Explainhowglobalinteractionmaybemeasured.

[10marks]

Global interactions can be measured by the KOF index, where it can

be measured with economic, social, and political sectors. Each
country is ranked according to these scales out of 100.

Explainwhatismeantbyculturalimperialism.

Cultural imperialism in the practice of promoting the culture, values

or language of the country in one that is not developed as it is. This
normally happen with Core countries culturally imperializing less
developed countries (periphery) this is due to them having more
political and socio-economic powers with the victory in World Wars,
hence it has a large influence globally.
Westernization in Thailand is a good example of cultural
imperialism. Thailand and America has a good political tie of allies
since the 1818s, where it allows more interactions economically and
socially. This allows more trading between the nations, in addition to
America has encouraged free trade. Free trade allowed Thailand to
consume more manufactured goods from America, which had
allowed Thai citizens to consume more American goods rather than
goods manufactured in Thailand. This spread of consumer culture
can be seen in Thailand by many Thai citizens buying more
westernized furniture from foreighn companies e.g IKEA (Sweden)
rather than furniture from Thai companies. This has lead to profits
repatriated to the headquarters in western countries, which causes
bankruptcy in Thai companies. This leads to cultural dilution, since
many Thai style goods will not be seen.
The political tie has lead to America intervening Thailands
economic development by commercializing the country.
Commercializing happened due to Americas investors carrying out
foreign direct investment (FDI) which is investing businesses in
other country, and involvement of TNCs. TNCs are transnational
corporations, which is an enterprise that promotes businesses in
other countries. Such as McDonalds, they have more than 243
stores and drive thru located in Thailand and 12 mini stores located
in the BTS (train rail way). This has lead to change in Thai citizens
diet, where consuming more processed foods rather than Thai
traditional foods. This has lead to 28% increase in diabetic rates in
Thai citizens.
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Music, industries dominated by USA and UK TNCS

Language
Consumer culture
Custom
Architecture

Dilution and loss of indigenous culture.

E.g Japanization of South Korea
Korea got colonized by Japan during the 1910-1945
The Russo war lead to Japan winning
Japan forced korea to sighn a treaty of Portsmouth 1905
During the time Korea was forced to use Japanese names and
ban their Korean language, and ban Shinto worship.
Japanese colonization had lead to segregation of North and
the South

Globalinteractionsalwaysleadtopositiveenvironmentalchange.Discussthisstatement.

Global interactions are associated with interaction of countries in

social, political and economic aspects. This includes interactions
through trade blocs, TNCs, inter-governmental organization, nongovernmental organizations and personal interactions through social
media. These allow sharing environmental awarenesss between
countries, implement conventions of international environmental
treaties. However, it can be deduced that there are situations where
environmental change from global interactions can cause severe
environmental damages.
Positive
- Introducing new technologies from the Civil society such as
the Green Peace.
- It is an international environmental organization that consists
of 40 countries
- They tackle issues such as waste disposal, deforestation,
nuclear power, and industrial pollution
- Often does a activism, and post them on social medias such
as youtube, facebook and twitter.
- In November 2012 they have posted a website called Guide
to greener electronics where it shows a Ranking of mobile
companies according to how much they are environmentally
friendly by emissions and domestic wastes they produce such
as E-waste. It is known that HP is that the top by 7.1 points
and TOSHIBA is the lowest by 2.3points.
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International environmental agreements

Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty initiated by the

United Nations and its was the convention to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions due to the enhanced global
warming and climate change.

Initiated in 1997

However when George. W. Bush was elected in America; he

rejected the agreements for Kyoto protocol, since America was
reluctant to reduce their economic benefits through further
prevention industrialization.

Japan pledged to reduce 7%, Canada by 8 %,

These has lad to spread of knowledge and increased
awareness through social medias.
Also the ted talks eduated people about the environmental
degradation.

Intergovernmental organization ASEAN it sighned for a treaty

which says no promotion of transboundary pollution

Promoting use of renewable energy resources.

Negative
- Degradation of landscapes
- Homogenization of the area due to globalization of city scapes
- Chinas lego blocks building can build 10 floor building within
2 weeks
- Australia has been importing those lego building, which leads
to homogenization
- Tourism
- Cruise ship in Central US of Belize, loss in the number of
howler monkey
- Increase amounts of disposable wastes.
-

Promotion of free trade

Which increases its amount of export therefore more shipping,
which results in higher air pollution
- TNC exploiting natural resources, such as shell in Nigeria 80 %
of oil is exported which results in oil runoff and 60% oil spills
due to sabotage.
Nigeria oil exports
- Shell is a large oil company (TNC) which has its enterprises in
Nigeria and 2 million barralels of oil are produced per day.
- 80% are exported to outer countries, MEDCs who consumes
large yield of oil for manufacturing
- Environmental degradation occurs
- Small amount of Oil from the oil well has caused run off, which
it infiltrates in the ground water
- The oil pollutants is flowed into the surface water.

In Surface water such as oceans, oils causes oil slicks, where it

makes hard for the bacteria to break down. This results in lack
of sunlight coming in.
Causes less photosynthesis, and affects the biodiversity
Ogoni river is contaminated.