Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Construction
11th 13th Jan 2012
Mike Dyson, GM Well Engineering BG Group
1
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Objectives
1. Be able to articulate the basic principles of well planning,
design and construction.
2. Understand how well design and construction contributes
to optimal field development
3. Recognise the basic drilling and completion stages and
equipment used
4. Possess a basic understanding of alternative completion
designs
5. Appreciate well operations safety, costs and operations
management
2
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Prerequisites
No prior knowledge of well engineering or drilling is required or assumed
Timing
18 hours of lectures during Spring term
Assessment
This material will be assessed as part of Phase 2 of the Group Field Project
Texts
1. A Primer of Oilwell Drilling, 6th edition, Ron Baker, Published by The
University of Texas at Austin
2. Applied Drilling Engineering, Bourgoyne, Chenevert, Millheim and
Young, Published by SPE
3
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Housekeeping
Fire Exits
Alarms
Restrooms
Time schedule
Breaks / Lunches
4
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Your Lecturer
Mike Dyson
MA Eng, MBA, Chartered Engineer, FIMechE
30 years experience in Oil & Gas Industry
Well Engineer, onshore and offshore, costs and
planning, remote operations, contracting and
procurement, drilling management, technology
management
Shell and BG Group
Lived and worked in UK, Netherlands, Brunei, Oman
and USA
5
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Ways of working
Ask questions!
Ask more questions!
There are no dumb questions!
Timing?
Regular breaks
6
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Syllabus
1. Purpose of wells. Well planning.
2. Onshore and offshore drilling and well engineering
3. Rigs and equipment. Drill strings and BHAs. Drill bits and hole-opening. Coring
systems. Hydraulics and hole-cleaning. Drilling practice.
4. Casing and cementing.
5. Special drilling operations. Directional drilling and down-hole motors. Logging
while drilling. High inclination, extended reach and horizontal wells. Slim-hole
operations. Coiled tubing drilling. Fishing.
6. Drilling fluids and fluid systems. Mud system. Mud chemistry. Cuttings cleaning
& discharges. Completion fluids. Environmental concerns & compliance
7. Well control. Well control using mud; Casing selection & design. Primary
cementing. BOPs. Drilling problems & control
8. Completion designs, well testing, sand control, selectivity, smart wells
9. Stimulation operations
10. Well maintenance
11. Drilling and completion costs. Contracts. Learning curves.
12. Safety
Purpose of wells
Subsurface recap
Health, Security, Safety & Environment
Well Construction The Well Delivery Process
Drilling Rigs
4 Functions of the Drilling Rig
Rig Floor Equipment
The Drillstring
Pipe Handling Equipment
Bits
Drilling Fluid, SRE & Waste
8
Well Construction
Casing & Cementation
Directional Drilling
Stuck Pipe
Fishing Operations
Formation Evaluation
Blowouts and Their Causes
Well Control
9
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
11
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
12
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Course Structure
A 360 Degree (slide show) look at Drilling
Operations
Discussions Q&A (things that are obvious to me
after 37 years in the business may not seem
obvious to you therefore ASK
Work simple examples
Drill a simple well on the white board
13
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
14
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
15
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
16
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
17
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Country
Russia
47,570
Iran
26,370
Qatar
25,790
Saudi Arabia
6,568
5,823
United States
5,551
Nigeria
5,015
Algeria
4,359
Venezuela
4,112
10
Iraq
3,170
11
Turkmenistan
2,860
12
Indonesia
2,630
13
China
2,450
14
Norway
2,288
15
Malaysia
2,037
16
Uzbekistan
1,798
17
Kazakhstan
1,765
18
Netherlands
1,684
19
Egypt
1,589
20
Canada
1,537
20
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Porosity:
Ability to contain
Permeability:
Ability to flow through
22
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
23
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
More dense
(compacted by pressure)
24
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
25
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
26
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
..Stratigraphic Section
depths of points of interest
28
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
DRILL
29
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Exploration Well
Discovery Well
Sometimes we miss
30
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
33
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
34
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
36
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Well Construction
The Well Delivery Process
37
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
OPERATE
EXECUTE
SELECT
DEFINE
39
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Step 1
Identify & Assess
Initiate project (an opportunity)
Prepare design concepts
Review field (or well) concept options
Identify field (or well) concept options
Identify long lead items, e.g., special rigs,
special equipment, CRA materials,
Provisional economics
40
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Step 2
Select
Feasibility evaluation
Select best option
Confirm the well design meets objectives
information
production rate
life cycle
Economic justification
41
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Step 3
Define
42
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Step 4
Execute
43
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Step 5
Operate
Evaluate operational performance
Complete end of well report
Catalogue learnings; transfer to next well in
sequence
Share learnings
44
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
45
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Well Construction
Drilling Rigs
46
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
47
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Drilling Rig
Many types
Selection Determined by:
Geographical location
Environment
Depth of well
Type of well
Mobility requirements
Operating cost
48
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Mast
49
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Shallow to
40,000 ft
rating &
more
50
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
51
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
52
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Heli-Rig
-
Remote locations no
infrastructure
Saves cost of road
construction
All components, rig
and drilling equipment
flown in
- 3 ton loads
54
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
55
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Swamp Barge
-
56
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
57
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
58
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Drilling Rig
Flare
Accommodations
Process
Equipment
Jacket
59
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Harsh Environment
- 30 m waves
- 100 knot winds
60
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Tender
Tender serves
(small) platform
Tender is anchored
Drilling services
provided from
tender
61
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
62
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Jack-Up on Platform
Cantilever over platform
Skid rig X Y to well centres
Well centres as tight as 1.5 m
63
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
4 legs
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
3 legs
64
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Round legs
65
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
66
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Generation
Approx
Water Depth
(ft)
Approx
Water Depth
(m)
Dates
First
600
200
Early 1960s
Second
1000
300
1969-1974
Third
1500
500
Early 1980s
Fourth
3000
1000
1990s
Fifth
7500
2500
1998-2004
Sixth
10000
3000
2005-2011
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
67
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
68
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Dynamic Positioning
69
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Ocean Bounty
70
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Production capacity
130,000 barrels of oil
and 150mcf gas per day
Total project cost
$900m (including
pipelines)
71
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
72
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
73
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Land
Barge
Platform
Gravity
Base
Tender
Assisted
Jackup
Semisubmersible
Tension
Leg
Spar
Deepwater
Drillship
Stability
Water depth
> 10000 ft
Dynamic positioned
Dual derrick
Riser handling
74
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Injector
Coiled Tubing
Crane
Tubing Reel
Stripper
Control Cabin
BOP
Power
Unit
75
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
76
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
77
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
78
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Well Construction
4 Functions of a Drilling Rig
81
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
82
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
1.
2.
Rotate
3.
Circulate
4.
Control Pressure
1
4
3
83
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
84
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Crown Block
Travelling Block & Hook
Control
Drawworks
Dead Line
Anchor
85
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Drilling Line
Traveling
Assembly
& Kelly System
Traveling Block
Shock Absorber
Hook
Swivel Bail
Swivel
Kelly Spinner
86
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Top Drive
Dolly
Control
Traveling
Block
Motor
Traveling Assembly
Top Drive System Gear Case
- Hydraulic
Drive Shaft
- Electric
(replaces kelly)
IBOP Valves
Pipehandler
Elevator
Links
87
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
88
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Hook load, lb
Hoisting velocity of travelling block, ft/min
33,000 = conversion factor ft.lb/min per horsepower
Hook to drawworks efficiency (e) between 80 to 90%,
depending on the number of lines in use).
89
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Hypothetical Example
Heaviest load for a given well is 13 3/8 casing run to 10,000ft
Weight casing string in mud = 10,000 x 68 lb/ft = 680000 lbs
x BF (0.9) = 612,000 lbs
If casing needs to be pulled out of hole we have additional
drag (assume 75000 lbs)
Drawworks HP = hook load x hoisting velocity / 33,000 x e
Weight traveling block = 60,000 lbs
Total load = 612,000+75,000+25,000 = 712,000 lbs
Hoisting velocity of travelling block = 45 ft/min
HP = (712,000 x 45 x ).9 / 33000 = 930 horsepower
Repeat for all critical loadings, e.g., POOH @ 15000 ft HP
requires~ 1400 HP
Typical Drawworks range 750 1500 HP (rig capacity)
90
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Kelly Drilling
Rotary Engagement
91
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Kelly Drilling
Rotary Engagement
92
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Traveling Assembly
Top Drive System
(replaces kelly)
93
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Rotate
Circulate
Control
95
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
96
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Injector
Coiled Tubing
Crane
Tubing Reel
Stripper
Control Cabin
BOP
Power
Unit
97
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Circulate
98
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Circulate
Pump fluid
around the
system
Remove Drilled
Cuttings
Add drilling
power at the bit
Clean the bottom
of the hole
Cool the Bit
99
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
100
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Triplex Pump
Pulsation
Dampers
INLET
OUTLET
102
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
103
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Control
104
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
BLOWOUTS HAPPEN
Preventers
105
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Well Control
The cased well is a pressure containment system
When pressure gets too high pressure vents
To surface
Down hole
Barriers include:
Primary ; Drilling fluid, inside a properly cemented casing
Secondary; Blowout Preventers (BOPs) and Valves & Chokes
106
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
107
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Blowout Control
Equipment
108
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Diverter System
(not a barrier / not a
preventer)
109
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Diverter System
Diverter
Accumulator
Diverter Lines
Diverter
110
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
111
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Diverter System
112
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Diverter System
Top hole drilling carries its own
unique risks:
Diverter
Shallow gas
Weak formations
No protective casing
Diverter system
on driven
conductor pipe
113
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Shallow gas
Weak formations
No protective casing
114
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Large bore
Fast , synchronised
hydraulic actuation
Operates using
regulated pressure at
1500 psi
115
Rotate
Circulate
Control
116
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Accumulator
Choke
Manifold
BOP Stack
117
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Choke
Manifold
BOP Stack
118
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Choke
Manifold
BOP Stack
119
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
BOP Stack
Annular
Drilling
Spool
Manual
Gate
Valve
Pipe
Blind
Pipe
HCV
Configurations Vary
According to Well Conditions
Size 20 to 7
Pressure 2000 psi to
20000 psi
Choke
line
side
120
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Annular Preventers
121
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Annular
Rotate
Pipe
Control
Manual
Gate
Valve
Pipe
Blind
Circulate
HCV
Choke
line
side
Several Manufacturers
122
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Annular Preventer
Hydraulically actuated
Hydril GK
13 5/8 bore
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Wear Plate
Packing Unit
Head
Opening Chamber
Piston
Closing Chamber
124
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Choice of materials
Control
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Shaffer Annular
126
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Cameron D Type
127
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Ram Preventers
128
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Cameron U Preventer
Annular
Pipe
Single
Ram
Blind
Pipe
Double
Ram
129
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Cameron U Preventer
130
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
131
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
132
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Shear Rams
Circulate
Control
133
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
134
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Annular
Manual
Gate
Valve
Pipe Ram
Blind
HCV
Choke
line side
Pipe Ram
Cameron FL Gate
Valve
135
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Manual
Gate
Valve
Pipe Ram
Blind
HCV
Choke
line side
Pipe Ram
136
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Main Function
Accumulator
Provide means of
applying controlled
back pressure to the
well whilst circulating
Choke
Manifold
a kick
BOP Stack
137
Rotate
Circulate
Hydraulically powered
Control
Power Choke
Swaco Super Choke
Hand Chokes
138
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Air / hydraulic
Remote sensor for
P Standpipe
P choke
Circulate
Control
139
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Hydraulic Accumulator
Koomey Unit
Stores and provides hydraulic
power to operate the BOP
components
Circulate
Control
Accumulator
Choke
Manifold
BOP Stack
140
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Rotate
Circulate
Control
142
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Gas Outlet
Siphon Break
Inlet
Baffles
Access
Cover
1/3
Height
to
Shaker
Mud Leg
4 Clean Out
143
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Vacuum De-gasser
144
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
145
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Kicks through
the drillstring are
very dangerous
Control Pressure in
the drillstring too
Upper and lower
kelly cocks
Drill string Float
Valve
146
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
147
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Solid Flapper
Ported Flapper
148
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Flow Meter
Pit Level
Indicator
Trip Tank
Well Control
Monitoring
System
149
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Capability to bleed/pump
mud to/from trip tank with
well under pressure
Control
To
Transducer
RBOP
Bleed
Valve
From
Trip
Tank
Check
Valve
Closed
Flow Line
Annular
Drill Pipe
Blind
Drill Pipe
Circulate
Through
Choke
150
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Well Construction
Rig Floor Equipment (Old and New)
151
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Falling objects
Etc
1
4
3
152
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rathole
156
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Slips
Designed to support the load off the whole drill
string in the rotary bushing (18 degree taper)
157
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Elevators
Designated by lift
capacity
Pipe Size
Different support
methods
Slips
Square
shoulder
Tapered
internal
Latching method
158
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rotate
Circulate
Control
Elevators
159
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Spinning
Chain
Breakout
Tongs
Spinning
Wrench
Torque
Wrench
160
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
161
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
1975
1986
2003
2006
162
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
163
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
1949
1960s
1975
1986
1990
1994
164
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Running Casing
165
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Running Casing
Casing Running Tool (CRT)
166
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
167
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
New Technology on
the Rig Floor
168
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
where is it from?
Auxiliary
Systems
Drilling history
Hoisting
& Lowering
Rotary
Rig types
Mud
Circulation
Drilling equipment
Drilling
Control
Tripping Screen
169
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Pipe Handling
170
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
171
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
172
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
The Drillstring
173
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
The Drillstring
Rig Floor
Top
DriveEquipment
System
Rotary Table
Upper Kelly
Swivel
etc. Cock
Upper Kelly Cock
Lower
Kelly Saver Sub
Kelly
Lower Kelly Cock
Kelly Saver Sub
Drillpipe
Hevi-weight Drillpipe
X-over subs
Drill Collars
Rotary Jar
(Mud Motor / Turbine / MWD)
Bit
174
The Drillstring
Drill Pipe Safety Valves
175
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Drillpipe
Supports the Bit from the
Surface
Triples In
Fingerboard
On Set-Back
Singles On
Pipe Deck
(Rack)
Pin Thread
Coated
Box Thread
With Thread Protectors
176
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Drillpipe
Steel tube with weld-on connections
Common sizes 6 5/8, 5, 4, & 3 1/2
Many Grades, E, X, G, S
Properties 5 S 19.5# pipe
177
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Drillpipe
Steel tube with weld-on connections
Common sizes 6 5/8, 5, 4, & 3 1/2
Many Grades, E, X, G, S
Properties 5 S 19.5# pipe
Tooljoint
178
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Drillpipe manufacture
179
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Stability
Directional control,
Geo-steering,
Bit dynamics control
Measurement systems
180
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Heavy-weight Drillpipe
Run above bottom hole
assembly (BHA)
Thick wall pipe (1)
Can be run in compression,
better able to withstand
cyclic loading
Frequently used in highly
deviated / horizontal wells
Provides weight on bit
(WOB)
Reduce BHA length
Reduced contact area with
borehole
181
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Rotary BHA
182
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Drilling Jar
Insurance Tool
May un-stick a stuck
string
184
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
MASS
DC & HWDP
MASS
MASS
BANG !
JAR
BHA
Pull Tension
FIRE
IMPACT
End of piston stroke
185
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
String Stabilisers
Centralise the BHA
Keep hole open
Enable straight hole
and deviation control
186
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
188
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Rotating Drive
Shaft
RSS
Steering
Bit Side
Force
mechanism Push
or Point bit
MWD Bit walk and bit
face control
Considers bit
Formation Evaluation
rotation, axial
penetration, tilting
Gamma Ray +
motion, and
Resistivity
formation
properties
Non rotating Sleeve w/
Steering ribs & Inclination Sensors
190
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Solid Flapper
Ported Flapper
191
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
The Drillstring
Drill Pipe
12 Drill Collars
Jar
3 Drill Collars
UBHO Sub
Motor Assembly 6.75
Adjustable set at 1.5
8.75 Bit
192
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Solid Flapper
Ported Flapper
193
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
The Drillstring
Threaded connections
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
The Drillstring
Top Drive
Dolly
Traveling
Block
Motor
Traveling Assembly
Top Drive System Gear Case
- Hydraulic
Drive Shaft
- Electric
(replaces kelly)
IBOP Valves
Pipehandler
Elevator
Links
195
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Kelly
Drive
Rotary
Engagement
196
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Drillpipe
Heavy-weight Drillpipe
X-over subs
Drill Collars
Rotary Jar
(Mud Motor / Turbine /
MWD)
Bit
198
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Circulation System
1. Adds Drilling
Horsepower
2. Removes Cuttings
3. Cools the Bit
4. Controls Pressure
199
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Bits
Two Categories
Roller Cutters
Roller cutters
Fixed Cutters
Steel tooth
Tungsten Carbide inserts
Fixed blade
diamond
polycrystalline diamond
compact
200
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Tungston Carbide
Insert Bit
201
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Example Milled-tooth
Bit
Long teeth
Wide spacing
Large offset
Cutting action
202
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
2.
3.
4.
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
204
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
2.
3.
4.
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
206
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
2.
3.
4.
207
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
208
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
PolyCrystaline Diamond
Compact (PDC) Bit
Drive System
Diamond Impregnated
(Impreg.) Bit
209
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
210
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
211
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Decisions! Decisions!
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Drilling Parameters
Roller Cones
WOB = 4500 lb / in dia max.
ROP dictated by bearing type
Bit life determined by WN number
(weight * total revs)
Diamond / PDC
WOB determined by bit
aggressiveness and torque
developed
High RPM > 150
In combination with motor /
turbines
Role of drilling dynamics / vibration
Check with drill-off test
213
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
214
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
Bits
BHA
Drillpipe
X-overs
Drive System
218
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
219
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Drilling Fluid
Mud is VERY IMPORTANT
Poor, badly formulated or badly
maintained drilling fluid (mud) is the
PRIMARY cause of non productive time
(due to stuck pipe) in drilling
operations.
220
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Drilling Fluid
Mud is VERY IMPORTANT
Mud properties strongly influence bit
performance
221
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Desired Properties
Thin and free-flowing while the fluid is being
pumped (shear thinning),
Thick when pumping is stopped, "gelling" to
suspend drilled solids.
Non damaging to reservoir
223
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
224
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Shale-Control Inhibitors
These are used to control the hydration, caving and disintegration of
clay/ shale formations. Commonly used are gypsum, sodium silicate and
calcium lignosulfonates.
Surfactants
These are used to reduce the interfacial tension between contacting
surfaces (oil/water, water/solids, water/air, etc.).
Weighting Agents
Used to provide a weighted fluid higher than the fluids specific gravity.
Materials are barite, hematite, calcium carbonate and galena.
228
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Cuttings Transport
Good carrying capacity
Transport cuttings to
surface
Mud loggers
determine the depth
where cuttings
originated
Drilled cuttings
retrieved and analyzed
at the wellsite
231
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Cuttings Transport
Requirements
Keep cuttings
in suspension
when pump /
circulation is
stopped by
gelling
Then thin when
circulation
recommences
Formation
232
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Fluid
gradient
Pressure
234
Dilemma
Avoid Losses
Avoid Kicks
Avoid formation
instability
235
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
236
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Losses
Filter Cake
Total
losses to
Fractures
Filter cake
needs to Plug
pores without
causing excessive
damage
Seepage
losses to
Porous & Permeable
matrix
238
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Borehole
Instability
Formation
240
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Porosity:
Ability to contain
Permeability:
Ability to flow through
243
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
246
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Minimize corrosion
Facilitate cementing and completion
247
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
250
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Corrosion Inhibitors
Corrosion leads to loss of casing integrity
(especially opposite aquifers)
Loss of drill string integrity
twist offs
256
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
257
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Properties Measured
Density
Gradient psi/ft
Viscocity
Centipoise
PV / YP
Gel Strength
10 sec
10 min
Water Loss
PH
Solids Content
Sand Content
Ca++
Also special HPHT
measurements
Fann
Viscometer
and Measurement
258
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Shale Shakers
Screen
260
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
261
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
De-sander
262
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
De-silter
263
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Mud-cleaner
264
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Centrifuge
265
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Mud de-gasser
266
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Well Construction
267
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
269
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Casing
Pipe Body & Threads
compatible with the
pressures and fluids
expected.
Thread Connections
STC, LTC, Buttress,
Special gas tight
Conductor
Surface Casing
Casing
Drilling
Production
Liner
Drilling
Production
Tieback
Production tubing
Annuli
Designation
'D' Annulus
'C' Annulus
Surface Casing
'B' Annulus
Production Tieback
'A' Annulus
Intermediate Casing
Production Tubing
Packer
Perforations
Production Liner
273
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Load Parameters
Actual Casing strength
Failure modes and consequences
Connection strength
'D' Annulus
'C' Annulus
Surface Casing
'B' Annulus
Production Tieback
'A' Annulus
Intermediate Casing
Production Tubing
Packer
Perforations
Production Liner
274
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Cement
Purpose
Requirements
Supports Casing
In combination with casing and
BOPs provides well control
Provides zonal isolation
Helps control corrosion
Casing Cemention
276
process explained later.
Wellhead
Purpose
Provides pressure-containment
interface (BOPs) during drilling
phase
Provides casing hang-off profiles
during the well construction phase.
Provides tubing hang-off profile for
production tubing
Supports the Christmas tree
In combination with Christmas tree
provides surface flow-control
during production phase
277
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Compact Wellhead
Purpose
Compact multi-bowl wellhead
design
Allows multiple casing strings
to be hung in a single
wellhead component
Reduces installation time and
footprint
278
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Subsea Wellhead
Applications to 10,000 psi WP,
Single trip Casing hangers and seal
assemblies
Five- or six-string casing options
Weight-set, elastomeric parallel bore seal
assemblies
Running tool provides a straightforward
stab, test and tool retrieval.
Passive lockdown high-pressure housing into
the 30" housing.
Guideline or guidelineless operations
279
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Christmas Tree
Purpose
Installed on top of the wellhead
to control the flow of well fluids
during production.
Provides primary and back-up
control facilities for production
Enables wellbore shut-in
Incorporates facilities to enable
safe access for well intervention
operations , e.g., slickline,
electric wireline and coiled
tubing
280
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Flowline
Xmas tree
Cellar
Wellhead
Gas storage
well Etzel
Germany
281
Completion
Purpose
Several Types
Enables
Remedial isolation
Special treatments
Includes
282
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Completion
Purpose
Several Types
Enables
Remedial isolation
Special treatments
Completion
Purpose
Several Types
Enables
Remedial isolation
Special treatments
284
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Well Construction
Casing & Cementing
285
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Cement
Oilfield cement manufactured to (API) Specification 10A.
Classes of API cement are A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H.
Modified with additives to deliver required properties
Accelerators
Retarders
Slurry density reducers
Slurry density enhancers
Temperature resistance
Compressive strength
Flow properties
Elasticity
286
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Cementing Operations
Cementation is the final Crucial Operation in Securing a
well section
Cement is a Barrier
Must achieve
High quality uncontaminated cement that bonds to casing
and formation
High compressive strength
Well control throughout the operation
Float equipment (flow inside casing)
Prevent channeling (flow outside casing)
Isolation of hydrocarbon zones
Isolation of water zones
Protection from corrosive fluids
287
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Cementing Operations
Good Cementation Achieved Through:
Pre cementation circulation and conditioning of mud
Proper mixing and blending of mix water and cement
Minimise free water
Correct density
288
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Cementing Operations
Accessories: Float Equipment
Purpose
Prevent back-flow when
cement is pumped in place
Provide landing shoulder
for wiper plugs (Collar)
Provide Guide for Casing
(Shoe)
Enable pressure-test of
Casing after displacement
cement (Collar)
Float Collar
Float Shoe
289
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Cementing Operations
Accessories: Wiper Plugs
Purpose
Remove drilling fluid
residue from casing
(Bottom Plug)
Separate drilling fluid /
spacers from Cement
Wipe cement residue
from casing (Top Plug)
Enable pressure-test of
casing after
displacement; landing on
float collar (Top Plug)
290
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Cementing Operations
Accessories: Cement
Head
Purpose
Enable sequential
release of cement
plugs
Provide circulation
path for drilling fluid,
spacers and cement
291
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Cementing Operations
Accessories: Centralizers,
Scratchers & Wipers
Purpose
centralizers; 2 types
centralize casing &
provide stand-off from
bore hole
minimize channeling,
enable uniform
distribution of cement
scratchers and wipers
scrape wall-cake from
borehole
292
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Cementing Operations
Accessories: Stage
Cementing
Purpose: Cementing with
losses
Reduce effective length
of cement column
Enable cement
placement below &
above loss zone
Isolate hydrocarbon
zones at various levels in
well
293
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
294
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Cementing Operations
295
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Conductor Casing
'D' Annulus
'C' Annulus
Surface Casing
'B' Annulus
Production Tieback
'A' Annulus
Intermediate Casing
Liner
Drilling
Production
Production Tubing
Packer
Perforations
Production Liner
296
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Conductor Casing
'D' Annulus
'C' Annulus
Casing
Drilling
Production
Liner
Drilling
Production
Surface Casing
'B' Annulus
Production Tieback
'A' Annulus
Intermediate Casing
Production Tubing
Packer
Perforations
Production Liner
297
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
298
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Foundation of the
Well
Requires cement
back to surface
Large displacement
volume if plug
cementation used
Solution is a
stinger using
tubing or drillpipe
299
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Surface Casing
Casing run to bottom
and hung off on
profile on Conductor
300
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Surface Casing
Drillpipe with stinger
assembly run in hole
Stabbed into special
float shoe
Drillpipe Stinger
Cementation
301
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Surface Casing
Circulate and condition
mud
Pump water spacer
Drillpipe Stinger
Cementation
302
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Surface Casing
Mix and pump cement
Drillpipe Stinger
Cementation
303
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Surface Casing
Cement back to surface
Displace drillpipe with
drilling fluid
Drillpipe Stinger
Cementation
304
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Surface Casing
Displace drillpipe with
drilling fluid
Leave 100m cement in
drillpipe to avoid
contamination at shoe
Drillpipe Stinger
Cementation
305
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Surface Casing
Remove drillpipe
Cement fills bottom of
casing
Circulate clean
Wait on Cement (WOC)
Drillpipe Stinger
Cementation
306
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
307
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Drilling (intermediate)
Production
Cement covers exposed
hydrocarbons (minimum 500ft)
Volume from caliper log
Back to surface not practicable
Liner
Drilling
Production
Conductor Casing
'D' Annulus
'C' Annulus
Surface Casing
'B' Annulus
Production Tieback
'A' Annulus
Intermediate Casing
Production Tubing
Packer
Perforations
Production Liner
308
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
2
Conductor Casing
'D' Annulus
'C' Annulus
Surface Casing
'B' Annulus
Production Tieback
7 29 lb/ft
Casing
mw r =
62 lb/cuft
'A' Annulus
Intermediate Casing
V3
Mud r =
87 lb/cuft
Production Tubing
v1
v2
Cmt r =
Packer
115
lb/cuft
Perforations
Liner
TD =Production
13900
ft
309
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Production Casing
Plug Cementation
310
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Production Casing
Plug Cementation
311
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Production Casing
Plug Cementation
Intermediate and
production casings
Pre-calculated volume
circulated between
plugs
Volumes obtained
from caliper logs
Plug Cementation
312
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Production Casing
Place wiper plugs in
cement head.
Plug Cementation
313
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Production Casing
From Cement Unit) Pump preflush
scavenger cement. (slurry
heavier than drilling fluid lighter
than cement slurry) with
objective to remove mud wall
cake and displace drilling fluid.
Plug Cementation
314
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Production Casing
From Cement Unit. Pump
(calculated cement slurry
volume mixed & pumped
on the fly). Cement
properties continuously
monitored and adjusted.
Plug Cementation
315
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Production Casing
Switch to Rig Pump for
high rate displacement
Plug Cementation
316
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Production Casing
Continue displacement
at high rate to create
good mud
displacement
Plug Cementation
317
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Production Casing
First bottom plug
arrives at float collar
Plug Cementation
Production Casing
Continue
displacement, cement
rising in annulus.
Anxiously awaiting
bump of top plug.
Plug Cementation
319
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Continue
displacement, until
top plug bumps.
Pressure test casing.
Cement job
completed
Wait on Cement
monitor for flow
Plug Cementation
320
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Overview of
Plug Cementation
321
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Conductor Casing
'D' Annulus
'C' Annulus
Surface Casing
'B' Annulus
Production Tieback
'A' Annulus
Intermediate Casing
Liner
Hung off
in
Packer
previous
Perforations
casing
Production Tubing
Production Liner
322
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Directional Drilling
323
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
324
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
325
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Seismic
Previous wells
Reservoir model
Petrophysical logging
327
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Tangent section
Drop off section
328
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Development of
Directional Drilling Systems
Badgering with bent pipe
Whipstock (side-track from casing, e.g., for ML wells)
After deflection made (e.g., 6 10 degrees)
BHA design (stabilizer placement) and drilling practices (WOB / Circ rate)
used to build /drop/hold angle
Simple survey tools
Directional readings; dropped or wireline-conveyed single shot photos
(camera photo of compass and plumb )
329
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
330
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Directional Surveying
Magnetic Single Shot
Every 100 feet stop for wireline
survey
Lower and retrieve camera with
pendulum and magnetic compass
Slow and prone to miss-runs
Non Magnetic DCs
331
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Directional Surveying
Magnetic surveys
Requires non- magnetic
environment
Use non magnetic drill
collars (NMDCs)
Length NMDCs depends
on declination
Corrected for Magnetic
Declination
Corrected for Grid System
Gyro surveys required for
regions of high interference
Inside casing
Close to platform
332
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Directional Surveying
Magnetic surveys
Requires non- magnetic
environment
Use non magnetic drill
collars (NMDCs)
Length NMDCs depends
on declination
Corrected for Magnetic
Declination
Corrected for Grid System
Gyro surveys required for
regions of high interference
Inside casing
Close to platform
333
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Development of
Directional Drilling Systems - Badgering
Badgering with Bent pipe
Bottom Hole Assembly or
"BHA for deviations from
the vertical
Development of
Directional Drilling Systems Whipstock Drilling
Whipstock run,
on drillpipe,
orientated and
set in desired
direction
Drill off the
whipstock
Deflect hole in
desired direction
Used today in
cased hole for
sidetracks with
milling assembly
335
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
336
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Conventional BHAs
Deviation Drilling before the advent
of mud motors & deflection tools
Build angle 6 to 10 deg (jetting)
RIH build assembly
Hold Assembly
Drop Assembly
337
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
338
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
339
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Directional Correction
Rebel Tool
Run just above the bit
Long paddles turned
left
Short paddles turned
right
Forerunner of RSS
341
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
342
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
343
344
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Pressure,
Gamma-ray
Resistivity
Temperature
Other petrophysical evaluation tools
345
348
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
EM MWD Systems
Uses same sensors and
power supplies
Data transmission via
magnetic pulse or electrical
current through formations
to surface antennas
Data can be transmitted at
any time
Depth limitations, formation
type and power consumption
are concerns
Used for under-balance / air
drilling
349
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
351
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bit Side
Force
MWD
Rotating
Drive Shaft
Formation Evaluation
Gamma Ray + Resistivity
354
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
355
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Telemetry
Pulse
Electromagnetic
Wired
356
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Well Trajectories
357
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
358
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Horizontal
Extended Reach
Hook well
Tortuous snake
well
359
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Horizontal Drilling
Advantages
Greater reservoir exposure per well
Geo steering to stay in sweet spot
Fewer wells required for same production
Disadvantages
Increased formation damage
During well life cycle, limited recompletion
options
Isolation of water / gas coning
360
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
361
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
How?
Special
Rigs (Power)
BP
Wytch Farm
12,345
meters Rigs
(40,502(Power)
ft) and a horizontal displacement of
Special
BP Wytch Farm
Large
bore
Sakhalin
Island
Chayvo field
28 January
2011 depth
the worlds
longest
borehole
was drilled
On(Z-12)
measured
11,680
meters
(38,320 ft)
High
strength
tool
joints
Odoptu
Sakhalin-I
with
a measured
total depth
at the
Chayvo
field,field,
contains
17 of the
world's
30 longest
of 12,345
meters (40,502
ft)wells
and a horizontal displacement of
extended-reach-drilling
Aluminium
pipe?
metersField
(37,648
ft).
Al11,475
Shaheen
Qatar
Special
synthetic mud systems
BD-04A (World record) measured depth of 12,289 meters
(40,320high
ft) pump
10,902rates
meters
Very
Record horizontal reach
of 10,902 meters (35,770 ft)
(35,770 ft)
steerable
systems
Rotary
Drilled in 36
days
Excellent drilling practices
363
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
364
Multi-lateral Wells
Production tool
Can improve well
economics
Multiple access from single
wellbore
Injection & production
from same wellbore
Different levels of isolation
Applications
Sidetrack (with whipstock)
from existing or purpose
built wells
366
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Multi-lateral Wells
Selective Production
Sealed junction
Zonal isolation
Selective access
Problem areas
Competence of junction seal
Access to laterals
Isolation of laterals
367
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
368
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Stuck Pipe
369
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
370
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Preventive measures?
372
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Filtercake
Excess
mud
pressure
String
Permeable
Formation
Gelled,
stagnant
mud
373
Filtercake
Excess
mud
pressure
String
String
Permeable
Formation
Gelled,
stagnant
mud
374
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
DP
378
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Key Seating
Formation incompatibility
with mud filtrate
Addressed by chemical
inhibition WBM
Or use OBM SBM
380
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Uncontrolled vibration
results in high impact
loads against well bore
Makes fragile but stable
formations UNSTABLE
381
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Hole Cleaning
384
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
386
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
387
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
388
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Undergauged
Hole
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Lack of attention
Junk in Hole
389
390
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
391
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Shale Shaker
Volume
Size
Type
CAVINGS
392
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
4.
5.
393
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
WOB
Rigidity
Annular clearance
Annular velocity across the BHA
Wall contact area
Jar Optimisation
Type of Jar, Placement of Jar, use of 1 or 2 Jars
Awareness of Jar Limitations AND Impact
394
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Downhole Visualization
Record all hole problems / issues
Sketch draw down hole situation
Note BHA change on tripping/drilling
Records
Certification/Inspection/records /Operating Hours
Lay down or change out tools that have reached max. operating
hours (no uncertified tools!!)
395
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
PLANNINGTrips
Prior Trips
ToolBox Meeting prior POOH
Discuss potential problems
Provide possible solutions
Have a strategy
Borehole Geometry
Changes in BHA (PDC Bit Gauge Length, Stabilizers, Rigidity, Clearance)
Severe doglegs (key seats)
Precautionary reaming
Max. overpull/set down and when/how to use jar
Keep the String in Free Hole
When observing significant overpull or set down wt, attempt to bring string in
FREE hole first
May require running/pulling 1 or 2 stands
Free movement (up/down/rot) and circulation allows team to decide on next
steps
Surge and Swabs
Avoid poor practices which could accelerate hole instability
Recognise and deal with hole pack-off tendencies
396
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Fishing Equipment
397
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
398
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
399
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
400
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
The Drillstring
Stuck Pipe as per
previous session
How hard can we pull?
How much Torque?
How much pressure?
401
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
The Drillstring
Failure Mechanisms
Twist off
Torque
Overpull
Washout => leading to failure
Cyclic loading
Crack propagation (SSC)
Mismatched components
Bit cone failure
Questions
How hard can we pull?
How much Torque
How much pressure
402
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
The Drillstring
Lots of pieces to get
stuck, twist off, wash
out, breakand get left
in the hole
403
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Surface Casing
'B' Annulus
Production Tieback
'A' Annulus
Intermediate Casing
Production Tubing
Packer
Perforations
Production Liner
404
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
405
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
CCL
Explosive Backoff
BANG!
Zero
or slightly positive
tension at joint (string in air)
LH torque, 60-75 % of
make-up torque
Charge as recommended
by service provider
408
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Colliding Tool
Severance device for cutting
thick-wall tubulars, drill
collars and HW drill pipe
Cutting technique based on
the colliding shock wave
principle
Precisely timed detonation of
two equal and opposing
shock fronts
409
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Chemical Cutter
http://www.chammascutters.com/en/how-it-works.html
410
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
and then?
either plug and abandon depending on
Value of the fish (RSS and geo-steering
combo ($$$)
Cost of sidetrack ($$$)
Environmental considerations (nuclear
source)
Condition of the fish looking up
or go back with a milling or fishing string
411
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
412
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Basket
Grapple
Inner Seal
Mill Control Packer
Outer Seal
Basket
Grapple
Inner Seal
Mill Control
Packer
Outer Seal
Guide
413
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Wall Hook
414
Releasing Spears
Means of engaging a fish
internally
Positive engagement, easy
release from the fish
Easy re-engagement after
spear released
416
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
417
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Fishing Assembly
Overshot (releasing)
Bumper sub
Drill Collars
Hydraulic Jar
Drill Collars
Accelerator
HWDP
418
Formation Evaluation
419
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
420
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Formation Evaluation
Key activity in well construction
Reliable information is vital for
Investment decisions about development of a
discovered reserve
Well design (size of production tubing)
Combination of many information sources
Cuttings
Cores
Petrophysical logs
Sidewall samples
Repeat formation tests (RFT)
Well Test
421
422
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Continuous Coring
SAFETY JOINT
STABILISER AND
BEARING ASSEMBLY
DROP BALL
STABILISER
INNER BARREL
CORES
CORE CATCHER,
CORE BIT AND
CORE SHOE
CORE BIT
423
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Continuous Coring
Direct measurement of petrophysical properties
Very Expensive in rig time and thus costs (depending
on length of core drilled per run)
Enables calibration of petrophysical tools
Identification of features below petrophysical
resolution
Core flood testing to evaluate effects of drilling fluid
damage
Actual porosity and permeability measurements
Demands care and attention of wellsite drilling team
424
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Wireline Logging
425
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Wireline Logging
Key Subsurface Properties
Lithology
Porosity
Radioactivity
Permeability
Electrical conductivity
Water / oil saturation
Density
Density Log
Determines rock bulk density
Overall density of rock including
solid matrix and the fluid enclosed
in pores
Gamma Ray
Records naturally occurring gamma
rays in the formations adjacent to
the wellbore.
Standard device used for the
correlation of logs in cased and
open holes.
Resistivity
Records electrical conductivity
Water in rock has various levels of
salt (depends on origins)
Salty water lower resistivity
Hydrocarbons high resistivity
Increasing resistivity indicates
increasing hydrocarbon saturation
426
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
427
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Telemetry
Pulse
Electromagnetic
Wired
428
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Bit Side
Force
MWD
Rotating
Drive Shaft
Formation Evaluation
Gamma Ray + Resistivity
430
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Well Testing
Provides the following:
Productivity
Fluid properties
Fluid composition
Sand potential
Flow potential
Pressure
Temperature
Combining data to prove
reservoir potential, confirm
well performance, and
improve field productivity
431
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Hydraulic Fracturing
432
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Hydraulic Fracturing
May be required to evaluate well flowability
Used in tight low permeability formations
Goal is to create a network of interconnected
fractures that serve as conduits
Enable natural gas and oil to flow from the rock into
the wellbore at economic rates
In combination with horizontal drilling has turned
previously unproductive organic-rich shales into the
largest natural gas fields in the world
Injection rates; up to 15,000 psi and 100 barrels per
minute
433
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Hydraulic Fracturing
Fracture is formed by pumping the fracturing fluid into
the wellbore at a rate sufficient to increase the pressure
downhole to a value in excess of the fracture gradient of
the formation rock.
The pressure causes the formation to crack, allowing the
fracturing fluid to enter and extend the crack farther into
the formation.
To keep fracture open after the injection stops, a solid
proppant, commonly a sieved round sand, is added to the
fracture fluid.
The propped hydraulic fracture then becomes a high
permeability conduit through which the formation fluids
can flow to the well.
434
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Hydraulic Fracturing
435
Blowouts
436
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
437
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
US Land 2002
439
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Desert Rig
440
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Desert Rig
441
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
442
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Twisted metal
443
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
444
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
445
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
446
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
447
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
448
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Platforms / Jackets
449
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
450
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
451
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
452
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
453
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
454
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
het Haantje
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
455
Avoiding Blowouts
het Haantje
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
456
Blowout!
Uncontrolled Flow From a Well
Risk to human life
Risk to the environment
Loss of Company image &
reputation
Loss of assets
Potential recovery costs up to US$100
million (and more )
Potential damage to reservoir in
excess of US$100 million (and more
.)
Cleanup..Billions
457
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
458
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
459
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
1206 Occurrences
203 Occurrences
SINTEF
41%
31%
27%
25%
23%
13%
11% 12%
8%
el
W
ir
et
io
in
se
2% 2%
C
om
pl
Pr
o
du
ct
io
Ph
a
Ph
a
se
ng
lli
tD
ri
m
en
D
ev
el
op
ko
W
or
Ex
p
lo
ra
t io
ve
D
ri
lli
Ph
a
se
ng
5%
http://www.sintef.no/home/Technology-and-Society/Safety-Research/Projects/SINTEF-Offshore-Blowout-Database/
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
460
461
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
SINTEF
40%
30%
21%
17%
14%
12%
11%
13%
11%
8%
7%
ps
s
C
em
en
t in
se
Lo
s
l- u
f il
Im
pr
op
er
cu
er
/W
at
1%
as
4%
tm
ud
H
P
d
te
ec
xp
U
ne
To
o
Lo
w
ud
Sw
ab
W
ei
bi
gh
ng
4%
463
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Lack of awareness
Failure to follow procedures
Lack of skills
Failure to communicate
Human error
Failure to follow procedures
Lack of knowledge
Lack of skills
Technical
Managing crisis
465
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
SINTEF
32%
25%
18%
17%
17%
15%
12%
15%
12%
10%
9%
6%
5%
fa
ile
d
2%
ad
W
el
lh
e
Xm
as
tre
si
ng
Sh
fa
ile
d
oe
3%
Fr
ac
tu
r
BO
at
Ca
no
BO
ti
n
Fa
pl
ac
ile
d
P
BO
e
Cl
os
to
ile
d
Fa
to
ile
d
Fa
St
rin
Sa
St
ab
fe
ty
Sa
Va
lv
e
fe
ty
Fa
Va
ile
d
lv
e
3%
466
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Blowout
468
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Due to:
Demanding environment
High surface pressures / temperatures
Unexpected high reservoir pressures
Inability to handle high volumes of gas at surface
Kick and Loss problems
Duration of Well Kill
Erosion of surface equipment
Hydrate problems
Lack of skills
469
Contributing Factors
Demanding well designs
Emphasis on drilling
Cheaper
Faster
Deeper
Preventing Blowouts
Blowout
475
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Well Construction
Drill a Well on Land (Step for Step)
476
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Plan of Action
Order long lead items
Prepare and sign contracts
Prepare & obtain approval of detailed well
design
Obtain approval for expenditure
Conduct drill well on paper exercise
Prepare location
Drill the well
Review performance
477
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Lithology is known
(development drilling) or
predicted (exploration)
from seismic, nearby wells
or outcrops.
478
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Step 1
Clear the lease
Level & Prepare
the site
Drainage
Mud pits
Construct the
cellar
479
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Step 2
Drill or Drive the
stove pipe with
purpose built rig
Drill/drive
Non rig operation
Rapid Rig
Step 2a
Move in rig and
raise mast
481
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Drilling Pad
482
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Step 3
Prepare spud mud
Make up the BHA
Commence drilling
operations
Drill top hole for
conductor casing
483
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Drilling Operations
Step 3a
Commence drilling
operations for 24 hole
Bit Type?
Circulation rate = ?
RPM = ?
WOB = ?
484
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Step 4
Pull out of hole
Rig up for casing
Make up shoe
track (Float Shoe)
and centralizers
Run in to bottom
Hang off
485
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Step 5
Run in hole (RIH) with
internal cementing stinger
Stab (drillpipe) stinger in
shoe
Mix and pump cement
Cement Casing (cement
returns back to surface)
Cement casing
Wait on Cement (WOC)
Remove casing landing
joint
LANDING JOINT
486
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Step 6
Screw on or weld
on casing housing
Nipple up BOP
Test BOP
487
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
-- Wellhead Detail --
Wellhead Overview
Special Operations
Tubing Spool
BOP's sit here
while drilling
Casing Spools
C-Section
B-Section
A-Section
-- Setting Slips --
-- Slips Set --
488
488
Step 7
Nipple up BOP
Test BOP
Plug type
tester
Cup type
tester
489
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Nipple up and
test BOPs
Annular Preventer
Pipe Rams
Pipe Rams
490
Step 8.X
Prepare to Drill next
Intermediate Casing
hole section
Log
Run Casing
Cement
Ready to drill
Production Casing
hole section
491
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Step 8.X
Drill Next
Intermediate
Casing hole
section
Log
Run Casing
Cement
Ready to drill
production casing
hole section
INTERMEDIATE
492
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
493
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
The Situation:
Casing Shoe
Cement
Production Objective
494
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
494
Casing Shoe
10 ft of new hole
Production Objective
495
Purpose:
1800
1600
LOT Pressure
1400
Procedure:
- Pressure up on the hole
- Record pressure vs. bbls pumped
(PSI)
PRESSURE
Pressure
1200
1000
800
600
400
Terms:
-
200
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
496
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
496
Drill Ahead
Production Objective
497
Mud
gradient
to balance
normal
pressure
Fractures
Loss
Zone
Normal
reservoir
gradient
Expected
formation
strength
gradient
Source
Rock
Pressure
498
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Losses
Losses
Losses
"Definitions"
- Partial or seepage losses
Drill Ahead
Establish magnitude of
losses. RIH 50 ft
above zone
>60 bbls/hr
10-60 bbls/hr
Place LCM as plug in
annulus
Pill failure
Drill Ahead
Continue Drilling
- Moderate losses
Continue Drilling
Pill failure
Solution:
Drill Ahead
No Losses
Drill Formation
Drill Ahead
- Severe losses
POOH to run csg /
liner
Drill Formation
499
Pump
Gunk
squeeze
or
Diaseal
M
Drill Ahead
Close in well
Production Objective
500
500
Well Kick
501
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
SIDPP
SICP
Closed BOP
The SIDPP is a
measure of
the underbalance of the
initial mud
weight
What about
the loss zone?
Depth - TVD
Indicates how
much the mud
weight needs
to be
increased
Shut-in Casing
Pressure (SICP)
Kick Height
(?)
Pressure (psi)
Influx Volume:
Gas, oil, water or
some combination
502
Drill To TD
Formation Evaluation
Run petrophysical logging tools
Identify
Formation tops
Hydrocarbon potential
Production interval(s)
Caliper log for cement volumes
Determine where to perforate
504
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Post Logging
Complete Logging
Make up BHA
Remove expensive tools Why?
Run in hole for wiper trip
Circulate and condition mud
POOH for casing job
505
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
506
507
507
508
Fig 1
Fig 1
Good Cementation
Low attenuation
Fig 2
Poor Cementation
High attenuation
Fig 2
509
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
510
510
511
512
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
512
Shaped
Charge
Perforating
Gun
Casing
Cement
Formation
513
Derrick
Logging Truck
Electric
Wireline
Electric
Wireline
Conveyed
Perforating
Guns
Packer
Tubing
Tubing
Conveyed
Perforating
(TCP)
Guns
514
Porosity:
Ability to contain
Permeability:
Ability to flow through
515
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
516
516
Christmas Tree
Purpose
Installed on top of the wellhead
to control the flow of well fluids
during production.
Provides primary and back-up
control facilities for production
Enables wellbore shut-in
Incorporates facilities to enable
safe access for well intervention
operations , e.g., slickline, electric
wireline and coiled tubing
517
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Flowline
Xmas tree
Cellar
Wellhead
518
The End
We Drilled and Completed a Well
519
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Organisation
520
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Corporate
HR
C&P
HR
GM Well
Engingeering
Chief
Engineers
Corporate
HSSE
Business
Improvement
WE
Mgrs
Standards
Drilling /Well
Assurance
Dispensations Planning
Governance
Graduates
Completions
Top Quartile
Career
Projects
Delivery and
Planning
Top Quartile
Performance
Technical
Framework
Audits/Health
Advice
IT/New Ways of
Checks
Training
Working
Liaison/Focal
Self Study
New technology
point Assets
Competence Fluids
Value
Accreditation Subsea
Assurance
Exams
Deepwater & HPHT process
Unconventionals
Performance
Analyst
QA/QC
HSSE
HSSE
Improvement
Audits,
Health
Checks
Rig
Acceptance
Link to
Corporate
HSSE
521
Drilling
Contractor
Contracted
to provide,
maintain
and operate
major
drilling rig
equipment ,
including
BOPs and
drillstring.
Major
Service
Companies
Minor
Service
Companies
Contracted
to provide,
additional
services,
Directional,
Cementing,
Pphys ical
Logging etc
Contracted
to provide,
additional
services,
Inspection,
Mud
logging,
Casing run,
Waste mgt &
disposal,
Coring
Consumables
& Eqt.
Suppliers
Can be
MSCs but
also
specialist
Cos
Provide,
Casing,
Jars.
Fishing eqt.
523
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Well Engineer
Projects
New technology
Performance
analysis
Failure analysis
Directional QA/QC
Well Engineer
Contracts
Well Engineer
Operations
. Monitors
contract
performance
Contractor HSSE
Equipment &
services
Link to C&P
HSSE
Writes drilling
programme
Liaison with
other disciplines
Liason with rig
Liason with
servcos
525
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Rig-based Organisation
Offshore Installation Manager (OIM)
(Company - when drilling on or near production facilities)
Drilling
Supervisor
Wellsite PE
(ADS)
Service
Companies
Company
Contractor
Toolpusher
(OIM)
Drilling
Crew
Rig
Maintenance
Contractor
526
528
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Wellsite PE (ADS)
Training rig-based role
Works for Operator reports
to Company Rep
Liaison for town based PE
Dept.
Primary responsibilities
Data collection & distribution
Collect geological data
Supervise petrophysical
logging
Directional data
Casing tally /Cementing
Etc, etc.
529
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
531
Derrickman
Work for Drilling Contractor
Reports to Driller
Primary responsibilities
532
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Roughnecks (floormen)
Work for Drilling Contractor
Report to Driller
Duties
533
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Mud Engineer
Reports to PE
534
Mud Logger
535
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Tubing/Casing Crew
Work for Service
Company
responsible for
running casing &
tubing completion
equipment
critical make-up torque
hydrostatic testing
while running
536
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
Quiz
Answers
Since 1940 the highest weekly US rig count was 4,530
recorded on December 28, 1981.
The lowest rig count of 488 was recorded on April 23,
1999.
In Canada the highest weekly rig count of 718 was
recorded on February 17,2006.
The lowest weekly rotary rig count of 29 was recorded on
April 24,1992.
Since 1975 the highest international rig count was 1,509,
recorded in November 1982
The lowest international rig count of 556 was recorded in
August 1999
539
MSc Petroleum Engineering Well Engineering
2410
2500
2000
1500
Series1
1262
1000
500
09
To
da
y
08
20
06
05
04
03
02
01
00
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
07
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
88
19
19
19
87
540