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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus
Chronology of Jesus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Contents
1 Context and overview
2 Year of birth
2.1 Nativity accounts: Luke and Matthew
2.2 Working backwards from when Jesus began preaching
3 Years of preaching
3.1 Reign of Tiberius and the Gospel of Luke
3.2 Jerusalem Temple and the Gospel of John
3.3 Josephus' reference to the Baptist
4 Year of death
4.1 Prefecture of Pontius Pilate
4.2 Reign of Herod Antipas
4.3 Conversion of Paul
4.4 Astronomical analysis
4.4.1 Newton's method
5 Date of birth and death
5.1 Day of birth
5.2 Day of death
5.2.1 Hour of death
6 Other approaches
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
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A 1466 copy of
Jewish historian
Flavius Josephus' first
century work
Antiquities of the
Jews, widely used to
establish the
chronology of
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Year of birth
The two major, and independent, approaches to estimating the year of
the birth of Jesus combine the accounts given in some of the Canonical
gospels with non-biblical historical data to arrive at a date range, as
discussed in the two sub-sections below. There are a wide range of more
speculative theories, and some are discussed at the end of this article in
the "other approaches" section.
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Years of preaching
Reign of Tiberius and the Gospel of Luke
One method for the estimation of the date of the beginning of the ministry
of Jesus is based on the Gospel of Luke's specific statement in Luke
3:1-2 about the ministry of John the Baptist which preceded that of
Jesus:[6][7]
Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius
Pilate being governor of Judaea, and Herod being tetrarch of
Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of the region of Ituraea
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Year of death
Prefecture of Pontius Pilate
See also: Pilate's court, Josephus on Jesus, and Tacitus on Christ
All four Canonical gospels state that Jesus
was crucified during the prefecture of
Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of
Judea.[76][77]
In the Antiquities of the Jews (written about
93 AD) Josephus, states (Ant 18.3) that
Jesus was crucified on the orders of
Pilate.[78] Most scholars agree that while
this reference includes some later Christian
interpolations, it originally included a
reference to the execution of Jesus under
Pilate.[79][80][81][82][83]
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Conversion of Paul
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Astronomical analysis
One possible approach to dating the death of Jesus is by using
astronomical evidence to establish the dates of Passover. The difficulty
here is that the Jewish calendar was based not on astronomical
calculation but on observation. It is possible to establish whether the
moon was visible on a particular day but not whether it was actually
sighted.,[113] As E. P. Sanders has pointed out, we cannot recreate local
atmospheric conditions of two thousand years ago: "the synoptic
chronology cannot be confirmed by astronomy, but neither can it be
disproved".[114] Nevertheless, some writers such as astronomer Colin
Humphreys have attempted to confirm the crucifixion date using this
method, obtaining 3 April 33[115][116] or 1 April 33.[117][118]
Newton's method
In 1733,[119] Isaac Newton estimated the date of the crucifixion by
calculating the relative visibility of the crescent of the new moon.[30][31] In
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Neither gospel account mentions what time of year the birth took place.
The Gospel of Luke reference to shepherds grazing their sheep in the
fields implies a birth during the springtime, summer or early fall.[126]
[127][128]
Day of death
In the Synoptic Gospels the Last Supper took place on the first night of
Passover, defined in the Torah as occurring after the daylight of the 14th
of Nisan.[133] However, the Gospel of John implies that at the time of the
trial the Jewish leaders had not yet eaten the Passover meal[134][135]
and that his sentencing took place on the day of Preparation of the
Passover.[Jn. 19:14] John's account places the crucifixion on Nisan 14,
since the law mandated the lamb had to be sacrificed between 3:00 pm
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A Papyrus 90
fragment of John 19
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contracts and leases, and days were normally counted from sunrise: "It is
difficult to understand why this Evangelist alone should have such an
unusual method of reckoning time".[152][153] William Barclay has argued
that the portrayal of the death of Jesus in the John Gospel is a literary
construct, presenting the crucifixion as taking place at the time on the
day of Passover when the sacrificial lamb would be killed, and thus
portraying Jesus as the Lamb of God.[154]
Other approaches
A wide range of approaches to the chronology of Jesus have been
suggested over the centuries, but have little support among modern
scholars, e.g. Maximus the Confessor, Eusebius, and Cassiodorus
recorded the death of Jesus in 31 AD. The 3rd/4th century Roman
historian Lactantius states that Jesus was crucified on a particular day in
29 AD, but that did not correspond to a full moon.[155]
Some commentators have attempted to establish the date of birth by
identifying the Star of Bethlehem with some known astronomical or
astrological phenomenon.[156] There are many possible phenomena and
none seems to match the Gospel account.[157] Many scholars regard the
star as a literary invention of the author of the Gospel of Matthew, to
claim fulfillment of an Old Testament prophecy (Numbers 24:17).[158]
See also
Christ myth theory
Detailed Christian timeline
Gospel harmony
Historical Jesus
Life of Christ in art
Life of Jesus in the New Testament
Timeline of the Bible
References
1. ^ a b c Encyclopedia of theology: a
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External links
Catholic Encyclopedia (1910): Chronology of the Life of Jesus Christ
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08377a.htm)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Chronology_of_Jesus&oldid=598374159"
Categories: Jesus Chronology Religion timelines Jesus and history
1st-century Christianity
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