12.

5 Calculation of Failure Probability In the revised EGM just presented, striking

distance is reduced by a factor of 10% so as to exclude all strokes from the
protected area that could cause damage. In the empirical design approach, on
the other hand, a small failure rate is permitted, typically 0.1%. Linck (1975) also
developed a method to provide partial shielding using statistical methods. It
should be pointed out that for the statistical approach to be valid, the size of the
sample needs to be large. For power lines that extend over large distances, the
total exposure area is large and the above criterion is met. It is questionable,
therefore, whether the FIGURE 12.15 Protect