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Koala

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Although they are commonly referred to as "koala bears" because of the
resemblance to teddy bears, koalas are not bears. The koalas are
marsupials. This is one of the oldest classes of animals, existing since
over fty thousand years ago. Koalas average about twenty-six pounds
in weight and thirty-one inches in length. The coat of the koala is the
thickest among the marsupials and has a gray to tawny color. White
coloration appears on the chin, chest, and forelimbs. The fur is short,
soft, densely packed, and springy to the touch. It is the most eective fur
insulation among animals. The koalas do not rely on fat beneath the skin
for insulation; rather, blood ow to the extremities can be reduced as a
means to conserve heat. In the rain, water runs o the koala's fur. Only
sick koalas will appear to be wet when it rains.
Koala Life
Koalas are nocturnal and highly arboreal, living solitary lives high up in
eucalyptus trees. Koalas are known as phalangers, because they use
their hands and hind feet to eectively grip tree trunks and branches
when tree climbing and jumping from tree to tree. They walk with a
clumsy gait in the following sequence: front right foot then back left foot,
front left foot, back right foot. They have a very specialized diet, feeding
almost exclusively on the leaves of a few species of eucalyptus. The
leaves provide most of their water intake; in fact, the word "koala" means
"no drink" in Aboriginal languages. For an average day, a koala will
consume about a pound of leaves. They are very fussy eaters, typically
being very careful in selecting which leaves from a bough to ingest. The
koala uses a set of thirty teeth, comprising incisors, canines, premolars,
and molars, to chew the eucalyptus leaves. Each day the koala spends
approximately eighteen to twenty-one hours sleeping or resting. In
order to communicate, the koala uses a range of vocalizations. The male
koala uses a deep, grunting bellow to communicate its physical and
social position. The sound can resemble a far-o rumbling, like a
motorcycle or pig snorting. During the mating season, the koala will use
the bellowing as a means to locate and accurately pinpoint potential
mates. The mating call is a deep, loud, guttural sound that can be heard
for long distances. Female koalas do not show the same level of
bellowing. Their calls communicate aggression and are part of the
mating ritual. Both the male and female koalas share a similar call,
sounding like a baby screaming. This is often accompanied by shaking
and signals fear. Mother and cubs make soft squeaking noises to one
another, as well as humming or murmuring.
Koala Reproduction

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Females of the species have a pouch in which the young develop. The
young are born in nearly embryonic form about the size of a human's
little nger. After birth, the infant travels to the mother's pouch, where it
attaches to teat. The teat then becomes engorged and forms a seal with
the newborn. A single ospring is usually born. It is not until twenty-four
weeks after birth that the young is covered with fur and develops teeth.
The rst six months of life are spent in the mother's pouch. The cub
remains with the mother until about twelve months after birth. Mating is
a brief event that takes place about once a year. Male koalas are
nomadic and play virtually no part in the raising of the young. Extensive
chlamydia infection has caused widespread infertility in female koalas
and is a major contributing factor in their declining numbers.
Koala Facts

Classication:
Kingdom: Animal
Phylum: Vertibrata
Class: Mammalia
Subclass: Marsupialia
Order: Diprotodontia
Suborder: Vombatiformes
Infraorder: Phascolarctomorphia
Family: Phascolarctidae
Genus and species: Phascolarctos cinereus
Subspecies: P. c. victor (Victoria), P. c. cinereus (New South Wales), P.
c. adustus (Queensland)
Geographical location: Two main groups living out in the wild are in
eastern Australia in an area extending from Cooktown in northern
Queensland to southwestern Victoria; have been introduced into
western and southern Australia
Habitat:Wild eucalyptus forests and woodlands; they are found only in
pockets with suitable vegetation of a relatively small number of
eucalyptus species that they prefer to ingest
Gestational period: Thirty-ve days
Life span: Thirteen to eighteen years
Special anatomy: Females have a pouch that faces the rear and has a
drawstring type muscle which can be tightened to close the opening;
mammary glands are located along the abdomen within the pouch;
females have a duplicate reproductive system with two vaginas; males
have dual-pronged, forked penises; each hand has two opposable
thumbs, which are crucial for the ability to climb and cling to trees;
digestive system includes a caecum, a structure used to digest
eucalyptus leaves and assist in water extraction
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PhotoGalleryof-Koala

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