Soil Mechanics & Foundation Equations Sheet

1m=10dm=100cm=1000mm
1=0.3048m
1m2=10000cm2
1foot=12incehs 1=12 1inch=1in=1=2.54cm=25.4mm
F=ma
1N=1kg*m/s2
1Pa=1N/m2
1m=1odm=100cm=1000mm 21=0.3048m
g=9.81m/s
1m=3.281ft
3
w 1ton / m g=9.81m/s
1000kg /2=32.2ft/s
m 3 10 6 2g /(100cm) 3 1g / cm 3
2
1m=3.281
ft
F=ma
1N=1kg*m/s
2
2
6
w 1ton / m 3 1000g=9.81m/s
kg / m 3 10=32.2ft/s
g /(100cm) 3 1g / cm 3
3
3
w 1ton / m 1000
kg / m 10 6 g /(100cm) 3 1g / cm 3
w 9.81KN / m 3 62.41b / ft 3 62.4 PCF
3
3
w 9.81KN / m
62lb/ft
.41b 3/ ft1MPa=145
62.4 PCF
1psf=144psi
1pcf=1
PSI

s w 2
D
18

D( mm) K

L(cm)
t (min)

18

Gs 1 w

Cu

30
Gs 1

D60
D10

D302
D60 D10
W W Ww (G s Se)
s

w
V
V
1 e
Cc

Ws Gs w

V
1 e
G 1 w
s w
d 1 w
1 e
W Ww G s w e w G s e w
sat s

V
1 e
1 e
s
Ws
Gs

w Vs w
W
w w
Ws

Wa=0

Air

Va=e-wGs

Vv=e
Ww=wGsYw

Water Vw=wGs

Ws=GsYw1

Solid Vs=1

Three Phase Diagram of Soil

vs

V
ki
e v
Vs
ne

Dr

d d (min) d (max)
e max e

e max e min d (max) d (min) d

Vv
V

Vw wG s

Vv
e

Se wGs

w
SL

PL

PI=LL--PL

LI
PI LL PL

w PL
LL PL
w PL
LL PL

LI

I P wL w P

LL

IL

w wP
IP

I P 0.73 wL 20
h h p hz

h
L

p
z
w

Q kiA

k 2.303

w
K

QL
Aht

ho
aL
log10
At
h1

k (cm / sec) CD102 (mm)

NF
ND

Q kLh

u h p w

n
u A w hUB h A Z A
ND

0.03
0.15

d (mm) D10 (mm)

hc ( m)

k parallel

k H

H
i

k normal

Hi
ki

4T cos
2
hc
d hc w T cos d
d w
4
S
u
w h
100

'
w

icr

FS
z H

'
iav w

' z z u ; z' H ( z ) induced u

j i w
z' ( j ) H u
2

x
y x
2
Major and minor principal stresses: 1,3 y

xy
2
2

y
x
y
x
n x sin 2 y cos 2 xy sin 2

cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2
y x y x
n

cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2
y x
n
sin 2 xy cos 2
2
2 xy
tan 2
y x

1
3

y x

y x

2

xy2

3 1 3
1

cos 2
2
2
3
1
sin 2
2
p z

J. Boussinesq Eqs:

3 P z 3 3P
z3

2 L5 2 r 2 z 2

Square Foundation:
Circular Foundation:

BL

( B z f )( L z f )

z q

2R 5

B
Z
R
I
Z
m

L
Z

z fill

Wa=0

Air

'
zf

Va=e-wGs
OCR

Vv=e

Ww=wGsYw

Water Vw=wGs

Ws=GsYw1
Ws=GsYw1

Solid Vs=1
Solid Vs=1

Three Phase Diagram of Soil

Three Phase Diagram of Soil

5/2

3Pz 3f

fill

H fill

'
zo

( z ) induced

c'
p
c
'
p
zo

Das Braja M Das Braja M Das Braja MDas Braja M Das Braja M
Pre Consolidation Pressure Estimation:
For OC:

e
1.122 0.1888 log p c 0.00463 p &
eL

LL %
eL
Gs
100

eo
0.00463 log p o
crf Figure
eL
log p c
0.188
e
LL %
1.122 0.00463 p & e L
Gs
For NC:

eL
100
LL %
e
G s 1.122 0.2343 log p
crf Figure
100
1.122

For Normally Consolidated Clays:

p p
C H

S c log o
1 e0
p
o

C c H i p o i p i

log

e
p
0
o i

For Normally Consolidated Clays:

p p
Cs H

log o
If p o p p c then S
1 e0
p o

If po p pc

Tv

then S

p C H
p p
Cs H

log c c log o
1 e0
p c
p o 1 e0

cv t

H dr2

U%
For 0 U 60%

4 100
1.781 0.933 log100 U % For 60 U 100%

Tv=0.197, U=50%

S
U z t Where S is the total primary consolidation
S

( c ) ult

zf'
Cc H
log '

1 e0
zo
f Dd

( c ) ult

( c ) ult

for NC

dC
dl

zf'
Cr H
log '

1 e0
zo

for OC

CH
zf'
c' C c H
r

log '
log '

1

e
1

0
0
zo
c

kn
q

t
hA
Empirical Procedures to Estimate Void Ratio-Pressure Relationships:

C c I p / 74

C r I p / 370

Cc=0.009(LL-10)
2.3 z' k

cv
w

Tv
U

Cr=Cs=1/5~1/10
1 e k (1 e)

C c
w av

cv t
H dr2

c
u
x100% 1 e
( c ) ult
z

f 45
Su

qu d

2 2

Degree of
Consolidation, U%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

Time Factor, Tv
0
0.008
0.031
0.071
0.126
0.197
0.287
0.403
0.567
0.848

zav

Gs w
w

1 wGs w 1
Gs

C R (%)

1 w

d ( field )
d (max lab )

100

V
1 x100%

V f
d

cut

d fill

Ka tan 2 45
2

z0

2c
Ka

K p tan 2 45
2
q

p
cD u
A

P/b
cD u
B

strip footing
square footing
circular footing
Qu QEB QSF
QSF f * AS
u u h u e normal u e shear