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READING THE SECTION As you read the section, complete the graphic organizers by
supplying the main points of each of the following.
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________________
The Armistice
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________
POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, explain
how Woodrow Wilson felt about Germany as compared to the other Allies.
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ANSWER KEY
Detail E: Italy entered the war against 5. Russian revolutionaries’ overthrow of the
Germany and Austria-Hungary. czarist government, making it a war
fought for democratic ideals
Post-Reading Quick Check
Answers will vary, but should mention the fact SECTION 3
that the Balkans provided an outlet to the sea Reading the Section
and played a part in Pan-Slavism. 1. poorly supplied
2. the Ottoman Empire
SECTION 2
3. government reforms
Reading the Section
4. army
1. Central Powers: the alliance of German,
5. more radical
Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the
6. economic equality
Ottoman Empire
7. Bolsheviks
2. Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia, and
8. Communist Party
their partners
9. Allies
3. British navy: the largest in the world at
10. did not
that time.
4. U-boats: submarines which caused exten- Post-Reading Quick Check
sive losses to Allied shipping Lenin envisioned a socialist government led by
5. trenches: served to counter machine guns a small group of leaders.
and artillery
6. airplanes: new weapons used for observ- SECTION 4
ing enemy troop movements Reading the Section
7. total war: a war in which nations turn all The Fourteen Points
their resources to the war effort (Six of the points contained plans for a general
8. propaganda: use of selected bits of future)
information to gain support for war 1. no secret treaties
9. Battle of the Marne: France’s success in 2. freedom of the seas for all nations
this battle changed the nature of the war. 3. removal of all economic barriers such as
10. Gallipoli: Allies’ failed attempt to take tariffs
Contantinople via the Gallipoli Peninsula 4. reduction of national armaments
11. Lusitania: passenger liner sank by German 5. adjustment of colonial claims to make
U-boats, killing many Americans them fair
12. Woodrow Wilson: United States president 6. establishment of “a general association of
who denounced the attack by German nations.”
U-boats. The Armistice
13. war of attrition: a slow wearing-down 1. Germany canceled the Brest Litovsky
process in which each side was trying to treaty with Russia
outlast the other 2. Germany had to give up a large part of its
14. Arthur Zimmerman: German official fleet.
secretly proposing an alliance between 3. The Allies would occupy German territory
Germany and Mexico west of the Rhine.
Post-Reading Quick Check Demands at the Paris Peace Conference
1. heightened trade with the Allies due to the 1. France insisted on moving its border east-
British blockade of Germany ward to the Rhine.
2. the effect of British propaganda about 2. Italy claimed the Tirol region.
German war atrocities 3. Belgium wanted two small portions of
3. Germany’s attempted alliance with Mexico German territory along the border.
4. resumption of unrestricted submarine Other possible answers:
warfare by the Germans Great Britain wanted Germany’s African colonies.
Japan wanted German colonies in the Pacific.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt World History: The Human Journey 41 Geography Activities/Guided Reading Answer Key
i-55_GRS-GEO_AK_065744-X 12/17/01 1:59 PM Page 42
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ANSWER KEY