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Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD
Pgina 1 de 20
STAAD.Pro 2005 Release Report

AD.2005.3.1 Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD
Description
Design of steel members with web openings per AISC Steel Design Guide 2 - ASD
specifications is now available in STAAD. The facility is available for members whose yield
strength is 65 ksi or less.
In the current implementation, the web openings are given consideration only during the design
phase. The reduction in section properties caused by the presence of the openings is not
considered automatically during the analysis phase. Hence, the analysis is performed as if the
full section properties are effective for such members.
During the design process, the program first determines the utilization ratio (U.R.) at the
location of the opening as though it is an unreinforced opening. If the U.R. is less than 1.0, the
member is presumed to have passed the requirements at that location. If the U.R. exceeds 1.0,
then it determines the U.R. as though it is a reinforced opening. If it fails this too, the cause of
the failure along with the associated numerical values is reported.
Procedure :
The following are the salient points of the design process.
1. Only a code check operation is permitted on members with web openings. The MEMBER
SELECTION process will not be performed if a web opening is specified for the
member.
2. The CODE CHECK operation is performed at the following locations along the member
span :
a)
The 13 equally spaced points along the member span customary with the BEAM 1
parameter
OR
The section locations specified using the SECTION command if the BEAM parameter
is set to 0.0
OR
The 2 member ends if BEAM parameter is set to 0, and the SECTION command is
not specified.
b) At the web openings locations defined using the RHOLE and CHOLE parameters (see the
parameter table later in this section).
If any of the locations defined under (a) above happen to coincide with those in (b), such
locations are designed as places where openings are located, and not as an unperforated section
location.
The utilization ratio (U.R.) is determined for all the locations in (a) above, as well as all the
locations in (b) above. The highest value among these locations is deemed critical from the
design standpoint.
The design output consists of the critical value obtained from checking the locations under (a),
mk:@MSITStore:C:\SProV8i%20SS5\STAAD\Help\Release_Report_2005.chm::/RR_20... 29/03/2016
Pgina 2 de 20
and each of the locations under (b).

Currently, the critical location among those in (b) are NOT displayed in the post-processing
pages of the program such as the Beam-Unit Check page, or the Member Query-Steel Design
tab.
Members declared as TRUSSes or TENSION-only are not designed for web openings.
Design steps for Steel Beam with Web Opening
At the location of web holes, the capacity of the section is determined using the rules explained
below.
(b)
Opening configurations for steel beams, (a) Unreinforced opening, (b) reinforced opening.
Section Properties Required:
As
d
tw
bf
tf
Z
J
L
Lb
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Cross-sectional area of steel in the unperforated member (at a section along

the beam where there is no opening)
Depth of beam
Thickness of web
Width of flange
Thickness of flange
Plastic section modulus of member without opening
Torsional constant of the beam
Length of the member
Unbraced length of compression flange
Opening Information Required:

e
=
Eccentricity of opening = | e |
sign convention for eccentricity : upward eccentricity + e
downward eccentricity - e
Pgina 3 de 20
Loading :
Vu
Mu
=
=
Factored shear at different opening locations

Factored bending moment at different opening locations
Calculated Parameters
Opening Properties :
Circular Opening :
Unreinforced Opening :
h o = D o for bending
h o = 0.9 D o for shear
a o = 0.45 D o
Reinforced Opening :
h o = D o for bending and shear
a o = 0.45 D o
Tee Properties :
st
sb
=
=
=
=
Depth of top tee

d/2 (h o / 2 + e) (refer the figure above)
Depth of bottom tee
d/2 (h o / 2 - e) . (refer the figure above)
Reinforcement Properties :
Ar
tr
br
Dr
=
=
=
=
Area of reinforcement on each side of the opening

Thickness of reinforcement bar
Width of reinforcement bar
Depth of reinforcement bar
Calculation Steps
Step 1 : Check for local buckling of compression flange and reinforcement (if any)
(AISC Design Guide 2 for Web Openings : section 3.7.a.1)
Width to thickness ratio of compression flange, F 1 = b f / 2t f
Width to thickness ratio of web reinforcement, F 2 = b r / t r
Limiting width to thickness ratio, B 1 = 65 / F y
F 1 and F 2 must not exceed B 1 .
Step 2 : Check for web buckling
Width to thickness ratio of web, W 1 = (d 2t f ) / t w
W 1 must not exceed 520/ F y
Pgina 4 de 20
Step 3 : Check for opening dimensions to prevent web buckling

(AISC Design Guide 2 for Web Openings : section 3.7.a.2 & section 3.7.b.1)
a) Limit on a o / h o as given below,
If W 1 is 420/ F y then web qualifies as stocky,
a o / h o must not exceed 3.0,
If W 1 is 420/ F y but 520/ F y then
a o / h o must not exceed 2.2,
b) h o / d must not exceed 0.7
c) The opening parameter, p o = (a o / h o ) + (6 h o / d) must not exceed 5.6
Step 4 : Check for tee dimensions
(AISC Design Guide 2 for Web Openings : section 3.7.b.1)
a) The maximum depth of the web opening is governed by the following rules :
Depth s t 0.15d, s b 0.15d
b) Aspect ratios of the tees (v = a 0 / s) should not be greater than 12 (a 0 / s b
a0 / st
12)
12,
Step 5 : Check for buckling of tee-shaped compression zone

The tee, which is in compression, is investigated as an axially loaded column. For unreinforced
members this is not done when the aspect ratio of the tee
is less than or equal to 4. For
reinforced openings, this check is only done for large openings in regions of high moment.
Step 6 : Calculation for Maximum Moment Capacity M m
(AISC Design Guide 2 for Web Openings : section 3.5.a)
For unperforated section
Pgina 5 de 20
a) If t w e < A r
b) If t w e
Ar
Step 7 : Calculation for Maximum Shear Capacity V m

(AISC Design Guide 2 for Web Openings : section 3.6.a)
V pb and V pt = Plastic shear capacity of the web of the tee
V pb = F y t w s b / 3
V pt = F y t w s t / 3
The values of aspect ratios b and tand factors b and t(which appear in the equations shown below)
are different for reinforced and unreinforced openings.
For the bottom tee, b = ao / sb and b
For the top tee, t = ao / st and t
s t1 and s b1 are used to calculate for
s t1 = s t - A r / (2b f )
s b1 = s b - A r / (2b f )
reinforced opening.
P r = Force in reinforcement along edge of opening = F y A r
F y t w a o / (2 3)
d rt and d rb = Distance from outside edge of flange to centroid of reinforcement.

d rt = s t - t r
d rb = s b - t r
For the bottom tee, b = ao / sb1 and b
Pr drb / (Vpb sb)
For the top tee, t = ao / st1and t
Pr drt / (Vpt st)
General Equations :
Pgina 6 de 20
Using equations given below for vband vt

vb
= Ratio of nominal shear capacity of bottom tee, Vmb to plastic shear capacity of the
web of the tee = ( 6 + b) / ( b + 3) 1

vt = Ratio of nominal shear capacity of top tee, Vmt to plastic shear capacity of the web
of the tee = ( 6 + t) / ( t + 3)
V mb = V pb a vb
V mt = V pt a vt
V m = Maximum nominal shear capacity at a web opening = V mb + V mt
Step 8 : Check against Maximum Shear Capacity V m
V p = Plastic shear capacity of unperforated web = F y t w d / 3
If W 1 420/ F y , V m must not exceed 2 / 3 V p
If W 1 > 420/ F y but 520/ F y , V m must not exceed 0.45 V p
Step 9 : Check against Moment Shear Interaction

AISC Design Guide 2 for Web Openings : section 3.2 & section 3.4)
R1 = V u / V m
R2 = M u / M m
R1 3 + R2 3
1.0
1.0
R3, R
1.0
Step 11 : Corner Radii (for reinforced opening only)

Minimum radii = the greater of 2t w or 5 / 8 inch
Step 12 : Calculation of length of fillet weld (for reinforced opening only)
For reinforcing bars on both sides / on one side of the web: Fillet welds should be used on both sides of the reinforcement on extensions past the opening.
The required strength of the weld within the length of the opening is,
R wr = 2P r where R wr = Required strength of the weld
The reinforcement should be extended beyond the opening by a distance
Pgina 7 de 20
L 1 = a o / 4 or L 1 = A r 3 / (2t w )
whichever is greater, on each side of the opening. Within each extension, the required strength
of the weld is
R wr = F y A r
Additional requirements for reinforcing bars on one side of the web:A f = area of flange = b f t f
a) A r
Af / 3
b) a o / h o
2.5
c) V1 = s t / t w or V2 = s b / t w
V1 and V2 140 / F y
d) M u / (V u d)
20
Step 13 : Calculation for spacing of openings

Rectangular Opening :
S
S
> = ho
>
V p ))
ao
(V u
Vp)
(1
(V u
Circular Opening :
S > = 1.5 D o
S > = D o (V u / V p ) / (1 - (V u / V p ))
Step 14 : Check for deflection

Deflection check has been performed using the approximate procedure described in section 6.2
of the AISC Design Guide 2 for Web Openings.
Design Parameters
The following additional parameters have been introduced to support the member design with
web opening.
Table 2.3 -- Beam Design with Web Opening Parameters for AISC-ASD
Parameter
Default
Description
Name
Value
RHOLE
None
Section locations of rectangular openings
along the length of the member. Maximum
three locations can be specified for each
member when there is no circular opening.
RDIM
CHOLE
CDIA
HECC
ELECTRODE
0.0
NONE
0.0
0.0
1
Pgina 8 de 20
Dimensions of rectangular openings (at

each section, RDIM has a length term and a
depth term see syntax below). If a
member has more than one rectangular
opening they can have different
dimensions.
Section locations of circular openings
along the length of the member. Maximum
three locations can be specified for each
member when there is no rectangular
opening.
Diameter of circular openings. If a member
has more than one circular opening they
can have different diameters.
Eccentricity of opening with respect to the
centerline of the member.
Weld material to be used for reinforced
opening.
0 => E60XX
1 => E70XX
2 => E80XX
3 => E90XX
4 => E100XX
5 => E110XX
Syntax
RHOLE r1 r2 r3 Memb <list>
CHOLE c1 c2 c3 Memb <list>
Where r1, r2 and r3 and c1, c2 and c3 are the section locations of three rectangular and three
circular openings respectively, along the length of the member in ascending order from the start
of the member (i.e. r1< r2<r3 and c1< c2<c3)
Note :
Maximum number of openings allowed for each member is 3. Thus there can be 3 rectangular
openings or 3 circular openings or a combination of 3 rectangular and circular openings for
each member.
RDIM [l1 d1] [l2 d2] [l3 d3] Memb <list>
Where l1, l2 and l3 are the three different lengths and d1, d2 and d3 are the three different
depths of the rectangular openings.
CDIA d1 d2 d3 Memb <list>
Where d1, d2 and d3 are the three different diameters of the circular openings.
HECC e1 e2 e3 Memb <list>
Note :
If the eccentricity of the opening is in the negative local Y-axis of the member the sign should
be negative.
ELECTRODE f Memb <list>
Where f is the weld material used to calculate size and length of fillet weld required to connect
Pgina 9 de 20
reinforcing bars on beam web at opening.

Example
UNIT
INCH
PARAMETER
RHOLE 0.4 0.6
MEMB 5
RDIM 10.0 5.0 20.0 10.0 MEMB
5
MEMB 5
CDIA 10.0 MEMB
5
ELECTRODE 3 MEMB 5
CHOLE 0.8
The above example shows that member 5 contains two rectangular openings at sections 0.4 and
0.6 whereas one circular opening is located at section 0.8 of the member. The dimensions of
rectangular openings are 10.0 X 5.0 and 20.0 X 10.0 inch respectively whereas diameter of
circular opening is 10.0 inch.
Example 1 : Design of a steel beam with web openings
This example illustrates the design procedure applied at the location of the web opening. The
design at locations where openings are not present is not shown in this example.
Input :
Design Method : ASD
Beam No : 5
Beam Section : W21X50
d = 20.83 in
t w = 0.38 in
b f = 6.53 in
t f = 0.535 in
Z = 110 in 3
L = 10 ft
Weld Properties : E90XX
F y,weld = 90 ksi
Weld Stress = 54 ksi
Opening Type : Rectangular

Number of openings : 1
Section location of Opening : 0.6
a 0 = 20 in
h 0 = 10 in
Pgina 10 de 20
e = 0 in ( concentric opening )
F y = 36 ksi
Capacity check at web hole assuming an unreinforced opening:
Loading :
V u = 34.46 kip
M u = 2510.7 kip-inch
Tee Properties :
s t = 5.415 in
s b = 5.415 in
Check for local buckling of compression flange :
width to thickness ratio F 1 =

limiting ratio =
= 6.1028
= 10.833 > F 1 Hence O.K
Check for web buckling :
width to thickness ratio of web W 1 =

limiting ratio =
= 52
= 86.667 > W 1 Hence O.K
Check for opening dimensions to prevent web buckling :
Since W 1 <=
= 70 , a 0 / h 0 = 2 < 3.0
h 0 / d = 0.4801 < 0.7

Opening parameter p 0 =
= 4.8805 < 5.6 Hence OK
Check for Tee dimension :
st =
= 5.415 in > =
= 3.1245 in
sb =
= 5.415 in > =
Aspect Ratio : n t =
nb =
Pgina 11 de 20
= 3.1245 in
= 3.6934 < 12.0,

= 3.6934 < 12.0
Hence OK
Calculation of Maximum Moment Capacity :

For unperforated section M p =
As=
= 3.8 in 2
Mm =
= 3960 kip-inch
3618 kip-inch <= M p Hence OK
Calculation of Maximum Shear Capacity :
V pb =
= 42.768 kips
V pt =
= 42.768 kips
For unreinforced opening :

= 0, t = 0
b
Ratio of nominal shear capacity of tees :
vb
= 0.4515 <= 1.0,
vt
= 0.4515 <= 1.0
V mb =
= 19.309 kips
V mt =
= 19.309 kips
Vm =
= 38.618 kips
Hence OK
Hence OK
Check against Maximum Shear capacity :
Vp =
Pgina 12 de 20
= 164.52 kips
Since W 1 <=
, V m <=
= 109.68 kips
Hence OK
Check against Moment Shear Interaction :
R1 =
= 0.8923 <= 1.0 R 2 =
= 0.6939 <= 1.0
R =
= 1.0147 > 1.0
Not OK .. Try with a Reinforced web opening .
Capacity check at web hole assuming a reinforced opening:
Reinforcement should be selected to reduce R to 1.0
Let us assume,
Thickness of Reinforcement t r = 0.1875 in
Width of Reinforcement b r = 0.25 in
Check for local buckling of compression flange :
width to thickness ratio of web reinforcement F 2 =

limiting ratio =
= 10.833 > F 2
Area of Reinforcement A r =
= 1.3333
Hence O.K
= 0.0469 in 2
Calculation of Maximum Moment Capacity :

For unperforated section M p =
DA s =
= 3.7063 in 2
Since
= 3960 kip-inch
= 0 < Ar
Mm =
= 3634.88 kip-inch <= M p Hence OK
Calculation of Maximum Shear Capacity :
V pb =
= 42.768 kips
V pt =
= 42.768 kips
s t1 =
5.4114 in
s b1 =
5.4114 in
Pr =
= 1.6875 <=
d rt =
= 5.3213
d rb =
= 5.3213
= 78.982 kips
= 3.6959
= 0.0775
= 3.6959
= 0.0775
vb
= 0.4656 <= 1.0
vt
= 0.4656
<= 1.0
V mb =
= 19.911 kips
V mt =
= 19.911 kips
Vm =
Pgina 13 de 20
Hence Ok
Hence OK
= 39.823 kips
Check against Maximum Shear capacity :
Vp =
Since W 1 <=
= 164.52 kips
, V m <=
= 109.68 kips
Hence OK
Check against Moment Shear Interaction :
R1 =
= 0.8653
<=
1.0
R2 =
= 0.6907
<=
1.0
R =
0.9924 < 1.0
Pgina 14 de 20
Hence OK
Calculation of length of Fillet Weld :

= 3.4936 in 2
Af =
For reinforcing bars on one side of the web :

= 1.1645 in 2
A r <=
Hence OK
a 0 / h 0 = 2 < = 2.5 Hence OK
V1 =
= 14.25
V 1 and V 2 <=
V2 =
= 23.333 kips
M u / ( V u d) = 3.4977 < = 20
R wr1 =
Hence OK
Hence OK
= 3.375 kips (strength of weld within the length of the opening)
L 1 = max (
) = 5 in (length extended on each side of the opening)
Thus, Length of bar =

R wr2 =
= 14.25
= 30 in
= 1.6875 kips (strength of weld for extension on each side of opening)
Strength of Weld R wr = max(R wr1, R wr2 ) = 3.375 kips

Fillet Weld Size = 0.0044 in (rounded to nearest weld size of 0.0625 in)
Corner Radii :
Minimum Radii = max (
Output :
, ) = 0.76 in
Reinforcement is required at web opening.

Interaction Ratio ( R ) = 0.99
Pgina 15 de 20
Length of reinforcement bar = 30 in

Width of reinforcement bar = 0.25 in
Thickness of reinforcement bar = 0.1875 in
Fillet Weld Size = 0.0625 in
STAAD PLANE EXAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 18-May-05
END JOB INFORMATION
UNIT FEET KIP
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 30 0 0; 3 0 20 0; 4 10 20 0; 5 20 20 0; 6 30 20 0; 7 0 35 0;
8 30 35 0; 9 7.5 35 0; 10 22.5 35 0; 11 15 35 0; 12 5 38 0; 13 25 38 0;
14 10 41 0; 15 20 41 0; 16 15 44 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 3; 2 3 7; 3 2 6; 4 6 8; 5 3 4; 6 4 5; 7 5 6; 8 7 12; 9 12 14;
10 14 16; 11 15 16; 12 13 15; 13 8 13; 14 9 12; 15 9 14; 16 11 14;
17 11 15; 18 10 15; 19 10 13; 20 7 9; 21 9 11; 22 10 11; 23 8 10;
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
1 3 4 TABLE ST W14X90
2 TABLE ST W10X49
8 TO 13 TABLE ST W18X35
14 TO 23 TABLE ST L40404
MEMBER TRUSS
14 TO 23
MEMBER RELEASE
5 START MZ
UNIT INCHES KIP
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC MATERIAL1
E 29000
POISSON 0.3
DENSITY 0.000283
ISOTROPIC STEEL
E 29732.7
POISSON 0.3
DENSITY 0.000283
ALPHA 1.2e-005
DAMP 0.03
END DEFINE MATERIAL
CONSTANTS
BETA 90 MEMB 3 4
MATERIAL MATERIAL1 MEMB 1 TO 4 6 TO 23
MATERIAL STEEL MEMB 5
UNIT FEET KIP
SUPPORTS
1 FIXED
2 PINNED
PRINT MEMBER INFORMATION LIST 1 5 14
PRINT MEMBER PROPERTIES LIST 1 2 5 8 14
LOAD 1 DEAD AND LIVE LOAD
SELFWEIGHT X 1
SELFWEIGHT Y -1
JOINT LOAD
4 5 FY -15
11 FY -35
MEMBER LOAD
8 TO 13 UNI Y -0.9
6 UNI GY -1.2
CALCULATE RAYLEIGH FREQUENCY
Pgina 16 de 20
LOAD 2 WIND FROM LEFT

MEMBER LOAD
1 2 UNI GX 0.6
8 TO 10 UNI Y -1
* 1/3 RD INCREASE IS ACCOMPLISHED BY 75% LOAD
LOAD COMB 3 75 PERCENT DL LL WL
1 0.75 2 0.75
1 2.75 2 2.75
PERFORM ANALYSIS
LOAD LIST 4
UNIT INCHES KIP
PARAMETER
CODE AISC
*WEB OPENINGS
*********************
RHOLE 0.6 MEMB 5
RDIM 20.0 10.0 MRMB 5
electrode 3
*********************
CHECK CODE MEMB 5 6
FINISH
STAAD.PRO CODE CHECKING - (AISC 9TH EDITION)

********************************************
ALL UNITS ARE - KIP INCH (UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)
MEMBER
TABLE
RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/
FX
MY
MZ
LOCATION
=======================================================================
* 5 ST W21X50
FAIL
50.64 T
(AISC SECTIONS)
AISC- H2-1
2.283
4
0.00
-4151.66 120.00
OUTPUT FOR WEB OPENING

---------------------SECTION LOAD
MZ/
FY/
IR
MOM. CAP. (Mm) SHR. CAP. (Vm) ((MZ/Mm)^3+(FY/Vm)^3)^0.33
=======================================================================
0.600
2510.67
34.46
3634.88
39.82
0.99
REINFORCING BARS : TO BE PLACED ON ONE SIDE OF WEB

BAR DIMENSION : LENGTH = 30.00 WIDTH = 0.25 THICKNESS = .1875
FILLET WELD : SIZE REQD = 0.0625 inch LENGTH REQD = 30.00
======================= END WEB OPENING OUTPUT ========================
* 6 ST W21X50
(AISC SECTIONS)
FAIL AISC- H2-1
2.283
4
50.64 T
0.00
-4151.66
0.00
Example 2 : Deflection check for a steel beam with web openings:

Input :
Design Method : ASD
Beam No : 5
Pgina 17 de 20
Beam Section : W21X50

d = 20.83 in t w = 0.38 in b f = 6.53 in t f = 0.535 in Z = 110 in 3 L = 360 in
E = 29732.71 kip/inch 2
Opening Type : Rectangular
Location of Opening : S open = 0.3
a 0 = 20 in h 0 = 10 in e = 0 in ( concentric opening )
F y = 36 ksi
Loading at critical location :
V u = 9.51 kip M u = 344.36 kip-inch
Location of maximum deflection from start of the member : L critical = 120 in
Tee Properties :
s t = 5.415 in s b = 5.415 in
= 6.4514 in 3
MomentArea =
= 5.34795 in 2
Area =
C yt =
= 1.20632 in
I zz,t = I zz,b =
= 12.644 in 3 (concentric opening)
= 25.2872 in 3
I zz =
Deflection check :
Rt =
= 0.5
Vt =
= 4.755
0t
Rb =
= 0.01686 in
= 0.5
Vb =
0b
= 4.755
= 0.01686 in
Pgina 18 de 20
0.03373 in
L 0 = distance from high moment end of opening to adjacent support

=
= 314 in
L 2 = distance from support to the point where deflection is maximum
=
= 240 in
L3 =
= 74 in
Dp1 =
= 0.02578 in
p2
= 0.00011
= 0.00126
0.08799
= 0.11377 in (extra deflection due to opening)
displacement factor : factor = 750

allow
Ratio of
= 0.48 in
actual
/ allow = 0.66 (without web opening)
Thus, Dactual = 0.3168 in (from analysis considering stiffness of unperforated

member without web opening)
Total deflection considering the effect of web hole,
=
= 0.4306 in
actual,wb
Ratio =
= 0.897
STAAD PLANE EXAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1

START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 18-May-05
END JOB INFORMATION
UNIT FEET KIP
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 30 0 0; 3 0 20 0; 4 10 20 0; 5 20 20 0; 6 30 20 0; 7 0 35 0;
8 30 35 0; 9 7.5 35 0; 10 22.5 35 0; 11 15 35 0; 12 5 38 0; 13 25 38 0;
14 10 41 0; 15 20 41 0; 16 15 44 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 3; 2 3 7; 3 2 6; 4 6 8; 5 3 4; 6 4 5; 7 5 6; 8 7 12; 9 12 14;
10 14 16; 11 15 16; 12 13 15; 13 8 13; 14 9 12; 15 9 14; 16 11 14;
17 11 15; 18 10 15; 19 10 13; 20 7 9; 21 9 11; 22 10 11; 23 8 10;
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
Pgina 19 de 20
2 TABLE ST W10X49
8 TO 13 TABLE ST W18X35
14 TO 23 TABLE ST L40404
MEMBER TRUSS
14 TO 23
MEMBER RELEASE
5 START MZ
UNIT INCHES KIP
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC MATERIAL1
E 29000
POISSON 0.3
DENSITY 0.000283
ISOTROPIC STEEL
E 29732.7
POISSON 0.3
DENSITY 0.000283
ALPHA 1.2e-005
DAMP 0.03
END DEFINE MATERIAL
CONSTANTS
BETA 90 MEMB 3 4
MATERIAL MATERIAL1 MEMB 1 TO 4 6 TO 23
MATERIAL STEEL MEMB 5
UNIT FEET KIP
SUPPORTS
1 FIXED
2 PINNED
PRINT MEMBER INFORMATION LIST 1 5 14
PRINT MEMBER PROPERTIES LIST 1 2 5 8 14
LOAD 1 DEAD AND LIVE LOAD
SELFWEIGHT X 1
SELFWEIGHT Y -1
JOINT LOAD
4 5 FY -15
11 FY -35
MEMBER LOAD
8 TO 13 UNI Y -0.9
6 UNI GY -1.2
CALCULATE RAYLEIGH FREQUENCY
LOAD 2 WIND FROM LEFT
MEMBER LOAD
1 2 UNI GX 0.6
8 TO 10 UNI Y -1
* 1/3 RD INCREASE IS ACCOMPLISHED BY 75% LOAD
1 0.75 2 0.75
PERFORM ANALYSIS
LOAD LIST 3
UNIT INCHES KIP
PARAMETER
CODE AISC
DFF 750
DJ1 3 MEMB 5
DJ2 6 MEMB 5
*WEB OPENINGS
*********************
RHOLE 0.3 MEMB 5
RDIM 20.0 10.0 MEMB 5
*********************
Pgina 20 de 20
CHECK CODE MEMB 5

FINISH
STAAD.PRO CODE CHECKING - (AISC 9TH EDITION)

********************************************
ALL UNITS ARE - KIP INCH (UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)
MEMBER
TABLE
RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/
FX
MY
MZ
LOCATION
=======================================================================
5 ST W21X50
PASS
14.18 T
(AISC SECTIONS)
DEFLECTION
0.897
0.00
0.00 120.00
OUTPUT FOR WEB OPENING

---------------------SECTION LOAD
MZ/
FY/
IR
MOM. CAP. (Mm) SHR. CAP. (Vm) ((MZ/Mm)^3+(FY/Vm)^3)^0.33
=======================================================================
0.300
344.36
3618.00
9.51
38.62
0.25
======================= END WEB OPENING OUTPUT ========================

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Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

STAAD.Pro 2005 Release Report

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

and each of the locations under (b).

Cross-sectional area of steel in the unperforated member (at a section along

Opening Information Required:

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

Factored shear at different opening locations

Depth of top tee

Area of reinforcement on each side of the opening

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

Step 3 : Check for opening dimensions to prevent web buckling

Step 5 : Check for buckling of tee-shaped compression zone

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

Step 7 : Calculation for Maximum Shear Capacity V m

P r = Force in reinforcement along edge of opening = F y A r

d rt and d rb = Distance from outside edge of flange to centroid of reinforcement.

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

Using equations given below for vband vt

web of the tee = ( 6 + b) / ( b + 3) 1

Step 9 : Check against Moment Shear Interaction

Step 11 : Corner Radii (for reinforced opening only)

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

Step 13 : Calculation for spacing of openings

Step 14 : Check for deflection

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

Dimensions of rectangular openings (at

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

reinforcing bars on beam web at opening.

Opening Type : Rectangular

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

width to thickness ratio F 1 =

= 10.833 > F 1 Hence O.K

Check for web buckling :

width to thickness ratio of web W 1 =

= 86.667 > W 1 Hence O.K

Check for opening dimensions to prevent web buckling :

h 0 / d = 0.4801 < 0.7

= 4.8805 < 5.6 Hence OK

Check for Tee dimension :

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

= 3.6934 < 12.0,

Calculation of Maximum Moment Capacity :

3618 kip-inch <= M p Hence OK

Calculation of Maximum Shear Capacity :

For unreinforced opening :

= 0.4515 <= 1.0,

= 0.4515 <= 1.0

Check against Maximum Shear capacity :

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

Check against Moment Shear Interaction :

= 0.8923 <= 1.0 R 2 =

= 0.6939 <= 1.0

width to thickness ratio of web reinforcement F 2 =

Calculation of Maximum Moment Capacity :

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

= 0.4656 <= 1.0

Check against Maximum Shear capacity :

Check against Moment Shear Interaction :

Designing I-beams with web openings per AISC ASD

0.9924 < 1.0

Calculation of length of Fillet Weld :

For reinforcing bars on one side of the web :

a 0 / h 0 = 2 < = 2.5 Hence OK