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PROOFREADERS' MARKS AND PROOFREADING

SYMBOLS
Proofreaders' marks or, as they are often called "proofreading symbols", are still used, but with much
less frequency than in the past. The advent of the Internet and word processing programs such as
Microsoft Word and WordPerfect with their editing functions have made these proofreaders' marks almost
obsolete. However, for those who do not like on screen editing and for those who must edit the hardcopy,
these marks are still indispensable. The following is a complete list as taken from the Merriam-Webster
dictionary. Local, in-house style guides may vary from company to company with additional marks
specific to that industry but the proofreading symbols below are common to all. If you wish to be an allencompassing editor or proofreader, ready for any situation, you should know these proofreaders' marks
and be able to use them with ease.
Symbol

Definition

Sample

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rented, traded or sold.

caret

insert a space
space evenly
let stand
transpose
separates proofreader marks. Is also used as a
final stroke after and insertion
move to the left
move to the right
set as ligature (such as
align horizontally
align vertically
broken character
indent or insert em quad space
begin a new paragraph
spell out

set in CAPITALS
set in SMALL CAPITALS
set in lowercase
set in italic
set in roman
set in boldface
hyphen

multi-colored

en dash

19652

Nowt last!e know.

em (or long) dash

superscript or superior
subscript or inferior

centered
comma
apostrophe
period
semicolon
colon
quotation marks
parentheses
brackets
query to author: Is this as it is supposed to be?
inverted letter

wrong font

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