June 17th and 18th, 2016 NASA SARP flights were evaluated. First, this study compares the magnitude and distribution of the sources of HOx production in both locations. Second, this study uses knowledge of HOx production rates in combination with HOx loss pathways to identify the NOx dependence of PO3, which can be interpreted and used to design effective control strategies to improve future air quality.

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    143 vizualizări30 pagini

    Comparison of The San Joaquin Valley and Los Angeles Basin HOx Systems

    Încărcat de

    jpeterson1
    Angelique Demetillo, Seton Hall University - Abstract: The San Joaquin Valley and Los Angeles Basin are areas with the worst air pollution in the United States and with distinct differences in their atmospheric chemical composition. This study attempts to describe and compare the odd hydrogen radical (HOx ≡ OH + HO2 + RO2) systems of both the San Joaquin Valley and Los Angeles Basin. Additionally, the chemistry of HOx and nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2), as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), drives the production of harmful tropospheric ozone (PO3). To improve our understanding the HOx cycles in these areas, an analytical model and measurements of chemical compounds from the June 17th and 18th, 2016 NASA SARP flights were evaluated. First, this study compares the magnitude and distribution of the sources of HOx production in both locations. Second, this study uses knowledge of HOx production rates in combination with HOx loss pathways to identify the NOx dependence of PO3, which can be interpreted and used to design effective control strategies to improve future air quality.

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    COMPARISON OF

    THE SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY & LA BASIN

    HOX SYSTEMS
    Demetillo, Mary Angelique1 ; Pusede, Sally2; Kotsakis, Alex3
    1 Seton Hall University, NJ
    2 University of Virginia, VA
    3 University of Houston, TX

    NASA Student Airborne Research Program (SARP) 2016

    Background: HOx and PHOx


    2

    -PHOx = Production rate of hydrogen radicals:


    (HOx = OH + HO2 + RO2)
    -The hydroxyl radical (HO) is one of, if not the,
    most important specie in atmospheric chemistry
    - detergent of the atmosphere
    - Ajax of the atmosphere

    *not to scale

    Courtesy of: http://mtweb.mtsu.edu/nchong/Reactions-Atm1.htm

    Background: Air Quality of SJV and LA Basin


    3

    San Joaquin Valley


    Californias agricultural production leader
    (fruits, nuts, vegetables, dairy)1
    One of the nations top Crude Oil Producing
    States2
    Several large cities: Bakersfield, Merced,
    Fresno, Visalia
    1. US EPA

    LA Basin
    Major urban area
    Many productive
    oil fields
    Image Source: theAtlantic.com

    2. SJVgeology.org

    Source: American Lung Association, State of the Air 2015

    Motivation: Contribute to lack of HO studies compared to VOC and NO


    x

    PO3 (VOC , NOx ,HOx)

    Ozone Formation Dependency on [NOx]

    Production of Ozone (ppbh)

    Ozone Formation Dependency on [OH]

    Production of Ozone (ppbh)

    RESULTS
    How do the San Joaquin Valley and LA
    Basin the HOx systems compare?

    Spatial Distribution of PHOx in SJV


    8

    Total HOx Production in the San Joaquin Valley

    ER
    SI
    D
    VA
    A
    UN
    O

    M
    S
    IN
    TA

    *Biomass Burning (Plume) data and data above boundary layer were not included

    P(HOx) ppt/s

    NE

    highest PHOx
    values are found in
    or nearby cities and
    major urban areasBakersfield, Fresno,
    Selma, and Visalia.
    - There is high HOx
    production occurring
    at the edge of the
    Sierra Nevada
    Mountains as well.

    RA

    - The

    Spatial Distribution of PHOx in LA BASIN


    9

    ER
    SI
    RA
    D
    VA
    A
    UN
    O

    M
    S
    IN
    TA

    PHOx values are


    found in major
    urban areas.

    *Biomass Burning (Plume) data and data above boundary layer were not included

    P(HOx) ppt/s

    NE

    - The highest

    10

    Formaldehyde is the main contributor


    to overall PHOx in both LA Basin and SJV
    SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY

    LOS ANGELES BASIN

    1. Thornton et. Al. PO3 Dependence on [NOX] and PHOx. Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol 107. 2002

    Spatial Distribution of P

    in SJV

    HOx

    H2CO PHOx

    H2O2 PHOx

    O3 PHOx

    11

    Comparison of PHOx in SJV and LA:


    12

    SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY

    CATEGORY

    LOS ANGELES BASIN

    AVERAGES

    Total PHOx

    0.30 (ppt/s)

    0.47 (ppt/s)

    PHOx from CH2O

    0.18 (ppt/s)

    0.30 (ppt/s)

    PHOx from O3

    0.12 (ppt/s)

    0.13 (ppt/s)

    PHOx from H2O2

    < .01 (ppt/s)

    0.02 (ppt/s)

    *Biomass Burning (Plume) data were not included in mean value calculations

    NOxHOx Loss

    HOxHOx Loss

    13

    SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY

    NOx
    Sensitive

    LOS ANGELES BASIN

    NOx Suppressed

    1. Murphy, J.G. The weekend effect within and downwind of Sacramento: Part 2. Observational evidence for chemical and dynamical
    contributions. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 6, 1197112019, 2006

    NOxHOx Loss Spatial Distribution in the San Joaquin


    Valley
    14

    NOxHOx Loss Spatial Distribution in the


    LA Basin
    15

    Summary and Conclusions


    16

    - Formaldehyde is the top pHOx contributor in both the SJV and LA Basin regions;
    contributing over 50% to the total pHOx in each region
    - There is spatial variability of pHOx and its contributors throughout each region
    - Largest pHOx values in each region were both located in major urban cities
    - Overall, pHOx is greater in the LA Basin than in the San Joaquin Valley
    - Both regions do not share the same NOx-limited/NOx-saturated chemistry which
    affects ozone production: NOx controls will work in SJV but not everywhere in LA
    - Areas that are producing HOx the fastest (urban cities) are also the areas where
    NOxHOx Loss dominates

    Acknowledgements
    17

    Sally Pusede
    Alex Kotsakis
    Dr. Emily Schaller
    Tropospheric Chemistry Group (AKA NOxBOx)
    Jessie Sagona
    KORUS-AQ Flight Crew
    NASA SARP 2016

    QUESTIONS?
    Thank you for listening!

    19

    EXTRAS

    20

    NOxHOx Loss Plots


    - Nitric Acid formation fraction of total radical loss

    San Joaquin Valley


    21

    The LA Basin
    22

    NOxHOx Loss Comparison


    23

    Spatial Distribution of P

    in LA BASIN

    HOx

    H2CO PHOx

    H2O2 PHOx

    Fontana
    Pomona

    Pomona

    O3 PHOx

    Fontana
    Pomona

    24

    Fontana

    Total pHOx Timeseries for Saturday Flight

    25

    Total pHOx vs [CH2O] Timeseries for Boundary Layer of SJV

    26

    Total PHOx

    O3 PHOx

    27

    H2O2 PHOx

    H2CO PHOx

    Calculated [OH] vs Measured [OH] in the SJV


    28

    Comparison of calculated vs. actual [OH] in SJV


    29

    Average: 0.1124

    Average: 0.5917

    Comparison of calculated vs. actual [OH] in LA

    Basin

    30

    Average: 0.3419
    Average: 0.5160

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